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  • Rats  (150)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (150)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (150)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1983  (150)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (150)
  • Springer  (1)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (150)
  • 1975-1979
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  • 101
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    5-hydroxytryptophan elevates serum melatonin (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-12
    Description: Daytime administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan to sheep elevated serum melatonin more than sevenfold within 2 hours. This suggests that administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan could be used as the basis of a clinical test of pineal function and that melatonin might mediate some clinical effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Namboodiri, M A -- Sugden, D -- Klein, D C -- Mefford, I N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):659-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Male ; Melatonin/*blood ; Pineal Gland/physiology ; Rats ; Serotonin/*pharmacology ; Sheep ; Tryptophan/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 102
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    Cell surgery to reconnect nerves (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 5;221(4610):538-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Neurons/physiology ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peripheral Nerves/*surgery ; Rats ; Sciatic Nerve/surgery
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 103
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    Monkey model of Parkinson's disease (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6403987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Adult ; Animals ; Cats ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary/*chemically induced ; Pyridines/*adverse effects ; Rats ; Substantia Nigra/drug effects/physiopathology ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 104
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    Fetal brain transplant: reduction of cognitive deficits in rats with frontal cortex lesions (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-29
    Description: Frontal cortex and cerebellar tissue from fetal rats was implanted into the damaged frontal cortex of adults. Cognitive deficits in spatial alternation learning that follow bilateral destruction of medial frontal cortex were reduced in rats with frontal cortex implants but not in those with implants of cerebellum. Histological evaluation showed that connections were made between the frontal cortex implants and host brain tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Labbe, R -- Firl, A Jr -- Mufson, E J -- Stein, D G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 29;221(4609):470-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6683427" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Cerebellum/*transplantation ; Cerebral Cortex/injuries/*transplantation ; Cognition Disorders/*physiopathology ; Fetus/*surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 105
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    Dietary chloride as a determinant of "sodium-dependent" hypertension (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-09
    Description: The uninephrectomized rat given desoxycorticosterone (DOC) provides a classic model of "sodium-dependent" hypertension. In such rats, the extent to which a given dietary intake of sodium induced an increase in blood pressure depended on whether or not the anionic component of the sodium salt was chloride. With normal and high dietary intakes of sodium, sodium chloride induced increases in blood pressure much greater than that induced by approximately equimolar amounts of sodium bicarbonate, sodium ascorbate, or a combination of sodium bicarbonate and sodium ascorbate. A normal amount of dietary sodium chloride induced hypertension, whereas an equimolar amount of sodium bicarbonate did not increase blood pressure. This difference could not be attributed to differences in sodium or potassium balances, weight gain, or caloric intake. The DOC model of "sodium-dependent" hypertension might better be considered sodium chloride-dependent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurtz, T W -- Morris, R C Jr -- R01-AM32631-01/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- RR-00079/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 9;222(4628):1139-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6648527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Volume ; Chlorides/*physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypertension/*etiology ; Male ; Rats ; Sodium/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 106
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    A glycolipid antigen associated with Burkitt lymphoma defined by a monoclonal antibody (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: The antigen defined by a rat monoclonal antibody directed to a Burkitt lymphoma cell line was identified as globotriaosylceramide [Gal alpha (1 leads to 4)-Gal beta (1 leads to 4)-Glc beta (1 leads to 1)-ceramide]. The antibody demonstrated a strict steric specificity since it did not react with globoisotriaosylceramide [Gal alpha (1 leads to 3)-Gal beta (1 leads to 4)-Glc beta (1 leads to 1)-ceramide], the positional isomer of the antigen associated with the Burkitt lymphoma. Chemical analysis of various Burkitt lymphoma cell lines revealed that the Burkitt lymphoma cells contained more than 100 times as much of the glycolipid antigen as was found in other human lymphoma and leukemia cell lines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nudelman, E -- Kannagi, R -- Hakomori, S -- Parsons, M -- Lipinski, M -- Wiels, J -- Fellous, M -- Tursz, T -- CA 19224/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 20026/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 23100/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):509-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Antigens, Neoplasm/*immunology ; Burkitt Lymphoma/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Erythrocytes/immunology ; Globosides/*immunology ; Glycosphingolipids/*immunology ; Humans ; Rabbits ; Rats ; *Trihexosylceramides
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 107
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    Sulfation preceding deiodination of iodothyronines in rat hepatocytes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: In man and animals iodothyronines are metabolized by deiodination and conjugation with glucuronic acid or sulfate. Until now these processes have been regarded as independent reactions. However, in the present study a close interaction of these pathways was observed in the hepatic metabolism of 3,3'-diiodothyronine and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine. Studies with rat hepatocytes and liver microsomes indicated that sulfation of the phenolic hydroxyl group facilitates the deiodination of these compounds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Otten, M H -- Mol, J A -- Visser, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):81-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diiodothyronines/metabolism ; Liver/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism ; Propylthiouracil/pharmacology ; Rats ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Thyroid Hormones/*metabolism ; Triiodothyronine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 108
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    Actions of estrogens and progestins on nerve cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-18
    Description: Estrogens and progestins alter electrical and chemical features of nerve cells, particularly in hypothalamus. Temporally, these events follow nuclear receptor occupation by these steroids, although not all effects have been proved to depend on translocation of receptors to the nucleus. Narrowing studies to focus on particular medial hypothalamic cells has been useful for understanding some of the actions of these steroids in brain. The variety of morphological, chemical, and electrical effects allow for a multiplicity in the cellular functions controlled by these hormones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pfaff, D W -- McEwen, B S -- HD05751/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS07080/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 18;219(4586):808-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6297008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Estrogens/*pharmacology ; Female ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis ; Neurons/drug effects ; Progesterone/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects ; Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 109
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    Evidence for olfactory function in utero (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-29
    Description: Pregnant rats received 2-[14C]deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) intravenously on the last day of gestation, and their fetuses were delivered 1 hour later by cesarean section. Fetal brains showed high 2DG uptake spread throughout the accessory olfactory bulb and little or no differential uptake in the main olfactory bulb. These findings demonstrate that functional activity occurs in the accessory olfactory bulb in utero and suggest that the accessory olfactory system may be the pathway by which fetal rats detect the odor quality of their intrauterine milieu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pedersen, P E -- Stewart, W B -- Greer, C A -- Shepherd, G M -- F32-NS06978/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 16993/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 29;221(4609):478-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Brain/radionuclide imaging ; Deoxyglucose/metabolism ; Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; Olfactory Bulb/physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Smell/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 110
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    Strain differences in rat brain epinephrine synthesis: regulation of alpha-adrenergic receptor number by epinephrine (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-23
    Description: Inbred tht strains Fischer 344 (F344) and Buffalo (BUF) differ in serveral physiological and behavioral measures. It was found that the activity of adrenomedullary and regional brain phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase is at least four times higher in F344 rats than in BUF rats; these strain-dependent differences corresponded directly with the epinephrine content of the medulla-pons and hypothalamus. Conversely, alpha-adrenergic receptor density in brain regions containing phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase is two to three times lower in F344 rats than in BUF rats; alpha-receptors in frontal cortex (a brain region lacking phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity and epinephrine) are similar in both strains. These findings suggest that strain-dependent differences in alpha-receptors are regulated by inherited differences in presynaptic adrenergic neuronal function in different brain regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perry, B D -- Stolk, J M -- Vantini, G -- Guchhait, R B -- U'Prichard, D C -- DA 02763/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH 32842/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 15595/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 23;221(4617):1297-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6310752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Medulla/enzymology ; Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/enzymology ; Epinephrine/*physiology ; Female ; Hypothalamus/enzymology ; Medulla Oblongata/enzymology ; Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism ; Pons/enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains/*metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/*metabolism ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 111
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    Mobilization of cellular calcium-45 and lead-210: effect of physiological stimuli (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Isolated rat hepatocytes in primary culture were used as a model system to evaluate the effects of selected hormones and culture conditions on the efflux of calcium-45 and lead-210 from cells labeled with these isotopes. Alpha-adrenergic stimuli, angiotensin, vasopressin, dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, and reduced phosphate concentrations in the medium increased the efflux of calcium-45 and lead-210. Glucagon and insulin had no effect, but increased phosphate concentrations decreased the efflux of both isotopes. Experiments with hepatocytes cultured in a medium free of calcium and lead demonstrated that the increased efflux of calcium-45 and lead-210 induced by hormones was the result of mobilization of the ions from intracellular stores. The data indicate that the physiological stimuli that mobilized calcium ions also mobilized lead ions, and that the mobilized lead would be available to interact with calcium-mediated cell functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pounds, J G -- Mittelstaedt, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):308-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensin II/pharmacology ; Animals ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Calcium Radioisotopes/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Epinephrine/pharmacology ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Lead/*metabolism ; Liver/cytology ; Phosphates/pharmacology ; Propranolol/pharmacology ; Radioisotopes ; Rats ; Vasopressins/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 112
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    Fast extracellular calcium transients: involvement in epileptic processes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-14
    Description: Improved liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes made possible the observation of large, rapid decreases in the concentration of extracellular calcium ions during single epileptic spikes. Moreover, in definite cortical layers the decreases regularly started shortly before the onset of each epileptic spike. In view of the prominent role played by extracellular calcium ions in neuronal processes, including transmitter release and membrane excitability, these alterations probably exert a profound influence on the cellular events underlying epileptiform activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pumain, R -- Kurcewicz, I -- Louvel, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 14;222(4620):177-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology ; Epilepsy/chemically induced/*physiopathology ; Extracellular Space/physiology ; Penicillins ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 113
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    Insulin receptor antiserum and plant lectins mimic the direct effects of insulin on nuclear envelope phosphorylation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-29
    Description: Insulin directly inhibits protein phosphorylation in isolated rat liver nuclear envelopes. In the present studies, an antiserum to insulin receptor as well as the plant lectins concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin mimicked insulin action in isolated nuclear envelopes. These studies suggest that insulin and agents that mimic it may directly regulate nuclear functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Purrello, F -- Burnham, D B -- Goldfine, I D -- AM 06659/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 26667/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 29;221(4609):462-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6346487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Concanavalin A/pharmacology ; Female ; Immune Sera ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Lectins/*pharmacology ; Nuclear Envelope/*drug effects/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptor, Insulin/*immunology
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  • 114
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    The opioid peptide dynorphin, circadian rhythms, and starvation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-07
    Description: Dynorphin, an opioid peptide whose functions are unknown, is found in brain, pituitary, and peripheral organs. Specific radioimmunoassays were used to measure dynorphin in the hypothalamus and pituitary, during the day and at night, as a function of food and water deprivation. Immunoreactive dynorphin was increased in the hypothalamus and decreased in the pituitary at night. Water deprivation led to more than 50 percent reduction in daytime levels of pituitary dynorphin and concomitant increases in hypothalamic dynorphin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Przewlocki, R -- Lason, W -- Konecka, A M -- Gramsch, C -- Herz, A -- Reid, L D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 7;219(4580):71-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6129699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Dynorphins ; Endorphins/*metabolism ; Male ; Narcotics/*metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/*metabolism ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; *Starvation ; Water Deprivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 115
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    Nucleotide sequence of the Rasheed rat sarcoma virus oncogene: new mutations (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: The nucleotide sequence of the oncogene of the Rasheed strain of rat sarcoma virus was determined. The oncogene (Ra-v-ras) encodes a 29,000-dalton (p29) transforming protein. This protein is distinct from the immunologically related 21,000-dalton protein (p21) of the Harvey murine sarcoma virus in its amino terminus and in having additional mutations in its carboxyl terminus. Although the functional significance of these changes is unknown, they appear to occur only in rat sarcoma virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rasheed, S -- Norman, G L -- Heidecker, G -- CA 27246/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):155-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6344220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Mice ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ; Rats ; Retroviridae/*genetics
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  • 116
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    Physiological correlates of prolonged sleep deprivation in rats (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: The issue of whether sleep is physiologically necessary has been unresolved because experiments that reported deleterious effects of sleep deprivation did not control for the stimuli used to prevent sleep. In this experiment, however, experimental and control rats received the same relatively mild physical stimuli, but stimulus presentations were timed to reduce sleep severely in experimental rats but not in controls. Experimental rats suffered severe pathology and death; control rats did not.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rechtschaffen, A -- Gilliland, M A -- Bergmann, B M -- Winter, J B -- MH-18428/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-4151/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):182-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/pathology ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Electroencephalography ; Male ; Organ Size ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sleep Deprivation/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 117
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    Free-running activity rhythms in the rat: entrainment by melatonin (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: The pineal gland hormone melatonin may play a role in synchronization of rat circadian rhythms. Free-running activity rhythms of the rat were entrained by a daily melatonin injection, with entrainment occurring when the onset of activity coincided with the time of daily injections. When injections were stopped, activity rhythms became free-running again. Thus in pharmacological experiments, the time of day of melatonin administration is crucial.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redman, J -- Armstrong, S -- Ng, K T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1089-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Circadian Rhythm/*drug effects ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Male ; Melatonin/pharmacology/*physiology ; Motor Activity/*physiology ; Pineal Gland/*physiology ; Rats
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    Maternal coordination of the fetal biological clock in utero (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Deoxyglucose labeled with carbon-14 was used in studying the utilization of glucose in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of fetal rats. The results showed that an entrainable circadian clock is present in the suprachiasmatic nuclei during fetal development and that the maternal circadian system coordinates the phase of the fetal clock to environmental lighting conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reppert, S M -- Schwartz, W J -- 1 K07 NS 00672/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- HD 14427/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):969-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6844923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Darkness ; Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; Gestational Age ; Glucose/metabolism ; Lighting ; *Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/metabolism
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    Nucleotide sequence analysis of the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: The nucleotide sequence of the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene was determined, and the coding and noncoding sequences of the genome were identified. The amino acid sequence of p21, the translational product of the T24 oncogene, was predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the oncogene. Comparison of this sequence with that of the normal cellular homolog showed that a single point mutation in the coding sequences of the T24 oncogene resulted in the acquisition of transforming properties. Other differences between the T24 oncogene and its normal cellular homolog were found in the 5' noncoding and 3' noncoding sequences, but these differences appear to be due to polymorphism and do not play a significant role in the transformation process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reddy, E P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1061-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6844927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Carcinoma/*genetics ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Oncogenic Viruses/genetics ; Rats ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics
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    Irreversible ligands with high selectivity toward delta and mu opiate receptors (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Alkylating agents that display strong selectivity for opiate receptor types delta or mu were prepared by appropriate modification of the structures of the strong analgesics fentanyl, etonitazene, and endoethenotetrahydrooripavine. The availability of these substances should facilitate studies of the structural basis of receptor specificity and of the physiologic roles of these receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, K C -- Jacobson, A E -- Burke, T R Jr -- Bajwa, B S -- Streaty, R A -- Klee, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):314-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6132444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkylation ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Brain/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Enkephalin, Methionine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Fentanyl/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; *Isothiocyanates ; Ligands ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism/physiology ; Thebaine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
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    Corticotropin releasing factor decreases postburst hyperpolarizations and excites hippocampal neurons (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: Corticotropin releasing factor in concentrations of 15 to 250 nanomoles per liter increased the spontaneous discharge frequency and decreased the size of hyperpolarizations after burst discharges in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampal slices. Concentrations greater than 250 nanomoles per liter also depolarized the cells. These excitatory actions of corticotropin releasing factor may involve a novel calcium-dependent process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aldenhoff, J B -- Gruol, D L -- Rivier, J -- Vale, W -- Siggins, G R -- AA 03504/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AM 26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):875-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6603658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/*drug effects/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Rats
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    Neuropeptide Y distribution in the rat brain (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: A massive neuronal system was detected by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay with antibodies to neuropeptide Y, the recently isolated peptide of the pancreatic polypeptide family. Immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers were most prevalent in cortical, limbic, and hypothalamic regions. Neuropeptide Y was extracted in concentrations higher than those of any other peptide hitherto discovered in the mammalian brain. Column chromatography of brain extracts and double immunostaining experiments indicate that neuropeptide Y is the endogenous brain peptide responsible for immunostaining of pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in the mammalian brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, Y S -- Adrian, T E -- Allen, J M -- Tatemoto, K -- Crow, T J -- Bloom, S R -- Polak, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):877-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6136091" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/immunology/*metabolism ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Rats ; Tissue Distribution
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    Relative brain size and metabolism in mammals (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-17
    Description: Comparisons of the relation between brain and body weights among extant mammals show that brain sizes have not increased as much as body sizes. Interspecific increases in brain and body size appear to occur at the same rate, however, when the amount of available energy is taken into account. After this adjustment, brains of primates are slightly larger than expected from the overall mammalian data, but primates also use a larger proportion of their total energy reserves for their brains. Analyses of relative brain size must take into account the requirements that the metabolically active brain has for the body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armstrong, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 17;220(4603):1302-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6407108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Basal Metabolism ; Body Weight ; Cats ; Chiroptera/anatomy & histology ; Dogs ; Haplorhini/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Primates/anatomy & histology ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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    Redox delivery system for brain-specific, sustained release of dopamine (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Dopamine was transformed into a redox chemical system for delivery to the brain. The lipoidal form allowed penetration of the blood-brain barrier. Oxidative and hydrolytic processes then transformed the delivery form into a quaternary ammonium precursor of dopamine. The quaternary ammonium precursor was rapidly eliminated from the general circulation, whereas that formed in the brain was locked in, thereby providing a significant and sustained brain-specific dopaminergic activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bodor, N -- Simpkins, J W -- GM 27167/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):65-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apomorphine/metabolism ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; *Brain Chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dopamine/*administration & dosage/analysis/metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Prolactin/blood ; Rats
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    Myosin light chain phosphorylation does not modulate cross-bridge cycling rate in mouse skeletal muscle (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: An attempt was made to determine whether phosphorylation of the myosin light chain represents a thick filament-associated mechanism for modulating the rate of cross-bridge cycling in mouse skeletal muscle. When the degree of light chain phosphorylation was varied independently of tetanus duration, there was no correlation of phosphorylation with cross-bridge turnover rate, as measured by the shortening velocity of the muscle. It is concluded that in intact skeletal muscle phosphorylation of the myosin light chain does not in itself modulate cross-bridge cycling rate and that previously reported changes in cycling rate were due to other factors that may vary with tetanus duration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butler, T M -- Siegman, M J -- Mooers, S U -- Barsotti, R J -- AM 00973/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 15835/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1167-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles/*metabolism/physiology ; Myosins/*metabolism/physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Rats
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    Genetic expression in the developing brain (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: The adult mouse brain contains complex populations of polyadenylated [poly(A)+] and nonpolyadenylated [poly(A)-] messenger RNA's (mRNA's). These mRNA's are separate sequence populations, similar in complexity, and in combination are equivalent to approximately 150,000 different mRNA sequences, of average length. Essentially all of the "adult" poly(A)+ mRNA's are present in the brain at birth. In contrast, most of the poly(A)- mRNA's are absent. Brain poly(A)- mRNA's begin to appear soon after birth, but the full adult complement is not reached until young adulthood. This suggests that these poly(A)- mRNA's specify proteins required for the biological capabilities of the brain that emerge during the course of postnatal development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chaudhari, N -- Hahn, W E -- NS10813/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):924-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6189184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*growth & development ; Cell Differentiation ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/physiology ; Fetus/physiology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Guinea Pigs ; Kidney/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; Organ Specificity ; Poly A/physiology ; RNA/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/physiology ; RNA, Ribosomal/physiology ; Rats
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    Insulin elicits ingestion in decerebrate rats (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: Insulin administered to rats reliably elicits ingestion of food. To determine whether the neural mechanisms sufficient to control insulin-elicited ingestion are located in or caudal to the forebrain, decerebrate rats were treated with insulin and ingestive responses were measured. Insulin treatment produced hypoglycemia that was comparable, in magnitude and duration, in control and decerebrate rats. Decerebrate and control rats ingested significantly more sucrose solution while hypoglycemic than while normoglycemic. In contrast, insulin did not augment the water consumption of either group. These data indicate that neural systems caudal to the forebrain are sufficient to control ingestive consummatory behavior through the integration of metabolic signals generated by insulin treatment and taste afferent input from the oropharynx.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flynn, F W -- Grill, H J -- AM 21397/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- T32-MH15012/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):188-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6344221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Brain/*physiology ; Decerebrate State/physiopathology ; Eating/*drug effects ; Energy Metabolism ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Taste/physiology
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    Prenatal food restriction and subsequent weight gain in male rats (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enns, M P -- Wilson, M W -- Grinker, J A -- Faust, I M -- Jones, A P -- Friedman, M I -- AM20508/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM27980/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1093-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6681680" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/cytology ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Dietary Fats ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Male ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Rats
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    Opiate antagonists improve spatial memory (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-02
    Description: Rats trained on an eight-arm radial maze were challenged by placing the maze in new spatial environments. Administration of opiate antagonists, either naloxone or diprenorphine, after exposure to the new environments significantly improved subsequent performance. The effect of naloxone on spatial memory was attenuated when drug administration occurred 2 hours after maze exposure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallagher, M -- King, R A -- Young, N B -- K02 MH00406/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH35554/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 2;221(4614):975-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Naloxone/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Spatial Behavior
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    Sex differences in serotonin 1 receptor binding in rat brain (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-10-21
    Description: Male and female rats exhibit sex differences in binding by serotonin 1 receptors in discrete areas of the brain, some of which have been implicated in the control of ovulation and of gonadotropin release. The sex-specific changes in binding, which occur in response to the same hormonal (estrogenic) stimulus, are due to changes in the number of binding sites. Castration alone also affects the number of binding sites in certain areas. The results lead to the conclusion that peripheral hormones modulate binding by serotonin 1 receptors. The status of the serotonin receptor system may affect the reproductive capacity of an organism and may be related to sex-linked emotional disturbances in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischette, C T -- Biegon, A -- McEwen, B S -- AM06122/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- NS06080/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 21;222(4621):333-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623080" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Brain Mapping ; Castration ; Cell-Free System ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Male ; Pituitary Gland/enzymology ; Rats ; Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects/*metabolism ; *Sex Factors
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    Nigral transplants reinnervating the dopamine-depleted neostriatum can sustain intracranial self-stimulation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-01-28
    Description: Transplants of embryonic substantia nigra reinnervated the striatum and were able to sustain intracranial self-stimulation in rats with brain lesions induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. Dopaminergic drugs and alterations in current intensity produced typical changes in response rates. Animals with electrodes implanted into cortical grafts or into the denervated striatum failed to exhibit self-stimulation. These findings suggest that transplanted dopamine neurons convey specific, temporally organized information axonally to the striatum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fray, P J -- Dunnett, S B -- Iversen, S D -- Bjorklund, A -- Stenevi, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 28;219(4583):416-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caudate Nucleus/cytology ; Corpus Striatum/*cytology ; Dextroamphetamine/pharmacology ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Female ; Flupenthixol/pharmacology ; Putamen/cytology ; Rats ; Self Stimulation/*physiology ; Substantia Nigra/*transplantation
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    Aged rats: recovery of motor impairments by intrastriatal nigral grafts (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-02
    Description: Dissociated cell suspensions, prepared from the substantia nigra and septal regions of rat embryos, can be grafted to the depths of the caudate-putamen and hippocampus of aged rats. The grafts were rich in dopamine-containing and acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons and had produced extensive new dopaminergic and cholinergic terminal networks in the host neostriatum and hippocampus, respectively. The intrastriatal dopaminergic grafts were associated with a significant improvement in motor coordination in the aged rats. This result suggests that the intracerebral grafting technique may provide a new tool for exploring the role of dopaminergic and cholinergic deficits in the neurological and behavioral impairments associated with aging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gage, N H -- Dunnett, S B -- Stenevi, U -- Bjorklund, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 2;221(4614):966-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/physiology ; *Aging ; Animals ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Dopamine/physiology ; Female ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Movement Disorders/physiopathology ; Rats ; Septum Pellucidum/physiology ; Substantia Nigra/physiology/*transplantation
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    Coping and immunosuppression: inescapable but not escapable shock suppresses lymphocyte proliferation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-05
    Description: Rats were given series of escapable shocks, identical inescapable shocks, or no shock. The subjects were reexposed to a small amount of shock 24 hours later, after which an in vitro measure of the cellular immune response was examined. Lymphocyte proliferation in response to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A was suppressed in the inescapable shock group but not in the escapable shock group. This suggests that the controllability of stressors is critical in modulating immune functioning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laudenslager, M L -- Ryan, S M -- Drugan, R C -- Hyson, R L -- Maier, S F -- MH00314/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 5;221(4610):568-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6603018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Concanavalin A/pharmacology ; Electroshock ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; *Immunity, Cellular ; Lymphocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology ; Rats ; Stress, Psychological/*immunology/physiopathology ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/physiology
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    Recognition sites for norepinephrine uptake: regulation by neurotransmitter (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Recognition sites for the uptake of norepinephrine on adrenergic neurons in the brain and periphery were labeled with [3H]desipramine. The number of these uptake sites varied with the concentration of transmitter; depletion of norepinephrine with reserpine reduced the number of uptake sites, whereas increasing the concentration of norepinephrine induced by treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors raised the number of binding sites. These dynamic alterations in norepinephrine uptake recognition sites may regulate synaptic function homeostatically, providing less inactivation of reuptake when the synaptic concentration of the transmitter is low and increased inactivation when it is high.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, C M -- Javitch, J A -- Snyder, S H -- DA-00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH-18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-16375/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):626-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Chemistry/drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex/analysis ; Desipramine/metabolism ; Dihydroalprenolol/metabolism ; Iproniazid/pharmacology ; Norepinephrine/analysis/*metabolism/physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effects/*physiology ; Reserpine/pharmacology ; Salivary Glands/analysis ; Synapses/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 135
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    Serum factor supporting long-term survival of rat central neurons in culture (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-24
    Description: Gel filtration of serum at pH 3.6 yielded a fraction that supported long-term (months) survival of dissociated rat central neurons in monolayer culture more reliably than the traditionally used unfractionated serum. The cultures remained neuron-rich, because this fraction did not support the proliferation of glia and fibroblasts that occurs in whole serum. With an apparent molecular weight of 55,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.6, the active factor (or factors) in this fraction is distinct from any well-defined growth factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaufman, L M -- Barrett, J N -- NS07044/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS12207/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 24;220(4604):1394-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; *Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatography, Gel ; Horses ; Isoelectric Focusing ; Molecular Weight ; Nerve Growth Factors/isolation & purification/*pharmacology ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Spinal Cord/cytology
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  • 136
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    The murky world of toxicity testing (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1130-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857237" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Crime ; *Fraud ; Illinois ; Mice ; Pesticides/toxicity ; Rats ; *Toxicology ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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  • 137
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    The two sides of the brain (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):488-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6132445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Birds/physiology ; Dominance, Cerebral/*physiology ; Dyslexia/physiopathology ; Female ; Functional Laterality/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology ; Rats
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  • 138
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    Quaternary and quinternary structures of native chromatin DNA in liver nuclei: differential scanning calorimetry (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-14
    Description: Differential scanning calorimetry of chromatin isolated from rat liver cells revealed three discrete thermal transitions whose temperatures and melting enthalpies depend on ionic strength in the range 0 to 600 millimolar NaCl. Intact nuclei showed a fourth thermal transition at a lower temperature and different melting enthalpies for the other three transitions still present at temperatures similar to those obtained in isolated chromatin. The data are discussed in terms of the tertiary, quaternary, and quinternary structures of chromatin DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nicolini, C -- Trefiletti, V -- Cavazza, B -- Cuniberti, C -- Patrone, E -- Carlo, P -- Brambilla, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 14;219(4581):176-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calorimetry ; Cattle ; Cell Nucleus/*ultrastructure ; Chromatin/*ultrastructure ; Liver/ultrastructure ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Rats ; Sodium Chloride ; Thermodynamics ; Thymus Gland
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  • 139
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    Normalizing effect of an adrenocorticotropic hormone (4-9) analog ORG 2766 on disturbed social behavior in rats (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-02
    Description: Short-term isolation increased the frequency of social interactions in rats tested in pairs, while pairs of rats placed in an unfamiliar test cage and subjected to a high level of illumination spent less time in active social contact. These changes in social behavior elicited by environmental manipulations were counteracted by treatment with the adrenocorticotropic hormone (4-9) analog ORG 2766. The peptide's normalizing effect may be mediated by endogenous opioid systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Niesink, R J -- van Ree, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 2;221(4614):960-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6308767" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endorphins/physiology ; Humans ; Naltrexone/pharmacology ; Peptide Fragments/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Rats ; *Social Behavior ; Social Behavior Disorders/drug therapy
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  • 140
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    Drug transforms transplant medicine (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):40-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6407111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy ; Cyclosporins/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Graft Rejection/drug effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular/drug effects ; Parasitic Diseases/drug therapy ; Rats ; Transplantation
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  • 141
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    Normalization of depressed heart function in rats by ribose (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: Severe constriction of the abdominal aorta and simultaneous injection of isoproterenol in rats induced depression in heart function and reductions in cardiac adenosine triphosphate and total adenine nucleotides. When ribose was continuously infused for 24 hours, biosynthesis of cardiac adenine nucleotides was stimulated to such an extent that the reductions in adenosine triphosphate and total adenine nucleotides were prevented and left ventricular hemodynamic parameters were normal. These results support the hypothesis that adenosine triphosphate is primarily responsible for depression in myocardial contractility and that ribose is cardioprotective through its pronounced effects on adenine nucleotide metabolism in heart muscle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, H G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 1;220(4592):81-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6402820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine Nucleotides/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/physiology ; Animals ; Aorta, Abdominal/physiology ; Heart/drug effects/physiology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Myocardial Contraction/*drug effects ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Ribose/*pharmacology
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  • 142
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    Light and agonists alter pineal N-acetyltransferase induction by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide stimulated serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity in rat pineal glands in organ culture by a postsynaptic action that was independent of the beta-receptor. The magnitude of stimulation could be altered by environmental lighting conditions and by prior exposure to the agonist. Such up- and down-regulation, well known for catecholaminergic stimulation of this system, is compatible with a possible control of the pineal by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide as well as by catecholamines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yuwiler, A -- RR 05756/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1082-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6844931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/*metabolism ; Animals ; Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Hormones/*pharmacology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; *Lighting ; Male ; Pineal Gland/drug effects/*enzymology/radiation effects ; Propranolol/pharmacology ; Rats ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/*pharmacology
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  • 143
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    Ionizing radiation decreases veratridine-stimulated uptake of sodium in rat brain synaptosomes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: Veratridine-stimulated uptake of sodium-22 in brain synaptosomes was significantly reduced by ionizing radiation over a dose range of 10 to 1000 rads. The response was dose-dependent and involved a decrease in the maximum effect of veratridine on uptake. The central nervous system may be more sensitive to ionizing radiation than generally thought, perhaps through a loss of the ability of the sodium channel to respond properly to stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wixon, H N -- Hunt, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1073-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/drug effects/*radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Ion Channels/drug effects/radiation effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sodium/*metabolism ; Synaptosomes/drug effects/*radiation effects ; Veratridine/*pharmacology ; Veratrine/*analogs & derivatives
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  • 144
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    alpha-Difluoromethylornithine-induced polyamine depletion of 9L tumor cells modifies drug-induced DNA cross-link formation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-09
    Description: Depletion of intracellular levels of polyamines, which are believed to have a role in the intranuclear stabilization of DNA, alters the cytotoxicity of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II in 9L rat brain tumor cells. Alkaline elution techniques were used to show that polyamine depletion alters the number of DNA cross-links formed by these cytotoxic agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tofilon, P J -- Deen, D F -- Marton, L J -- CA-09215/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-13525/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-31867/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 9;222(4628):1132-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6417790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carmustine/*pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cisplatin/*pharmacology ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; *DNA/radiation effects ; Eflornithine ; Ornithine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors ; Polyamines/antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats
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  • 145
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    Labeled putrescine as a probe in brain tumors (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-12
    Description: The polyamine metabolism of transplanted N-nitrosomethylurea-derived rat glioma was determined with radiolabeled putrescine used as a marker for malignancy. The uptake of putrescine in vivo was complete within 5 minutes and was specific for tumor tissue. The conversion of putrescine to spermine and other metabolites by the tumor was rapid, in contrast to the case for adjacent normal brain. These results suggest that putrescine labeled with carbon-11 may be used as a positron-emission tomographic tracer for the selective metabolic imaging of brain tumor and may be used in an appropriate model as a marker for tumor growth rate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Volkow, N -- Goldman, S S -- Flamm, E S -- Cravioto, H -- Wolf, A P -- Brodie, J D -- NS15638/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- S07RR05399/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):673-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6603020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Brain Neoplasms/*radionuclide imaging ; Glioma/radionuclide imaging ; Kinetics ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; *Putrescine/metabolism ; Rats ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
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  • 146
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    High fetal estrogen concentrations: correlation with increased adult sexual activity and decreased aggression in male mice (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-17
    Description: In the house mouse (Mus musculus), fetuses may develop in utero next to siblings of the same or opposite sex. The amniotic fluid of the female fetuses contains higher concentrations of estradiol than that of male fetuses. Male fetuses that developed in utero between female fetuses had higher concentrations of estradiol in their amniotic fluid than males that were located between other male fetuses during intrauterine development. They were also more sexually active as adults, less aggressive, and had smaller seminal vesicles than males that had developed between other male fetuses in utero. These findings raise the possibility that during fetal life circulating estrogens may interact with circulating androgens both in regulating the development of sex differences between males and females and in producing variation in phenotype among males and among females.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉vom Saal, F S -- Grant, W M -- McMullen, C W -- Laves, K S -- MH35079/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RR07053/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 17;220(4603):1306-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*drug effects ; Amniotic Fluid/analysis ; Animals ; Estradiol/analysis/*pharmacology/physiology ; Female ; Fetus/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sex Differentiation/drug effects ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*drug effects/physiology ; Testosterone/analysis/pharmacology
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  • 147
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    Spontaneous orofacial dyskinesia and dopaminergic function in rats after 6 months of neuroleptic treatment (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: A syndrome of spontaneous orofacial dyskinesia was identified in groups of rats treated for 6 months with a wide range of neuroleptic drugs. Phenothiazines, thioxanthenes, and substituted benzamides were particularly likely to induce the syndrome. It was observed in the presence of a functional blockade of dopamine receptors and endured for at least 2.5 months after drug withdrawal. There was no relation between the syndrome and changes in striatal dopamine receptors, as indexed by the binding of tritiated spiperone and tritiated cis(Z)-flupenthixol. The syndrome parallels several of the features of clinical tardive dyskinesia, whose pathophysiology thus may not involve changes in the characteristics of striatal dopamine receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waddington, J L -- Cross, A J -- Gamble, S J -- Bourne, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):530-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6132447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/*adverse effects ; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/*etiology ; Fluphenazine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/analogs & derivatives ; Haloperidol/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Dopamine/*drug effects/physiology
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  • 148
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    Differential effects of classical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on A9 and A10 dopamine neurons (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: Prolonged treatment with classical antipsychotic drugs decreased the number of spontaneously active dopamine neurons in both the substantia nigra (A9) and the ventral tegmental area (A10) of the rat brain. In contrast, treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs selectively decreased the number of A10 dopamine neurons. Related drugs lacking antipsychotic efficacy failed to decrease dopamine activity. These findings suggest that the inability of atypical antipsychotic drugs to decrease A9 dopamine neuronal activity may be related to their lower potential for causing tardive dyskinesia and that the inactivation of A10 neurons may be involved in the delayed onset of therapeutic effects during treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, F J -- Wang, R Y -- MH 00378/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-34424/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1054-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6136093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Male ; Metoclopramide/pharmacology ; Mice ; Neurons/metabolism ; Pons/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Substantia Nigra/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 149
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    Dynorphin-A-(1-8) is contained within vasopressin neurosecretory vesicles in rat pituitary (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-09
    Description: Dynorphin-A-(1-8), an opioid peptide widely distributed in the rat central nervous system, is present in vasopressin-containing neurosecretory cells terminating in the neural lobe of the pituitary. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry reveals that dynorphin-A-(1-8) is contained within the same neurosecretory vesicles as vasopressin and vasopressin-associated neurophysin in the neural lobe of the rat. The results indicate that dynorphin may be released in the pituitary concomitantly with vasopressin during the antidiuretic response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitnall, M H -- Gainer, H -- Cox, B M -- Molineaux, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 9;222(4628):1137-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6648526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism ; *Dynorphins ; Endorphins/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/*metabolism ; Pituitary Gland, Posterior/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Synaptic Vesicles/metabolism ; Vasopressins/*metabolism
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  • 150
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    Stimulation of catecholamine secretion by choline (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wurtman, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 14;222(4620):188.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catecholamines/*secretion ; Choline/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Secretory Rate/drug effects
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