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  • Chemistry  (71,291)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (9,052)
  • SPACE SCIENCES  (6,789)
  • 1980-1984  (36,838)
  • 1970-1974  (39,882)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
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    Rational approaches to chemotherapy: antisickling agents (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klotz, I M -- Haney, D N -- King, L C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 14;213(4509):724-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/*drug therapy ; Aspirin/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Hemoglobin, Sickle ; Humans ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Protein Conformation ; Salicylates/*therapeutic use ; Solubility ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Alpha-substituted gamma-butyrolactones: new class of anticonvulsant drugs (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-10
    Description: Alkyl-Substituted gamma-butyrolactones were synthesized and tested for their convulsant and anticonvulsant actions in mice and guinea pigs. The alpha-substituted compounds, alpha, alpha-dimethyl-, and alpha-ethyl-alpha-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone were anticonvulsant compounds with a spectrum of activity similar to that of ethosuximide. In contrast, beta-substituted compounds were convulsant agents similar to picrotoxinin. The alpha-substituted-gama-butyrolactones represent a new class of anticonvulsant drug with experimental and clinical potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klunk, W E -- McKeon, A -- Covey, D F -- Ferrendelli, J A -- GM-07200/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-24483/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS-14834/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 10;217(4564):1040-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6810462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives/*therapeutic use/toxicity ; Animals ; *Anticonvulsants ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Convulsants ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy, Absence/drug therapy ; Ethosuximide/pharmacology ; *Furans/*therapeutic use ; Guinea Pigs ; Mice ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Trimethadione/pharmacology
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  • 3
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    Phase transition and crystal structure of the 37 degrees C form of cholesterol (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Crystalline cholesterol undergoes a phase transition a few degrees below human body temperature. The high-temperature form has an unusually complex structure with 16 independent molecules. In the transition two molecules change side chain conformation, four reorient about their long axes, and ten remain unchanged. The transition mechanism implies relatively nonspecific intermolecular interactions, qualitatively consistent with the behavior of cholesterol in biomembranes. The transition preserves a remarkably closely obeyed pseudosymmetry present in the structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, L Y -- Nordman, C E -- GM15259/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):604-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Temperature ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Cholesterol ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Conformation
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  • 4
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    Cytochrome a3 structure in carbon monoxide-bound cytochrome oxidase (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-20
    Description: The iron-carbon monoxide stretching mode and the iron-carbon-oxygen bending mode in carbon monoxide-bound cytochrome oxidase have been assigned at 520 and 578 cm-1, respectively. The frequencies, widths, and intensities of these modes show that the Fe-C-O grouping in carbon monoxide-cytochrome a3 is linear but tilted from the normal to the heme plane; that the iron-histidine bond in both five- and six-coordinate cytochrome a3 is strained; and that the carbon monoxide and the proximal histidine each have characteristic, well-defined orientations in all molecules. These data can account for the binding affinities of carbon monoxide and dioxygen under physiological conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Argade, P V -- Ching, Y C -- Rousseau, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 20;225(4659):329-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6330890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Monoxide/metabolism ; Cattle ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*metabolism ; Myoglobin/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
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  • 5
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    Leukotrienes: mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflammation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Arachidonic acid plays a central role in a biological control system where such oxygenated derivatives as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are mediators. The leukotrienes are formed by transformation of arachidonic acid into an unstable epoxide intermediate, leukotriene A4, which can be converted enzymatically by hydration to leukotriene B4, and by addition of glutathione to leukotriene C4. This last compound is metabolized to leukotrienes D4 and E4 by successive elimination of a gamma-glutamyl residue and glycine. Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis consists of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4. The cysteinyl-containing leukotrienes are potent bronchoconstrictors, increase vascular permeability in postcapillary venules, and stimulate mucus secretion. Leukotriene B4 causes adhesion and chemotactic movement of leukocytes and stimulates aggregation, enzyme release, and generation of superoxide in neutrophils. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, which are released from the lung tissue of asthmatic subjects exposed to specific allergens, seem to play a pathophysiological role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. These leukotrienes, as well as leukotriene B4, have pro-inflammatory effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samuelsson, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):568-75.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism/pharmacology/physiology ; Bronchi/drug effects ; Cats ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cricetinae ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*physiopathology ; Inflammation/*physiopathology ; Leukocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Leukotriene B4/pharmacology/*physiology ; Mice ; Microcirculation/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; SRS-A/*physiology
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  • 6
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    Amphiphilic secondary structure: design of peptide hormones (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-20
    Description: Peptide synthesis can be used for elucidating the roles of secondary structures in the specificity of hormones, antigens, and toxins. Intermediate sized peptides with these activities assume amphiphilic secondary structures in the presence of membranes. When models are designed to optimize the amphiphilicity of the secondary structure, stronger interactions can be observed with the synthetic peptides than with the naturally occurring analogs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, E T -- Kezdy, F J -- HL-18577/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 20;223(4633):249-55.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6322295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoproteins ; Binding Sites ; Calcitonin ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Endorphins ; Glucagon ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone ; *Hormones/pharmacology ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Melitten ; Models, Structural ; *Peptides/chemical synthesis/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; beta-Endorphin
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  • 7
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    Fourier transform mass spectrometry (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-19
    Description: Fourier transform mass spectrometry will play an important role in the future because of its unique combination of high mass resolution, high upper mass limit, and multichannel advantage. These features have already found application in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, multiphoton ionization, laser desorption, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. However, its most notable feature is the ability to store ions. This characteristic, when combined with the others, will allow expeditious study of the interaction of gas-phase ions with both photons (photodissociation) and neutral molecules, and the convenient application of this fundamental information for chemical analysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gross, M L -- Rempel, D L -- 2-8423576/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 19;226(4672):261-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6385250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Fourier Analysis ; Ions ; Lasers ; *Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation/methods
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  • 8
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    Studying enzyme mechanism by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: High-resolution carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of enzyme-inhibitor and enzyme-substrate complexes provide detailed structural and stereochemical information on the mechanism of enzyme action. The proteases trypsin and papain are shown to form tetrahedrally coordinated complexes and acyl derivatives with a variety of compounds artificially enriched at the site or sites of interest. These results are compared with the structural information derived from x-ray diffraction. Detailed NMR studies have provided a clearer picture of the ionization state of the residues participating in enzyme-catalyzed processes than other more classical techniques. The dynamics of enzymic catalysis can be observed at sub-zero temperatures by a combination of cryoenzymology and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. With these powerful techniques, transient, covalently bound intermediates in enzyme-catalyzed reactions can be detected and their structures rigorously assigned.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mackenzie, N E -- Malthouse, J P -- Scott, A I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):883-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6433481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Carbon Isotopes ; Carboxypeptidases/metabolism ; Carboxypeptidases A ; Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Coenzymes/*metabolism ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; Freezing ; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Papain/metabolism ; Pepsin A/metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors ; Pterins/metabolism ; Pyridoxal Phosphate/metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases
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  • 9
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    What is the risk from chlorofluorocarbons? (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maugh, T H 2nd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 9;223(4640):1051-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6695193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Air Pollutants ; *Atmosphere ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane ; Free Radicals ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; *Ozone ; Photochemistry ; Risk ; Singlet Oxygen ; Trichloroethanes ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Pyrolysis mass spectrometry of complex organic materials (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-19
    Description: Pyrolysis mass spectrometry in combination with computerized multivariate statistical analysis enables qualitative and quantitative analysis of nonvolatile organic materials containing molecular assemblies of a complexity and size far beyond the capabilities of direct mass spectrometry. The state of the art in pyrolysis mass spectrometry techniques is illustrated through specific applications, including structural determination and quality control of synthetic polymers, quantitative analysis of polymer mixtures, classification and structural characterization of fossil organic matter, and nonsupervised numerical extraction of component patterns from complex biological samples.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meuzelaar, H L -- Windig, W -- Harper, A M -- Huff, S M -- McClennen, W H -- Richards, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 19;226(4672):268-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6484572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemical Phenomena ; Biochemistry ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Coal ; Enterobacteriaceae/analysis/isolation & purification ; Hot Temperature ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Polymers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Lariat RNA's as intermediates and products in the splicing of messenger RNA precursors (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: The splicing of messenger RNA precursors in vitro proceeds through an intermediate that has the 5' end of the intervening sequence joined to a site near the 3' splice site. This lariat structure, which has been characterized for an adenovirus 2 major late transcript, has a branch point, with 2'-5' and 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds emanating from a single adenosine residue. The excised intervening sequence retains the branch site and terminates in a guanosine residue with a 3' hydroxyl group. The phosphate group at the splice junction between the two exons originates from the 3' splice site at the precursor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Padgett, R A -- Konarska, M M -- Grabowski, P J -- Hardy, S F -- Sharp, P A -- P01-CA14051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA26717/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM32467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):898-903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6206566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/analysis/*metabolism ; Oligoribonucleotides/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; RNA/analysis/*metabolism ; RNA Precursors ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/*metabolism ; RNA, Viral/analysis/*metabolism
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  • 12
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    beta-Carotene: an unusual type of lipid antioxidant (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-11
    Description: The mechanism of lipid peroxidation and the manner in which antioxidants function is reviewed. beta-Carotene is a purported anticancer agent, which is believed by some to have antioxidant action of a radical-trapping type. However, definitive experimental support for such action has been lacking. New experiments in vitro show that beta-carotene belongs to a previously unknown class of biological antioxidants. Specifically, it exhibits good radical-trapping antioxidant behavior only at partial pressures of oxygen significantly less than 150 torr, the pressure of oxygen in normal air. Such low oxygen partial pressures are found in most tissues under physiological conditions. At higher oxygen pressures, beta-carotene loses its antioxidant activity and shows an autocatalytic, prooxidant effect, particularly at relatively high concentrations. Similar oxygen-pressure-dependent behavior may be shown by other compounds containing many conjugated double bonds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burton, G W -- Ingold, K U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 11;224(4649):569-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6710156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antioxidants/*metabolism ; Carotenoids/*metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Linoleic Acids/metabolism ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Partial Pressure ; Peroxides/metabolism ; Tetrahydronaphthalenes/metabolism ; beta Carotene
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  • 13
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    Bromine residue at hydrophilic region influences biological activity of aplysiatoxin, a tumor promoter (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-16
    Description: Aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin, which are isolated from the seaweed, Lyngbya gracilis, differ in their chemical structure only by the presence or absence of a bromine residue in the hydrophilic region. The function and the structure-activity relation of the hydrophilic region are not known. Aplysiatoxin increased malignant transformation, stimulated DNA synthesis, and inhibited the binding of phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and epidermal growth factor to cell receptors. Debromoaplysiatoxin inhibited the binding of these two substances as strongly as aplysiatoxin but did not increase malignant transformation or stimulate DNA synthesis. These results indicate that a slight change in the chemical structure of the hydrophilic region of aplysiatoxin affects its abilities to increase cell transformation and stimulate DNA synthesis and that the abilities of the tumor promoters to inhibit the binding of phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and epidermal growth factor are dissociable from their abilities to increase cell transformation and stimulate DNA synthesis under some circumstances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimomura, K -- Mullinix, M G -- Kakunaga, T -- Fujiki, H -- Sugimura, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 16;222(4629):1242-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6316505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Carcinogens/*pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Lactones/analysis/*pharmacology ; *Lyngbya Toxins ; Mice ; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate ; Phorbol Esters/metabolism ; *Protein Kinase C ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; *Receptors, Drug ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 14
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    Phenylalanine transfer RNA: molecular dynamics simulation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-16
    Description: Yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA was subjected to a 12-picosecond molecular dynamics simulation. The principal features of the x-ray crystallographic analysis are reproduced, and the amplitudes of atomic displacements appear to be determined by the degree of exposure of the atoms. An analysis of the hydrogen bonds shows a correlation between the average length of a bond and the fluctuation in that length and reveals a rocking motion of bases in Watson-Crick guanine X cytosine base pairs. The in-plane motions of the bases are generally of larger amplitude than the out-of-plane motions, and there are correlations in the motions of adjacent bases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvey, S C -- Prabhakaran, M -- Mao, B -- McCammon, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 16;223(4641):1189-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6560785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Computers ; Cytosine ; Guanine ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *RNA, Fungal ; *RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl ; Yeasts/analysis
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  • 15
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    Reaction of the antitumor antibiotic CC-1065 with DNA: structure of a DNA adduct with DNA sequence specificity (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: Sequence-dependent variations in DNA revealed by x-ray crystallographic studies have suggested that certain DNA-reactive drugs may react preferentially with defined sequences in DNA. Drugs that wind around the helix and reside within one of the grooves of DNA have perhaps the greatest chance of recognizing sequence-dependent features of DNA. The antitumor antibiotic CC-1065 covalently binds through N-3 of adenine and resides within the minor groove of DNA. This drug overlaps with five base pairs for which a high sequence specificity exists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurley, L H -- Reynolds, V L -- Swenson, D H -- Petzold, G L -- Scahill, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):843-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6494915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/*metabolism ; *Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/*metabolism ; *Indoles ; Leucomycins/*metabolism ; Molecular Conformation ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 16
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    Allylamine derivatives: new class of synthetic antifungal agents inhibiting fungal squalene epoxidase (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-15
    Description: A new class of synthetic antifungal agents, the allylamines , has been developed by modification of naftifine , a topical antimycotic. SF 86-327, the most effective of these compounds so far, is highly active in vitro against a wide range of fungi and exceeds clinical standards in the oral and topical treatment of guinea pig dermatophytoses. SF 86-327 is a powerful specific inhibitor of fungal squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in sterol biosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petranyi, G -- Ryder, N S -- Stutz, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 15;224(4654):1239-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6547247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allylamine/analogs & derivatives/*chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Amines/*chemical synthesis ; Animals ; Antifungal Agents/*chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Dermatomycoses/drug therapy ; Fungi/*drug effects/enzymology ; Guinea Pigs ; Naphthalenes/chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Oxygenases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Squalene Monooxygenase
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Disulfide bond engineered into T4 lysozyme: stabilization of the protein toward thermal inactivation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-02
    Description: By recombinant DNA techniques, a disulfide bond was introduced at a specific site in T4 lysozyme, a disulfide-free enzyme. This derivative retained full enzymatic activity and was more stable toward thermal inactivation than the wild-type protein. The derivative, T4 lysozyme (Ile3----Cys), was prepared by substituting a Cys codon for an Ile codon at position 3 in the cloned lysozyme gene by means of oligonucleotide-dependent, site-directed mutagenesis. The new gene was expressed in Escherichia coli under control of the (trp-lac) hybrid tac promoter, and the protein was purified. Mild oxidation generated a disulfide bond between the new Cys3 and Cys97, one of the two unpaired cysteines of the native molecule. Oxidized T4 lysozyme (Ile3----Cys) exhibited specific activity identical to that of the wild-type enzyme when measured at 20 degrees C in a cell-clearing assay. The cross-linked protein was more stable than the wild type during incubation at elevated temperatures as determined by recovered enzymatic activity at 20 degrees C.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perry, L J -- Wetzel, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 2;226(4674):555-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6387910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; *Genetic Engineering ; Kinetics ; Muramidase/*genetics/metabolism ; Protein Denaturation
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  • 18
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    DNA-binding proteins (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: The structures of three proteins that regulate gene expression have been determined recently and suggest how these proteins may bind to their specific recognition sites on the DNA. One protein (Cro) is a repressor of gene expression, the second (CAP) usually stimulates gene expression, and the third (lambda repressor) can act as either a repressor or an activator. The three proteins contain a substructure consisting of two consecutive alpha helices that is virtually identical in each case. Structural and amino acid sequence comparisons suggest that this bihelical fold occurs in a number of proteins that regulate gene expression, and is an intrinsic part of the DNA-protein recognition event. The modes of repression and activation by Cro and lambda repressor are understood reasonably well, but the mode of action of CAP is still unclear.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeda, Y -- Ohlendorf, D H -- Anderson, W F -- Matthews, B W -- GM20066/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM28138/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM30894/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1020-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6308768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *DNA Helicases ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Models, Chemical ; Protein Conformation
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  • 19
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    A nitrogen pressure of 50 atmospheres does not prevent evolution of hydrogen by nitrogenase (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-08
    Description: The effect of a partial pressure of nitrogen of 50 atmospheres (5065 kilopascals ) on the hydrogen evolution reaction of nitrogenase has been investigated. Evolution of hydrogen was not blocked completely by 50 atmospheres of nitrogen in any of four experiments; rather, 27.3 +/- 2.4 percent of the total electron flux through nitrogenase was directed toward production of hydrogen. The ratio of hydrogen evolved to nitrogen fixed was close to 1:1, which implies that hydrogen evolution is obligatory in the fixation of molecular nitrogen by nitrogenase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simpson, F B -- Burris, R H -- AI-00848/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 8;224(4653):1095-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6585956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Hydrogen ; *Nitrogen ; Nitrogen Fixation ; *Nitrogenase ; Partial Pressure
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  • 20
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    Nonvolatile mutagens in drinking water: production by chlorination and destruction by sulfite (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: In concentrates of water produced in a laboratory simulation of a drinking water treatment process, direct-acting, nonvolatile mutagens were readily detected by means of the Ames Salmonella test. The mutagens were shown to be produced by the chlorination process. Treatment of the water with chloramine resulted in less mutagenic activity than treatment with free chlorine. Dechlorination of drinking water with sulfite sharply reduced the mutagenic activity. Treatment with sulfur dioxide is proposed as an effective, inexpensive method of reducing the direct-acting mutagenic activity of drinking water and of aqueous industrial effluents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheh, A M -- Skochdopole, J -- Koski, P -- Cole, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):90-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6985746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chloramines ; Chlorine ; Mutagens/*analysis ; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics ; Sulfites ; Water Pollutants/*analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis ; Water Supply/*analysis
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  • 21
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    Automated synthesis of gene fragments (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-10-16
    Description: The DNA/RNA Synthesizer provides a complete and automated procedure for the synthesis of DNA sequences. Each base unit is added in a 30-minute cycle, permitting a tetradecamer to be constructed in 6 1/2 hours. The complete procedure is described, including a practical procedure for isolation and purification of the desired DNA sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alvarado-Urbina, G -- Sathe, G M -- Liu, W C -- Gillen, M F -- Duck, P D -- Bender, R -- Ogilvie, K K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 16;214(4518):270-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6169150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Automation ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/*chemical synthesis ; *Genes, Synthetic ; RNA/*chemical synthesis ; Solubility
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  • 22
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    Chitin: New facets of research (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: Research on chitin as a marine resource is pointing to novel applications for this cellulose-like biopolymer. Discovery of nondegrading solvent systems has permitted the spinning of filaments, for example, for use as surgical sutures. New methods for preparing the bioactive alkyl glycoside of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (the monomer unit of chitin) and a microcrystalline chitin has encouraged their use as promoters for growth of bifidobacteria and as an aid in digestion of high-lactose cheese whey by domestic animals. Chitin-protein complexes of several crustacean species show great variability in ratios of chitin to covalently bound protein and in residual protein in the "purified" chitins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Austin, P R -- Brine, C J -- Castle, J E -- Zikakis, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):749-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Feed ; Animals ; Cheese ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chickens ; *Chitin ; Crystallography ; Lactose/metabolism ; Proteins/analysis ; Sutures ; *Technology
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  • 23
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    DNA sequencing and gene structure (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1305-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/*genetics ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; *Genes ; Hydrazines ; Lac Operon ; Methylation ; Prokaryotic Cells/physiology ; Sulfuric Acid Esters
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  • 24
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    Boradeption: a new procedure for transferring water-insoluble agents across cell membranes (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-09
    Description: A new process has been developed which is called "Boradeption" to signify boronic acid--dependent phase transfer of water-insoluble agents. Highly fluorescent boronic acid dervatives, FluoroBoras, are solubilized with a physiologically compatible carrier buffer containing a receptor group for boronate adduct formation. The system can be used to stain living cells. In another variation of the Boradeption concept, an insoluble reporter molecule containing a boronate receptor is solubilized with a carrier buffer containing a boronic acid functional group. The boronate-receptor complexes, which are in dynamic equilibrium, can be designed as vital stains and reagents for a variety of biological and medical applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallop, P M -- Paz, M A -- Henson, E -- AG-00376-07/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HL-20764-04A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 9;217(4555):166-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6178158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Transport ; *Boron Compounds/therapeutic use ; *Boronic Acids/therapeutic use ; *Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chromogenic Compounds/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Fibroblasts ; Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism ; Humans ; Rats ; Staining and Labeling
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    Reversible chemical modification of the scrapie agent (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-11
    Description: The scrapie agent causes a degenerative nervous system disease in sheep and goats. Studies with extensively purified preparations demonstrated that the agent contains a protein that is required for infectivity. Chemical modification of the scrapie agent by diethyl pyrocarbonate reduced the titer 1000-fold. Exposure of the inactivated agent to hydroxylamine, a strong nucleophile, resulted in complete restoration of infectivity. Presumably, nucleophilic residues within a scrapie agent protein undergo carbethoxylation on reaction with diethyl pyrocarbonate, and subsequent addition of hydroxylamine displaces these carbethoxy groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKinley, M P -- Masiarz, F R -- Prusiner, S B -- NS14069/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 11;214(4526):1259-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6795721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; Brain/microbiology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cricetinae ; Diethyl Pyrocarbonate/pharmacology ; Histidine/pharmacology ; *Prions ; Ribonucleases/pharmacology ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/pharmacology ; Viral Proteins/*isolation & purification/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 26
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    Nonenzymatic browning in vivo: possible process for aging of long-lived proteins (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: The incubation of lens proteins with reducing sugars leads to the formation of fluorescent yellow pigments and cross-like similar to those reported in aging and cataractous human lenses. Called nonenzymatic browning or the Maillard reaction, this aging process also occurs in stored foods. Reducing sugars condense with the free amino group of proteins, then rearrange and dehydrate to form unsaturated pigments and cross-linked products. Although most proteins in living systems turn over with sufficient rapidity to avoid nonenzymatic browning, some, such as lens crystallins and skin collagen, are exceptionally long-lived and may be vulnerable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monnier, V M -- Cerami, A -- AM 19655/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):491-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6779377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cattle ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Crystallins ; Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology ; Glucose ; Glucosephosphates ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lysine ; *Proteins ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
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    The National Science Foundation looks to the future (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: Great advances have been made in fundamental scientific research in recent years. The new knowledge gathered, in addition to deepening our understanding of the physical universe, contributes a range of abilities and opportunities to society that would not otherwise be available. Much research that may be called applied because it addresses needs of society is quite fundamental in character, and support of such research at the National Science Foundation is to be handled in tandem by the research directorates. Other areas that require a refocusing of support are engineering science and education, at all levels, in science and engineering. Increasing our strength in these areas is essential to achieve our national economic, social, and political goals. Steps are being taken by the National Science Foundation to make its structure better able to deal with engineering and applied research and to provide greater mutual reinforcement between applied and basic research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slaughter, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1131-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Biology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Forecasting ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; *Government Agencies ; Molecular Biology ; Neurochemistry ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 28
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    New chemistry of an old molecule: cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: The discovery that cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) has clinically useful antitumor properties and can form platinum blues spawned an extensive investigation of its chemistry in water. Several new molecules have been synthesized, some rather old ones have been characterized for the first time, and clues have begun to emerge about the chemical interaction of cis-DDP with its likely biological target, DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lippard, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1075-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6890712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Cisplatin ; *Dna ; Hydrolysis ; Pigments, Biological
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  • 29
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    The chemistry of vision (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-12-03
    Description: The visual response is initiated by light reception and transduction into chemical and electrical energy in the outer-segment membranes of rod and cone cells. Recent research on the molecular events controlled by light has clarified the roles of some of the rod outer-segment biomolecules. These developments and the current unresolved questions are described.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, D F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 3;218(4576):961-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6291153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Proteins/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzymes/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Light ; Membranes/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/biosynthesis ; Photoreceptor Cells/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/metabolism ; Rod Cell Outer Segment/*metabolism ; Vision, Ocular/*physiology
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  • 30
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    Antiviral agents (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krenitsky, T A -- Beauchamp, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyclovir/metabolism ; *Antiviral Agents/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Humans ; Vidarabine/metabolism
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  • 31
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    Metastable species of hemoglobin: room temperature transients and cryogenically trapped intermediates (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Resonance Raman spectra of photolyzed carbonmonoxyhemoglobin obtained with 10-nanosecond pulses are compared with the spectra of photolyzed carbonmonoxyhemoglobin stabilized at 80 K. In comparing the deoxy with the photodissociated species, the changes in the Raman spectra are the same for these two experimental regimes. These results show that at ambient and cryogenic temperatures the heme pocket in liganded hemoglobin is significantly different from that of deoxyhemoglobin. It is concluded that measurements of the properties of intermediate species from photodissociated hemoglobin stabilized at low temperatures can be used to probe the short-lived metastable forms of hemoglobin present after photodissociation under biologically relevant solution conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ondrias, M R -- Friedman, J M -- Rousseau, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):615-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carboxyhemoglobin ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Freezing ; *Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Ligands ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Temperature
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  • 32
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    Irreversible ligands with high selectivity toward delta and mu opiate receptors (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Alkylating agents that display strong selectivity for opiate receptor types delta or mu were prepared by appropriate modification of the structures of the strong analgesics fentanyl, etonitazene, and endoethenotetrahydrooripavine. The availability of these substances should facilitate studies of the structural basis of receptor specificity and of the physiologic roles of these receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, K C -- Jacobson, A E -- Burke, T R Jr -- Bajwa, B S -- Streaty, R A -- Klee, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):314-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6132444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkylation ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Brain/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Enkephalin, Methionine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Fentanyl/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; *Isothiocyanates ; Ligands ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism/physiology ; Thebaine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
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  • 33
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    Trace chemistries of fire: a source of chlorinated dioxins (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bumb, R R -- Crummett, W B -- Cutie, S S -- Gledhill, J R -- Hummel, R H -- Kagel, R O -- Lamparski, L L -- Luoma, E V -- Miller, D L -- Nestrick, T J -- Shadoff, L A -- Stehl, R H -- Woods, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct;210(4468):385-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6159682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/analysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; *Dioxins/analysis ; *Fires ; Power Plants ; Smoke/analysis ; Soil Pollutants/analysis ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/analysis ; Vehicle Emissions/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Synthetic competitive antagonists of corticotropin-releasing factor: effect on ACTH secretion in the rat (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: Polypeptide analogs of the known members of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family were synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo for enhanced potency or competitive antagonism. Predictive methods and physicochemical measurements had suggested an internal secondary alpha-helical conformation spanning about 25 residues for at least three members of the CRF family. Maximization of alpha-helix-forming potential by amino acid substitutions from the native known sequences (rat/human and ovine CRF, sauvagine, and carp and sucker urotensin 1) led to the synthesis of an analog that was found to be more than twice as potent as either of the parent peptides in vitro. In contrast, certain amino-terminally shortened fragments, such as alpha-helical CRF or ovine CRF residues 8 to 41, 9 to 41, and 10 to 41, were found to be competitive inhibitors in vitro. Selected antagonists were examined and also found to be active in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rivier, J -- Rivier, C -- Vale, W -- AA03504/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AM20917/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):889-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6326264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/secretion ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 35
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    Total and spectral solar irradiance measured at ground surface (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This paper presents the results of a series of total and spectral solar irradiance measurements made at ground surface (Table Mountain Facility, Calif., altitude 2.18 km). The spectral irradiance data are presented for the 0.3-3.0-micron spectral region for air mass 1.5.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 21; 3, Fe
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    Organic geochemistry of Early Precambrian sediments (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-21
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Life Sci. Publ., Vol. 2; 11 p
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  • 37
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    Preliminary examination of lunar samples (1970)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-21
    Description: Geochemical and minerological analyses of Apollo 12 soil and rock samples
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: APOLLO 12- PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1 JUN. 1970; P 189-216
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  • 38
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    Preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 12 landing site. Part B - Photometric and polarimetric properties of the lunar regolith (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-06
    Description: Photometric and polarimetric properties of Apollo 12 and Surveyor 3 landing sites
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER APOLLO 12- PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1 JUN. 1970; P 157-161
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  • 39
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    Preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 12 landing site. Part C - Mechanical properties of the lunar regolith (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-06
    Description: Soil mechanics of regolith around Apollo 12 landing site
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER APOLLO 12- PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1 JUN. 1970; P 161-182
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  • 40
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    Preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 12 landing site. Part A - Geology of the Apollo 12 landing site (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-06
    Description: Apollo 12 landing site geology and topography
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER APOLLO 12- PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1 JUN. 1970; P 113-156
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  • 41
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    Passive seismic experiment (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-06
    Description: Apollo 12 passive seismometer design and signal interpretation
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: APOLLO 12- PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1 JUN. 1970; P 39-53
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  • 42
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    Lunar surface magnetometer experiment (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-06
    Description: Apollo 12 magnetometer data and selenomagnetic field determinations
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: APOLLO 12- PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1 JUN. 1970; P 55-73
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  • 43
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    Photographic summary of the Apollo 12 mission (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-06
    Description: Apollo 12 photographs from lunar orbit, EVA, and transearth flight
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 12- PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1 JUN. 1970; P 7-27
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  • 44
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    Crew observations (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-06
    Description: Apollo 12 crew observations of moon, earth, lunar surface geology, and EVA
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 12- PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1 JUN. 1970; P 29-38
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  • 45
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    Preliminary results from Surveyor 3 analysis (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-01
    Description: Engineering and scientific analysis of Surveyor 3 dust, TV camera, and structural components
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: APOLLO 12- PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1 JUN. 1970; P 217-223
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  • 46
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    Apollo 16 landing site: Summary of earth based remote sensing data, part W (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Infrared and radar studies of the Apollo 16 landing site are summarized. Correlations and comparisons between earth based remote sensing data, IR observations, and other data are discussed in detail. Remote sensing studies were devoted to solving two problems: (1) determining the physical difference between Cayley and Descartes geologic units near the landing site; and (2) determining the nature of the bright unit of Descartes mountain material.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 5 p
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  • 47
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    The Alhazen to Abul Wafa swirl belt: An extensive field of light colored, sinuous markings, part T (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Problematic causes and characteristics of light colored sinuous markings on the lunar surface are explored. Two processes, exogenetic and endogenetic, are examined in detailed. During the endogenetic process it is suggested that impact ejecta deposition and surface disturbances cause the markings. During the endogenetic process, it is suggested that extrusive volcanism and sublimation and/or alteration cause the markings.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 48
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    Lunar volcanism: Fracture patterns and rilles in marginal premare craters, part R (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Probable causes, distributions, and nature of fracture patterns of Type 3 craters around the margins of major maria are investigated.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 1 p
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  • 49
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    Selected volcanic and surficial features, part O (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Metric camera photographs are used to analyze volcanic and surficial features of the lunar surface between Mare Smythii and King Crater. Patterns created by lava flows, ejecta blankets, impact debris, and fissures are discussed in detail. Possible causes of each phenomena are suggested.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 1 p
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  • 50
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    Crater morphometry, part L (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Morphometric analysis of lunar craters complements the more traditional photointerpretive study of crater morphology. A sampling is presented of morphometric results for five selected medium-sized craters photographed on the Apollo 16 mission: Madler, Langrenus B, Isidorus, Capella, and King. Apollo metric camera data present the first real opportunity to evaluate previous topographic measurements in terms of accuracy rather than in terms of precision. This method of generating crater measurements furnishes far more complete data than does the shadow-length method that yielded most of the previous morphometric information on lunar craters.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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    Reinterpretations of the northern Nectaris Basin, part F (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Photogeologic analysis was attempted on a strip of Apollo 16 metric photographs; the superior quality and stereographic properties of the photography permitted this reevaluation. Geologic contacts, as redrawn closely resemble those of earlier maps, but some differences resulted because of improved photographic quality and a conscious attempt to test fully the impact hypothesis. All or most of the nonmare material of the region of the northern Nectaris Basin rim can be explained by the formation of impact basins. This interpretation seems strained only for some irregular and clustered craters north of Mare Nectaris and for the southern facies of the Descartes material. If the latter material is shown to have been sampled and to be of impact origin, then extensive hill and crater-forming volcanic material of Imbrian or younger age probably does not exist on the lunar terra.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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    Color contrasts in Mare Nubium and the Southern Oceanus Procellarum, part V (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The distribution of subtle but definite color variations on the lunar surface is analyzed using Apollo 16 photographs. Results show the strongest color variations and most distinct boundaries are concentrated in the northwest quadrant of the moon, where major boundaries correspond with distal fronts of a complex and prominent series of lava flows.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 1 p
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    Mare ridges and arches in Southern Oceanus Procellarum, part S (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Stereoscopic lunar photographs were used to study the form of mare ridges and arches, their relative ages, and their association with fractures and sinuous rilles in the Southern Oceanus Procellarum.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 3 p
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    Lunar volcanism: Mare ridges and sinuous rilles, part P (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Additional evidence of the volcanic origin of mare ridges and sinuous rilles is provided by near-terminator photography of the Herigonius Rille area (12 deg S 37 deg W) northeast of Gassendi Crater. A possible genetic relationship between ridges and rilles is illustrated. From the figure, the following relationships are evident. (1) The most prominent rille crosses several ridges without distortion, which indicates that the mare ridges did not form after the sinuous rilles. (2) The rilles could not have formed by flow up and over the ridges. (3) The rilles extend from their widest ends toward distinctly lower elevations, and the largest one branches both north and south from the vent area. Elevations are evident in stereographic views that clearly indicate the local slopes. (4) The wider end of each rille is marked by an elongate vent (?) near the summit of the mare ridge from which the rille appears to issue. (5) The two most prominent rilles join south of the vent area and continue southward for more than 130 km.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 1 p
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    Artificial lunar impact craters: Four new identifications, part I (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo 16 panoramic camera photographed the impact locations of the Ranger 7 and 9 spacecraft and the S-4B stage of the Apollo 14 Saturn launch vehicle. Identification of the Ranger craters was very simple because each photographed its target point before impact. Identification of the S-4B impact crater proved to be a simple matter because the impact location, as derived from earth-based tracking, displayed a prominent and unique system of mixed light and dark rays. By using the criterion of a dark ray pattern, a reexamination of the Apollo 14 500 mm Hasselblad sequence taken of the Apollo 13 S-4B impact area was made. This examination quickly led to the discovery of the ray system and the impact crater. The study of artificial lunar impact craters, ejecta blankets, and ray systems provides the long-needed link between the various experimental terrestrial impact and explosion craters, and the naturally occurring impact craters on the moon. This elementary study shows that lunar impact crater diameters are closely predictable from a knowledge of the energies involved, at least in the size range considered, and suggests that parameters, such as velocity, may have a profound effect on crater morphology and ejecta blanket albedo.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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    Structural aspects of Imbrium sculpture, part G (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Apollo 16 metric photographs taken at low to high sun angles provided the first stereographic coverage of the distinctive landforms collectively referred to as Imbrium sculpture. The sculpture consists of a series of nearly linear ridges and troughs extending radially outward for more than 1000 km from the rim of the Imbrium Basin. The origin of the ridges and troughs, whether by deposition and impact scoring by fluidized clouds of ejecta from the Imbrium Basin or by faulting and volcanism during and subsequent to basin formation, is controversial. Evidence indicative of the mode of origin of Imbrium sculpture is summarized as follows. Evidence of volcano-tectonic mode of origin is favored by: (1) wide variation in relative age of parts of the sculpture; (2) furrows without rims; (3) absence of ballistic shielding; (4) asymmetry of sculpture; (5) absence of randomly oriented clusters; and (6) association with other features of structural origin. An origin by ejecta scoring and deposition is favored by the gradational ejecta with a Fra Mauro-type texture. Features that are ambiguous as to mode or origin are furrows made of coalesced crater chains and prominent rims on furrows.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 2 p
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    Lunar surface magnetometer experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo 16 lunar surface magnetometer (LSM) activation completed the network installation of magnetic observatories on the lunar surface and initiated simultaneous measurements of the global response of the moon to large-scale solar and terrestrial magnetic fields. Fossil remanent magnetic fields have been measured at nine locations on the lunar surface, including the Apollo 16 LSM site in the Descartes highlands area. This fossil record indicates the possible existence of an ancient lunar dynamo or a solar or terrestrial field much stronger than exists at present. The experimental technique and operation of the LSM are described and the results obtained are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 14 p
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    Preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 16 landing site (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Preliminary results of examining the lunar rock samples from the Apollo 16 flight are reported. Topics discussed include: premission geologic studies, geologic objectives, description of the site and traverse routes, superficial deposits, and station descriptions.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 81 p
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    Chemistry of the upper atmosphere and the role of transport processes (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The important chemical reaction affecting the neutral composition of the upper stratosphere, mesosphere, and lower thermosphere is discussed. The role of atmospheric transport processes is emphasized and the problem of taking these into account is elucidated.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Phys. of the Space Environment; p 147-155
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    Transient heating in the upper atmosphere (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The time-dependent response of the upper atmosphere to transient heat sources is considered. The basic problem is that of heating a compressible, heat-conducting fluid, which is described in the one-dimensional case by an analytic solution. Comparisons with satellite drag data of such first-order solutions are shown to be useful in determining energy requirements and in determining some constraints on the spatial distribution of the heating. Recent OGO-6 mass spectrometer and interferometric temperature measurements show that atmospheric disturbances during geomagnetic storms are much more prominent in the auroral zones. These results suggest that joule dissipation of auroral currents are important contributors to orbital perturbations of satellites.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Phys. of the Space Environment; p 3-23
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    Dissipation of electric fields in the ionosphere (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The heating and movement of the upper atmosphere at ionospheric levels in response to electric currents are discussed. Joule dissipation, generation of winds, and pressure gradients are significant factors in the energetics of the ionospheric electric currents flowing during magnetic storms and also of the Sq current system.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Phys. of the Space Environment; p 25-40
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    Preliminary examination of Surveyor 3 components for impact phenomena (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Two pieces of the Surveyor 3 spacecraft recovered during the Apollo 12 mission were examined for secondary lunar ejecta and micrometeorite impacts. One piece was section E of the aluminum strut; the other was the nickel-coated beryllium television camera mirror.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 151-153
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    Organic contamination analysis: High resolution mass spectrometric analysis of surface organics on selected areas of Surveyor 3 (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The mirror and middle shroud were extracted for organics by washing the surfaces with solvents. The techniques are discussed. Ion microprobe analyses of the primarily atomic species are presented. The sources of the organic contaminants are: (1) hydrocarbons from lubricating oils and general terrestrial contamination, (2) dioctyl phthalate, probably from polyethylene bagging material (the plasticizer), (3) carboxylic acids from decomposition of grease and general terrestrial contamination, (4) silicones from sources such as lubricating oil, (5) outgassing of electronics and plasticizer, (6) vinyl alcohol and styrene copolymer, probably from electronic insulation, and (7) nitrogenous compounds from the lunar module and possibly Surveyor 3 engine exhaust.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 127-142
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    Spacecraft orientation and exposure to environment, Appendix A (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Material removed from the spacecraft and returned to earth remained on the lunar surface for 31.9 lunations. None of the returned parts received the maximum 10,686 hours of exposure because of shadowing by the planar array antenna, solar panel, thermal control compartments, or other parts of the spacecraft. To determine the actual exposure of specific parts to sunlight, six series of photographs were taken. A one-fifth-scale model spacecraft was oriented to a collimated light source simulating the orientation of Surveyor with the sun. Three cameras were set up to view different parts of the spacecraft. The data obtained from these photographs permitted an evaluation of the effects of exposure to solar radiation on the camera and its parts, the surface sampling scoop, and the strut from the radar altimeter and Doppler velocity sensor.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 253-260
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    Results of examination of the returned Surveyor 3 samples for particulate impacts (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The television housing and a section of the strut of the radar altimeter and Doppler velocity sensor were examined optically and with a scanning electron microscope for particulate impacts. The white surface of the camera was discolored during the months the Surveyor 3 was on the moon; however, most of the craters must have occurred as a result of lunar dust sandblasted by the LM exhaust. The polished section of the strut exhibits contamination which appears brown and seems to be partially composed of crystals. Electron microscopic analysis of the strut section indicated no craters of hypervelocity impact origin, confirmed pitting density results of the optical scans, and indicated that material in the craters is of lunar origin. No meteorite impacts larger than 25 microns were detected on the tubing section.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 158-167
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    Primary and secondary micrometeoroid impact rate on the lunar surface: A direct measurement (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Determination of the number of micrometeoroid impact craters on the camera provided an opportunity to make a sensitive direct measurement of the flux of interplanetary dust particles impacting the lunar surface. Optical and scanning electron microscope studies were performed. Low velocity impact and flux analyses are presented.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 143-151
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    Examination of Surveyor 3 parts with the scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Two screws and two washers, several small chips of tubing, and a fiber removed from a third screw were examined with the scanning electron microscope and the electron microprobe. The purpose of the examination was to determine the nature of the material on the surface of these samples and to search for the presence of meteoritic material.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 89-90
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    Stability of the Venus ionopause (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: The ionopause of the Venus ionosphere, as indicated by Mariner 5 electron density data, and which occurs at 500km on the day side, and 2500km on the night side is discussed in terms of the solar wind interaction with the ionosphere. It is concluded that for a source of stabilization by heating to be effective, a small horizontal magnetic field is required to reduce the downward heat conduction of charged particles, and it has been shown that such a magnetic field is present.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 63-70
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    Nimbus observation of oceanic upwelling (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: Observing the development of upwelling on the northeast coast of Africa by measuring ocean surface emission with infrared radiometers on Nimbus satellites is reported. Using the temperature of the ocean as telemetered by the satellite, the biological potential of an area is estimated, and consequently the highest potential for fisheries.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 14-17
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    Particle impact and optical property analysis of the surfaces of Surveyor 3 materials (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: As part of the investigation of Surveyor 3 materials, a study was conducted to determine the effect of the lunar environment on some of the painted and unpainted exterior surfaces. Examination of the camera parts and tube sections was conducted using three techniques: (1) optical and scanning electron microscopy, (2) energy dispersive X-ray probe analysis, and (3) spectral reflectance measurements.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 76-88
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    Sketch map of the region around Candidate Littrow Apollo landing sites, part H (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: Photographs and geologic maps of the area around Littrow rilles and eastern edge of Mare Serenitatis are presented, along with variations in the features and compositions of the region.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 3 p
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    Very long baseline interferometry (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: Some astronomical results, obtained by very long baseline interferometry, on quasi-stellar sources are reported. Data cover variations in optical luminosity, radio brightness variations, and observations of quasi-stellar nuclei.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 238-247
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  • 73
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    Optical and high frequency electrical properties of the lunar sample (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: Reflectivity and polarization laws for the powder sample and its spectrum are close to the mean for the lunar maria. Solid samples show a marked absorption feature at 1 micron. The low albedo appears to be due to a surface coating on dust grains rather than volume absorption. The high frequency electrical properties resemble those of a fine powder made from typical dense terrestrial rocks, and are consistent with previous ground-based radar estimates. The differential mass spectrum is almost constant from 100 micron particles down to 0.1 micron; most particles are smaller than 0.3 micron. Their shapes disclose a variety of generation processes.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Res. on Lunar Mater.; p 25-39
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  • 74
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    Extragalactic radio spectrum (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: An attempt was made to build a model for the observed continuous emission from extragalactic radio sources. The data, measured by RAE spacecraft, are compared to deduced measurements. The difference between the two is taken as the model for observed emission. Data also cover spectra for the anticenter, north halo minimum region, RAE low frequency observations, and ground based high frequency observations.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 227-230
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    Interstellar electron intensity (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: Two independent methods for measuring the electron intensity in interstellar space are proposed. The positron method involves the production of pions in proton-proton collisions, the decay of the pions into muons, and the subsequent decay of the muons into positrons. Results from detailed calculations of these processes are given in graphical form. The second method involves cosmic electron emitted synchrotron radiation in the interstellar magnetic field. These two methods are also used to analyze the spatial and temporal constancy of cosmic ray electrons in the galaxy.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 217-221
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  • 76
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    Spectral classification of X-ray sources (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: The use of special detectors to measure and classify spectral X-ray sources in the region of a few keV and above, is discussed. Two sources, Cygnus X-2 and Cygnus X-3 were measured.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 196-199
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  • 77
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    Photochemistry and lifetimes of interstellar molecules (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: A quantitative discussion is presented of the lifetime against photodecomposition, or the probability of photodecomposition, of interstellar molecules. In addition to photodissociation, molecules can also be destroyed by interaction with high energy radiation and energetic particles. These processes are much less effective than destruction by ultraviolet radiation. However, when the ultraviolet is highly attenuated in clouds, the energetic radiation and particles will persist and will become relatively more important and the ultimate lifetimes in clouds may depend upon these processes.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 125-128
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  • 78
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    Periodic motions in the problems of three bodies (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: An example is given of the capture orbit for the general problem of three bodies and how it may be related to some practical problems in the solar system.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 107-111
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  • 79
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    Microwave emission of Arctic Sea ice (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: The feasibility of carrying microwave radiometers on Nimbus E and F missions for sea ice surveys was studied in the arctic using aircraft. It was found that passive microwave signatures of Arctic Sea ice relate specifically to the structure and type of ice. It is concluded that a new tool for conducting ice surveys from aircraft and satellites with remote sensors was discovered.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 18-21
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    Regional variations in the magnitude of heiligenschein and causal connections, part O (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A preliminary quantitative analysis was conducted of four frames exposed by the Apollo 15 metric camera. Two of the frames show the zero-phase surge on maria and the other two show the surge on terrae. It was found that the curves resulting from brightness plotted as a function of phase angle, differ markedly according to which terrain type is involved. The magnitude of the heiligenschein was found to be significantly greater for the maria than for the terrae.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 1 p
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  • 81
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    Geologic sketch map of the candidate Proclus Apollo landing site, part K (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: An Apollo 15 panoramic camera frame was used as a base for a geologic sketch map of an area near Proclus Crater. The map was prepared to investigate the usefulness of the panoramic camera photography in large-scale geologic mapping and to assess the geologic value of the area as a potential Apollo landing site. The photographs, taken under high solar illumination, resulted in good definition of albedo features, and stereoscopic viewing provided extreme clarity of topographic relief with terrain units easily delineated. The geological characteristics of the area as evidenced by the high-resolution photographs is discussed. It is concluded that the panoramic camera photographs reveal a wealth of detail and are eminently suited for geologic mapping purposes. In addition, the Proclus area, as a potential landing site, offers relatively rough plains terrain.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 5 p
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    The Gum nebula (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: The distance from the sun to the center of the star, Gamma Velorium, is determined in an effort to draw a physical model and identify the ionized energy source of the Gum nebula. The distance is calculated from the local hydrogen density of radio astronomy studies and the hydrogen measure.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 190-195
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    Lineaments that are artifacts of lighting, part G (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: Apollo 15 orbital photographs, particularly those taken at low sun elevation angles, are examined revealing grid patterns of lineaments. Preliminary results of experiments demonstrate that spurious lineaments and grid patterns can be produced and that the directions are dependent in part upon the position of the light source. The experiments were designed to duplicate the effect of bright sunlight reflecting from a hummocky surface with little or no diffuse light in the shadowed areas.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 5 p
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    Photogrammetric analysis of Apollo 15 records, part B (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The three cameras (stellar, mapping, and panoramic) together with the laser altimeter are included in the scientific instrument module bay, representing an integrated photogrammetric system. Data analysis objectives and procedure are presented, along with deformation of second generation negatives and heighting accuracy of panoramic photographs. Mapping camera photographs and stellar photography are evaluated. Rectified prints from panoramic camera photographs are produced, as well as enlarged prints from the mapping camera pictures.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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    The particles and fields subsatellite magnetometer experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A preliminary analysis of magnetometer data from Apollo 15 subsatellite is concluded. Remanent magnetization is a characteristic property of the moon, and the distribution is such that a complex pattern is produced. A mapping of the distribution is feasible with the present experiment. Lunar induction fields produced by transients in interplanetary magnetic field are detectable at satellite orbit. Magnetometer data will provide estimates of the latitude and longitude dependences of interior conductivity. The plasma void extends to some altitude below the satellite orbit and probably the lunar surface. Solar wind near the limbs is usually strongly disturbed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spaceflight Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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  • 86
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    Electron impact ionization of H (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: The results of theoretical calculations for the reactions between electrons and negative hydrogen atoms are discussed for an electron colliding with a negative hydrogen ion and neutralizing the hydrogen ion by stripping the loosely bound electron from it, and the two free electrons moving away. A semi-quantum description of the process is presented in which the target is described in terms of quantum mechanics, and the projectile electron is described in a classical fashion.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 58-62
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  • 87
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    Geological features in Wyoming from Nimbus 1 (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The identification of ground features in Nimbus photography by comparisons with geology, soils, and vegetation maps is discussed for the Wyoming-Colorado area. It is concluded that in a semiarid region, high topographic relief shows good coassociation with exposed geology and with vegetation and, to a lesser degree, with soils types. In lower, flatter basins, most tonal patterns are related to subtle variations in soil color and vegetation cover. It is thought that maps based on spectral parameters as the proper descriptor of surface features may be required.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 2-7
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  • 88
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    The process of crater removal in the lunar maria, part P (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Near-terminator photography from the Apollo 14 and 15 missions is used as a basis to evaluate the processes by which craters disappear from the lunar surface. From observations and analyses it is concluded that: (1) The erosion of lunar craters in the size range of 10 m to 1 km is effected principally by small impacts producing minute changes in crater form up to the point where the crater is worn to an interior slope of approximately 1 degree. Below that slope, the annihilation process is dominated by the formation of younger overlapping craters. (2) The distribution of shapes of craters in this size range can be explained as resulting from impact generated processes.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 5 p
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    Mare Imbrium lava flows and their relationship to color boundaries, part M (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: The Apollo 15 metric camera photography provided a number of spectacular views of most of the southern and central portions of the unique systems of major lava flows that stretch diagonally across Mare Imbrium from the general area of Euler Crater to a point east of Le Verrier Crater. A preliminary examination of the photographs indicates that the source of the material comprising the major flows is situated to the west of Euler Crater and south of the limits of the photographic coverage. The photographs also show clearly that most, if not all, the mare ridges included were formed after the solidification of the flows. Few color boundaries exist in the area of metric photography where the illumination angle is low enough to show the fronts of some of the very thin flows. However, patches of redder material lying northeast of Mt. Lahire are found to be enclosed by low flow fronts, confirming the theory that the redder material represents an earlier filling of the Imbrium basin.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 2 p
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    The cinder field of the Taurus Mountains, part I (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: A dark-colored mare unit within the southwestern corner of the Taurus Mountains is discussed. The geologic characteristics of this unit, the intricate relationship between it and the surrounding features, and the probable source of the unit were the objects of visual observations during the Apollo 15 flight. The results of these observations made from orbit indicate that the unit probably consists of volcanic ash or pyroclastic deposits that came to the surface through a multitude of cinder cones. The local setting of the area and the relationship of the dark deposit to other nearby geologic units are examined in light of data obtained from the Apollo 15 panoramic camera photographs.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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    Photogrammetry of Apollo 15 photography, part C (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: In the Apollo 15 mission, a mapping camera system and a 61 cm optical bar, high resolution panoramic camera, as well as a laser altimeter were used. The panoramic camera is described, having several distortion sources, such as cylindrical shape of the negative film surface, the scanning action of the lens, the image motion compensator, and the spacecraft motion. Film products were processed on a specifically designed analytical plotter.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 12 p
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    Bistatic-radar investigation (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: A bistatic-radar study during the Apollo 15 flight is reviewed, with the orbiting command module as one terminal. Bistatic-radar slopes are compared to geological maps of Copernicus and Riphaeus mountain regions and Kepler region. Basic theory is discussed, including the radar echoes composed of the sum of the reflections from the moon area that is mutually visible from the spacecraft and earth. A signal receiving system and data processing system are outlined schematically.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 10 p
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  • 93
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    X-ray fluorescence experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The preliminary results from the Sco X-1 and Cyg X-1 obtained from the Apollo 15 X-ray detector data are presented along with preliminary results of the X-ray fluorescence spectrometric data of the lunar surface composition. The production of the characteristic X-rays following the interaction of solar X-rays with the lunar surface is described along with the X-ray spectrometer. Preliminary analyses of the astronomical X-ray observation and the X-ray fluorescence data are presented.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 17 p
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    Solar-wind composition experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: The Apollo program techniques for studying elemental and isotopic abundances in the solar wind are described. During Apollo 11, 12, 14 and 15 missions, aluminum foils were deployed on the lunar surface as targets for collecting solar wind ions. The foils were returned to earth, and the implanted solar wind particles were analyzed. The preliminary results showing the helium and neon concentrations are presented.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spaceflight Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 7 p
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  • 95
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    Jupiter trapped radiation belts (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: Previously developed models for trapped electron radiation belts and trapped proton radiation belts in the Jovian magnetosphere are described. The spatial distribution of flux and the L shell dependence of the characteristic energy are displayed for both models. Based on these models, the fluence accumulated by a Jupiter flyby spacecraft is given in terms of the equivalent 3-MeV fluence for electrons and the equivalent 20-MeV proton fluence. Finally, some impacts of these fluences on outer planet missions are described.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 1, No. 4; p 78-88
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  • 96
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    The behavior of magnitude dependent systematic errors (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: The objective grating technique is discussed. From the investigation of actual material, it is established that the effect of coma varies significantly from plate to plate, also that a model linear in diameter and/or coordinate may be inadequate for its removal, and even introduce systematic errors. From this standpoint, the requirements of reference star systems are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 241-248
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  • 97
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    An analysis of the AGK3 comparison star positions (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Proper motions formed with the use of positions in the AGK3 and other, older catalogues are investigated for systematic trends.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 169-172
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  • 98
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    Tests of general relativity using pulsars (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The arrival times of the pulses from each pulsar are measured by a cesium clock. The observations are all made at a frequency of 2388 MHz (12.5 cm wavelength) on a 26 m dish antenna. The effect of interstellar charged particles is a random one that increases the noise level on the arrival time measurements. The variation in clock rate is shown consisting of two effects: the time dilation effect of special relativity and the red shift effect of general relativity.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 65-67
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  • 99
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    The cosmic helium abundance (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Description: Cosmic helium abundance was studied through the interior structure of young stars, profiles of helium absorption lines in the photospheric spectra of hot young stars, and emission-line spectrum of ionized gas. It is concluded that helium occurred before galaxies were formed. Inconsistencies found in the quasar spectra are briefly mentioned.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 1-3
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    On the heterodyne method of detecting gravitational waves (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A mathematical model on the heterodyne method of detecting gravitational waves is presented, using a dumbbell consisting of two masses situated in a plane and a plane-fronted gravitational wave traveling perpendicular to the plane. It is concluded that the detector sensitivity is not likely to be improved without employing very complicated and expensive super low temperature techniques.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 45-46
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