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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lunar Electrical Conductivity Profile (1971)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 230 (1971), S. 359-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Measurements of electrical conductivity profile provide information about the mantle–core stratification, near surface thermal gradient, heat flux and composition of the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/230359a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical Heating of Meteorite Parent Bodies and Planets by Dynamo Induction from a Pre-main Sequence T Tauri “Solar Wind” (1968)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 219 (1968), S. 924-926 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We report here preliminary calculations of a new heat source for solid objects in the solar system based on a pre-main sequence Sun thought to pass through a T Tauri-like phase. The mechanism is distinct from the fast heating derived from extinct radionuclides, but has a similar time scale. The ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/219924a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishment of a Lunar Unipolar Generator and Associated Shock and Wake by the Solar Wind (1967)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 216 (1967), S. 340-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The impact of the solar wind on a dynamo- and atmosphere-free body such as the Moon generates two distinguishable current systems denoted as Cowling (&Bdot; ≠ 0) and unipolar (&Bdot; = 0). The unipolar system representing the steady state must close through the neighbouring plasma and thus has ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/216340a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solar Source of Interplanetary Magnetic Fields (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 224 (1969), S. 353-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. Top: mean value of the solar magnetic field1 (dots) and polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field (bars). The interplanetary field is displaced by five days to allow for the transit time of solar wind plasma from the Sun to the Earth. Bottom: contribution of sunspot magnetic fields1 to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/224353a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lunar Electrical Conductivity—Reply (1972)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 238 (1972), S. 145-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] REISZ et al.1 consider, in the preceding letter, two conceptually important points regarding the lunar transfer function inversions which we reported2,3. That work used a symmetric confining current theory so that the dark hemisphere diamagnetic cavity effect was ignored, as we pointed out at that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/238145a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The melting of asteroidal-sized bodies by unipolar dynamo induction from a primordial T Tauri sun (1970)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 7 (1970), S. 446-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines the heating of asteroidal parent bodies by electrical induction during early solar evolution and prior to positioning of the sun onto the main sequence. Under the conditions assumed, which include a high initial solar spin rate, interplanetary electric fields of order 1 V/m would have existed in frames of reference comoving with the planets, leading to electrical heating from joule losses in the asteroidal interiors. The mechanism additionally requires the high plasma efflux characteristic of T Tauri objects and the presence of a circumstellar obscuration of the type commonly associated with early stellar objects. The proper combination of circumstellar obscuration, solar spin, solar wind flow, and starting planetary temperatures is shown to lead to asteroidal heating competitive with that found for a class of fossil radioactive species. The time dependence of the solar spin and plasma flow are shaped so as to be consistent with current views on the evolution to T Tauri objects and of the spin down of stars. Calculations also include cases of joint heating by fossil radionuclides and electrical induction, and show a complicated relationship due to the intrinsic nonlinearity of the electrical heating mechanism. Implications regarding the pre-main sequence dynamics of the sun are contained in the hypothesis of electrical heating if the contribution from radionuclides and gravitational accretion can be shown to be insufficient to account for the heating episode. Finally, some consequences of the mechanism applied to planets in the presence of an intense solar wind are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00653283
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the mean photospheric magnetic field and the interplanetary magnetic field (1970)
    Springer
    Solar physics 15 (1970), S. 3-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The mean photospheric magnetic field of the sun seen as a star has been compared with the interplanetary magnetic field observed with spacecraft near the earth. Each change in polarity of the mean solar field is followed about 4 1/2 days later by a change in polarity of the interplanetary field (sector boundary). The scaling of the field magnitude from sun to near earth is within a factor of two of the theoretical value, indicating that large areas on the sun have the same predominant polarity as that of the interplanetary sector pattern. An independent determination of the zero level of the solar magnetograph has yielded a value of 0.1±0.05 G. An effect attributed to a delay of approximately one solar rotation between the appearance of a new photospheric magnetic feature and the resulting change in the interplanetary field is observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00149468
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discontinuities in the solar wind (1966)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 5 (1966), S. 439-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The nonuniform emission of the solar wind from the sun means that conditions are established which favor the development of discontinuities in the plasma parameters. Since the solar wind is in rapid proper motion with respect to the sun and the earth, examination of these discontinuities requires that the wind velocity be transformed away. Then it is found that they satisfy the conditions of magnetohydrodynamics and can be treated as shock waves and the stationary contact surfaces consisting of either tangential or contact discontinuities. The collision-free structure of the solar wind suggests that the tangential discontinuity is the more likely contact surface as it is more capable of inhibiting diffusion which is required for a lifetime sufficient for the structure to be carried to the neighborhood of the earth. Either the shock wave or the contact surface can create signals that are detectable at the surface of the earth. The simplest surface signal to detect is the sudden impulse (SI) but other signals may be found. The existence of a field of MHD discontinuities in the solar wind should make possible the generation of ensembles of shocks and contact surfaces. Various possibilities are explored and these are discussed from the standpoint of combinations of sudden impulses at the earth's surface which are both positive and negative. Some of these are recurrent with a 27-day period; the interplanetary M region shock ensemble associated with this is discussed and the development of these structures in space is reviewed. Lastly observational evidence for interplanetary shock waves is given together with the analytic technique for establishing their geometry and comparing the derived and measured jump parameters. The applicability of the geometrical construction of the general class of MHD discontinuity to their analysis is indicated and shows the way in which the structural content of the solar wind can be classified by the use of magnetometers and plasma probes. A parametric study of the jump conditions through a shock wave can be used to verify the correctness of field measurements because of the redundancy in measurements. This also allows the details of shock structure to be examined including the intrinsic partitioning of the internal energy of the shocked plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240575
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unipolar induction in the moon and a lunar limb shock mechanism (1969)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 1 (1969), S. 7-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The unipolar induction mechanism is employed to calculate electric field profiles in the interior of a chemically homogeneous Moon possessing a steep radial thermal gradient characteristic of long-term radioactive heating. The thermal models used are those of Fricker, Reynolds, and Summers. From the magnetic field, the magnetic back pressure upon the solar wind is found. The electric field profile is shown to depend only upon the activation energy,E o, of the geological material and the radial gradient of the reciprocal temperature. The current is additionally dependent upon the coefficient of the electrical conductivity function but only by a scale factor. Since the Moon is experimentally known to correspond to the case of weak interaction with the solar wind, the magnetic back pressure is calculated without the need for an iterative procedure. The results indicate that a hot Moon can yield sufficient current flow so that the magnetic back pressure is observable as a vestigial limb shock wave using an activation energy of about 2/3 eV together with a conductivity coefficient of about 103 mhos/m. Such matter is approximated by diabase-like composition, although the result that both the activation energy and coefficient enter into the current determination does not rule out the possibility of a match with other similar substances. The calculations are entirely consistent with earlier results which indicated a model where the unipolar current density is dominated by a high impedance surface layer and a strong shock wave is inhibited. In addition to the magnetic back pressure, the integration of the current continuity equation permits current densities and joule heating rates to be calculated, though the magnitude of the latter for present solar wind conditions is not thermally important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561768
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  • 10
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    Comparison of the mean photospheric magnetic field and the interplanetary magnetic field (1970)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0038-0938
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-093X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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