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  • RAPD  (66)
  • Springer  (66)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (66)
  • 1997  (66)
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  • Springer  (66)
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  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (66)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic Mapping of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (1997)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 15 (1997), S. 335-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Schlagwort(e): RAPD ; PCR ; Soybean ; Linkage Mapping ; Restriction Enzymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is based on DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of random DNA segments using single arbitrary nucleotide sequences. We have adapted the assay to soybeans by using Stoffel Fragment DNA polymerase and by optimizing the reaction conditions. To increase the percentage of RAPD polymorphisms, the DNA template was digested with restriction enzymes before amplification. The combination of twenty-four primers and five DNA template treatments (Undigested, DraI, EcoRI, HindIII, and TaqI digested) revealed 94 polymorphic DNA fragments differing between soybean lines PI437654 and BSR101. Many polymorphic DNA bands were found unreliable or non-scoreable after re-screening of primers and verification of marker-allele segregation with 20 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). However, 28 RAPD markers were consistently polymorphic between the parental lines and followed Mendelian expectations. The use of DNA templates digested with DraI, EcoRI, HindIII or TaqI increased three times the number of RAPD markers compared to undigested DNA template alone. The 28 RAPD markers obtained were further screened with 72 RILs and placed on an existing RFLP map.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007474913960
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Aspergillus japonicus and Aspergillus aculeatus strains with special regard to their mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms (1997)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (1997), S. 337-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): Aspergillus japonicus ; A. aculeatus ; assimilation spectra ; isoenzyme ; mtDNA ; rDNA ; RFLPs ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Forty Aspergillus japonicus and A. aculeatus strains, most of them wild-type isolates, were examined using various molecular and phenotypic techniques. The rDNAs proved to be invariable (even strains of the species A. aculeatus exhibited the same restriction profile), while the strains could be classified into seven different mtDNA RFLP groups. Hybridisation data suggest that six of these mtDNA types have certain common restriction sites, while mtDNA type 7, which was exhibited by some A. aculeatus strains, probably has quite different mtDNA organisation and their size was smallest among the strains studied. The RAPD technique and isoenzyme analysis revealed some variabilities within these RFLP groups and strain specific features could also be recognised. Carbon source assimilation spectra were found to be very distinctive for strains of A. japonicus, A. aculeatus and A. niger, providing a useful tool for pre-characterising new wild-type isolates of black Aspergilli. Only a limited correlation was observed between the dendrograms based on genotypic and phenotypic characters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000578913759
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evidence of spatial genetic structure in a California bunchgrass population (1997)
    Springer
    Oecologia 112 (1997), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Conservation ; Nassella(Stipa) pulchra ; Population genetics ; RAPD ; Spatial scale
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We investigated the scale of genetic variation of purple needlegrass (Nassella pulchra), a species commonly used in California for grassland restoration. Common garden and field data revealed evidence of genetic differentiation between two intermixed microhabitats characterized by differences in soil depth and community composition. We assessed the genetic variation within a single population using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data collected from clusters of five individuals in 40 locations. We found no evidence for genetic structure at the whole population level. At smaller spatial scales, however, we found strong evidence that genetic subdivision of the population occurs at the level of the maternal neighborhood. We suggest that the interaction between widespread pollen dispersal and restricted seed dispersal may be the primary factor generating these results; panmictic pollen dispersal will make detection of genetic patterning difficult at larger spatial scales while limited seed dispersal will generate local genetic structure. As a result, the detection of population genetic structure will depend on the spatial scale of analysis. Local selection gradients related to topography and soil depth are also likely to play a role in structuring local genetic variation. Since N. pulchra is widely used in California in grassland and woodland habitat restoration, we suggest that, as a general rule, care should be exercised in transferring germplasm for the purposes of conservation when little is known about the within-population genetic subdivision of a plant species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050317
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tolerance to salt stress in maize callus lines with different polyamine content (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1997), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Polyamines ; Maize ; Callus culture ; Salt stress ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Four callus lines from immature embryos of a self-crossed maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid cultivar were selected for “high” (two lines) and “low” (two lines) polyamine (PA) levels. Each selected line was exposed to culture media containing no (control) or 1% (0.171 m) NaCl and the relative growth rates were compared after subculture. Low-PA lines appeared to be tolerant to salt stress, while high-PA lines were sensitive. Analysis of PA at the end of the subculture showed that treated calli of sensitive lines had increased their putrescine content in comparison with their control, while putrescine remained constant in tolerant lines. Callus lines were analysed by RAPD (random amplification of polymorphic DNA) markers. One polymorphism (550-bp band) was found, demonstrating a genetic difference between the lines.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050363
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic ecotoxicology II: population genetic structure in mosquitofish exposed in situ to radionuclides (1997)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 6 (1997), S. 335-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Schlagwort(e): population genetics ; mosquitofish ; radiation ; RAPD ; allozymes ; evolutionary toxicology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In 1977, approximately 250 mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) from a relatively uncontaminated site (Crystal Springs) were transplanted into a small pond on the Department of Energy Oak Ridge Reservation which is heavily contaminated with radionuclides (Pond 3513). Starting in 1992, DNA polymorphism was evaluated using the RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and allozyme genotype techniques to determine if genetic differentiation had occurred between the two populations. Fish from a second radionuclide-contaminated population (White Oak Lake) and another unrelated non-contaminated population (Wolf Creek) were also examined. For the RAPD analyes, 15 RAPD primers (from a total of 40) were found to produce polymorphic banding patterns in at least two of the four populations and subsequently were used to produce a total of 142 bands. Data generated by these RAPD primers indicated an increased genetic diversity in radionuclide-contaminated sites relative to reference sites. Furthermore, the patterns from six RAPD primers produced a higher average number of bands when using DNA from radionuclide- contaminated populations than from non-contaminated, and for three RAPD primers the average number of bands from radionuclide- contaminated populations was lower. In addition, 17 bands occurred at a higher frequency in the radionuclide-contaminated compared to the non-contaminated populations. For the allozyme analyses, it was found that there was a higher percentage of polymorphism and heterozygosity in the radionuclide-contaminated relative to non-contaminated sites. These findings contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary effects of contaminant exposure as well as to the development of population-level biomarkers
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018695231565
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The use of RAPD for verifying the apomictic status of seedlings of Malus species (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 1080-1083 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key wordsMalus ; Apomixis ; RAPD ; Baskatong ; Red-purple pigmentation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The lack of red-purple pigmentation in seedlings obtained from crosses between M. cv Baskatong, carrying a dominant homozygous gene for red-purple pigmentation, and other species has been used for the detection of apomictic plants in Malus species. RAPD marker techniques were employed to evaluate the genetic similarity between putative apomictic seedlings and their female parents. From the selected set of 20 (OPA) primers about half were able to detect hybrids from the apomictic seedlings, if present. RAPD analyses confirmed the usefulness of the colour-marker gene in detecting the hybrids in vitro for seedlings of M. toringoides×M. cv Baskatong, but not for crosses involving M. hupehensis×M. cv Baskatong where in vitro colour-based selection was not possible (due to red stems in all cases). The set of primers (OPA-01, 02, 08, 09, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18 and 20) clearly determined the hybrid nature of seedlings and allowed the selection of apomictic ones. Therefore, although cv Baskatong is useful as an indicator, these data show that this technique is not applicable in all cases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050665
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RAPD analysis of isolated mitochondrial DNA reveals heterogeneity in elite wild abortive (WA) cytoplasm in rice (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 1098-1103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words mtDNA ; RAPD ; Rice ; WA cytoplasm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  RAPD profiles were generated using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) isolated from two cytoplasmic male-sterile lines, two restorer lines and four maintainer lines of rice. Of the 40 primers tested, 25 generated consistent and easily scoreable patterns that were used for the computation of pairwise similarities as well as UPGMA analyses. The different lines of rice, including lines IR58025A and IR62829A that contained the same wild abortive (WA) cytoplasm, were distinguishable on the basis of RAPD profiles. These latter two lines were not distinguishable from each other by mtDNA RFLP analyses with as many as 16 mtDNA probes. The data illustrate the utility of the RAPD technique as a powerful tool for distinguishing different cytoplasms that by other techniques appear to be similar. To our knowledge, this is the first report wherein RAPD profiles obtained with isolated mtDNA templates enable the distinction between two or more types of cytoplasms in rice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050668
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A genetic linkage map of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) developed from a cross between two inbred, domesticated lines (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 1210-1217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Vigna unguiculata ; RFLP ; RAPD ; AFLP ; Linkage map
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  We have constructed a genetic linkage map within the cultivated gene pool of cowpea (2n=2x=22) from an F8 recombinant inbred population (94 individuals) derived from a cross between the inbreds IT84S-2049 and 524B. These breeding lines, developed in Nigeria and California, show contrasting reactions against several pests and diseases and differ in several morphological traits. Parental lines were screened with 332 random RAPD decamers, 74 RFLP probes (bean, cowpea and mung bean genomic DNA clones), and 17 AFLP primer combinations. RAPD primers were twice as efficient as AFLP primers and RFLP probes in detecting polymorphisms in this cross. The map consists of 181 loci, comprising 133 RAPDs, 19 RFLPs, 25 AFLPs, three morphological/classical markers, and a biochemical marker (dehydrin). These markers identified 12 linkage groups spanning 972 cM with an average distance of 6.4 cM between markers. Linkage groups ranged from 3 to 257 cM in length and included from 2 to 41 markers, respectively. A gene for earliness was mapped on linkage group 2. Seed weight showed a significant association with a RAPD marker on linkage group 5. This map should facilitate the identification of markers that “tag” genes for pest and disease resistance and other traits in the cultivated gene pool of cowpea.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050683
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular characterization can quantify and partition variation among genebank holdings: a case study with phenotypically similar accessions of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (cabbage) `Golden Acre' (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words AMOVA ; Conservation ; Curation ; Genetic markers ; Molecular genetic screening ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract To better characterize and conserve crop genetic resources, the assessment of genetic identity, relatedness, and structure among entries and collections becomes a priority. In the present study, a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was applied as a quick, cost-effective, and preliminary screen to quantify and partition the molecular variation among accessions. Fourteen phenotypically uniform accessions of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (cabbage) similarly designated as `Golden Acre' were tested with nine decamer oligonucleotide primers. These amplifications generated 110 fragments, of which 80 were polymorphic ranging in size from 370 to 1720 bp. The 80 polymorphic fragments were sufficient to distinguish between all 14 accessions. Data based on the partitioning of variation among accessions indicated that `Golden Acre' entries could be reduced to as few as four groups, with the potential loss of variation being only 4.6% of the absolute current genetic variation in those holdings as estimated from RAPD analysis. This proposed grouping would concurrently save approximately 70% [$750–1000 (US) per accession] for each cycle of regeneration (approximately 20–25 years at most) which alternatively could then be used for other priorities in B. oleracea conservation and use. This case represents but one example where targeted use of a molecular-marker assay linked with rigorous statistical analysis will be useful for plant genebank management, particularly for questions at the intraspecific level. Molecular markers will provide genebank curators with additional sources of information to better plan and organize collection holdings and use finite financial support in a more effective manner.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050404
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cloning and sequencing of RAPD fragments amplified from mitochondrial DNA of male-sterile and male-fertile cytoplasm of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key wordsBeta vulgaris ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; RAPD ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Chloroplast DNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Mitochondrial DNA fragments of two nearly isogenic lines of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were amplified by RAPD analysis. A number of fragments, most of them unique to either the male-sterile or the male-fertile cytoplasm, were selected for cloning and sequencing. One fragment was present in the PCR fingerprint pattern of both cytoplasms, whereas five of the selected fragments were specifically amplified from only one type of cytoplasm. The mitochondrial origin of all cloned RAPD fragments was confirmed by Southern hybridization. One fragment resulted in a hybridization pattern that suggests its repetitive presence in the mitochondrial genome of sugar beet. Four out of the five cytoplasm-specific RAPD fragments were shown to hybridize specifically to one type of cytoplasm only. One fragment hybridizing with the mtDNA from N-cytoplasm also revealed hybridization signals with both total and nuclear DNAs of N- as well as S-cytoplasm. Sequence alignments of this clone showed strong homologies with a part of the plastidal ndhC gene of higher plants, indicating that the male-fertile-specific mtDNA RAPD fragment is derived from chloroplast DNA. Sequence analysis of an amplified sterile-specific fragment revealed the presence of an open reading frame of 288 bp. Northern hybridization showed a transcription signal specific for the male-sterile cytoplasm. No sequence homology of the open reading frame to any known sequences was found. The results reveal an extremely high degree of sequence variability between the mtDNA of the N- and S-cytoplasm of Beta vulgaris.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050410
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of molecular markers linked to the Yr15 stripe rust resistance gene of wheat originated in wild emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 622-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Gene mapping ; RAPD ; RFLP ; Stripe rust ; Triticum dicoccoides ; Triticum durum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The Yr15 gene of wheat confers resistance to the stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis West., which is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat throughout the world. In the present study, molecular markers flanking the Yr15 gene of wheat have been identified using the near-isogenic-lines approach. RFLP screening of 76 probe-enzyme combinations revealed one polymorphic marker (Nor/TaqI) between the susceptible and the resistant lines. In addition, out of 340 RAPD primers tested, six produced polymorphic RAPD bands between the susceptible and the resistant lines. The genetic linkage of the polymorphic markers was tested on segregating F2 population (123 plants) derived from crosses between stripe rust-susceptible Triticum durum wheat, cv D447, and a BC3F9 resistant line carrying Yr15 in a D447 background. A 2.8-kb fragment produced by the Nor RFLP probe and a 1420-bp PCR product generated by the RAPD primer OPB13 showed linkage, in coupling, with the Yr15 gene. Employing the standard maximum-likelihood technique it was found that the order OPB13 1420 –Yr15–Nor1 on chromosome 1B appeared to be no less than 1000-times more probable than the closest alternative. The map distances between OPB13 1420 –Yr15–Nor1 are 27.1 cM and 11.0 cM for the first and second intervals, respectively. The application of marker-assisted selection for the breeding of new wheat cultivars with the stripe rust resistance gene is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050604
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic diversity and relationships detected by isozyme and RAPD analysis of crop and wild species of Amaranthus (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 865-873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Amaranthus ; Crop evolution ; Isozyme ; Genetic diversity ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Genetic diversity and relationships of 23 cultivated and wild Amaranthus species were examined using both isozyme and RAPD markers. A total of 30 loci encoding 15 enzymes were resolved, and all were polymorphic at the interspecific level. High levels of inter-accessional genetic diversity were found within species, but genetic uniformity was observed within most accessions. In the cultivated grain amaranths (A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus), the mean value of HT was 0.094, HS was 0.003, and GST was 0.977 at the species level. The corresponding values in their putative wild progenitors (A. hybridus, A. powellii, and A. quitensis) were 0.135, 0.004, and 0.963, respectively. More than 600 RAPD fragments were generated with 27 arbitrary 10-base primers. On average, 39.9% of the RAPD fragments were polymorphic among accessions within each crop species; a similar level of polymorphism (42.8%) was present in the putative progenitors, but much higher levels of polymorphism were found in vegetable (51%) and other wild species (69.5%). The evolutionary relationships between grain amaranths and their putative ancestors were investigated, and both the RAPD and isozyme data sets supported a monophyletic origin of grain amaranths, with A. hybridus as the common ancestor. A complementary approach using information from both isozymes and RAPDs was shown to generate more accurate estimates of genetic diversity, and of relationships within and among crop species and their wild relatives, than either data set alone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050637
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physical mapping of four RAPDs in the B chromosome of maize (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 534-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Zea mays ; B chromosome ; RAPD ; B-A translocation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Four DNA fragments were amplified specifically from the B chromosome by PCR using random 10-base oligonucleotides as primers. The location of the fragments in the B chromosome was determined based on whether or not they were amplified from the hypo- ploid DNA generated by four B-A translocations, three of which break in the proximal euchromatic region and the fourth in the distal one-third of the heterochromatic region on the B long arm. Since the hypoploid DNA carries the portion of the B chromosome distal to the breakpoint of a translocation, the presence of a fragment in the hypoploid DNA, but not in the control (which is devoid of any B chromatin), indicates that the fragments is located in the B region distal to the breakpoint in the B long arm. Two fragments were mapped to the euchromatic region and two others to either the distal portion of the euchromatic region or the proximal two-thirds of the heterochromatic region. These fragments in turn mapped three B-A translocations whose breakpoints were located in the euchromatic region.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050448
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insight on segregation distortions in two intraspecific crosses between annual species of Medicago (Leguminosae) (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 682-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Medicago truncatula ; Medicago tornata ; RAPD ; Segregation distortion ; DNA content
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  About 40% (α=0.05) of the PCR-derived markers scored in a Medicago truncatula and M. tornata intraspecific cross departed from Mendelian expectations at α=0.05. This proportion is among the highest ever documented in the literature, notably for intraspecific crosses. Estimations of DNA amount were also implemented for the parental genotypes or parental lines, and significant variations were observed. Our results suggest that the parental genotypes have diverged for quite a while, and we propose that the level of distortion we documented is correlated with the genome size difference we measured.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050466
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RAPDs as molecular markers for the detection of Aegilops markgrafii chromatin in addition and euploid introgression lines of hexaploid wheat (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 934-940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Aegilops markgrafii ; Triticum aestivum ; RAPD ; Addition lines ; Leaf rust ; Powdery mildew
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Aegilops markgrafii contains resistance genes to powdery mildew, leaf rust and stripe rust, and also has high crude protein and lysine contents, which can be useful for wheat improvement. These important traits are localized on different chromosomes. Disomic Triticum aestivum-Ae. markgrafii addition lines and euploid introgression lines showing leaf-rust and powdery mildew resistance were screened with RAPDs to detect chromosome-specific markers which can accelerate the breeding process. RAPD markers for all six available disomic addition lines were obtained. The additional chromosomes B, C, D, E, F and G were identified by three, three, three, two, one and seven primers, respectively. All three chromosome-B-specific RAPD markers demonstrated the presence of alien chromatin in the leaf-rust-resistant 42-chromosome introgression lines as well as in the segregating progeny. The three chromosome-C-identifying primers also demonstrated the presence of that chromosome in powdery mildew-resistant euploid introgression lines. The substitution lines (5A)5C and (5D)5C with different genetic backgrounds for both parents, in comparison to the lines mentioned above, showed the chromosome C-specific band with only two of the three primers. The chromosome F-specific primer and a primer evident on all the Ae. markgrafii chromosomes analysed did not generate the expected fragments on the chromosome Fdel addition line, indicating that the markers are located on the deleted part of chromosome F.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050498
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Linkage mapping and genome length in eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 1031-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Genome mapping ; Map length ; Pines ; RAPD ; Microsatellite DNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Haploid linkage analysis of eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L., was carried out using mainly RAPD markers and microsatellite, or simple-sequence-repeat, markers. Ninety one loci mapped to 12 linkage groups of three or more markers. The resulting framework genome map, the first for a soft pine species, contained 69 markers. The map covered 58% of the estimated genome length of 2071 cM(K), with a 95% confidence interval of 1828–2242 cM(K). A systematic comparison of linkage data from eastern white pine, longleaf pine (P. palustris Mill.) and maritime pine (P. pinaster Ait.), gave genome-length estimates for all three species very close to either 2000 cM(K) or 2600 cM(H), depending on whether the Kosambi(K) or Haldane(H) map functions, respectively, were employed. Differences among previous pine genome-length estimates were attributed to the divergent criteria used in the methods of estimation, and indicate the need for the adoption of uniform criteria when performing genome-length estimates. Current data suggest that members of the two pine subgenera, which diverged during the late Mesozoic era, have highly conserved rates of recombination.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050511
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of the extent of genetic variability among Theobroma cacao accessions using RAPD and RFLP markers (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 10-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Theobroma cacao ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Genetic diversity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were used to evaluate genetic relationships within the Theobroma cacao species and to assess the organization of its genetic diversity. Genetic variability was estimated with 18 primers and 43 RFLP probes on 155 cocoa trees belonging to different morphological groups and coming from various geographic origins. The majority of the RFLP probes issued from low-copy DNA sequences. On the basis of on the genetic distance matrices, the two molecular methods gave related estimates of the genetic relationship between genotypes. Although an influence of cocoa morphological groups and geographical origins of trees was observed, a lack of gene differentiation characterized the T. cacao accessions studied. The continuous RFLP variability observed within the species may reflect the hybridization and introgressions between trees of different origins. Nevertheless, the Nacional type was detected to be genetically specific and different from well-known types such as Forastero, Criollo and Trinitario. Some of those genotypes were characterized by a low heterozygosity rate and may constitute the original Nacional pool. These results also provide information for the constitution of a cocoa tree core collection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050527
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regeneration and analysis of interspecific asymmetric potato –Solanum ssp hybrid plants selected by micromanipulation or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 41-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Protoplasts ; Solanum tuberosum ; Solanum ssp. donor ; RAPD ; Chromosome elimination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Recipient protoplasts from three Solanum tuberosum genotypes, cv ‘Folva’ (2n=4x=48), cv ‘Matilda’ (4n) and ‘161 : 14’ (2n), were electrofused with X-ray-irradiated donor protoplasts from two wild species S. spegazzinii (2n) or S. microdontum×S. vernei (2n). Prior to fusion, protoplasts were fluorescence-labelled with either fluorescein diacetate or scopoletin. Fusion products were identified by dual fluorescence and selected by micromanipulation or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). All putative hybrid plants were analysed by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Our analysis demonstrates that each asymmetric hybrid plant has an individual and stable profile of donor-specific RAPD bands. The irradiation of donor protoplasts hampered the growth of selected heterofusion products in a dose-dependent way. Irradiation resulted in donor chromosome elimination, but not in a dose dependent way, in the tested interval. In asymmetric hybrids with the S. spegazzinii donor 33–68% of the donor-specific RAPD bands were missing, indicating a similar level of chromosome elimination. In asymmetric hybrid plants with the S. microdontum×S. vernei donor 74–95% of the donor RAPD bands were missing. Chromosome countings revealed that these hybrids had chromosome numbers equal to or below the chromosome numbers found in the tetraploid recipients. This is the first time that highly asymmetric hybrid plants between two tetraploid potato recipients and the donor S. microdontum×S. vernei have been obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050530
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic homogeneity among isolates of Fusarium solani that cause soybean sudden death syndrome (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 474-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Ribosomal DNA ; RAPD ; Fusarium solani ; Genetic variation ; Fungi
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract   Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli is the etiological agent of soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS). This form species includes both members that cause SDS and those that do not. Despite the extensive use of SDS isolates in soybean plant breeding studies, no information regarding genetic relatedness of isolates is available. Sequencing of the D2 region of the large-subunit (28S) ribosomal DNA of 19 isolates of F. solani f. sp. phaseoli, both SDS and non-SDS isolates, resulted in identical sequences and thus indicated a very low level of genetic variation within the form species. Sequencing of the ITS region resulted in low-level intra-individual as well as intra-specific variation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used for a genome-wide estimate of genetic variation and was able to resolve only two amplitypes of the SDS isolates. Thus, SDS isolates from throughout the U.S. comprise an almost clonal population with an extremely low level of genetic variation among individuals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050585
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the v locus in barley, Hordeum vulgare L. (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 637-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Molecular marker ; v locus (kernel row type) ; Hordeum vulgare L. ; RAPD ; Recombinant backcross line
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Recombinant backcross lines of barley were produced from a cross between Kanto Nakate Gold (KNG; two-rowed) and Azumamugi (AZ; six-rowed) after backcrosses of F1 plants with AZ as the recurrent parent. Each of these lines had an introgressed segment from chromosome 2 of KNG. Two recombinant backcross lines, L1 and M3-13, were used for an initial screening of polymorphism. After screening a total of 888 oligonucleotides as arbitrary primers, we identified eight random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) between backcross lines and AZ. Among the RAPD fragments, CMNA-38700 was linked to the v locus with a recombination frequency of zero, while OPJ-09850 and OPP-02700 were linked to the v locus at a map distance of 1.4 cM. Thus, the three RAPD markers were clustered around the v locus since the lengths of introgressed chromosomal segments in the L1 and M3-13 lines were no less than 38 cM. The other five RAPD fragments that we identified were not linked to the v locus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050606
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of RAPD markers linked to a locus involved in quantitative resistance to TYLCV in tomato by bulked segregant analysis (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 671-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Bulked Segregant Analysis ; Marker-assisted selection ; QTL ; RAPD ; Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  In tomato, Bulked Segregant Analysis was used to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to a quantitative trait locus (QTL) involved in the resistance to the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus. F4 lines were distributed into two pools, each consisting of the most resistant and of the most susceptible individuals, respectively. Both pools were screened using 600 random primers. Four RAPD markers were found to be linked to a QTL responsible for up to 27.7% of the resistance. These markers, localized in the same linkage group within a distance of 17.3 cM, were mapped to chromosome 6 on the tomato RFLP map.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050611
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Direct comparison of levels of genetic variation among barley accessions detected by RFLPs, AFLPs, SSRs and RAPDs (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 714-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Barley ; Genetic relationships ; Molecular analysis ; RFLP ; AFLP ; RAPD ; SSR
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  RFLPs, AFLPs, RAPDs and SSRs were used to determine the genetic relationships among 18 cultivated barley accessions and the results compared to pedigree relationships where these were available. All of the approaches were able to uniquely fingerprint each of the accessions. The four assays differed in the amount of polymorphism detected. For example, all 13 SSR primers were polymorphic, with an average of 5.7 alleles per primer set, while nearly 54% of the fragments generated using AFLPs were monomorphic. The highest diversity index was observed for AFLPs (0.937) and the lowest for RFLP (0.322). Principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA) clearly separated the spring types from the winter types using RFLP and AFLP data with the two-row winter types forming an intermediate group. Only a small group of spring types clustered together using SSR data with the two-row and six-row winter varieties more widely dispersed. Direct comparisons between genetic similarity (GS) estimates revealed by each of the assays were measured by a number of approaches. Spearman rank correlation ranked over 70% of the pairwise comparisons between AFLPs and RFLPs in the same order. SSRs had the lowest values when compared to the other three assays. These results are discussed in terms of the choice of appropriate technology for different aspects of germplasm evaluation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050617
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Species boundaries and interrelationships of two closely related sympatric diploid wild potato species, Solanum astleyi and S. boliviense, based on RAPDs (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 764-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Bootstrap ; UPGMA ; RAPD ; Section Petota ; Taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The more than 200 wild and cultivated species relatives of potato (Solanum sect. Petota) present a valuable germplasm base for cultivar improvement. However, species boundaries and interrelationships within sect. Petota are controversial, inhibiting the efficient organization of the many germplasm collections of these species. One controversy involves questions of species boundaries and interrelationships of S. astleyi and S. boliviense. Solanum boliviense is narrowly endemic to two Departments in southern Bolivia, and S. astleyi is known only from one site entirely within the range of this species, where they co-occur. Both species are diploid and morphologically very similar. Artificial hybrids between them are fully fertile, and the species putatively hybridize naturally. These data have been interpreted to designate them as separate species or as S. astleyi an ecotype of S. boliviense. Putative progenitors of S. astleyi are S. boliviense, S. megistacrolobum subsp. megistacrolobum, and S. megistacrolobum subsp. toralapanum. We evaluated interrelationships among these species with random amplified polymorphic DNA’s (RAPDs) generated for 2 accessions of S. astleyi and 14 accessions of S. boliviense. These represent the entire geographic range of the former species and nearly the entire range of the latter. We also analyzed 1 accession each of S. acaule subsp. acaule, S. acaule subsp. aemulans, S. albicans, S. berthaultii, S. megistacrolobum subsp. megistacrolobum, S. megistacrolobum subsp. toralapanum, S. raphanifolium, S. sogarandinum, and S. sparsipilum. Phenetic analyses of the RAPD data show S. astleyi and S. boliviense to form two distinct groups and to be more similar to each other than to any of the other species investigated, suggesting that S. astleyi and S. boliviense are sister taxa. The divergence of S. astleyi and S. boliviense relative to other species examined suggests that they are worthy of taxonomic recognition at the subspecies, rather than species level, and we propose the new combination S. boliviense subsp. astleyi.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050623
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A genetic map of melon (Cucumis melo L.) based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 791-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Melon ; Cucumis melo L. ; Genetic mapping ; AFLP ; RAPD ; Microsatellite ; DNA markers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Genetic maps facilitate the study of genome structure and evolution, and the identification of monogenic traits or Mendelian components of quantitative traits. We evaluated 228 RAPD, microsatellite and AFLP markers for linkage analysis in melon (Cucumis melo L.) varieties MR-1 (resistant to Fusarium wilt, powdery and downy mildews) and Ananas Yokneum (AY; susceptible to these diseases) and constructed a detailed genetic map. The mapping population consisted of 66 backcross progenies derived from AY×(MR-1×AY). Despite a relatively low level of polymorphism in the species, AFLP markers were found to be more efficient in mapping the melon genome than RAPD or microsatellite markers. The map contains 197 AFLPs, six RAPDs and one microsatellite marker assigned to 14 major and six minor linkage groups, and covers 1942 cM with the average distance between adjacent markers of approximately 10 cM. The maximum distance allowed between markers is 27.5 cM. About 11% of the intervals (20 out of 173) are over 20 cM (but less than 27.5 cM). The map has immediate utility for identifying markers linked to disease resistance genes that are suitable for marker-assisted breeding. The use of microsatellite markers for integration with other maps is also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050627
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimation of outcrossing rate in a breeding population of Eucalyptus urophylla with dominant RAPD and AFLP markers (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 842-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Mating system ; AFLP ; RAPD ; Eucalyptus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Eucalyptus breeding is typically conducted by selection in open-pollinated progenies. As mating is controlled only on the female side of the cross, knowledge of outcrossing versus selfing rates is essential for maintaining adequate levels of genetic variability for continuous gains. Outcrossing rate in an open-pollinated breeding population of Eucalyptus urophylla was estimated by two PCR-based dominant marker technologies, RAPD and AFLP, using 11 open-pollinated progeny arrays of 24 individuals. Estimated outcrossing rates indicate predominant outcrossing and suggest maintenance of adequate genetic variability within families. The multilcous outcrossing rate (tm) estimated from RAPD markers (0.93±0.027), although in the same range, was higher (α〉0.01) than the estimate based on AFLP (0.89±0.033). Both estimates were of similar magnitude to those estimated for natural populations using isozymes. The estimated Wright’s fixation index was lower than expected based on tm possibly resulting from selection against selfed seedlings when sampling plants for the study. An empirical analysis suggests that 18 is the minimum number of dominant marker loci necessary to achieve robust estimates of tm. This study demonstrates the usefulness of dominant markers, both RAPD and AFLP, for estimating the outcrossing rate in breeding and natural populations of forest trees. We anticipate an increasing use of such PCR-based technologies in mating-system studies, in view of their high throughput and universality of the reagents, particularly for species where isozyme systems have not yet been optimized.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050634
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of the genetic maps of Brassica napus and Brassica oleracea (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 569-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Brassica napus ; Brassica oleracea ; Genetic maps ; RFLP ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The genus Brassica consists of several hundreds of diploid and amphidiploid species. Most of the diploid species have eight, nine or ten pairs of chromosomes, known respectively as the B, C, and A genomes. Genetic maps were constructed for both B. napus and B. oleracea using mostly RFLP and RAPD markers. For the B. napus linkage map, 274 RFLPs, 66 RAPDs, and two STS loci were arranged in 19 major linkage groups and ten smaller unassigned segments, covering a genetic distance of 2125 cM. A genetic map of B. oleracea was constructed using the same set of RFLP probes and RAPD primers. The B. oleracea map consisted of 270 RFLPs, 31 RAPDs, one STS, three SCARs, one phenotypic and four isozyme marker loci, arranged into nine major linkage groups and four smaller unassigned segments, covering a genetic distance of 1606 cM. Comparison of the B. napus and B. oleracea linkage maps showed that eight out of nine B. oleracea linkage groups were conserved in the B. napus map. There were also regions in the B. oleracea map showing homoeologies with more than one linkage group in the B. napus map. These results provided molecular evidence for B. oleracea, or a closely related 2n=18 Brassica species, as the C-genome progenitor, and also reflected on the homoeology between the A and C genomes in B. napus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050453
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applicability of inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphisms in wheat for use as DNA markers in comparison to RFLP and RAPD markers (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 597-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Microsatellite DNA ; RAPD ; PCR ; Markers ; Wheats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphic DNA (ISSR) was evaluated for its applicability as a genetic marker system in wheat. PCR was carried out with primers that annealed to simple sequence repeats. The resultant products were subjected to agarose-gel electrophoresis, and the banding patterns were compared among six wheat accessions containing diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid members. Out of 100 examined, 33 primers produced distinguishable as well as polymorphic bands in each of the six accessions. Although most of the primers that gave distinct bands (30 primers out of 33) contained dinucleotide repeats, each of the primers with tri-, tetra-, and penta-nucleotide motifs also yielded discrete bands. Primers based on (AC)n repeats gave the most polymorphic bands. In total, 224 polymorphic bands were found in the comparison between Einkorn wheats whereas, on the average, 120 polymorphic bands were detected between common wheats. ISSR primers produced several times more information than RAPD markers. The extent of band polymorphism was similar to that of RFLP markers, and greater than that of RAPDs. The genetic relationships of wheat accessions estimated by the polymorphism of ISSR markers were identical with those inferred by RFLP and RAPD markers, indicating the reliability of ISSR markers for estimation of genotypes. These polymorphic bands are potential candidates as novel markers for use in linkage-map construction in wheat. The characteristic features of ISSR markers, i.e. polymorphism, generation of information and ease of handling, suggest their applicability to the analysis of genotypes as well as to the construction of PCR-based genome maps of wheats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050456
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Specifying the introgressed regions from H. argophyllus in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to mark Phomopsis resistance genes (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key worsArgophyllus  ;  Helianthus  ;  Sunflower  ;  Introgression  ;  Phomopsis  ;  Diaporthe helianthi  ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A method based upon targetting of intro-gressed markers in a Phomopsis-resistant line (R) of cultivated sunflower, issuing from a H. argophyllus cross was used to mark the Phomopsis resistance regions. Our study was based upon 203 families derived from a cross between an inbred line susceptible to Phomopsis (S1) and the introgressed resistant line (R). Families were checked for Phomopsis resistance level in a design with replicated plots and natural infection was re-inforced by pieces of contaminated stems. Thirty four primers were employed for RAPD analysis. Out of 102 polymorphic fragments between (S1) and H. argophyllus, seven were still present in (R) suggesting that they marked introgressions of H. argophyllus into (R). The plants were scored for the presence or absence of 19 fragments obtained from five primers, and the relationships between the presence/absence of fragments in plants and Phomopsis resistance/susceptiblity in the progenies was determined by using an analysis of variance. We found that at least two introgressed regions, as well as favourable factors from sunflower, contributed to the level of Phomopsis resistance in cultivated sunflower.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050391
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Somatic embryogenesis and somaclonal variation in Norway spruce: morphogenetic, cytogenetic and molecular approaches (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Somaclonal variation ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Conifers ; RAPD ; Trisomy ; Chimerism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Four embryogenic clones of Norway spruce have been subcultivated and observed over several years to determine the evolution of production of mature embryos and to assess the quality of the embryos produced. A wide range of intraclonal quantitative and qualitative variability has been observed within this production. Certain morphologic deviations appeared at the immature stage and after maturation, such as immature embryos with a diffuse organization, complete or part albino mature embryos or acclimated somatic seedlings comparable to dwarf mutants. All of these phenotypic variations could be the result of a modification of the genome itself or of only the expression of the genome. Two approaches, chromosome counting and RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), were chosen for their capacity to detect genotypic variations: respectively, genomic and chromosomic or genic mutations. The cytogenetic approach revealed, for the first time in this species, three cases of mutated acclimated somatic plants: one totally trisomic and two chimeras with trisomic buds and diploid roots. Other cases of 5-year-old trisomic, double trisomic, tetraploid or mixoploid embryogenic masses were also detected. The molecular approach (RAPD) revealed no somaclonal variation despite the large sample of DNA and primers used and the important interclonal variation observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050395
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hybrid origin of some ornamentals of Allium subgenus Melanocrommyum verified with GISH and RAPD (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 1229-1238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Allium ; Ornamental cultivars ; Hybrids ; GISH ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) methods have been used to verify the hybridogenic origin and to identify the parental species of some ornamental cultivars in the subgenus Melanocrommyum of the genus Allium. The cultivars had been selected from seed obtained after uncontrolled pollination in breeders’ fields. The combination of GISH analysis with RAPD markers is very suitable for testing the hybridogenic origin of plants and to ascertain the parental species of the hybrids in such cases. As suspected, A. macleanii and A. cristophii are the parental species of ‘Globemaster’. The parental species of cultivar ‘Globus’ are A. karataviense and A. stipitatum, and not A. cristophii and A. giganteum as has been assumed on morphological grounds. Cultivars ‘Lucy Ball’ and ‘Gladiator’ are of hybrid origin, though only one of the parental species, A. hollandicum, could be confirmed. The cultivars ‘Purple Sensation’, ‘Mount Everest’, ‘White Giant’, ‘Michael H. Hoog’ and ‘Mars’ are not hybrids since neither GISH nor RAPD suggest the presence of a second genome. ‘Purple Sensation’ belongs to A. hollandicum, ‘Mount Everest’, ‘White Giant’ and ‘Mars’ to A. stipitatum,‘Michael H. Hoog’ to A. rosenorum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050686
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of RAPD markers for 11 Hessian fly resistance genes in wheat (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 419-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Wheat ; RAPD ; Marker-assisted selection ; Hessian fly
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The pyramiding of genes that confer race- or biotype-specific resistance has become increasingly attractive as a breeding strategy now that DNA-based marker-assisted selection is feasible. Our objective here was to identify DNA markers closely linked to genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that condition resistance to Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)]. We used a set of near-isogenic wheat lines, each carrying a resistance gene at 1 of 11 loci (H3, H5, H6, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H16 or H17) and developed by backcrossing to the Hessian fly-susceptible wheat cultivar ‘Newton’. Using genomic DNA of these 11 lines and ‘Newton’, we have identified 18 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the 11 resistance genes. Seven of these markers were identified by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and the others by agarose gel electrophoresis. We confirmed linkage to the Hessian fly resistance loci by cosegregation analysis in F2 populations of 50–120 plants for each different gene. Several of the DNA markers were used to determine the presence/absence of specific Hessian fly resistance genes in resistant wheat lines that have 1 or possibly multiple genes for resistance. The use of RAPD markers presents a valuable strategy for selection of single and combined Hessian fly resistance genes in wheat improvement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050431
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic variability of the wild diploid wheat Triticum urartu revealed by RFLP and RAPD markers (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 424-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Triticum urartu ; Wheat ; A genome ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Genetic variability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Genetic variability among 49 accessions of Triticum urartu was estimated by RFLP and RAPD marker analyses, and the two data sets were compared. One T. timopheevii accession and two accessions of T. durum and T. aestivum, respectively, were included to identify T. urartu accessions closely related to these polyploid wheats. Twenty eight RFLP clones and 29 RAPD primers generated 451 and 155 polymorphic bands, respectively. The three accessions from Armenia clustered together and were well separated from all other accessions, which showed less pronounced geographical patterns. Genetic similarity and co-phenetic values calculated with RAPD markers were very similar to those calculated with RFLP markers for the intraspecific comparisons, but not for the interspecific comparisons. The identification of individual T. urartu accessions which are more related to polyploid wheats than others was not possible.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050432
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allotetraploid origin ofAllium altyncolicum (Alliaceae, Allium sect.Schoenoprasum) as investigated by karyological and molecular markers (1997)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 206 (1997), S. 317-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Alliaceae ; Allium altyncolicum ; A. ledebourianum ; A. schoenoprasum ; Allopolyploidy ; C-banding ; GISH ; ITS sequencing ; PCR-RFLP of cpDNA ; RFLP mapping of rDNA ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The tetraploidAllium altyncolicum (2n = 4x = 32) is considered to be of hybrid origin, because most of its morphological characters are intermediate between those of its putative parents,A. schoenoprasum andA. ledebourianum. In the present work an attempt has been made to ascertain its parentage by several methods: Giemsa C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), PCR-RFLP of cpDNA, restriction enzyme mapping of the rDNA, and RAPDs. C-banding and GISH indicates clearly thatA. altyncolicum is a segmental allopolyploid.Allium schoenoprasum andA. ledebourianum are the most likely the parental species and the larger part of the genome ofA. altyncolicum (26 chromosomes) is derived fromA. schoenoprasum. The low genetic divergence between these three species was confirmed by the lack of sequence variation in the ITS sequences of nuclear rRNA genes and of the plastid rbcL-atpB intergenic spacer. Both parental species andA. altyncolicum could be distinguished by RFLP of the rDNA repeats. The geographic origin of the putative parental species was investigated using RAPDs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987955
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phenetic investigation of non-nodulating African species ofAcacia (Leguminosae) using morphological and molecular markers (1997)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 205 (1997), S. 27-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Leguminosae ; Mimosoideae ; Acacia ; Aculeiferum ; Monacanthea ; African acacias ; classification ; molecular markers ; RAPD ; morphology ; nodulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Morphological and RAPD markers were used to assess the relationships among nodulating and non-nodulating species of AfricanAcacia. Non-nodulating species of AfricanAcacia are only found within subg.Aculeiferum sect.Monacanthea. African species of sect.Monacanthea examined were found to form a group distinct from the other African species examined on a morphological and molecular basis. All lack the ability to nodulate, suggesting that non-nodulation may be used as a taxonomic tool. The species of sect.Aculeiferum were separated by RAPD and morphological analysis into two groups depending on whether they were armed with prickles in pairs and/or prickles in threes, or solitary. A third group of species was identified within sect.Acacia: further subdivision of this group was achieved into subsectt.Pluriseriae andUniseriae. The position ofA. albida relative to other AfricanAcacia species was found to be distinct but not totally independent of the genus. The partitioning and distribution of the genetic variability within the genus is further elucidated by the RAPD analysis of populations ofAcacia species. A population analysis ofA. polyacantha demonstrated geographical and site-specific variation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982796
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of parental DNA markers inEncelia virginensis (Asteraceae: Heliantheae), a diploid species of putative hybrid origin (1997)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 205 (1997), S. 205-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Asteraceae ; Encelia virginensis ; E. actoni ; E. frutescens ; Diploid hybrid speciation ; RAPD ; chloroplast DNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Morphological, geographical and ecological evidence suggests thatEncelia virginensis is a true-breeding diploid species derived from hybrids ofE. actoni andE. frutescens. To test this hypothesis, we examined the chloroplast and nuclear DNA of severalEncelia species. PCR amplification targeted three separate regions of chloroplast DNA:trnK-2621/trnK-11,rbcL/ORF106, andpsbA3/TrnI-51, which amplify 2600bp, 3300bp and 3200bp fragments respectively. Restriction fragment analysis of chloroplast DNA revealed no variation that could be used to discriminate between the parent species. A RAPD analysis using 109 dekamer primers was used to analyze the nuclear genome.Encelia actoni andE. frutescens were distinguished by several high-frequency RAPD markers. In populations ofE. virginensis, these markers were detected in varying proportions, and no unique markers were found. Evidence from the nuclear genome supports the hypothesis thatE. virginensis is of hybrid origin. ThatE. virginensis may have arisen by normal divergent speciation followed by later introgression remains a possibility, however, and is not formally ruled out here. Diploid hybrid speciation inEncelia differs from other documented cases in that there are no discernible chromosome differences between the species, and all interspecific hybrids are fully fertile. In addition, apparent ecological selection against backcross progeny provides an external barrier to reproduction between F1 progeny and the parental species. These characteristics suggest that hybrid speciation inEncelia may represent an alternative model for homoploid hybrid speciation involving external reproductive barriers. In particular, this may be the case for other proposed diploid hybrid taxa that also exhibit little chromosomal differentiation and have fertile F1s.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01464406
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic analysis of aMicroseris douglasii (Asteraceae) population polymorphic for an alien chloroplast type (1997)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 206 (1997), S. 273-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Asteraceae ; Microseris ; Chloroplast introgression ; reticulate evolution ; RAPD ; RFLP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Recent evidence suggests chloroplast introgression fromMicroseris bigelovii intoM. douglasii. We have examined 23 plants from a population ofM. douglasii polymorphic forM. douglasii andM. bigelovii chloroplast types. All 23 plants were completely homozygous for morphological and RAPD markers, and inbred lines derived by selfing have been used for DNA analysis. Chloroplast RFLP analysis identified 16 plants withM. bigelovii chloroplasts and seven withM. douglasii chloroplasts. The nuclear genomes of the 16 plants withM. bigelovii chloroplasts were examined with 22 primers for RAPD amplification products shared exclusively withM. bigelovii. Five of 268 markers appeared to be shared betweenM. bigelovii and one or more of these 16 plants on the basis of their position in gels. Detailed examination of these five amplification products showed that none of them are nuclear DNA fromM. bigelovii. Very little, if any, nuclear DNA fromM. bigelovii can be present inM. douglasii plants with chloroplasts typical ofM. bigelovii. The study demonstrates the usefulness of the RAPD technique for screening large numbers of markers to select a few potentially informative ones for rigorous examination.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987952
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A first linkage map of Cichorium intybus L. using a one-way pseudo-testcross and PCR-derived markers (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 3 (1997), S. 415-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Schlagwort(e): AFLP ; SAMPL ; RAPD ; interspecific hybrid ; molecular map ; chicory
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract We have used a one-way pseudo-testcross mapping strategy in combination with different types of PCR-based markers (RAPD, AFLP, SAMPL) to construct a first linkage map for variegated chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. silvestre Biskoff, n=9), a self-incompatible vegetable species. The success of such a strategy depends on the presence of sufficiently high levels of heterozygosity in the individual plant which is being mapped and on the informativeness of the marker system that is used. A total of 371 markers, comprising 16 RAPDs, 72 SAMPLs and 283 AFLPs, were scored in 46 F1 individuals obtained from an interspecific cross between a C. intybus outbred individual and a C. endivia inbred line. Grouping of the markers at a LOD score of 4.0 resulted in 13 linkage groups covering 1330 cM. A framework map covering 1201.4 cM was assembled by using all markers that could be ordered with a LOD greater than 2.0. We estimate the total genome size of chicory to be ca. 1405 cM, thus considerably smaller than that estimated for lettuce (1950 cM). The usefulness of the different marker systems that were applied is analysed in terms of level of heterozygosity and marker index, i.e. number of different genetic loci that may be simultaneously analysed per experiment. Out of the 371 markers, 50 of them showed segregation distortion which is discussed in terms of the hybrid origin of the variegated chicory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009616801404
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of photo-induced and non-photo-induced sporulator physiotypes ofBipolaris oryzae in Japan (1997)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 38 (1997), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Bipolaris oryzae ; mycochrome ; photo-control of conidiation ; RAPD ; RFLP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The distribution of three sporulator physiotypes ofBipolaris oryzae, namely, photo-induced, and non-photo-induced (I) and (II), was investigated. Of 407 isolates, 99% belonged to the photo-induced type, in which conidial development was under photo-control of the antagonistic action of blue/UV-A and near-UV radiation mediated through the ‘mycochrome’ system at conidiophore induction and conidiophore maturation stages. Of the remainder, 1 isolate belonged to the non-photo-induced (I) type, and 4 isolates belonged to the non-photo-induced (II) type. Conidial development in the former of these was photo-controlled by the ‘mycochrome’ system at conidiophore maturation stage alone, while in the latter it was not affected by light conditions. No difference was found between the three physiotypes in restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of rDNA. However, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) revealed polymorphisms between photo-induced and non-photo-induced isolates and showed that non-photo-induced (I) and (II) strains were clustered in the same group, suggesting that they are genetically close. Photo-induced sporulators ofB. oryzae were confirmed to be widely distributed in paddy fields in Japan.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02460850
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gelling agents for tissue culture of the seaweed Hizikia fusiformis (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 9 (1997), S. 489-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): Gelling agent ; Hizikia ; RAPD ; seaweed ; tissue culture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Callus and blade formation of the seaweed Hizikia fusiformis depended on the gelling agents used under axenic culture conditions. Excised cylindrical pieces (5 mm) of the hold fast were cultured on seven different gelling agents in seawater with added Provasoli's enrichment (PESI), at 40 µmol m−2 s−1 light intensity, 18 −C for 1 month. The highest percent of callus formation (47%), from holdfast pieces, was produced on solid medium composed of 2.0% high gel strength agar. No callus was formed in liquid medium. Blades, from holdfast pieces, were formed in PESI liquid medium at the rate of 45%, while the high level of axenic blade formation (30%) on solid support was observed on 0.5% high gel strength agar. Callus and blade were identified with the original strain, at the DNA level, using random amplified polymorphic DNAs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007980519620
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of coupling-repulsion-phase SCAR markers diagnostic for the sugar beet Rr1 allele conferring resistance to rhizomania (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 3 (1997), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Schlagwort(e): BNYVV ; BSA ; RAPD ; rhizomania resistance ; SCAR ; sugar beet
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In sugar beet genotypes with the ‘Holly’ type of resistance to rhizomania, a disease due to infection of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), the major gene rrl is responsible for resistance. Twelve RAPD markers linked to rrl were selected by BSA and mapped on linkage group IV using a segregating population previously analysed by the same group. Markers F61050 and N9600 were tightly linked, respectively in coupling and repulsion, to the Rrl allele (recombination values of 1.4 cM for both markers). After sequencing the products amplified by F61050 and N9600, new PCR primers were used to generate the two SCAR markers F6 and N9. The simultaneous use of these markers in a PCR reaction allows the correct fingerprinting of rrl rrl, Rrl rrl and Rrl Rrl sugar beet plants in populations segregating for the ‘Holly’ resistance. In a group of sugar beet elite lines containing the ‘Holly’ type of rhizomania resistance, SCAR F6 is always present whereas the SCAR N9 fragment is absent. Thus, in marker-assisted selection with coupling-repulsion-phase markers, SCAR F6 can be used in combination with N9, or together with any other RAPD marker linked in repulsion to the Rrl allele.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009626214058
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Marker-assisted transfer of acylsugar-mediated pest resistance from the wild tomato, Lycopersicon pennellii, to the cultivated tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 3 (1997), S. 307-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Schlagwort(e): insect resistance ; marker-assisted selection ; PCR ; quantitative trait loci ; RAPD ; RFLP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Acylsugars exuded from type IV trichomes mediate the multiple pest resistance found in the wild tomato species, Lycopersicon pennellii. A marker-assisted selection breeding program was used to attempt the transfer of the ability to accumulate acylsugars to cultivated tomato. RFLP and PCR-based markers were used through three backcross generations to select plants containing 5 target regions associated by QTL analysis with acylsugar accumulation. The BC1F1 plant selected possessed all 5 target regions and accumulated acylsugars at a moderate level similar to that of the interspecific F1 control. The BC2F1 and BC3F1 selections contained complementary subsets of the 5 target regions and did not accumulate acylsugars. BC3F1 plants with complementary subsets of the 5 target regions were intermated to produce populations segregating for the 5 target regions. From 1000 BC3F1-intermated plants, three plants were found which accumulated acylsugars at low levels and contained 3 to 5 of the target regions. The recovery of acylsugar accumulation in progeny of the intermated BC3F1 plants supports the involvement of at least some of the 5 target regions in acylsugar biosynthesis. However, since the levels of acylsugars accumulated by these plants were lower than that of the interspecific F1, it is likely that another, as of yet unidentified, region is necessary for accumulation of higher levels of acylsugars.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009677412902
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reproducibility testing of RAPD, AFLP and SSR markers in plants by a network of European laboratories (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 3 (1997), S. 381-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Schlagwort(e): DNA markers ; RAPD ; AFLP ; SSR ; microsatellite ; network ; reproducibility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A number of PCR-based techniques can be used to detect polymorphisms in plants. For their wide-scale usage in germplasm characterisation and breeding it is important that these marker technologies can be exchanged between laboratories, which in turn requires that they can be standardised to yield reproducible results, so that direct collation and comparison of the data are possible. This article describes a network experiment involving several European laboratories, in which the reproducibility of three popular molecular marker techniques was examined: random-amplified fragment length polymorphism (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and sequence-tagged microsatellites (SSR). For each technique, an optimal system was chosen, which had been standardised and routinely used by one laboratory. This system (genetic screening package) was distributed to different participating laboratories in the network and the results obtained compared with those of the original sender. Different experiences were gained in this exchange experiment with the different techniques. RAPDs proved difficult to reproduce. For AFLPs, a single-band difference was observed in one track, whilst SSR alleles were amplified by all laboratories, but small differences in their sizing were obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009612517139
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of PCR-based marker systems for the analysis of genetic relationships in cultivated potato (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 3 (1997), S. 127-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Schlagwort(e): AFLP ; genetic relationships ; potato ; RAPD ; SSR
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The application of AFLPs, RAPDs and SSRs to examine genetic relationships in the primary northwestern European cultivated potato gene pool was investigated. Sixteen potato cultivars were genotyped using five AFLP primer combinations, 14 RAPD primers, and 17 database-derived SSR primer pairs. All three approaches successfully discriminated between the 16 cultivars using a minimum of one assay. Similarity matrices produced for each marker type on the basis of Nei and Li coefficients showed low correlations when compared with different statistical tests. Dendrograms were produced from these data for each marker system. The usefulness of each system was examined in terms of number of loci revealed (effective multiplex ratio, or EMR) and the amount of polymorphism detected (diversity index, or DI). AFLPs had the highest EMR, and SSRs the highest DI. A single parameter, marker index (MI), which is the product of DI and EMR, was used to evaluate the overall utility of each marker system. The use of these PCR-based marker systems in potato improvement and statutory applications is discussed. Abbreviations: PCR, polymerase chain reaction; AFLP, amplified fragment length polymorphism; RAPD, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; EMR, effective multiplex ratio; DI, diversity index; MI, marker index; RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009633005390
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A molecular marker associated with the H21 Hessian fly resistance gene in wheat (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 3 (1997), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Schlagwort(e): bulked segregant analysis ; H21 ; near-isogenic lines (NILs) ; RAPD ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Near-isogenic lines in conjunction with bulked segregant analysis were used to identify a DNA marker in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) associated with the H21 gene conferring resistance to biotype L of Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] larvae. Near-isogenic lines were developed by backcross introgression BC3F3:4 (‘Coker 797’ * 4 / ‘Hamlet’) and differed by the presence or absence of H21 (on 2RL) derived from ‘Chaupon’ rye (Secale cereale L.). Bulked DNA samples were prepared from near-isogenic lines and BC3F2 population individuals segregating for reaction to Hessian fly biotype L and screened for random amplified polymorphic DNA markers using 46 10mer primers. Random-amplified polymorphic DNA markers from resistant and susceptible individuals and parental lines were scored and these data were used to identify a 3 kb DNA fragment that was related to the occurrence of H21. This fragment was amplified from DNA isolated from Hamlet, a near-isogenic line carrying 2RL, and bulked DNA from resistant BC3F2 individuals, but not from the recurrent parent Coker 797 or DNA bulks from susceptible BC3F2 plants. Analysis of 111 BC3F2 segregating individuals and BC3F2:3 segregants confirmed the co-segregation of the 3 kb DNA marker with the H21 resistance gene to Hessian fly. Use of this marker could facilitate more rapid screening of plant populations for Hessian fly resistance and monitoring the introgression of H21.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009606304447
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mapping and QTL analysis of horticultural traits in a narrow cross in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using random-amplified polymorphic DNA markers (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 3 (1997), S. 257-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Schlagwort(e): determinate ; genetic markers ; multiple lateral branching ; plant architecture ; quantitative trait loci ; sex expression ; cucumber ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract An 80-point genetic map [77 random-amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD), F (female sex expression), de (determinate), and ll (little leaf)] was constructed from a narrow cross in cucumber using the determinate, gynoecious, standard-sized leaf line G421 and the indeterminate, monoecious, little leaf line H-19. The map defined nine linkage groups and spanned ca. 600 cM with an average distance between markers of 8.4 ± 9.4 cM. The RAPD loci BC-551 and BC-592 were found to flank ll at 3.4 and 12.2 cM, respectively. The locus OP-L18-2 was linked (16 cM) to de, and the F locus was flanked by markers at 44 and 31 cM. One-hundred F3 families were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for sex expression, main stem length, number of lateral branches, days to anthesis, fruit number and weight, fruit length and diameter, and fruit length: diameter ratio in two replicated test locations (Wisconsin and Georgia). QTL on linkage group B explained major portions (R2 = ca. 2 to 74%) of the variation observed for sex expression, main stem length, lateral branch number, and fruit diameter (LOD = 2.1 to 29.8). Although ca. 62 to 74% of the variation for sex expression was associated with a putative QTL spanning the F locus (OP-AJ-2 to F and F to de), other regions (three) of the genome were important for the determination of sex in the F3 families examined depending upon environment. The number of genomic regions affecting main stem length (five) and number of lateral branches (three) coincided with expectations as determined by calculations of minimum number of genes in previous studies. Evaluation of QTL associated with several fruit number determinants of early, first-harvest yield demonstrating additive genetic variance (i.e., sex expression, main stem length, and number of laterals) suggests that marker-assisted selection may have utility for the development of determinate, multiple lateral branching germplasm suited for once-over mechanical harvesting in this population.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009689002015
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular records of micro-evolution within the Algerian population of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis during its spread to new oases (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 103 (1997), S. 485-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): bayoud disease ; date palm ; population genetics ; RAPD ; RFLP ; VCG
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The genetic diversity of the date palm wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis in Algeria was assessed using vegetative compatibility, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Ninety-eight isolates were collected from the main infested regions, Touat, Gourara and Mzab, and 6 isolates from Morocco were added for comparison. All isolates were vegetatively compatible and belonged to VCG 0170. No variation was detected in the mtDNA of a subset of 73 isolates and the RAPD analysis indicated that they were genetically very closely related. However, some geographic substructuring was apparent, suggesting that local diversification of the pathogen might have occurred. These results provide evidence that the Algerian isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis belong to a same clonal lineage and support the hypothesis that they were probably founded by a single virulent clone that originated from the Moroccan oases where the date palm wilt (Bayoud disease) was first detected. Based on similarity of RAPD patterns occurring in different oases, and on historical records of the Bayoud disease in Algeria, spread of the pathogen in the different regions is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008644515046
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Subdivision and genetic structure of four populations of Venturia inaequalis in Switzerland (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 103 (1997), S. 565-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): apple scab ; PCR-RFLP ; population genetics ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Analyses of four populations of Venturia inaequalis in Switzerland were performed to obtain information about migration and to predict the probable speed of the spread of new pathotypes able to overcome resistance, e.g. Vf-resistance, of new cultivars. Genetic and haplotype diversity was calculated based on allele frequencies of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-region of ribosomal DNA, which are regarded to be neutral, and the β-tubulin locus which may be under selection pressure. Within-population diversity was found to be quite similar over all four populations. Normalised haplotype diversity based on RAPD and ITS data was very high with a mean of 0.95. Diversity among populations (GST) was consistent over all neutral loci with a low mean of 0.04, but reached the high value of 0.26 for the selected β-tubulin locus. Low GST based on neutral loci may suggest a high level of gene flow. Considering these results, new pathotypes would be expected soon outside their place of identification. But actual gene flow is easily overestimated because of effects of gene flow in the past. However, naturally occurring gene flow could be increased by human activity. Therefore, it is very difficult to predict durability of the Vf-resitance in Switzerland.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008636913211
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Extraction of DNA from anostracan cysts (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) for use in RAPD-PCR analyses (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 359 (1997), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Crustacea ; Anostraca ; cysts ; egg bank ; RAPD ; PCR
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Like many diapausing crustaceans, anostracans (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) produce encysted embryos capable of surviving the long periods of desiccation typical of their environments. These cysts are far more abundant and are easier to collect than adults and for some applications they are superior to adults as subjects for genetic analysis. Due to the lack of minimal tissue size requirements, PCR-based analysis is the best alternative for genetic study of cysts. We describe a method for the fast extraction of DNA from cysts, yielding template for RAPD-PCR analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003154618381
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphological and molecular characterization of Colletotrichum spp. from citrus orchards affected by postbloom fruit drop in Brazil (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 103 (1997), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): Colletotrichum acutatum ; citrus postbloom fruit drop disease ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Brazilian isolates of Colletotrichum spp. from citrus orchards affected by postbloom fruit drop were examined for colony colour, mycelial growth, benomyl-resistance, pathogenicity, and genetic variability by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. All isolates were obtained from flowers and persistent calyxes from different citrus hosts from Sao Paulo, Brazil. DNA polymorphisms detected after amplification with random 10-mer primers were used to classify the isolates into two groups. Group I isolates grew rapidly on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and were sensitive to benomyl, and group II isolates grew slowly on PDA and were benomyl-resistant. Colletotrichum acutatum was analyzed by RAPD and had high genetic similarity with group II isolates of Colletotrichum from citrus. Probably, the group I is C. gloeosporioides and group II is C. acutatum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008627302706
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of chloroplast and nuclear phylogeny in the autogamous annualMicroseris douglasii (Asteraceae: Lactuceae) (1997)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 204 (1997), S. 49-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Asteraceae ; Microseris ; Chloroplast phylogeny ; cpRFLP ; cytoplasmic introgression ; RAPD ; selfing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Morphology suggests that the Californian annualMicroseris douglasii is a monophyletic sister group to the other three diploid annuals ofMicroseris. Phylogenetic analysis of 44 inbred strains ofM. douglasii derived from 23 populations with 72 RAPD markers in the nuclear DNA strongly supports this phylogeny. However, 13 chloroplast RFLPs divideM. douglasii into four distinct groups. Two of these each share one or more cpRFLPs withM. bigelovii andM. pygmaea. Several hypotheses can explain the incongruence between nuclear and chloroplast phylogeny: (1) random sorting out of chloroplasts during phylogeny from a polymorphic pool, (2) cytoplasmic introgression from the related annualM. bigelovii intoM. douglasii after hybridization followed by elimination of theM. bigelovii nuclear genome. We suggest cytoplasmic introgression as the most likely origin. Possible remnants of nuclear introgression have been found in two populations ofM. douglasii that are polymorphic for chloroplast types. In these populationsM. bigelovii type chloroplast DNA seems to be accompanied by nuclear genes for flower color and leaf shape.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982531
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hybridization and evolution inCardamine (Brassicaceae) at Urnerboden, Central Switzerland: Biosystematic and molecular evidence (1997)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 204 (1997), S. 233-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Brassicaceae ; Cardamine amara ; C. ×insueta ; C. rivularis ; C. schulzii ; Hybridization ; evolution ; amphiploidy ; introgression ; cpDNA ; isozymes ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Hybridization between two diploid (2n = 2x = 16) species ofBrassicaceae, Cardamine rivularis andC. amara, at Urnerboden, Central Switzerland, resulted in the rather unusual triploid hybridC. insueta (2n = 3x = 24), and later on in the amphiploidC. schulzii (2n = 6x = 48). The hybrid and the neopolyploid species colonized successfully some man-made biotopes. Plants ofC. insueta are mostly functional females with non-dehiscent anthers, but true hermaphrodite individuals with partly sterile pollen grains also occur within the population. Analyses of cpDNA and nuclear DNA permitted to establish the parentage of the hybrid: the maternal parent which contributed unreduced egg cells proved to beC. rivularis whereas the normally reduced pollen originated fromC. amara. The pronounced genetic variability inC. insueta revealed by isozyme and RAPD analyses, at variance with the polarized segregation, heterogamy and strong vegetative reproduction of the hybrid, is possibly influenced by recurrent formation ofC. insueta which party results from backcrosses betweenC. insueta andC. rivularis but may also proceed by other pathways. The amphiploidCardamine schulzii has normally developed anthers but its pollen is sometimes highly sterile. The surprisingly uniform genetic make-up of the new amphiploid species might be related to its possible monotopic origin and/or young phylogenetic age but should be further assessed. Site management seems to be very important to a further development of hybridogenous populations and their parent species. In conclusion, the evolution at Urnerboden is discussed in the context of the traditional concept of multiple plant origins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989208
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic analysis among and within populations forming ecotypes and cultivars of lucerne,Medicago sativa (Leguminosae), using RAPD fragments (1997)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 208 (1997), S. 107-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Leguminosae ; Medicago sativa ; Alfalfa ; cultivar discrimination ; DNA ; RAPD ; population genetics ; Mahalanobis distance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We conducted this study to determine whether the analysis of the population frequency of individual RAPD fragments amplified from DNA of single seedlings could be used to discriminate cultivars of lucerne and compare the relatedness of cultivars of differing geographic and genetic origin. Canonical discriminant analysis of RAPD banding data obtained from amplification of DNA from 40 seedlings of each of ten cultivars (six Iranian ecotypic cultivars, two cultivars from New Zealand and two from the USA) with one selected primer enabled discrimination of most cultivars (78% of pairwise comparisons at P 〈 0.01 among the ten cultivars examined in this study). Comparison of the Mahalanobis generalized distances among the cultivars produced results for genetic relatedness which were generally consistent with geographical origin and breeding relationships. Cultivar uniformity was assessed by determining the percentage of seedlings correctly classified into the named cultivar; this was variable among cultivars and the Iranian ecotypic cultivars had a particularly wide range of variability. Analysis of population genetics in lucerne using RAPD banding data may be useful for plant improvement, in descriptions of new cultivars and also when assessing cultivar purity in seed certification programmes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986085
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diversity analysis and species identification in Lens using PCR generated markers (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 96 (1997), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): RAPD ; PCR ; genetic diversity ; 5S rRNA ; Lens ; lentil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis we assessed the genetic relationships between 16 accessions and cultivars of lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris) in the Australian lentil breeding program. All lines exhibited polymorphism with a maximum dissimilarity value of 0.36. This indicated a limited degree of genetic variation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers based on the flanking regions of the 5S rRNA gene from Pisum sativum amplified the non-translated spacer (NTS) region from within the 5S rRNA gene of Lens. Three distinct amplification banding patterns differentiated between restricted genomic DNA of Lens spp. L. culinaris ssp. culinaris and L. culinaris ssp. orientalis shared similar markers of two distinctly different NTS sizes. L. nigricans and L. odemensis shared the same amplification pattern of a single sized NTS region. However, L. ervoides contained two separate sizes of NTS, distinct from other Lens species. In an effort to widen the genetic base of cultivated lentil, these species-specific molecular markers may be used to follow potential introgression between species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003097600701
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic diversity in Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) as revealed by RAPD markers (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 95 (1997), S. 157-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): andean ; cultigroups ; genetic variability ; Lima bean ; mesoamerican ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The genetic variability of 46 accessions of the Lima bean (P. lunatus L.) including 16 wild forms and 30 landraces belonging to the three cultigroups Big lima, Sieva, Potato, and their intermediates, was evaluated using RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers. Twelve oligonucleotide primers produced 172 RAPD markers which allowed the differentiation of two main groups: the mesoamerican and the andean groups. This was confirmed by an AMOVA analysis which indicated that 37.7% of the variation was found between these two groups. For each botanical form (wild and cultivated), the molecular markers showed that small-seeded types (i.e. Sieva and Potato types and their related wild forms) had a wide distribution (from Mexico to Argentina) while the large-seeded types (Big lima type and its related wild forms) were circumscribed to the narrow west-coastal region from Ecuador to Bolivia. The results are in favour of an independent domestication process within the two groups, as the differentiation between mesoamerican and andean accessions was found to occur in both wild forms and landraces. Within each of the two main groups, wild forms and landraces were also found to be genetically differentiated and higher genetic diversity was observed among landraces than among wild forms. Within the mesoamerican landraces, low but significant differentiation between the Sieva and Potato cultigroups was observed. Some suggestions and hypotheses are discussed about evolution of the two small-seeded types.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002910114869
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic variation of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in carrots revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 95 (1997), S. 259-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): cytoplasmic male sterility ; Daucus carota ; ssp. sativus ; mitochondrial DNA ; pedigree analysis ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Mitochondrial and nuclear genomic diversities of 8 carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus) varieties, including 6 pure lines and 2 cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) lines, were taxonomically identified using PCR with 19 RAPD primers. Dendrograms based on polymorphisms of both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes were constructed. According to the dendrogram of the mitochondrial genome revealed by RAPD, 4 differentiated clusters formed, in good accordance with the classification based on analyses with restriction enzyme digestion. Two cms lines were grouped into the same cluster, as genetically separated from the others. Thus, the cytoplasm donors of these male sterile lines were thought to be wild carrots. Conversely, RAPD analysis of the nuclear genome for these eight cultivars revealed no evident clusters although some cultivars were of a similar origin or place of cultivation. A correlation between nuclear and mitochondrial dendrograms was absent. RAPD has proved to be a useful tool for identifying mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. This technique will greatly aid in promoting efficient improvement of carrots.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002901112164
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The use of Rapd markers for lentil genetic mapping and the evaluation of distorted F2 segregation (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 96 (1997), S. 405-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Lens culinaris ; linkage ; RAPD ; segregation distortion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract To maximize the extent of polymorphism within a mapping population wide crosses are often made, frequently resulting in distorted segregation. Two parents used in the crosses in this study contained ca 50% from wild lentil genome (Lens culinaris ssp. Orientalis). We investigated the use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in the lentil (Lens culinaris Med.), for genetic mapping and testing for segregation distortion in F2 populations. In cross 1, 83% of the RAPD markers showed segregation distortion, which was also observed for isozyme and morphological loci. By contrast, in cross 2, there was little (10%) segregation distortion. Out of 390 primers tested, 116 primers (29.7%) yielded 192 polymorphic fragments between parents of cross 2. This polymorphism was confirmed as reproducible. Seventy-eight segregating loci were analyzed for linkage, at a LOD score 〉 3.0, resulted in 28 RAPD, one RFLP, one morphological and three oligonucleotide markers, which were assigned to 9 linkage groups spanning 206 cM. Clearly, in lentil RAPD markers were valuable for genetic mapping and evaluation of segregation distortion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003045000568
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Geographical distribution of genetic variation in Stylosanthes scabra revealed by RAPD analysis (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 98 (1997), S. 21-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Stylosanthes scabra ; genetic variation ; geographical distribution ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A large number of S. scabra accessions have been accumulated worldwide. The majority of them were collected from Brazil and most of the others came from either Colombia or Venezuela. One hundred of these accessions, selected to represent the geographical distribution of the S. scabra collection held at the Australian Tropical Forages Genetic Resource Centre, were analysed using RAPD as markers. Seven of these accessions were found not to be S. scabra. Of the S. scabra accessions, the average dissimilarity value among Brazilian accessions (0.053) was much lower than that among Colombian (0.074) or Venezuelan (0.088) accessions, with an overall dissimilarity value of 0.059 among all the S. scabra accessions. Based on their dissimilarity values, most of these accessions could be separated into five groups. Geographical distributions for most accessions in each of these groups were well defined. Limited long distance introductions/dispersions of S. scabra between these regions were detected and they were mainly confined to Brazilian genotypes. The clustering results based on RAPD were compared with those based on morphological-agronomical characters, and the groups produced by the two different methods did not always match. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003026915825
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DNA fingerprinting: application to conservation of the CITES-listed dragon fish, Scleropages formosus (Osteoglossidae) (1997)
    Springer
    Aquarium sciences and conservation 1 (1997), S. 91-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1448
    Schlagwort(e): Endangered fish ; DNA fingerprinting ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Microsatellites ; Captive-bred
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Since 1975,CITES has listed the dragon fish, Scleropages formosus, as anendangered species. In 1995, a captive-bred population was set upby a commercial fish farm with assistance from the PrimaryProduction Department in Singapore. Other farms in Indonesia andMalaysia followed suit. These populations have contributed to animmediate conservation of the species. Due to very high demandfor this ornamental fish, these venues may be its last sanctuary. DNA fingerprints of the dragon fish were obtained by different methods from the green, red and gold varieties grown in a Singapore fish farm to determine which method was most suitable in providing information on genetic variability. Because a DNA fingerprint is a pattern made up of DNA fragments that are resolved by electrophoresis, each individual has its own unique ‘fingerprint’ due to a genetic make-up different from another individual. Thus, genetic variability was best studied by developing DNA fingerprints. Firstly, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were obtained. DNA fragments formed by cleavage with nine restriction endonucleases used singly were hybridized individually to four non-radioactively labelled probes to give RFLPs. The RFLPs for each variety were similar and genomic DNA from each variety had many binding sites to the probes. This made differentiating RFLPs specific to individual varieties difficult. Secondly, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints were developed. DNA fragments that were resolved on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel were hybridized to seven arbitrary primers used singly. RAPD fingerprints for each variety were different for each primer tested. The similarity index indicated low genetic variability between varieties. Lastly, DNA was screened for microsatellite loci which refer to short tandem repeats of two or three bases. The occurrence of other microsatellite loci, their chromosome location and frequency is being investigated while primers have been designed to detect more loci by the polymerase chain reaction. As this method provides undisputed and reproducible evidence of relatedness and stock identification, and can be applied for long-term management of domesticated populations through pedigree construction and evaluation of heterozygosity, it is the preferred choice to determine genetic variability
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018387601905
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dna amplification polymorphisms of Mucor piriformis (1997)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (1997), S. 167-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): Mucor piriformis ; postharvest decay ; RAPD ; genetic variability ; mating
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Mucor piriformis can cause postharvest decay in various fruits and vegetables stored at low temperatures. Thirty isolates of this fungus, collected from infected fruit, were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Seven different 10-bp primers were used to determine the type and extent of intraspecific genetic polymorphisms. Nineteen composite amplification types were identified, indicating a higher degree of variability than found in previous isoenzyme studies. Numerical analysis with the UPGMA technique revealed three clusters, which correlated with the mating competency of the isolates or their place of origin. These results demonstrate that RAPD analysis can identify isolates and subspecific populations of M. piriformis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000389829718
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The use of RAPD markers to facilitate the identification of Oryza species within a germplasm collection (1997)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Schlagwort(e): classification ; genetic resources ; Oryza ; RAPD ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract RAPD analysis was carried out using 93 accessions held within the Oryza collection in the Genetic Resource Center at IRRI. These accessions had been designated as O. meridionalis, O. glumaepatula, O. nivara or O. rufipogon on the basis of the identification of the original collector although in some cases these had been subjected to subsequent taxonomic revision. Following numerical analysis of the RAPD data, we propose that five of the forty accessions designated as O. meridionalis and four of the 22 accessions designated as O. glumaepatula have been mis-identified. The relationship between accessions designated as O. nivara and O. rufipogon is complex, although it appears that some mis-identification has also occurred for these two taxa. The results indicate that RAPD technology can be used as a fast and accurate method to assist in the validation of the identification of wild Oryza species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008678231467
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of reproductive isolation between pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) and P. ramosum, P. schweinfurthii, P. squamulatum, Cenchrus ciliaris (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 93 (1997), S. 97-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): interspecific hybridization ; post-zygotic abortion ; embryo rescue ; amphiploidy ; somatic embryogenesis ; RAPD ; Pennisetum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Crosses between pearl millet lines and Pennisetum ramosum, P. schweinfurthii, P. squamulatum or Cenchrus ciliaris were observed for the frequency and development of zygotes, the possibility of embryo rescue, and the fertility of F1 hybrids obtained. Eight per cent of the ovules from diploid millet × P. ramosum crosses showed small embryos which could not be rescued. However, 59% of the ovules from tetraploid millet × P. ramosum crosses showed well-developed embryos that were easy to rescue 14 days after pollination. F1 hybrids were male sterile but female fertile when pollinated by diploid millet. Both diploid and tetraploid millet ovules showed the presence of hybrid zygotes after pollination with P. schweinfurthii at rates ranging from 25% to 45%. The diploid millet× P. schweinfurthii hybrid zygotes often developed almost normal seeds giving, without embryo rescue, totally sterile plants. The tetraploid millet × P. schweinfurthii hybrid embryos were normal but the endosperm was severely defective. A hybrid obtained by embryo rescue was totally sterile. A diploid millet-P. schweinfurthii amphidiploid was obtained by somatic embryogenesis associated with colchicine treatment during callogenesis. This amphiploid plant was male sterile, but gave many seeds when pollinated by a tetraploid millet and few seeds when pollinated by a diploid millet. P. squamulatum pollinating diploid millets produced proembryos with large undifferentiated endosperms in 73% of the ovules. A normal seed set was observed on tetraploid millets pollinated by P. squamulatum and the resulting F1 hybrids were partially male and female fertile. Backcrosses of these hybrids were much more fertile when pollination was from a tetraploid millet rather than from a diploid millet. C. ciliaris pollinating a diploid millet showed, in 60% of the ovules, proembryos and endosperms similar to those observed with P. squamulatum and no hybrid could be rescued. Crosses with a tetraploid millet could not be attempted due to the pistil-pollen incompatibility of tetraploid millets available with C. ciliaris. Ploidy levels of mating partners do not seem to influence pistil-pollen compatibility, but play a major role in post-zygotic abortion. With adequate ploidy levels of parents, and embryo rescue, it seems that the pearl millet gene pool can be considerably enlarged by germplasm from many other species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002991721159
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the sex expression locus M in asparagus (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 329-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): asparagus ; dioecious ; RAPD ; SCAR ; sex determination ; bulk segregant analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Bulk segregant analysis (BSA), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) methods were used to map molecular markers to the sex locus M of asparagus. Two parents, A19 (male, Mm) and MW25 (female, mm), and 63 progeny were used for the study. Two DNA bulks, one male and one female, were made by pooling equal amounts of DNA from 10 randomly selected progeny of each sex type. A total of 760 arbitrary decamer oligonucleotide primers were used for RAPD analysis. Primer OPC15 produced two RAPD markers, OPC15-98 and OPC15-30, both of which were linked to the M locus at a distance of 1.6 cM. Subsequently, amplified RAPD fragment OPC15-98 was cloned and sequenced. The sequence was then used to design flanking 24-mer oligonucleotide SCAR primers SCC15-1 and SCC15-2. Both of these SCAR primers amplified a single 980 bp fragment; the same size as the cloned RAPD fragment. However, the SCAR marker was dominant as was the original OPC15-98 band from which it was derived. These RAPD and SCAR markers could be used for scoring male and female progeny in the mapping population, but were not found to be applicable to other asparagus germplasm studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002958007407
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of sex chromosome molecular markers using RAPDs and fluorescent in situ hybridization in rainbow trout (1997)
    Springer
    Genetica 101 (1997), S. 209-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Schlagwort(e): rainbow trout ; sex chromosome markers ; RAPD ; FISH
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The goal of this work is to identify molecular markers associated with the sex chromosomes in rainbow trout to study the mode of sex determination mechanisms in this species. Using the RAPD assay and bulked segregant analysis, two markers were identified that generated polymorphic bands amplifying preferentially in males of the Mount Lassen and Scottish strains of rainbow trout. Chromosomal localization using fluorescent in situ hybridization of a 900 bp probe developed from one of these markers revealed a brightly defined signal on a chromosome that could morphologically be classified as the Y chromosome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018371623919
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Marker-assisted selection of restored male-fertile Brassica napus plants using a set of dominant RAPD markers (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 3 (1997), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica napus ; bulked segregant analysis ; marker assisted selection ; Ogura restorer ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify RAPD markers in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) that were linked to a male fertility restorer gene for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility. After screening for polymorphisms using 960 primers, 14 RAPD markers were mapped to a 25 cM region including the restorer locus, a mapping population of 242 F2 individuals being employed. The map was used to select 11 markers that were investigated for polymorphisms between the restorer donor line and 46 recipient lines. A set of four RAPD markers, one in coupling phase with the restorer allele and three with the non-restorer allele, which were informative in all 46 combinations, were used in marker assisted selection of plants homozygous for the restorer allele. A total of 906 homozygous restored plants were found among the 4605 BC1F2 plants analysed. Phenotypic data of a subset of the classified plants was compared with the RAPD data and the expected number of recombinants was calculated from the map data. A close correspondence between the expected and observed numbers of plants with a deviating phenotype was found. Thus, use of a set of dominant RAPD markers provides a way obtaining reliable data for marker-assisted selection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009647417936
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Virulence variation and DNA polymorphism in Sphaerotheca fuliginea, causal agent of powdery mildew of cucurbits (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 103 (1997), S. 545-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): ITS-RELP ; mating types ; RAPD ; races
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Strains of Sphaerotheca fuliginea, one of the causal agents of powdery mildew of cucurbits, were examined for differences in virulence, mating type and DNA polymorphism. The 28 strains were chosen to be diverse according to host and geographic origin. Characterization of virulence phenotypes was based on the expression of symptoms on 4 species of cucurbits and 6 cultivars of melon. Two pathotypes, capable of attacking either cucumber cv. ‘Marketer’ and melon cv. ‘IranH’ and squash cv. ‘Diamant’ or cucumber cv. ‘Marketer’ and melon cv. ‘IranH’ were observed. Tests on melon cultivars revealed 3 races. In tests of sexual compatibility with reference strains, heterothallism was observed for all isolates. Frequency of the two mating types differed significantly in the population. DNA polymorphism was determined both by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and 5.8S DNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). For any one of the 11 restriction enzymes tested all strains presented an identical pattern of ITS RFLP. RAPD analysis, using 22 primers which provided reproducible patterns, revealed a relatively low degree of polymorphism. Furthermore, cluster analysis based on RAPD data (152 markers) did not separate groups within the species S. fuliginea. No association could be found between virulence, mating type, geographical and host origin and RAPD patterns. The lack of association between phenotypic and molecular markers and the close fit to linkage equilibrium for the characters examined suggest that recombination may play a role in populations of S. fuliginea.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008608413984
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DNA Polymorphism among Rice Somaclones (1997)
    Springer
    Biologia plantarum 40 (1997), S. 543-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Schlagwort(e): 2,4-D ; Oryza sativa ; RFLP ; RAPD ; PCR based RFLP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Molecular markers were used to detect the influence of high concentrations of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in the callusing media on DNA variations in regenerated rice plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based RFLP analysis were carried out on 12 somaclones of Oryza sativa L. cv. B-370. In vitro culture induced DNA variations were detected in the regenerated plants but the effect of high auxin concentration in the medium could not be revealed. In a second study, fingerprinting of 15 semi-dwarf, high yielding somaclones of B-370 was carried out using RAPD technique. Amplification using 20 random primers produced a total of 167 DNA bands out of which 97 bands were polymorphic. A total of 32 unique DNA bands were detected across all the somaclones and they could be grouped based on their similarity to B-370. RAPD analysis helped to reveal similarity or differences among the somaclones while fingerprinting using additional RAPD markers was not successful.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001701203195
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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