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  • Population Dynamics  (56)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (56)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 2005-2009  (56)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1945-1949
  • 2007  (56)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (56)
  • Annual Reviews
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  • 2005-2009  (56)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
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    The evolutionary demography of ecological change: linking trait variation and population growth (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: Population dynamics and evolutionary change are linked by the fundamental biological processes of birth and death. This means that population growth may correlate with the strength of selection, whereas evolutionary change can leave an ecological signature. We decompose population growth in an age-structured population into contributions from variation in a quantitative trait. We report that the distribution of body sizes within a population of Soay sheep can markedly influence population dynamics, accounting for up to one-fifth of observed population growth. Our results suggest that there is substantial opportunity for evolutionary dynamics to leave an ecological signature and visa versa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pelletier, Fanie -- Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Pemberton, Josephine -- Tuljapurkar, Shripad -- Coulson, Tim -- P01 AG 22500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1571-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birth Weight ; Body Size/genetics ; Body Weight/genetics ; Ecology ; Environment ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Hindlimb/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Mathematics ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Scotland ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Sheep/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Ecology. Tackling ecological complexity in climate impact research (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walther, Gian-Reto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):606-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. gian-reto.walther@uni-bayreuth.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; California ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Invertebrates/physiology ; *Plant Development ; Poaceae/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Rain ; Research Design ; Seasons ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Redefining the age of Clovis: implications for the peopling of the Americas (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-27
    Description: The Clovis complex is considered to be the oldest unequivocal evidence of humans in the Americas, dating between 11,500 and 10,900 radiocarbon years before the present (14C yr B.P.). Adjusted 14C dates and a reevaluation of the existing Clovis date record revise the Clovis time range to 11,050 to 10,800 14C yr B.P. In as few as 200 calendar years, Clovis technology originated and spread throughout North America. The revised age range for Clovis overlaps non-Clovis sites in North and South America. This and other evidence imply that humans already lived in the Americas before Clovis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waters, Michael R -- Stafford, Thomas W Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1122-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Anthropology and Geography, Center for the Study of the First Americans, Texas A&M University, 4352 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4352, USA. mwaters@tamu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaeology ; *Culture ; Emigration and Immigration ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; North America ; Population Dynamics ; South America ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Stability and diversity of ecosystems (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: Understanding the relationship between diversity and stability requires a knowledge of how species interact with each other and how each is affected by the environment. The relationship is also complex, because the concept of stability is multifaceted; different types of stability describing different properties of ecosystems lead to multiple diversity-stability relationships. A growing number of empirical studies demonstrate positive diversity-stability relationships. These studies, however, have emphasized only a few types of stability, and they rarely uncover the mechanisms responsible for stability. Because anthropogenic changes often affect stability and diversity simultaneously, diversity-stability relationships cannot be understood outside the context of the environmental drivers affecting both. This shifts attention away from diversity-stability relationships toward the multiple factors, including diversity, that dictate the stability of ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ives, Anthony R -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):58-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. arives@wisc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Extinction, Biological ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Rise and fall of species occupancy in Cenozoic fossil mollusks (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: In the time between speciation and extinction, a species' ecological and biogeographic footprint-its occupancy-will vary in response to macroecological drivers and historical contingencies. Despite their importance for understanding macroecological processes, general patterns of long-term species occupancy remain largely unknown. We documented the occupancy histories of Cenozoic marine mollusks from New Zealand. For both genera and species, these show a distinct pattern of increase to relatively short-lived peak occupancy at mid-duration, followed by a decline toward extinction. Thus, species at greatest risk for extinction are those that have already been in decline for a substantial period of time. This pattern of protracted rise and fall stands in contrast to that of incumbency, insofar as species show no general tendency to stay near maximal occupancy once established.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foote, Michael -- Crampton, James S -- Beu, Alan G -- Marshall, Bruce A -- Cooper, Roger A -- Maxwell, Phillip A -- Matcham, Iain -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1131-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. mfoote@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; *Mollusca ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Habitat split and the global decline of amphibians (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: The worldwide decline in amphibians has been attributed to several causes, especially habitat loss and disease. We identified a further factor, namely "habitat split"-defined as human-induced disconnection between habitats used by different life history stages of a species-which forces forest-associated amphibians with aquatic larvae to make risky breeding migrations between suitable aquatic and terrestrial habitats. In the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, we found that habitat split negatively affects the richness of species with aquatic larvae but not the richness of species with terrestrial development (the latter can complete their life cycle inside forest remnants). This mechanism helps to explain why species with aquatic larvae have the highest incidence of population decline. These findings reinforce the need for the conservation and restoration of riparian vegetation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Becker, Carlos Guilherme -- Fonseca, Carlos Roberto -- Haddad, Celio Fernando Baptista -- Batista, Romulo Fernandes -- Prado, Paulo Inacio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1775-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas SP, Brazil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079402" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amphibians/growth & development/physiology ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Brazil ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Larva/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Trees ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Comment on "Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services" (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: Worm et al. (Research Articles, 3 November 2006, p. 787) reported an increasing proportion of fisheries in a "collapsed" state. We show that this may be an artifact of their definition of collapse as a fixed percentage of the maximum and that an increase in the number of managed fisheries could produce similar patterns as an increase in fisheries with catches below 10% of the maximum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilberg, Michael J -- Miller, Thomas J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1285; author reply 1285.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, P.O. Box 38, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. wilberg@cbl.umces.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Forecasting ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Thriving Arctic bottom dwellers could get strangled by warming (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1527.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Biodiversity ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Ice Cover ; Invertebrates ; Plankton/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Ecology: managing evolving fish stocks (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jorgensen, Christian -- Enberg, Katja -- Dunlop, Erin S -- Arlinghaus, Robert -- Boukal, David S -- Brander, Keith -- Ernande, Bruno -- Gardmark, Anna -- Johnston, Fiona -- Matsumura, Shuichi -- Pardoe, Heidi -- Raab, Kristina -- Silva, Alexandra -- Vainikka, Anssi -- Dieckmann, Ulf -- Heino, Mikko -- Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1247-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen. christian.jorgensen@bio.uib.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/methods ; *Fishes/physiology ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Climate change affects marine fishes through the oxygen limitation of thermal tolerance (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-06
    Description: A cause-and-effect understanding of climate influences on ecosystems requires evaluation of thermal limits of member species and of their ability to cope with changing temperatures. Laboratory data available for marine fish and invertebrates from various climatic regions led to the hypothesis that, as a unifying principle, a mismatch between the demand for oxygen and the capacity of oxygen supply to tissues is the first mechanism to restrict whole-animal tolerance to thermal extremes. We show in the eelpout, Zoarces viviparus, a bioindicator fish species for environmental monitoring from North and Baltic Seas (Helcom), that thermally limited oxygen delivery closely matches environmental temperatures beyond which growth performance and abundance decrease. Decrements in aerobic performance in warming seas will thus be the first process to cause extinction or relocation to cooler waters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Portner, Hans O -- Knust, Rainer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 5;315(5808):95-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Animal Ecophysiology, Postfach 12 01 61, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. hpoertner@awi-bremerhaven.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization ; Aerobiosis ; Animals ; Blood Circulation ; Body Size ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; North Sea ; Oxygen/analysis/blood/*metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Perciformes/growth & development/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Seasons ; Seawater/chemistry ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Biomedical research. The endangered lab chimp (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):450-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation/ethics ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Breeding ; Female ; Genome ; Housing, Animal ; Male ; *Models, Animal ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Population Dynamics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Entomology. The case of the empty hives (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):970-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; *Bees/microbiology/parasitology/physiology ; Climate ; Diet ; Fungi/isolation & purification ; Mites ; Pesticides ; Population Dynamics ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture ; Viruses/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Wildlife population increases in Serengeti National Park (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, Julie K -- Gerber, Leah R -- D'Agrosa, Caterina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1790-1; author reply 1790-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Buffaloes ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Disasters ; *Elephants ; *Law Enforcement ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Tanzania
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Ecology. Invasion of the whiteflies (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reitz, Stuart R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1733-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA. stuart.reitz@ars.usda.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Australia ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Hemiptera/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 15
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    International conservation policy delivers benefits for birds in Europe (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: Conservation of the planet's biodiversity will depend on international policy intervention, yet evidence-based assessment of the success of such intervention is lacking. Poor understanding of the effectiveness of international policy instruments exposes them to criticism or abandonment and reduces opportunities to improve them. Comparative analyses of population trends provide strong evidence for a positive impact of one such instrument, the European Union's Birds Directive, and we identify positive associations between the rate of provision of certain conservation measures through the directive and the response of bird populations. The results suggest that supranational conservation policy can bring measurable conservation benefits, although future assessments will require the setting of quantitative objectives and an increase in the availability of data from monitoring schemes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donald, Paul F -- Sanderson, Fiona J -- Burfield, Ian J -- Bierman, Stijn M -- Gregory, Richard D -- Waliczky, Zoltan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):810-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK. paul.donald@rspb.org.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; Ecosystem ; Europe ; European Union ; *International Cooperation ; Population Dynamics ; Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    A meta-analysis of effects of Bt cotton and maize on nontarget invertebrates (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-09
    Description: Although scores of experiments have examined the ecological consequences of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops, debates continue regarding the nontarget impacts of this technology. Quantitative reviews of existing studies are crucial for better gauging risks and improving future risk assessments. To encourage evidence-based risk analyses, we constructed a searchable database for nontarget effects of Bt crops. A meta-analysis of 42 field experiments indicates that nontarget invertebrates are generally more abundant in Bt cotton and Bt maize fields than in nontransgenic fields managed with insecticides. However, in comparison with insecticide-free control fields, certain nontarget taxa are less abundant in Bt fields.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marvier, Michelle -- McCreedy, Chanel -- Regetz, James -- Kareiva, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1475-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Studies Institute, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA. mmarvier@scu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556584" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Arthropods ; Bacillus thuringiensis/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/*genetics ; Bacterial Toxins/*genetics ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics/growth & development ; Databases, Factual ; Endotoxins/*genetics ; Gossypium/*genetics/growth & development ; Hemolysin Proteins/*genetics ; Insecticides ; Insects ; Pest Control, Biological ; *Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Zea mays/*genetics
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  • 17
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    Reefs in trouble. Life on the mean reefs (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pala, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1719.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Food Chain ; Pacific Islands ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Thinking long term (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheke, Robert A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):577-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK. r.a.cheke@greenwich.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Climate ; Disasters ; *Ecology ; Europe ; *Grasshoppers/physiology ; Greenhouse Effect ; *Larix ; *Moths/physiology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Rain ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Fishing for good news (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCauley, Douglas J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):200-1; author reply 200-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sharks ; *Tuna
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Ecology. The heartbreak of adapting to global warming (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Tobias -- Overgaard, Johannes -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 5;315(5808):49-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark. tobias.wang@biology.au.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization ; Aerobiosis ; Animals ; Cardiac Output ; *Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Heart/*physiology ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis/blood/*metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Perciformes/*physiology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; Seawater/chemistry ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Zoology. African penguin populations reported in a puzzling decline (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fishes ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; South Africa ; *Spheniscidae
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
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    A large-scale deforestation experiment: effects of patch area and isolation on Amazon birds (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: As compared with extensive contiguous areas, small isolated habitat patches lack many species. Some species disappear after isolation; others are rarely found in any small patch, regardless of isolation. We used a 13-year data set of bird captures from a large landscape-manipulation experiment in a Brazilian Amazon forest to model the extinction-colonization dynamics of 55 species and tested basic predictions of island biogeography and metapopulation theory. From our models, we derived two metrics of species vulnerability to changes in isolation and patch area. We found a strong effect of area and a variable effect of isolation on the predicted patch occupancy by birds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferraz, Goncalo -- Nichols, James D -- Hines, James E -- Stouffer, Philip C -- Bierregaard, Richard O Jr -- Lovejoy, Thomas E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):238-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, 69011 Manaus AM, Brazil. gferraz@inpa.gov.br〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Brazil ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Population Dynamics ; *Trees/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 23
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    Comment on "Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services" (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: Worm et al. (Research Articles, 3 November 2006, p. 787) investigated the importance of biodiversity to marine ecosystem services across temporal and spatial scales. In projecting the extent of future fisheries collapse, we argue that the authors inappropriately extrapolated beyond their available observations and used data on marine reserves and fishery closures that are not representative of global fisheries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holker, Franz -- Beare, Doug -- Dorner, Hendrik -- di Natale, Antonio -- Ratz, Hans-Joachim -- Temming, Axel -- Casey, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1285; author reply 1285.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen, Agriculture and Fisheries Unit, TP 051, 21020, Italy. franz.hoelker@jrc.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Forecasting ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environmental restoration. Delta blues, California style (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):442-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; *Fresh Water ; Population Dynamics ; *Rivers ; *Salmoniformes ; Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 25
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    Conservation. Scientists say Ebola has pushed western gorillas to the brink (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Central/epidemiology ; Animals ; Ape Diseases/*epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/*veterinary ; Ebola Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Extinction, Biological ; *Gorilla gorilla ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control/*veterinary ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 26
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    Declining wild salmon populations in relation to parasites from farm salmon (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: Rather than benefiting wild fish, industrial aquaculture may contribute to declines in ocean fisheries and ecosystems. Farm salmon are commonly infected with salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), which are native ectoparasitic copepods. We show that recurrent louse infestations of wild juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), all associated with salmon farms, have depressed wild pink salmon populations and placed them on a trajectory toward rapid local extinction. The louse-induced mortality of pink salmon is commonly over 80% and exceeds previous fishing mortality. If outbreaks continue, then local extinction is certain, and a 99% collapse in pink salmon population abundance is expected in four salmon generations. These results suggest that salmon farms can cause parasite outbreaks that erode the capacity of a coastal ecosystem to support wild salmon populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krkosek, Martin -- Ford, Jennifer S -- Morton, Alexandra -- Lele, Subhash -- Myers, Ransom A -- Lewis, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1772-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Mathematical Biology, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. mkrkosek@ualberta.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; British Columbia/epidemiology ; *Copepoda ; Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data/veterinary ; Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology/mortality/*veterinary ; Extinction, Biological ; Fish Diseases/*epidemiology/mortality ; *Fisheries ; Linear Models ; Models, Statistical ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmon/parasitology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 27
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    Comment on "Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services" (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: Worm et al. (Research Articles, 3 November 2006, p. 787) used a power relation to predict a global collapse of fisheries by the year 2048. However, a linear regression of the data for the past 40 years yields an excellent fit, with a predicted date of collapse of 2114. Thus, long-term projections of fisheries collapse are highly dependent on the specific statistical model used.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaenike, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1285; author reply 1285.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0211, USA. joja@mail.rochester.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Forecasting ; Linear Models ; Models, Statistical ; Population Dynamics ; Regression Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 28
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    Ecology. Managing farming's footprint on biodiversity (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benton, Tim G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):341-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. t.g.benton@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Great Britain ; Models, Statistical ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Risk Assessment
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  • 29
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    Culling prey promotes predator recovery--alternative states in a whole-lake experiment (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: Many top-predator fish stocks in both freshwater and marine systems have collapsed as a result of overharvesting. Consequently, some of these communities have shifted into seemingly irreversible new states. We showed, for predators feeding on prey that exhibit food-dependent growth, that culling of fish prey may promote predator recovery. We removed old stunted individuals of a prey-fish species in a large, low-productive lake, which caused an increase in the availability of small-sized prey and allowed the predator to recover. The shift in community state has been sustained for more than 15 years after the cull ended and represents an experimental demonstration of an alternative stable state in a large-scale field system. Because most animals exhibit food-dependent growth, shifts into alternative stable states resulting from overcompensating prey growth may be common in nature and may require counterintuitive management strategies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Persson, Lennart -- Amundsen, Per-Arne -- De Roos, Andre M -- Klemetsen, Anders -- Knudsen, Rune -- Primicerio, Raul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1743-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umea University, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden. lennart.persson@emg.umu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Size ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/*physiology ; Food Chain ; Fresh Water ; Norway ; Population Dynamics ; *Predatory Behavior ; Salmon/physiology ; Trout/physiology
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    Endangered species. U.S. announces recovery plan for a ghost bird (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1158.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
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    Society for American Archaeology meeting. Climate spurred later Indus decline (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):978-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaeology ; *Civilization ; *Climate ; Crops, Agricultural ; *Ethnic Groups ; Humans ; India ; Pakistan ; Population Dynamics ; Rain
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  • 32
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    Endangered Species Act. Appointee 'reshaped' science, says report (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Fishes ; *Government Regulation ; Politics ; Population Dynamics ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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  • 33
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    Boom and bust in a polar hot zone (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1522-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; *Ice Cover ; Nesting Behavior ; Population Dynamics ; Snow ; *Spheniscidae ; Temperature
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  • 34
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    Ecology. Parasites from fish farms driving wild salmon to extinction (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1711.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; British Columbia/epidemiology ; *Copepoda ; Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology/mortality/*veterinary ; Extinction, Biological ; Fish Diseases/*epidemiology/mortality ; *Fisheries ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmon/parasitology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 35
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    Anthropology. The missing years for modern humans (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goebel, Ted -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):194-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of the First Americans, Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. goebel@tamu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; *Archaeology ; Asia ; Australia ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; *Fossils ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; *Paleontology ; Population Dynamics ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 36
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    Pilai Poonswad profile. Subduing poachers, ducking insurgents to save a splendid bird (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):592-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Buddhism ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Islam ; Nesting Behavior ; Population Dynamics ; Thailand ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 37
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    Ecology. Aspens return to Yellowstone, with help from some wolves (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):438-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Deer ; *Ecosystem ; Population Dynamics ; Populus/*growth & development ; *Wolves ; Wyoming
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Predation risk affects reproductive physiology and demography of elk (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: Elk (Cervus elaphus) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem alter patterns of aggregation, habitat selection, vigilance, and foraging in the presence of wolves (Canis lupus). Antipredator behaviors like these can reduce predation risk but are also likely to carry costs. Data from five elk populations studied for 16 site years showed that progesterone concentrations (from 1489 fecal samples) declined with the ratio of elk to wolves. In turn, progesterone concentrations were a good predictor of calf recruitment in the subsequent year. Together, these data suggest that wolves indirectly affect the reproductive physiology and the demography of elk through the costs of antipredator behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Creel, Scott -- Christianson, David -- Liley, Stewart -- Winnie, John A Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):960.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Montana State University, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. screel@montana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Deer/*physiology ; Ecosystem ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Feces ; Female ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; *Predatory Behavior ; Progesterone/metabolism ; Reproduction/*physiology ; *Wolves
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Economics of overexploitation revisited (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-08
    Description: About 25% of the world's fisheries are depleted such that their current biomass is lower than the level that would maximize the sustained yield (MSY). By using methods not previously applied in the fisheries conservation context, we show in four disparate fisheries (including the long-lived and slow-growing orange roughy) that the dynamic maximum economic yield (MEY), the biomass that produces the largest discounted economic profits from fishing, exceeds MSY. Thus, although it is theoretically possible that maximizing discounted economic profits may cause stock depletions, our results show there is a win-win: In many fisheries at reasonable discount rates and at current prices and costs, larger fish stocks increase economic profits. An MEY target that exceeds MSY and transfers from higher, future profits to compensate fishers for the transition costs of stock rebuilding would help overcome a key cause of fisheries overexploitation, industry opposition to lower harvests.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grafton, R Q -- Kompas, T -- Hilborn, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Crawford School, Australian National University, Ellery Crescent, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. quentin.grafton@anu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Fisheries/*economics ; *Fishes ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. A world without corals? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):678-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/microbiology/physiology ; Atmosphere ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Oceans. Climate drives sea change (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greene, Charles H -- Pershing, Andrew J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1084-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. chg2@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Climate ; Copepoda ; Crustacea ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; Food Chain ; Oceans and Seas ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Seasons ; Seawater ; Zooplankton/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Rapid population growth of a critically endangered carnivore (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: Reintroductions of endangered species are controversial because of high costs and frequent failures. However, the population of black-footed ferrets descended from animals released in Shirley Basin, Wyoming, from 1991 to 1994 has grown rapidly after a decline to a low of five animals in 1997. Beginning around 2000, the population grew rapidly to an estimated 223 (95% confidence interval is 192 to 401) individuals in 2006. Matrix population modeling shows the importance of survival and reproduction during the first year of life, reflecting an uncommon life history for an endangered mammalian carnivore. Recovery of the species may benefit from more opportunistic and widespread releases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grenier, M B -- McDonald, D B -- Buskirk, S W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):779.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. martin.grenier@wgf.state.wy.us〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/veterinary ; *Ferrets/genetics/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Sciuridae ; Wyoming/epidemiology
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    Biodiversity loss in the ocean: how bad is it? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murawski, Steven -- Methot, Richard -- Tromble, Galen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1281-4; author reply 1281-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Fishes ; Forecasting ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The macroecological contribution to global change solutions (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: Anthropogenic global changes threaten species and the ecosystem services upon which society depends. Effective solutions to this multifaceted crisis need scientific responses spanning disciplines and spatial scales. Macroecology develops broad-scale predictions of species' distributions and abundances, complementing the frequently local focus of global change biology. Macroecological discoveries rely particularly on correlative methods but have still proven effective in predicting global change impacts on species. However, global changes create pseudo-experimental opportunities to build stronger, mechanistic theories in macroecology that successfully predict multiple phenomena across spatial scales. Such macroecological perspectives will help address the biotic consequences of global change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Jeremy T -- Kharouba, Heather M -- Currie, David J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1581-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Canadian Facility for Ecoinformatics Research (CFER), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada. jkerr@uottawa.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Climate ; Ecology/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Forecasting ; Geography ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Statistics as Topic
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    Global pattern formation and ethnic/cultural violence (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: We identify a process of global pattern formation that causes regions to differentiate by culture. Violence arises at boundaries between regions that are not sufficiently well defined. We model cultural differentiation as a separation of groups whose members prefer similar neighbors, with a characteristic group size at which violence occurs. Application of this model to the area of the former Yugoslavia and to India accurately predicts the locations of reported conflict. This model also points to imposed mixing or boundary clarification as mechanisms for promoting peace.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lim, May -- Metzler, Richard -- Bar-Yam, Yaneer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1540-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉New England Complex Systems Institute, 24 Mt. Auburn Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Conflict (Psychology) ; Croatia ; *Culture ; Demography ; *Ethnic Groups ; Humans ; India ; Models, Statistical ; Monte Carlo Method ; Population Dynamics ; *Violence/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; Yugoslavia
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    Cascading effects of the loss of apex predatory sharks from a coastal ocean (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: Impacts of chronic overfishing are evident in population depletions worldwide, yet indirect ecosystem effects induced by predator removal from oceanic food webs remain unpredictable. As abundances of all 11 great sharks that consume other elasmobranchs (rays, skates, and small sharks) fell over the past 35 years, 12 of 14 of these prey species increased in coastal northwest Atlantic ecosystems. Effects of this community restructuring have cascaded downward from the cownose ray, whose enhanced predation on its bay scallop prey was sufficient to terminate a century-long scallop fishery. Analogous top-down effects may be a predictable consequence of eliminating entire functional groups of predators.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, Ransom A -- Baum, Julia K -- Shepherd, Travis D -- Powers, Sean P -- Peterson, Charles H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1846-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bivalvia ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Elasmobranchii ; Fisheries ; *Food Chain ; Ostreidae ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sharks ; Skates (Fish)
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    Biodiversity loss in the ocean: how bad is it? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Briggs, John C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1281-4; author reply 1281-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17546726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fishes ; Invertebrates ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Terminology as Topic
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    Species interactions reverse grassland responses to changing climate (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: Predictions of ecological response to climate change are based largely on direct climatic effects on species. We show that, in a California grassland, species interactions strongly influence responses to changing climate, overturning direct climatic effects within 5 years. We manipulated the seasonality and intensity of rainfall over large, replicate plots in accordance with projections of leading climate models and examined responses across several trophic levels. Changes in seasonal water availability had pronounced effects on individual species, but as precipitation regimes were sustained across years, feedbacks and species interactions overrode autecological responses to water and reversed community trajectories. Conditions that sharply increased production and diversity through 2 years caused simplification of the food web and deep reductions in consumer abundance after 5 years. Changes in these natural grassland communities suggest a prominent role for species interactions in ecosystem response to climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suttle, K B -- Thomsen, Meredith A -- Power, Mary E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):640-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. kbsuttle@socrates.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; California ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; *Invertebrates/physiology ; Nitrogen Fixation ; *Plant Development ; Poaceae/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Rain ; Seasons ; Time Factors
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    Asymmetric mating interactions drive widespread invasion and displacement in a whitefly (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: The role of behavioral mechanisms in animal invasions is poorly understood. We show that asymmetric mating interactions between closely related but previously allopatric genetic groups of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a haplodiploid species, have been a driving force contributing to widespread invasion and displacement by alien populations. We conducted long-term field surveys, caged population experiments, and detailed behavioral observations in Zhejiang, China, and Queensland, Australia, to investigate the invasion process and its underlying behavioral mechanisms. During invasion and displacement, we found increased frequency of copulation leading to increased production of female progeny among the invader, as well as reduced copulation and female production in the indigenous genetic groups. Such asymmetric mating interactions may be critical to determining the capacity of a haplodiploid invader and the consequences for its closely related indigenous organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Shu-Sheng -- De Barro, P J -- Xu, Jing -- Luan, Jun-Bo -- Zang, Lian-Sheng -- Ruan, Yong-Ming -- Wan, Fang-Hao -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1769-72. Epub 2007 Nov 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China. shshliu@zju.edu.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; Copulation ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Hemiptera/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Queensland ; Reproduction ; Sex Ratio ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Farmland biodiversity and the footprint of agriculture (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: Sustainable development requires the reconciliation of demands for biodiversity conservation and increased agricultural production. Assessing the impact of novel farming practices on biodiversity and ecosystem services is fundamental to this process. Using farmland birds as a model system, we present a generic risk assessment framework that accurately predicts each species' current conservation status and population growth rate associated with past changes in agriculture. We demonstrate its value by assessing the potential impact on biodiversity of two controversial land uses, genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops and agri-environment schemes. This framework can be used to guide policy and land management decisions and to assess progress toward sustainability targets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butler, S J -- Vickery, J A -- Norris, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):381-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Agri-Environment Research, School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK. s.j.butler@reading.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Great Britain ; Linear Models ; Models, Statistical ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Risk Assessment
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    Biodiversity loss in the ocean: how bad is it? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hilborn, Ray W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1281-4; author reply 1281-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17546725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Forecasting ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Local replenishment of coral reef fish populations in a marine reserve (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: The scale of larval dispersal of marine organisms is important for the design of networks of marine protected areas. We examined the fate of coral reef fish larvae produced at a small island reserve, using a mass-marking method based on maternal transmission of stable isotopes to offspring. Approximately 60% of settled juveniles were spawned at the island, for species with both short (〈2 weeks) and long (〉1 month) pelagic larval durations. If natal homing of larvae is a common life-history strategy, the appropriate spatial scales for the management and conservation of coral reefs are likely to be much smaller than previously assumed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Almany, Glenn R -- Berumen, Michael L -- Thorrold, Simon R -- Planes, Serge -- Jones, Geoffrey P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):742-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia. glenn.almany@jcu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Barium Compounds ; Chlorides ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Geography ; Isotopes ; Larva/physiology ; Male ; Pacific Ocean ; Papua New Guinea ; Perciformes/growth & development/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    A world with corals: what will it take? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schuttenberg, Heidi -- Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; International Cooperation ; Population Dynamics
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    Early Upper Paleolithic in Eastern Europe and implications for the dispersal of modern humans (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: Radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating and magnetic stratigraphy indicate Upper Paleolithic occupation-probably representing modern humans-at archaeological sites on the Don River in Russia 45,000 to 42,000 years ago. The oldest levels at Kostenki underlie a volcanic ash horizon identified as the Campanian Ignimbrite Y5 tephra that is dated elsewhere to about 40,000 years ago. The occupation layers contain bone and ivory artifacts, including possible figurative art, and fossil shells imported more than 500 kilometers. Thus, modern humans appeared on the central plain of Eastern Europe as early as anywhere else in northern Eurasia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anikovich, M V -- Sinitsyn, A A -- Hoffecker, John F -- Holliday, Vance T -- Popov, V V -- Lisitsyn, S N -- Forman, Steven L -- Levkovskaya, G M -- Pospelova, G A -- Kuz'mina, I E -- Burova, N D -- Goldberg, Paul -- Macphail, Richard I -- Giaccio, Biagio -- Praslov, N D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):223-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, 191186 St. Petersburg, Russia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaeology ; Bone and Bones ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Fossils ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; Russia ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 55
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    Archaeology. Clovis technology flowered briefly and late, dates suggest (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mann, Charles C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1067.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaeology ; *Culture ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; North America ; Population Dynamics ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Genetic effects of captive breeding cause a rapid, cumulative fitness decline in the wild (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: Captive breeding is used to supplement populations of many species that are declining in the wild. The suitability of and long-term species survival from such programs remain largely untested, however. We measured lifetime reproductive success of the first two generations of steelhead trout that were reared in captivity and bred in the wild after they were released. By reconstructing a three-generation pedigree with microsatellite markers, we show that genetic effects of domestication reduce subsequent reproductive capabilities by approximately 40% per captive-reared generation when fish are moved to natural environments. These results suggest that even a few generations of domestication may have negative effects on natural reproduction in the wild and that the repeated use of captive-reared parents to supplement wild populations should be carefully reconsidered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Araki, Hitoshi -- Cooper, Becky -- Blouin, Michael S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):100-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. arakih@science.oregonstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/genetics/physiology ; Animals, Wild/genetics/physiology ; *Breeding ; Female ; Fisheries ; Male ; Oncorhynchus mykiss/genetics/*physiology ; Oregon ; Population Dynamics ; *Reproduction ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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