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  • History, 20th Century  (177)
  • *Ecosystem  (98)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (263)
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • Irkutsk : Ross. Akad. Nauk, Sibirskoe Otd., Inst. Zemnoj Kory
  • 2005-2009  (263)
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Publisher
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Year
  • 1
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):808. doi: 10.1038/458808a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19369979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Ecosystem ; International Cooperation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Travel/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 15;457(7227):241. doi: 10.1038/457241a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19148062" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Energy Resources/*trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-09-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goode, Scott -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 10;461(7261):167. doi: 10.1038/461167d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19741681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; *Religion and Science ; Research Personnel/*history/psychology/standards
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- Witze, Alexandra -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 26;458(7237):396. doi: 10.1038/458396a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19334300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Leadership ; Marine Biology ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2009-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sunami, Atsushi -- Kurokawa, Kiyoshi -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):960-1. doi: 10.1038/457960a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies in Tokyo. sunami-atsushi@grips.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19225502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Emigrants and Immigrants ; Financing, Government/history ; Foreign Professional Personnel ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; International Cooperation ; Japan ; *Public Policy ; Research/economics/*history/manpower/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2009-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kayani, Saheeb Ahmed -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 24;462(7276):984. doi: 10.1038/462984b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20033020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Pakistan ; *Religion and Science ; Science/history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swaminathan, M S -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 15;461(7266):894. doi: 10.1038/461894a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Third Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600 113, India. chairman@mssrf.res.in〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19829366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history ; Breeding/history ; Food Supply/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Plant Diseases/genetics/microbiology ; Triticum/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2009-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rensberger, Boyce -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 25;459(7250):1055-6. doi: 10.1038/4591055a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Knight Science Journalism Fellowship programme at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. boycerensberger@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19553977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Journalism/history/standards/*trends ; Periodicals as Topic ; *Science
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2009-02-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goudsmit, Jaap -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):394. doi: 10.1038/457394a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jaap Goudsmit is in the Research and Development Department of Crucell Holland, PO Box 2048, Leiden, 2301 CA, the Netherlands, and in the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam. j.goudsmit@crucell.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Nobel Prize ; Prion Diseases/*history/transmission ; Prions/chemistry/*history/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-03-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brumfiel, Geoff -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 26;457(7233):1067. doi: 10.1038/4571067b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19256081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring/*instrumentation ; Japan ; *Spacecraft ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gowans, James -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 28;459(7246):506. doi: 10.1038/459506c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic/history ; Correspondence as Topic/history ; Female ; Great Britain ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Periodicals as Topic/*history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 26;458(7237):385. doi: 10.1038/458386a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Europe ; *Genes ; *Genetic Testing/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Patents as Topic/history/*legislation & jurisprudence/*statistics & numerical ; data ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kell, Douglas -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):831. doi: 10.1038/458831b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19370012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Microbiological Techniques/*history ; Microbiology/*history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davies, David -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 14;459(7244):163. doi: 10.1038/459163a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Editorial Policies ; History, 20th Century ; Periodicals as Topic/*history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gratzer, Walter -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):983-4. doi: 10.1038/458983a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Editorial Policies ; Great Britain ; History, 20th Century ; Periodicals as Topic/*history ; Physics/history ; Science/*history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: Plant photosynthesis tends to increase with irradiance. However, recent theoretical and observational studies have demonstrated that photosynthesis is also more efficient under diffuse light conditions. Changes in cloud cover or atmospheric aerosol loadings, arising from either volcanic or anthropogenic emissions, alter both the total photosynthetically active radiation reaching the surface and the fraction of this radiation that is diffuse, with uncertain overall effects on global plant productivity and the land carbon sink. Here we estimate the impact of variations in diffuse fraction on the land carbon sink using a global model modified to account for the effects of variations in both direct and diffuse radiation on canopy photosynthesis. We estimate that variations in diffuse fraction, associated largely with the 'global dimming' period, enhanced the land carbon sink by approximately one-quarter between 1960 and 1999. However, under a climate mitigation scenario for the twenty-first century in which sulphate aerosols decline before atmospheric CO(2) is stabilized, this 'diffuse-radiation' fertilization effect declines rapidly to near zero by the end of the twenty-first century.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mercado, Lina M -- Bellouin, Nicolas -- Sitch, Stephen -- Boucher, Olivier -- Huntingford, Chris -- Wild, Martin -- Cox, Peter M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):1014-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07949.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK. lmme@ceh.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols/analysis/chemistry ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; *Darkness ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Photosynthesis/*radiation effects ; Plants/metabolism/*radiation effects ; Sulfates/metabolism ; *Sunlight ; Volcanic Eruptions
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buchenau, Jurgen -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 19;462(7271):284-5. doi: 10.1038/462284a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of History at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, USA. jbuchenau@uncc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19924194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Latin America ; Public Policy/history/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2009-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rockstrom, Johan -- Steffen, Will -- Noone, Kevin -- Persson, Asa -- Chapin, F Stuart 3rd -- Lambin, Eric F -- Lenton, Timothy M -- Scheffer, Marten -- Folke, Carl -- Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim -- Nykvist, Bjorn -- de Wit, Cynthia A -- Hughes, Terry -- van der Leeuw, Sander -- Rodhe, Henning -- Sorlin, Sverker -- Snyder, Peter K -- Costanza, Robert -- Svedin, Uno -- Falkenmark, Malin -- Karlberg, Louise -- Corell, Robert W -- Fabry, Victoria J -- Hansen, James -- Walker, Brian -- Liverman, Diana -- Richardson, Katherine -- Crutzen, Paul -- Foley, Jonathan A -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):472-5. doi: 10.1038/461472a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kraftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Civilization ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods/trends ; *Earth (Planet) ; Ecology/*methods/*trends ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Green Chemistry Technology/*methods/trends ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; *Human Activities/history ; Humans ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: Marine viruses affect Bacteria, Archaea and eukaryotic organisms and are major components of the marine food web. Most studies have focused on their role as predators and parasites, but many of the interactions between marine viruses and their hosts are much more complicated. A series of recent studies has shown that viruses have the ability to manipulate the life histories and evolution of their hosts in remarkable ways, challenging our understanding of this almost invisible world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rohwer, Forest -- Thurber, Rebecca Vega -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 14;459(7244):207-12. doi: 10.1038/nature08060.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Marine Biology ; Transduction, Genetic ; *Virus Physiological Phenomena ; *Viruses/genetics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: Numerically, microbial species dominate the oceans, yet their population dynamics, metabolic complexity and synergistic interactions remain largely uncharted. A full understanding of life in the ocean requires more than knowledge of marine microbial taxa and their genome sequences. The latest experimental techniques and analytical approaches can provide a fresh perspective on the biological interactions within marine ecosystems, aiding in the construction of predictive models that can interrelate microbial dynamics with the biogeochemical matter and energy fluxes that make up the ocean ecosystem.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeLong, Edward F -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 14;459(7244):200-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08059.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. delong@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genomics ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Phylogeny ; *Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2009-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnap, Don -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 29;457(7229):533. doi: 10.1038/457533b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19177110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Enhancement/history ; Cannabinoids/*history ; *Cognition ; Creativity ; Hallucinogens/*history ; Health ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/*history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2009-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Demain, Arnold L -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 26;457(7233):1079. doi: 10.1038/4571079c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology/*history ; Congresses as Topic/history ; Cuba ; History, 20th Century ; *International Cooperation ; Politics ; Research Personnel/*history ; United States
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2009-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhdanov, Renad -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):956. doi: 10.1038/457956a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19225497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Europe ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Research Personnel/*history ; Science/*history ; Turkey ; Universities/trends
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monastersky, Richard -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):314-5. doi: 10.1038/460314a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19606113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronauts/economics/*history/*trends ; Europe ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Moon ; Research Personnel/psychology ; Space Flight/economics/*history/*trends ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space ; Administration/economics/*history/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gurney, Kevin Robert -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):977-9. doi: 10.1038/458977a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon/analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; China ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossil Fuels ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Soil/analysis ; Trees/metabolism ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 26
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Todes, Daniel -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 5;462(7269):36-7. doi: 10.1038/462036a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of the History of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University, 1900 East Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. dtodes@jhmi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19890312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biological Science Disciplines/*history ; *Competitive Behavior ; Cooperative Behavior ; *Cultural Diversity ; Food Supply ; Great Britain ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Literature, Modern/history ; Metaphor ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Russia ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 27
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 17;462(7275):834-5. doi: 10.1038/462834a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomass ; Congresses as Topic ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods/trends ; Denmark ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry/methods/trends ; Global Warming/prevention & control ; *Internationality ; *Spacecraft ; Trees/*growth & development ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 28
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 8;457(7226):129-30. doi: 10.1038/457129b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19129800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conflict (Psychology) ; *Cultural Diversity ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Social Sciences/*history ; United States ; Violence ; Warfare
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  • 29
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dolgin, Elie -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 17;462(7275):843-5. doi: 10.1038/462843a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design ; *Research Personnel ; Research Subjects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
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  • 30
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hand, Eric -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 24;462(7276):978-83. doi: 10.1038/462978a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20033016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Global Warming ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Nobel Prize ; *Physics ; Policy Making ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • 31
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abbott, Alison -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):706-7. doi: 10.1038/461706a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Aging ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Nobel Prize ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Telomerase/genetics/*metabolism ; Telomere/genetics/*metabolism ; Tetrahymena thermophila/genetics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • 32
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Byam Shaw, Nicholas -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):984-5. doi: 10.1038/458984a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Literature, Modern/history ; Periodicals as Topic/history ; Publishing/*history
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2009-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):942-3. doi: 10.1038/457942b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19225485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Engineering ; *Federal Government ; Fishes ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Hobbies/history ; Marine Biology ; Physics ; *Research Personnel ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration ; Wine
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 34
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campbell, Philip -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):985-6. doi: 10.1038/458985a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Editorial Policies ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; *Peer Review, Research/methods ; Periodicals as Topic/*history
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  • 35
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuper, Adam -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 17;462(7275):862. doi: 10.1038/462862a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. adam.kuper@googlemail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthropology/*history ; Brazil ; France ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Indians, South American
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  • 36
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hand, Eric -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 9;460(7252):161. doi: 10.1038/460161a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Carbon/metabolism ; Cell Respiration ; *Earth (Planet) ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis/*metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plants/*metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • 37
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campbell, Philip -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):807. doi: 10.1038/458807a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19378388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Editorial Policies ; History, 20th Century ; Journalism/*history ; Peer Review, Research ; Periodicals as Topic/*history
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: During the twentieth century, the global population has gone through unprecedented increases in economic and social development that coincided with substantial declines in human fertility and population growth rates. The negative association of fertility with economic and social development has therefore become one of the most solidly established and generally accepted empirical regularities in the social sciences. As a result of this close connection between development and fertility decline, more than half of the global population now lives in regions with below-replacement fertility (less than 2.1 children per woman). In many highly developed countries, the trend towards low fertility has also been deemed irreversible. Rapid population ageing, and in some cases the prospect of significant population decline, have therefore become a central socioeconomic concern and policy challenge. Here we show, using new cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the total fertility rate and the human development index (HDI), a fundamental change in the well-established negative relationship between fertility and development as the global population entered the twenty-first century. Although development continues to promote fertility decline at low and medium HDI levels, our analyses show that at advanced HDI levels, further development can reverse the declining trend in fertility. The previously negative development-fertility relationship has become J-shaped, with the HDI being positively associated with fertility among highly developed countries. This reversal of fertility decline as a result of continued economic and social development has the potential to slow the rates of population ageing, thereby ameliorating the social and economic problems that have been associated with the emergence and persistence of very low fertility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myrskyla, Mikko -- Kohler, Hans-Peter -- Billari, Francesco C -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 6;460(7256):741-3. doi: 10.1038/nature08230.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Distribution ; *Birth Rate/trends ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Developed Countries/economics/*statistics & numerical data ; Education ; Female ; Fertility/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Income ; Life Expectancy ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Maternal Age ; *Population Growth ; Reproductive Behavior/history/*statistics & numerical data ; Technology/history/statistics & numerical data/trends
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 39
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hand, Eric -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 28;459(7246):495. doi: 10.1038/459495a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/*organization & ; administration
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  • 40
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abbott, Alison -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 2;458(7238):564-7. doi: 10.1038/458564a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19340056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/economics/trends ; Anniversaries and Special Events ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Italy ; Nerve Growth Factor/*history ; *Nobel Prize ; Silver Staining/history ; United States ; Women's Rights/history/trends
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  • 41
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwok, Roberta -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 2;460(7251):20. doi: 10.1038/460020a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19571850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Budgets/legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics/trends ; *Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2009-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caro, Tim -- Sherman, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 24;462(7276):985. doi: 10.1038/462985b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20033023" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Ecosystem
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  • 43
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eggleston, Angela K -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):395. doi: 10.1038/457395a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Gene Knockdown Techniques/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism ; Nobel Prize ; *RNA Interference
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  • 44
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nayar, Anjali -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 10;462(7274):717-9. doi: 10.1038/462717a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cameroon/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/*transmission/*virology ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/veterinary ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Population Surveillance/*methods ; Zoonoses/epidemiology/*transmission/*virology
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2009-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abler, William L -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):379. doi: 10.1038/457379d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; History, 20th Century ; Humans
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  • 46
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-03-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trounson, Alan -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 12;458(7235):161. doi: 10.1038/458161a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 210 King Street, San Francisco, California 94107, USA. atrounson@cirm.ca.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19279628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; China ; Cloning, Organism/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; International Cooperation ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques/*history ; United States
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2009-04-03
    Description: Explaining the ecological causes of evolutionary diversification is a major focus of biology, but surprisingly little has been said about the effects of evolutionary diversification on ecosystems. The number of species in an ecosystem and their traits are key predictors of many ecosystem-level processes, such as rates of productivity, biomass sequestration and decomposition. Here we demonstrate short-term ecosystem-level effects of adaptive radiation in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) over the past 10,000 years. These fish have undergone recent parallel diversification in several lakes in coastal British Columbia, resulting in the formation of two specialized species (benthic and limnetic) from a generalist ancestor. Using a mesocosm experiment, we demonstrate that this diversification has strong effects on ecosystems, affecting prey community structure, total primary production, and the nature of dissolved organic materials that regulate the spectral properties of light transmission in the system. However, these ecosystem effects do not simply increase in their relative strength with increasing specialization and species richness; instead, they reflect the complex and indirect consequences of ecosystem engineering by sticklebacks. It is well known that ecological factors influence adaptive radiation. We demonstrate that adaptive radiation, even over short timescales, can have profound effects on ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harmon, Luke J -- Matthews, Blake -- Des Roches, Simone -- Chase, Jonathan M -- Shurin, Jonathan B -- Schluter, Dolph -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1167-70. doi: 10.1038/nature07974. Epub 2009 Apr 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3051, USA. lukeh@uidaho.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19339968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomass ; British Columbia ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/*classification/*physiology ; Food Chain ; Fresh Water ; Genetic Speciation ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Predatory Behavior
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2009-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chakravarti, Aravinda -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):487-8. doi: 10.1038/461487a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia/ethnology ; Continental Population Groups/genetics/history ; Ethnic Groups/*genetics/history ; Europe/ethnology ; Female ; Founder Effect ; Genetics, Population ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomics ; Genotype ; History, 16th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; India ; Language ; Male ; *Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
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  • 49
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hartung, Thomas -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 9;460(7252):208-12. doi: 10.1038/460208a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Health Sciences at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA. thartung@jhsph.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ; Animals ; False Positive Reactions ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Rats ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design ; Toxicity Tests ; Toxicology/history/*methods/*trends
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2009-09-04
    Description: Complex dynamical systems, ranging from ecosystems to financial markets and the climate, can have tipping points at which a sudden shift to a contrasting dynamical regime may occur. Although predicting such critical points before they are reached is extremely difficult, work in different scientific fields is now suggesting the existence of generic early-warning signals that may indicate for a wide class of systems if a critical threshold is approaching.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheffer, Marten -- Bascompte, Jordi -- Brock, William A -- Brovkin, Victor -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- Dakos, Vasilis -- Held, Hermann -- van Nes, Egbert H -- Rietkerk, Max -- Sugihara, George -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 3;461(7260):53-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. marten.scheffer@wur.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19727193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; Extinction, Biological ; Humans ; *Models, Biological ; *Models, Economic ; Seizures/physiopathology ; Stochastic Processes
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schiermeier, Quirin -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 1;461(7264):590-1. doi: 10.1038/461590a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19794471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Europe, Eastern ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Research Personnel/statistics & numerical data ; Science/*economics/history/manpower/standards
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schiermeier, Quirin -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 1;461(7264):586-9. doi: 10.1038/461586a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19794470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Berlin ; Communism/history ; Czechoslovakia ; Democracy ; Education, Graduate ; Europe, Eastern ; Financing, Organized ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Internationality ; Israel ; Poland ; Politics ; Research Personnel/economics/*education/*history/standards ; Switzerland ; United States
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  • 53
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charron, Dominique J -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):338. doi: 10.1038/460338a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire Jean Dausset, Hopital Saint-Louis, and the Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, 75010 Paris, France. dominique.charron@sls.aphp.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19606138" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allergy and Immunology/*history ; France ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; HLA Antigens/genetics/*history/*immunology ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Transplantation Immunology
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2009-07-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nicotera, Pierluigi -- MC_U132664972/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 2;460(7251):135. doi: 10.1038/nj7251-135a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19582898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*history/*organization & administration ; Germany ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism/pathology
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: Global efforts to mitigate climate change are guided by projections of future temperatures. But the eventual equilibrium global mean temperature associated with a given stabilization level of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations remains uncertain, complicating the setting of stabilization targets to avoid potentially dangerous levels of global warming. Similar problems apply to the carbon cycle: observations currently provide only a weak constraint on the response to future emissions. Here we use ensemble simulations of simple climate-carbon-cycle models constrained by observations and projections from more comprehensive models to simulate the temperature response to a broad range of carbon dioxide emission pathways. We find that the peak warming caused by a given cumulative carbon dioxide emission is better constrained than the warming response to a stabilization scenario. Furthermore, the relationship between cumulative emissions and peak warming is remarkably insensitive to the emission pathway (timing of emissions or peak emission rate). Hence policy targets based on limiting cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide are likely to be more robust to scientific uncertainty than emission-rate or concentration targets. Total anthropogenic emissions of one trillion tonnes of carbon (3.67 trillion tonnes of CO(2)), about half of which has already been emitted since industrialization began, results in a most likely peak carbon-dioxide-induced warming of 2 degrees C above pre-industrial temperatures, with a 5-95% confidence interval of 1.3-3.9 degrees C.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, Myles R -- Frame, David J -- Huntingford, Chris -- Jones, Chris D -- Lowe, Jason A -- Meinshausen, Malte -- Meinshausen, Nicolai -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1163-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08019.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK. myles.allen@physics.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Benchmarking ; Carbon/*analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; Computer Simulation ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Activities/history ; Industry/history ; *Models, Theoretical ; *Temperature ; Time Factors ; Uncertainty
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Noorden, Richard -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 15;461(7266):860. doi: 10.1038/461860a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19829342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; *Chemistry/history ; Crystallization/history ; *Crystallography, X-Ray/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Nobel Prize ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/drug effects/metabolism
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    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fara, Patricia -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 4;459(7247):642-4. doi: 10.1038/459642a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Clare College, University of Cambridge CB2 1TL, UK. pf10006@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19494897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Microscopy/*history/*instrumentation/standards
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  • 58
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schiermeier, Quirin -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 29;457(7229):520-1. doi: 10.1038/457520b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19177092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry/*isolation & purification ; *Ecosystem ; Germany ; Human Activities ; Iron/*chemistry ; Oceans and Seas ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research/*trends ; Seawater/*chemistry
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2009-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feagin, Rusty -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):319. doi: 10.1038/461319e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Carbon/*metabolism ; *Cyclonic Storms ; Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Trees/growth & development/*metabolism ; United States ; Wind
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vance, Erik -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 28;459(7246):498-9. doi: 10.1038/459498a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols/analysis/chemistry ; Agriculture ; Air Pollutants/analysis/chemistry ; Altitude ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; California ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Ozone/analysis/chemistry ; Trees/chemistry/*metabolism ; Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis/chemistry
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: Marine diatoms rose to prominence about 100 million years ago and today generate most of the organic matter that serves as food for life in the sea. They exist in a dilute world where compounds essential for growth are recycled and shared, and they greatly influence global climate, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and marine ecosystem function. How these essential organisms will respond to the rapidly changing conditions in today's oceans is critical for the health of the environment and is being uncovered by studies of their genomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armbrust, E Virginia -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 14;459(7244):185-92. doi: 10.1038/nature08057.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. armbrust@ocean.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Diatoms/chemistry/classification/genetics/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Glass ; Humans ; Iron/metabolism ; *Marine Biology
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2009-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henebry, Geoffrey M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 26;457(7233):1089-90. doi: 10.1038/4571089a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history ; Carbon/*analysis ; Crops, Agricultural/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; History, 20th Century ; Poaceae/metabolism ; Republic of Belarus ; Russia ; Soil/*analysis ; Ukraine
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  • 63
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hertz, Noreena -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):962-3. doi: 10.1038/457962a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, the Netherlands. n.hertz@jbs.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19225504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Capitalism ; Child ; Drug Industry/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Food Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Internationality
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  • 64
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leveau, Johan -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):741-2. doi: 10.1038/461741a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/genetics/*isolation & purification/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Genomics ; Plant Leaves/*microbiology ; *Proteomics
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: Permafrost soils in boreal and Arctic ecosystems store almost twice as much carbon as is currently present in the atmosphere. Permafrost thaw and the microbial decomposition of previously frozen organic carbon is considered one of the most likely positive climate feedbacks from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere in a warmer world. The rate of carbon release from permafrost soils is highly uncertain, but it is crucial for predicting the strength and timing of this carbon-cycle feedback effect, and thus how important permafrost thaw will be for climate change this century and beyond. Sustained transfers of carbon to the atmosphere that could cause a significant positive feedback to climate change must come from old carbon, which forms the bulk of the permafrost carbon pool that accumulated over thousands of years. Here we measure net ecosystem carbon exchange and the radiocarbon age of ecosystem respiration in a tundra landscape undergoing permafrost thaw to determine the influence of old carbon loss on ecosystem carbon balance. We find that areas that thawed over the past 15 years had 40 per cent more annual losses of old carbon than minimally thawed areas, but had overall net ecosystem carbon uptake as increased plant growth offset these losses. In contrast, areas that thawed decades earlier lost even more old carbon, a 78 per cent increase over minimally thawed areas; this old carbon loss contributed to overall net ecosystem carbon release despite increased plant growth. Our data document significant losses of soil carbon with permafrost thaw that, over decadal timescales, overwhelms increased plant carbon uptake at rates that could make permafrost a large biospheric carbon source in a warmer world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schuur, Edward A G -- Vogel, Jason G -- Crummer, Kathryn G -- Lee, Hanna -- Sickman, James O -- Osterkamp, T E -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 28;459(7246):556-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08031.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. tschuur@ufl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon/*analysis/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Feedback ; *Freezing ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Phase Transition ; Soil/*analysis
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2009-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Attenborough, David -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):967. doi: 10.1038/457967a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19225509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biology/history ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Human Activities ; *Television
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2009-08-14
    Description: Ecological communities characteristically contain a wide diversity of species with important functional, economic and aesthetic value. Ecologists have long questioned how this diversity is maintained. Classic theory shows that stable coexistence requires competitors to differ in their niches; this has motivated numerous investigations of ecological differences presumed to maintain diversity. That niche differences are key to coexistence, however, has recently been challenged by the neutral theory of biodiversity, which explains coexistence with the equivalence of competitors. The ensuing controversy has motivated calls for a better understanding of the collective importance of niche differences for the diversity observed in ecological communities. Here we integrate theory and experimentation to show that niche differences collectively stabilize the dynamics of experimental communities of serpentine annual plants. We used field-parameterized population models to develop a null expectation for community dynamics without the stabilizing effects of niche differences. The population growth rates predicted by this null model varied by several orders of magnitude between species, which is sufficient for rapid competitive exclusion. Moreover, after two generations of community change in the field, Shannon diversity was over 50 per cent greater in communities stabilized by niche differences relative to those exhibiting dynamics predicted by the null model. Finally, in an experiment manipulating species' relative abundances, population growth rates increased when species became rare--the demographic signature of niche differences. Our work thus provides strong evidence that species differences have a critical role in stabilizing species diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, Jonathan M -- HilleRisLambers, Janneke -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 10;461(7261):254-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08251. Epub 2009 Aug 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. levine@lifesci.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19675568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; California ; *Ecosystem ; Models, Biological ; Plant Development ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Plants/classification ; Population Dynamics ; Seeds/physiology
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2009-08-29
    Description: Northern Hemisphere surface temperature reconstructions suggest that the late twentieth century was warmer than any other time during the past 500 years and possibly any time during the past 1,300 years (refs 1, 2). These temperature reconstructions are based largely on terrestrial records from extra-tropical or high-elevation sites; however, global average surface temperature changes closely follow those of the global tropics, which are 75% ocean. In particular, the tropical Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) represents a major heat reservoir that both influences global atmospheric circulation and responds to remote northern high-latitude forcings. Here we present a decadally resolved continuous sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction from the IPWP that spans the past two millennia and overlaps the instrumental record, enabling both a direct comparison of proxy data to the instrumental record and an evaluation of past changes in the context of twentieth century trends. Our record from the Makassar Strait, Indonesia, exhibits trends that are similar to a recent Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction. Reconstructed SST was, however, within error of modern values from about ad 1000 to ad 1250, towards the end of the Medieval Warm Period. SSTs during the Little Ice Age (approximately ad 1550-1850) were variable, and approximately 0.5 to 1 degrees C colder than modern values during the coldest intervals. A companion reconstruction of delta(18)O of sea water-a sea surface salinity and hydrology indicator-indicates a tight coupling with the East Asian monsoon system and remote control of IPWP hydrology on centennial-millennial timescales, rather than a dominant influence from local SST variation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oppo, Delia W -- Rosenthal, Yair -- Linsley, Braddock K -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 27;460(7259):1113-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08233.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. doppo@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere/analysis ; Calibration ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Ice Cover ; India ; Indonesia ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Pacific Ocean ; Plankton/metabolism ; Rain ; Records as Topic ; Salinity ; Seasons ; Seawater/*analysis ; *Temperature ; Time Factors ; Tropical Climate ; Weather
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2009-04-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foster, David A -- Darnell, James E Jr -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 9;458(7239):718. doi: 10.1038/458718a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Japan ; Neoplasms/history/*virology ; Oncogenes ; Retroviridae ; United States ; Virology/*history
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, Robert O -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):976. doi: 10.1038/457976a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Robert O. Fox is in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0647, USA. rofox@utmb.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19225517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemistry/*history ; Crystallography, X-Ray/history ; History, 20th Century ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; United States
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  • 71
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seastedt, Tim -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 11;459(7248):783-4. doi: 10.1038/459783a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19516327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Development ; Plants/*microbiology ; Population Growth ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seehausen, Ole -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1122-3. doi: 10.1038/4581122a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; British Columbia ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/*classification/*physiology ; Food Chain ; Fresh Water ; Genetic Speciation ; Models, Biological
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 73
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):406-7. doi: 10.1038/462406a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Consumer Product Safety/standards ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Levonorgestrel/standards ; New York City ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/economics/*organization & ; administration/*standards/trends
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cocroft, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 23;460(7254):439. doi: 10.1038/460439e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Missouri, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19626069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Communication ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Learning ; Predatory Behavior
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  • 75
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):330-4. doi: 10.1038/461330a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics/standards ; *Conflict of Interest ; Drug Industry/economics/*ethics ; *Federal Government ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/ethics/standards ; Physicians/economics/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Personnel/economics/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2009-12-25
    Description: Riverine organic matter supports of the order of one-fifth of estuarine metabolism. Coastal ecosystems are therefore sensitive to alteration of both the quantity and lability of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (DOM) delivered by rivers. The lability of DOM is thought to vary with age, with younger, relatively unaltered organic matter being more easily metabolized by aquatic heterotrophs than older, heavily modified material. This view is developed exclusively from work in watersheds where terrestrial plant and soil sources dominate streamwater DOM. Here we characterize streamwater DOM from 11 coastal watersheds on the Gulf of Alaska that vary widely in glacier coverage (0-64 per cent). In contrast to non-glacial rivers, we find that the bioavailability of DOM to marine microorganisms is significantly correlated with increasing (14)C age. Moreover, the most heavily glaciated watersheds are the source of the oldest ( approximately 4 kyr (14)C age) and most labile (66 per cent bioavailable) DOM. These glacial watersheds have extreme runoff rates, in part because they are subject to some of the highest rates of glacier volume loss on Earth. We estimate the cumulative flux of dissolved organic carbon derived from glaciers contributing runoff to the Gulf of Alaska at 0.13 +/- 0.01 Tg yr(-1) (1 Tg = 10(12) g), of which approximately 0.10 Tg is highly labile. This indicates that glacial runoff is a quantitatively important source of labile reduced carbon to marine ecosystems. Moreover, because glaciers and ice sheets represent the second largest reservoir of water in the global hydrologic system, our findings indicate that climatically driven changes in glacier volume could alter the age, quantity and reactivity of DOM entering coastal oceans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hood, Eran -- Fellman, Jason -- Spencer, Robert G M -- Hernes, Peter J -- Edwards, Rick -- D'Amore, David -- Scott, Durelle -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 24;462(7276):1044-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08580.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Science and Geography Program, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA. eran.hood@uas.alaska.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20033045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Carbon/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water/*chemistry ; Humic Substances/*analysis ; *Ice Cover/chemistry ; Marine Biology ; Pacific Ocean ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Water Movements
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  • 77
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-13
    Description: The theory of evolution by natural selection has prospered in its first 150 years and provides a consistent account of species as highly adapted and rare survivors in the struggle for existence. It now faces the challenge of finding order in the evolution of complex systems, including human society.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pagel, Mark -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):808-11. doi: 10.1038/nature07889.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK. m.pagel@reading.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biology/*history ; Genetic Speciation ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Periodicals as Topic ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 78
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):310-1. doi: 10.1038/460310a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19606109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Christianity ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/*organization & administration ; Religion and Science ; United States
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  • 79
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barry, John M -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):324-5. doi: 10.1038/459324a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Bioenvironmental Research of Tulane and Xavier Universities, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA. jbarry@tulane.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Communication/*history ; Disease Outbreaks/*history/prevention & control ; *Federal Government ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human/*history/mortality/prevention & control/*psychology ; Internationality ; Panic ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology ; United States
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  • 80
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cole, Jonathan J -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 23;460(7254):463-4. doi: 10.1038/460463a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19626100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; *Fresh Water ; Light ; Sweden
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2009-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hosken, David J -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):831. doi: 10.1038/458831d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19370010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anniversaries and Special Events ; Biology/*history ; Genetic Speciation ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Mating Preference, Animal/*physiology ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2009-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 19;458(7236):271. doi: 10.1038/458271a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19295575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioterrorism ; Child ; Disaster Planning/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/*organization & administration
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: Marine microbial communities are engines of globally important processes, such as the marine carbon, nitrogen and sulphur cycles. Recent data on the structures of these communities show that they adhere to universal biological rules. Co-occurrence patterns can help define species identities, and systems-biology tools are revealing networks of interacting microorganisms. Some microbial systems are found to change predictably, helping us to anticipate how microbial communities and their activities will shift in a changing world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuhrman, Jed A -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 14;459(7244):193-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08058.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA. fuhrman@usc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Genomics/methods/trends ; Greenhouse Effect ; *Marine Biology ; *Water Microbiology
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  • 84
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-08-21
    Description: One hundred years after Charles Doolittle Walcott found a wealth of Cambrian fossils in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Desmond Collins reflects on the bumpy road of their classification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Desmond -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):952-3. doi: 10.1038/460952a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19693066" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anniversaries and Special Events ; British Columbia ; *Classification ; *Fossils ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century
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  • 85
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Harry -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 5;458(7234):30. doi: 10.1038/458030a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the Study of Knowledge Expertise Science at Cardiff University, UK. collinshm@cf.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19262652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humanities/trends ; Logic ; Science/history/*standards ; Social Sciences/*trends ; Uncertainty
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  • 86
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 5;457(7230):650-5. doi: 10.1038/457650a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Financing, Organized/*organization & administration/statistics & numerical data ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Muscular Dystrophies ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Neurosciences/*economics ; Research/*economics ; Research Personnel/*economics ; Uncertainty ; United States ; Xenopus/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2009-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pasachoff, Jay M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):379. doi: 10.1038/457379b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry/history ; *Heredity ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Nobel Prize ; *Nuclear Family ; Physics/history ; Physiology/history
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  • 88
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Longair, Malcolm -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 24;462(7276):996. doi: 10.1038/462996a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20033036" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 20th Century ; Nuclear Weapons/history ; Physics/history ; Russia
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  • 89
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 5;462(7269):48-9. doi: 10.1038/462048a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19890321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anniversaries and Special Events ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Periodicals as Topic/*history ; Science/*history
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  • 90
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 5;462(7269):12. doi: 10.1038/462012a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19890281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anniversaries and Special Events ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Periodicals as Topic/*history/trends
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2009-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Louys, Julien -- Bishop, Laura C -- Wilkinson, David M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 17;462(7275):847. doi: 10.1038/462847b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Ecology/*trends ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Paleontology/*trends ; Research/*trends
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  • 92
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearson, Helen -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 9;460(7252):164-9. doi: 10.1038/460164a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic/history ; Cystic Fibrosis/*genetics/*history/physiopathology/therapy ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance ; Regulator/chemistry/*genetics/*history/metabolism ; Genetic Therapy/history/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/history/metabolism
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2009-11-27
    Description: Biomaterials, traditionally defined as materials used in medical devices, have been used since antiquity, but recently their degree of sophistication has increased significantly. Biomaterials made today are routinely information rich and incorporate biologically active components derived from nature. In the future, biomaterials will assume an even greater role in medicine and will find use in a wide variety of non-medical applications through biologically inspired design and incorporation of dynamic behaviour.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2848528/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2848528/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huebsch, Nathaniel -- Mooney, David J -- R37 DE013033/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R37 DE013033-12/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):426-32. doi: 10.1038/nature08601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, 319 Pierce Hall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biocompatible Materials/history/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Engineering/history ; Biomedical Research/history/*trends ; *Biomimetic Materials/therapeutic use ; Equipment Design/history/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants/history/trends
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2009-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shindell, Drew -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):321. doi: 10.1038/459321b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollution/economics/*prevention & control ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Green Chemistry Technology/economics/methods
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  • 95
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearson, Helen -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 5;458(7234):22-4. doi: 10.1038/458022a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19262647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biocompatible Materials ; Biotechnology/economics/organization & administration ; *Chemical Engineering/history/organization & administration ; Drug Delivery Systems/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Laboratories/manpower/organization & administration ; Massachusetts ; Patents as Topic/history ; Tissue Engineering/history ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2009-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berry, R J -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):411. doi: 10.1038/462411b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Cultural Diversity ; Great Britain ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; *Religion and Science
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pederson, Thoru -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):423. doi: 10.1038/462423a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell-Free System ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Molecular Biology/*history ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Transfer/history ; Rous sarcoma virus/genetics/growth & development ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 29;461(7268):1173-4. doi: 10.1038/4611173b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19865116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; China ; *Culture ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Internationality ; Public Opinion/*history ; *Religion and Science ; Russia
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lubick, Naomi -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 5;457(7230):640-1. doi: 10.1038/457640a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; *Drug Industry ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; India ; Industrial Waste/*adverse effects/*analysis ; Larva/drug effects ; Rivers/chemistry ; Sweden ; *Waste Disposal, Fluid ; Water Pollutants/*adverse effects/*analysis ; Water Supply/analysis ; Zebrafish/embryology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bignami, Giovanni -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):325. doi: 10.1038/460325a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Advanced Study of Pavia (IUSS), Lungo Ticino Sforza 56, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Accademia dei Lincei, Rome, Italy. Space Science Advisory giovanni.bignami@gmail.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19606127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronauts/history/*trends ; Europe ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Politics ; Space Flight/economics/history/*trends ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics/history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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