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  • Female  (357)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (357)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 1985-1989  (357)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (357)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Springer  (1)
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Can psychotherapy delay cancer deaths? (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 27;246(4929):448-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2814475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*therapy ; Female ; Humans ; *Psychotherapy, Group ; Survival Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Freeze avoidance in a mammal: body temperatures below 0 degree C in an Arctic hibernator (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-30
    Description: Hibernating arctic ground squirrels, Spermophilus parryii, were able to adopt and spontaneously arouse from core body temperatures as low as -2.9 degrees C without freezing. Abdominal body temperatures of ground squirrels hibernating in outdoor burrows were recorded with temperature-sensitive radiotransmitter implants. Body temperatures and soil temperatures at hibernaculum depth reached average minima during February of -1.9 degrees and -6 degrees C, respectively. Laboratory-housed ground squirrels hibernating in ambient temperatures of -4.3 degrees C maintained above 0 degree C thoracic temperatures but decreased colonic temperatures to as low as -1.3 degrees C. Plasma sampled from animals with below 0 degree C body temperatures had normal solute concentrations and showed no evidence of containing antifreeze molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, B M -- HD 23383/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 30;244(4912):1593-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks 99775-0180.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antifreeze Proteins ; Arctic Regions ; Arousal ; *Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Female ; *Freezing ; Glycoproteins/analysis ; *Hibernation ; Male ; Sciuridae/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Temperature and sperm incorporation in polyploid salamanders (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-24
    Description: Although most animals reproduce sexually, a number of all-female groups exist. Triploid hybrid salamanders appear to maintain themselves by using a male's sperm to activate their eggs, after which the sperm nucleus is eliminated (gynogenesis). The incidence of sperm nuclear incorporation in eggs of these salamanders depends on temperature. Triploid offspring derived gynogenetically are more frequent at lower temperature, whereas tetraploid offspring derived sexually are far more frequent at higher temperatures. Temperature-dependent variability in sperm nuclear incorporation helps explain the variability in reproductive modes reported for hybrid salamanders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bogart, J P -- Elinson, R P -- Licht, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 24;246(4933):1032-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2587986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ambystoma/genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Karyotyping ; Larva ; Male ; *Polyploidy ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Fetal research (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-10
    Description: This article reviews some of the significant contributions of fetal research and fetal tissue research over the past 20 years. The benefits of fetal research include the development of vaccines, advances in prenatal diagnosis, detection of malformations, assessment of safe and effective medications, and the development of in utero surgical therapies. Fetal tissue research benefits vaccine development, assessment of risk factors and toxicity levels in drug production, development of cell lines, and provides a source of fetal cells for ongoing transplantation trials. Together, fetal research and fetal tissue research offer tremendous potential for the treatment of the fetus, neonate, and adult.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, J T -- Sladek, J R Jr -- P01-NS24032/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01-NS25778/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):775-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY 14642.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis ; Female ; *Fetal Diseases ; *Fetal Research ; *Fetus/cytology/surgery ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Humans ; Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; *Research ; *Risk Assessment ; Therapeutic Human Experimentation ; Vaccines
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Defensive behaviors in infant rhesus monkeys: environmental cues and neurochemical regulation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-31
    Description: To survive, primates must detect danger in time to activate appropriate defensive behaviors. In this study, the defensive behaviors of infant rhesus monkeys exposed to humans were characterized. It was observed that the direction of the human's gaze is a potent cue for the infant. Infants separated from their mothers were active and emitted frequent distress vocalizations. When a human entered the room but did not look at the infant, it became silent and froze in one position. If the human stared at the infant, it responded with aggressive barking. Alterations of the opiate system affected the frequency of the infant's distress calls without affecting barking and freezing, whereas benzodiazepine administration selectively reduced barking and freezing. This suggests that opiate and benzodiazepine systems regulate specific defensive behaviors in primates and that these systems work together to mediate behavioral responses important for survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalin, N H -- Shelton, S E -- DK-35641/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1718-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2564702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/physiology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/*physiology ; Benzodiazepines/physiology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/physiology ; *Fear ; Female ; Macaca/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Motion ; Motor Activity/drug effects/physiology ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*physiology ; Vision, Ocular ; Vocalization, Animal/drug effects/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Antisense RNA-induced reduction in murine TIMP levels confers oncogenicity on Swiss 3T3 cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-17
    Description: Mouse 3T3 cell lines capable of constitutively synthesizing an RNA complementary to the messenger RNA encoding TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, were constructed by transfection with appropriate plasmid constructs. Many of the lines were down-modulated for TIMP messenger RNA levels and secreted less TIMP into the culture medium. In comparison to noninvasive, nontumorigenic controls, these cells not only were invasive in a human amnion invasion assay, but also were tumorigenic and metastatic in athymic mice. These results indicate that TIMP suppresses oncogenicity, at least in immortal murine 3T3 cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khokha, R -- Waterhouse, P -- Yagel, S -- Lala, P K -- Overall, C M -- Norton, G -- Denhardt, D T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):947-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2465572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Enzyme Inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Metalloendopeptidases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pituitary Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; RNA/*genetics ; RNA, Antisense ; RNA, Messenger/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Nutritional importance of pyrroloquinoline quinone (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-25
    Description: Mice fed a chemically defined diet devoid of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) grew poorly, failed to reproduce, and became osteolathyritic. Moreover, severely affected mice had friable skin, skin collagen that was readily extractable into neutral salt solutions, and decreased lysyl oxidase. The identification of functional defects in connective tissue and the growth retardation associated with PQQ deprivation suggest that PQQ plays a fundamental role as a growth factor or vitamin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Killgore, J -- Smidt, C -- Duich, L -- Romero-Chapman, N -- Tinker, D -- Reiser, K -- Melko, M -- Hyde, D -- Rucker, R B -- AM-35747/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL-15965/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 25;245(4920):850-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Nutrition, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2549636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Coenzymes/*physiology ; Collagen/metabolism ; Female ; Growth Substances/physiology ; Mice ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; PQQ Cofactor ; Quinolones/deficiency/*physiology ; Skin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    The choosing of the NIH director (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koshland, D E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 24;246(4933):981.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2587989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Legal ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Politics ; Pregnancy ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Monitoring the AIDS epidemic in the United States: a network approach (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-09
    Description: Respondents in the 1988 General Social Survey (GSS) were asked to scan their acquaintance networks to identify all those who had been a victim of a homicide or had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Estimates of the sex, race, age, and regional breakdowns for homicides in the last year and for people with AIDS were compared with official statistics. The GSS estimates for the distribution of homicide victims replicate the official statistics quite well. The GSS estimates for AIDS cases suggest that the data provided to the Centers for Disease Control may underestimate by a substantial margin the prevalence of AIDS in the white population of higher socioeconomic status, overstate the relative prevalence of the disease in the minority populations, underestimate the prevalence of the disease in the Midwest, and overstate it for the East.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laumann, E O -- Gagnon, J H -- Michaels, S -- Michael, R T -- Coleman, J S -- N0I-HD-8-2907/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 9;244(4909):1186-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2543079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Identification of the molecular defect in a family with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-26
    Description: Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias (SED) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by disproportionate short stature and pleiotropic involvement of the skeletal and ocular systems. Evidence has suggested that SED may result from structural defects in type II collagen. To confirm the validity of this hypothesis, the structure of the "candidate" type II collagen gene (COL2A1) has been directly examined in a relatively large SED family. Coarse scanning of the gene by Southern blot hybridization identified an abnormal restriction pattern in one of the affected members of the kindred. Analysis of selected genomic fragments, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, precisely localized the molecular defect and demonstrated that all affected family members carried the same heterozygous single-exon deletion. As a consequence of the mutation, nearly 90 percent of the assembled type II collagen homotrimers are expected to contain one or more procollagen subunits harboring an interstitial deletion of 36 amino acids in the triple helical domain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, B -- Vissing, H -- Ramirez, F -- Rogers, D -- Rimoin, D -- AR-38648/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HD-22657/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):978-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn 11203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2543071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Collagen/*genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Osteochondrodysplasias/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Procollagen/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Cloning and sequencing of porcine LH-hCG receptor cDNA: variants lacking transmembrane domain (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-04
    Description: Complementary DNA clones, encoding the LH-hCG (luteinizing hormone-human choriogonadotropic hormone) receptor were isolated by screening a lambda gt11 library with monoclonal antibodies. The primary structure of the protein was deduced from the DNA sequence analysis; the protein contains 696 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 27 amino acids. Hydropathy analysis suggests the existence of seven transmembrane domains that show homology with the corresponding regions of other G protein-coupled receptors. Three other types of clones corresponding to shorter proteins were observed, in which the putative transmembrane domain was absent. These probably arose through alternative splicing. RNA blot analysis showed similar patterns in testis and ovary with a major RNA of 4700 nucleotides and several minor species. The messenger RNA was expressed in COS-7 cells, yielding a protein that bound hCG with the same affinity as the testicular receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loosfelt, H -- Misrahi, M -- Atger, M -- Salesse, R -- Vu Hai-Luu Thi, M T -- Jolivet, A -- Guiochon-Mantel, A -- Sar, S -- Jallal, B -- Garnier, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):525-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale Unite 135, Hopital de Bicetre, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2502844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; Female ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovary/analysis ; Protein Sorting Signals/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Receptors, LH/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Swine ; Testis/analysis ; Tissue Distribution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    New type of receptor found (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 9;244(4909):1140-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2567057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*physiology ; Cyclic AMP/physiology ; Cyclic GMP/physiology ; Female ; Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism ; Male ; Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology ; Sea Urchins ; Second Messenger Systems ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Gene signals relapse of breast, ovarian cancers (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):654-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2566202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Female ; *Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptor, ErbB-2
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 14
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    A new DNA marker tightly linked to the fragile X locus (FRAXA) (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-08
    Description: The fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of familial mental retardation. Genetic counseling and gene isolation are hampered by a lack of DNA markers close to the disease locus. Two somatic cell hybrids that each contain a human X chromosome with a breakpoint close to the fragile X locus have been characterized. A new DNA marker (DXS296) lies between the chromosome breakpoints and is the closest marker to the fragile X locus yet reported. The Hunter syndrome gene, which causes iduronate sulfatase deficiency, is located at the X chromosome breakpoint that is distal to this new marker, thus localizing the Hunter gene distal to the fragile X locus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suthers, G K -- Callen, D F -- Hyland, V J -- Kozman, H M -- Baker, E -- Eyre, H -- Harper, P S -- Roberts, S H -- Hors-Cayla, M C -- Davies, K E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 8;246(4935):1298-300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Histopathology, Adelaide Children's Hospital, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2573953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Genetic Counseling ; *Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Markers ; Genomic Library ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Likelihood Functions ; Mice ; Mucopolysaccharidosis II/genetics ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations/*genetics ; Translocation, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Germ-line transmission of a c-abl mutation produced by targeted gene disruption in ES cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-10
    Description: A substitution mutation has been introduced into the c-abl locus of murine embryonic stem cells by homologous recombination between exogenously added DNA and the endogenous gene, and these cells have been used to generate chimeric mice. It is shown that the c-abl mutation was transmitted to progeny by several male chimeras. This work demonstrates the feasibility of germ-line transmission of a mutation introduced into a nonselectable autosomal gene by homologous recombination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartzberg, P L -- Goff, S P -- Robertson, E J -- P01 CA 23767/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD 25208/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):799-803.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2554496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abelson murine leukemia virus/*genetics ; Animals ; Blotting, Southern ; Cell Line ; Chimera ; Cloning, Molecular ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Leukemia Virus, Murine/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Mutation ; Oncogenes/*physiology ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/*genetics
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  • 16
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    The effect of deprenyl (selegiline) on the natural history of Parkinson's disease (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-04
    Description: The effects of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), a neurotoxin that produces the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, can be fully prevented in experimental animals by inhibiting monoamine oxidase B. On the basis of this observation, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with early Parkinson's disease was initiated to determine whether deprenyl (a selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor) would delay the need for L-dopa therapy by slowing the progression of the disease. Fifty-four patients were randomly assigned to deprenyl (10 mg/day) or placebo treatment groups and followed until L-dopa therapy was indicated or until the patient had been in the study for 3 years. Analysis of Kaplan-Meier survival curves for each group showed that deprenyl delayed the need for L-dopa therapy; the average time until L-dopa was needed was 312.1 days for patients in the placebo group and 548.9 days for patients in the deprenyl group. Disease progression, as monitored by five different assessment scales, was slowed (by 40 to 83% per year) in the deprenyl group compared to placebo. Therefore, early deprenyl therapy delays the requirement for antiparkinsonian medication, possibly by slowing progression of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tetrud, J W -- Langston, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):519-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉California Parkinson's Foundation, San Jose 95128.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2502843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Aged ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Levodopa/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Parkinson Disease/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced ; Phenethylamines/*therapeutic use ; Pyridines/adverse effects/antagonists & inhibitors ; Random Allocation ; Selegiline/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
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    Old bones solve new problems (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 15;245(4923):1185.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2781278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Bone and Bones/*analysis/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Forensic Medicine ; *Fossils ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; *Paleontology
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    Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-16
    Description: Phencyclidine (PCP), a dissociative anesthetic and widely abused psychotomimetic drug, and MK-801, a potent PCP receptor ligand, have neuroprotective properties stemming from their ability to antagonize the excitotoxic actions of endogenous excitatory amino acids such as glutamate and aspartate. There is growing interest in the potential application of these compounds in the treatment of neurological disorders. However, there is an apparent neurotoxic effect of PCP and related agents (MK-801, tiletamine, and ketamine), which has heretofore been overlooked: these drugs induce acute pathomorphological changes in specific populations of brain neurons when administered subcutaneously to adult rats in relatively low doses. These findings raise new questions regarding the safety of these agents in the clinical management of neurodegenerative diseases and reinforce concerns about the potential risks associated with illicit use of PCP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olney, J W -- Labruyere, J -- Price, M T -- DA 53568/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH 38894/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 16;244(4910):1360-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2660263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*drug effects/pathology ; Dibenzocycloheptenes/*toxicity ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; Female ; Ketamine/toxicity ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neurons/drug effects ; Phencyclidine/*toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Tiletamine/toxicity ; Time Factors
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    The Molecule of the Year (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guyer, R L -- Koshland, D E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1543-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2688087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Induced ; Cystic Fibrosis/genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Female ; *Genetic Techniques ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Mifepristone ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Pregnancy ; Research/*trends
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    Court ruling rekindles controversy over SATs (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):885-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2919279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Male ; *Prejudice ; *School Admission Criteria ; Sex Factors ; United States ; *Universities
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    Molecular cloning of the thyrotropin receptor (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-22
    Description: The pituitary hormone thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is the main physiological agent that regulates the thyroid gland. The thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) was cloned by selective amplification with the polymerase chain reaction of DNA segments presenting sequence similarity with genes for G protein-coupled receptors. Out of 11 new putative receptor clones obtained from genomic DNA, one had sequence characteristics different from all the others. Although this clone did not hybridize to thyroid transcripts, screening of a dog thyroid complementary DNA (cDNA) library at moderate stringency identified a cDNA encoding a 4.9-kilobase thyroid-specific transcript. The polypeptide encoded by this thyroid-specific transcript consisted of a 398-amino acid residue amino-terminal segment, constituting a putative extracellular domain, connected to a 346-residue carboxyl-terminal domain that contained seven putative transmembrane segments. Expression of the cDNA conferred TSH responsiveness to Xenopus oocytes and Y1 cells and a TSH binding phenotype to COS cells. The TSHR and the receptor for luteinizing hormone-choriogonadotropin constitute a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors with distinct sequence characteristics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parmentier, M -- Libert, F -- Maenhaut, C -- Lefort, A -- Gerard, C -- Perret, J -- Van Sande, J -- Dumont, J E -- Vassart, G -- R01-DK21732/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1620-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, Faculte de Medecine, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2556796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclic AMP ; Dogs ; Female ; *Genes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Thyrotropin/*genetics ; Thyrotropin/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus
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    Mutants of pertussis toxin suitable for vaccine development (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-10-27
    Description: Immunization with chemically detoxified pertussis toxin can prevent severe whooping cough with an efficacy similar to that of the cellular pertussis vaccine, which normally gives unwanted side effects. To avoid the reversion to toxicity and the loss of immunogenicity that may follow chemical treatment of pertussis toxin, inactive toxins were constructed by genetic manipulation. A number of genetically engineered alleles of the pertussis toxin genes, constructed by replacing either one or two key amino acids within the enzymatically active S1 subunit, were introduced into the chromosome of strains of Bordetella pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica. These strains produce mutant pertussis toxin molecules that are nontoxic and immunogenic and that protect mice from the intracerebral challenge with virulent Bordetella pertussis. Such molecules are ideal for the development of new and safer vaccines against whooping cough.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pizza, M -- Covacci, A -- Bartoloni, A -- Perugini, M -- Nencioni, L -- De Magistris, M T -- Villa, L -- Nucci, D -- Manetti, R -- Bugnoli, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 27;246(4929):497-500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sclavo Research Center, Siena, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Genetic Techniques ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mutation ; *Pertussis Toxin ; Pertussis Vaccine/*toxicity ; Rabbits ; Vaccines, Synthetic/toxicity ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/genetics/immunology/*toxicity
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    Fitness differences among remnant populations of the endangered sonoran topminnow (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-01
    Description: Four correlates of fitness were measured in three stocks of the endangered Sonoran topminnow, Poeciliopsis occidentalis, from Arizona. Survival, growth, early fecundity, and developmental stability were greatest in laboratory-reared fish from the most heterozygous natural population studied. Conversely, all four traits were poorest in fish from a population with no electrophoretically detectable genetic variation. These results emphasize the need for genetic as well as demographic information for the development of comprehensive species recovery programs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quattro, J M -- Vrijenhoek, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 1;245(4921):976-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2772650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arizona ; *Biological Evolution ; Cyprinodontiformes/*genetics ; Female ; Fertility ; Genetic Variation ; Male ; Poecilia/anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Species Specificity
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    Genetic engineering of livestock (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-16
    Description: Genetic engineering of livestock is expected to have a major effect on the agricultural industry. However, accurate assessment of the consequences of transgene expression is impossible without multigenerational studies. A systematic study of the beneficial and adverse consequences of long-term elevations in the plasma levels of bovine growth hormone (bGH) was conducted on two lines of transgenic pigs. Two successive generations of pigs expressing the bGH gene showed significant improvements in both daily weight gain and feed efficiency and exhibited changes in carcass composition that included a marked reduction in subcutaneous fat. However, long-term elevation of bGH was generally detrimental to health: the pigs had a high incidence of gastric ulcers, arthritis, cardiomegaly, dermatitis, and renal disease. The ability to produce pigs exhibiting only the beneficial, growth-promoting effects of growth hormone by a transgenic approach may require better control of transgene expression, a different genetic background, or a modified husbandry regimen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pursel, V G -- Pinkert, C A -- Miller, K F -- Bolt, D J -- Campbell, R G -- Palmiter, R D -- Brinster, R L -- Hammer, R E -- HD-09172/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-19018/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 16;244(4910):1281-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2499927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*genetics/growth & development ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Body Weight ; Female ; *Genetic Engineering ; Growth Hormone/genetics ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/genetics ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics ; Mice ; Organ Size ; Swine/genetics/growth & development ; *Transfection
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    A genetic polymorphism in the renin gene of Dahl rats cosegregates with blood pressure (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-27
    Description: Blood pressure is influenced by multiple genetic loci whose identities are largely unknown. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the renin gene was found between Dahl salt-hypertension-sensitive (S) and Dahl salt-hypertension-resistant (R) rats. In an F2 population derived from crossing S and R rats, the renin RFLP cosegregated with blood pressure. One dose of the S-rat renin allele was associated with an increment in blood pressure of approximately 10 mmHg, and two doses of this allele increased blood pressure approximately 20 mmHg. From this it can be definitively concluded that in the rat the renin gene is, or is closely linked to, one of the genes regulating blood pressure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rapp, J P -- Wang, S M -- Dene, H -- HL-07357/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-20176/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 27;243(4890):542-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2563177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Blotting, Southern ; DNA Probes ; Female ; Genotype ; Hypertension/*genetics ; Male ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Renin/*genetics ; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
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    Amplification and molecular cloning of HTLV-I sequences from DNA of multiple sclerosis patients (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-27
    Description: Techniques of gene amplification, molecular cloning, and sequence analysis were used to test for the presence of sequences related to human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of six patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 20 normal individuals. HTLV-I sequences were detected in all six MS patients and in one individual from the control group by DNA blot analysis and molecular cloning of amplified DNAs. The viral sequence in MS patients were associated with adherent cell populations consisting predominantly of monocytes and macrophages. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that these amplified viral sequences were related to the HTLV-I proviral genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reddy, E P -- Sandberg-Wollheim, M -- Mettus, R V -- Ray, P E -- DeFreitas, E -- Koprowski, H -- CA-10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS-11036/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 27;243(4890):529-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2536193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Base Sequence ; Child ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Amplification ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/*genetics ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/analysis/microbiology ; Macrophages/analysis/microbiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiple Sclerosis/*microbiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Probes
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    The product of the mos proto-oncogene as a candidate "initiator" for oocyte maturation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-11
    Description: The endogenous c-mos product, pp39mos, is required for progesterone-induced meiotic maturation in Xenopus oocytes. Treatment of oocytes with progesterone induced a rapid increase in pp39mos that preceded both the activation of maturation promoting factor (MPF) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Microinjection of synthetic mos RNA into oocytes activated MPF and induced GVBD in the absence of progesterone. Thus, the mos proto-oncogene product may qualify as a candidate "initiator" protein of MPF and is at least one of the "triggers" for G2 to M transition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sagata, N -- Daar, I -- Oskarsson, M -- Showalter, S D -- Vande Woude, G F -- N01-CO-74101/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 11;245(4918):643-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BRI-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research Facility, MD 21701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2474853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Female ; Growth Substances/physiology ; Kinetics ; Maturation-Promoting Factor ; Meiosis/drug effects ; Microinjections ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos ; RNA/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Xenopus
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    Reciprocal effects of hyper- and hypoactivity mutations in the Drosophila pattern gene torso (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-24
    Description: In Drosophila, five "terminal" polarity genes must be active in females in order for them to produce embryos with normal anterior and posterior ends. Hypoactivity mutations in one such gene, torso, result in the loss of the most posterior domain of fushi tarazu expression and the terminal cuticular structures. In contrast, a torso hyperactivity mutation causes the loss of central fushi tarazu expression and central cuticular structures. Cytoplasmic leakage, transplantation, and temperature-shift experiments suggest that the latter effect is caused by abnormal persistence of the torso product in the central region of the embryo during early development. Thus, the amount and timing of torso activity is key to distinguishing the central and terminal regions of the embryo. Mutations in the tailless terminal gene act as dominant maternal suppressors of the hyperactive torso allele, indicating that the torso product acts through, or in concert with, the tailless product.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strecker, T R -- Halsell, S R -- Fisher, W W -- Lipshitz, H D -- GM07616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD23099/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 24;243(4894 Pt 1):1062-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2922596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abdomen ; Alleles ; Animals ; Cytoplasm/physiology ; Drosophila/anatomy & histology/embryology/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Suppression, Genetic ; Thorax
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    Market sours on milk hormone (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 17;246(4932):876-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2814506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Female ; *Food Labeling ; *Growth Hormone ; *Milk ; United States
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    La difference (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-03-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 24;243(4898):1536.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2928786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Composition ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Factors
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    Finite social space, evolutionary pathways, and reconstructing hominid behavior (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-17
    Description: Changes in social behavior were a key aspect of human evolution, and yet it is notoriously difficult for paleobiologists to determine patterns of social evolution. By defining the limited number of distributional strategies available to members of each sex of any species and investigating the conditions under which they may occur and change, the social behavior of different hominid taxa may be reconstructed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foley, R A -- Lee, P C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):901-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2493158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Haplorhini/genetics ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; *Social Behavior
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    Body weight and reproduction (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frisch, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 27;246(4929):432.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2814472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Body Weight/*physiology ; Cricetinae ; Female ; Fertility/*physiology ; Humans ; Mesocricetus
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Koop finds abortion evidence "inconclusive" (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 10;243(4892):730-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2916120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Induced/*psychology ; Behavioral Research ; Federal Government ; Female ; Humans ; *Pregnant Women
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    Sex pheromones in snakes (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-07-21
    Description: The majority of pheromones identified to date are insect pheromones, which are volatile in nature. Identification of nonvolatile pheromones have been relatively rare, especially in vertebrates. Male and female garter snakes use pheromones to mediate sexual behavior. The female sex attractiveness pheromone of the Canadian red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, consists of a novel series of nonvolatile saturated and monounsaturated long-chain methyl ketones, whereas the male sex recognition pheromone contains squalene. These compounds were isolated, identified, and partially synthesized, and field tests show them to be biologically active.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mason, R T -- Fales, H M -- Jones, T H -- Pannell, L K -- Chinn, J W -- Crews, D -- NICHHD 16687/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NIMH 00135/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NIMH 09310/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 21;245(4915):290-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2749261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Pheromones/*isolation & purification ; Sex Attractants/analysis/chemical synthesis/*isolation & purification ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Snakes/*physiology
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    Lutropin-choriogonadotropin receptor: an unusual member of the G protein-coupled receptor family (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-04
    Description: A complementary DNA (cDNA) for the rat luteal lutropin-choriogonadotropin receptor (LH-CG-R) was isolated with the use of a DNA probe generated in a polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers based on peptide sequences of purified receptor protein. As would be predicted from the cDNA sequence, the LH-CG-R consists of a 26-residue signal peptide, a 341-residue extracellular domain displaying an internal repeat structure characteristic of members of the leucine-rich glycoprotein (LRG) family, and a 333-residue region containing seven transmembrane segments. This membrane-spanning region displays sequence similarity with all members of the G protein-coupled receptor family. Hence, the LH-CG-R gene may have evolved by recombination of LRG and G protein-coupled receptor genes. Cells engineered to express LH-CG-R cDNA bind human choriogonadotropin with high affinity and show an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate when exposed to hormone. As revealed by RNA blot analysis and in situ hybridization, the 4.4-kilobase cognate messenger RNA is prominently localized in the rat ovary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McFarland, K C -- Sprengel, R -- Phillips, H S -- Kohler, M -- Rosemblit, N -- Nikolics, K -- Segaloff, D L -- Seeburg, P H -- HD22196/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):494-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Genetech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2502842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; DNA Probes ; Female ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovary/analysis ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, LH/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Tissue Distribution
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    Buprenorphine suppresses cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-25
    Description: Cocaine abuse has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, and the search for an effective pharmacotherapy continues. Because primates self-administer most of the drugs abused by humans, they can be used to predict the abuse liability of new drugs and for preclinical evaluation of new pharmacotherapies for drug abuse treatment. Daily administration of buprenorphine (an opioid mixed agonist-antagonist) significantly suppressed cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys for 30 consecutive days. The effects of buprenorphine were dose-dependent. The suppression of cocaine self-administration by buprenorphine did not reflect a generalized suppression of behavior. These data suggest that buprenorphine would be a useful pharmacotherapy for treatment of cocaine abuse. Because buprenorphine is a safe and effective pharmacotherapy for heroin dependence, buprenorphine treatment may also attenuate dual abuse of cocaine and heroin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mello, N K -- Mendelson, J H -- Bree, M P -- Lukas, S E -- DA-00101/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-02519/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-04059/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 25;245(4920):859-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02178.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2772637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Buprenorphine/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cocaine/*administration & dosage ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Self Administration ; Substance-Related Disorders/*drug therapy
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    Delay of gratification in children (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-05-26
    Description: To function effectively, individuals must voluntarily postpone immediate gratification and persist in goal-directed behavior for the sake of later outcomes. The present research program analyzed the nature of this type of future-oriented self-control and the psychological processes that underlie it. Enduring individual differences in self-control were found as early as the preschool years. Those 4-year-old children who delayed gratification longer in certain laboratory situations developed into more cognitively and socially competent adolescents, achieving higher scholastic performance and coping better with frustration and stress. Experiments in the same research program also identified specific cognitive and attentional processes that allow effective self-regulation early in the course of development. The experimental results, in turn, specified the particular types of preschool delay situations diagnostic for predicting aspects of cognitive and social competence later in life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mischel, W -- Shoda, Y -- Rodriguez, M I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):933-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York 10027〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2658056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological ; Attention ; Child ; *Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; *Cognition ; Female ; *Frustration ; Humans ; *Individuality ; Male ; Reward ; Social Adjustment
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    Vaccination with a synthetic zona pellucida peptide produces long-term contraception in female mice (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-17
    Description: The zona pellucida surrounding mouse oocytes is an extracellular matrix composed of three sulfated glycoproteins, ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3. It has been demonstrated that a monoclonal antibody to ZP3 injected into female mice inhibits fertilization by binding to the zona pellucida and blocking sperm penetration. A complementary DNA encoding ZP3 was randomly cleaved and 200- to 1000-base pair fragments were cloned into the expression vector lambda gt11. This epitope library was screened with the aforementioned contraceptive antibody, and the positive clones were used to map the seven-amino acid epitope recognized by the antibody. Female mice were immunized with a synthetic peptide containing this B cell epitope coupled to a carrier protein to provide helper T cell epitopes. The resultant circulating antibodies to ZP3 bound to the zona pellucida of immunized animals and produced long-lasting contraception. The lack of ovarian histopathology or cellular cytotoxicity among the immunized animals may be because of the absence of zona pellucida T cell epitopes in this vaccine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Millar, S E -- Chamow, S M -- Baur, A W -- Oliver, C -- Robey, F -- Dean, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 17;246(4932):935-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2479101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Contraception ; *Contraception, Immunologic ; DNA/genetics ; *Egg Proteins ; Epitopes/analysis ; Female ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*immunology ; Male ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Ovum/*physiology ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; *Vaccination ; Zona Pellucida/*physiology
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    Receptor-mediated drug delivery to macrophages in chemotherapy of leishmaniasis (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-12
    Description: Methotrexate coupled to maleylated bovine serum albumin was taken up efficiently through the "scavenger" receptors present on macrophages and led to selective killing of intracellular Leishmania mexicana amazonensis amastigotes in cultured hamster peritoneal macrophages. The drug conjugate was nearly 100 times as effective as free methotrexate in eliminating the intracellular parasites. Furthermore, in a model of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in hamsters, the drug conjugate brought about more than 90% reduction in the size of footpad lesions within 11 days. In contrast, the free drug at a similar concentration did not significantly affect lesion size. These studies demonstrate the potential of receptor-mediated drug delivery in the therapy of macrophage-associated diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mukhopadhyay, A -- Chaudhuri, G -- Arora, S K -- Sehgal, S -- Basu, S K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):705-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2717947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Albumins/*administration & dosage/metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Female ; Kinetics ; Leishmania mexicana/*drug effects ; Leishmaniasis/*drug therapy ; Macrophages/metabolism/*parasitology ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mesocricetus ; Methotrexate/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; *Receptors, Lipoprotein ; Receptors, Scavenger ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B ; Serum Albumin, Bovine
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    Recombinant gene expression in vivo within endothelial cells of the arterial wall (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-06-16
    Description: A technique for the transfer of endothelial cells and expression of recombinant genes in vivo could allow the introduction of proteins of therapeutic value in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Porcine endothelial cells expressing recombinant beta-galactosidase from a murine amphotropic retroviral vector were introduced with a catheter into denuded iliofemoral arteries of syngeneic animals. Arterial segments explanted 2 to 4 weeks later contained endothelial cells expressing beta-galactosidase, an indication that they were successfully implanted on the vessel wall.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nabel, E G -- Plautz, G -- Boyce, F M -- Stanley, J C -- Nabel, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 16;244(4910):1342-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0650.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2499928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catheterization, Peripheral ; DNA, Recombinant ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/enzymology/transplantation ; Female ; Galactosidases/*biosynthesis ; Genetic Vectors ; Iliac Artery/cytology ; Retroviridae ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; beta-Galactosidase/*biosynthesis
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    Angiotensin II: does it have a direct obligate role in ovulation? (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naftolin, F -- Andrade-Gordon, P -- Pellicer, A -- Palumbo, A -- Apa, R -- Zreik, T -- Yoon, T K -- DeCherney, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 25;245(4920):870-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510-8063.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2772639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II/pharmacology ; Angiotensin II/*physiology ; Animals ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; Female ; Gonadotropins, Equine/pharmacology ; *Ovulation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Angiotensin/analysis ; Receptors, LH/analysis ; Saralasin/pharmacology
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    Molecular genetics of human blue cone monochromacy (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-08-25
    Description: Blue cone monochromacy is a rare X-linked disorder of color vision characterized by the absence of both red and green cone sensitivities. In 12 of 12 families carrying this trait, alterations are observed in the red and green visual pigment gene cluster. The alterations fall into two classes. One class arose from the wild type by a two-step pathway consisting of unequal homologous recombination and point mutation. The second class arose by nonhomologous deletion of genomic DNA adjacent to the red and green pigment gene cluster. These deletions define a 579-base pair region that is located 4 kilobases upstream of the red pigment gene and 43 kilobases upstream of the nearest green pigment gene; this 579-base pair region is essential for the activity of both pigment genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathans, J -- Davenport, C M -- Maumenee, I H -- Lewis, R A -- Hejtmancik, J F -- Litt, M -- Lovrien, E -- Weleber, R -- Bachynski, B -- Zwas, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 25;245(4920):831-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Wilmer Ophthalmologic Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2788922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Color Vision Defects/*genetics ; DNA/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Retinal Pigments/genetics ; Thalassemia/genetics ; X Chromosome
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    Estrogen use linked to breast cancer (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 11;245(4918):593.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2762811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Drug Interactions ; Estrogens/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Progestins/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; Sweden ; United States
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    Protection of dentate hilar cells from prolonged stimulation by intracellular calcium chelation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-10-13
    Description: Prolonged afferent stimulation of the rat dentate gyrus in vivo leads to degeneration only of those cells that lack immunoreactivity for the calcium binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin. In order to test the hypothesis that calcium binding proteins protect against the effects of prolonged stimulation, intracellular recordings were made in hippocampal slices from cells that lack immunoreactivity for calcium binding proteins. Calcium binding protein-negative cells showed electrophysiological signs of deterioration during prolonged stimulation; cells containing calcium binding protein did not. When neurons without calcium binding proteins were impaled with microelectrodes containing the calcium chelator BAPTA, and BAPTA was allowed to diffuse into the cells, these cells showed no deterioration. These results indicate that, in a complex tissue of the central nervous system, an activity-induced increase in intracellular calcium can trigger processes leading to cell deterioration, and that increasing the calcium binding capacity of a cell decreases its vulnerability to damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scharfman, H E -- Schwartzkroin, P A -- NS-01744/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-15317/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-18895/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 13;246(4927):257-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2508225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Egtazic Acid/pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Hippocampus/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Human diabetes associated with a deletion of the tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-07-07
    Description: The insulin receptor has an intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity that is essential for signal transduction. A mutant insulin receptor gene lacking almost the entire kinase domain has been identified in an individual with type A insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. Insulin binding to the erythrocytes or cultured fibroblasts from this individual was normal. However receptor autophosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity toward an exogenous substrate were reduced in partially purified insulin receptors from the proband's lymphocytes that had been transformed by Epstein-Barr virus. The insulin resistance associated with this mutated gene was inherited by the proband from her mother as an apparently autosomal dominant trait. Thus a deletion in one allele of the insulin receptor gene may be at least partly responsible for some instances of insulin-resistant diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taira, M -- Hashimoto, N -- Shimada, F -- Suzuki, Y -- Kanatsuka, A -- Nakamura, F -- Ebina, Y -- Tatibana, M -- Makino, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 7;245(4913):63-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Second Department of Internal Medicine, Chiba University School of Medicine, Inohana, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2544997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; *Chromosome Deletion ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/enzymology/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*genetics ; Receptor, Insulin/*genetics ; Restriction Mapping
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    In vivo activity against HIV and favorable toxicity profile of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-07-28
    Description: The purine analog 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), which has anti-retroviral activity in vitro was administered for up to 42 weeks to 26 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or severe AIDS-related complex (ARC). Ten of these individuals were AZT-intolerant. Eight dose regimens were studied. The drug was orally bioavailable and penetrated into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Comparatively little evidence of an effect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was seen at the lowest four doses. However, patients in the four highest dose groups (ddI at 1.6 milligrams per kilogram intravenously and then greater than or equal to 3.2 milligrams per kilogram orally at least every 12 hours or higher) had increases in their circulating CD4+ T cells (P less than 0.0005), increased CD4/CD8 T cell ratios (P less than 0.01), and, where evaluable, more than an 80% decrease in serum HIV p24 antigen (P less than 0.05). The patients also had evidence of improved immunologic function, had reduced viremic symptomatology, and gained a mean of 1.6 kilogram with these comparatively infrequent dosing schedules (every 8 or 12 hours). The most notable adverse effects directly attributable to ddI administration at the doses used in this study included increases in serum uric acid (due to hypoxanthine release) and mild headaches and insomnia. These results suggest that serious short-term toxicity at therapeutic doses is not an inherent feature in the profile of agents with clinical anti-HIV activity. Further controlled studies to define the safety and efficacy of this agent may be worth considering.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yarchoan, R -- Mitsuya, H -- Thomas, R V -- Pluda, J M -- Hartman, N R -- Perno, C F -- Marczyk, K S -- Allain, J P -- Johns, D G -- Broder, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 28;245(4916):412-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Clinical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2502840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS-Related Complex/*drug therapy/immunology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/immunology ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents/adverse effects/cerebrospinal fluid/pharmacology/*therapeutic ; use ; Biological Availability ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Didanosine ; Dideoxynucleosides/adverse effects/cerebrospinal fluid/pharmacology/*therapeutic ; use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; HIV/*drug effects ; HIV Antigens/analysis ; HIV Core Protein p24 ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Immunity, Cellular ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Structure ; Retroviridae Proteins/analysis ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-12
    Description: Carcinoma of the breast and ovary account for one-third of all cancers occurring in women and together are responsible for approximately one-quarter of cancer-related deaths in females. The HER-2/neu proto-oncogene is amplified in 25 to 30 percent of human primary breast cancers and this alteration is associated with disease behavior. In this report, several similarities were found in the biology of HER-2/neu in breast and ovarian cancer, including a similar incidence of amplification, a direct correlation between amplification and over-expression, evidence of tumors in which overexpression occurs without amplification, and the association between gene alteration and clinical outcome. A comprehensive study of the gene and its products (RNA and protein) was simultaneously performed on a large number of both tumor types. This analysis identified several potential shortcomings of the various methods used to evaluate HER-2/neu in these diseases (Southern, Northern, and Western blots, and immunohistochemistry) and provided information regarding considerations that should be addressed when studying a gene or gene product in human tissue. The data presented further support the concept that the HER-2/neu gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of some human cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slamon, D J -- Godolphin, W -- Jones, L A -- Holt, J A -- Wong, S G -- Keith, D E -- Levin, W J -- Stuart, S G -- Udove, J -- Ullrich, A -- CA 36827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 48780/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):707-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, U.C.L.A. School of Medicine 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2470152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/analysis ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics ; Prognosis ; Protein Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA/analysis ; Receptor, ErbB-2
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    Availability of metabolic fuels controls estrous cyclicity of Syrian hamsters (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-16
    Description: Food deprivation and weight loss inhibit ovulation and estrous behavior in Syrian hamsters. In the present experiments, lean hamsters were more susceptible to starvation-induced anestrus than fat hamsters. However, anestrus was not caused by changes in any dimension of body size per se, but instead by the availability of metabolic fuels. Simultaneous pharmacological blockade of both fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis inhibited reproduction, but, as long as one of these metabolic pathways could be used, estrous cycles continued. Thus, reproduction in female Syrian hamsters is sensitive to the general availability of oxidizable metabolic fuels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schneider, J E -- Wade, G N -- AM 32976-06/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- MH 00321-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 10873-17/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 16;244(4910):1326-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2734610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimetabolites/pharmacology ; Body Weight ; Cricetinae ; Deoxyglucose/pharmacology ; Epoxy Compounds/pharmacology ; Estrus/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Food Deprivation/*physiology ; Mesocricetus ; Periodicity ; Propionates/pharmacology
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    Cetaceans (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-30
    Description: Cetaceans display numerous anatomic and physiologic adaptations to life in a dense, three-dimensional medium. Their bodies have changed radically from those of their terrestrial ancestors, yet their behaviors and types of social organization are broadly similar to those of animals on land. An exploration of cetacean ways helps in understanding how habitat influences habits. For example, it is now recognized that in some important ways, cetacean residents of the open ocean resemble some of their mammalian relatives on the savanna. As air breathers that are inseparably tied to the surface, cetaceans are highly trackable; they may thus help in the monitoring of habitat degradation and other long-term ecologic change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wursig, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 30;244(4912):1550-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University 95039-0450.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2662403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Cetacea/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Social Behavior ; Sound ; Vocalization, Animal
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    Block of stretch-activated ion channels in Xenopus oocytes by gadolinium and calcium ions (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-24
    Description: Gadolinium ions produce three distinct kinds of block of the stretch-activated (SA) ion channels in Xenopus oocytes: a concentration-dependent reduction in channel open time, a concentration-dependent reduction in open channel current, and a unique, steeply concentration-dependent, reversible inhibition of channel opening. This last effect reduces the probability of a channel being open from about 10(-1) at 5 microM to less than 10(-5) at 10 microM gadolinium. Calcium has effects on open time and current similar to that of gadolinium, but this channel is permeable to calcium and calcium does not completely inhibit channel activity. The availability of a blocker for SA ion channels may help to define their physiological function, and will simplify the use of oocytes as an expression system for ion channels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, X C -- Sachs, F -- DK-37792/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 24;243(4894 Pt 1):1068-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State University of New York, Buffalo 14214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2466333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Cations ; Electric Conductivity ; Female ; Gadolinium/*pharmacology ; Ion Channels/drug effects/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Xenopus
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    Britain's Lords debate embryo research (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cherfas, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1554-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2595366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Beginning of Human Life ; *Embryo Research ; *Embryo, Mammalian ; Female ; *Fertilization in Vitro ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; *Government Regulation ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Life ; *Politics ; Pregnancy ; *Research
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    Abortion: litmus test for NIH director (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culliton, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 6;246(4926):27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2781300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Legal ; *Ethics ; *Ethics, Institutional ; Female ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Politics ; Pregnancy ; United States
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    The bitter pill (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-07-28
    Description: Fundamentally new approaches to birth control--for example, a male pill, a once-a-month menses inducer, and an antifertility vaccine--cannot be realized before the next century, and then only if the virtual withdrawal of the pharmaceutical industry from this field can be reversed. Major changes in product liability would be the most significant incentive.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Djerassi, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 28;245(4916):356-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2667135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Contraception/*methods/trends ; Contraceptive Agents, Female/*adverse effects ; Drug Industry ; Family Planning Services/*trends ; Female ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; United States
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    AIDS panel urges new focus (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Byrne, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):887.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2919280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control/transmission ; Adolescent ; Female ; *Government Agencies ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Education ; United States
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    Macrophage inflammatory protein-1: a prostaglandin-independent endogenous pyrogen (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-24
    Description: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1) produced a monophasic fever of rapid onset whose magnitude was equal to or greater than that of fevers produced with either recombinant human cachectin (or tumor necrosis factor) or recombinant human interleukin-1. However, in contrast to these two endogenous pyrogens, the fever induced by MIP-1 was not inhibited by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen. Thus, MIP-1 may participate in the febrile response that is not mediated through prostaglandin synthesis and clinically cannot be ablated by cyclooxygenase inhibitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davatelis, G -- Wolpe, S D -- Sherry, B -- Dayer, J M -- Chicheportiche, R -- Cerami, A -- AI121359/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 24;243(4894 Pt 1):1066-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2646711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chemotactic Factors/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Dinoprostone/physiology ; Female ; Fever/*chemically induced ; Heparin/metabolism ; Humans ; Ibuprofen/pharmacology ; Interleukin-1/physiology ; Interleukin-8 ; Neutrophils/physiology ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
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    The perception of intention (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-01-20
    Description: Classical work on the perception of causality in humans is extended to the perception of intention. Two experiments explored the sensitivity of preschool children to intentional events that can be stated in terms of time and distance only. In habituation-dishabituation of attention tests, preschool children differentiated between intentional movement patterns of two balls and the nonintentional control events where the movements were desynchronized. Also, reversal of the roles of the balls produced more recovery of attention in the intentional case than it did in the nonintentional case.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dasser, V -- Ulbaek, I -- Premack, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):365-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2911746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Perception/*physiology
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    Cloning and expression of a Xenopus embryonic gap junction protein (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-03
    Description: Gap junctions in the early amphibian embryo may play a fundamental role in the regulation of differentiation by mediating the cell-to-cell transfer of chemical signals. A complementary DNA encoding a gap junction present in Xenopus oocytes and early embryos has now been cloned and sequenced. This protein sequence is homologous to the well-characterized gap junction structural proteins rat connexin32 and connexin43. RNA blot analysis of total Xenopus oocyte RNA showed hybridization to a single 1.6-kilobase band. This messenger RNA is abundant in oocytes, decreases to levels below the sensitivity of our assay by stage 15 (18 hours), and is not detectable in RNA from a number of adult organs. To confirm that the oocyte cDNA encodes a gap junction channel, the protein was over expressed in Xenopus oocytes by injection of RNA synthesized in vitro. Pairs of RNA-injected oocytes formed many more time- and voltage-sensitive cell-cell channels than water-injected pairs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebihara, L -- Beyer, E C -- Swenson, K I -- Paul, D L -- Goodenough, D A -- GM18974/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM37751/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL28958-06/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 3;243(4895):1194-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2466337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Communication ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Connexins ; DNA Probes ; Electric Conductivity ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Intercellular Junctions/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oocytes/analysis/physiology ; RNA/analysis ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Rats ; Tissue Distribution ; Xenopus/*embryology
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    Physical mapping of a translocation breakpoint in neurofibromatosis (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-02
    Description: The gene for von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF1), one of the most common autosomal-dominant disorders of humans, was recently mapped to chromosome 17 by linkage analysis. The identification of two NF1 patients with balanced translocations that involved chromosome 17q11.2 suggests that the disease can arise by gross rearrangement of the NF1 locus, and that the NF1 gene might be identified by cloning the region around these translocation breakpoints. To further define the region of these translocations, a series of chromosome 17 Not I-linking clones has been mapped to proximal 17q and studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. One clone, 17L1 (D17S133), clearly identifies the breakpoint in an NF1 patient with a t(1;17) translocation. A 2.3-megabase pulsed-field map of this region was constructed and indicates that the NF1 breakpoint is only 10 to 240 kilobases away from 17L1. This finding prepares the way for the cloning of NF1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fountain, J W -- Wallace, M R -- Bruce, M A -- Seizinger, B R -- Menon, A G -- Gusella, J F -- Michels, V V -- Schmidt, M A -- Dewald, G W -- Collins, F S -- NS22224/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS23410/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS23427/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 2;244(4908):1085-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2543076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Electrophoresis ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Male ; Neurofibromatosis 1/*genetics ; *Translocation, Genetic
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    Production of mammastatin, a tissue-specific growth inhibitor, by normal human mammary cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-30
    Description: The growth of human mammary cells may be regulated by a balance between growth stimulatory and growth inhibitory pathways. Polypeptides of 47 and 65 kilodaltons (mammastatin) were isolated from conditioned medium of normal human mammary cells. Monoclonal antibodies against mammastatin were generated that blocked its activity and were used for purification and further characterization of the protein. Mammastatin inhibited the growth of 5 transformed human mammary cell lines, but had no effect on the growth of 11 transformed human cell lines derived from nonmammary tissues. Mammastatin appeared to be a heat-labile protein distinct from transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). By immunoperoxidase staining it was detected in cultured normal human mammary cells, but was decreased in transformed mammary cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ervin, P R Jr -- Kaminski, M S -- Cody, R L -- Wicha, M S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 30;244(4912):1585-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Cancer Center, Ann Arbor 48109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2662405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Breast/analysis/cytology/*metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Division ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Chromatography ; Chromatography, Gel ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Female ; Growth Inhibitors/*biosynthesis/isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Molecular Weight ; *Peptide Biosynthesis ; Peptides/isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Trypsin/pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    The involvement of platelet activating factor in ovulation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-20
    Description: Follicle rupture during ovulation is associated with inflammation-like changes. Because platelet activating factor (PAF) participates in the inflammatory process, the effect of a PAF-specific antagonist, BN52021, on the ovulatory response was tested in rats. BN52021, administered locally, inhibited follicle rupture in rats stimulated to ovulate with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In addition to suppressing rupture of the follicles, this antagonist suppressed the hCG-stimulated increase in ovarian collagenolysis and vascular permeability. The inhibition of ovulation of BN52021 could be reversed by simultaneous administration of PAF. Furthermore, PAF partially reversed the blockage of ovulation by inhibitors of eicosanoid synthesis. Collectively, these results suggest the involvement of PAF in ovulation. Its role seems to be closely related to the metabolism of arachidonic acid. Thus, modulation of PAF action may serve as an additional target for regulation of reproduction via its action on ovulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abisogun, A O -- Braquet, P -- Tsafriri, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):381-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Hormone Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2911750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Capillary Permeability/drug effects ; Collagen/metabolism ; *Diterpenes ; Female ; Ginkgolides ; Lactones/pharmacology ; Ovary/blood supply ; *Ovulation ; Platelet Activating Factor/*physiology ; Rats
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    "Fragile X" syndrome and its puzzling genetics (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 13;243(4888):171-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2911731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/diagnosis/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations/*genetics ; X Chromosome/ultrastructure
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    Synthesis of functional human hemoglobin in transgenic mice (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-01
    Description: Human alpha- and beta-globin genes were separately fused downstream of two erythroid-specific deoxyribonuclease (DNase) I super-hypersensitive sites that are normally located 50 kilobases upstream of the human beta-globin gene. These two constructs were coinjected into fertilized mouse eggs, and expression was analyzed in transgenic animals that developed. Mice that had intact copies of the transgenes expressed high levels of correctly initiated human alpha- and beta-globin messenger RNA specifically in erythroid tissue. An authentic human hemoglobin was formed in adult erythrocytes that when purified had an oxygen equilibrium curve identical to the curve of native human hemoglobin A (Hb A). Thus, functional human hemoglobin can be synthesized in transgenic mice. This provides a foundation for production of mouse models of human hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Behringer, R R -- Ryan, T M -- Reilly, M P -- Asakura, T -- Palmiter, R D -- Brinster, R L -- Townes, T M -- HD-09172/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL-35559/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-38632/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 1;245(4921):971-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2772649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Deoxyribonuclease I ; Female ; *Genes ; Globins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Hemoglobins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Oxyhemoglobins/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Contragestion and other clinical applications of RU 486, an antiprogesterone at the receptor (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-22
    Description: RU 486, a steroid with high affinity for the progesterone receptor, is the first available active antiprogesterone. It has been used successfully as a medical alternative for early pregnancy interruption, and it also has other potential applications in medicine and for biochemical and pathophysiological endocrine research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baulieu, E E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 22;245(4924):1351-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM U 33 (Communications hormonales), Faculte de Medicine, Universite Paris-Sud, Bicetre, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2781282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortifacient Agents/*therapeutic use ; Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Embryo Implantation/drug effects ; Estrenes/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Glucocorticoids/antagonists & inhibitors ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/secretion ; Mifepristone ; Pregnancy/drug effects ; Progesterone/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/drug effects ; Receptors, Progesterone/*drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    AIDS: an international perspective (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-05
    Description: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) constitute a worldwide public health problem. Whereas in Europe and in most of the Americas transmission of HIV-1 has occurred predominantly among homosexual men and intravenous drug abusers, in Africa a distinct epidemiologic pattern has emerged that indicates that HIV-1 infection is mainly heterosexually acquired. Heterosexual transmission appears to be increasing in some parts of Latin America and the Caribbean, and possibly in the United States. In addition to HIV-1, at least one other human retrovirus, namely HIV-2, has been implicated as a cause of AIDS in Africa and Europe. Factors that influence heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 include genital ulcerations, early or late stages of HIV-1 infection in the index case, and possibly oral contraception and immune activation. The rate of perinatal transmission is enhanced when the mother's illness is more advanced. AIDS and HIV-1 infection may have a significant impact not only on public health, but also on the demography and socioeconomic conditions of some developing countries. Programs for the prevention and control of AIDS should be an immediate priority in all countries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piot, P -- Plummer, F A -- Mhalu, F S -- Lamboray, J L -- Chin, J -- Mann, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 5;239(4840):573-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3277271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/*transmission ; Female ; HIV/classification/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Sexual Behavior
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    Immunotherapy of the nonobese diabetic mouse: treatment with an antibody to T-helper lymphocytes (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Spontaneous diabetes mellitus was blocked in nonobese diabetic mice by treatment with a monoclonal antibody against the L3T4 determinant present on the surface of T-helper lymphocytes. Sustained treatment with the monoclonal antibody led to cessation of the lymphocytic infiltration associated with the destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells. Moreover, the mice remained normoglycemic after the antibody therapy was stopped. These studies indicate that immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies to the lymphocyte subset may not only halt the progression of diabetes, but may lead to long-term reversal of the disease after therapy has ended.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shizuru, J A -- Taylor-Edwards, C -- Banks, B A -- Gregory, A K -- Fathman, C G -- AI11313/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK39959/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):659-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305-5111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2966437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*therapeutic use ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Cyclosporins/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology/*therapy ; Female ; *Immunotherapy ; Islets of Langerhans/pathology ; Lymphocytes/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology/pathology
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    Longevity and gender (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLaren, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 22;241(4864):399-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3393905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Male ; Sex Factors
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    Breast cancer study vetoed (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):252.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3276002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*etiology/prevention & control ; Clinical Trials as Topic/economics ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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    Breast cancer-associated pS2 protein: synthesis and secretion by normal stomach mucosa (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-05
    Description: The human pS2 gene is specifically expressed under estrogen transcriptional control in a subclass of estrogen receptor-containing human breast cancer cells. The pS2 gene encodes an 84-amino acid protein that is secreted after signal peptide cleavage. The distribution of pS2 protein in normal human tissues was studied with antibodies to pS2; pS2 was specifically expressed and secreted by mucosa cells of the normal stomach antrum and body of both female and male individuals. Moreover, no estrogen receptor could be detected in these cells, indicating that pS2 gene expression is estrogen-independent in the stomach. The function of the pS2 protein in the gastrointestinal tract is unknown. However, the pS2 protein is similar in sequence to a porcine pancreatic protein that has been shown to inhibit gastrointestinal motility and gastric secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rio, M C -- Bellocq, J P -- Daniel, J Y -- Tomasetto, C -- Lathe, R -- Chenard, M P -- Batzenschlager, A -- Chambon, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 5;241(4866):705-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS et U. 184 de l'INSERM, Institut de Chimie Biologique, Faculte de Medecine, Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3041593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Exons ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/secretion ; *Proteins ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Tissue Distribution ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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    Structural rearrangement of the retinoblastoma gene in human breast carcinoma (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-10-14
    Description: Structural changes of the human retinoblastoma gene have been demonstrated previously in retinoblastoma and some clinically related tumors including osteosarcoma. Structural aberrations of the retinoblastoma locus (RB1) were observed in 25% of breast tumor cell lines studied and 7% of the primary tumors. These changes include homozygous internal deletions and total deletion of RB1; a duplication of an exon was observed in one of the cell lines. In all cases, structural changes either resulted in the absence or truncation of the RB1 transcript. No obvious defect in RB1 was detected by DNA blot analysis in primary tumors or cell lines from Wilms' tumor, cervical carcinoma, or hepatoma. These results further support the concept that the human RB1 gene has pleiotropic effects on specific types of cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉T'Ang, A -- Varley, J M -- Chakraborty, S -- Murphree, A L -- Fung, Y K -- CA44754/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 14;242(4876):263-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology/Oncology, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles, CA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Probes ; Exons ; Eye Neoplasms/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Rearrangement ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Menopause ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Retinoblastoma/*genetics ; Risk Factors ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Congenital poisoning by polychlorinated biphenyls and their contaminants in Taiwan (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-15
    Description: In 1979, a mass poisoning occurred in Taiwan from cooking oil contaminated by thermally degraded polychlorinated biphenyls. Because these chemicals persist in human tissue, children born to female patients after the outbreak were exposed in utero. In 1985, 117 children born to affected women and 108 unexposed controls were examined and evaluated. The exposed children were shorter and lighter than controls; they had abnormalities of gingiva, skin, nails, teeth, and lungs more frequently than did controls. The exposed children showed delay of developmental milestones, deficits on formal developmental testing, and abnormalities on behavioral assessment. These findings are most consistent with a generalized disorder of ectodermal tissue. This syndrome is one of very few documented to result from transplacental exposure to pollutant chemicals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogan, W J -- Gladen, B C -- Hung, K L -- Koong, S L -- Shih, L Y -- Taylor, J S -- Wu, Y C -- Yang, D -- Ragan, N B -- Hsu, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 15;241(4863):334-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3133768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conjunctivitis/chemically induced/congenital ; Female ; Growth Disorders/chemically induced ; Humans ; Lactation ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Nails, Malformed ; Oils/*adverse effects ; Pigmentation Disorders/chemically induced/congenital ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*poisoning ; Pregnancy ; Taiwan
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    Nuclear factors in B lymphoma enhance splicing of mouse membrane-bound mu mRNA in Xenopus oocytes (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-29
    Description: Regulation of the synthesis of membrane-bound and secreted immunoglobulin mu heavy chains at the level of RNA processing is an important element for B cell development. The precursor mu RNA is either polyadenylated at the upstream poly(A) site (for the secreted form) or spliced (for the membrane-bound form) in a mutually exclusive manner. When the mouse mu gene linked to the SV40/HSV-TK hybrid promoter was microinjected into Xenopus oocytes, the mu messenger RNA (mRNA) was altered by coinjection of nuclei of mouse surface IgM-bearing B-lymphoma cells to include the synthesis of the membrane-bound form. An increase in the membrane-bound form was not observed when nuclei of IgM-secreting hybridoma cells or fibroblast cells were coinjected. Deletion of the upstream poly(A) site did not eliminate the effect of B-lymphoma nuclei suggesting that membrane-specific splicing is stimulated. Further, splicing of other mu gene introns was not affected by coinjection of B-lymphoma nuclei. These results suggest that mature B cells contain one or more transacting nuclear factors that stimulate splicing specific for membrane-bound mu mRNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsurushita, N -- Ho, L -- Korn, L J -- AI21298/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):494-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3124268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/ultrastructure ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*physiology ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Hybridomas/ultrastructure ; Immunoglobulin M/genetics ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Introns ; Lymphoma/*immunology/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Microinjections ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Xenopus
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    Molecular cloning of two types of GAP complementary DNA from human placenta (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-23
    Description: The ras p21 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) was purified from human placental tissue. Internal amino acid sequence was obtained from this 120,000-dalton protein and, by means of this sequence, two types of complementary DNA clones were isolated and characterized. One type encoded GAP with a predicted molecular mass of 116,000 daltons and 96% identity with bovine GAP. The messenger RNA of this GAP was detected in human lung, brain, liver, leukocytes, and placenta. The second type appeared to be generated by a differential splicing mechanism and encoded a novel form of GAP with a predicted molecular mass of 100,400 daltons. This protein lacks the hydrophobic amino terminus characteristic of the larger species, but retains GAP activity. The messenger RNA of this type was abundantly expressed in placenta and in several human cell lines, but not in adult tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trahey, M -- Wong, G -- Halenbeck, R -- Rubinfeld, B -- Martin, G A -- Ladner, M -- Long, C M -- Crosier, W J -- Watt, K -- Koths, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 23;242(4886):1697-700.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Cetus Corp., Emeryville, CA 94608.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Brain Chemistry ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Female ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Leukocytes/analysis ; Liver/analysis ; Lung/analysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Placenta/*analysis ; Pregnancy ; Proteins/*genetics/isolation & purification ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
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    Tandem array of human visual pigment genes at Xq28 (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: Unequal crossing-over within a head-to-tail tandem array of the homologous red and green visual pigment genes has been proposed to explain the observed variation in green-pigment gene number among individuals and the prevalence of red-green fusion genes among color-blind subjects. This model was tested by probing the structure of the red and green pigment loci with long-range physical mapping techniques. The loci were found to constitute a gene array with an approximately 39-kilobase repeat length. The position of the red pigment gene at the 5' edge of the array explains its lack of variation in copy number. Restriction maps of the array in four individuals who differ in gene number are consistent with a head-to-tail configuration of the genes. These results provide physical evidence in support of the model and help to explain the high incidence of color blindness in the human population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vollrath, D -- Nathans, J -- Davis, R W -- GM21891/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1669-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2837827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Color Vision Defects/*genetics ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retinal Pigments/*genetics ; *X Chromosome
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    Functional expression of a new pharmacological subtype of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-15
    Description: A new type of agonist-binding subunit of rat neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) was identified. Rat genomic DNA and complementary DNA encoding this subunit (alpha 2) were cloned and analyzed. Complementary DNA expression studies in Xenopus oocytes revealed that the injection of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for alpha 2 and beta 2 (a neuronal nAChR subunit) led to the generation of a functional nAChR. In contrast to the other known neuronal nAChRs, the receptor produced by the injection of alpha 2 and beta 2 mRNAs was resistant to the alpha-neurotoxin Bgt3.1. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that alpha 2 mRNA was expressed in a small number of regions, in contrast to the wide distribution of the other known agonist-binding subunits (alpha 3 and alpha 4) mRNAs. These results demonstrate that the alpha 2 subunit differs from other known agonist-binding alpha-subunits of nAChRs in its distribution in the brain and in its pharmacology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wada, K -- Ballivet, M -- Boulter, J -- Connolly, J -- Wada, E -- Deneris, E S -- Swanson, L W -- Heinemann, S -- Patrick, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 15;240(4850):330-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2832952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*metabolism ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Female ; *Genes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nucleotide Mapping ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus laevis
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    Aggregation of lysine-containing zeins into protein bodies in Xenopus oocytes (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Zeins, the storage proteins of maize, are totally lacking in the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan. Lysine codons and lysine- and tryptophan-encoding oligonucleotides were introduced at several positions into a 19-kilodalton zein complementary DNA by oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis. A 450-base pair open reading frame from a simian virus 40 (SV40) coat protein was also engineered into the zein coding region. Messenger RNAs for the modified zeins were synthesized in vitro with an SP6 RNA polymerase system and injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. The modifications did not affect the translation, signal peptide cleavage, or stability of the zeins. The ability of the modified zeins to assemble into structures similar to maize protein bodies was assayed by two criteria: assembly into membrane-bound vesicles resistant to exogenously added protease, and ability to self-aggregate into dense structures. All of the modified zeins were membrane-bound; only the one containing a 17-kilodalton SV40 protein fragment was unable to aggregate. These findings suggest that it may be possible to create high-lysine corn by genetic engineering.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, J C -- Galili, G -- Kawata, E E -- Cuellar, R E -- Shotwell, M A -- Larkins, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):662-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2834822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Genetic Engineering ; *Lysine/genetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Simian virus 40/genetics ; Xenopus laevis ; Zea mays ; Zein/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mitochondrial DNA mutation associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-09
    Description: Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy is a maternally inherited disease resulting in optic nerve degeneration and cardiac dysrhythmia. A mitochondrial DNA replacement mutation was identified that correlated with this disease in multiple families. This mutation converted a highly conserved arginine to a histidine at codon 340 in the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 gene and eliminated an Sfa NI site, thus providing a simple diagnostic test. This finding demonstrated that a nucleotide change in a mitochondrial DNA energy production gene can result in a neurological disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, D C -- Singh, G -- Lott, M T -- Hodge, J A -- Schurr, T G -- Lezza, A M -- Elsas, L J 2nd -- Nikoskelainen, E K -- NS21328/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 9;242(4884):1427-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201231" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Continental Ancestry Group ; Animals ; Arginine ; Cytochrome Reductases/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; *Genes ; Georgia ; Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy/*genetics ; Histidine ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Male ; *Mutation ; NADH Dehydrogenase/*genetics ; Optic Atrophies, Hereditary/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Reference Values
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    Seroprevalence and epidemiological correlates of HTLV-I infection in U.S. blood donors (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Screening for human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibodies was performed on sera from 39,898 blood donors at eight blood centers in geographically distinct areas of the United States. Ten donors (0.025 percent) showed evidence of HTLV-I seropositivity by enzyme immunoassays; this was confirmed by protein immunoblot and radioimmunoprecipitation. Seroprevalence rates ranged from 0 to 0.10 percent at the locations sampled, with HTLV-I antibodies found predominantly in donors from the southeastern and southwestern United States. Matched case-control interviews and laboratory studies were performed on five seropositive women and two seropositive men who participated in an identity-linked collection of sera from a subset of 33,893 donors at six of the eight blood centers. Four of the women and both men are black; one woman is Caucasian. Four of the seven seropositive individuals admitted to prior intravenous drug abuse or sexual contact with an intravenous drug user. Sexual contact with native inhabitants of an HTLV-I endemic area was the only identified risk factor for one male. The distribution of HTLV-I antibodies in this U.S. blood donor sample corroborates the previously reported epidemiology of this agent and suggests that additional donor screening measures, including the testing of donated blood for HTLV-I markers, may be necessary to prevent the spread of HTLV-I to transfusion recipients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, A E -- Fang, C T -- Slamon, D J -- Poiesz, B J -- Sandler, S G -- Darr, W F 2nd -- Shulman, G -- McGowan, E I -- Douglas, D K -- Bowman, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):643-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉American Red Cross Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD 20855.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2896386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; *Blood Donors ; Deltaretrovirus/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Deltaretrovirus Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/transmission ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Japan ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Partners ; Substance-Related Disorders ; United States
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    Familial imprinting determines H-2 selective mating preferences (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-03
    Description: Inbred male mice typically prefer to mate with females of a different, non-self H-2 haplotype. To determine whether this natural preference is irrevocable or results from familial imprinting, a test system was used which relied on previous observations that B6 males (H-2b) mate preferentially with congenic B6-H-2k rather than B6 females, and B6-H-2k males with B6 females. This preference was reversed in B6 males fostered by B6-H-2k parents and in B6-H-2k males fostered by B6 parents, preference in these cases favoring the same H-2 type. Thus, H-2 selective mating preference is acquired by imprinting on familial H-2 types.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamazaki, K -- Beauchamp, G K -- Kupniewski, D -- Bard, J -- Thomas, L -- Boyse, E A -- CA-39827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GMCA-32096/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS-22623/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 3;240(4857):1331-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3375818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; H-2 Antigens/*genetics ; *Imprinting (Psychology) ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Odors ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Smell/physiology
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    Insulin-resistant diabetes due to a point mutation that prevents insulin proreceptor processing (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-05-06
    Description: A point mutation in the human insulin receptor gene in a patient with type A insulin resistance alters the amino acid sequence within the tetrabasic processing site of the proreceptor molecule from Arg-Lys-Arg-Arg to Arg-Lys-Arg-Ser. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes from this patient synthesize an insulin receptor precursor that is normally glycosylated and inserted into the plasma membrane but is not cleaved to mature alpha and beta subunits. Insulin binding to these cells is severely reduced but can be increased about fivefold by gentle treatment with trypsin, accompanied by the appearance of normal alpha subunits. These results indicate that proteolysis of the proreceptor is necessary for its normal full insulin-binding sensitivity and signal-transducing activity and that a cellular protease that is more stringent in its specificity than trypsin is required to process the receptor precursor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshimasa, Y -- Seino, S -- Whittaker, J -- Kakehi, T -- Kosaki, A -- Kuzuya, H -- Imura, H -- Bell, G I -- Steiner, D F -- AM 13914/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 20595/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 6;240(4853):784-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3283938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance/*genetics ; Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Protein Precursors/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/*genetics/metabolism ; Trypsin/metabolism
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    The drug of champions (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-10-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 14;242(4876):183-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anabolic Agents/adverse effects ; *Doping in Sports/legislation & jurisprudence ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Stanozolol ; Substance-Related Disorders/*economics
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    A parent's sex may affect gene expression (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 22;239(4838):352-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA/metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Sex Characteristics ; Tissue Distribution
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    Sexual responses are--almost--all in the brain (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 19;241(4868):903-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3043664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Menopause/*physiology ; Mice ; Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones/*biosynthesis ; Puberty/*physiology ; Rats ; Sexual Maturation
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    Prevention of type I diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by virus infection (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1988-01-29
    Description: The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is an animal model of type I diabetes and develops a characteristic autoimmune lesion in the islets of Langerhans with lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of pancreatic beta cells. The result is hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and death. Diabetes usually begins by the sixth month of age but can occur earlier when young NOD mice are infused with lymphocytes from older NOD donors. When newborn or adult NOD mice were infected with a lymphotropic virus they did not become diabetic. The interaction between viruses and lymphocytes is pivotal in aborting diabetes, as established by experiments in which lymphocytes from virus-infected donors failed to transfer diabetes. In contrast, lymphocytes from age- and sex-matched uninfected donors caused disease. Therefore, viruses and, presumably, their products can be developed to be beneficial and may have potential as a component for treatment of human diseases. Further, these results point to the utility of viruses as probes for dissecting the pathogenesis of a nonviral disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oldstone, M B -- AG-04342/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AI-09484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):500-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3277269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/pathology ; Bone Marrow/pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology/pathology/*prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology/pathology/*prevention & control ; Female ; Islets of Langerhans/pathology ; Lymphocyte Transfusion ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/*immunology/pathology ; Mice ; Spleen/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Anti-acne drug poses dilemma for FDA (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1988-05-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 6;240(4853):714-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2966438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abnormalities, Drug-Induced ; Acne Vulgaris/*drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Isotretinoin ; *Legislation, Drug ; Pregnancy ; Tretinoin/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Debate rages over breast cancer study (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 1;239(4835):17-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*etiology ; Dietary Fats/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Research Support as Topic
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    Diet and health in China (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1988-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 1;240(4848):27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3353707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; China ; *Diet ; Diet Surveys ; Female ; *Health ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/epidemiology
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    Expression of a calcium-mobilizing parathyroid hormone-like peptide in lactating mammary tissue (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-10-14
    Description: A survey of rat tissues by RNA analysis, aimed at uncovering the physiological function of the parathyroid hormone-like peptide (PTH-LP) associated with hypercalcemia of malignancy, revealed the presence of a 1.5-kilobase messenger RNA encoding this peptide in lactating mammary glands. PTH-LP messenger RNA is expressed in mammary tissue only during lactation; it appears and disappears rapidly (2 to 4 hours) as a function of the sucking stimulus. The identity of this messenger RNA was confirmed by cloning the rat PTH-LP complementary DNA, which predicts a peptide with strong similarity to the human homolog. Moreover, extracts from lactating mammary tissue stimulated parathyroid hormone-dependent adenylate cyclase. These findings suggest that PTH-LP plays a physiological role in lactation, possibly as a hormone for the mobilization or transfer (or both) of calcium to the milk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thiede, M A -- Rodan, G A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 14;242(4876):278-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Lactation/*metabolism ; Mammary Glands, Animal/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Tissue Distribution
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    Oral Salmonella typhimurium vaccine expressing circumsporozoite protein protects against malaria (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1988-04-15
    Description: Immunization with radiation-attenuated malaria sporozoites induces potent cellular immune responses, but the target antigens are unknown and have not previously been elicited by subunit vaccines prepared from the circumsporozoite (CS) protein. A method is described here for inducing protective cell-mediated immunity to sporozoites by immunization with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium transformed with the Plasmodium berghei CS gene. These transformants constitutively express CS antigens and, when used to immunize mice orally, colonize the liver, induce antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity, and protect mice against sporozoite challenge in the absence of antisporozoite antibodies. These data indicate that the CS protein contains T cell epitopes capable of inducing protective cell-mediated immunity, and emphasize the importance of proper antigen presentation in generating this response. Analogous, orally administered vaccines against human malaria might be feasible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sadoff, J C -- Ballou, W R -- Baron, L S -- Majarian, W R -- Brey, R N -- Hockmeyer, W T -- Young, J F -- Cryz, S J -- Ou, J -- Lowell, G H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 15;240(4850):336-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacterial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3281260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Bacterial Vaccines/*immunology ; Female ; Liver/microbiology ; Malaria/*immunology/prevention & control ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plasmids ; Plasmodium berghei/*immunology ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics/*immunology
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    Prenatal tetrodotoxin infusion blocks segregation of retinogeniculate afferents (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-10-07
    Description: In the adult mammalian visual system, ganglion cell axons from the two eyes are segregated from each other into separate layers within their principal target, the lateral geniculate nucleus. The involvement of spontaneously generated action potential activity in the process of segregation was investigated during the fetal period in which segregation normally occurs in the cat, between embryonic day 45 (E45) and birth (E65). Tetrodotoxin, which blocks the voltage-sensitive sodium channel, was used to prevent action potentials. Fetuses received continuous intracranial infusions of tetrodotoxin from osmotic minipumps implanted in utero on E42. After a 2-week infusion, intraocular injections of anterograde tracers revealed that tetrodotoxin prevented segregation. The contralateral projection filled the lateral geniculate nucleus uniformly, and the ipsilateral projection expanded to occupy most of what would normally be contralaterally innervated layer A. Thus, in the fetus, long before the onset of vision, spontaneous action potential activity is likely to be present in the visual system and to contribute to the segregation of the retinogeniculate pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shatz, C J -- Stryker, M P -- EY 02874/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 7;242(4875):87-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/drug effects/*embryology ; Animals ; Cats ; Female ; Fetus ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Optic Chiasm/drug effects/*embryology ; Pregnancy ; Reference Values ; Tetrodotoxin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Visual Pathways/drug effects/*embryology
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  • 90
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    Ovothiol replaces glutathione peroxidase as a hydrogen peroxide scavenger in sea urchin eggs (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-11-11
    Description: Despite its potential toxicity, H2O2 is used as an extracellular oxidant by Stronglylocentrotus purpuratus eggs to cross-link their fertilization envelopes. These eggs contain 5 mM 1-methyl-N alpha,N alpha-dimethyl-4-mercaptohistidine (ovothiol C), which reacts with H2O2. In consuming H2O2 and being reduced by glutathione, ovothiol acts as a glutathione peroxidase and replaces the function of the enzyme in eggs. The ovothiol system is more effective than egg catalase in destroying H2O2 at concentrations produced during fertilization and constitutes a principal mechanism for preventing oxidative damage at fertilization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turner, E -- Hager, L J -- Shapiro, B M -- GM23910/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 11;242(4880):939-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3187533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids, Sulfur/*metabolism ; Animals ; Catalase/metabolism ; Disulfides/metabolism ; Female ; Fertilization ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; *Methylhistidines ; NADP/metabolism ; Ovum/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sea Urchins
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  • 91
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    Kin selection and the evolution of monogamy (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: A two-locus genetic model is studied in which one locus controls the tendency of individuals to act altruistically toward siblings and the other locus controls the mating habits of females. It is demonstrated that genetic variation at the altruism locus is often sufficient to induce an increase in the frequency of genes that cause females to produce all of their offspring with a single mate. This occurs because of nonrandom associations that develop between genes that cause altruism and those that affect female mating behavior. The results provide a new explanation for the evolution of monogamy, and they suggest a previously unexplored mechanism for the evolution of a variety of other behavioral traits as well.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peck, J R -- Feldman, M W -- GM 10452/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 28016/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1672-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3381088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altruism ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mathematics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Sibling Relations
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  • 92
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    Fetal panel to meet (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 2;241(4870):1164.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3413481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Induced ; *Ethics, Medical ; Female ; *Fetus ; Humans ; *Legislation, Medical ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Pregnancy ; United States
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  • 93
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    Blockage of ovulation by an angiotensin antagonist (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: Angiotensin II (Ang II) is present in high concentrations in preovulatory follicular fluid, and ovarian follicular cells have specific Ang II receptors. To investigate the possible direct involvement of Ang II in ovulation the specific receptor antagonist of Ang II, saralasin, was administered by intraperitoneal injection to immature rats in which follide development and ovulation had been induced with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), respectively. Saralasin halved the number of oocytes found in the fallopian tubes 17 to 20 hours after administration of hCG. The antiovulatory effect was observed when saralasin was given 1 hour before hCG or 1 or 3 hours after hCG but not when given 5 hours after hCG. Simultaneous administration of Ang II reversed the saralasin blockage of ovulation. These results indicate a direct, obligate role for Ang II in ovulation and raise the possibility of contraceptive and profertility applications for agonists or antagonists of the renin-angiotensin system that are aimed at the ovulatory process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pellicer, A -- Palumbo, A -- DeCherney, A H -- Naftolin, F -- HD22970/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1660-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3381087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensin II/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Animals ; Cell Count ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; Fallopian Tubes/cytology ; Female ; Gonadotropins, Equine/pharmacology ; Oocytes/cytology ; Ovulation/*drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Saralasin/*pharmacology
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  • 94
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    Ethical issues in the prevention and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-05
    Description: The epidemic of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) poses a major ethical question: How can we control the epidemic and the harm that it causes without unjustly discriminating against particular social groups and without unnecessarily infringing on the freedom of individuals? This question pertains to three spheres of public policy in the United States: public health, the delivery of health care, and research. In the public health sphere, vigorous educational efforts will be required, as will modified approaches to intravenous drug use, prostitution, and homosexual and bisexual sexual activity. Carefully targeted, voluntary testing and screening programs should be coupled with counseling and with guarantees of confidentiality and nondiscrimination where these are appropriate. Both health care workers and the health care system have a moral obligation to provide care to people with HIV infection, but heroic self-sacrifice should not be required provided that infection control precautions are observed. Patients with neurological involvement and terminally ill patients will benefit from statutes allowing recognition of advance directives about preferred modes of care or nontreatment. There is a moral imperative to perform intensive research directed toward the understanding, treatment, and prevention of HIV infection and AIDS. The research process will raise challenging ethical questions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walters, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 5;239(4840):597-603.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Bioethics, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Washington, DC 20057.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3340846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control/therapy ; Adult ; Beneficence ; Biomedical Research ; Bisexuality ; Brain Diseases ; Delivery of Health Care ; *Ethics, Medical ; Female ; Government Regulation ; Health Education ; Health Policy ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Mandatory Programs ; *Moral Obligations ; Personal Autonomy ; Resource Allocation ; Risk Assessment ; Social Justice ; Substance-Related Disorders ; United States ; *Voluntary Programs
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  • 95
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    Directional selection and the evolution of breeding date in birds (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-05-06
    Description: In many bird species, those pairs that breed earlier in the season have higher reproductive success than those that breed later. Since breeding date is known to be heritable, it is unclear why it does not evolve to an earlier time. Under assumptions outlined by Fisher, a model is developed that shows how breeding date may have considerable additive genetic variance, appear to be under directional selection, and yet not evolve. These results provide a general explanation for a persistent correlation of fitness with a variety of traits in natural populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Price, T -- Kirkpatrick, M -- Arnold, S J -- 1R01GM3549201/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 6;240(4853):798-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3363360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*physiology ; Female ; Fertility ; Genetic Variation ; Nutritional Status ; *Reproduction ; *Seasons ; *Selection, Genetic ; Time Factors
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  • 96
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    Developmental expression of PDGF, TGF-alpha, and TGF-beta genes in preimplantation mouse embryos (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-30
    Description: Control of growth and differentiation during mammalian embryogenesis may be regulated by growth factors from embryonic or maternal sources. With the use of single-cell messenger RNA phenotyping, the simultaneous expression of growth factor transcripts in single or small numbers of preimplantation mouse embryos was examined. Transcripts for platelet-derived growth factor A chain (PDGF-A), transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha, and TGF-beta 1, but not for four other growth factors, were found in whole blastocysts. TGF-alpha, TGF-beta 1, and PDGF antigens were detected in blastocysts by immunocytochemistry. Both PDGF-A and TGF-alpha were detected as maternal transcripts in the unfertilized ovulated oocyte, and again in blastocysts. TGF-beta 1 transcripts appeared only after fertilization. The expression of a subset of growth factors in mouse blastocysts suggests a role for these factors in the growth and differentiation of early mammalian embryos.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rappolee, D A -- Brenner, C A -- Schultz, R -- Mark, D -- Werb, Z -- 5T32 ES07106/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- HD22681/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD23539/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 30;241(4874):1823-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Radiobiology and Environmental Health, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0750.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/*physiology ; Cleavage Stage, Ovum/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Substances/*genetics ; Mice ; Oocytes/physiology ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*genetics ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factors/*genetics
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  • 97
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    Dynamic changes in inhibin messenger RNAs in rat ovarian follicles during the reproductive cycle (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-03-11
    Description: The alterations in morphology and function of the ovarian follicle as it matures, ovulates, and becomes a corpus luteum are dramatic. A variety of steroid and polypeptide hormones influence these processes, and the ovary in turn produces specific hormonal signals for endocrine regulation. One such signal is inhibin, a heterodimeric protein that suppresses the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone from pituitary gonadotrophs. Rat inhibin complementary DNA probes have been used to examine the levels and distribution of inhibin alpha-and beta A-subunit messenger RNAs in the ovaries of cycling animals. Striking, dynamic changes have been found in inhibin messenger RNA accumulation during the developmental maturation of the ovarian follicle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodruff, T K -- D'Agostino, J -- Schwartz, N B -- Mayo, K E -- HD07504/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD21921/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD021921/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Mar 11;239(4845):1296-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3125611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Estrus ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood ; Inhibins/*genetics ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Macromolecular Substances ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovarian Follicle/*physiology ; Ovary/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/metabolism ; Rats
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  • 98
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    Naturally occurring antihormones: secretion of FSH antagonists by women treated with a GnRH analog (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Description: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein essential for gonadal development and steroidogenesis. Recent studies suggest that deglycosylation of FSH results in the formation of antagonistic proteins that are capable of binding to gonadal receptors but that are devoid of bioactivity. Treatment of hypogonadal women with an antagonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone substantially decreased serum FSH bioactivity with minimal changes in immunoreactivity. Chromatofocusing and size fractionation of the serum samples indicated the secretion of immunoreactive FSH isoforms that are devoid of bioactivity but that are capable of blocking FSH action in ovarian granulosa cells. These findings provide the first demonstration of naturally occurring circulating antihormones. These FSH antagonists may play an important role in the physiology and pathophysiology of the gonads.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dahl, K D -- Bicsak, T A -- Hsueh, A J -- HD-06875/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-06939/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-23273/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 1;239(4835):72-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3122320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Assay ; Cross Reactions ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/*antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/physiology ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Humans ; Isoelectric Point ; Radioligand Assay ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 99
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    Cyclic AMP-responsive DNA-binding protein: structure based on a cloned placental cDNA (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-09
    Description: Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an intracellular second messenger that activates transcription of many cellular genes. A palindromic consensus DNA sequence, TGACGTCA, functions as a cAMP-responsive transcriptional enhancer (CRE). The CRE binds a cellular protein of 38 kD in placental JEG-3 cells. A placental lambda gt11 library was screened for expression of specific CRE-binding proteins with the CRE sequence as a radioactive probe. A cDNA encoding a protein of 326 amino acids with the binding properties of a specific CRE-binding protein (CREB) was isolated. The protein contains a COOH-terminal basic region adjacent to a sequence similar to the "leucine zipper" sequence believed to be involved in DNA binding and in protein-protein contacts in several other DNA-associated transcriptional proteins including the products of the c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun oncogenes and GCN4. The CREB protein also contains an NH2-terminal acidic region proposed to be a potential transcriptional activation domain. The putative DNA-binding domain of CREB is structurally similar to the corresponding domains in the phorbol ester-responsive c-jun protein and the yeast transcription factor GCN4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoeffler, J P -- Meyer, T E -- Yun, Y -- Jameson, J L -- Habener, J F -- DK 25532/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 30457/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 9;242(4884):1430-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2974179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Female ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Placenta/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 100
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    Requirement for glycine in activation of NMDA-receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-12
    Description: Receptors for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) are involved in many plastic and pathological processes in the brain. Glycine has been reported to potentiate NMDA responses in neurons and in Xenopus oocytes injected with rat brain messenger RNA. Glycine is now shown to be absolutely required for activation of NMDA receptors in oocytes. In voltage-clamped oocytes, neither perfusion nor rapid pressure application of NMDA onto messenger RNA-injected oocytes caused a distinct ionic current without added glycine. When glycine was added, however, NMDA evoked large inward currents. The concentration of glycine required to produce a half-maximal response was 670 nanomolar, and the glycine dose-response curve extrapolated to zero in the absence of glycine. Several analogs of glycine could substitute for glycine, among which D-serine and D-alanine were the most effective. The observation that D-amino acids are effective will be important in developing drugs targeted at the glycine site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kleckner, N W -- Dingledine, R -- NS17771/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS22249/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS23804/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 12;241(4867):835-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7365.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2841759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Female ; Glycine/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Oocytes/drug effects/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Xenopus
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