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  • General Chemistry  (7.564)
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  • BIOTECHNOLOGY
  • 1970-1974  (5.852)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 309-315 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Osteoblast ; Matrix ; Bone ; Scanning electron microscope
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les territoires sécrétoires des ostéoblastes d'os pariétal de rats sont déterminées en utilisant la microscopie électronique à balayage. Le territoire moyen de 4.620 cellules, dans 19 territoires, est de 154 μm2 par ostéoblaste. Les valeurs extrêmes par champ varient de 136 à 177 μm2 par ostéoblaste. Quatre cent cellules sont mesurées individuellement; la valeur moyenne par ostéoblaste est de 143 μm3 avec une déviation standard de 33. Le taux d'apposition journalier, mesuré par la tétracycline pendant 8 jours, est de 3.12 μm (déviation standard 0.22). Ce qui correspond à une production matricielle journalière d'environ 470 μm3 par ostéoblaste.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Die Ausscheidungsbereiche von Ratten-Osteoblasten des Scheitelbeines wurden mit dem Raster-Elektronenmikroskop direkt gemessen. Der durchschnittliche Bereich von 4620 Zellen in 19 Gesichtsfeldern war 154 μm2 per osteoblast. Der Streubereich lag in den verschiedenen Gesichtsfeldern zwischen 136 und 177 μm2 per Osteoblast. 400 Zellen wurden einzeln gemessen. Bei diesen war der Durchschnittswert per Osteoblast 143 μm2, mit einer Standard-Abweichung von 33. Die tägliche Anlagerungsrate während einer Periode von 8 Tagen war 3,12 μm (Standard-Abweichung 0,22); sie wurde mittels Tetracyclinmarkierung der Mineralisierungsfront gemessen. Dies ergab eine tägliche Produktionsrate der Matrix von etwa 470 μm3 per Osteoblast.
    Notizen: Abstract The secretory territories of rat osteoblasts on the parietal bone were measured directly using scanning electron microscopy. The mean territory of 4620 cells in 19 fields was 154 μm2 per osteoblast. The range for the fields was 136 to 177 μm2 per osteoblast. Four hundred cells were measured individually—for these the mean value per osteoblast was 143 μm2 with a standard deviation of 33. The daily rate of apposition over an 8 day period was 3.12 μm (standard deviation 0.22) measured by tetracycline marking of the mineral front. This gave a daily matrix production rate of approximately 470 μm3 per osteoblast.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 327-331 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Piezoelectricity ; Collagen ; Aging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The piezoelectric constant of mature and immature bone (defined herein) has been measured in an effort to determine whether it varies with age. It was found that the average value of the piezoelectric constantd 14 of femur from three week old calves was 58% of the value of femur from three year old bulls. The results were interpreted to indicate qualitative differences in the corresponding collagen matrices. Mature human tibia from males ranging in age from 21 to 53 years of age showed a small but significant increase ind 14 with age. Some data concerning diseased human bone, and well-preserved human bone excavated in Peru are also presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 333-337 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Materials ; Histology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Des métaux poreux et des céramiques sont implantés dans l'osin vivo et sont prélevés, après différents intervalles, pour étudier histologiquement la colonisation tissulaire. Les implants prélevés sont fixés avec les tissus environnants et inclus dans des epoxy-résines, de faible viscosité. Les échantillons sont coupés à l'aide d'une scie diamantée et fixés sur des lames pétrographiques, pour être ensuite amincis à environ 75 μm. Ils sont légèrement colorés au bleu de méthylène et à l'alizarine rouge S, qui donne un bon contraste entre tissus durs et mous et démontrent la présence d'os calcifié dans les implants poreux métalliques et céramiques.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Poröse Metall- und Keramikstücke wurden in vivo in Knochen implantiert und nach verschiedenen Intervallen entnommen, um histologisch zu untersuchen, wie weit sie ins Gewebe eingewachsen waren. Die entnommenen Implantate mit dem sie umgebenden Gewebe wurden fixiert, dehydriert und in ein niedrigvisköses Epoxy-Harz eingebettet. Die Proben wurden mit einer Diamantsäge in dicke Schnitte zerteilt, auf Steinscheiben zementiert und von Hand auf etwa 75 μm geschliffen. Sie wurden mit Methylenblau und Alizarin-Rot S schwach gefärbt; dies ergibt einen großen Kontrast zwischen Knochen und Weichgewebe und zeigt die Bildung von verkalktem Knochen innerhalb poröser Metall- und Keramik-Implantate deutlich.
    Notizen: Abstract Porous metals and ceramics were implanted in bonein vivo and retrieved at intervals for histological evaluation of tissue ingrowth. Recovered implants with surrounding tissues were fixed, dehydrated and embedded in a low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium. The embedded samples were cut into thick sections with a diamond saw, cemented to petrographic slides, and hand-ground to approximately 75 μm. They were lightly stained with methylene blue and Alizarin Red S, which provided great contrast between the bone and soft tissues, and clearly demonstrated the formation of calcified bone within porous metal and ceramic implants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 269-286 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Osteogenesis ; Osteoinduction ; Bone ; Matrix ; Cell
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Bone matrix demineralized in 0.6 N HCl at 2° for 24 h and implanted in muscle in allogeneic rats possesses consistently reproducible bone morphogenetic activity. Experiments on implants of matrix, obtained from donors injected with3H-tyrosine or3H-tryptophan, or Na35SO4, suggest that bone morphogenetic property is a protein or apart of a protein that is (1) insoluble in buffer solutions, pH 3.6 and 5.0; (2) degraded in buffer solutions at pH 7.4 by an endogenous sulfhydryl-group neutral proteinase; (3) digested by trypsin at 15° within 8 h without solubilization of the helical regions, possibly even without degradation of the nonhelical ends of the bone collagen molecule, and without any loss of the periodic ultrastructure of the collagen fibrils; (4) degraded or removed by 0.1 N NaOH at 2° within 24 h without solubilization of collagen; (5) biologically active even after nitration of tyrosyl groups with tetranitromethane. The release of only one-third of the radioactivity with loss of nearly all yield of new bone by limited tryptic digestion of3H-borohydride-reduced matrix indicates that the bone morphogenetic response is the function of a non-collagenous component. Autoradiographs of implants of matrix with non-collagenous proteins labelled with3H-tryptophan,3H-tyrosine, or both3H-tyrosine and3H-phenyl-alanine demonstrate random dissemination of the radioactive constituents and no evidence of local transfer of labelled proteins or soluble protein derivatives. Hypothetically, the bone morphogenetic response is controlled by an insoluble acidic bone morphogenetic protein or polypeptide (BMP) and a soluble neutral proteinase (BMP-ase) resembling trypsin in activity except functionally more specific for BMP. Firmly bound but separable from bone collagen, BMP is one of many short-lived morphogenetic substances appearing and disappearing throughout embryonic development and persisting in postfetal life. Where the BMP receptor resides and how it activates cell mechanisms of differential repression and derepression of such genes as code for osteogenesis is unknown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 333-339 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Vitamin D ; Bone ; Resorption ; Calcium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A series of analogues of vitamin D have been tested for their ability to stimulate bone resorption in two test systems used previously to investigate the metabolites of vitamine D. These analogues were tested (a) by directly comparing their action on bone explants of mouse half-calvariain vitro, and (b) by injecting them into young mice and measuring the degree of resorptionin vitro when explants were prepared 18 hours after the injection. It is concluded that the key functional groups concerned with enhancing the activity of vitamin D3 are the 1α- and the 25-hydroxyl,both together; the cis ring structure for ring A appears necessary. 1α-Hydroxycholecalciferol (1α-OHD3) is about as active as 25-OHD3 in the direct test, but its potency is much nearer to that of 1,25-(OH)2D3 when tested by the second (indirect) method; it seems likely that 1α-OHD3 is converted into 1,25-(OH)2D3 in vivo. The results are discussed in relation to the designing of analogues for clinical and experimental use.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 145-152 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): EHDP ; Bone ; Chemistry ; Serum ; Rabbits
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on bone and serum chemistry were investigated in adult rabbits. EHDP was administered by subcutaneous injection at doses of 0.25, 2.5 and 10 mg/kg body weight/day for of 28 days. Blood samples were obtained weekly from each rabbit and serum levels of total calcium, ionized calcium, inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were determined. At the end of the treatment period all rabbits were sacrificed and the tibiae removed for chemical analysis and histological evaluation. The effect of EHDP administration on serum chemistry was both dose- and time-related. The highest of the three doses, 10 mg/kg/day, resulted in a time-related decrease in total serum calcium. This dose also caused a rapid but transient reduction in serum ionized calcium. The effect of EHDP on serum inorganic phosphate was biphasic. Administration of 2.5 mg/kg/day resulted in a time-related elevation in this parameter, whereas the 10 mg/kg/day dose resulted in a time-related hypophosphatemic response. There were no significant drug-related changes in tibial fat-free dry weight, ash weight, total calcium or total phosphorus values. However, administration of 2.5 and 10 mg/kg/day EHDP resulted in increased osteoid tissue as measured histologically. These results are compared with data from other EHDP studies, and discussed in relation to the maturity and growth-state of the experimental animals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 261-275 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Dentine ; Bone ; Mineralization ; Density gradient fractionation ; Proteoglycans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In order to obtain enough material to analyse the organic matrix of mineralizing tissue a technique for preparative separation according to the degree of mineralization was developed. The method employs ultracentrifugation of powdered material in density gradients made from acetone and bromoform. The density range of the fractions is checked by refractive index measurements of the gradient medium. The amount of the material in the fractions is checked by weighing and their degree of mineralization is estimated by determining the Ca/N and P/N ratios. The homogeneity of the fractions is determined by soft X-ray microscopy. Isolated dissected microscopic bone structure (osteones and lamellar bone fragments) with different degrees of mineralization were fractionated in this way. Chromatography on Sepharose 2B of proteoglycans from costal cartilage exposed to an acetone-bromoform gradient revealed no effect of the gradient medium on the molecular size of the proteoglycans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 153-160 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Lysosomes ; Bone ; Resorption ; Osteoclast
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Des techniques histochimiques de microscope photonique et électronique montrent que les ostéoclastes métaphysaires chez des rats “sans incisive” présentent des quantités plus importantes de phosphatase acide, d'acryl sulfatase et de trimétaphosphatase acide lysosomiales. L'activité en phosphatase lysosomiale à pH neutre est aussi plus élevée dans les ostéoclastes métaphysaires, sauf dans les cellules situées sous la métaphyse, où l'enzyme est absente. L'absence de résorption de la matrice organique semble en rapport avec l'absence de bordures en brosse et une absence d'enzyme lysosomiale extracellulaire. Malgré cette absence, une dissolution de cristaux inorganiques a été mise en évidence au microscope électronique, suggérant que la dissolution minérale est un processus distinct de la désintégration enzymatique de la matrice organique.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Histochemische Techniken für Licht- und Elektronenmikroskopie zeigten, daß metaphysäre Osteoklasten “Schneidezahl-loser” (SL) Ratten erhöhte Mengen von lysosomaler saurer Phosphatase, von Arylsulfatase und von saurer Trimetaphosphatase enthielten. Die Aktivität der lysosomalen Phosphatase bei neutralem pH war in den metaphysären Osteoklasten ebenfalls erhöht, außer in den Zellen direkt unterhalb der Wachstumsplatte, wo dieses Enzym nicht vorkam. Es konnte überhaupt keine Resorption der organischen Matrix festgestellt werden, was übereinzustimmen schien mit der Abwesenheit eines gekräuselten Saumes und einer gleichzeitigen Abwesenheit des extrazellulären lysosomalen Enzyms. Trotzdem wurde im Elektronenmikroskop das Verschwinden anorganischer Kristalle festgestellt, was darauf schließen läßt, daß die Auflösung des Minerals nicht derselbe Vorgang ist wie die enzymatische Auflösung der organischen Matrix.
    Notizen: Abstract Histochemical techniques for light and electron microscopy showed that metaphyseal osteoclasts in “incisors absent” rats contained greater than normal amounts of lysosomal acid phosphatase, aryl sulfatase and acid trimetaphosphatase. Lysosomal phosphatase activity at neutral pH was also elevated in the metaphyseal osteoclasts except in those cells immediately beneath the growth plate, where this enzyme was absent. The failure of any discernable resorption of organic matrix appeared to correlate with the absence of a ruffled border and a concomittant absence of extracellular lysosomal enzyme. Despite this failure, electron microscopic evidence of inorganic crystal removal was noted, suggesting that mineral dissolution represents a separate process from the enzymatic breakdown of organic matrix.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 13-36 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Osteoclast ; Bone ; Resorption ; Crystals ; Organic-inorganic relationships
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The organic-inorganic relationships in bone matrix undergoing osteoclastic resorption have been studied in rat tibial diaphyses using electron microscope techniques in an attempt to identify the steps of the resorption process. Results suggest that bone resorption occurs in two phases: the first, an extracellular phase, leads to bone matrix fragmentation and partial dissolution, and the second, an intracellular phase, to complete digestion of the breakdown products of the bone matrix. The first component of the bone matrix to be attacked by the osteoclast is the ground substance. This induces the release of the crystals lying between, and on, the collagen fibrils; any crystals lying within fibrils are released later, when the fibrils break up. As this stage proceeds, the collagen fibrils retain their normal intrinsic texture, but gradually loose their lateral aggregation, appearing as individual fibrils (some of them uncovered by crystals), mixed with fragments of fibrils and many free crystals. The loosened but otherwise structurally normal collagen fibrils, and their fragments, are strongly argyrophilic. Complete dissolution of the disaggregated fibrils occurs outside the cell, both in the resorption zone and in the initial portion of the channels of the ruffled border. The free crystals present in the resorption zone and those phagocytosed in cytoplasmic vacuoles are organic-inorganic structures, whose organic component (the crystal ghost) is, at least in part, of proteoglycan nature. Dissolution of inorganic material occurs within the cytoplasmic vacuoles of the osteoclasts. Results are viewed in relation to the process of bone resorption and, as far as crystal ghosts are concerned, to that of bone calcification. A tentative summary of the various steps involved in the mechanism of bone resorption is given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Parathyroid ; 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol ; Adenosine 3′, 5′ cyclic monophosphate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Phenytoin, at a concentration which is known to inhibit parathyroid extract-induced bone resorptionin vitro, has been shown to have no significant effect on either the cyclic AMP content of four-day-old mouse calvaria which had been in tissue culture for 48 h or on the increase in cyclic AMP content occurring after the addition of parathyroid extract to the medium. Phenytoin has also been shown to be an effective inhibitor of bone resorptionin vitro induced by 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. These observations suggest that the inhibitory effect of phenytoin on parathyroid extract and hormone-induced bone resorption takes place beyond the cyclic AMP stage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 219-226 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Phosphate ; ATP ; Calcium ; Mitochondria
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An active constituent of the leaves ofSolanum malacoxylon (SM) is shown to promote calcium resorption and citrate production in embryonic chick frontal bone culturedin vitro. When injected into rats, SM reduces the ATP content of liver and kidneys. This phenomenon may be related to the ability of SM to stimulate mitochondrial ATPase activity at pH 9.4. SM significantly reduces the concentration of phosphate necessary to alter the uptake of calcium and respiration of siolated mitochondria. The data suggest that SM influences calcium and phosphate metabolism by affecting ion movements into and out of mitochondria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 251-255 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Cartilage ; Bone ; Vitamin A ; Phosphatases
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Au cours d'une étude du cartilage épiphysaire de poulets normaux et déficients en vitamine A, la composition organique et l'activité phosphatasique du cartilage au repos, du cartilage en voie d'ossification et de l'os nouvellement formé ont été mesurées. Le cartilage en voie d'ossification et l'os nouvellement formé ont un contenu plus élevé en matériel inorganique, phosphate et collagène que le cartilage au repos. Une déficience en vitamine A provoque une augmentation du contenu en phospholipide de tous les trois tissus. Le cartilage au repos, en cas de déficience en vitamine A, présente, après homogénéisation et centrifugation, un surnageant dont l'activité en phosphatase alcaline et en glycérophosphatase est plus élevée que celle des témoins. Il semble que les effets enzymatiques de l'avitaminose A soient liés à des altérations de la membrane lysosomiale avec décharge de phosphatases. La minéralisation normale semble aussi faire intervenir une activité phosphatasique.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit beschreibt Untersuchungen des Epiphysenknorpels bei normalen Küken und solchen mit Vitamin-A-Mangel. Die organische Zusammensetzung und die Phosphatase-Aktivität in ruhendem Knorpel, ossifizierendem Knorpel und neugebildetem Knochen wurden gemessen. Der ossifizierende Knorpel und der neugebildete Knochen hatten einen höheren Gehalt an anorganischem Material, an Phosphat und Kollagen als der ruhende Knorpel. Vitamin-A-Mangel führte zu einem erhöhten Phospholipidgehalt in allen drei Geweben. Nach Homogenisierung und Zentrifugierung fand sich im Überstand des ruhenden Knorpels von Vitamin-A-Mangelgewebe eine höhere alkalische Phosphatase- und Glycero-phosphatase-Aktivität als bei den Kontrollen. Es wird angenommen, daß die Wirkung des Vitamin A-Mangels auf die Enzyme im Zusammenhang steht mit der Schädigung der lysosomalen Membran, wobei Phosphatasen freigesetzt werden, und daß die normale Mineralisierung die Phosphatasen-Aktivität ebenfalls anregt.
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reports studies of the epiphyseal cartilage in normal and vitamin A deficient chicks. The organic composition and the phosphatase activity in the resting cartilage, ossifying cartilage and new bone were measured. The ossifying cartilage and new bone had a higher content of inorganic material, phosphate and collagen than the resting cartilage. Vitamin A deficiency caused increase in the phospholipid content of all three tissues. The resting cartilage from vitamin A deficient tissue had, after homogenisation and centrifugation, a supernatant with an activity of alkaline phosphatase and glycerophosphatase higher than that in control samples. It is considered that effects of vitamin A deficiency on enzymes are related to defects of the lysosomal membrane with release of phosphatases, and that normal mineralisation also involves phosphatases activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 283-289 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Sodium fluoride ; Osteoporosis ; Bone ; Strength ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'utilisation thérapeutique de fluorure de sodium a été recommandée dans le traitement de diverses maladies osseuses ostéopéniques. Cet emploi est basé principalement sur les effects ostéosclérotiques bien connus du fluorure de sodium, mais on connait mal son effet sur la force de résistance osseuse. L'influence de diverses concentrations de fluorure de sodium sur la force de résistance osseuse de jeunes rats soumis à des régimes riches et pauvres en calcium a été étudiée. L'administration de fluorure de sodium augmente le diamètre osseux, indiquant une stimulation de la formation de l'os périosté, mais la force de résistance osseuse est réduite ou non modifiée par l'ingestion de fluor.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Die therapeutische Verwendung von Natriumfluorid ist für eine Anzahl von Knochenmangel-Krankheiten empfohlen worden. Die Empfehlungen basieren hauptsächlich auf den bekannten osteosklerotischen Wirkungen von Natriumfluorid; über dessen Effekt auf die Knochenstärke ist wenig bekannt. In dieser Arbeit wurde der Einfluß verschiedener Konzentrationen von Natriumfluorid auf die Knochenstärken von wachsenden Ratten mit hoher und niederer Calciumeinnahme untersucht. Die Verabreichung von Natriumfluorid erhöhte den Knochendurchmesser, was auf eine Stimulierung der Periostbildung hinwies, die Knochenstärke wurde jedoch durch Fluorideinnahme herabgesetzt oder nicht beeinflußt.
    Notizen: Abstract The therapeutic use of sodium fluoride has been recommended in a variety of osteopenic bone diseases. The recommendations are based mainly on the known osteosclerotic effects of sodium fluoride and little information is available as to its effect on bone strength. The influence of various concentrations of sodium fluoride on bone strength in growing rats on high and low calcium diets was studied. The administration of sodium fluoride increased bone diameter, indicating stimulation of periosteal bone formation, but bone strength was reduced or not affected by fluoride ingestion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 291-299 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Collagenase ; Lysozyme
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Du lysozyme de blanc d'œuf, ainsi que des protéines basiques, telles que de l'histone et une base dépourvue de protamine, semblent inhiber la collagénase osseuse de souris. L'inhibition de collagénase osseuse de souris par le lysozyme est mise en évidence lorsque l'activité de la collagénase est étudiée en utilisant du collagène comme substrat à l'état solide, mais non lorsque le collagène est utilisé en solution. D'autre part, l'inhibition de l'activité en collagénase par l'histone et une base dépourvue de protamine est observée dans les deux systèmes. L'inhibition de collagénase ossuese de souris par des molécules polyanioniques est intéressante, étant donné que des travaux antérieurs ont montré que plusieurs molécules polyanioniques telles que l'héparine, le sulfate de dextrane et l'acide polyethylenesulfonique augmentent l'activité de collagénase osseuse de souris dans les mêmes conditions expérimentales. Comme le lysozyme est largement présent dans les tissus conjonctifs et que sa concentration carie avec l'ampleur du remaniement tissulaire, l'inhibition de la collagénase osseuse de souris suggère un role éventuel dans la régulation de la dégradation du collagène, pendant le remaniement des tissus collagéniquesin vivo au cours d'états normaux et pathologiques.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Lysozyme aus Hühnereiweiß sowie Basis-Proteine, wie z. B. Histon und Protamin-freie Basen, erwiesen sich als Hemmer der Mäuseknochen-Kollagenase. Diese Hemmung durch Lysozym wurde festgestellt, wenn für die Messung der Kollagenase-Aktivität Kollagen in Substanz als Substrat verwendet wurde, nicht aber, wenn das Substrat aus gelöstem Kollagen bestand. Andererseits wurde die Hemmung der Kollagenase-Aktivität durch Histon und Protamin-freie Basen in beiden Versuchssystemen festgestellt. Die Hemmung von Mäuseknochen-Kollagenase durch polykationische Moleküle ist interessant, vor allem im Hinblick auf frühere Feststellungen, daß mehrere polyanionische Moleküle, wie Heparin, Dextransulfat und Polyaethylensulfonsäure, die Aktivität der Mäuseknochen-Kollagenase unter denselben experimentellen Bedingungen erhöhen. Da Lysozym in Bindegeweben überall verteilt ist und da dessen Konzentration mit der Neubildungsrate des Gewebes variiert, läßt die Hemmung der Mäuseknochen-Kollagenase durch Lysozym dessen mögliche Rolle in der Regulierung des Kollagenabbaues vermuten, und zwar während der Neubildung von Kollagengeweben in vivo in normalen und pathologischen Zuständen.
    Notizen: Abstract Egg white lysozyme, as well as basic proteins such as histone and protamine-free base, were found to inhibit mouse bone collagenase. The inhibition of mouse bone collagenase by lysozyme was detected when the activity of the collagenase was assayed using collagen as the substrate in the solid state, but not when the collagenase activity was assayed using collagen in solution as the substrate. On the other hand, the inhibition of collagenase activity by histone and protamine-free base was observed in both assay systems. The inhibition of mouse bone collagenase by polycationic molecules is interesting in light of previous findings that several polyanionic molecules, such as heparin, dextran sulfate and polyethylenesulphonic acid, enhance the activity of mouse bone collagenase under the same experimental conditions. Since lysozyme is widely distributed in connective tissues and its concentration varies with the rate of tissue remodeling, the inhibition of mouse bone collagenase by lysozyme suggests its possible role in the regulation of collagen degradation during the remodeling of collagenous tissuesin vivo during normal and pathological states.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 11-20 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Growth ; Resorption ; Caudal ; Vertebra ; Fluorescence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Une méthode de mesure de l'apposition et de la résorption osseuse est mise au point au niveau de la septième vertèbre caudale de jeunes rats, pesant 25–90 g, pendant la période de croissance. Cette pièce osseuse a des avantages certains par rapport à d'autres localisations, car elle est symétrique en coupe transversale et non affectée par des forces corticales. En utilisant trois marqueurs d'os différents, fluorescents en lumière ultra-violette, administrés à des intervalles de 3, 5 ou 7 jours, les modifications de croissance sont observées sur des coupes transversales centrales, non décalcifiées, de la septième vertèbre caudale. Une formation osseuse linéaire se développe à une vitesse moyenne de 10.0 μ/jour et une résorption linéaire de 6.1μ/jour est notée. Pendant la période de croissance observée, la formation osseuse s'observe exclusivement à la surface du périoste et la résorption se fait le long de la surface de l'endoste. A ce niveau l'os est totalement résorbé, chez des animaux de 25 g en 22–26 jours. Il semble que chez des animaux plus âgés, une formation osseuse endostée se développe rendant alors impossible toute étude prolongée dans cette région.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur Messung der Knochenbildungs- und Resorptionsgeschwindigkeiten im siebten Caudalwirbel junger Ratten während ihrer Wachstumsperiode von 25–90 g beschrieben. Dieser Knochen hat gegenüber jenen, die vorgängig untersucht wurden, den großen Vorteil, in transversalen Schnitten symmetrisch und unbeeinflußt von kortikalen Unregelmäßigkeiten zu sein. Die Art der Wachstumsveränderungen wurden an nichtentkalkten zentralen Transversalschnitten der siebten Caudalwirbeln bestimmt; dazu wurden drei verschiedene, farbige, im UVbereich fluoreszierende Knochenmarkierungssubstanzen verabreicht und zwar in 3-, 5- oder 7tägigen Intervallen. Die lineare Knochenbildung fand mit einer mittleren Geschwindigkeit von 10,0 μ pro Tag statt, die lineare Knochenresorption mit einer solchen von 6,1 μ pro Tag. Während der untersuchten Wachstumsperiode fand die Knochenbildung ausschließlich an der Periostoberfläche und die Knochenresportion an der endostalen Oberfläche statt. Der Knochen, der beim 25 g schweren Tier an diesem Ort vorlag, verschwand durch die endostale Resorption innerhalb von 22–26 Tagen
    Notizen: Abstract A method for measuring bone formation and resorption rates in the seventh caudal vertebra of young rats during the growth period from 25–90 g is reported. This bone site has unique advantages over those previously studied, being symmetrical in transverse section and uncomplicated by cortical drift. Utilising three different coloured ultraviolet fluorescent bone labelling substances administered at either 3, 5 or 7 day intervals, the nature of growth changes was determined from undecalcified central transverse sections of the seventh caudal vertebrae. Linear bone formation occurred at a mean rate of 10.0 μ/day and linear bone resorption at 6.1 μ/day. During the growth period studied, bone formation occurred exclusively on the periosteal surface and bone resorption on the endosteal surface. Bone existing in this site in 25 g animals was completely removed by endosteal resorption within 22–26 days. Evidence exists that in older rats endosteal bone formation occurs and renders the site unsuitable for long term studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 315-324 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Mineral ; Osteogenesis ; Interference microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A method based on tetracycline labeling was developed for selecting, in frozen sections of fetal mouse femur, bone foci approximately 6, 24, 48 and 72 h of age. Microinterferometric measurements of these foci permitted a calculation of the effective thickness (t) and refractive index (n) of each focus. After demineralizing the sections by a method which left the organic portion of the bone intact, the foci were re-measured andt andn of the organic compartment of each focus were determined;t andn of the mineral compartment were calculated by difference. A sharp decrease and subsequent rise in then of whole bone occurred between 6 and 48 h. These changes derived from the mineral compartment, and were thought to have resulted from the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite, respectively. The mineral present in 6 h foci, however, was believed to be some precursor of amorphous calcium phosphate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 329-332 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Microradiography ; Bone ; X-ray
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A low cost, self-contained, commercially available, X-ray apparatus which possesses the essential qualifications necessary to produce high resolution microradiographs of undecalcified bone is described. The widespread current use of this machine in pathology laboratories may make purchase of such a unit optional.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 73-88 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Dentine ; Bone ; Histocytochemistry ; Physiological Calcification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Histochemical methods were used to detect differences in amino acid reactive groups between bone and osteoid, dentine and predentine. Three major differences were found: Predentine and osteoid contained more reactive sulphydryls than their mineralized counterparts. The greatest reaction for this reactive group was obtained at the mineralizing front. Dentine and bone contained a complex between amino and carboxylic acid groups; predentine and osteoid did not have this complex and carboxylic acid residues were less in these tissues. Dentine and bone contained much greater amounts of histidine or a histidine-like component than did predentine and osteoid. It is proposed that these differences are involved in initiation of mineralization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 169-182 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Histochemistry ; Alkaline phosphatases ; Calcification ; Bone ; Teeth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Activity of alkaline phosphatases in unfixed cold microtome setions from the lower first molar area of newborn mice was recorded by histochemical methods. A substrate specificity test included the following phosphate compounds: ATP, CTP, GTP, UTP, ADP, AMP, GP, PPi, MDP and naphthol AS-TR phosphate. Intense staining was obtained in osteoblasts, stratum intermedium of the enamel organ and odontoblasts with all the substrates, except PPi and MDP. Staining of skeletal muscle fibres was obtained only with triphosphates as substrates. Addition of-SH groups decreased the hydrolysis of triphosphate compounds in cells involved in mineralization while the hydrolysis of monophosphate was inhibited. In contrast triphosphatase activity in striated muscle was enhanced when-SH compounds were added. Demineralization with EDTA diminished the cytoplasmic staining but induced a nuclear staining in hard tissue forming cells when triphosphates were used as substrates. No cytoplasmic and only slight nuclear staining was seen with GP or AMP as substrates. The triphosphate hydrolyzing capacity of tongue muscle fibres was, however, increased after the decalcification treatment. Addition of Mg2+ ions to the incubation media distinctly lowered the hydrolysis of triphosphates in the investigated tissues whereas the hydrolysis of ADP, AMP, GP and naphthol AS-TR phosphate remained unchanged. In view of the findings the triphosphatase activities at alkaline pH of muscle fibres and of cells related to hard tissue formation are considered to be due to activity of separate enzymes. The orthophosphate liberating enzyme activities at alkaline pH in osteoblasts, stratum intermedium and odontoblasts may be expressions of the catalytic functions of one common enzyme. Furthermore, the results indicate that CaATP might be the substrate used by the alkaline ATPase in mineralizing areas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 239-250 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): EHDP ; Bone ; Collagen ; Histology ; Bone chemical analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effects of various systemic doses of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on bone organic matrix and to relate these effects to the corresponding dose-related changes in bone mineral. EHDP was administered daily by subcutaneous injection at doses of 0.25, 2.5 and 40 mg/kg body weight for periods of one and two weeks. At both time intervals, rat tibiae were quantitatively analyzed for mineral content (ash, calcium and phosphorus) and for organic matrix content (matrix weight, nitrogen and certain amino acids). The latter data were correlated with semiquantitative histological analyses of the tibiae. Results of this study demonstrate that the short term effects of EHDP on bone chemistry and histology are variable and depend on the systemic dose and the duration of treatment. Systemic doses of 0.25 and 2.5 mg/kg EHDP following daily administration for one week resulted in transitory decreases in bone mineral content compared to controls. Following two weeks of treatment, both of these dose levels resulted in increased bone mineral content and, in addition, the 2.5 mg/kg dose resulted in tibiae which contained more organic matrix compared to control bones. In contrast to the low dose effects, a high systemic dose of EHDP—e.g. 40 mg/kg administered daily for 1 or 2 weeks—appears to act solely by inhibiting mineralization of newly-formed matrix.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 31-48 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Cartilage ; Calcification ; Collagen ; Phosphate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Une méthode pour l'étude de la croissance des os longs de foetus de rat, en culture d'organe, dans un milieu chimiquement défini, a été mise au point. Les extrémités cartilagineuses et les parties centrales de l'os sont analysées séparément pour leur croissance et minéralisation en étudiant leur contenu en collagène, calcium et phosphate, poids sec, et incorporation de proline marquée en hydroxyproline. La croissance et la minéralisation des parties centrales osseuses sont plus lentes dans un milieu chimiquement défini qu'in vivo. La croissance peut être accélérée en ajoutant au milieu des acides aminés non essentiels, de l'albumine ou du sérum. Les extrémités cartilagineuses présentent une augmentation plus importante en poids et contenu en collagène que les parties centrales et l'adjonction de diverses substances a moins d'effet sur la croissance. La croissance et la minéralisation des parties centrales sont augmentées en élevant la concentration du milieu en phosphate de 1.5 à 4.5 mM, avec ou sans adjonction de sérum ou d'albumine. A une concentration faible de calcium (0.5 mM), la croissance et la minéralisation des parties centrales sont arrêtées. A une concentration faible en magnésium (0.5 mM), la minéralisation est augmentée, mais la croissance est arrêtée.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, mit welcher das Wachstum der Röhrenknochen von Rattenembryos in einem chemisch bestimmten Medium in Organkultur untersucht werden kann. Die Knorpelenden und Knochenschäfte wurden gesondert auf Wachstum und Mineralisation geprüft, indem Collagen-, Calcium- und Phosphatgehalt, das Trockengewicht und der Einbau von markiertem Prolin in Hydroxyprolin gemessen wurden. Wachstum und Mineralisation des Knochenschaftes waren langsamer in einem chemisch bestimmten Medium als in vivo. Das Wachstum konnte beschleunigt werden, indem dem Medium nicht-essentielle Aminosäuren, Albumin oder Serum beigegeben wurden. Die Knorpelenden zeigten eine viel stärkere Zunahme an Gewicht und Collagengehalt als die Schäfte, und Anreicherung des Mediums hatte weniger Wirkung auf ihr Wachstum. Das Wachstum und die Mineralisation der Knochenschäfte nahmen zu, wenn die Phosphatkonzentration im Medium zwischen 1,5 und 4,5 mM erhöht wurde, und zwar unabhängig davon, ob dem Medium Serum oder Albumin beigegeben wurde oder nicht. Bei niederer Calciumkonzentration (0,5 mM) im Medium wurden Wachstum und Mineralisation der Knochenschäfte beeinträchtigt. Bei niedriger Magnesiumkonzentration (0,5 mM) wurden die Mineralisation erhöht, das Wachstum hingegen gehemmt.
    Notizen: Abstract A method for studying the growth of fetal rat long bones in a chemically defined medium in organ culture is described. Cartilage ends and bone shafts were analyzed separately for growth and mineralization by measuring the collagen, calcium, and phosphate content, dry weight, and incorporation of labeled proline into hydroxyproline. Growth and mineralization of the bone shaft were slower in a chemically defined medium thanin vivo. Growth could be enhanced by supplementation of the medium with non-essential amino acids, albumin or serum. Cartilage ends showed a greater increase in weight and collagen content than the shafts, and medium supplements had less effect on their growth. Bone shaft growth and mineralization were enhanced by increasing medium phosphate concentration over a range of 1.5 to 4.5 mM whether or not the medium was supplemented with serum or albumin. At a low medium calcium concentration (0.5 mM) bone shaft growth and mineralization were impaired. At a low magnesium concentration (0.5 mM) mineralization was enhanced, but growth was impaired.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 83-86 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Reproductive cycle ; Pigeons ; Amorphous ; Crystalline
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Une étude de diffraction aux rayons X, au cours du cycle de ponte d'oeufs de pigeon, a été entreprise pour évaluer les modifications de la proportion entre les phases de phosphate de calcium amorphe et apatitique. La partie médullaire du fémur de pigeon est totalement résorbée au cours du cycle de reproduction. Au cours de ce processus, l'os contenant plus de phosphate de calcium amorphe est résorbé avant celui qui est riche en cristaux. Ainsi l'os à contenu amorphe plus élevé est métaboliquement plus actif que l'os riche en cristaux. L'os médullaire qui peut être induit chez le pigeon mâle par traitement aux oestrogènes, ressemble, au point de vue diffraction aux rayons X, à l'os médullaire des femelles au début du cycle de reproduction.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Mittels Röntgen-Diffraktion wurden die Veränderungen in den prozentualen Mengen der amorphen und der kristallinen Calciumphosphat-Phasen im Femur der Taube während des Eierlegens untersucht. Der medulläre Teil des Taubenfemur wird während des Fortpflanzungscyclus vollständig resorbiert. Dabei wird der Teil des Knochens, der mehr amorphes Calciumphosphat enthält, vor dem kristallreichen Teil resorbiert. Daraus folgt, daß der Stoffwechsel des Knochens mit höherem amorphem Gehalt aktiver ist als derjenige des Knochens mit höherem kristallinem Gehalt. Weiter konnte mittels Röntgendiffraktion festgestellt werden, daß der medulläre Knochen, welcher in männlichen Tauben durch Oestrogenbehandlung erzeugt werden kann, dem weiblichen medullären Knochen am Anfang des Fortpflanzungscyclus gleicht.
    Notizen: Abstract This is an X-ray diffraction study of the changes in the proportional amounts of the amorphous and apatitic calcium phosphate phases in pigeon femur during the egg-laying cycle. The medullary portion of pigeon femur is completely resorbed in the reproductive cycle. In this process the portion of bone which is higher in amorphous calcium phosphate is resorbed before the crystal-rich portion. Thus, bone with a higher amorphous content is more metabolically active than more crystalline bone. Finally, medullary bone which can be produced in male pigeons by estrogen treatment was found by X-ray diffraction to resemble female medullary bone at the beginning of the reproductive cycle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 49-58 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Glycosaminoglycans ; Intracellular ; Chondrocytes ; Cartilage ; Embryonal ; Bone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les glycosaminoglycanes acides de chondrocytes isolés, en suspension, sont étudiés. La matrice extracellulaire est isolée par traitement successif à la trypsine et à la collagénase d'os d'embryons de poulet, âges de 15 à 17 jours. Après digestion à la papaïne et élimination des acides nucléïques par traitement à la DNAse et à la RNAse, les glycosaminoglycanes sont précipités par le CPC et isolés sous la forme de leur sel sodique. Les analyses des propriétés de solubilité du CP glycosaminoglycane par le microfractionnement d'Antonopoulos et coll. (1964) révèlent la présence de glycosaminoglycanes intracellulaires de poids moléculaire et/ou de densité de charge nettement plus faibles que ceux de la matrice extracellulaire. Sur des électrophorèses de microzones, une petite partie des glycosaminoglycanes intracellulaires isolées présente une mobilité similaire à celle des solutions témoins de sulfate de chondroitine, alors que la portion la plus importante ne se déplace qu'à mi-distance de l'acide hyaluronique et montre une large trainée, indiquant une faible charge négative. Ce fait semble dû à une perte de l'influence de régulation des composants matriciels éliminées, sur la synthèse des glycosaminoglycanes et au rejet dans le milieu de glycosaminoglycanes initialement synthétisé. Pour la première fois, une faible quantité d'acide hyaluronique intracellulaire est mise en évidence par une mobilité électrophorétique typique.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Saure Glykosaminoglycane von isolierten Chondrocyten in Suspension wurden untersucht, und die extracelluläre Matrix von 15–17 Tage alten Knochen von Kükenembryos wurde durch die aneinanderfolgende Behandlung mit Trypsin und Collagenase erhalten. Nach der Papain-Verdauung und Beseitigung der Nucleinsäuren mittels DNS- und RNSase-Behandlung wurden die Glykosaminoglycane mit CPC gefällt und als Natriumsalz isoliert. Untersuchungen der Löslichkeit der CP-Glykosaminoglycane mittels des Mikrofraktionierungsverfahrens von Antonopouloset al. (1964) zeigten intracelluläre Glykosaminoglycane mit meist niedrigerem Molekulargewicht und/oder niedrigerer Ladungsdichte als diejenigen der extracellulären Matrix. In der Mikro-Zonen-Elektrophorese zeigte nur ein kleiner Teil der isolierten intracellulären Glykosaminoglycane eine Mobilität, die dem Standard des Chondroitinsulfats entsprach. Der größte Teil legte nur die halbe Distanz der Hyaluronsäure zurück und zeigte breites “Tailing”, was auf eine niedrigere negative Ladung hindeutet. Die Ursache dafür wurde interpretiert als Verlust eines regulierenden Einflusses der entfernten Matrixkomponenten auf die Glykosaminoglycan-Synthese und als Abgabe ursprünglich synthetisierter Glykosaminoglycane in das Medium. Es wurde erstmals, anhand der typischen elektrophoretischen Beweglichkeit, eine kleine Menge von intracellulärer Hyaluronsäure nachgewiesen.
    Notizen: Abstract Acid glycosaminoglycans were studied from isolated chondrocytes in suspension and the extracellular matrix obtained by sequential trypsin and collagenase treatment of 15- to 17-day-old embryonic chick bone. After papain digestion and removal of the nucleic acids by treatment with DNAse and RNAse, the glycosaminoglycans were precipitated by CPC and isolated as their sodium salt. Analyses of the CP-glycosaminoglycan solubility properties with the microfractionation procedure of Antonopouloset al. (1964) showed intracellular glycosaminoglycans of predominantly lower molecular weight and/or charge density than those of extracellular matrix. On micro-zone electrophoresis, only a minor part of the isolated intracellular glycosaminoglycans showed a mobility similar to that of the chondroitin sulphate standards while the major part moved only half the distance of hyaluronic acid and showed broad tailing, indicating a low negative charge. This was considered to be due to loss of a regulatory influence of the removed matrix components upon glycosaminoglycan synthesis and to release of originally synthesized glycosaminoglycans into the medium. For the first time, a small amount of intracellular hyaluronic acid was shown by typical electrophoretic mobility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 161-168 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Diphosphonates ; Osteoid Synthesis ; Hydroxyproline ; Bone ; Formation-Resorption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Deux diphosphonates, à savoir l'éthane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) et le dichlorométhane diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), inhibentin vitro la résorption osseuse qui est stimulée soit par la parathormone ou par voie intrinsèque dans un système de culture d'os en remaniement. Alors que le Cl2MDP est plus efficace que l'EHDP dans l'inhibition de la résorption, ce fait semble en rapport avec une diminution de le formation de tissu ostéoide. Il s'en suit une diminution biochimique et morphologique marquée du remaniement osseux avec le Cl2MDP à une concentration équivalent à 10 μg de phosphore/ml de milieu de culture. La différence d'activité entre l'EHDP et le Cl2MDP peu être liée à leur affinité relative pour les surfaces du minéral osseux et, par suite, à leur concentration effective dans la fluide extracellulaire osseux. Les diphosphonates pourraient aussi affecter l'os indirectement si l'on admet que le degré de minéralisation de la matrice est important pour l'induction et la régulation de l'activité ostéoblastique dans l'os en voie de remaniement.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Zwei Diphosphonate, Aethan-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonat (EHDP) und Dichloromethylen-Diphosphonat (Cl2MDP) hemmen in vitro die Knochenresorption. Diese wird verfolgt entweder mittels Stimulierung durch PH oder in einem Kultursystem, in welchem normale Knochenneubildung stattfindet. Während Cl2MDP die Resorption wirksamer hemmt als EHDP, scheint es ebenfalls eine Verminderung der Osteoidbildung zu verursachen. Dies bewirkt eine deutliche biochemische und morphologische Herabsetzung der Knochenneubildung, bei einer Cl2MDP-Konzentration von 10 μg Phosphor/ml Kulturmedium. Die unterschiedliche Wirksamkeit von EHDP und Cl2MDP läßt sich wahrscheinlich auf ihre verschiedenen Affinitäten zu der Oberfläche des Knochenminerals und somit auf ihre tatsächliche freie Konzentration in der extracellulären Flüssigkeit des Knochens zurückführen. Ausgehend von der Annahme, daß die Anregung und Regulierung der Osteoblasten-Aktivität bei der Knochenneubildung vom Ausmaß der Matrix-Mineralisation bestimmt wird, läßt sich die Vermutung aufstellen, daß die Diphosphonate die Knochenbildung auch indirekt beeinflussen können.
    Notizen: Abstract Two Diphosphonates, ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) inhibitin vitro bone resorption, which is either stimulated by parathyroid hormone or intrinsic in a bone remodeling culture system. While Cl2MDP is more effective than EHDP in inhibiting resorption, it also appears to result in a related diminution in osteoid formation. This effect causes a marked biochemical and morphological depression of bone remodelling with Cl2MDP at a concentration equivalent to 10-μg-phosphorus/ml of culture medium. The difference in activity between EHDP and Cl2MDP may be related to their relative affinities for the bone mineral surfaces and hence their effective free concentration in the bone extracellular fluid. It is hypothesized that diphosphonates may also affect bone formation indirectly if one assumes that the degree of mineralization of the matrix is important in the induction and regulation of osteoblastic activity in remodelling bone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 195-210 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Fossil bone ; Bone resorption ; Boring channels ; Fungi
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'action ostéoclasique exercée par un champignon appartenant au genreMucor sur des os inhumés a été étudiée au point de vue morphologique. L'érosion ossuse donne lieu à des cavités et à des canalicules de percement, dont les parois apparaissent régulièrement calcifiées jusqu'a l'interface avec le champignon, ce qui veut dire que la réabsorption intéresse en même temps la matrice organique et les cristallites. Au contraire des ostéoclastes, la membrane du champignon ne montre jamais un bord en brosse au niveau des points où elle se met en contact avec le tissu osseux. De même l'examen au microscope électronique ne décele apparemment aucun passage de matériel dans l'épaisseur de la membrane ainsi que dans le protoplasme du champignon, ce qui porte à admettre qu'un processus de solubilisation a lieu au préalable. Seulement dans le cas où le champignon présente des phénomènes de vieillissement, des données font prévoir la libération d'une substance capable de décalcifier la matrice organique. Tous les résultats ci-dessu sont discutés de façon analytique et comparés à ceux fournis par les canalicules de percement des os fossiles.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Die osteoklastische Aktivität eines der Mucor-Gattung angehörenden Pilzes auf begrabene Knochen wurde morphologisch untersucht. Die Wirkung dieses Pilzes in der Knochenerosion führt zu Resorptionshöhlen und Bohrkanälen, deren Wände scharf und bis zur Oberfläche gut verkalkt sind; das bedeutet, daß die Knochenresorption gleichzeitig die Kristalliten und die organische Matrix in Mitleidenschaft zieht. Im Gegensatz zu den normalen Osteoklasten zeigt die Membran des Pilzes an den Berührungsstellen mit dem Knochengewebe keinen Bürstensaum. Ebenfalls läßt eine elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung keinen Durchgang von Substanzen durch die Membran und das Protoplasma des Pilzes erkennen, so daß man annehmen muß, daß vorher ein Auflösungsprozeß stattgefunden hat. Die Vermutung liegt nahe, daß eine Substanz, welche den anorganischen Knochenanteil aufzulösen vermag, sich
    Notizen: Abstract A morphological investigation has been carried out on the osteoclastic activity revealed by a fungus of theMucor genus on buried bone. The hallmark of its activity in eroding bone is the finding of resorption pits and boring channels whose walls are sharp and well calcified up to the free edge, suggesting that bone resorption affects crystallites and the organic matrix simultaneously. Unlike normal osteoclastic cells, the fungal membrane in contact with the bone shows no brush border. As the electron microscope reveals no migration of material to the fungal membrane and its protoplasm, the view is expressed that the material which reaches the fungus has been previously solubilized. There is good reason for supposing that a substance capable of solubilizing the inorganic bone fraction spreads freely through bone tissue, decalcifying the matrix, where, but only where, hyphae show the effects of ageing. All the findings are thoroughly discussed and compared with those furnished by the boring channels in fossil bone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 245-249 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Repair ; Histology ; Implant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Um modèle expérimental, destiné à l'étude de la cicatrisation osseuse, est mis au point. Il permet d'obtenir du tissu osseux pour des études qualitatives et quantitatives. Des tubes de nylon sont implantés dans l'alvéole d'incisives extraites de cobayes. Une étude histologique de coupes longitudinales montrent que les implants de nylon ne retardent pas la cicatrisation des lésions osseuses et contiennent suffisamment de tissus pour des études biochimiques.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein Modellsystem zum Studium der Knochenwiederherstellung entwickelt, mit Hilfe dessen man von dem sich wiederbildenden Knochengewebe Proben für die qualitative und quantitative Bestimmung entnehmen kann. Dazu wurden in die Alveolen extrahierter Schneidezähne von Meerschweinchen Nylonschläuchlein eingelegt. Die histologische Untersuchung von Längsschnitten zeigte, daß die Nylonimplantate den Wiederherstellungsprozeß des Knochendefektes nicht verzögerten, daß sie herauspräpariert werden konnten und genügend Gewebe enthielten, um für biochemische Untersuchungen verwendet zu werden.
    Notizen: Abstract A model system for the study of bone repair has been developed which allows the recovery of repairing osseous tissue for qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Nylon tubes were implanted in the alveoli of extracted incisors in guinea pigs. A histological study of longitudinal sections showed that the nylon implants did not delay the reparative processes of the bony defect, could be dissected out and contained sufficient tissue to be used in biochemical studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 45-54 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Fluoride ; Microhardness ; Mineralization ; Strength
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Microhardness was measured in sampling sites in the tibial diaphysis of control rats that received less than 1 ppm fluoride in the drinking water, and experimental rats that received 30, 90 and 120 ppm fluoride in the drinking water for 17 days. The latter dose was toxic, as evidenced by a decreased final body weight in this group. By means of tetracycline labelling, it was possible to measure bone hardness in four zones of increasing bone age: I) 3 days, II) 8 days, III) 13 days and IV) 22 days. Zones I through III represented bone formed during fluoride treatment, and Zone IV bone formed before fluoride treatment. In the control group, microhardness increased from Zone I to II, probably because mineral concentration was relatively low in Zone I, and remained constant thereafter. In the 90 and 120 ppm fluoride-treated groups, maximum microhardness was not achieved until Zone III. This delay was probably due to the fact that fluoride in large doses inhibits the rate of mineralization. In the 30 ppm fluoride-treated group, there was no delay in achievement of maximum microhardness; microhardness values in Zones I and III were greater than those in control animals, and microhardness in Zone III was higher than that in Zone IV. These results show that: 1) bone microhardness is increased in bone formed during fluoride treatment in rats given 30 ppm fluoride in the drinking water, 2) toxic doses of fluoride delay, but do not prevent achievement of normal maximum microhardness, and 3) changes in microhardness are seen only in bone formed during fluoride treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 71-76 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Calcium ; Deficiency ; Osteoporosis ; Species
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract 21-day-old rats and mice were fed a low-calcium diet (0.02% Ca) or a normal diet (0.5% Ca) for two weeks. Administration of the low-calcium diet resulted in greater decreases in femur ash content and serum calcium in rats than in mice. Microscopic examination revealed that metatarsal bones from a majority of the rats fed a low-calcium diet displayed moderate or severe osteoporotic changes whereas bones from mice were either normal or displayed only slight osteoporotic changes under the same experimental conditions. These results indicate that mice are better able to adapt to a low-calcium diet than are rats of the same age.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 111-123 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Fluoride ; Calcium ; Phosphorus ; Bone ; Periosteum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Une méthode d'estimation de la surface périostée de l'os en voie de minéralisation est mise au point et appliquée à des porcs recevant 2 mg de fluorure par Kg de poids et par jour pendant 10 mois. L'adjonction de fluor intervient significativement dans le cas d'une déficience en calcium et phosphore. La surface en voie de minéralisation est nettement réduite. Lorsque le calcium et phosphore sont normaux, l'addition de fluorure augmente nettement la surface en voie de minéralisation. Le microscope électronique à balayage permet de mettre en évidence au niveau de l'os une perte de l'orientation longitudinale des fibers et des surfaces poreuses irrégulières chez les animaux soumis au floor.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Zur Bestimmung der verkalkenden Oberfläche des Periosts wurde eine Methode entwickelt und bei Schweinen angewandt, welche während etwa 10 Monaten 2 mg Fluorid per kg Körpergewicht und per Tag erhalten hatten. Dieses zusätzliche Fluorid hatte eine signifikante Wirkung bei Calcium- und Phosphormangel. Die verkalkende Oberfläuche ging stark zurück, während jedoch, wenn kein Calcium- und Phosphormangel bestand, das zusätzliche Fluorid die verkalkende Oberfläche vergrößerte. Beobachtungen mit dem Raster-Elektronenmikroskop am Knochen zeigten, daß die Längsorientierung der Fasern fehlte und daß Knochen von mit Fluorid gefütterten Tieren unregelmäßige, poröse Oberflächen aufwiesen.
    Notizen: Abstract A method for estimating periosteal bone-mineralizing surface was developed and applied to swine fed 2 mg of fluoride/kg of body weight/day for about 10 months. Added fluoride interacted significantly with calcium and phosphorus deficiency. Mineralizing surface was greatly reduced, whereas when calcium and phosphorus were adequate, added fluoride greatly increased mineralizing surface. Scanning electron microscope observations of bone disclosed loss of longitudinal orientation of fibers and irregular porous surfaces in bone from fluoride-fed animals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 125-132 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Collagen ; Formic Acid ; Crosslinkages ; Cyanogen Bromide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Bovine and chicken bone collagens have been solubilized and presumably denatured (gelatin) by treatment of demineralized, powdered tissue with 70% formic acid. Short periods of extraction such as four hours at 30°, conditions commonly used during cyanogen bromide cleavage of collagen, solubilized 50% and 15% of the chicken and bovine bone collagens respectively. Treatment of the tissues with sodium borohydride partially inhibited the extraction of collagen from chicken bone, but had little effect on the extraction of calf bone collagen. The heterogeneity of the bone gelatin from both species on disc electrophoretic analysis suggested that peptide bonds had been cleaved in some of the collagen chains during exposure to formic acid, thus facilitating the solubilization of the bone collagen as the gelatin. Analysis of the collagen extracted from chicken bone for reducible crosslinks indicated that a large proportion of these bonds had remained intact, in contrast to a previous finding that most of these crosslinks were destroyed in bone gelatin extracted by 4 M CaCl2, at pH 7.0. The stability of the major reducible crosslinks in bone collagen to severe acid conditions may explain in part some of its unique properties, such as its failure to swell or be solubilized in dilute acid, which distinguish it from soft tissue collagens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 173-179 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Strength ; Tension ; Compression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A simple method is described for visualising regions of bone that have yielded in tension. The appearance of such regions is quite different from that of regions that have yielded in compression. The significance of these findings is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 189-199 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Densitometry ; X-ray ; Radiation ; Specific gravity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract X-ray and γ-radiation techniques for evaluating bone density under field conditions in cattle and sheep were investigated. The best results were obtained from measurements of the density of radiographs of tibial tarsal bones of sheep and from the absorption of γ-radiation of the tibial tarsal bones of sheep and the fibular tarsal bones of cattle. The γ-radiation techniques may be carried out rapidly under field conditions (up to 30 animals an hour) and bone density can be estimated with a standard error of 0.042–0.046 SG units.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 181-188 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Biopsy ; Bone ; Calcium ; Phosphorus ; Specific gravity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The specific gravities (SG) of bone samples taken from various parts of the skeleton of cattle and sheep were determined gravimetrically in an effort to establish which sites give the most reproducible and uniform results, so that between animals, or sequential within animals, comparisons may be made with maximum sensitivity. Samples obtained from the mandible of sheep and the rib of cattle and sheep were found to be too variable to be useful for most purposes. Best results were obtained using whole bones which are easily prepared, such as the tibial tarsal bones of cattle and sheep and the fibular tarsal bone of cattle. These bones gave within animal deviations of 0.012–0.024 SG units, when comparing left bone with right bone. Slightly higher values were obtained for coccygeal vertebrae from cattle and distal metacarpal condyles from sheep. SG was related to ash, calcium and phosphorus contents of coccygeal vertebrae of cattle and it is considered that, for survey work on the mineral status of the bones of cattle and sheep, the correlations are sufficiently high to make their determination unnecessary. This will enable radiation determined SG techniques to be applied to this type of work.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 335-338 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Fluoride ; Plasma ; Bone ; Age
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Fluoride analyses were carried out on blood samples from fasting subjects and on iliac crest biopsies obtained at autopsy, using an ion-selective electrode. Correlation coefficients of 0.53 and 0.67 respectively were determined between plasma fluoride and age, and bone fluoride and age. The proportionate rates of increase of fluoride levels in plasma and bone with age and the similarity of the correlation coefficients suggest that the fasting plasma fluoride concentration is in equilibrium with bone fluoride.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 305-313 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Osteosarcoma ; Lyophilization ; Induction ; Bone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Bone formation was induced by iso- and home-implantation of lyophilized mouse osteosarcoma, in which an osteogenic activity is observed. The inducing factor is present exclusively in osteosarcoma, such as BF and Gardner, while not in non-osteogenic tumors, such as Ehrlich ascites tumor (2N & 4N) or mouse mammary carcinoma. The production of bone was rapid and extensive. It usually occurred within 21 days, and the time required for osteogenesis was almost the same as that reported in previous studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 11-26 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Dentine ; Bone ; Collagen structure ; Collagen mineralization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary It has been previously shown that the distances between the nuclei within the collagen bundles of mineralizing tissues were in good agreement with the repeat distances of the cross-banding pattern of collagen, which supports the assumption that the distances between the mineral deposits reflect to a good approximation the distances between nucleation centres on the collagen macromolecule. However, the lateral separation of the nuclei were significantly higher than the distances between close-packed triple helices. Recently a new model of collagen aggregation has been proposed in which the smallest morphological units are subfibrils (Ø approx. 39 Å) packed in tetragonal array. This led us to measure once again the lateral separation between a) close-packed calcium phosphate needles lying in bundles at (1) the mineralizing front of mantle dentine and (2) at the mineralizing front of rat tail bone, and b) between the uranyl-lead nuclei produced in the staining of rat tail tendon. The mean lateral distances separating these nuclei fell within the range of 39–47 Å, which is a little higher than the distances of 39 Å which separate the microholes between the subfibrils in the tetragonal packing model, which are regarded as the likely sites of nucleation. If, however, it is assumed that the forces generated during mineralization can cause the collagen fibres to swell, then the lateral separation of the nuclei and the distances between the microholes would correspond very closely.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 142 (1974), S. 411-431 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Cells in secretory glands of globiferous pedicellariae from Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson) were studied with the electron microscope and subjected to preliminary light microscopic, histochemical analysis. Specimens for electron microscopic observation were fixed with chilled 2% glutaraldehyde in sea water postfixed in cold 1.33% osmic acid, and embedded in Araldite 502 epoxy resin Samples for histochemical analysis were fixed in the same manner, and then embedded in n-butylmethacrylate.Secretory cells line and fill partially bifurcated, muscular gland sacs located peripherally on each of three jaw elements comprising the pedicellarial head. Cells from venom glands are typically mucoid in appearance, possessing small volumes of basally displaced, vesiculated cytoplasm and an extensive system of vacuoles dominating the apical nine-tenths of each cell. These vacuoles enclose ground substances of various densities and staining affinities. Despite their extensive vacuolation, gland cells contain numerous cytomembrane complexes indicating metabolic activity just prior to fixation. Deciduous endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, large vacuoles, and various species of vesicles associated with these membrane systems are found in spatial proximity which indicates an apparent biosynthetic association.Preliminary histochemical tests on sections embedded in acrylic plastic indicate vacuolar products may consist of protein and nonsulfated acid mucosubstances.Gland cells are probably holocrine in function, releasing their vacuolar complement upon constriction of the muscular gland sac. There is no evidence indicating delivery of non-membrane bounded, granular secretion to an acellular lumen within the gland sac.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies demonstrate the stimulatory effect of synthetic salmon calcitonin on the fine structure of fibroblasts and on collagen formation in cutaneous wounds experimentally induced in rabbits. Long-term administration of calcitonin enhances fibroblast growth and collagen synthesis. The fibroblasts hypertrophy and exhibit a highly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), several polyribosomes, large nuclei, hypertrophic Golgi complex, and many dense granules and lysosomes. Mitochondria are elongate and ramify; intracellular as well as extracellular synthesis of collagen increases. Fibrils appear tightly packed, in large heaps or spicula, with a characteristic periodicity and striation.Scanning electron micrographs of topography and relationships with collagen fibers and fibrils and cells surface changes demonstrate an extensive network of fine fibrils between collagen fibers, marked ruffling of cell membranes as well as numerous blebs on the cell surface. The latter are significant in collagen formation and egestion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Sperm enter the anterior vas deferens individually in the spider crab male. There they become surrounded by secretion products from the cells of the vas deferens, and are compartmentalized into spermatophores of varying size. The anterior vas deferens can be divided into three regions. The epithelium of the anterior vas deferens varies regionally from low to high columnar. The cytoplasm contains vast arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes but few mitochondria. Intercellular spaces contain septate junctions, gap junctions and vesicles.Once the spermatophores have been formed in the anterior vas deferens, they are moved posteriorly to the middle vas deferens where they are stored and surrounded by seminal fluids. The epithelial cells of the middle vas deferens contain large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes. Numerous micropinocytotic vesicles appear, forming at the cell surface and within the apical cytoplasm. Their suggested function is the resorption of secretion products of the anterior vas deferens which initiated compartmentalization of the spermatozoa into spermatophores.The posterior vas deferens functions primarily as a storage center for spermatophores until they are released at the time of copulation. Seminal fluid surrounding the spermatophores is produced in this region as well as in the middle vas deferens. The cells of this region contain vast arrays of vesicular rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes. The cells are multinucleate. Microtubules are numerous throughout the length of the cells and appear to insert on the plasma membrane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 21-75 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Basicranial anatomy of mammalian carnivores is significant in the determination of carnivore evolution. One of the least understood yet most often studied features of the basicranium is the auditory bulla, a bony capsule enclosing the middle ear. Although previously believed to be formed by a tympanic bone alone, or by tympanic and entotympanic, it is shown here that the carnivore bulla is formed by three and in some cases four ontogenetic elements: tympanic, rostral entotympanic, caudal entotympanic(s). These elements in Carnivora appear to correspond to bulla elements discovered over 50 years ago by Van der Klaauw in representative species of several other orders of mammals.Increased auditory sensitivity appears to have been attained in various carnivore lineages by increase in the volume of the middle ear cavity, principally by hypertrophy of the caudal entotympanic, but also by different yet less common anatomical strategies such as invasion of the mastoid bone by the middle ear space. Five basic types of bulla among living Carnivora can be recognized, based largely on the relationship of the caudal entotympanic to the other bulla elements.Closely associated with the bulla in the auditory region are the median and promontory branches of the internal carotid artery. These branches exhibit a precise relationship to the bulla elements, particularly the rostral entotympanic. The promontory branch is much reduced or completely lacking in all living carnivores. Reduction or loss of the median branch is explained as the result of the development of arterial retia on the anastomotic artery in the orbital region. Reduction of the median branch is particularly characteristic of the aeluroid Carnivora, in which a greater proportion of the cerebral blood supply passes to the brain in the external carotid artery via the anastomotic branch, and is cooled in the orbital region by a countercurrent heat exchange mechanism formed by arterial retia closely associated with venous blood in surrounding sinuses. The arctoid and cynoid Carnivora are characterized by only rudimentary development of retia along the anastomotic artery, and the median branch is much better developed than in the aeluroids. Among arctoids, ursids parallel the aeluroids in the development of a countercurrent mechanism but employ the median branch of the internal carotid rather than the anastomotic branch of the external carotid artery.Bulla structure and nature of the carotid circulation in the auditory region can be determined from fossil Carnivora as well as for living forms. This study attempts to define basicranial anatomical patterns characteristic of living Carnivora which then can be used to trace the evolution of lineages in the fossil record.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 77-105 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The termite gut flagellates are of interest because of their unusual motile organelles, their ability to digest cellulose, and their symbiotic relationship with prokaryotes inhabiting the insect gut. This report provides a detailed ultrastructural description of Pyrsonympha from the hind-gut of Reticulitermes flavipes.The motile axostyle is composed of 2,000-4,000 microtubules connected by cross-bridges. At its anterior end, the axostyle is associated with a “primary row” of microtubules which is associated with a fibrous network. The “primary row” is embedded in a large mass of amorphous, electron-dense material occupying the furthest anterior end of the cell. The basal bodies of the eight flagella are also embedded in this presumptive microtubule-organizing center. The flagella are associated with the cell surface throughout their length. Isolation and reactivation of the axostyle has demonstrated that although ATP dependent motility is inherent in the structure of the axostyle, its proper control may be mediated by the attachment of the axostyle to structures at the anterior end of the cell.Pyrsonympha lacks morphologically distinguishable mitochondria and Golgi complexes. The cell surface is covered by unique, previously underscribed, tubular specializations. Symbiotic microorganisms are observed associated with the cell surface and within the cytoplasm.Wood particles are taken up from the gut fluid by large phagocytic vacuoles formed at the posterior end of the cell. Even during the process of breakdown, the wood is always enclosed within the membrane of the phagocytic vacuole.The Pyrsonympha from Reticulitermes flavipes are not attached to the lining of the hind-gut and do not contain an attachment organelle, unlike the Pyrsonympha from other species of Reticulitermes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 121-165 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The gecko ear was studied in 36 species belonging to 24 genera. This receptor has attained an advanced level of structure and performance in this group of lizards, but there are many variations among species. To a large extent these variations follow subfamily lines as represented in Kluge's system of classification.Brief consideration is given to features of the outer and middle ear, but chief concern is with inner ear structures and their relations to auditory sensitivity as represented by the cochlear potentials.The auditory papilla is segmented, with a dorsal portion whose hair cells have their ciliary tufts attached to a tectorial membrane, and a ventral portion in which these cells form tow assemblages, one with tectorial connections and the other with connections to a line of sallets.The dorsal segment varies greatly in length and in the form of ciliary orientation. In Eublepharinae and most Gekkoninae the ciliary orientation is unidirectional, and the degree of sensitivity relates to the length of this segment. In Diplodactylinae and Sphaerodactylinae the orientation is bidirectional, and this segment functionally hardly differs from the ventral segment.Auditory sensitivity as measured in terms of the cochlear potentials shows close relations with subfamily groupings, except for the Gekkoninae in which considerable diversity is found.The evidence from structural differentiation, along with that derived from the forms of the cochlear potential functions, leads to the suggestion that these ears possess a high degree of pitch discrimination and capability for the analysis of complex sounds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 25 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 167-185 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Mature mouse and cat peripheral nerve fibers have been examined in vitro by time-lapse photography. Some Schmidt-Lanterman clefts which were open at the start closed later; other were seen to open and then to close, some of them more than once. The implications of these movements are considered, especially in regard to the question of the passage of materials from the endoneurial connective tissue spaces to the axon.Myelin movements other than those occurring at the Schmidt-Lanterman clefts consisted primarily of the development and frequent regression of indentations of the myelin sheath. A single evagination was seen to develop and then to recede. These myelin movements suggest that previously described invaginations and evaginations of the myelin sheath, including flaps of “redundant myelin”, are not static but rather that they are in a state of movement, forming and regressing at intervals.The possible functional significance of the development and regression of myelin sheath indentations in relationship to axoplasmic flow is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 187-245 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The authors describe the spermiogenesis of Polyxenus lagurus, a diplopod, in the male genital ducts and the transformations the spermatozoon successively undergoes in the spermatheca.The spermatozoon in the male genital ducts looks like a little barrel devoid of centriole and of any kind of rudimentary flagellum whatever. The organelles are markedly modified; cross sections present an elongated, flattened nucleus, an X-shaped body running parallel to it on the opposite side and two longitudinal mitochondrial strips interposed between them. The rest of this barrel-shaped spermatozoon is filled with peculiar Golgi formations, the spongy chambers, which open outwards through little vents.In the spermatheca the spermatozoon is quite different: it is shaped like a long ribbon. The basic structure of the spermatozoon is formed by the double folding of part of the cortical layer of the barrel-shaped spermatozoon. On the central part of this endo-skeleton are longitudinally ranged the nucleus and the acrosome flanked on both sides by a thread of mitochondria. Even in this phase the sperm has no flagellum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 247-257 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Several secretory and nonsecretory enzymes were localized histochemically in the main venom gland of 13 viperid snakes. All secretory cells show the intracellular oxidative enzymes succinate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase. The granular reactions obtained for both enzymes resemble mitochondria in distribution. Distinctive cells with a very high succinate dehydrogenase activity are dispersed among the secretory cells of all species except Atractaspis.Nonspecific acid phosphatase activity is found in the supranuclear region of the secretory cells in species that do not secrete this enzyme and throughout the cytoplasm in snakes that secrete the enzyme. Nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity occurs in the secretory cells of those snakes whose venom shows this activity. Leucine amino peptidase (aryl amidase) activity is found in the venom and in the secretory cells of all the species.In Vipera palaestinae both the venom and the secretory cells of the main venom gland contain nonspecific esterase, L-amino acid oxidase and phosphodiesterase activities. The localization of phosphodiesterase and L-amino acid oxidase do not show major differences between glands at different intervals from an initial milking.Adenosine-monophosphate phosphatase activity is localized in the supranuclear region of the secretory cells in the glands of Vipera palaestinae and Aspis cerastes. Its activity is found in the venom of Aspis only.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 285-305 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The three dorsal ocelli of worker honeybees have been studied by light and electron microscopy. Each ocellus has a single flattened spheroidal lens and about 800 elongated retinular cells. Retinular cells are paired and form a two-part plate-like rhabdom between their distal processes. Each rhabdomere comprises parallel microvilli projecting laterally from the apposed retinular cells. Primary receptor cell axons synapse within the ocellus with ocellar nerve fibers of two different calibers. Each ocellus has eight thick fibers ca 10 m̈m in diameter and several thinner ones less than 3 m̈m in diameter. Fine structural evidence suggests that retinular axons end presynaptically on both types of ocellar nerve fibers. Since all retinular cells apparently synapse repeatedly with the thick fibers this involves a convergence of about 100:1. Thick fibers always terminate postsynaptically within the ocellus while thin fibers terminate presynaptically on other thin fibers, thick fibers or retinular axons. Structural evidence for synaptic polarization indicates that retinular cells and thick fibers are afferent, thin fibers efferent. Thus complex processing of the ocellar visual input can occur before the secondary neurons of the three ocelli converge to form the single short ocellar nerve which runs to the posterior forebrain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 307-335 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The functional morphology of the forelimbs of the following African Viverridae was studied, Atilax paludinosus, Bdeogale crassicauda, Civettictis civetta, Genetta genetta, G. tigrina, Helogale parvula, Herpestes ichneumon, H. sanguineus, Ichneumia albicauda, Mungos mungo, Nandinia binotata. Their locomotory behaviour has been previously studied and described and is related to morphological differences. The osteology of all the species and the myology of three species is described. The species have been assigned to primary locomotor categories on the basis of their locomotion. These are 1, climbing, arboreal walking; 2, arboreal and terrestrial walking and jumping; 3, general terrestrial walking and scrambling; and 4, trotting. In the climbing arboreal walking category the most distinctive morphological adaptations are powerful flexors and extensors as well as a flexible plantigrade manus with retractile claws. In the arboreal and terrestrial walking category the shoulder, elbow and carpal joints are flexible and the manus has retractile claws, though the flexor and extensor musculature is insufficiently developed for controlled climbing. The trotting category is characterised by a high humero-radial index and a rigid antibrachium. The foot is digitigrade with the claws short and stout. Species in the general walking and scrambling category show many differences in the morphology of their feet, even though the proximal parts of the forelimb appear similar. Due to the restricted nature of the adaptations, these species have been assigned to secondary locomotor categories. Morphological characters typical of the locomotor categories are summarized in the discussion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 142 (1974), S. 285-299 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The gastric mucosa of both the echidna and platypus is aglandular and the lining epithelium is stratified squamous. The latter exhibits three principle layers: stratum germinativum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum. The cytoplasm of cells composing the first two strata of both species shows bundles of tonofibrils and numerous free ribosomes. Cells of the stratum spinosum in the platypus also show numerous dense granules limited to the peripheral cytoplasm. The stratum spinosum of both species is comprised of fusiform-shaped cells whose adjacent cell membranes show extensive interlocking. The stratum spinosum of the echidna in addition shows numerous intercellular bridges. Cells of the stratum corneum become flattened and elongate and in the echidna nuclei near the surface appear to degenerate. Cells comprising the stratum corneum of the platypus exhibit well preserved nuclei and contain scattered large granules of varying electron density. Prior to sloughing, cells near the surface of both species show a separation of adjacent cell membranes. True keratinization is not found in the gastric lining epithelium of either species and the epithelium lining of the stomach of the echidna more closely represents a form of parakeratosis. Delicate papillae containing capillaries extend considerable distances into the overlying epithelium of both species and are thought to contribute to its nutrition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 142 (1974), S. 301-319 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The epidermis of Eisenia is covered by a cuticle and rests on a basement lamella. The cuticle, which is resistant to a variety of enzymes, is composed of non-striated, bundles of probable collagen fibers that are orthogonally oriented and are embedded in a proteoglycan matrix. The basement lamella consists of striated collagen fibers with a 560 Å major periodicity. Proximity and morphology suggest that the epidermis may contribute to both the cuticle and the basement lamella  -  that is, the single tissue may synthesize at least two types of collagen. The epidermis is a pseudostratified epithelium containing three major cell types (columnar, basal and gland) and a rare fourth type with apical cilia. The esophagus is lined by a simple cuticulated epithelium composed predominantly of a single cell type, which resembles the epidermal columnar cell. Rare gland cells occur in the esophageal epithelium, but basal cells are lacking.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 142 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 144 (1974), S. 143-165 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The cuticle of five species of Oligochaeta, chosen to represent differences in size and a variety of biotopes, was studied electron microscopically after fixation with the acrolein-TAPO-osmium tetroxide method. Five distinct layers in the cuticle of all studied species were found. Staining with lead and uranyl ions or with silver proteinate visualized basically the same structural components of the cuticle, but the degree of electron opacity and the distribution of the electron-opaque stain in these components differed according to the staining method used. Since the acrolein-TAPO-osmium tetroxide method visualized the cuticular zones preferentially stained by Thiéry's silver proteinate method, it was concluded that the TAPO method may be considered suitable for the visualization of polysaccharides. Staining with phosphotungstic acid provided some information on the composition of the cuticle of Oligochaeta not obtained by staining ultrathin sections with lead and uranyl ions nor with silver proteinate. The conclusion is that phosphotungstic acid binds to polysaccharides which do not contain vicglycol groups nor active sites responsible for the positive reaction with lead and uranyl salts. Structural components in the cuticle of the oligochaetes studied were characteristic for each species. The taxonomic value of such components, however, must be confirmed by examination of a larger number of species of oligochaetes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 54
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Laboratory-reared outgrowths of the freshwater sponge Corvomeyenia carolinensis Harrison were examined using histological and histochemical techniques, supplemented by phase contrast observations of cellular behavior. The tissue and cellular components of the spongillid outgrowth region were defined in terms of function and morphogenic state. Archeocytes differ considderably, in both histochemical and morphological characteristics, from other cell types of the adult sponge, being histochemically similar to stem cells reported from a variety of developmental series. Archeocytes exhibit cytological characteristics of unspecialized cells capable of high levels of synthetic activity while other cell types of C. carolinensis, for the most part, can be characterized as fully differentiated cells displaying more restricted synthetic capabilities but often accumulating neutral mucoproteins. The presence of aggregates of amebocytes, not identifiable as archeocytes and possibly engaged in gemmule formation, is discussed in terms of current concepts of gemmulation and cellular developmental capabilities in sponges.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 337-347 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Scanning electron microscopy revealed spores of Nosema apis and Thelohania fibrata to be egg-shaped, but only the mature spore of T. fibrata was shown to possess a horseshoe-like concavity at the posterior pole. Freezeetched preparations indicated that this concavity was due to a thin area of the spore coat. Freeze-etching studies also show spores of N. apis do possess an umbrella-shaped polaroplast, and a polar filament which is arranged in a double layer with over 30 coils. The spore of T. fibrata contains a pear-shaped arrangement of the polaroplast membrane, and a polar filament arranged in a single layer of 22 coils.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 142 (1974), S. 351-363 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Gill development begins on the sixth day of incubation at 10°C and is complete by 31 days (hatching). Gill arches are formed by fusion and perforation of ectoderm and endoderm across the pharyngeal wall. A primary branchial artery forms within each arch and a second branchial artery forms as a branch from its ventral end. A series of filament loop vessels forms connecting the two arteries and when several are patent a unidirectional blood flow is established via afferent (second) branchial artery, filament loop vessels to efferent (primary) branchial artery. Part of the efferent branchial artery just above its junction with the afferent branchial artery constricts and occludes. It is suggested that this change in the pattern of blood flow is dependent on differences in resistance of the two branchial arteries. A later extension of the gill ventrally is thought not to be homologous with similar regions in elasmobranchs and Acipenser.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 59
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies were conducted on the antennal sensory sensilla of the hymenopteran parasitoid, Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck, of the family Braconidae. Distinct morphological differences were found between the chemoreceptors of the male and female. Curved, non-fluted, thin-walled sensilla were found to be very abundant on the male and restricted in location and number on the female. Trichoid, placoid and fluted basiconic sensilla were numerous on the antennal flagella of both sexes. Smooth basiconic sensilla were restricted in number to one per flagellar segment in both sexes. Behavioral data suggest that bent-tipped, thick-walled sensilla unique to the female are involved in detecting a chemical(s) emitted from the host, Heliothis virescens (Fab.).
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 60
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Well preserved transitional cells were found between differentiated cells and horny cells of the frog epidermis, thus facilitating the study of the sequential events involved in horny cell formation. Autolysosomes appear to play an important role in the formation of horny cells. These structures preferentially digest those cytoplasmic components which are not necessary constituents of the terminal horny cell. The release of the contents of the small mucous granules into the intercellular spaces is one of the initial events in horny cell formation. Filaments and large mucous granules seem to be resistant to the lytic digestion and contribute to the bulk of the horny cell. Loss of fluids through the plasma membrane and consolidation of the remaining constituents, results in a flattened horny cell. The appearance of a thickened membrane around the horny cell signifies the completion of the transformation process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 142 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 62
  • 63
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The fiber constituents and connections of the calyces  -  the input-receiving regions  -  of the corpora pedunculata (“mushroom bodies”) were studied in reduced silver preparations from the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.). In the outer synaptic layer of the calyces five fiber classes were distinguished, the first three of which arise outside the mushroom body. (1) Four highly similar neurons with somata near the optic lobe branch into different parts of the ipsiateral protocerebrum, including both calyces. Their fibers are highly constant in arrangement and position and contain small nucleus-like bodies. (2) The tractus olfactorio-globularis (sensu lato) emits fiber groups which course along the calycal walls as “calycal tracts” before ultimately dissipating into the synaptic layer. Variability within these tracts is described. (3) Fibers of undertermined origin outside the mushroom body radiate from the calycal center outwards through the synaptic layer. (4) From the inner calycal layer of neurites belonging to intrinsic mushroom-body neurons, perpendicular collaterals enter the synaptic layer. (5) Intrinsic-neuron somata near the calycal rim emit fibers which course tangentially within the synaptic layer from calycal rim to center. These fibers form a special peripheral zone in the pedunculus.The predominant presumably afferent calycal fiber class is that derived from the tractus olfactorio-globularis. No evidence was found for tracts from optic lobe to calyces. On this basis, and in light of the experimental and comparative anatomical literature, it is suggested that the corpora pedunculata of P. americana and other pterygotes are fundamentally second-order antennal sensory processing centers.Conflicting observations in earlier reports are critically discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 65
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Die räumliche Anordnung der Polymermoleküle in einem Gegenstand ist von größter Wichtigkeit für sein mechanisches Verhalten. Es gibt inzwischen Verfahren, um die Polymermoleküle räumlich zu orientieren, z. B. das Verstrecken von Folien und das Spritzgießen in Formen mit rotierendem Kern.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 104-104 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 107-107 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 46-47 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 69
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    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 51-52 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 132-133 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 131-132 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 163-163 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 74
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 171-171 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 187-196 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Quartäre Ammonium- und Phosphoniumsalze katalysieren Reaktionen zwischen Substanzen, die sich teilweise in wäßriger, teilweise in organischer Phase befinden, Mit solchen Phasentransfer-Katalysatoren kann man viele Umsetzungen, die traditionell in wasserfreiem Medium durchgeführt werden, einfacher und schneller gestalten. Dazu gehören Carbenreaktionen, nucleophile Substitutionen, Alkylierungen von Ketonen und Nitrilen, Wittig- und Darzens-Reaktionen, Äther-Darstellung und Veresterung. Andere Reaktionen, z. B. Hydrolysen und Oxidationen, können beschleunigt werden.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 173-187 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Die Synthese von biologisch wichtigen Naturstoffen mit mehr oder minder kompliziertem Kohlenhydratanteil wirft erhebliche Probleme auf. Im vorliegenden Fortschrittsbericht wird über neuere Entwicklungen bei der Knüpfung der O-Glykosidbindung  -  ausgehend von 1-Halogenzuckern und von 1,2-Zuckerorthoestern  -  berichtet. Dabei wird versucht, aufgrund reaktions-mechanistischer Überlegungen vor allem den stereochemischen Ablauf von Glykosylierungsreaktionen besser zu verstehen. Die Untersuchung der Silbersalzabhängigkeit der Koenigs-Knorr-Synthese führte zu präparativen Verbesserungen des Verfahrens und zu neuen Vorstellungen über den Reaktionsablauf. Eine wesentliche Bereicherung der präparativen Möglichkeiten zur Synthese von trans-Glykosiden war die Einführung von 1,2-Zuckerorthoestern als Glykosylierungskomponente. Sehr bemerkenswerte Fortschritte sind vor allem auch bei der Synthese von cis-Glykosiden, u. a. durch Ausnutzung von neuartigen Nachbargruppeneffekten, zu verzeichnen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 105-106 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
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  • 80
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
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  • 81
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 276-278 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 279-280 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 136-136 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 85
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polymere Reagentien bieten eine Reihe einzigartiger Vorteile. Intramolekulare Reaktionen, z. B. die Cyclisierung von Peptiden oder Dieckmann-Cyclisierungen, lassen sich erzwingen, wenn eine Polymerkette in genügend großen Abständen mit dem reaktiven Molekül beladen wird. Verankert man reaktive Moleküle dagegen in kleinen Abständen an einem polymeren Träger, treten intermolekulare Reaktionen ein, wie am Beispiel einer Ketonsynthese demonstriert wird. Neben diesen Nachbarschaftseffekten lassen sich kooperative Effekte ausnutzen, z. B. bei der Bildung eines 2: 1-Komplexes aus einem Kronenäther und einem Alkalimetall-Ion. Am Beispiel der Hydrolyse eines Esters mit Polyvinylimidazol wird eingehend über hydrophobe Wechselwirkungen berichtet. Die einfache Trennung polymer-gebundener und niedermolekularer Verbindungen durch Filtration ist ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 278-279 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
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  • 87
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    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 308-309 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 89
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    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 274-274 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 275-276 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 207-208 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 229-231 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 385-385 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 241-242 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 349-349 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 350-350 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
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    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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