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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of cockroach behavior to environmental humidity change by dehydration (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 5 (1992), S. 479-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: cockroach ; humidity stimulus ; dehydration ; behavioral response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of dehydration on the behavioral response to humidity have been examined in the cockroach, Periplaneta americanaL. Under normal conditions cockroaches prefer lower humidity, but the preference is reversed by dehydration. Dehydrated cockroaches can distinguish smaller differences between two air streams compared with normal individuals. Cockroach behavioral responses to humidification include swing of antennae and locomotion. The period from onset of humidification to behavioral response decreases with increasing dehydration, indicating that the humidity threshold required for behavioral response decreases. Observed modulations of the behavioral response are discussed in relation to the contribution of the antennal hygroreceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01058193
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of the granular hemocytes of the Japanese horseshoe crabTachypleus tridentatus and immunocytochemical localization of clotting factors and antimicrobial substances (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 266 (1991), S. 137-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Clotting factors ; Antimicrobial substances ; Hemocytes ; Immunocytochemistry ; Tachypleus tridentatus (Chelicerata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of hemocytes in the normal state and during blood coagulation, and the intracellular localization of three clotting factors and two antimicrobial factors were examined in the Japanese horseshoe crabTachypleus tridentatus. Two types of hemocytes were found in the circulating blood: non-granular and granular hemocytes. The latter contained numerous dense granules classed into two major types: L- and D-granules. The L-granules were larger (up to 1.5 μm in diameter) and less electron-dense than the D-granules (less than 0.6 μm in diameter). The L-granules contained three clotting factors and one antimicrobial factor, whereas the D-granules exclusively contained the other antimicrobial factor. After treatment with endotoxin, the L-granules were released more rapidly than the D-granules, although almost all granules were finally exocytosed. The granular hemocyte possessed a single Golgi complex; possible precursor granules of L-granules and D-granules contained tubular and condensed dense material, respectively. These data are discussed in relation to the self-defense mechanisms of the horseshoe crab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00678720
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the visual system of the larva of the tiger beetle (Cicindela chinensis) (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ocellus ; Stemmata ; Photoreceptor cells ; Optic ganglia ; Neuropil ; Cicindela chinensis (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The visual system of the larval tiger beetle (Cicindela chinensis) consists of six (two large, two mediumsized, and two small) stemmata on either side of the head, and an underlying neuropil mass. Each stemma exhibits a corneal lens and an underlying rhabdom layer. Retinular cells extend single proximal axons into the neuropil mass. The neuropil mass has a flattened heart-shape, and consists of two juxtaposed identical structures, each being a neuropil complex of each of the two large stemmata. The complex consists of lamina and medulla neuropils. Most retinular axons terminate in the lamina neuropil. Axons of two types of lamina monopolar neurons descend parallel to each other into the lamina neuropil. Moreover, each lamina neuropil contains a single giant monopolar neuron. Possible centrifugal processes and tangential neurons also occur. Lamina monopolar axons descend straight into the medulla neuropil. Medulla neurons spread fan-shaped dendrites distally in the medulla neuropil and send single axons toward the protocerebrum. These data are discussed with respecct to the unique visual behavior of this larva and in comparison with other insect visual systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305784
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neural organization of the lamina neuropil of the larva of the tiger beetle (Cicindela chinensis) (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 135-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Neuropil ; Visual system ; Retinotopic pathways ; Cicindela chinensis (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Six neural elements, viz., retinular axons, a giant monopolar axon, straight descending processes (type I), lamina monopolar axons (type II), processes containing clusters of dense-core vesicles (type III), and processes coursing in various directions with varicosities (type IV), have been identified at the ultrastructural level in the lamina neuropil of the larval tiger beetle Cicindela chinensis. Retinular axons make presynaptic contact with all other types of processes. Type I and II processes possess many pre-and postsynaptic loci. Type II processes presumably constitute retinotopic afferent pathways. It remains uncertain whether type I processes are lamina monopolar axons or long retinular axons extending to the medullar neuropil. Type III processes may be efferent neurons or branches of afferent neurons contributing to local circuits. A giant monopolar axon extends many branches throughout the lamina neuropil; these branches are postsynaptic to retinular axons, and may be nonretinotopic and afferent. Type IV processes course obliquely in the neuropil, being postsynaptic to retinular axons, and presynaptic to type I processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305785
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neural organization of the lamina neuropil of the larva of the tiger beetle (Cicindela chinensis) (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 135-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Synapses – Neuropil – Visual system – Retinotopic pathways –Cicindela chinensis (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Six neural elements, viz., retinular axons, a giant monopolar axon, straight descending processes (type I), lamina monopolar axons (type II), processes containing clusters of dense-core vesicles (type III), and processes coursing in various directions with varicosities (type IV), have been identified at the ultrastructural level in the lamina neuropil of the larval tiger beetle Cicindela chinensis. Retinular axons make presynaptic contact with all other types of processes. Type I and II processes possess many pre- and postsynaptic loci. Type II processes presumably constitute retinotopic afferent pathways. It remains uncertain whether type I processes are lamina monopolar axons or long retinular axons extending to the medulla neuropil. Type III processes may be efferent neurons or branches of afferent neurons contributing to local circuits. A giant monopolar axon extends many branches throughout the lamina neuropil; these branches are postsynaptic to retinular axons, and may be non-retinotopic and afferent. Type IV processes course obliquely in the neuropil, being postsynaptic to retinular axons, and presynaptic to type I processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305785
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the visual system of the larva of the tiger beetle (Cicindela chinensi s) (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Ocellus – Stemmata – Photoreceptor cells – Optic ganglia – Neuropil –Cicindela chinensis (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The visual system of the larval tiger beetle (Cicindela chinensis) consists of six (two large, two medium-sized, and two small) stemmata on either side of the head, and an underlying neuropil mass. Each stemma exhibits a corneal lens and an underlying rhabdom layer. Retinular cells extend single proximal axons into the neuropil mass. The neuropil mass has a flattened heart-shape, and consists of two juxtaposed identical structures, each being a neuropil complex of each of the two large stemmata. The complex consists of lamina and medulla neuropils. Most retinular axons terminate in the lamina neuropil. Axons of two types of lamina monopolar neurons descend parallel to each other into the lamina neuropil. Moreover, each lamina neuropil contains a single giant monopolar neuron. Possible centrifugal processes and tangential neurons also occur. Lamina monopolar axons descend straight into the medulla neuropil. Medulla neurons spread fan-shaped dendrites distally in the medulla neuropil and send single axons toward the protocerebrum. These data are discussed with respecct to the unique visual behavior of this larva and in comparison with other insect visual systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305784
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the eyes of orb-weavers, Argiope amoena L. Koch (Aranea: Argiopidae) (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 435-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Photoreceptors ; Arthropod ; Spider (Argiope amoena) ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anterolateral eye, the posterolateral eye and the posteromedial eye of the web-building spider, Argiope amoena have been examined by light and electron microscopy. The dioptric apparatus of all three eyes is similar in structure, and consists of a cornea, a lens and a vitreous body. The retina contains monopolar receptor cells, the cell bodies of which are present beneath the vitreous body in all three eyes. Proximal processes of the receptor cells form rhabdoms beneath the cell body layer and then extend toward the first optic glomerulus as an ocellar nerve. Two distinct patterns of retinal organization are present in the three eyes. In one type the rhabdomic layer of the retina is backed by a pigmented layer. In the other type the rhabdomic layer is backed by a tapetal reflecting layer. Rhabdomic structure and cytoplasmic inclusions of the receptor cells differ greatly between the two types. The anterolateral eye possesses a single type of retina with the rhabdoms backed by the tapetum. Both the posterolateral and the posteromedial eye are similar in structure, each possessing beneath the common dioptric apparatus retinae of both types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224933
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the eyes of orb-weavers, Argiope amoena L. Koch (Araneae: Argiopidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 81-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Photoreceptor ; Arthropod ; Spider ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anteromedial eye of the web-building spider, Argiope amoena has been examined with light and electron microscopy. The eye consists of a cornea, a lens, a vitreous body and a retina. The retina contains 400 to 500 bipolar photoreceptor cells and pigment cells which envelop the receptor cells. Microvilli extend laterally from the distal process of each receptor cell beneath the vitreous body. The microvilli interdigitate with those from neighboring processes to form rhabdoms. Multivesicular bodies occur in the rhabdomeric portion, and in an intermediate segment, between the rhabdomeric portion and the receptor cell body, are found mixed lamellar vesicular bodies and lamellar bodies. A single axon extends from the receptor cell. The site of origin of the axon from the cell varies depending on the location of the cell in the retina. The axon originates on the intermediate segment, or on the lateral surface or proximal end of the cell body. The axons join together in the postero-dorsal region of the eye and then extend to the first optic glomerulus as an ocellar nerve of about 3 mm in length. The pigment cells, whose cell bodies lie among those of the receptor cells or the axons, possess cytoplasmic prolongations which reach up to the vitreous body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222056
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of functionally active chloroplasts is determined at a limited stage of leaf development in virescent mutants of rice (1991)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 12 (1991), S. 342-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Chloroplast biogenesis ; temperature-shift analysis ; gene expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The ability to form functionally active chloroplasts is determined at a certain early stage of leaf development in three non-allelic temperature-sensitive virescent mutants of rice. Temperature-shift analysis, together with anatomical observations, indicates that the intrinsic developmental signals of the virescent genes are expressed at the stage immediately following the formation of basic leaf structure, but just before the onset of leaf elongation. These signals control the expression of chloroplast-encoded genes but do not affect the subsequent morphological development of the leaf or the photo-regulation of the expression of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast proteins.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020120503
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the dorsal ocellus of the worker honeybee (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 143 (1974), S. 285-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The three dorsal ocelli of worker honeybees have been studied by light and electron microscopy. Each ocellus has a single flattened spheroidal lens and about 800 elongated retinular cells. Retinular cells are paired and form a two-part plate-like rhabdom between their distal processes. Each rhabdomere comprises parallel microvilli projecting laterally from the apposed retinular cells. Primary receptor cell axons synapse within the ocellus with ocellar nerve fibers of two different calibers. Each ocellus has eight thick fibers ca 10 m̈m in diameter and several thinner ones less than 3 m̈m in diameter. Fine structural evidence suggests that retinular axons end presynaptically on both types of ocellar nerve fibers. Since all retinular cells apparently synapse repeatedly with the thick fibers this involves a convergence of about 100:1. Thick fibers always terminate postsynaptically within the ocellus while thin fibers terminate presynaptically on other thin fibers, thick fibers or retinular axons. Structural evidence for synaptic polarization indicates that retinular cells and thick fibers are afferent, thin fibers efferent. Thus complex processing of the ocellar visual input can occur before the secondary neurons of the three ocelli converge to form the single short ocellar nerve which runs to the posterior forebrain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051430304
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