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  • 42.60  (90)
  • phosphorus
  • Springer  (148)
  • Copernicus
  • 1980-1984  (148)
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  • Springer  (148)
  • Copernicus
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vanadium oxidation as a result of cw CO2 laser irradiation in atmospheric air (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 68.55 ; 61.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract New results are reported concerning the vanadium oxidation by cw CO2 laser irradiation in air at atmospheric pressure. Particular emphasis is paid both to the initial stage and the development of the oxidation process under the action of the laser radiation. Some aspects are finally discussed concerning the quantitative theoretical interpretation of the experimentally recorded data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620638
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A subpicosecond dye laser pumped by a xenon ion laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 191-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A pulsed xenon ion laser has been used to pump a rhodamine 6G dye laser utilizing a ring resonator. The dye laser has been passively mode-locked; a pulsewidth of 0.5 ps and a 50 kW peak power have been obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697634
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optical klystron experiments for the ACO storage ring Free Electron Laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 207-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract To improve the gain in the Orsay storage ring Free Electron Laser (FEL) experiment, the 17 period permanent magnet undulator has been modified to form an optical klystron (OK). We report the measurement of spontaneous emission and the effects on it of energy spread and angular spread. Gain and laser induced bunch lengthening measurements with the OK are also reported and are in very good agreement with the FEL classical theory. The spontaneous emission spectrum which is easy to measure with good signal to noise ratio, turns out to be a very good diagnostic tool forenergy spread and angular spread measurements on storage rings. The factor of four increase in the small gain obtained by converting the undulator NOEL into an OK was the critical factor in the recent operation of the ACO storage ring laser above threshold.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697637
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CVL-pumped dye laser for spectroscopic application (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 33 ; 36
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A spectroscopic dye laser system-pumped by a Copper Vapor Laser (CVL)-has been built and optimized for different dye solutions operating in the spectral range from 530 to 890 nm. Conversion efficiencies up to 40% were reached in broad band operation, 24% with a prism expander grating cavity, and 20% in grazing incidence configuration, which operated at typical band widths of 3 GHz. Second harmonic generation (SHG) of the dye laser output produced tunable uv-radiation between 260 and 408 nm at conversion efficiencies ≦5%. Fundamental and SHG output were used for resonant ionization experiments in molecular beams.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697518
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transverse mode dynamics in a free-electron laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.20 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We derive the most general equations of motion for the electrons and the electromagnetic field in a free-electron laser including the effects of diffraction and pulse propagation. The field evolution is expressed in terms of the amplitudes and phases of a complete set of transverse modes. The analytic solution is given in the small-signal regime, where the theory is shown to be in excellent agreement with a recent experiment at Orsay.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690020
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tritium isotope separation by CO2-laser irradiation at low temperatures (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 83-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 82.50 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Tritium isotope separation by CO2-laser induced multiphoton dissociation of CTF3 is investigated. For the optimization of the performance of this working substance, trifluoromethane, the conditions to yield high-selectivity at high-operating pressure and low-critical fluence for complete dissociation are studied using our deconvolution procedure. The irradiation conditions are varied over the following ranges; wavenumber: 1052–1087 cm−1, gas temperature: 25°C to −78°C, CHF3 pressure: 5–205 Torr. The selectivities exceeding 104 are observed for 85–205 Torr CHF3 at −78°C by the irradiation at 1057 cm−1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688351
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mirror problems of a cw argon-ion laser at high output power (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 75-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.30 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We report upon some experiments done on a continuous-wave argon-ion laser which offers 300 W output power in the visible and 34 W in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, limited by the degradation of the resonator mirrors. To avoid destruction of the outcoupling mirror, a folded three-mirror instead of a two-mirror cavity was tried, resulting in nearly the same output power.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688349
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transient orientational grating technique for investigations of fast molecular relaxation processes (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 129-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 33.50 ; 42.10 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A theoretical description of a three-pulse transient grating technique is given where the pump pulses form orientational gratings. Including energy relaxation and angular reorientation the temporal behavior of the diffraction efficiency and energy transmission is discussed with respect to the dependence on the corresponding rate constants and the results are compared with experimental data for Rh6G and RhB. The polarization plane of the pulse diffracted by the grating is found to be rotated in dependence on its initial polarization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697505
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Small-signal gain of Free Electron Laser in a resonator Gaussian mode (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We present an analytical expression for the small-signal gain of a Free Electron Laser (FEL) in the presence of a Gaussian mode. To describe the electron beam evolution we use the one-dimensional (1-d) Vlasov equation. Our perturbation result, valid for small values of the parameterq (length of the undulatorL divided by the Rayleigh rangeZ R), can be extrapolated to values ofq≈4÷5.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697707
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Excimer-laser-pumped ps-dye laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 95-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Generation of single dye laser pulses of 12 ps pulse width (FWHM) and 1.2 mJ pulse energy is described using only one XeCl-excimer laser as pump source. At 1 Hz pulse repetition rate the stability of amplitude and pulse width of these pulses is excellent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688353
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Generation of coherent ultraviolet radiation in the 330 nm region by multiphoton excitation of sodium vapor (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We report the observation of coherent uv emission at 330.2±0.5 nm when sodium vapor in a heatpipe is irradiated with a pulsed visible dye laser with output wavelength in the 570–595 nm region. It is found that intense uv emission can be produced from Na atoms as well as from Na2 molecules. The excitation functions and their dependence on vapor density and laser power density are presented and the mechanisms for producing the emission are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688522
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-order harmonic mixing with Schottky diodes in the FIR region (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 199-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 07.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We report results of harmonic mixing experiments between millimetric oscillators and FIR laser radiations up to 3 THz, using micrometer-size Schottky-barrier diodes. Signal-to-noise ratios suitable for precise frequency counting have been obtained for harmonic numbers up to 40.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693927
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new blue-green XeF (C→A) excimer laser amplifier concept (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The feasibility of using the electrically excited XeF(C»A) excimer medium as an efficient wideband amplifier in the blue-green region of the spectrum has been investigated. Calculations show that for an intense blue-green optical flux input the amplification characteristics of XeF(C»A) improve, as a result of both bleaching of the pump induced absorbers and by additional production of XeF(C) level population. The removal of one of the major absorbing species, Xe** in the XeF (C»A) laser mixture by means of a pulsed ruby laser probe beam has been demonstrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693931
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of resonant laser light upon a fast-atom charge-exchange source (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 233-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 07.77 ; 34.50
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of resonant laser-light upon a charge-exchange source of eV-range sodium atoms is to decrease the Na kinetic energy by about 2 eV. The mechanism probably involves a reduction of the space charge in the low-energy ion precursors. The reduction is caused by electrons created in collisional ionization of laser-excited atoms. This is related to the well-known optogalvanic effect. A knowledge of the existence of this effect can be important for the design of experiments involving laser driven chemistry.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693932
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CW and pulsed FIR-CO2 hybrid laser with improved efficiency and amplitude stability at short FIR wavelengths (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract For the first time stable cw output of a FIR-CO2 hybrid laser has been achieved at wavelengths shorter than 300 μm. Due to the saturable absorber characteristic of the FIR laser gas, cw or pulsed emission is observed on both, the CO2 and the FIR laser output, depending on the operating conditions. Results are reported on different resonant lines in CH3OH and the 67 μm Raman line in NH3. The good efficiency of this laser is also demonstrated by the excitation of two new emission lines in CH3OH, namely 49 and 56 μm, pumped by 9R(22) and 9R(24), respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690022
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Laser photoion projector (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 33 ; 42.60 ; 82.50
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A laser photodesorption microscope has been applied to obtain 4×103-fold images of rhodamine crystals on a tip with a diameter of 66μm. Peculiarities of the formation of these images have been studied with different values of electric field strength on the tip and laser pulse intensities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690026
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dye-laser frequency stabilization using optical resonators (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 06 ; 07.60 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We describe a study, performed using heterodyne techniques, of the frequency fluctuations of two completely independent ring dye lasers locked to independent reference cavities. Single laser linewidths of less than 750 Hz were achieved, the principal limitation being residual vibrations from the noisy laboratory environment. With future design and environmental improvements, ultranarrow linewidths are expected thus providing a useful tool for a great variety of high precision experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688526
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Detection of free NH2(X 2 B 1) radicals by CARS spectroscopy (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 35 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract CARS spectra of NH3 and the free NH2-radical in the NH stretch region at 3334 and 3220 cm−1 have been obtained, respectively. The NH2 radicals were generated by laser photolysis of 0.5 mbar NH3 at 193 nm with an ArF-exciplex laser and detected by time resolved CARS spectroscopy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697330
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Frequency measurement chain to 30 THz using FIR schottky diodes and a submillimeter backward wave oscillator (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 06 ; 07.60 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An infrared frequency measurement chain is reported, the simplicity of which allows phase-coherent frequency measurements up to 30 THz. Frequency measurement is demonstrated on the 10P(28) line of the Lamb-dip stabilized13CO2-laser.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697949
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the high-voltage regime of the discharge in hollow-cathode tube (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 52.00 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A comparison of the operating characteristics of the high-voltage regime of the discharge in a hollow-cathode tube, the hollow-canthode discharge (HCD) and the discharge to a plane cathode are presented. The disappearnce of the hollow-cathode effect and the transition to a high-voltage discharge after inserting several anode rods into the cathode cylinder is exhibited. The similarity between the operating characteristics of such a high-voltage discharge and of a plane cathode discharge is shown. The loss of ions at the anode rods, as well at insulators or floating conductors is believed to be the reason behind the increase of the operating voltage and the disappearance of HCD characteristics. Practical means of increasing the operating voltage are mentioned.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690021
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An investigation of laser-induced fluorescence for measuring velocity distributions of neutral atoms using a CW dye laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 83-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 32.80 ; 42.60 ; 6.30
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The velocity distribution of evaporated Zr atoms has been measured by means of laser-induced fluorescence using a cw dye laser by scanning the laser line across the Doppler-broadened absorption line profile of the atoms. It is shown that the experimental data can be explained on the basis of an excitation theory for a three-level system developed from basic principles. It was calculated that the probability for an atom to be in the excited state mainly depends on the radiation-power density of the laser and on the residence time of the atom in the exciting laser light. It was found that the laser frequency must be well stabilized in order to meet the assumptions in the excitation calculation. Otherwise deviations to the theoretical predictions appear in the experimental results due to the jitter of the dye laser.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697427
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Independently controllable multiline emission from a TEA CO2 laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.50 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Spatial separation of wavelengths in a CO2-laser resonator helps to avoid competitions. We have achieved this by means of a nearly concentric resonator with a grating or prism in its center. Thus, we demonstrated independent multiline emission with a variety of output spectra. The temporal sequence of the lines was conveniently controlled by varying their losses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697699
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prospects for vapor-phase dye lasers (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 63-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 78.30 ; 78.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This review covers the field of vapor-phase dye lasers (VPDL) with special emphasis on prospects of gas lasers with optical pumping. Some peculiarities of the gaseous active medium and a possibility to control its density near the critical point are discussed. High specific laser energies (∼0.3J/cm−3), low thresholds, and high efficiencies (20–40%) made it possible to construct a powerful tunable VPDL.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688348
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A laser optical method for the determination of tropospheric OH concentrations (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.68 ; 42.80 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A long-path absorption procedure for the determination of tropospheric OH concentrations is described in detail. Initial measurements using this method were carried out in Frankfurt a. M. By including in the evaluation the visible radiation of a frequencydoubled dye laser used in the measurements, it was possible to mathematically reduce the signal fluctuations caused by the scattering and density fluctuations of tropospheric air. The resulting detection limit was 3×106 OH per cm3. SO2 concentrations which had to be simultaneously determined in order to eliminate an interference effect, could be detected in the range of 1–40 ppb on the absorption path.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688355
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantitative lidar at 532 nm for vertical extinction profiles and the effect of relative humidity (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 187-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.68 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An analysis of 532 nm lidar data is presented for the retrieval of vertical extinction profiles. The strong influence of the relative humidity on the extinction-to-backscatter ratio is parametrized for this purpose. A comparison is made between remotely sensed and locally measured extinction coefficients, using reference values in aircraft and at ground level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697633
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Energy transfer in slab dye lasers (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.55 ; 42.72
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A simple model of the energy transfer between a booster dye and the active dye in a flashlamp pumped planar waveguide dye laser is described. Analytical results are compared with experiments for several dyes in the 600–650 nm region. A twofold increase of laser output was found at a wavelength (630 nm) which is of particular interest for several applications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697425
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simultaneous phase-lock of five CO2 lasers to a primary Cs frequency standard (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.72 ; 42.80 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The output of a CO2 laser, operating on theP I(18) transition of13C16O2 at 26941 GHz (11.128 μm) was phase-locked to a 5 MHz signal from a primary Cs frequency standard by means of a frequency chain having only CO2 lasers as infrared sources. Simultaneously, four other CO2 lasers in the chain were phase-locked to the 26941 GHz output. This provided CO2 laser frequencies at 26 450 305, 26 940 815, 28 694 625, 29 442 480, and 33 185 715 MHz having zero long-term-average frequency error relative to the Cs standard, and the ±10−13 (≃3 Hz) long-term absolute uncertainty of the standard.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697698
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Self-phase locking in lasers with homogeneously broadened emission lines (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract It is shown by numerical analysis based on Lamb's equations of motion, that standing-wave lasers with purely homogeneously broadened emission lines exhibit regular multimode oscillations. Specifically, modes lying far from the line centre are quenched due to mode competition, and the amplitudes of the oscillating modes approach steady-state values. The stabilization of the amplitudes is normally accompanied, or followed, by an evolution of the phases towards a phase-locked regime, where the relative phasesψ n = 2φ n −φ n + 1 −φ n − 1 [φ n phase in then th mode, defined by (6)] attain either the value 0 or ± π. The build-up times for the relative phases are found to vary over a wide range.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688527
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Picosecond gain dynamics of KrF (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We describe the generation of excimer-laser pulses of 〈10 ps pulse width and up to 40 mJ pulse energy at 248.5 nm and their use in the measurement of ps gain dynamics in a KrF amplifier. Small-signal gain of 〉2×104, saturation energy density of 2.0 mJ/cm2, and gain recovery time of 4 ns were measured. In contrast to XeCl* no short-gain rcovery time was found in KrF* and the stored inversion could be fully depleted bya single ps pulse.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697331
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Conditions for the harmonic-like and efficient amplitude modulation of the cw gaussian laser beam by means of a mechanical chopper (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The values of the chopping disc slot and mark space widths relative to the radius of the Gaussian beam are found, which achieve optimum harmonic-like and efficient amplitude modulation of the cw laser beam. The simple approximation for the waveform of the modulated laser power valid for these optimum or near optimum values of the chopping disc parameters is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697456
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Directional and wavelength sweep of distributed-feedback dye-laser pulses (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 29-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Directional and wavelength sweep of a pulse train from a distributed-feedback dye laser is studied and found not to be a thermal effect, rather a gain-induced one. The directional sweep can be used for single-pulse selection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697461
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nutrient enrichment of Cabo Frio (Brasil) sea water for phytoplankton mass production (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 111 (1984), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): nutrient enrichment ; yield coefficient ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; mass culturing ; phytoplankton ; sea water
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Natural phytoplankton of Cabo Frio area was grown in 42 m-deep artificially upwelled seawater enriched with increasing concentrations of nitrogen or phosphorus. Respective values allowing maximum biomass, maximum uptake of initial reserve and maximum yield coefficient are rather conflicting. Notwithstanding, respective values of 75 µg at 1−1 nitrogen and 5 µg at 1−1 phosphorus, and therefore N:P = 15, appeared to be the best compromise for initial nutrient levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007380
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of phosphorus and nitrogen enrichment on the phytoplankton in a tropical reservoir (Lobo Reservoir, Brazil) (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 118 (1984), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): enrichment ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; phytoplankton ; tropical reservoir
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of enrichment with phosphate (0–500 µg. 1−1) and forms of nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia an and urea) (0–3500 µgg. −1) on the phytoplankton growth of Lobo Reservoir (Brazil) were studied in July, 1979. Suspended matter, chlorophyll a, cell concentrations and the carotenoid:cchlorophyll ratio were estimated following 14 days of ‘in situ’ incubation. Phosphate alone caused no significant effects, but enrichment with nitrogen caused a substantial increase on the growth of phytoplankton. Comparison between the different forms of nitrogen showed insignificant effects after their additions with 350 µg. −1 and in combination with phosphate. However, when nitrogen was added in large quantities (3 500 µg. −1), significant differences between the nitrogeneous forms were found, with urea causing the strongest effect. In July, nitrogen is mhe main limiting nutrient to phytoplankton growth of Lobo Reservoir.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021041
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen fertilizer use in rainfed agriculture (1984)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 5 (1984), S. 371-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): nitrogen ; phosphorus ; dry areas ; apparent recovery fraction ; fertilizer management
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Agronomic efficiency (AE) is defined as the increase in economic yield of a crop per unit fertilizer applied. Components of AE are physiological efficiency and apparent recovery fraction. The latter can be further separated into uptake efficiency and availability index. Ways to increase the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in rainfed agriculture through fertilizer management are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049117
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of winter harvest on water and sediment chemistry in a stand of reed (Phragmites australis) (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 112 (1984), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): reed ; harvest ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; redox potential ; oxygen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract An investigation of the effects of repeated winter harvest and removal of dry reed culms on water and sediment chemistry was made in a shallow lake dominated by closed, monospecific reed stands. The oxygen concentration and redox potential in the water, as well as temperature, showed regular diurnal fluctuations inside the reed stands. Ammonium and nitrate + nitrite did not exhibit diurnal fluctuations and differences between a harvested and an unharvested reed area were small. Molybdate reactive phosphorus (MRP) concentration was higher in the unharvested area. Because the winter harvest caused an almost doubling of shoot production compared to the unharvested area, net addition of reed litter (leaves, stubble and culms) to the sediment of the harvested area was similar to that of the unharvested area. It is concluded that removal of reed culms in winter has the largest effect on microclimate in spring, and that the rate of mineralization and reducing intensity in the substrate are not immediately affected. Significantly higher summer standing crop of reed after harvest may have caused lower phosphate concentration in the water column and sediment interstitial water.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006917
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The lanthanideβ″ aluminas (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 159-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 66.30 ; 61.70 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The entire sodium ion content of sodiumβ″ alumina (Na1.67Mg0.67Al10.33O17) can be replaced with a variety of lanthanide ions by simple diffusion reactions at moderate temperatures (500–700°C). Lanthanideβ″ alumina crystals are hard, clear, chemically stable, and have well-defined crystal structures. The fluorescence spectrum of Nd3+ inβ″ alumina is similar to that in YAG. The lifetime of the4 F 3/2 state of Nd3+ in completely-exchangedβ″ alumina (350μs at 1021 Nd3+ cm−3) is about 45% longer than in YAG (240μs at 1020Nd3+ cm−3). The lanthanideβ″ aluminas may be of considerable interest as new phosphor and laser host materials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616612
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Incorporation of oxygen atoms into As+ implanted silicon during cw CO2 laser annealing in O2 (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 71-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 61.80 ; 78.50
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract By annealing Si layers amorphised by ion-implantation with a cw CO2 laser beam in oxygen rich environments, it has been possible to incorporate O atoms into the recrystallized lattice. Absorption measurements on such regrown layers by infrared spectrometry have shown that the impurities are preferentially bonded into substitutional lattice sites, rather than existing interstitially. Supplementary RHEED studies have indicated thatβ-cristobalite, a crystalline form of SiO2, has been formed. These investigations highlight the importance of the ambient during cw laser annealing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616307
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermochemical instability of transparent media induced by an absorbing inclusion (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 82.50 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The initial stage of thermochemical instability induced by an absorbing inclusion within a transparent matrix, which irradiated by a laser beam, is studied. The instability results in a low threshold (formally non-threshold) optical breakdown of the matrix. It is brought about by the additional absorption of the laser light by the products of the chemical reactions in the matrix. The instability is characterized by a certain induction time when the rate of the chemical reactions is almost steady. When the induction is over, their rate rapidly increases. Theoretical estimate of the induction time are offered. The experimental study of the induction time dependence on the laser-beam intensity confirmed the theoretical estimation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702603
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of LiF crystals with F 2 − colour centers (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract It is shown that LiF crystals with F 2 − colour centers may be used in lasers for cavity Q-switching and in high-power Nd: glass laser systems for, increasing the contrast and the self-excitation threshold. Also Lif crystals with F 2 − centers are successfully used for the generation of ultrashort pulses, for the generation of difference frequencies in the ir spectral range and in intracavity spectroscopy experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688843
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theory of synchronously pumped dye lasers (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An analysis of cw synchronously pumped dye lasers is presented. Under the assumption that the cavity (tuning element) bandwidth is much wider than the bandwidth of the transform limited pulses generated, the pulse forming dynamics is rigorously treated. It is shown that for a finite mismatch between the lengths of the dye and the pump lasers, a steady-state pulse develops in the dye laser cavity with a conserved pulseshape. The characteristics (energy, shape, peak power, duration) of these pulses of ultimate width are quantitatively determined as a function of cavity mismatch. An analytical solution for the pulse envelope is determined, which yieldsI(t)∝Sech2(t/t p ) to a good approximation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695468
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amplification and measurement of single 1.6–3.5 ps Pulses generated by a distributed feedback dye laser (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We have shown that distributed feedback dye lasers are capable of generating single transform-limited pulses of 1.6–3.5 ps duration when pumped by a mode-locked Nd: YAG laser. A short-pulse amplifier has been constructed in which the level of amplified spontaneous emission could be kept below 10−3 by properly taking into account the polarization anisotropy of the gain and by precise timing of the pump pulses. A sensitive autocorrelator is described which allows to measure pulse duration in a single shot.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693898
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A discussion of the problem of determining multiple lifetimes from picosecond absorption recovery data as encountered in two carbocyanine dyes (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 235-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 61.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Absorption recovery kinetics data on the picosecond time-scale of a high signalto-noise ratio can be obtained by using continuously operating synchronously modelocked dye lasers. We show that such data make it possible to determine multiple exponential decays with small differences in rate constants. We also show that an absolute prerequisite to accomplish this is that the measurements are performed at a number of different wavelengths, and that the decays are monitored in a time interval corresponding to several lifetimes. These considerations are demonstrated by measurements on two carbocyanine dyes, DQOCI and pinacyanol, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690794
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Short uv laser pulse generation by quenching of resonator transients (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 123-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Short (〈0.5 ns) ultraviolet laser pulse generation by quenching of resonator transients is described. An output energy of 100–150 nJ at λ=340 nm is obtained using a pump energy of only 5–7 mJ at 308 nm. This pulse was amplified up to 100 μJ by a two stage amplifier.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688817
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Laser atomic photoionization spectral analysis of element traces (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 161-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 32 ; 42.50 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A new method for determining trace amounts of elements in a substance has been developed. It is based on thermal evaporation and atomization of a substance in vacuum and detection of the released trace atoms by the laser stepwise photoionization technique. A rather effective way of detecting atoms is their multistep excitation to Rydberg states by the radiation of tunable dye lasers with their subsequent ionization by electric field pulses. The analytical laser spectrometer consisting of several tunable, pulsed dye lasers, a vacuum chamber with an atomizer and a recording system is described. The microimpurities of elements have been detected in pure materials: the contents of Na impurities in CdS crystals (2×10−6%) and Al impurities in germanium (2×10−7%). The detection limit of about 10−9% was determined. A technique for direct determination of the content of elements in natural water and human blood is described. A high sensitivity, universality and other merits of the method enable it to be used in determining traces of many important elements at a level of 10−8 to 10−11% almost in any matrix.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688402
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A cw uv copper hollow cathode laser in the 260 nm region (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 127-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A cw uv copper hollow cathode laser is described, which could be operated for a longer time duration with an output power of 7 mW in the 260 nm region. A double-cathode configuration with a protection for the mirrors from metal-vapour deposition is presented. Characteristics of the laser output power, the spontaneous emission, and the ion densities in the negative glow were measured as depending on the discharge current, the neon gas pressure, and the size of the cathode slit. The observed saturation of the laser output power at high discharge current (1 A/cm2) and the optimum slot size are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688818
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Proposal for the measuring molecular velocity vector with single-pulse coherent Raman spectroscopy (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 49-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Methods for simultaneous measurements of more than one flow velocity component using coherent Raman spectroscopy are proposed. It is demonstrated that using a kilowatt broad-band probe pulse (3–30 GHz) along with a megawatt narrow-band pump pulse (∼100 MHz), coherent Raman signal resulting from a single laser pulse is sufficient to produce a high-resolution Raman spectrum for a velocity measurement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688776
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Further study of continuous-wave CO flame chemical laser of the CS2/O2/N2O type (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This report describes an experimental examination of the output characteristics of the continuous-wave (cw) carbon monoxide flame chemical laser (FCL) of the CS2/O2/N2O type in case of small CS2/O2 reactants ratios (tipically CS2/O2≦1/10). A linear burner which gives a homogeneous and stable flame was used during the experimental study. The measurements of temperature distribution in CS2/O2 as well as CS2/O2/N2O flames show maximum temperatures of 1040 and 890 K, respectively. The addition of nitrous oxide (N2O) leads to dramatically enhanced output laser power caused primarily by V−V transfer processes. A chemical efficiency, based on the reaction O+CS→CO*+S, of 3% was achieved. The spectral composition of the CO FCL of the CS2/O2/N2O type shows lasing in the region from 5.130 to 5.586 μm. Experimental results were obtained with a nondispersive optical cavity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692655
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Laser isotope separation of tritium from deuterium: CO2-laser-induced multiphoton dissociation of C2TF5 in C2DF5 (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 33-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 82.50 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Isotope separation of tritium from deuterium in heavy water was attempted by CO2-laser-induced, highly-selective multiphoton dissociation of C2TF5 present in C2DF5. Single-step T/D separation factors exceeding 3000, 1000, and 500 were attained, respectively, for the first time with CO2 laser 10P(34) 931.0 cm−1 at 10, 20, and 30 Torr pentafluoroethane pressures at −78 °C (i.e., equivalent to 15, 30, and 45 Torr at room temperature).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688772
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bistable operation of a dual-wavelength synchronously mode-locked cw dye laser (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 7-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Bistable operation of a dual-wavelength synchronously mode-locked cw dye laser is reported. Wavelength switching is found to depend on the pump power and the dye laser cavity lengths.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688767
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Monitoring of the stratospheric ozone layer by laser radar (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 92.60T ; 92.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Monitoring of the height distribution of atmospheric ozone up to 50 km is being performed with a ground-based lidar system, which has been in operation since October 1982 on the summit of Zugspitze in the German Alps. Daily and monthly averages of the ozone profile are being obtained with high precision. Furthermore, stratospheric aerosol layers, originating from the eruption of El Chichon volcano in Mexico in sping 1982 are being recorded.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688815
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Picosecond light-pulses tunable from the violet to the near infrared (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.65.C
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract System parameters of an optical parametric generator pumped by the third harmonic of a Nd:glass laser are presented. The tuning range extends from 5700 to 22,700 cm−1; i.e., it covers a frequency range of 17,000 cm−1. Experimental data on spectral bandwidths, conversion efficiencies, and pulse shape are discussed. A pump beam with a divergence of four degrees simultaneously generates the entire visible spectrum (blue to red) separated by the angle of emission.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688774
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Picosecond spectroscopy of intermolecular interactions in dye solutions (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 07.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Some new experimental data on the time development of ultrashort superfluorescence (SF) in the dye solution are presented. The correlation between temporal behaviour change and the change of the spectral and spatial intensity distribution gives direct evidence of the important role of the selffocusing phenomenon in the formation of the ultrashort SF pulse synchronized with the pumping one. The oriental relaxation of solvent molecules in the dye solution not only influences the duration of the dye SF via the selffocusing mechanism but also causes a temporal change of spontaneous emission spectrum. At least two different relaxation times were found in the fluorescence spectrum of the dye in several polar solutions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688484
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Waveform of the amplitude modulated laser light by means of a mechanical chopper (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The model which reproduces accurately and conveniently the waveform of the amplitude modulated cw laser light in the TEM00 mode by a mechanical chopper is developed. It is found that its predictions are in good agreement with the strict, completely accurate but rather lengthy and inconvenient treatment and with the experiment. The criterion for the efficient amplitude modulation of the laser light by a mechanical chopper is formulated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688816
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Magnetic field effect measurements by time-selective absorption sampling (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 15-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 35 ; 07.65 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An absorption method which permits time-selective measurements at different wavelengths has been developed in order to explore magnetic field effects on photoinduced electron transfer reactions in linked and unlinked donor-acceptor systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693901
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The bi-directional amplifier in the constant intensity approximation and its application to KrF lasers (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 5-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Bi-directional and folded laser amplifiers are analysed in the constant intensity approximation. Simple analytical expressions are developed for gain, output intensity and extraction efficiency. The analysis is applied to electron-beam pumped KrF lasers and expressions for saturation intensity, small-signal gain coefficient and intrinsic efficiency in terms of gas composition and pump power per unit volume are given. The problem of fluorine burn-up in KrF lasers is discussed. Under certain conditions the analysis is shown to be equally applicable to oscillators and comparison is made with previous experimental results and computer code predictions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692651
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fertilization with phosphorus and nitrogen in young spruce stands (Picea abies Karst.) (1983)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 4 (1983), S. 155-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): nitrogen ; phosphorus ; fertilization ; Norway spruce ; quartz-porphyry site ; reforestation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Growth of young Norway spruce plantations on quartz-porphyry sites can be improved by applying phosphorus fertilizer as this acid parent rock is extremely poor in phosphorus. If fertilization is performed in connection with reforestation, the increment in height and volume of the developing crop increases for a period of about ten years. Additional liming prolongs the duration of the P-fertilization effect up to 20 years. Liming stabilizes phosphorus in an available form in the humus layer and upper soil horizon. Nitrogen deficiency occurs only 10 to 15 years after planting and N applied up to then has no positive effect on spruce growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053253
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Response of mango (Mangifera indica L) to foliar application of phosphorus (1983)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 4 (1983), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): mango ; foliar spray ; orthophosphoric acid ; phosphorus ; urea ; utilisation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Orthophosphoric acid (0.5%) was sprayed along with and without 2 per cent urea on the mango (Mangifera indica L) cv. Langra trees in the months of September, November or March as well as in all the three months. There was an improvement of fruit set in the sprayed treatments which was high after March sprays. Significantly higher yields were obtained in triple spray treatments along with urea. The percentage of phosphorus in the fruits was raised by the sprays. The yield of phosphorus in the fruits was highest in March spray treatment and progressively less in November and September spray treatments. It was concluded that the urea given along with phosphorus improved the utilisation of phosphorus in the fruits by providing a better balance of nutrients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049484
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phosphorus limitation in some tropical African lakes (1983)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 100 (1983), S. 101-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): nutrient limitation ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; phytoplankton biomass ; tropical lakes ; Kenya
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two of three Kenyan lakes studied between November 1979 and October 1980 have very short 33PO4 turnover times, indicating a high phosphorus (P) demand throughout the year. The P turnover time in Lakes Oloidien and Sonachi is as rapid as in the most P deficient temperate zone lakes. The third lake, Lake Naivasha, has a lower overall P demand and a wide seasonal range, with lowest demand between November 1979 and February 1980 when a P deficiency was unlikely. On an annual basis the Lake Naivasha status is, however, not statistically different from that recorded during the summer in Lake Memphremagog, a generally P-limited temperate zone lake. Lake Naivasha and Lake Oloidien fit well to the line of best fit for the Dillon-Rigler relationship relating total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a derived in temperate zone lakes. Thus, temperate zone models predicting aspects of lake behaviour on the basis of TP may also be applicable to these two tropical lakes. Saline lake Sonachi had not only a short P turnover time but also responded dramatically to the fertilization of enclosures with P. However, it does not fit the TP-chla or the total nitrogen-chla plots from the temperate zone. This suggests that, in this saline lake at least, much of the TP is unavailable to the algae, with some of it in a particulate form that is readily extracted with boiling water. The epilimnetic N:P ratios also characterize lakes Oloidien and Sonachi lakes as highly P deficient and lake Naivasha as more moderately P limited. A single set of measurements in Winam Gulf (Lake Victoria) also showed a rapid P turnover time and thus P limitation, but as in lake Sonachi much of the TP was in a non-algal particulate form. Occasional measurements in three other hypertrophic and saline lakes suggest them to be primarily light limited on the basis of their very high photosynthetic cover. These findings support the hypothesis of a primary P limitation for those lakes not light limited, and contradicts literature suggestions that nitrogen is the primary limiting element in tropical lakes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027425
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ammonia nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus excretion by the planktonic rotifers (1983)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): rotifers ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; excretion ; temperature ; body weight
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two series of experiments were carried out to determine the relation of the rate of phosphorus and nitrogen excretion by the planktonic rotifers to ambient temperature and individual body weights of these animals. The following formulas describing this relation were obtained: EP=0.0154 W−1.27 e0.096T EN=0.0879 W−1.01 e0.088 T, where EP and EN denote the rate of P and N excretion, respectively, in µg · mg dry wt−1 · h−1, W is body weight in µg dry weight, and T is temperature in °C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00045973
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Origin and production of phosphatases in the acid Lake Gårdsjön (1983)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 101 (1983), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): forest water ecosystems ; phosphatases ; phosphorus ; phosphatase budget ; acid lakes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The activity of acid phosphatases was followed for one year in Lake Gårdsjön as well as in the inlet and the outlet of the lake. A budget of the phosphatases was calculated, including an estimation of the production of phosphatases. The phosphatase activity was also measured in two basins upstream of L. Gårdsjön: the north basin and the south basin of L. Stora Hästevatten. The acid phosphatase activity was very high compared with reported alkaline phosphatase activities in other lakes. About 95% of the phosphatases in L. Gårdsjön was produced in the lake, and the production was highest in early summer. Small Chrysophyceae (〈 10 µm) probably produced the majority of the acid phosphatases in the investigated lakes, and accordingly could be favoured in environments with low phosphorus supply due to their ability to produce large amounts of phosphatases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008656
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Algal dynamics and nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in a cypress stand in the seasonally flooded Great Dismal Swamp (1983)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 106 (1983), S. 115-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): cypress swamp ; nitrogen ; nutrient cycling ; periphytic algae ; phosphorus ; phytoplankton
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Both periphytic and planktonic algae are found in areas of the seasonally flooded Great Dismal Swamp (Virginia, U.S.A.). The dynamics of these algae were studied in a cypress stand and the periphytic algae appeared to be important as nutrient conservers. Clear temporal patterns in phytoplankton dominance were also observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006743
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Seasonal distribution of quantities of phosphorus in different component organs of mango (Mangifera indica L) CV Langra (1983)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 4 (1983), S. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): phosphorus ; proportion ; mango ; whole tree ; leaves ; bark ; wood ; roots
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Quantities of phosphorus present in different component parts of mango trees were estimated from July 1977 to June 1978 at the Horticultural Farm of the Gujarat Agricultural University, India. Because of high variation in the dry weight of the trees it was not possible to assess annual requirement of P by the trees. Hence a measure of comparability between P present in different months was sought to be established by expressing the quantity of P in a part of the tree as percentage of that in the whole tree.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053252
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Laser plasmas (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 290-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 50 ; 34 ; 32.50 ; 42.60 ; 61.80 ; 62 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697858
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CO2-laser isotope separation of tritium with pentafluoroethane-T (C2TF5) (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 82.50 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Isotope separation of tritium by CO2 laser-induced multiphoton dissociation (MPD) of C2TF5 is reported for the first time. The MPD spectrum obtained for C2TF5 comprised a broad peak at about 940 cm−1 where C2HF5 was nearly transparent. The unimolecular dissociation of C2TF5 was induced with much lower laser fluence than that for CTF3, another working molecule we proposed for laser isotope separation of tritium. The mechanisms and kinetics of the dissociation of C2TF5 and C2HF5 were investigated under various experimental conditions: laser frequency, pulse energy, pulse duration, tritium concentration, sample pressure, buffer gas pressure and irradiation geometry. Single-step separation factors exceeding 500 were achieved with the most efficientP(20) line in 00o–10o0 transition at 944.2 cm−1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686364
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Waveguide CW 118.6 μm H2O laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reports results of an experimental study of a cw 118.6 μm H2O waveguide laser. The laser cavity is a 3 cm inner diameter, 3.2 m long Pyrex tube, with plane reflectors against its ends, one of them being a copper mesh coupler. The active medium is a H2O:H2 gas mixture. Successive optimizations lead to a reliable output power of 50 mW, for the EH11 mode. The power density is the highest ever reported, and the stability is such that the power drifts by less than 2% per hour. This laser is competitive with the optically pumped 118.8 μm CH3OH laser.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694636
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Laser plasmas (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 186-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 52
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688664
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Extension of frequency measurements with Schottky diodes to the 4 THz range (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 167-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 07.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The 11th harmonic mixing signals between a 386 GHz oscillator and a 4.25 THz laser with a signal to noise ratio of 25 dB in 100 kHz bandwidth have been obtained with a Schottky diode.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697434
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    UV-laser induced photo-oxidation of aqueous benzene solutions: Formation of phenol (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 35 ; 36 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Aqueous solutions of benzene were irradiated by focussed KrF laser light. The formation of phenol together with varying amounts of 1.3-cyclopentadiene-1-carboxaldehyde was shown by uv absorption measurements. A mechanism for this photo-oxidation via benzene radical cations produced by 2-photon ionization of benzene is proposed. Comparative gas phase laser experiments and experiments with unfocussed laser beams were consistent with previous results using incoherent light sources.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697440
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Picosecond pulses and applications (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 172-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 07.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697843
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Generation, stabilization, and amplification of subpicosecond pulses (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 319-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 07.60 ; 07.65 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A sync-pumped cw dye laser system has been used to produce subpicosecond pulses. Pulses as short as 0.7 ps, assuming a single-sided exponential pulse shape, were observed. A set of experiments was performed to investigate the origin and effects of noise in the sync-pumped system. A digital and an analog feedback loop have been designed to optimize the pulse width. The noise has been lowered by 10 dB for frequencies up to 10 kHz; long-term drift is also controlled by this method. A four-stage dye laser amplifier, pumped by a Nd:YAG laser which operates at a 10-Hz repetition rate, is synchronized electronically to the dye-laser picosecond pulses. A gain of 3×106 has been achieved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686361
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simultaneous, spatially resolved monitoring of C2 and OH in a C2H2/O2 flame using a diode array detector (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 93-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 33 ; 42.60 ; 82.40
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Simultaneous, spatially resolved monitoring of C2 and OH in a flame is reported. Data could be captured in 10 ns employing two pulsed lasers and a diode array detector. Laser-production of C2 was also observed and a kinetic study of such molecules was performed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692769
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Free electron laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 157-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688657
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New lasers, VUV sources (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 198-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697846
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nonlinear laser spectroscopy (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 160-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 32 ; 35 ; 42.65 ; 32 ; 33 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688659
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Picosecond pulses and applications (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 176-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688661
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Laser action of C, N, O, F, Cl, and Br in hollow cathode discharges (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 34.70
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract C, N, O, F, Cl, and Br red and infrared laser emission was investigated using hollow cathode discharges in gas mixtures of helium and molecules containing the corresponding atoms. A total of 33 laser lines with wavelengths from 0.7 to 2.0μm was observed. Three laser lines of atomic C, five laser lines of atomic N, two laser lines of atomic Cl and five laser lines of atomic Br were observed for the first time. Dissociation charge transfer and dissociative excitation transfer are suggested as being responsible for populating the upper laser levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692772
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theory of passively mode-locked cw dye lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The circulation of an ultrashort light pulse in a continuously pumped modelocked dye laser with a linear cavity configuration containing the active dye, the saturable absorber and a bandwidth-limiting elements is treated. The steady-state condition that the pulse shape reproduces after each cavity round-trip leads to a nonlinear integro-differential equation for this pulse shape. An approximate method for the solution of this equation not limited to the case of low laser gain and small pulse energies is given. The stable single pulse region and characteristic pulse parameters, as energy, duration, intensity and asymmetry, are considered in dependence on the laser parameters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697557
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theory of the synchronously pumped picosecond dye laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 27-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The circulation of a synchronously mode locked dye laser pulse in a linear cavity configuration containing a dye cell as an active medium and a bandwidth-limiting element is treated. The condition that the pulse shape reproduces after each cavity round-trip provides a nonlinear integro-differential equation for the steady-state pulse shape. For the solution of this equation an approximate method, not limited to small pulse energies, is given and the pulse duration, intensity, energy, asymmetry of the pulse shape, stable regions and other interesting parameters are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697293
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 124-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697837
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    F-center-laser. Superconductivity (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 306-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 68 ; 42.70 ; 42.60 ; 61.70 ; 61.50 ; 42.80 ; 29
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697860
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    UV laser photochemistry of acetylene at 193 nm (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 183-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 35 ; 36 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract ArF laser photolysis of acetylene at 193 nm yields diacetylene, ethylene and hydrogen (besides a polymer). No benzene or vinylacetylene is formed. Photolysis with deuterium gives no deuterated compounds. These observations are taken as evidence for a pure excited-molecule mechanism based upon C2H 2 * (1 A u).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697438
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CW dye laser operation at 200 W pump power (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 19-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A continuously operating jet stream dye laser was pumped by a multiwavelength-multimode argon-ion-laser with a pump power up to 200 W. Rhodamine 6G-chloride was dissolved in a water-polyvinylalcohol-ammonyx solution. The dye laser was prism-tunable between 560 and 650 nm with maximum output power at 600 nm. The maximum output power of the cw dye laser was 43 W without tuning element and 33 W with a prism placed inside the cavity. Operation of a jet stream dye laser with a pump power higher than 200 W and an efficiency of about 30% seems to be possible.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694364
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New lasers and laser schemes (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Conclusion We have demonstrated the existence of an anomalous polarization coupling mechanism present in the injection locked TEA CO2 laser. As a direct consequence of this work, a new injection technique has been formulated which permits efficient injection coupling and maximises energy extraction whilst eliminating the detrimental optical feedback effects to which other injection locking systems are prone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688654
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of an optical time scale (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 63-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A time standard based on the use of an optical oscillation period of a frequencystable He−Ne laser as a time scale is first described. We obtained highly frequency-stable oscillations in the SHF range that were locked to the oscillations of a He−Ne laser stabilized to an absorption resonance in methane at 3.39 μm. A direct comparison of frequency stabilities of a rubidium standard and He−Ne/CH4 laser has been made. The absolute measurement of the frequency of the He−Ne/CH4 laser we performed gave a new value of frequency.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694370
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on unshaded Amazon cocoa in Nigeria (1982)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 3 (1982), S. 13-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): cocoa ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; soil analysis ; Nigeria
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract No extensive investigation on the effect of fertilizers on Amazon cocoa variety (Theobroma cacao L.) has been performed in Nigeria. Therefore eight fertilizer treatments involving nitrogen and phosphorus, replicated six times at four locations across southern Nigeria, were established in 1973. The four N levels (N0, N1, N2, N3) involved were 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha−1 y−1, and the two P levels (P0, P1) were 0 and 67 kg ha−1 y−1. Results of the first 5 years of fertilizer application are reported. Response to P was observed at all locations, and the response was statistically significant at 2 of the locations. There was no response to the application of nitrogen. The data suggest, however, that there is only a response to phosphorus when nitrogen is applied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01063405
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nutrient dependence of phytoplankton production in brown-water lakes with special reference to Lake Päijänne (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 86 (1982), S. 129-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): aquatic models ; phytoplankton primary production ; chlorophyll a ; phosphorus ; humic water
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A method for predicting the mean seasonal chlorophyll a concentration, the mean seasonal in vitro phytoplankton primary productivity per unit volume, the maximum daily production per unit volume and the seasonal integral production in brown-water lakes is presented. The production values can be calculated when the mean annual concentration of total phosphorus and the mean annual colour of the water are known. This method has been developed especially for practical water pollution studies to permit rapid and inexpensive estimates of major biological consequences of changes in effluent loads. The method can be applied for brown-water lakes where phosphorus is the limiting nutrient for primary production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005799
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The phosphorus economy of a hypertrophic seepage lake in Scania, south Sweden groundwater influence (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 86 (1982), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): lake water ; phosphorus ; sedimenting material ; groundwater ; water and nutrient budget ; hypertrophy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The phosphorus dynamics and economy of Lake Bysjön, a hypertrophic seepage lake in Scania, southern Sweden, were investigated during 1973–1977. The mean dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentration (1973–1977) was 580 µg · l−1. There were no correlations between dissolved inorganic P, total organic P, dissolved organic P, particulate P and phytoplankton biomass. Groundwater inflow and lake water outflow through the ground are the most important factors for maintaining a constant water volume. Groundwater seepage is also important for water quality. Groundwater inflow, together with planktonic activity, keeps the P concentration high in the lake water.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005803
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The fractionation of iron-phosphorus compounds in sediments studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 697-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): sediments ; Mössbauer spectroscopy ; iron ; phosphorus ; geochemistry ; analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Iron compounds of phosphorus form a large part of the phosphorus bound in sediments. Mössbauer spectroscopy is a technique that enables us to study, directly, chemical forms of iron in solid samples. Mössbauer spectroscopy allowed us to check, directly, the selectivity of the extraction scheme for soil phosphorus proposed by Chang & Jackson (1957), but only as far as the iron compounds are concerned. It appears that selectivity of the extraction method leaves much to be desired.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000069
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Algal-availability of particulate phosphorus from diffuse and point sources in the lower Great Lakes basin (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): phosphorus ; bioavailability ; point source ; diffuse source ; Great Lakes ; bioassay ; eutrophication
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Control of phytoplankton production in the Great Lakes can be achieved most efficiently by limiting inputs of biologically available P. We report the results of studies performed to characterize the chemical forms and availability of particulate P in wastewater and tributaries which enter the lower Lakes, the eroding bluffs which border Lake Erie, and bottom samples from the near-shore of western Lake Erie. Rates of release of available P were estimated from a simple first-order model of the process, as observed during algal bioassays. Available P in wastewater samples, as a fraction of total particulate P, was affected minimally by wastewater treatment, including chemical precipitation and filtration; it correlated well with levels of total particulate P. Available particulate P levels in fluvial suspended sediments showed regional uniformity, but appeared to be strongly dependent on levels of both NaOH-P and CDB-P. Rates of release of available P decreased during wastewater treatment to values which were similar in magnitude to those observed for fluvial sediments. Release rates, however, were not related to any of the particulate P fractions which were measured. Analysis of the bluff and bottom samples indicated that P availability in the former was negligible, but the latter contained levels which approached those of wastewater particulates, though available P was released from the bottom sediments at relatively low rates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940100
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acidified lakes: sediment treatment with sodium carbonate — a remedy? (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 537-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): lake acidification ; neutralization ; buffer capacity ; liming ; cation exchange ; humic sediment ; phosphorus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Until now, additions of lime have been used to restore the buffering capacity of acidified lakes, but an alternative method which is more effective in the treatment of lakes with organogenic sediments has recently been applied in a full-scale experiment. The method, called CONTRACID, is based on the cation exchange properties of lake sediment. A sodium carbonate (soda ash) solution is injected into the sediment (by a harrow), so that the sediment becomes sodium stocked. A reverse exchange occurs during subsequent acidification. Liming has a limited effect on humic lakes, since Ca-humates have a reduced reverse exchange ability and also the lime, which remains undissolved, is rendered inactive. Ionic exchange processes and nutrient transport were studied in water/sediment cores andin situ enclosures after additions of soda ash-, lye- and lime solutions with subsequent re-acidification. Sodium carbonate additions in laboratory systems resulted in a sorption to the sediment of 42–62% of the added sodium ions (5 eq m−2) and a release of 14–78 mg Pm−2 sediment. Similar results were obtained in the enclosures where phosphorus release stimulated algal growth. Sediment pH, elevated by the sodium base addition, was lowered by re-acidification. Limed systems released no phosphorus and only about 25% of the added lime remained active for future neutralization. With the injection of the sodium carbonate solution into the sediment, only about 12% of the added sodium was recovered in lake water by spring circulation. Lake water alkalinity was then 0.12 meq l−1 and pH 6.7. Total phosphorus had been raised by 0.007 mg P l−1 causing an increase in phytoplankton biomass. Observations indicate that manipulations of acidic lake sediment according to the CONTRACID method create a long-lasting neutralizing capacity and a biological stimulation (through phosphorus release), which makes the method an attractive alternative to frequent liming.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940142
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modelling the influence of bioturbation on the vertical distribution of sedimentary phosphorus in L. Esrom (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 197-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): bioturbation ; modelling ; sediment ; phosphorus ; Chironomus anthracinus ; Potamothrix hammoniensis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A multilayer sediment-water exchange model was used to evaluate the importance of bioturbation in the profundal sediments of L. Esrom. The temporal variation of the vertical distribution of sedimentary phosphorus fractions was modelled with an objective function of 1.50. Deviations between measured and simulated values occurred in the spring, where the measured pool of sedimentary phosphorus sharply declined in the surface sediments. The application of a model for the activity ofChironomus anthracinus based on biomass, oxygen consumption and temperature improved the model in the spring period. The downwards transport of easy-degradable surface sediments reduced the average release of sedimentary phosphorus from 12 mg P · m−2 · day−1 to 11 mg P · M−2 · day−1. The introduction of a similar model for the other important burrowing species in L. Esrom,Potamothrix hammoniensis, lowered the objective function to 1.37 and increased the average release to 12.5 mg P · m−2 · day−1. The minor role of bioturbation in sediment processes is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940110
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An analysis of total phosphorus transport in river systems (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 241-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): pollution ; rivers ; transport ; calculation ; phosphorus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Human activities generate many pollutants from different land uses. These pollutants include nutrients (e.g., phosphorus and nitrogen), toxic substances (e.g., heavy metals and pesticides), and other substances (e.g., chlorides and salts). These materials often enter a river at some upstream point and are transported downstream by the flowing water. Many substances are transported both during storms and during normal river flow and often the major portion of the transport occurs during the storms. This paper considers the quantification of transport primarily during storms. First, the characteristics of storm transport are discussed. Then, a calculation method for estimating the distance of travel for sediment related materials is presented. Third, a technique to estimate the amount of a given chemical passing a point in a stream over a specified period of time is presented. The last part of this paper contains a technique for tracing the movement of substances through a river network. In particular, this procedure yields information as to the source of given pollutants over the entire Storm period.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940115
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lake Trehörningen restoration project. Changes in water quality after sediment dredging (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 549-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): lake restoration ; sediment dredging ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; algal assays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract An increased load of domestic wastewater to Lake Trehörningen induced oxygen-poor water conditions and the development of a reduced sulphide-rich sediment layer. Severely polluted, the lake did not recover, even after advanced wastewater treatment and sewage diversion. Restoration measures with suction dredging and macrophyte elimination were applied in 1975 and 1976. The loose topmost sediment was pumped into an embanked and overgrown bay which was used as a settling pond. The activities also included a restoration of the shorelines. This project is the largest restoration programme carried out in Sweden on a single lake, corresponding to a cost of about US $2 000 000. The restoration of Lake Trehörningen was followed by a highly intensive research programme which included water chemistry and algal assays. The concentrations of phosphate and total phosphorus decreased by 73 and 50% respectively, as summer average values, two years after the restoration. However, the concentrations of phosphorus are still too high to permit this element to act as a prime algal growth-limiting nutrient. The algal biomass has also remained at the same magnitude as before the restoration. Nitrate-N concentrations showed a tenfold increase, based on average values for the summer period. However, based on the results of the algal assays, a rapid and marked response was obvious, with a drastic decline in the algal growth potential. In addition, the water quality of the tributaries was frequently of an objectionable character (0.1–0.2 g P m−3). The nutrient loading from these sources exceeds the critical level for the lake, and measures have now been carried out to treat all the inflowing waters for the removal of phosphorus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000053
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microbial metabolism in surface sediments and its role in the immobilization of phosphorus in oligotrophic lake sediments (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 261-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): microbial metabolism ; phosphorus ; sediments ; oligotrophic lake
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Rapid microbial metabolism and a large phosphorus uptake potential were observed in surface sediments of Lake George, New York. This sediment (termed the flocculent layer) also exhibited a phosphorus limited condition and a large reservoir of inorganic phosphorus associated with humic substances. These observations suggest that the empirically observed phosphorus retention in oligotrophic lake sediments may be promoted by a rapid cycling of phosphorus between microflora and its associated organic matter.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940117
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The fractionation of iron-phosphorus compounds in sediments studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 697-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): sediments ; Mössbauer spectroscopy ; iron ; phosphorus ; geochemistry ; analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Iron compounds of phosphorus form a large part of the phosphorus bound in sediments. Mössbauer spectroscopy is a technique that enables us to study, directly, chemical forms of iron in solid samples. Mössbauer spectroscopy allowed us to check, directly, the selectivity of the extraction scheme for soil phosphorus proposed by Chang & Jackson (1957), but only as far as the iron compounds are concerned. It appears that selectivity of the extraction method leaves much to be desired.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02391985
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temperature dependence of sediment-water exchange in Lake Grevelingen, SW Netherlands (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 489-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): laboratory experiments ; sediment types ; phosphorus ; silicon ; sediment-water exchange
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Extended abstract Lake Grevelingen is a brackish water lake in the SW Netherlands. The lake has an area of 108 km2, a mean depth of 5.3 m (maximum 48 m), a mean chlorinity of 13 to 16%0 Cl−, and a hydraulic residence time of about 8 years. Mass budget studies have shown a consistent seasonal pattern in the phosphorus sediment-water exchange in Lake Grevelingen (Kelderman 1980). From May to August a P mobilization from the sediment takes place, estimated at ca. 12.5 mg P · m−2 · day−1. The sediment accumulates ca. 5.5 mg P · m−2 · day−1 during the rest of the year. Temperature may be an important factor in establishing this pattern. Sediment-water exchange was studied by means of laboratory experiments under specified conditions. Sediment cores (30 cm depth, 11 cm diameter) were taken at four stations in the lake, with sediment types varying from medium- to muddy sand (Fig. 1). The cores with overlying water (ca. 21) were placed in the dark at 5 °C in thermostatically controlled water baths. After a week's incubation time the temperature was slowly raised, such that after three weeks eight cores (four sediment types, duplicates) were at 5 °C, eight were at 10 °C, eight at 15 °C and eight at 20 °C. The same procedure was applied to the four control cores, containing lake water.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000046
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sedimentation rates in a Swiss-Italian lake measured with sediment traps (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 603-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): phytoplankton ; tripton ; phosphorus ; mineralization ; regeneration and diffusion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Tripton sedimentation was investigated in the eutrophic Lake Lugano (Ponte Tresa basin) from October 1979 to October 1980. The annual amount of tripton collected was 748 g · m−2 · y−1. Phosphorus, nitrogen and organic carbon fluxes into the hypolimnion were estimated to be 1.9, 16.2 and 121 g · m−2y−1 respectively. Mineralization rates into the trophogenic layer varied from 11% to 19% per day during summer stratification. The regeneration processes contribute about 60% of the calculated P deficit in the epilimnion. The tripton is decomposed mostly in the metalimnion, out of the euphotic zone; from here the phosphorus is carried back to the overlying waters by diffusion processes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940149
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acidified lakes: sediment treatment with sodium carbonate — a remedy? (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 537-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): lake acidification ; neutralization ; buffer capacity ; liming ; cation exchange ; humic sediment ; phosphorus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Until now, additions of lime have been used to restore the buffering capacity of acidified lakes, but an alternative method which is more effective in the treatment of lakes with organogenic sediments has recently been applied in a full-scale experiment. The method, called CONTRACID, is based on the cation exchange properties of lake sediment. A sodium carbonate (soda ash) solution is injected into the sediment (by a harrow), so that the sediment becomes sodium stocked. A reverse exchange occurs during subsequent acidification. Liming has a limited effect on humic lakes, since Ca-humates have a reduced reverse exchange ability and also the lime, which remains undissolved, is rendered inactive. Ionic exchange processes and nutrient transport were studied in water/sediment cores and in situ enclosures after additions of soda ash-, lye- and lime solutions with subsequent re-acidification. Sodium carbonate additions in laboratory systems resulted in a sorption to the sediment of 42–62% of the added sodium ions (5 eq m−2) and a release of 14–78 mg Pm−2 sediment. Similar results were obtained in the enclosures where phosphorus release stimulated algal growth. Sediment pH, elevated by the sodium base addition, was lowered by re-acidification. Limed systems released no phosphorus and only about 25% of the added lime remained active for future neutralization. With the injection of the sodium carbonate solution into the sediment, only about 12% of the added sodium was recovered in lake water by spring circulation. Lake water alkalinity was then 0.12 meq l−1 and pH 6.7. Total phosphorus had been raised by 0.007 mg P l−1 causing an increase in phytoplankton biomass. Observations indicate that manipulations of acidic lake sediment according to the CONTRACID method create a long-lasting neutralizing capacity and a biological stimulation (through phosphorus release), which makes the method an attractive alternative to frequent liming.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000052
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lake Trehörningen restoration project. Changes in water quality after sediment dredging (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 549-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): lake restoration ; sediment dredging ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; algal assays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract An increased load of domestic wastewater to Lake Trehörningen induced oxygen-poor water conditions and the development of a reduced sulphide-rich sediment layer. Severely polluted, the lake did not recover, even after advanced wastewater treatment and sewage diversion. Restoration measures with suction dredging and macrophyte elimination were applied in 1975 and 1976. The loose topmost sediment was pumped into an embanked and overgrown bay which was used as a settling pond. The activities also included a restoration of the shorelines. This project is the largest restoration programme carried out in Sweden on a single lake, corresponding to a cost of about US $2 000 000. The restoration of Lake Trehörningen was followed by a highly intensive research programme which included water chemistry and algal assays. The concentrations of phosphate and total phosphorus decreased by 73 and 50% respectively, as summer average values, two years after the restoration. However, the concentrations of phosphorus are still too high to permit this element to act as a prime algal growth-limiting nutrient. The algal biomass has also remained at the same magnitude as before the restoration. Nitrate-N concentrations showed a tenfold increase, based on average values for the summer period. However, based on the results of the algal assays, a rapid and marked response was obvious, with a drastic decline in the algal growth potential. In addition, the water quality of the tributaries was frequently of an objectionable character (0.1–0.2 g P m−3). The nutrient loading from these sources exceeds the critical level for the lake, and measures have now been carried out to treat all the inflowing waters for the removal of phosphorus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940143
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The phosphorus-chlorophyll a relationship in periphytic communities in a controlled ecosystem (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 94 (1982), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): phosphorus ; chlorophyll a ; microcosm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The correlation between total dissolved phosphorus input concentrations and periphytic chlorophyll a concentrations was examined after a four-week colonization period on artificial substrates in large, continuous-flow microcosms. A significant correlation was established; the data produced a linear regression and substantiated a recently proposed curvilinear regression analysis. The curvilinear equation can be used in future microcosm studies as a predictive aid for regulating phosphorus input concentrations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010897
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