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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of partial sputtering of lithium from a binary Al/Li alloy with laser induced fluorescence (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 43 (1987), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20N ; 32.50 ; 66.30F
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Sputtering investigations of an Al/Li alloy containing 9.1 at-% of lithium have been performed for 6 keV helium ion bombardment. Absolute particle densities and velocity distributions of the sputtered neutral lithium atoms were measured with laserinduced fluorescence. The amount of sputtered lithium was found to be constant for target temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 500° C. The mean transport velocity and the sputtering yield of the Li component have been calculated from the measurements. Thermal evaporation of neutral Li atoms could be measured independently of the presence of the helium beam for target temperatures above 300° C. The experimental results indicate that the surface is covered by lithium with at least several atomic layers even under highcurrent ion irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617969
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of laser-induced fluorescence for measuring velocity distributions of neutral atoms using a CW dye laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 83-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32.80 ; 42.60 ; 6.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The velocity distribution of evaporated Zr atoms has been measured by means of laser-induced fluorescence using a cw dye laser by scanning the laser line across the Doppler-broadened absorption line profile of the atoms. It is shown that the experimental data can be explained on the basis of an excitation theory for a three-level system developed from basic principles. It was calculated that the probability for an atom to be in the excited state mainly depends on the radiation-power density of the laser and on the residence time of the atom in the exciting laser light. It was found that the laser frequency must be well stabilized in order to meet the assumptions in the excitation calculation. Otherwise deviations to the theoretical predictions appear in the experimental results due to the jitter of the dye laser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697427
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the titanium flux emitted from the divertor plates of the ASDEX Tokamak using laser induced fluorescence
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 88 (1982), S. 40-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9601(82)90419-4
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A compact thermal lithium-beam source using a solid Al/Li alloy for Li sublimation (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 3275-3279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Thermal lithium beams are widely used in physics for different purposes. To overcome certain disadvantages of conventional liquid-lithium ovens concerning handling, conditioning, and lifetime of the Li filling, a solid Li-evaporation device was constructed. An aluminum-based alloy, which contains about 9 at. % of lithium, is employed. The oven can easily be mounted in any position, and Li atoms can be injected in any desired direction. The parameters of the beam (axial and radial flux profiles) have been measured as a function of temperature and time. At a distance of 100 mm from the oven, Li flux densities of more than 2×1014 cm−2 s−1 have been achieved, lasting for more than 16 days of continued operation. The full beam divergence at half maximum is 8°. As a typical application of the device in plasma diagnostics, radial electron density profiles have been measured in the scrape-off layer of the TEXTOR tokamak.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140565
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the power exhaust and the role of impurities in the Torus Experiment for Technological Oriented Research (TEXTOR) (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2272-2280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Controlled application of radiating impurities in the boundary layer can help to solve the problem of power exhaust in a fusion reactor. Experiments in the Torus Experiment for Technological Oriented Research (TEXTOR) [J. Nucl. Mater. 145–147, 3 (1987)] are presented, which show that impurities with sufficiently high atomic number (≥10) are well suited for this purpose. Injection of neon, a gas recycled at the wall, enabled the establishment of a quasistationary radiating boundary layer, from which more than 90% of the input power was emitted. The required neon density was established by means of a feedback control for the neon influx, which was made possible by the toroidal pump limiter Advanced Limiter Technology (ALT-II) [J. Nucl. Mater. 162–164, 115 (1989)]. Alternatively, or in addition silicon was introduced as a condensing element—either by surface reactions from siliconized walls or by silane [SiH(D)4] injection—which revealed self-controlling mechanisms effective with changing plasma parameters. In neither case was a significant increase in central impurity concentration observed and good energy confinement time was maintained up to the highest plasma densities. Based on the information from various refined edge diagnostics, the underlying mechanisms for the buildup of a radiating plasma mantle and the interdependences of neon and silicon on other impurities are discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871488
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast lithium-beam spectroscopy of tokamak edge plasmas (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2285-2292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Plasma-wall interaction and impurity transport processes in the outermost region of magnetically confined hot plasmas (the so-called plasma edge) must be well understood for successful development of future thermonuclear fusion reactors. To this goal, sufficiently detailed edge plasma diagnostics are in great demand. By injecting a fast Li beam into the edge plasma region, a great number of information can be obtained with excellent space and time resolution. This so-called Li-beam plasma spectroscopy gives access not only to edge plasma density profiles from the collisionally excited Li atoms, but also to the impurity concentration and temperature profiles via line emission induced by electron capture from the injected Li atoms by the impurity ions. Full utilization of all capabilities requires a reliable data base for the atomic collision processes involving injected Li atoms and plasma constituents (i.e., electrons, hydrogen ions, and relevant impurities in their various charge states), since a precise modeling of Li beam attenuation and excited-state composition has to be made for evaluating desired plasma properties from the related spectroscopical measurements. The most recent methodical improvement permits a fully consistent determination of absolute edge plasma density profiles by measuring only relative LiI line emission profiles. This is of special interest for investigating rapid edge plasma density fluctuations in connection with, e.g., ELMs, L-H mode transition, turbulence or edge cooling by impurity injection. This paper describes the capabilities of Li-beam edge plasma spectroscopy by way of illustrative examples from measurements at the tokamak experiment TEXTOR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144460
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 2.45 GHz multicusp ECR-ion source for neutral–beam diagnostics at the tokamak TEXTOR : Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Ion Sources (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2544-2546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In order to implement a new setup for neutral–beam activated impact excitation spectroscopy at the nuclear fusion experiment "TEXTOR'' (Tokamak Experiment for Technology Oriented Research) a 2.45 GHz ECR multicusp ion source was built. Special emphasis was given to extract an intense He+-ion beam, which will be used in the forthcoming experiment. After neutralization the slow (2.2 × 107 cm/s, 1 keV) He atoms are injected into the tokamak plasma. Necessarily the atom beam has to have a small divergence. To optimize the extraction optics, calculations concerning the multihole extraction aperture have been made, taking different ECR-plasma parameters into account. The divergence shows a strong dependence on the extracted beam current density ((approximately-greater-than)5 mA/cm2) and the chosen optics. The ion source has to be operated in a pulsed mode (max. 5 kHz, duty cycle 50%) due to experimental requirements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142883
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface normal velocity distribution of sputtered Zr-atoms for light-ion irradiation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 194 (1982), S. 555-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(82)90580-8
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Velocity Distributions of Copper and Lithium Atoms Sputtered from a Cu/Li Alloy Measured with Laser Induced Fluorescence (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 46 (1988), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32.50 ; 68.40 ; 79.20N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract To test its applicability as wall material for nuclear fusion experiments, a copper based binary alloy containing 17 at.% of lithium has been bombarded with a monoenergetic mass-analyzed 6 keV argon ion beam at target temperatures close to room temperature. The velocity distributions of both constituents have been measured by means of laser induced fluorescence. Mean surface binding energies of 2.2 eV for the Li component and 2.4 eV for the Cu component have been derived from the experimental data, while 3.5 eV are obtained for a pure copper target. A comparison of the energies indicates only a moderate lithium enrichment in the first few atomic surface layers of the alloy under irradiation. Furthermore, mean transport velocities of the sputtered particles have been calculated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01210349
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Velocity distributions of copper and lithium atoms sputtered from a Cu/Li alloy measured with laser induced fluorescence (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 46 (1988), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32.50 ; 68.40 ; 79.20N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract To test its applicability as wall material for nuclear fusion experiments, a copper based binary alloy containing 17 at.% of lithium has been bombarded with a monoenergetic mass-analyzed 6 keV argon ion beam at target temperatures close to room temperature. The velocity distributions of both constituents have been measured by means of laser induced fluorescence. Mean surface binding energies of 2.2 eV for the Li component and 2.4 eV for the Cu component have been derived from the experimental data, while 3.5 eV are obtained for a pure copper target. A comparison of the energies indicates only a moderate lithium enrichment in the first few atomic surface layers of the alloy under irradiation. Furthermore, mean transport velocities of the sputtered particles have been calculated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01141595
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