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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological sulphate reduction (1967)
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 2 (1967), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bestimmte Mikroorganismen und Pflanzen reduzieren Sulfate zu Thiolen und diese werden über Aminosäuren in Proteine eingebaut. Höhere Tiere verarbeiten kein Sulfat und erhalten ihre Mercaptan-Gruppe gewöhnlich aus Aminosäuren. Einige Bakterien verwenden Sulfate anstelle von Sauerstoff als Wasserstoff-Acceptor. Biochemische Anzeichen sprechen dafür, daß Sulfat durch Adenosintriphosphat bevor es reduziert, aktiviert wird. Zwei schwefelhaltige Nucleotide wurden als Zwischenprodukte der Sulfatreduktion in Bakterien und in grünen Pflanzen identifiziert. Es werden hier Enzyme, die mit der Sulfit-Reduktion in Bakterien und in grünen Pflanzen in Zusammenhang stehen, beschrieben. Ökologische und ökonomische Gesichtspunkte der Sulfatdissimilation durch Bakterien werden erörtert.
    Notes: Abstract Sulphate is reduced to thiols by micro-organisms and plants and these are incorporated via amino acids into protein. Higher animals however do not utilize sulphate and get their sulphur thiol groups usually from amino acids. Some bacteria also use sulphate as an alternative to oxygen as a hydrogen acceptor. Biochemical evidence suggests that sulphate is first activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) before it is reduced. Two sulphur-containing nucleotides, adenosine-5′-phosphosulphate (APS) and adenosine-3′-phosphate 5′ phosphosulphate (PAPS) have been identified as carriers of sulphur in bacteria and in green plants during sulphate reduction. Enzymes associated with sulphate and sulphite reduction in bacteria and in green plants are described in this paper, and ecological and economic aspects of the dissimilation of sulphate by bacteria are also considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201913
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transition of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans KG-4 from heterotrophic growth on glucose to autotrophic growth on ferrous-iron (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 193-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ; Autotrophy ; Ferrous-iron oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The reputedly obligately organotrophic Thiobacillus ferrooxidans KG-4 cultured on glucose contained a small proportion of cells which grew autotrophically on ferrous-iron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410784
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen inhibition of the photoassimilation of CO2 in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 128 (1981), S. 421-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhodopseudomonas capsulata ; Aerobic and anaerobic 14CO2 fixation ; Respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The photoassimilation of 14CO2 by washed cells of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata was greatly inhibited in air. The inhibition was partially reversed by either sparging with argon or by adding inhibitors, e.g. CO [50% (v/v) in air] and NaN3 (0.2 mM), which at these concentrations effectively restricted respiration. The effect of oxygen on the photoassimilation of 14CO2 may be associated with a change in the redox state of the cells resulting in less reducing equivalents being available for this process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405925
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some properties of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase from Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 134 (1983), S. 98-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ammonia assimilation ; Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum ; Photosynthetic bacteria ; Glutamine synthetase ; Glutamate synthase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phototrophic green sulphur bacterium Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum assimilated ammonia via glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase when grown with ammonia up to 30 mM, but above this level glutamate dehydrogenase was the key enzyme. Glutamine synthetase purified 42-fold was found to be adenylylated. The γ-glutamyltransferase activity of the enzyme was markedly inhibited by alanine, glycine, serine and lysine, and these amino acids in various combinations showed cumulative inhibition. Adenine nucleotides also inhibited enzyme activity, especially ATP. Glutamate synthase purified 222-fold had a maximum absorption at 440 nm which was reduced by sodium dithionite, and the enzyme was inhibited by atebrin indicating the presence of a flavin component. The enzyme had specific requirements for NADH, α-ketoglutarate and l-glutamine, the K m values for these were 13.5, 270 and 769 μM respectively. Glutamate synthase was sensitive to feedback inhibition by amino acids, adenine nucleotides and other metabolites and the combined effects of these inhibitors was cumulative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407939
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Active transport of proline into washed cells of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans grown with nitrate (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 144 (1986), S. 237-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Denitrification ; Proline transport ; Photosynthesis ; Chemical potential of proline ; proton motive force ; Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Washed cells of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans, prepared from cultures grown anaerobically in light with NO 3 - as the terminal acceptor, readily incorporated [14C]-proline both in light and in the dark. The proline uptake was coupled to the reduction of either NO 3 - , NO 2 - , N2O or O2. Light stimulated the accumulation of proline in these cells. The addition of NO 3 - to washed cells in light decreased the K m for proline from 40 μM to 5.7 μM. Proline transport was inhibited by antimycin A, 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide both in light and in the dark with nitrate indicating that electron transfer from both denitrification and photosynthesis are involved in this uptake. Inhibition by carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone and 2.4-dinitrophenol indicate that proline transport is energy dependent. The H+/proline stoichiometry increased from 1 to 2.5 when the external pH was increased from 6.0 to 8.0. Under these conditions Δμpro increased but Δp decreased markedly above pH 7.0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410954
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Derepression of nitrate reductase from Derxia gummosa and some properties of the purified enzyme (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 145 (1986), S. 20-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrate reductase ; Derxia gummosa ; Ammonia ; Glutamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The assimilatory NADH-nitrate reductase has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the N2-fixing bacterium Derxia gummosa. This enzyme has a molecular weight of ∼ 175 kdaltons and is composed of two dissimilar subunits (88 and 80 kdaltons, respectively). Typical cytochrome b 557 spectra were observed for the purified enzyme, reduced with sodium dithionite. Both ammonia and glutamine inhibited the induction of nitrate reductase in washed cells from cultures grown with NH4Cl. The inhibition by ammonia, but not that by glutamine was relieved by methionine sulphoximine. The induction of nitrate reductase was also inhibited by azaserine. In cells treated with methionine sulphoximine, glutamine content was decreased whereas it increased in those treated with azaserine. The synthesis of RNA during the derepression of nitrate reductase was also inhibited by glutamine. Thus glutamine is involved in regulating the derepression of nitrate reductase at the transcription level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413022
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of nitrogenase by nitrite and nitric oxide in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 147 (1987), S. 304-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Denitrification ; Nitrite and NO formation ; Nitrogenase inhibition ; EPR ; Iron-nitrosyl complex formation ; Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In cells of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans nitrite and nitric oxide, the products of denitrification, inhibit activity of nitrogenase enzyme. Ferredoxin-linked CO2 fixation, with H2 as a reductant, was also inhibited by nitrite and NO in denitrifying cells. EPR spectroscopy of cell preparations treated with NO showed that it reacts with non-haem iron-sulphur proteins to form iron-nitrosyl complexes. Nitrite also reacts with these iron-sulphur proteins, but the formation of ironnitrosyl complexes was dependent on the presence of dithionite. Since nitrite is reduced to NO by dithionite it is likely that nitrogenase and CO2 fixation reactions are inhibited not only by nitrite itself, but also by nitric oxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00463493
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the incorporation of labelled sulphate into cells and cell-free extracts of Nitrosomonas europaea (1970)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 73 (1970), S. 293-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The incorporation of [35S]sulphate was followed into the washed cell suspensions of Nitrosomonas europaea. Thus bound sulphate, sulphite, sulphide, cysteine, glutathione, homocysteine and methionine were found in the ethanol soluble fraction as well as in the residual hydrolysed protein fraction. Cysteic acid, methionine sulphoxide and methionine sulphone were detected in the residual protein. The reaction between sulphydryl groups and N-ethylmaleimide has been successfully used to stabilize the thiol compounds in cell-extracts and the derivatives thus obtained were separated by paper chromatography. As in other microorganisms, sulphate is first activated by ATP in Nitrosomonas before it is reduced. The formation of APS and PAPS has been studied. A pathway for the incorporation of [35S]sulphate is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412296
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetylene reduction by rumen microflora (1971)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 76 (1971), S. 277-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Acetylene reduction to ethylene by filtrates of rumen contents has been studied. The Km values for acetylene are comparable to those reported for nitrogenase enzymes from N2 fixing bacteria. The enhancement of ethylene production from acetylene by phosphate and pyruvate suggests that the reduction was carried out by anaerobic microorganisms. Acetylene reduction occurred in the rumen only when a high nitrogen diet was fed to the sheep. Some microorganisms isolated from the rumen contents were grown anaerobically under N2 gas on agar not supplemented with combined nitrogen. Methane production by filtrates of rumen contents was found to be inhibited by acetylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408525
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ammonia and O2 uptake in relation to proton translocation in cells of Nitrosomonas europaea (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 122 (1979), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrosomonas europaea ; Ammonia uptake ; O2 uptake ; Electrode methods ; Fluorescence emission ; Proton translocation ; Membrane energisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The uptake of ammonia and O2 by washed cells of Nitrosomonas has been followed simultaneously and continuously using electrode techniques. The stoichiometry of NH 4 + oxidation, O2 uptake and NO 2 - production was 1 : 1.5 : 1.0 and for NH2OH oxidation a ratio of 1 for O2 : NO 2 - . A variety of inhibitors of electron transport and metals as well as uncouplers restricted ammonia uptake more markedly than O2 utilization. There is good evidence for the involvement of copper in the NH 4 + uptake process. A quinacrine fluorescence technique has been used to study the proton extrusion by washed cells on adding NH4Cl and NH2OH respectively as substrates. The uptake of NH 4 + was followed by the extrusion of H+ and this process was depressed by those inhibitors which were also effective in the electrode experiments. A requirement for copper is also established for the translocation of protons into the medium, resulting from the uptake of NH 4 + by cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411287
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