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  • Articles  (811)
  • Energy
  • Wetlands
  • air pollution
  • climate change
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  • 1
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    RRI, gender and solar energy. A perspective from GRECO project (2021)
    CNR-IRPPS e-Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-08
    Description: In energy sector, female researchers are still a minority: cultural factors, education, self-limitations, stereotypes, difficulties in work-life balance contribute to this situation. In the first part, the paper reflects on how gender issues are taken into account in the general framework of Responsible Research and Innovation, indicating how gender is pervasive, but still not explicitly addressed in its full potential; in the second part, the GRECO project on solar energy and open science is presented as a project counteracting this situation; gender dimensions are explored from scientists to citizen participation, language used and analysis performed. Finally, the challenge of engendering impact is addressed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 93-100
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Keywords: RRI ; Responsible Research and Innovation ; Citizen Science ; Gender ; Energy ; Photovoltaics ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
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    Upper Ocean Temperatures Hit Record High in 2020 (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: The long-term warming of the ocean is a critical indicator of both the past and present state of the climate system. It also provides insights about the changes to come, owing to the persistence of both decadal variations and secular trends, which the ocean records extremely well (Hansen et al., 2011; IPCC, 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Trenberth et al., 2016; Abram et al., 2019). It is well established that the emission of greenhouse gasses by human activities is mainly responsible for global warming since the industrial revolution (IPCC, 2013; Abram et al., 2019). The increased concentration of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has interfered with natural energy flows. Currently there is an energy imbalance in the Earth’s climate system of almost 1 W m−2 (Trenberth et al., 2014; von Schuckmann et al., 2016, 2020a; Wijffels et al., 2016; Johnson et al., 2018; Cheng et al., 2019a; von Schuckmann et al., 2020a). Over 90% of this excess heat is absorbed by the oceans, leading to an increase of ocean heat content (OHC) and sea level rise, mainly through thermal expansion and melting of ice over land. These processes provide a useful means to quantify climate change. The first global OHC time series by Levitus et al. (2000) identified a robust long-term 0−3000 m ocean warming from 1948−98. Since then, many other analyses of global and regional OHC data have been performed. Here, we provide the first analysis of recent ocean heating, incorporating 2020 measurements through 2020 into our analysis.
    Description: Published
    Description: 523–530
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: ocean temperature ; climate change ; climate change
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Geoethics as global ethics to face grand challenges for humanity (2020)
    Geological Society, London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: Geoethics is not simply professional ethics. Originally, it was developed in the context of geosciences to increase the awareness of geoscientists to their cultural and social role, but over time expanded to define a way in which humans can rethink their relationship with the Earth system in the light of principles and values that can provide a healthy and safe life in respect for geo-ecosystems. The theoretical framework of geoethics has now consolidated, and it has become the proposal on which to base a global ethics for the new millennium. This chapter outlines the scientific and cultural reference framework in which geoethics developed; the theoretical foundations of geoethics and its main characteristics; global anthropogenic issues under a geoethical perspective; ethical and social aspects related to two potential human activities respectively to combat global warming (geoengineering); and to provide for the growing demand for georesources (deep-sea/ocean mining). The authors highlight the importance of sharing values and actions among planetary human communities to manage global changes and threats. One wonders if the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic can suggest or confirm reflections on geoethical thinking. Finally, a charter for a responsible course of human development, articulated in nine principles and actions, is proposed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Keywords: geoethics ; global ethics ; responsibility ; sustainability ; philosophy of geosciences ; climate change ; deep-sea mining ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Responsible Human Development Charter ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 4
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    Hurricanes and climate: the U.S. CLIVAR working group on hurricanes (2014)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-16
    Description: While a quantitative climate theory of tropical cyclone formation remains elusive, considerable progress has been made recently in our ability to simulate tropical cyclone climatologies and understand the relationship between climate and tropical cyclone formation. Climate models are now able to simulate a realistic rate of global tropical cyclone formation, although simulation of the Atlantic tropical cyclone climatology remains challenging unless horizontal resolutions finer than 50 km are employed. This article summarizes published research from the idealized experiments of the Hurricane Working Group of U.S. CLIVAR (CLImate VARiability and predictability of the ocean-atmosphere system). This work, combined with results from other model simulations, has strengthened relationships between tropical cyclone formation rates and climate variables such as mid-tropospheric vertical velocity, with decreased climatological vertical velocities leading to decreased tropical cyclone formation. Systematic differences are shown between experiments in which only sea surface temperature is increased versus experiments where only atmospheric carbon dioxide is increased, with the carbon dioxide experiments more likely to demonstrate the decrease in tropical cyclone numbers previously shown to be a common response of climate models in a warmer climate. Experiments where the two effects are combined also show decreases in numbers, but these tend to be less for models that demonstrate a strong tropical cyclone response to increased sea surface temperatures. Further experiments are proposed that may improve our understanding of the relationship between climate and tropical cyclone formation, including experiments with two-way interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere and variations in atmospheric aerosols.
    Description: Published
    Description: 997–1017
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: tropical cyclones ; hurricanes ; climate change ; CLIVAR ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Landscape dissection, vetusols development, and isostatic uplift: the geomorphologic response of the southern alps at the early–middle pleistocene transition (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: We examine different geomorphologic evidences observed in the Lombardian Southern Alps (northern Italy) and their foothills during the middle Pleistocene, in order to estimate long-term exhumation rates for early Pleistocene deposits and highlight a common underlying process. Between the Gelasian and the early–middle Pleistocene transition, tectonic and climatic changes led to the formation of several intermountain basins in the Lombardian Southern Alps. Lacustrine environments mainly developed within these basins under various climatic regimes, bequeathing extraordinary series of traces about the climatic history of the Alps. These basins developed in concomitance of a long-term intravalley aggradation phase that reached its maximum within the Southern Alps valleys around the early–middle Pleistocene transition. In the characteristic stratigraphy of an intermountain basin (e.g. Bagaggera, Leffe, Val Sabbia basins) a regressive sequence, followed by eolian deposition and strong weathering, can be observed. At the present state of knowledge, if we depict the time span of these lacustrine sequences, we observe an overall extinction of the intermountain basins at the beginnings of the middle Pleistocene, apart from those sites which experienced subsidence by local active tectonics. At the foothills of the Southern Alps, roughly starting at the same time, the oldest fluvioglacial deposits experienced a long term incision phase, which isolated broad areas of the piedmont Po Plain. On these terraces only eolian sedimentation occurred and vetusols (“ferretto” Auct.) started developing. At the whole, during the Pleistocene the examined area experience an early Pleistocene aggradation phase, followed by a middle Pleistocene incision phase, that exhumed by erosion the early Pleistocene deposits. As the major Pleistocene glaciations occurred only in few of the considered basins, the observed long-term change cannot be interpreted as a direct response of river drainages to glaciation. We suggest instead that all these geologic features can be ascribed to an unique process, i.e. the middle Pleistocene long-term uplift identified by means of subsurface geology studies in the Po Plain. This regional uplift is an isostatic rebalance produced by the long-term sum of the erosional effects of repeated glacial-interglacial cycles in the Alps. As response to this isostatic uplift a landscape dissection occurred during middle Pleistocene both in the Alpine chain as well as at its foothills, hampering the formation of new intermountain basins (lowering of the morphologic thresholds) also in not-formerly glaciated areas (Leffe, Ranica, Val Sabbia basins; Orobic and Brescian Prealps), and triggering vetusols development in broad areas of the piedmont Po Plain (long-term geostasy conditions). Absolute estimates of the observed uplift are not feasible in the examined area (mountain belt) as altimetric constraints were not recognised. Anyway is possible to produce a tentative estimate of the exhumation rates (i.e. the displacement of a point toward to the surface), by taking into account the age and present elevation of the paleosurfaces with the observed vetusols and the present elevation of the cutting river bed.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Istituto Geografico Militare
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: landscape dissection ; paleosols ; Southern Alps ; isostacy ; geomorphology ; stratigraphy ; Pleistocene ; climate change ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 6
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    Did geologic emissions of methane play any role in Quaternary climate change? (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The “methane-led hypotheses” assume that gas hydrates and marine seeps are the sole geologic factors controlling Quaternary atmospheric and climate changes. Nevertheless, a wider class of geologic sources of methane exist which could have played a role in past climate changes. Beyond offshore seepage, relevant geologic emissions of methane (GEM) are from onshore seepage, including mud volcanism, microseepage and geothermal flux; altogether GEM are the second most important natural source of atmospheric methane at present. The amount of methane entering the atmosphere from onshore GEM seems to prevail on that from offshore seepage. Onshore sources inject a predominantly isotopically heavy (13C-enriched) methane into the atmosphere. They are controlled mainly by endogenic (geodynamic) processes, which induce large-scale gas flow variations over geologic and millennial time scales, and only partially by exogenic (surface) conditions, so that they are not affected by negative feedbacks. The eventual influence on atmospheric methane concentration does not necessarily require catastrophic or abrupt releases, as proposed for the “clathrate gun hypothesis”. Enhanced degassing from these sources could have contributed to the methane trends observed in the ice core records, and could explain the late Quaternary peaks of increased methane concentrations accompanied by the enrichment of isotopically heavy methane, as recently observed. This hypothesis shall be tested by means of robust multidisciplinary studies, mainly based on a series of atmospheric, biologic and geologic proxies.
    Description: Published
    Description: On line First
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Methane ; climate change ; seepage ; Quaternary ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Records of Climate and Paleoceanographic Variability during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition in the Pacific Ocean (2008)
    Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Paleoclimatic proxies from sedimentary marine sequences often record orbital frequencies (eccentricity, obliquity, and precession) and reveal the effects of insolation on environmental processes. During Pleistocene an important transition occurred in the time interval between 1.25 and 0.7 Ma, the so called Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT; Clark et al., 2006) that marked the passage from glacial cycles with 41 to 100-kyr rhythm. In the southwestern Pacific Ocean this transition reflects in paleoceanographic changes as the case east of New Zealand in correspondence of the northward flow of the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC). Many studies show evidences of the MPT by the use of proxies dependent on bulk and magnetic sediment grain-size and which provide qualitative information on variations in the strength of the deep Pacific Ocean inflow, possibly directly related to fluctuations of Antarctic Bottom Water production. Many works have been performed about these topics which revealed the importance to improve and enhance the knowledge through future researches.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-9
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Pleistocene ; Pacific Ocean ; climate change ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.06. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 8
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    The occurrence of floods and the role of climate variations from 1880 in Calabria (Southern Italy) (2012)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: In this paper, we present a methodological approach based on a comparative analysis of floods that occurred in a wide region over a long period and the climatic data characterising the same period, focusing on the climate trend. The method simplifies the comparative analysis of several time series by defining some indexes (e.g., the monthly, bi-monthly, and … m-monthly indexes of precipitation, temperature, wet days and precipitation intensity and the monthly flood number) that can be used to study phenomena such as floods that are characterised by spatial and temporal variability. The analysis was used to investigate the potential effect of climate variation on the damaging floods trend. The approach was tested for the region of Calabria (Italy) using historical flood and climatic data from 1880 to 2007. The results showed that the number of floods was correlated with the monthly indexes of precipitation, wet days, and daily precipitation intensity. The following trends were recognised: decreasing precipitation and wet days, almost constant precipitation intensity, increasing temperature, and linearly increasing floods. A second-order polynomial trend analysis showed a slight decrease in floods since the seventies, which might be explained by the favourable climatic conditions during the period and/or the effect of increasing awareness of flood vulnerability.
    Description: Published
    Description: 129-142
    Description: 5.5. TTC - Sistema Informativo Territoriale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Floods ; Natural hazard ; climate change ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.02. Hydrogeological risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Climate change projection in the Mediterranean Region as obtained from a global AOGCM coupled with an interactive high-resolution model of the Mediterranean Sea (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this work we present and discuss the results obtained from a set of present and future climate simulations performed with a high-resolution model able to represent the dynamics of the Mediterranean Sea. The ability of the model to reproduce the basic features of the observed climate in the Mediterranean region and the beneficial effects of both atmospheric improved resolution and interactive Mediterranean Sea are assessed. In particular, the major characteristics of the variability in the Mediterranean basin and its connection with the large-scale circulation are investigated. Furthermore, the mechanisms through which global warming might affect the regional features of the climate are explored, focusing especially on the characteristics of the hydrological cycle. The model used is the CMCC-MED model, developed under the framework of the EU CIRCE Project (Climate Change and Impact Research: the Mediterranean Environment), which provides, for the first time, the possibility to accurately assess the role and feedbacks of the Mediterranean Sea in the global climate system. CMCC-MED, in fact, is a global coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (AOGCM) coupled with a high-resolution model of the Mediterranean Sea. The atmospheric model component (ECHAM-5) has a horizontal resolution of about 80 Km, the global ocean model (OPA8.2) has horizontal resolution of about 2◦ with an equatorial refinement (0.5◦) and the Mediterranean Sea model (NEMO in the MFS implementation) has horizontal resolution of 1/16◦ (∼7 Km) and 72 vertical levels. The communication between the atmospheric model and the ocean models is performed through the OASIS3 coupler, and the exchange of SST, surface momentum, heat, and water fluxes occurs approximately every 2 hours. The global ocean-Mediterranean connection occurs through the exchange of dynamical and tracer fields via simple input/output operations. In particular, horizontal velocities, tracers and sea-level are transferred from the global ocean to the Mediterranean model through the open boundaries in the Atlantic box. Similarly, vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and horizontal velocities at Gibraltar Strait are transferred from the regional Mediterranean model to the global ocean. The ocean-to-ocean exchange occurs with a daily frequency, with the exchanged variables being averaged over the daily time-window.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Zurich
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: open
    Keywords: mediterranean region region ; climate change ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Development of A 22‐GHz ground‐based spectrometer for middle atmospheric water vapour monitoring (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Water vapour is a crucial element of the climate system. Accurate observations of stratospheric humidity are needed in the equatorial belt, where most water vapour crosses the tropopause, and in the polar regions, that are most affected by climate change trends. Satellite-based observations provide atmospheric composition data with extensive spatial and temporal coverage, but these need to be validated and integrated by ground-based networks like GAW (Global Atmospheric Watch) and NDACC (Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change). This contribution presents a new ground-based spectrometer for the observation of middle atmospheric humidity profiles being currently developed at INGV - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. The instrument will detect the water vapour spectral line at 22.235 GHz by using the balanced beam-switching observation technique. The receiver antenna system has a parabolic mirror and a corrugated horn with an overall HPBW of 3.5°. Preliminary tests of the horn performed at the Table Mountain Facility of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California are presented. An uncooled GaAsFET low-noise amplifier was custom-assembled for the receiver front-end. The back-end will be a FFT spectrometer with a 1 GHz bandwidth and a 63 kHz resolution which, given the pressure broadening coefficient of the H2O line, will allow to retrieve concentration profiles from about 15 to 80 km altitude. Since the retrieval altitude range is also limited by the spectral signal-to-noise ratio and baseline artifacts, special care is taken in minimizing receiver noise temperature. Low noise temperatures will imply integration times short enough to be able to observe diurnal changes in the lower stratosphere. In order to extend unmanned operation time and limit LN2 supplies at remote stations, calibrated noise sources will be used as cold load reference on a daily basis. The control interface, which is also under development at INGV, will be based on reconfigurable hardware (USB-CPLD). Several different sites are proposed for permanent installation. Among these the GAW sites of Thule Airbase, Greenland for polar monitoring, or Mount Chacaltaya, Bolivia, for tropical tropopause observations.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Florence, Italy
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: millimeter wave spectroscopy ; stratospheric water vapour ; climate change ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.01. Composition and Structure ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.04. Processes and Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.08. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Occurrence of landslide events and the role of climate in the twentieth century in Calabria, southern Italy (2010)
    Geological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A methodological approach based on analysing landslides that occurred over a long period and climatic data characterizing that period is presented. The method investigates whether there are any effects of climate on landslide triggering. The approach has been tested in Calabria (Italy). Both landslide and climatic data have been obtained from available databases that have been expanded. Landslide data came from historical archives and newspapers, whereas the climatic analysis is based on daily and monthly series of rainfall and temperature. The method simplifies the comparative analysis of several time series by defining some indices (the monthly, bi-monthly ... m-monthly indices of precipitation, temperature, wet days and precipitation, and the monthly landslide number) that can be used to study phenomena, such as landslides, that are characterized by spatial and temporal variability. For Calabria, the number of landslides is correlated to monthly precipitation, wet days and precipitation intensity. Thus, landslide occurrence could be roughly forecast using these climatic data. Despite the favourable climatic trend, landslides are not decreasing because the recent utilization of landslide-prone areas increases the vulnerability.
    Description: Published
    Description: 403-415
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Landslides ; climate change ; Italy ; Calabria ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.02. Hydrogeological risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Effects of Tropical Cyclones on Ocean Heat Transport in a High-Resolution Coupled General Circulation Model (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper the interplay between tropical cyclones (TCs) and the Northern Hemispheric ocean heat transport (OHT) is investigated. In particular, results from a numerical simulation of the twentieth-century and twenty-first-century climates, following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) twentieth- century run (20C3M) and A1B scenario protocols, respectively, have been analyzed. The numerical simulations have been performed using a state-of-the-art global atmosphere–ocean–sea ice coupled general circulation model (CGCM) with relatively high-resolution (T159) in the atmosphere. The CGCM skill in reproducing a realistic TC climatology has been assessed by comparing the model results from the simulation of the twentieth century with available observations. The model simulates tropical cyclone–like vortices with many features similar to the observed TCs. Specifically, the simulated TCs exhibit realistic structure, geographical distribution, and interannual variability, indicating that the model is able to capture the basic mechanisms linking the TC activity with the large-scale circulation. The cooling of the surface ocean observed in correspondence of the TCs is well simulated by the model. TC activity is shown to significantly increase the poleward OHT out of the tropics and decrease the poleward OHT from the deep tropics on short time scales. This effect, investigated by looking at the 100 most intense Northern Hemisphere TCs, is strongly correlated with the TC-induced momentum flux at the ocean surface, where the winds associated with the TCs significantly weaken (strengthen) the trade winds in the 58–188N (188–308N) latitude belt. However, the induced perturbation does not impact the yearly averaged OHT. The frequency and intensity of the TCs appear to be substantially stationary through the entire 1950–2069 simulated period, as does the effect of the TCs on the OHT.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4368–4384
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: tropical cyclones ; ocean heat transport ; general circulation model ; scenario ; climate change ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Towards assessing the Adriatic Sea coastal vulnerability to regional climate change scenarios: preliminary results (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Preliminary results from numerical climate simulations of the Adriatic sea at high resolution (1/25°), performed during two time-slice integrations, are presented for the period 1960-90 and the 21st century (2070-2100), according to the “A1b” scenario defined by IPCC. This aims at addressing the feasibility of downscaling procedure in a regional basin, resolving features that are generally still not included when using global models and gaining useful indications on climate-change induced impacts on the wave climate and ocean circulation. For this purpose, a fully coupled version of the ROMS-SWAN model has been implemented, using interpolated meteorological forcings from the SINTA Project (SImulations of climate chaNge in the mediTerranean Area, a joint scientific cooperation of CMCC-INGV-Univ. of Belgrade). Within the Impacts on Soil and Water Division (ISC) of the CMCC, the numerical downscaling approach is integrated in a GIS-based Decision Support System (DSS) aimed at the integrated analysis of climate change impacts and risks on coastal zones at the regional, aimed at guiding decision-makers in the definition of adaptation strategies. Despite further experiments are needed to reach definitive results, the outcomes indicate the feasibility of the numerical downscaling approach; nevertheless, they also highlight uncertainties intrinsic to this approach that may be leading, at least at the present state of the art, to results of difficult interpretation.
    Description: CNR-ISMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: open
    Keywords: coastal vulnerability ; climate change ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 14
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    Heavy precipitation events in a warmer climate: results from CMIP5 models (2013)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this work the authors investigate possible changes in the distribution of heavy precipitation events under a warmer climate, using the results of a set of 20 climate models taking part in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 effort (CMIP5). Future changes are evaluated as the difference between the last four decades of the 21st and the 20th Century assuming the Representative Concentration Pathway RCP8.5 scenario. As a measure of the width of the right tail of the precipitation distribution, we use the difference between the 99th and the 90th percentiles. Despite a slight tendency to underestimate the observed heavy precipitation, the considered CMIP5 models well represent the observed patterns in terms of the ensemble average, during both summer and winter seasons for the 1997-2005 period. Future changes in average precipitation are consistentwith previous findings based on CMIP3 models. CMIP5 models show a projected increase for the end of the twenty-first century of the width of the right tail of the precipitation distribution, particularly pronounced over India, South East Asia, Indonesia and Central Africa during borealsummer, as well as over South America and southern Africa during boreal winter.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7902–7911
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: precipitation ; extreme events ; climate change ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Potential impact of climate change on length of ignition danger season in Mediterranean shrubland of North Sardinia (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The main aim of this work is to identify useful tools to forecast impacts of expected climate change on live fuel moisture content (Live FMC) in Mediterranean shrublands.
    Description: Published
    Description: Alghero, Sardinia, Italy
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: open
    Keywords: climate change ; fire ; ignition ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Projections of Heavy Rainfall over the Central US based on CMIP5 Models (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The central United States is a region for which observational studies have indicated an increase in heavy rainfall. This study uses projections of daily rainfall from 20 state-of-the-art global climate models and one scenario (RCP 8.5) to examine projected changes in extreme rainfall. Analyses are performed focusing on trends in the 90th and 99th percentiles of the daily rainfall distributions for two periods (2006-2045 and 2046-2085). The results of this study indicate a large increase in extreme rainfall in particular over the northern part of the study region, with a much less clear signal over the Great Plains and the states along the Gulf of Mexico.
    Description: Published
    Description: 200-205
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: embargoed_20160624
    Keywords: precipitation ; extreme events ; cmip5 ; climate change ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 17
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    Tracking Scheme Dependence of Simulated Tropical Cyclone Response to Idealized Climate Simulations (2014)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Future tropical cyclone activity is a topic of great scientific and societal interest. In the absence of a climate theory of tropical cyclogenesis, general circulation models are the primary tool available for investigating the issue. However, the identification of tropical cyclones in model data at moderate resolution is complex, and numerous schemes have been developed for their detection. We here examine the influence of different tracking schemes on detected tropical cyclone activity and responses in the Hurricane Working Group experiments. These are idealized atmospheric general circulation model experiments aimed at determining and distinguishing the effects of increased sea-surface temperature and other increased CO2 effects on tropical cyclone activity. We apply two tracking schemes to these data and also analyze the tracks provided by each modelling group. Our results indicate moderate agreement between the different tracking methods, with some models and experiments showing better agreement across schemes than others. When comparing responses between experiments, we find that much of the disagreement between schemes is due to differences in duration, wind speed, and formation-latitude thresholds. After homogenisation in these thresholds, agreement between different tracking methods is improved. However, much disagreement remains, accountable for by more fundamental differences between the tracking schemes. Our results indicate that sensitivity testing and selection of objective thresholds are the key factors in obtaining meaningful, reproducible results when tracking tropical cyclones in climate model data at these resolutions, but that more fundamental differences between tracking methods can also have a significant impact on the responses in activity detected.
    Description: Published
    Description: 9197–9213
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: tropical cyclones ; tracking schemes ; climate change ; hurricanes ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 18
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    Nutrient requirement in Salmo trutta caspius Kessler (1870) for aquaculture purposes (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A sharp decline in natural population of Caspian brown trout lead to implementing of restocking program in Iran. Along the stock recovery program, the artificial production of this species has been attracted too much attention in recent years. The objective of the study is to assess the effects of protein and energy levels of diet on fish performance, growth efficiency of Caspian brown trout in order to develop a proper diet for production of this species. Six experimental diets were formulated by replacing casein as a pure protein source with fat as an energy source in the diets according to a 3×2 factorial design. The diet was assigned to 18 tanks with 50 fish each, with three replicated for each diet. The experiment was conducted for 8-weeks with Caspian brown trout with an initial body weight of around 7 g. Caspian brown trout demonstrated a better FCR and a larger SGR at lower protein levels (45 and 50%) in comparison to high protein level (55%; P〈0.05). Protein efficiency ratio improved by a decrease in protein content of the diet (P〈0.05), but energy content of diets does not affect any growth related parameter such as FCR, SGR and PER. There was also no interaction between protein and energy levels in the growth related parameters, suggesting the effect of protein on the growth parameters in Caspian brown trout did not depend on energy levels of diet. In conclusion diet containing 50% protein can support the maximum growth. High dietary energy level of the diet dose in cooperate in protein sparing effect.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Caspian brown trout ; Artificial production ; Growth ; Diet ; Protein ; Energy ; Weight ; FCR ; SGR ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 40pp.
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  • 19
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    Etude de l'efficacité protéique de quelques régimes experimentaux chez le jeune alevin de loup Dicentrarchus labrax par la méthode des bilans azotés et énergétiques. (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Une etude des bilans azotes et energetiques a ete menee sur neufs lots de jeunes alevins de loup, adaptes a neuf regimes experimentaux isoproteiques, isolipidiques et isoenergitiques contenant des proteines de qualites differentes. Les proteines du regime temoin provenaient d'une farine de poisson, celle des autres regimes provenaient a 30% ou a 50% des proteines brutes, de farine de creton, de concentre de proteines soluble de poison, de concentre de proteine de soja ou de farine de calmar en complement de la farine de poisson. La digestibilite apparente des proteines et de l'energie s'est averee et varie de 86 a 91% pour les proteines de 89 a92% pour l'energie. A elle seule, la methode des digestibilites n'a pas reflete clairement la valeur nutritive des proteines, elle ne peut donc pas etre consideree comme un bon critere de jugement de l'efficacite proteique, du moins quand les sources proteiques sont de digestibilites voisines. Elle demeure, cependant tres utile pour la selection des matieres premieres pour la formulation des regimes hautement digestible et non polluant.
    Description: Study of protein efficiency of some experimental diets on sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fry with protein and energy digestibility method. Sea bass fry adapted to nine isonitrogenous, isolipidics and isoenergetics diets were used to study protein and energy digestibilities in relation to dietary protein sources. The reference diet was based on fish meal, whereas the other diets contained greaves meal, fish protein hydrolysate, squid meal and soya protein hydrolysate at 30 or 50% of crude protein at the expense of fish meal protein. Protein and energy apparent digestibility was high and varied between 86 and 91% for proteins and between 89 and 92% for the energy. By it self, digestibility method had not clearly reflected the nutritive values of dietary proteins and could not be considered as a good criteria to evaluate the biologic value of dietary proteins, at least when digestibilities of protein sources are nearly similar. But, studies on digestibilities remain very useful to preselect feed stuffs from a large variety of raw materials available on the market.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Digestibilité ; Sources de protéines ; Energie ; Diets ; Rearing ; Energy ; Digestibility ; Feeding experiments ; Proteins ; Nutrition ; Artificial feeding ; Fish culture ; Dicentrarchus labrax ; Marine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp. 140-149
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  • 20
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    Fillet quality grading of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by fish size using mathematical equations (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Quality grading and nutrition value determination of fish are nowadays necessary for aquatic processing. The present study was conducted to investigate a new, applied and cheap method of fillet quality grading for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using fish size, based on mathematical equations. For this reason, 61 specimens of cultured market size carp were used and after filleting, their moisture, lipid, protein, energy and ash content were measured. Then, the relationships between proximate composition components of fillet and fillet length were studied. Results showed that there is an inverse linear regression relationship between logarithm of moisture content and logarithm of fish length (P〈0.05). The results also showed that there is a positive linear regression relationship between logarithm of lipid and energy content and logarithm of fish length (P〈0.05). No significant relationship was found between logarithm of fillet protein and ash content and logarithm of fish length (P〉0.05). Regarding the relationship between proximate composition of cultured carp fillets and fillet length machine fish sorting based on fish length and grading of moisture, lipid and energy content is feasible. We also found it feasible to determine type of processing and proximate composition of the prepared common carp.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Processing fishery products ; Ash content ; Fish fillets ; Fish culture ; Cyprinus carpio ; Moisture ; Mathematical models ; Filletting ; Lipids ; Freshwater fish ; Nutrition ; Grading ; Energy ; Proteins ; Fish ; Seafood ; Size ; Freshwater
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.27-38
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  • 21
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    The role of dietary nucleotide on energy sources and growth function of common carp, Cyprinus carpio (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Considering the effects of dietary nucleotides on growth and metabolism, this study was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of this nutrient on the sources of the body needed energy, and growth performance of common carp. Fish with average (±SD) weight of 7.5±0.2g were fed to five levels of dietary nucleotides containing 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 percent for 8 weeks. Fish were fed 5 times daily according the satiation. After 56 days, the results showed that the level 0.2% nucleotide had the highest growth rate in terms of weight and length, but other parameters such as body weight, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio, differences were not significantly changed. Biochemical analysis of serum parameters and proximate analysis showed that the physiological function of fish affected by different levels of nucleotides whereas in the energy supply sources, including glucose, triacyleglycerol, total protein and albumin there were no significant difference in cholesterol and lipid content of carcass. This study conveys a positive effect on the biosynthesis of dietary nucleotides on energy sources and growth functions, while the common carp has ability to synthesize this substance into the body, the level of 0.2% in the diet can affection *Corresponding author sufficient effect on growth and some biochemical indices.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Nucleotides ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; Glucose ; Dietary ; Energy ; Growth ; Nutrition ; Fat
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.133-146
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  • 22
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    Determination of diatary protein and energy level s and optimum lipid to carbohydrate ratio for Gattan (barbus xanthopterus) fingerlings (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was done is three phase ,to required suitable level of protein and energy and optimum carbohydrate to lipid ratio ( B.xanthopterus) fingerling . Phase one: Determine of dietary protein and energy l eve in tanks (300 liters) treatment with triplicate e in different level of protein ( 25 ,30 ,35 percentage ) and three level of energy ( 250 ,300 ,350 kcal / gr) the result showed that the best (GSR and WG) belongs to diet with protein % 35 and 300 kcal /gr . this experiment showed with increased of protein , SGR and WG increased and the one special level of protein with increased of energy level ,first SGR and WG increased (the most of SGR belonged 300 kcal / gr) ,and SGR decreased . Phase 2 : Determine optimum lipid to carbohydrate ratio in tanks ( 300 liters) In this phase with suitable level of protein and energy( protein %35 and 300kcal/gr) determined 5 ratio of carbohydrate and lipid ( /8 , 2/8 , 4/86/8 , 8/8 ) . in this phase best diet determined with 4/8 ratio , and 6/8 , 2/8 ratios were after that carbohydrate and lipid ratio . Phase 3 : Determine optimum lipid to carbohydrate ratio in pond : In this phase , the result of thirty phase were like second phase . we determined that the best SGR and WG and WG % belonged to 4/8 carbohydrate and lipid ratio and 6/8 2/8 ratio were after 4/8 carbohydrate and lipid rate.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Protein ; Energy ; Lipid ; Carbohydrate ; Gattan ; Barbus xanthopterus ; Fingerlings ; B.xanthopterus ; Dietary ; SGR
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 157pp.
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  • 23
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    Estimation of tidal electric energy potential of Khowr Doragh estuary (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Khowr Doragh located at the northern end of the Khowr Mousa in the southwest of Iran.In present study; tide in Khowr Doragh was simulated by the hydro dynamical part of COHERENS model using the relationship between the potential energy and sea surface. Model was based on a five layers sigma vertical coordinate. Taking into consideration the connection between Imam Khomeini Port Complex, Special Economic Zone and the presumed location of the plant, various options for energy supply in the study area is defined based on the demand. In the simplest case, without any interference with existing port activities, 32 MW in average and 11.2 MW (35% efficiency) electric energy can be extracted. Electricity production will be possible both in the ebb and flood by installing two directional turbines with more technical complexity and higher price. By dividing area into two separate pools, electricity would be produced throughout day and night. By constructing a dam at the main entrance of Khowr Doragh a 20 Km^2 natural pool would be created which can produce 25 MW of electricity per day. By assumption of dredging and clearance of land surrounding by Khowr Doragh and Khowr Zangi , model was run for 29 and 60 Km^2 pools that would be created. Calculated results show the possibilities of producing 36 and 74 MW of electricity in the 29 and 60 Km^2 respectively.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Estimation ; Electric ; Energy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.16-24
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  • 24
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    Effect of dietary protein and protein energy ratio on the growth performance of lemon fin barb hybrid (Hypsibarbus wetmorei X Puntius gonionotus) larvae (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A series of two experiments was conducted to study the optimum dietary protein level and protein to energy ratio of lemon fin barb hybrid larvae. In Experiment 1, five isocaloric diets (4700 kcal per kg) ranging from 40 to 60% protein in 5% increments were fed to triplicate groups of lemon fin barb hybrid larvae (initial weight: 0.10 ± 0.01 mg per fish) for 21 days. Weight gain of fish was proportional to the protein content of the diet up to an incorporation rate of 50%. Among formulated diets, the diet with 50% protein produced the highest weight gain (4.26 ± 0.03 mg). The dietary protein level that yielded maximum growth was 52.1% based on a broken-line model estimation of weight gain. Based on these results, two dietary protein levels (50% and 55%) were used along with three energy levels (4500, 4700 and 4900 kcal per kg diet) at each protein level in Experiment 2. The survival of fish fed diets containing 55% protein was significantly lower (p〈0.05) than that of fish fed diets containing 50% protein regardless of the energy level. Weight gain of fish was significantly (p〈0.05) different at all dietary protein and energy levels. The best growth was observed in larvae fed diet 3 containing 50% protein with 4900 kcal/kg energy with the highest weight gain (3.12 ± 0.00 mg), feed conversion ratio (0.87 ± 0.02) and protein energy ratio (97.35 mg/kcal).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Protein ; Energy ; Lemon fin barb hybrid ; Larvae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.711-721
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  • 25
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    Internal tides in the northern South China Sea from 20-day in-situ mooring observations in 1998. (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: 20-day in-situ ADCP current and CTD data are used to investigate the characteristics and energy of the internal tides in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The results show that the O1, K1, M2 and S2 constituents of internal tides are energetic and diurnal constituents (O1 and K1) are dominating. In the observational period, the current vectors of these four constituents all rotate clockwise and the maximum semi-major axe of internal tidal ellipses is more than 14 cm/s. The variation of ocean temperature shows that the internal tides present obvious quasi-diurnal oscillation and the average amplitude reaches 50 m. Furthermore, these internal tides carry high energy and appear to be intermittent. The maximum values of KE (PE) during the observational period are up to 2 (3.5) kJ/m2 for diurnal internal tides, and up to 1 (1.5) kJ/m2 for semidiurnal internal tides.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Internal tides ; In situ measurements ; Energy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 26
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    Internal tides in the northern South China Sea from 20-day in-situ mooring observations in 1998 (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: 20-day in-situ ADCP current and CTD data are used to investigate the characteristics and energy of the internal tides in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The results show that the O1, K1, M2 and S2 constituents of internal tides are energetic and diurnal constituents (O1 and K1) are dominating. In the observational period, the current vectors of these four constituents all rotate clockwise and the maximum semi-major axe of internal tidal ellipses is more than 14 cm/s. The variation of ocean temperature shows that the internal tides present obvious quasi-diurnal oscillation and the average amplitude reaches 50 m. Furthermore, these internal tides carry high energy and appear to be intermittent. The maximum values of KE (PE) during the observational period are up to 2 (3.5) kJ/m2 for diurnal internal tides, and up to 1 (1.5) kJ/m2 for semidiurnal internal tides.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Internal tides ; In-situ mooring observations ; Energy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Not Known
    Format: pp.12-23
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  • 27
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    A survey on lethal concentration of Cu and Pb in Caspian Sea Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Guilan province in the north of Iran has witnessed a rapid industrial development in recent years causing pollution of water resources in rivers, wetlands and the Caspian Sea coastal areas. We studied the acute toxicity of Copper and Lead in kutum fingerlings through acute toxicity and M.A.C value determination in summer and autumn 2006. A total of 21 aquariums with a capacity of 30 liters each stocked with 10 fingerlings were used in our experiments with the two metals. Six aquaria and six concentrations of Cu and Pb composed the 18 treatments while 3 other aquaria were used as control. For each treatment, three replications were conducted. The relevant physical and chemical parameters of water during the experiments were measured including pH which was in the range 7-7.5, DH=200-250mg/l (CaCO sub(3)), DO= 80% and temperature which was recorded as 24 plus or minus 1C. Fish investigations were conducted in 24 hour intervals. The results indicated that the lethal concentration (LC sub(50)96h) for Copper and Lead are 1.92mg/l and 252.12mg/l respectively and M.A.C. value for Copper and Lead are 0.192mg/l and 25.212mg/l respectively in the Caspian Sea kutum. Hence, we conclude that Copper is more toxic than Lead for the fish.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Rutilus frisii ; Brackish ; Bioaccumulation ; Lethal effects ; Lethal limits ; Replication ; Heavy metals ; Fingerlings ; Water resources ; Toxicity ; Copper ; Freshwater fish ; Lead
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.169-174
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  • 28
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    Effect of different dietary protein to energy ratios (P/E) on growth performance and body composition of farmed Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: To improve Persian sturgeon nutrition and determine its nutritional requirements, a growth trial was conducted to measure optimum dietary protein to energy ratio in Persian sturgeon sub-yearlings. Four diets: H (P/E=21.33mg/kJ), N (P/E=20.24mg/kJ), L (P/E=19.22 mg/kJ) and M(P/E=18.26mg/kJ) were used in the experiment. Triplicate groups of fish were kept in 500L fiberglass tanks under homogenous culture conditions (dissolved oxygen, light and water flow rate) and fed with the experimental diets. Fish were fed to satiation four times per day during 130 one fourth ¬ days of experiment when the average water temperature and dissolved oxygen were 12.82 plus or minus 1.48 degree C and 9.55 plus or minus 0.18mg/l respectively. Fish in all treatments grew fast and efficiently utilized the diets. Growth rate, FE, GR, SGR and PER increased with decreasing dietary protein to energy ratios. A higher growth was observed in the fishes fed with lower P/E ratios. Food intake and fatness coefficient increased with increasing dietary energy and decreasing P/E ratios. There were no significant differences in feeding efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in fish fed with diet N (high carbohydrate and low lipid content) and diet L (low carbohydrate and high lipid content). We conclude that the Persian sturgeon is able to use lipids and carbohydrates as non-protein sources of energy. The results of the present study demonstrated that the protein content and P/E ratio for optimum growth and efficient protein utilization in Persian sturgeon is 40% and 18.3-19.2mg protein/kJ energy, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Food absorption ; Acipenser persicus ; Brackish ; Growth rate ; Biochemical composition ; Diet ; Energy ; Protein deficiency ; Dietary deficiencies ; Fish Culture ; Feed composition
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.129-140
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  • 29
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    Effect of different dietary protein and energy levels on growth of juvenile Beluga (Huso huso) (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A 2 × 4 factorial design was conducted to study the effects of dietary protein and energy levels on growth performance of juvenile beluga (Huso huso) with average weight of 49.85 ± 1.64 g. Experiments were conducted with two dietary protein levels (40 and 45%) and four dietary energy level (18.5, 19.8, 21.1 and 22.4 MJ/kg diet) by ratio P/E (18.03 to 24.14 mg/kj). Fish were fed the experimental diets for 110 days. In each of the protein levels (40 and 45%), the feed efficiency, body weight increase, Protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate, final body weight and total feed intake of fish improved significantly as dietary energy levels increased (P≤ 0.05). Growth of fish fed high- energy diets was significantly higher than those of fish fed low- energy diets at 40 and 45% dietary protein levels (P≤ 0.05). Protein content of carcass increased when dietary protein increased, but there was no significant different (P≥ 0.05) between 40 and 45 % protein. Lipid content of fish fed diet high- energy level was significantly higher than those of fish fed low dietary energy (P≤ 0.05). So the maximum growth and weight( 22.4 ± 5.3 gr) was observed in treatment, that were fed diets containing 45% protein & 22.4 mega joule crude energy. Considering that no significant difference were affected for among the diet for the parameters studied, the diet containing 40 % protein, 21 % fat and 21.1 mega Joule crude energy per kilogram diet with a P/E ratio of 20 mg protein per kilo joule from a good quality source is a suitable diet in terms of physiology and economy can be considered a suitable diet to produce maximum growth in juvenile beluga in the weight class 49 to 200g.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Huso huso ; Beluga ; Dietary ; Protein ; Energy ; Levels ; Growth ; Juvenile
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.107-119
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  • 30
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    Effects of feeding levels on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, energy and protein maintenance requirement of fingerling, rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding level, energy and protein maintenance requirement of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fingerling (5.650.45cm; 1.420.25g) by feeding casein-gelatin based purified diet (45% CP; 3.67 kcal g^-1 GE) at six feeding levels from 2 to 7% of BW/day in two equal meals, at 0800 and 1700 h, in triplicate, with 20 fish per trough equipped with continuous water flow-through system water (60L volume). Maximum live weight gain, best feed conversion ratio (FCR), best specific growth rate (SGR) and highest protein efficiency ratio (PER) were reported in fish fed 4-5% BW day^-1 . However, quadratic regression analysis for weight gain, FCR, PER, protein retention efficiency and energy retention efficiency data indicated the break-points occurred at 5.33, 4.50, 4.48, 4.63 and 4.74% BW day^-1 , respectively. Body composition also produced significant (p〈0.05) differences with respect to each feeding level, maximum protein, lowest moisture and intermediate fat contents were reported at 4-5% feeding levels. Protein and energy retention values also produced significant (p〈0.05) differences among each feeding level with maximum values were reported at 5% feeding level. Based on the results, it is recommended that feeding in the range of 4.6 to 5.3% BW day^-1 , corresponding to 2.07-2.39g protein and 16.88-19.45 kcal energy g100g^-1 of the diet day^-1 is optimum for the growth and efficient feed utilization of rainbow trout, while 2-3% feeding levels (0.90-1.35g protein and 7.34-11.01 kcal energy) suggests that these amounts approximate the maintenance requirement of fish.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Feeding rate ; Growth performance ; Maintenance requirement ; Rainbow trout ; Fingerling ; Protein ; Energy ; Body composition ; Feed ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.745-762
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  • 31
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    Effect of protein and energy levels of diet on the growth parameters of shirbot (Barbus grypus )in the grow out stage (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was done is two phases, to determine required suitable level of protein and energy for Barbus grypus to get maximum growth to market size. Phase 1-finger ling phase Treatments with triplicate in different level of protein (25, 30, 35 percentage) and different level of digestible energy (kcal/100 gr 250,300,350) were used. Also the effect of mentioned diets on fish growth by calculating (WG, FER, FCR, SVR, PER, SGR) was studied. 9 treatments with triplicate random group of 15 fish per 300 liter tank the mean of were stuclied for 60 days. Body weight was (29.68±0.19gr). The results showed that in constant protein levels growth parameters improved to a special level with in Creasing energy level but in constant. Protein decrease with in crase in energy level. The result of caracass showed energy, protein, fiber and lipid caracass increased with increase in protein and energy, ash level of diet, on the other hand the mentioned diets had meaningfull effect on biochemical composition of caracass except (protein and ash). The best protein level was (%30) and suitable energy level was (250 Kcal/100gr). Phase 2: Grow out stage The best diets (P30%) and (250Kcal/100gr) and (p350%),(300kcal/100gr),(p35%)(350Kcal/100gr)was determind of second phase. These three suitable diets 3 treament in a soil pond 160m² with primary weight 98.3±23 in 60 day. Siqnificant different bet ween treatments were obsereved based on WG,FER,FCR,SVR,PER,SGR Indices. There were no Siqnificant different in (fish body composition)in second phases of experiment. The level of energy,protein,fiber and lipid. In fishes body were increased with in increasing the diet protein. Finally, according to mean valves,30% protein level and (250 Kcal/100gr) energy for barbus grypus are suggestedias the best levels.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biochemical ; Barbus Grypus ; Protein ; Energy ; Fingerling ; Grow out stage ; Diet ; Body weight ; Ash ; Parameters ; Growth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 101pp.
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  • 32
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    Effect of dietary protein and energy levels on growth of juvenile orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In order to evaluate the protein and energy requirement of orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides Fingerlings, nine semi-purified experimental diets containing 3 levels of crude protein (40%, 50% and 60%) and 3 levels of diegestible energy (DE, 14, 16 and 18 KJgr-1) in a flow-throught system (2 Litmin-1) at 24.32±1.11°C were tested. For 8-weeks Triplicate groups of 20 fish (16.79±.4 gr) were each stocked in 300 L circular polyethylene tanks and were fed the experimental diets to approximate satiation twice daily. Results showed that the survival rate hepatosomatic index (HSI) and condition factor (CF) were independent of the dietary treatments but final weight weight gain specific growth rate(SGR) feed efficiency (FE) feed conversion ratio (FCR) protein efficiency ratio (PER) and daily feed intake (DFI) were significantly affected by protein and digestible energy levels. Diet 5 (50%CP and 16 KJ/gr DE) was the preferred diet and resulted in the best growth performance feed and protein efficiency and nutrient utilization among the examined diets. DFI was the lowest for diet with the highest protein (60%) and energy (18 KJgr-1). Apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) varied insignificantly (P〉0.05) between the treatments. viscerosomatic index(VSI) increased significantly with increasing dietary energy concentrations. Body lipid ash and moisture contents were affected by dietary protein and energy levels (P〈0.05). Body lipid content increased with increasing dietary energy levels but carcass ash and moisture decreased with increasing dietary energy levels. Body protein content was not affected by dietary energy level but significantly increased with the increase of protein from 40 to 50% at same energy levels. The study revealed that fingerlings of orange-spotted grouper E. coioides performed best a diet containing 50% crude protein, 16 KJgr-1 diegestible energy and a P/DE ratio, 31.25 mgkJ-1.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Experimental ; Epinephelus coioides ; Protein ; Energy ; Growth ; Feed utilization ; Body Composition ; Fingerlings ; HSI ; SGR ; Dietary ; E. coioides
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    Type: Report , Refereed
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    Investigation of nutritional requirements of Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus nipowitschi) fingerling (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary levels of protein (%30,%35,%40,%45) , fat (%8,%12,%16,%20) and total energy (3500,4000,4500,5000 kcal/kg ) on growth of fingerling Roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus knipowitschi ) in four treatments with triplicates. The crude protein of experiment, fish averaged 2.60 gr stoking density of 25 fish/tank in a during of 57 days, the crude fat of experiment, averaged 5.30 gr stoking density of 15 fish/tank in a during of 67 days and the gross energy of experiment, averaged 5.30 gr stoking density of 25 fish/tank in a during of 57 days which reared into 100L-fiber glass tanks. At the end of each experiments, growth average parameters, such as weight gain(%), specific growth rate, food conversion ratio, condition factor and survival (%) were not significantly different among all treatments (P〉0/05) but protein efficiency ratio showed in fish fed of %30 and %35 protein at levels significantly different with another treatments (P〈0/05). In all of experimentes, significant difference was found whole-body protein, lipid contents of fish fed the different dietary protein, lipid and energy levels indicated that significant difference among of treatments. As regards the economics of feeding and effective protein utilization, the dietary containing %30, %16 fat levels and total energy 5000 kcal/kg would be suitable to growth roach fingerling.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Nutritional ; Protein ; Fat ; Energy ; Growgh ; Fish roach ; Rutilus rutilus caspicus knipowitschi ; Fingerlings ; Survival ; Lipid ; Feeding
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    Type: Report , Refereed
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    Effect of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on the Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile Orange-spotted Grouper, Epinephelus coioides (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: To evaluate the protein and energy requirement of orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides fingerlings, nine experimental diets including 3 levels of crude protein (40%, 50% and 60%) and 3 levels of digestible energy (DE, 14, 16 and 18KJ.g-1), were tested. Triplicate 300 L circular tanks provided with flow-through water system (2L. min-1) and air stone and each stocked with 20 juvenile of grouper fish (16.79±0.4g) were applied to adopt an experimental test for 8-weeks rearing period. The stocked fishes were fed experimental diets to approximate satiation, twice a day. Results showed that the survival rate, hepatosomatic index (HSI) and condition factor (CF) were independent of the dietary treatments, but final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate(SGR), feed efficiency (FE), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and daily feed intake (DFI) were significantly affected by protein and digestible energy levels (P〈0.05). Diet 5 (50%CP and 16KJ.g-1 DE) was the preferred among the tested diets and resulted in the best growth performance, feed and protein efficiency and nutrient utilization among the examined diets. DFI was the lowest for diet with the highest protein (60%) and energy (18KJ.g-1). Apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) varied insignificantly (P〉0.05) between the treatments. viscerosomatic index(VSI) increased significantly with the increasing of diet energy level. Body lipid, ash and moisture contents were affected by dietary protein and energy levels. Body lipid content increased with increasing dietary energy levels, but carcass ash and moisture decreased. Body protein content was not affected by dietary energy level, but significantly increased when protein increased from 40% to 50% at same energy levels (P〈0.05). The study revealed that fingerlings of orange-spotted grouper, E. coioides showed highest growth performance when fed diet containing 50% crude protein, 16KJ.g-1 digestible energy with the P/DE ratio, of 31.25mg/kJ.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Grouper ; Epinephelus coioides ; Dietary ; Protein ; Energy ; Levels ; Growth ; Composition ; Body ; Juvenile
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.41-56
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    Effect of different levels of energy and different sources of protein on the growth performance, feeding index, survival rate and body composition of juvenile pacific white shrimp (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present study was carried out in order to establish an economical affective diet so that the white leg shrimp grows well in the suthern part conditin of Iran. With the consideration of 3 dietary energy levels (E1=262, E2=312 and E3=362 kcal 100 g -1diet) and 6 ratios of fish meal:soybean meal (P1=100%, P2=80%, P3= 60%, P4=40%, P5= 20% and P6=0%), 18 experimental diets were established. Completely randomized design was used to assign 54 polyethylene 300 litrs round tanks provided by aeration and flow through water systems and was stocked by 19 juvenile as 3 replicates to each shrimps (0.77±00 g). After 56 days growing period maximum growth and nutritional performances were respectively observed in the P6E1(containing 100% soybean meal and 262 kcal 100 g -1diet) and P5E1(containing 80% soybean meal and 262 kcal 100 g -1diet). Also most survival rate of the shrimp was in the P5E2 (containing 80% soybean meal and 312 kcal 100 g 1diet) and P3E3 (containing 40% soybean meal and 362 kcal 100 g -1diet) respectively. Results of the present study suggest the possibility replacements of at least 80% of dietary fish meal by soybean meal in the diet of white leg western shrimp in the condition of southern part of Iran.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Economical ; Vannamei ; Juvenile ; Soybean ; Fish Meal ; Energy ; Protein ; Growth ; Feeding index ; Survival rate ; Body Composition ; Pacific white shrimp ; White leg shrimp ; Dietary
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    Type: Report , Refereed
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    Wetland resource evaluation and the NRA's role in its conservation. Classification of British wetlands (2021)
    National Rivers Authority | Bristol, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11035 | 1256 | 2013-03-26 13:41:14 | 11035 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: This is the Wetland resource evaluation and the NRA's role in its conservation: Classification of British wetlands report produced by the National Rivers Authority in 1995. This R&D document provides a clear classification for wetlands in England and Wales. The classification incorporates many of the existing ideas on the subject but avoids some of the problems associated with other classifications. A two-layered 'hydrotopographical' classification is proposed. The first layer identifies situation-types, i.e. the position the wetland occupies in the landscape, with special emphasis upon the principal sources of water. The second layer identifies hydrotopographical elements, i.e. units with distinctive water supply and, sometimes, distinctive topography in response to this. This system is seen as an independent, basic, classification upon which it is possible to superimpose additional, independent classifications based on other features (e.g. base-status, fertility, vegetation, management etc.). Some proposals for such additional classifications are provided.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Wales ; Inland waters ; Wetlands ; Resource ; Classification ; Key ; Hydrotopography ; Survey
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 106
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    ColacMarCuba XIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Ciencias del Mar COLACMAR.VIII Congreso de Ciencias del Mar MarCuba. 4to. Taller Internacional PESCA'2009. (2021)
    Comité Oceanográfico Nacional | La Habana, Cuba
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14976 | 1545 | 2014-05-09 22:58:38 | 14976 | Acuario Nacional de Cuba
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: Contiene los trabajos presentados, el programa científico y el perfil de instituciones marinas cubanas. Contains abstracts of the papers presented, the scientific program and the profile of Cuban marine institutions.
    Description: IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Oceanography ; coastal zone ; marine resources ; aquaculture ; aquariology education ; genetics ; marine pollution ; microbiology ; zona costera ; recursos marinos ; acuacultura ; acuariología ; educación ; genética ; contaminación marina ; microbiología ; marine biodiversity ; biodiversidad marina ; congresos ; congress ; manejo integrado de la zona costera ; integrated management of the coastal zone ; simposio ; symposium ; cambio climático ; climate change ; Centro de Ingeniería y Manejo Ambiental de Bahías y Costas- CIMAB ; Instituto de Oceanología ; Instituto de Geología y Paleontología ; Acuario Nacional de Cuba ; taller ; workshop ; pesca ; fishery ; Cuba ; Congreso Latinoamericano ; ColacMarCuba ; Latin American Congress ; University for all ; Universidad para todos ; tabloides ; Conozcamos el Mar ; El Mundo subterráneao ; El Mar y sus recursos ; mamíferos marinos ; marine mammals ; biotechnology ; biotecnología ; marine ecosystem ; ecosistemas marinos ; marine sciences ; ciencias marinas ; CIM ; CIP ; conferencias ; conferences ; mesas redondas ; courses ; cursos.
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    Geringster Kabeljaubestand vor Westgrönland seit 1982 (2021)
    In:  sf@vti.bund.de | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4331 | 1240 | 2012-11-11 16:24:19 | 4331 | Bundesforschungsanstalt für Fischerei
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010
    Keywords: Fisheries ; stock data ; cod ; East Greenland ; climate change ; stock development ; biomass
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    The importance of temporary waters for Diptera (true-flies) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4646 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 16:07:43 | 4646 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Flies are the largest order of wetland insects in Britain. Of 6668 known species, larvae of at least 1138 are considered to be aquatic while a large number, perhaps as many again, are associated with wetlands. Despite this abundance of species they have been neglected in nearly all studies of temporary ponds. The prerequisites that are usually quoted for surviving in temporary pools are an ability to reach maturity before the system dries out, physiological or behavioural mechanisms to survive the dry period, and an ability to recolonise. Larvae of many British wetland Diptera have these features, which should enable them to develop and survive in temporary ponds. Some examples are considered in this article, with brief comments on adaptations in insects from other geographical regions.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Temporary ponds ; Habitat ; Insect larvae ; Life cycle ; Animal physiology ; Aquatic insects ; Adaptations ; Wetlands ; Diptera
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    Type: article
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    Structural dynamic eutrophication models (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5299 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:19 | 5299 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This article discusses problems of modelling the seasonal succession of algal species in lakes and reservoirs, and the adaptive selection of certain groups of algae in response to changes in the inputs and relative concentrations of nutrients and other environmental variables. A new generation of quantitative models is being developed which attempts to translate some important biological properties of species (survival, variation, inheritance, reproductive rates and population growth) into predictions about the survival of the fittest, where ”fitness” is measured or estimated in thermodynamic terms. The concept of ”exergy” and its calculation is explored to examine maximal exergy as a measure of fitness in ecosystems, and its use for calculating changes in species composition by means of structural dynamic models. These models accomodate short-term changes in parameters that affect the adaptive responses (species selection) of algae.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Freshwater lakes ; Models ; Growth ; Modelling ; Energy ; Inland water environment ; Thermodynamics
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    Type: book_section , FALSE
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    Umschwung in der Nordseefischerei (2021)
    In:  sf@vti.bund.de | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/6925 | 1240 | 2011-11-01 12:08:32 | 6925 | Bundesforschungsanstalt für Fischerei
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Johann Heinrich von Thunen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung – Information on Fishery research in 2010
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Management ; fish stocks ; North Sea ; ICES ; report ; stock development ; fishery management ; industrial fisheries ; interactions ; climate change ; ecosystem ; North Sea
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 157-158
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    What is new webby: A new gender initiative (2021)
    In:  icsf@icsf.net | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/27070 | 25 | 2020-08-06 06:37:52 | 27070 | International Collective in Support of Fishworkers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The Gender Climate Tracker (GCT) mobile app and online platform provides experts, practitioners, decision-makers, negotiators, and advocates with easy, on-the-go access to the latest and regularly updated information on policies, mandates, research, decisions, and actions related to gender and climate change. The app, available through the AppStore and GooglePlay, and online platform (https://wedo.org/gender-climate-tracker-app/) serve as a hub of information related to gender mandates within climate policy, the participation of women in climate negotiations, and tracking of gender-specific progress in each country.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Sociology ; Yemaya Newsletter ; gender ; small-scale fisheries ; mobile app ; climate change ; women in fisheries
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    Type: article
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    Samudra Report No.84, December 2020 (2021)
    The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | Chennai, India
    In:  icsf@icsf.net | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/27161 | 25 | 2021-02-22 00:39:34 | 27161 | International Collective in Support of Fishworkers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-26
    Description: The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) has just published the latest issue of SAMUDRA Report, its triannual journal on fisheries, communities and livelohoods. The current edition, SAMUDRA Report No. 84, dated December 2020, features a range of articles from countries around the world like Peru, Kiribati, Belize, France, the Philippines, Brazil, Ghana, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Vietnam.The issue also carries articles that discuss small-scale fisheries (SSF) and the SSF Guidelines, the ocean economy, tourism and labour rights, among other topics.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; ICSF ; Samudra Report ; Small-scale fisheries ; Kiribati ; Vulnerability ; climate change ; fishing communities ; France ; Philippines ; Sustainable ocean Economy ; coastal communities ; Brazil ; Myanmar ; Sri Lanka ; Ghana ; SSF Guidelines ; Fisheries Policy ; Fishworkers ; Vietnam
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Marine Wetland Interactions and Policy in Tanzania (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The marine wetland habitat types of Tanzania are defined. The interactions between the ecosystems supporting these habitats are briefly described. The connections between these habitats demand a multi-sectoral approach to their management and the concept ofintegrated management, and its application to the marine wetlands of Mafia Island, ispresented. Guidelines for the legislation and administration of such areas are also presented. The problems of implementation of such a policy in Tanzania and the suitability of thisconcept to the management of terrestrial wetlands is discussed. The Ramsar Convention defines marine wetlands as those areas from the highest extent of the tide to six metres below lowest tide level. This definition of marine wetlands includes asignificant proportion of Tanzania's 900 km long, narrow coastal zone. The coastal zonesupports a number of economically and socially important natural resources as well aspossessing areas of international, regional and national significance with regard toconservation.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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    River Basin Planning and Management of Wetlands (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Rufiji River basin has wetlands with economic functions that require conservation; these functions have hitherto been taken for granted. Mismanagement of this basin wouldhave direct effects on these various functions and their values. The execution of largeprojects (e.g. hydropower and irrigation) may have effects which need to be evaluated.Coordinated planning and management at the river basin level is required for the sustainableutilisation of wetlands. To illustrate river basin planning, the catchment of the Rufiji River has been used as anexample in this paper. The Rufiji Basin (Figure 1) is the largest catchment basin in Tanzania, covering 177,420 km2, and has the highest potential for hydropower in Tanzania.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: River basin management ; Wetlands
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    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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    Policy Development for Wetland Management (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Wetlands Programme within the Ministry of Water, Energy, Minerals and EnvironmentProtection is described as well as its major activity of developing a national policy onwetlands, by advising the various branches of government and consulting with people wholive in and use wetlands. The programme also provides technical information for theplanning of wetland activities and oversees developments in wetlands. About 10% of Uganda's total land area, 205,000 km2, is occupied by wetlands andhistorically these areas were referred to as wastelands. The belief that wetlands, especiallymarshes, are a major source of diseases like malaria and bilharzia has discouraged theirutilisation. Lind (1956) notes that although they occupy a large area of Uganda, thesewaterlogged areas have hitherto attracted little attention, being considered useless except toprovide a few fish and buildin_ materials in a country where good agricultural land wasplentiful. This notion has apparently changed and over the last 20 years the wetland resourcehas been put under considerable pressure from agriculture resulting in the draining of many wetlands and modification of several others.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands
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    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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    Conservation of wetlands of Tanzania (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The major wetland systems of Tanzania are described together with specific functions,products and attributes of lakes, rivers, swamps, estuaries, mangroves and coastal areas. Reasons and priorities for the conservation of wetlands are given together with the existingproblems of wetland conservation and their solutions.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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    Conservación y Manejo de Humedales Costeros de la Comuna de Coquimbo, Chile: experiencias y aprendizajes de un modelo de intervención en la Costa Pacífico Sudamericana (2008)
    CONyMA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El Sistema de Humedales Costeros de la Comuna de Coquimbo configura una zona clave para la Costa Pacífico Sudamericana, albergando zonas húmedas de singular biodiversidad que cumplen una importante función como lugar de descanso y alimentación para numerosas especies, siendo destacadas como áreas de invernada de aves migratorias neotropicales. La importancia individual de los humedales de esta zona de Chile, y de su recurso hídrico asociado, se incrementa si se considera que son parte de una cadena de sitios en una zona semi árida fuertemente desertificada.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Wetlands ; Coastal zone management
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    Type: Proceedings Paper
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    Social and cultural values of wetlands in Tanzania (2005)
    IUCN
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The socio-economic aspects of wetland farming and fisheries' are discussed together with the cultural values of wetlands such as scenery, sources of traditional medicine, anddiseases. The socio-political features of wetland life are mentioned as well as theinternational considerations of wetland water needs. A plea is made for more research intoindigenous knowledge of wetland values and products.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Socioeconomic aspects
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    Type: Book Section , Non-Refereed
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    Water supply from wetlands in Tanzania (2005)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper gives a brief discussion on water supply from wetlands in Tanzania. The majordrainage basins in Tanzania are described and the status and role of the Division of WaterResearch in the monitoring of water resources and data collection from wetlands and watersources are highlighted. The role of wetlands in the hydrological cycle, and the utilisation ofwetlands as water supply sources are discussed. The need for conservation and protection ofwetlands and other water sources is outlined.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Water supply
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    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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    An Overview of African Wetlands (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The African region as described in this overview includes the mainland continent and the island states of Cape Verde, Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Sao Tome & Principe, and Seychelles, making up a total of 53 States, 23 of which are Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention. Africa's size and diversity of landscape are striking: bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Indian and Atlantic oceans to the east and west respectively, and the Antarctic in the south, it covers 70º of latitude, several climatic zones, and a considerable altitudinal range. Various wetland types characterize the diverse and panoramic African environment, from mountains reaching an altitude of 6,000m through deserts to coastal zones at sea level. Although wetlands constitute only around 1% of Africa's total surface area, (excluding coral reefs and some of the smaller seasonal wetlands), and relatively little scientific investigation has been undertaken in them in comparison to other ecosystems such as forest or to wetlands in other parts of the world, their important role in support of the region's biodiversity and the livelihood of large human populations is becoming increasingly clear from ongoing studies.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wetlands
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    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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    Pollution of wetlands in Tanzania (2005)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Pollution of wetlands is becoming a serious concern, due mainly to the rapid increase ofhuman development activities. Although most extensive wetlands are in remote places where the human activities which lead to pollution of the environment are minimal, somehave become polluted by waste products related to development activities or humansurvival. In this paper, major types of pollution from human activities are considered, includingurbanisation, industrialisation, mining, agricultural activities and oil pollution. Proposals for combating pollution problems in wetlands are discussed with a focus onpolicy, planning and legislation; administration and institutional support; environmental research and technology; and improving information, environmental education and publicawareness. Finally, the paper highlights some approaches and techniques for pollution prevention.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Pollution ; Wetlands
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    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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    The Ephemeral Wetlands of Central Northern Namibia (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The ephemeral wetland system of central northern Namibia consists of the Etosha Pan, Lake Oponono and the Cuvelai inland delta/drainage. This is by far the largest wetland system in Namibia, covering some 30,000km2. The area can be subdivided into several distinct habitats, each with its distinguishing biodiversity. The Cuvelai drainage system is characterized by open, grassy drainage channels known as 'oshanas'. These are lined by the palm Hyphaene ventricosa and Colophospermum mopane trees dominate between the water courses. Adjoining to the south of this are the seasonally flooded grasslands on saline soils. Here the 'oshanas' converge into Lake Oponono via the Omuramba Etaka. Dominant grasses are Odyssea paucinervis, Sporobolus spicata and S. salsus, Panicum lanipes, Monelytrum luederitzianum and Eragrostris spp. To the south of this is the Etosha Pans complex which can be classified as saline desert. In years of above average rainfall, Lake Oponono drains into the Ekuma River which in turn flows into the Etosha Pan. Floodwaters can also reach Etosha via Fischer's Pan to the east, which gets its water from the Omathiya and Owambo Omiramba. The fringes of the pan are lined by sweet grassveld and Combretum/Terminalia/Acacia woodland.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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    Irrigation of wetlands in Tanzania (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Over 1,164,000 ha of wetland areas are listed as suitable for irrigation, mainly for cropproduction and livestock grazing. Existing and planned irrigation schemes are described forthe ,main river basins where large areas are devoted to rice and sugar cane. Emphasis' isplaced on the value of small scale, farmer-managed irrigation schemes and the rehabilitation of traditional systems.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Irrigation ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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    A River Story: Waters in the Godineau Swamp AND A Peek beneath the surface in the Godineau Swamp: where are the fish? [Poster] (2009)
    Institute of Marine Affairs | Trinidad and Tobago
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Keywords: Swamps ; Fish ; Rivers ; Wetlands ; Aquatic environment ; Swamps ; Fish ; Aquatic environment ; Rivers ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Other
    Format: 2pp.
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    The status of the fishery resource in, the wetlands of Tanzania (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The main types of wetlands in Tanzania are described as an introduction to a coverage of the fisheries of the large lakes, the minor waters, the rivers and the intertidal ecosystems.Fisheries potential is estimated and details of catches for each wetland type are given.Fishing techniques and the future of the fisheries are discussed and recommendations madefor future wetlands fishery conservation.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Fishery resources ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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    Lake George (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Uganda ratified the Ramsar Convention in 1988, and designated Lake George a Ramsar site. Located astride the equator, the lake and associated wetlands support a wide variety of biological resources. The reasons for this are varied, ranging from the good climate to shallow stratified waters (average 2.4m) which allow for a thorough mixing of the different layers, and a high alkalinity and photosynthetic activity. The status of Lake George is varied with most of the wetlands fringing the Lake being part of the Queen Elizabeth National Park. The open water of the lake is not part of the National Park and is managed by the Fisheries and Water Departments. This has had implications for management because of inter-sectoral inconsistencies.
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Other
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    Biodiversidad vegetal acuática de los humedales del río Chepu (Chiloé, Región de Los Lagos, Chile) (2013)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se estudió la biodiversidad vegetal acuática y palustre de la Laguna Coluco que forma parte de los Humedales del río Chepu (Chiloé, Chile). La hoya hidrográfica del río Chepu comprende la laguna Coluco y los tributarios de la cuenca: ríos Huentru, Negro, Puntra, Grande, Coluco, abarcando aproximadamente 100 km^2. Los muestreos de terreno se realizaron con la metodología fitosociológica de la Escuela Zürich – Montpellier. Con los censos de vegetación levantados a lo largo del transecto, se confeccionó una tabla fitosociológica inicial con 120 censos y 88 especies vegetales. Esta tabla fue ordenada con los métodos tradicionales, lográndose determinar las 16 asociaciones siguientes: Myriophylletum aquaticum, Potametum pectinatii, Juncetum bulbosii, Potametum lucentis, Utriculario-Nymphaetum, Myriophyllo- Potametum linguatii, Polygono-Ludwigietum, Scirpetum californiae typicum, Scirpetum californiae subasoc. Typhaetosum, Scirpetum californiae var. Carex riparia, Juncetum procerii, Carici-Juncetum procerii, Juncetum microcephalii, Rubo-Ulicetum europaei y Rubo-Blechnetum chilense y Blepharocalyo-Myrceugenietum exsuccae. La flora de la Laguna Coluco está formada por 88 especies, que se clasifican en 52 Dicotiledóneas, 34 Monocotiledóneas y 2 helechos; predominando las especies autóctonas con un 72,7%. En el espectro biológico, según el número de especies dominan los hemicriptófitos y según la cobertura dominan los criptófitos. Las especies más importantes en el humedal son: Scirpus californicus, Juncus procerus, Juncus bulbosus, Lotus uliginosus, Rubus constrictus y Typha angustifolia. Se captaron tres especies con problemas de conservación: Habenaria paucifolia, Leptocarpus chilensis y Triglochin striata.
    Description: In this thesis was studied the vegetal aquatic and swampy flora from lake Coluco which is part of wetlands of the river Chepu (Chiloé, Chile). The river Chepu’s hidrography valley is composed by Lake Coluco and the rivers which convergen in the deep valley as river Huentru, Negro, Puntra, Grande and Coluco, ocuppying 100 km2 approximately. The area samplings were accomplished with the plant sociological methods of the Zürich - Montpellier School. With the vegetation samples lifted to the long of the transect a plant sociological initial table with 120 vegetation samples and 88 plant species was made. This table was ordered with the traditional methodology, being achieved to determine the 16 following associations: Myriophylletum aquaticum, Potametum pectinatii, Juncetum bulbosii, Potametum lucentis, Utriculario-Nymphaetum, Myriophyllo- Potametum linguatii, Polygono-Ludwigietum, Scirpetum californiae typicum, Scirpetum californiae subasoc. Typhaetosum, Scirpetum californiae var. Carex riparia, Juncetum procerii, Carici-Juncetum procerii, Juncetum microcephalii, Rubo-Ulicetum europaei y Rubo-Blechnetum chilense y Blepharocalyo-Myrceugenietum exsuccae. The lake Coluco’s flora is formed for 88 species that are divided in 52 Dicotyledoneae, 34 Monocotyledoneae and 2 Polypodiopsida; predominating autochtonous species with a 72, 7%. In the biologic spectre according the number of species dominate the hemicryptophyes and according the cover dominate the cryptophyes. The most important species are: Scirpus californicus, Juncus procerus, Juncus bulbosus, Lotus uliginosus, Rubus constrictus y Typha angustifolia. They were captured three species with conservation problems: Habenaria paucifolia, Leptocarpus chilensis and Triglochin striata.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Community composition ; Wetlands ; Vegetation cover ; Aquatic plants
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Theses and Dissertations , Bachelor thesis
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    Sebkhet el Kelbia (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Sebkha is a North African vernacular name for a shallow, salty depression. It is a common wetland type especially in semi-arid and arid climates but less so in sub-humid climates. In Tunisia, about 80 wetlands of this type stretch from north to south, most of them located within a short distance of the coast although not usually connected to the sea. They play a major hydrological role in stocking flood waters, recharging and/or discharging groundwater and are prime habitats for a diverse and typical fauna and flora thus generating many benefits to local communities and society as a whole.
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Other
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    Forestry resources in Tanzania's wetlands:concepts and potentials (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Forestry resources include land occupied by, or proclaimed to be forest; the produce found insuch land; and human resources capable of fostering the development of such resources. The following landscape units constitute Tanzania's wetlands: estuaries, open coasts, wetlands incoastal forests, floodplains, freshwater marshes, lakes, peatlands, swamp forests, and ground water forests. Wetlands are sources of food and forest produce, contain plants potentially suitable for agro-forestry and phyto-reclamation, reduce beach erosion, and arc sources of genetic material.Most wetlands face intensive utilisation pressure which endangers their continued existence. Given the multi-utility of wetlands and their diversity in structure, it is not possible to adopt asingle conservation strategy. The ecosystem approach to conservation, incorporating thepreservation of genetic and ecological diversity alongside scientific research, environmentalmonitoring, education and training, is advocated in preference to traditional conservation. Public awareness of the uniqueness of Tanzania's flora and fauna needs to be strengthened as this should guarantee the long term protection of wetlands.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Forestry ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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    Kenya country paper Wetland classification for agricultural development in Eastern and Southern Africa (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Kenya has a growing population projected to increase to 34 million people by the turn of the century. Though the country is undergoing industrial transformation, agriculture remains the mainstay of the economy. The country has an area of about 587 900 km2 of which 576 000 km2 is land surface. 88% of the land surface is classified as arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) and the remaining 12% forms the medium and high agricultural potential land. This classification is based mainly on the moisture index as indicated by average annual rainfall and evapotranspiration. The Great Rift Valley running north/south influences and determines the drainage pattern so that from the flanks of the Rift Valley, water flows westwards to Lake Victoria and eastwards to the Indian Ocean. The Rift Valley itself forms an internal drainage system. In this case therefore, Kenya consists of five major basins: Lake Victoria, Rift Valley, Athi River, Tana River and Ewaso Ngiro basins (Figure 1). However, only two of these basins can be rated to have surplus water resources: Lake Victoria and Tana River. The other three basins have water deficits and often rely on inter-basin water transfers to meet their basic water needs.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Agricultural development ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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    Origin and geomorphology of the wetlands of Tanzania (2005)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wetlands are dynamic landforms which vary in both time and space. Tanzania's wetlands areclassified according to the physiography and the environment in which they exist. Coastalwetlands, Rift System wetlands and the wetlands of highland drainage basins are the majorgroups. Coastal wetlands are formed by wave action and tidal influence; beaches and lagoons exist because of wave action; mudflats, marshes, mangrove swamps, estuaries and deltas aretidal in origin. Rift System wetlands occur in the rift depressions and are characterised by salt lakes, playas, swamps and short streams with inland drainage. The highlands are drained by long rivers originating in the inland catchments and ending in oceans or lake basins. On theway to their outlets, they form lakes, swamps and floodplains.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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    Management of the Rufiji - Delta as a Wetland (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The complex system of marine and freshwater ecosystems, and wetland resources, is describedfor the Rufiji Delta, an area of over 53,000 ha. Multiple resource use and the risk ofoverexploitation are mentioned together with the effects of upstream developments on the delta ecosystems. Possibilities for an integrated resource management system are outlined, including a zoning plan for utilisation of the mangroves. The Rufiji Delta covers 53,255 ha (Semesi, 1989) and forms part of the Rufiji River basin whichextends for some 177,000 km2 (RUB ADA, 1981a) (Figure 1). As a result of deposition of sediment carried by the Rufiji River towards the coast, the shoreline has shifted seaward andpresently protrudes some 15 km into the Mafia Channel.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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    An overview and scope of Tanzanian wetlands (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Tanzania is very rich in wetland resources which include the Great Lake systems, major rivernetworks and deltaic mangroves. The major lakes and floodplains have long provided afertile resource base as they include alluvial plains of great agricultural potential. Wetlands in Tanzania support an extensive trading and transport system, fishing grounds,agro-pastoral activities, hydrological processes and, more recently, the harnessing of the riverflows for irrigation and hydroelectric power.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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    Wildlife resources and tourism in wetlands of Tanzania (2005)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The presence of wetlands in the various protected areas in Tanzania (national parks, gamereserves, controlled areas and the NgorongoroSpecial Conservation Area) is described. The value of tourism in wetlands and the problems of wildlife in wetlands is discussed.Recommendations for the management of wetlands in reserves emphasises the necessaryinvolvement of people who live adjacent tothese areas and are affected by management decisions.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wildlife ; Wetlands ; Tourism
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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    Aves acuáticas en el humedal urbano de Tres Puentes, Punta Arenas (53° S), Chile austral (2012)
    UMAG, Punta Arenas (Chile)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Los humedales urbanos son sitios de alta biodiversidad pero que pueden estar bajo presión antrópica si no son bien manejados. En la ciudad de Punta Arenas (53°S), el humedal de Tres Puentes posee características únicas para conformar un sitio con todos los componentes de conservación (educación, investigación, desarrollo sostenible). Se reporta su composición y abundancia en especies de aves acuáticas durante 6 temporadas estivales. Se registraron 31 especies lo que corresponde al 50 % de las aves acuáticas continentales de la región de Magallanes. Se discute la variabilidad interanual y los posibles impactos producidos por el hombre.
    Description: Urban wetlands are sites with high biodiversity but with anthropic pressure if not well manage. In Punta Arenas city (53°S), Tres Puentes is a unique wetland to create a site with all conservation components (education, research, sustainable development). We report Waterfowl species composition and abundance during 6 breeding season is reported. There were 31 species, corresponding 50% of continental waterfowl of Magallanes region. Interannual variability in species richness, abundance and possible anthropic impacts are discussed.
    Description: Published
    Description: Aves acuáticas, Humedales urbanos
    Keywords: Waterbirds ; Aquatic birds ; Wetlands ; Conservation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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    Aves de la parte baja del Río Sinú, Caribe colombiano; inventario y ampliaciones de distribución (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Knowledge of the geographical distribution of the birds in the Colombian Caribbean is still meager. Coastal wetlands are among the less studied environments in the area and one of the most important for their high bird richness. Since 1998, inventories and monitoring of the bird populations of the lower part of the Sinú river have been made. Until July 2005, 296 bird species have been recorded for the area, 41 of which are new for this part of the Caribbean; in addition, new wintering localities were noted for eight migratory species. Breeding records were obtained for 98 species. Three species are threatened at some level and six have a restricted geographic distribution. New records for the area are explained in terms of the limited previous knowledge of the region’s avifauna.
    Description: Published
    Description: especies migratorias, distribución geográfica, claves de identificación
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Geographical distribution ; Wetlands ; Geographical distribution ; Migratory species ; Identification keys
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.7-42
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    Potencialidades de la energía mar en función de la obtención de energía eléctrica para el desarrollo de la industria pesquera en Cuba (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Estudios oceanográficos realizados en aguas marinas cubanas han permitido identificar grandes diferencias de temperatura en la distribución vertical de las aguas oceánicas adyacentes; estos gradientes térmicos pueden utilizarse para la generación de energía eléctrica a partir del uso de energía térmica marina. Esta tecnología tiene ventajas secundarias, debido a que el agua fría bombeada desde las profundidades es rica en sustancias nutritivas y sin agentes patógenos la que puede ser utilizada en el cultivo de especies marinas. Otras fuentes de energía marina que pueden ser utilizadas como generadoras de energía eléctrica se relacionan con las mareas y la intensidad de las corrientes marinas, sobre todo en canales y pasas donde los flujos se incrementan.
    Description: energía del mar, energía eléctrica, aguas marinas cubanas
    Keywords: Energy ; Energy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Preprint
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    The Ramsar Convention Manual: a Guide to the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971) (2005)
    Ramsar Convention Secretariat, Gland : Switzerland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: The 6th meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties (COP6), held in Brisbane, Australia, in 1996, adopted an innovative Strategic Plan 1997-2002 which became a model for the planning processes of other conventions. Following on from the success of that plan, COP8, in Valencia, Spain, 2002, concluded three years of consultation and drafting by adopting the Strategic Plan 2003-2008. Its purpose is not only to continue the thrust of the first plan but also to take account of the fact that a still broader approach to wetland conservation and sustainable development was needed, notably in relation to poverty eradication and food and water security, integrated approaches to water management, climate change and its predicted impacts, increasing globalization of trade and reducing of trade barriers, the increasing role of the private sector, and the increasing influence of development banks and international development agencies.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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    Threats to the Nyando Wetland. (2015)
    Kenya Disaster Concern & VIRED International & UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: All over the world, wetlands are hot spots of biodiversity and as a result they supply a plethora of goods and services to people living within them and in their adjoining areas. As a consequence, increased human pressure pose the greatest challenge to the well-being of wetlands, with Climate Change and nutrient pollution becoming increasingly important. Globally, the processes that impact on wetlands fall into five main categories that include the loss of wetland area, changes to the water regime, changes in water quality, overexploitation of wetland resources and introductions of alien species. Overall, the underlying threat to wetlands is lack of recognition of the importance of wetlands and the roles they play in national economies and indigenous peoples’ livelihoods. Wetlands form a significant component of the land area; covering around 6% of the land area. However, many of the wetlands have been degraded because of a combination of socioeconomic factors and lack of awareness compounded by lack of frameworks and guidelines for wetland conservation and management. In the Nyando Wetland, major threats include encroachment by people and animals for agriculture, settlement and grazing, overharvesting of papyrus, droughts, fire (burning), soil erosion in the uplands that cause siltation in the wetlands, invasion by alien species such as Mimosa pudica and water hyacinth Eichornia crassipes, and resource use conflicts. These threats in the Nyando Wetland are a result of many past and ongoing human activities, both within and outside the wetland area, especially in the upper catchments of streams and rivers draining into the wetland. Many activities are also planned in the basins of rivers that supply water into the wetland, including the Magwagwa Dam on the Sondu-Miriu River for the supply of water for irrigation and a dam planned for on the Nyando River to control floods. These projects are a threat to the well being of the wetland and should be planned while taking care of the negative impacts they may pose to the wetland and other fragile ecosystems in the region.
    Description: Nyando Wetland Utility Resource Optimization Project
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Climatic changes ; Introduced species ; Soil erosion ; Eichornia crassipes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.68-80
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    The Extension Needs of Households Utilizing Riverine Wetlands and their Contribution to Food Security in Nyamira Division, Kenya. (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The riverine wetlands in Nyamira Division of Nyamira County in Kenya are important in provision of food and other resources to the community residing in this area yet they are being exploited in a non-sustainable. The extension programmes provided by the government of Kenya have not adequately addressed the extension needs of households utilizing these wetlands because policies developed on wetlands in Kenya advocate for wetland conservation and not sustainable use. This study aimed to establish the extent to which agricultural extension services provide information that enable households apply sustainable exploitation of wetland resources and their contribution to household food security in Nyamira Division. Cross-sectional survey and stratified random sampling design was used to select 120 household as respondents to structured interview schedules used to collect data, followed by focused group discussions. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data collected using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) programme. The results showed minimal extension services provided by the agricultural extension officers on the use of riverine wetlands, with low contact between household heads and extension service providers. It also showed that utilization of riverine wetlands contribute to household food security. It is recommended that government policies incorporate extension needs of households utilizing wetlands and recognize their contribution to household food security so as to promote their wise use.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Food security ; Inland waters ; Water bodies ; Water reservoirs ; Exploitation ; Resource development
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Not Known
    Format: pp.48-60
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    Nyando Wetland in the Future. (2015)
    Kenya Disaster Concern & VIRED International & UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The future of Nyando Wetland seem to be at cross-roads between community livelihood support and biodiversity conservation. This important wetland ecosystem, currently threatened by pollution from both diffuse and point sources, Climate Change and variability, poverty manifesting itself as low income, knowledge and food insecurity portend serious and deleterious effects on the ecosystem integrity as well as the socioeconomic well-being of Nyando Wetland-dependent communities. The degradation of this wetland has been exacerbated by lack of a substantive wetland policy and a gazzeted inventory/map of Kenya’s wetlands, resulting in social chaos characterized by encroachments into the wetland, overexploitation of wetland goods and uncontrolled human behaviour towards the wetland. This chapter uncovers two scenarios for the Nyando Wetland, taking cognizance of the current pressures, threats and opportunities including the development and implementation of an integrated wetland management plan. The scenarios are constructed in line with the constitution of Kenya 2010 and the national blue print --Kenya Vision 2030-- both of which are strongly anchored on the tenets and principles of sustainable development. The chapter therefore summarizes the entire book and provides the future pathway towards sustainable management and utilization of Nyando Wetland resources through participatory multi-pronged approaches, gender and culturally-sensitive interventions and policy frameworks.
    Description: Nyando Wetland Utility Resource Optimization Project
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Biodiversity ; Resource management ; Resource conservation ; Pollution effects
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.132-145
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    Degradation of the riparian wetlands in the Lake Victoria basin - Yala swamp case study. (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Land degradation is as a result of broad range of scales and factors, which include biophysical, climatic, demographic and socio-economic. The aim of this paper was to provide an analysis of wetland utilisation, ecosystem degradation and their effect on the Lake Victoria (Kenya) ecosystem. This involved analysis of socioeconomic and remote sensed data. The main sources of wetland degradation in the Lake Victoria basin were identified as (1) farming activities, (2) grazing and macrophyte harvesting and (3) coupled with catchment degradation-deforestation. These factors were closely related to the demographic dynamics and unsustainable land utilisation practices. Socio-economic data provided valuable insight on the pattern of wetland utilisation and possible sources of degradation pressure. For example, there is high dependence of the local indigenous livelihood directly on the swamp for subsistence needs including farming, grazing and income generation. Farming is the most important wetland utilisation activity, which takes 95% of the households wetland land holding mainly for subsistence use. In addition, there has been progressive degradation of the catchment area through deforestation, overgrazing and low furrow period. This results in high sediments transport and other pollutants to the lake ecosystem due to the removal of buffering effect of the macrophytes in the swamp especially along river Nzoia systems. Remote sensing data indicated progressive opening of the swamp especially in the high population and more accessible northern side of the swamp. In conclusion, the unsustainable use of natural resources in the basin has had significant negative effect on the Lake ecosystem including water pollution siltation and increase of floating biomass.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Deforestation ; Natural resources ; Utilization ; Land use ; Pollutants ; Riparian environments ; Degradation ; Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Catchment area ; Remote sensing ; Environmental effects ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Resource development ; Sediment transport ; Silting ; Water pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Non-Refereed
    Format: pp.483-494
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    Assessment and monitoring of wetlands for conservation and development in dry lands: a case study of Kajiado District, Kenya. (2015)
    Department of Environment and Heritage | Darwin, Australia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: African wetlands constitute an important natural resource base and are actively utilised by rural communities for socio-economic activities. However, vital information on their functions, values, uses and threats is lacking in many parts of the continent. This makes it difficult to plan for wetland conservation and to integrate conservation and development goals at a local level. This paper presents the results of a two-year study of wetlands in Kajiado district (36°30’E, 2°10’S), a semi-arid area in southern Kenya. The physical inventory of wetlands was carried out using topographic maps (scale 1:50 000) and aerial photographs of the district together with field surveys undertaken during the period March 1996–April 1998. Biological inventory was carried out by sampling higher plants and animals on each major wetland. Data on wetland values, uses, threats and conservation initiatives was gathered through direct and indirect methods. 80% of Kajiado district (21 105 km2) is semi-arid. Wetlands cover about 2% of the total area, most of them occurring in the high water potential areas of Ngong Hills, Mau-Nguruman escarpments and Mt. Kilimanjaro. Fifteen wetlands ranging in size from 10 to 15 000 ha were found and comprised lakes, rivers, swamps, marshes, floodplains, natural springs, man-made dams, ponds and pans. Water quality and quantity varied considerably between wetlands and between seasons. Species diversity was relatively low in marshes and swamps but even lower in saline lakes and seasonal rivers. Permanent fresh water wetlands provided water for domestic and livestock consumption and for irrigation. Subsistence fisheries and livestock grazing took place in some permanent freshwater wetlands. Aquaculture for fish production and control of water-based disease vectors was a rapidly growing community activity. The primary threats to wetlands were due to pollution, siltation and colonisation by exotic species. The results of this study indicate that wetlands play a vital role in conserving biological diversity, supporting human life and economic activities in the dry lands of Africa.
    Description: pp.97-111 in: Finlayson, D.M., Davidson, N.C.and Stevenson, N.J. (eds) 2001 Wetland inventory, assessment and monitoring: practical techniques and identification of major issues.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Inland waters ; Resource conservation ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.97-111
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    Integrating GIS Models and Real Time Datasets to Estimate the Current Status of Birds and their Habitats in Tana Delta, Kenya. (2015)
    Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association | Zanzibar, Tanzania
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study focused on bird surveys and habitat degradation which has been documented as the most immediate threat to the survival of bird populations globally (Recher and Lim, 1990; Robinson and Trial, 1996; Fanshawe & Bennum, 1999; Ford et al, 2001; Boere et al.2006). Research activities were conducted within the Tana Delta which is located along Kenya’s 600km coastline within latitude 02030′S and longitude 40020′E from October 2006 to August 2007. Six sites were chosen for ground truthing of remotely sensed data and for obtaining indicative estimates of bird species and population within the delta. Bird density estimates and species diversity were assessed using a combination of line transect and point counts (Bibby et al., 1992). Spatio-temporal data analyses were accomplished using Arcinfo GIS version 9.2. The total area surveyed during this study was estimated at 367 Km2 spread across the six study sites within the Tana Delta and yielded 60, 054 birds for the entire survey period. The sighting registrations were dominated by shore birds (10 species) in Kipini and Shekiko which accounted for 73% of the total. Shakababo had the highest species diversity (30 species) while shorebirds had the least species counted (9 species). There was a significant increase (t=2.67, p〈0.001, 16df) in the number of birds observed during the South East Monsoons (SEM) compared to the registrations recorded during the North East Monsoons (NEM). The major habitat categories of the delta were found to comprise wetlands, perennial marshes, forested areas, mangroves, rangeland, barren and land tidal flats. The habitat total area in hectares for the study area was 291, 411 hectares but there were spatial variations for the land cover types between 1972 and 2004 mainly affecting forested areas and wetlands. The change detection procedure and datasets used in the study resolved spatial changes in habitat cover within three categories i.e. wetlands (12.5%), forest areas (77.5%) and mangroves (10%). The three habitat categories have been identified as underlying the high diversity of birds within the lower Tana Delta area. Overall it was observed that the spatially degraded area comprised 1.68% of the total habitat area. Colonization within degraded areas was observed as primary succession by species of lower value which were indicative of a declining bird habitat quality. Based on an ordinal score of 0-5 and frequency of observed birds, it was evident that forested areas had the highest diversity of birds, then forest areas, tidal flats and rangelands.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquatic birds ; GIS ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Not Known
    Format: 24pp.
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    Challenges and Lessons Learnt on Community Based Wetland Management. (2015)
    Kenya Disaster Concern - VIRED - UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wetland conservation is a young science and its management largely depends on adaptive management approaches. Challenges and lessons learnt in a community based management of Nyando Wetland therefore form one of the most important outcomes of the Nyando Wetland Resource Utility Optimization Project. This chapter gives a comprehensive breakdown of the challenges faced as market failures, lack of institutional framework, policy failures, lack of baseline information and awareness among stakeholders, and unclear land tenure and ownership within wetland ecosystems. Other challenges include inadequate funding of wetland conservation initiatives, inadequate community participation, variability of climatic conditions, lack of political goodwill and lack of wetland management plans to guide towards wise use of wetlands. Several lessons were learnt in this initiative which could guide future interventions in the basin. These include taking care to ensure participatory approaches and mainstreaming of gender in order to reduce resource use conflicts, and careful selection of alternative livelihood activities. Others include designing project activities with complete knowledge of the attitude of the community towards the resource in question and the level of literacy of the stakeholders. Leadership skills of the community and their leaders and copying with Climate Change must also be manipulated to ensure attainment of conservation goals. It is also important to share information, identify all stakeholders and form partnerships for collective success.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Resource conservation ; Resource management ; Environment management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.122-131
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    What is the socio-economic value of the wetlands fisheries? The case of Yala Wetland in Kenya (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wetlands in most parts of the world are under threat of over-exploitation partly because their socio-economic value is not well known. Yala Wetland, the largest freshwater wetland in Kenya, with a large part of it bordering Lake Victoria’s shoreline, faces even greater threats of extinction. This wetland measures about 17,500 ha and is host to a number of indigenous fish species, animals and plants which are exploited by the local communities for subsistence and commercial purposes.There has been pressure to reclaim portions of this wetland for agricultural activity. So far, 2,300 ha has, indeed, been drained for commercial agriculture. Furthermore, it is difficult to control effort in the exploitation of the remaining wetland resources since the economically sustainable yields are undetermined. This study was undertaken to close down the information gaps and generate relevant data for managing the wetland. Data for the study were collected in two phases, first a rapid appraisal exercise, then a monitoring program for 6 months in 2004-2005. Several variables were monitored during the study period, including; fish catch and composition, commercial yield of macrophytes, demand and price levels of wetland resources, levels of effort for exploiting wetland resources and other relevant ecological variables. This paper presents the results of the study including, the composition and fish catch levels, the quantities of harvested and marketed macrophytes and other resources. Using these, the annual economic values of the Yala Wetland resources is determined. In addition the paper gives determinants of exploitation effort and the characteristics of wetland exploiters. The paper proposes management options under which the wetland can be managed.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Overexploitation ; Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Overexploitation ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Fishery resources ; Resource management ; Water reservoirs ; Monitoring systems ; Land use ; Resource conservation ; Environment management ; Protected resources ; Freshwater lakes ; Inland fisheries ; Lake fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Non-Refereed
    Format: 79833 bytes
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    Socio-economic dimensions of conservation of wetlands in African dry lands: A case study of River Ewaso Ngiro basin in southern Kenya (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wetlands that occur in arid and semi-arid areas have unique characteristics and support unique biodiversity. The permanent wetlands are relatively small and isolated by large areas of dry land. There are however, numerous temporary or seasonal wetlands that contain water for only short period in the year. These wetlands contain water, a critical resource for all people, livestock, wildlife and plant life. The availability of fresh water minerals, pasture and other useful products attract humans, thereby making the wetlands to become focal points of economic development and indeed urbanization. The changing lifestyles of resident communities, such as increased focus on subsistence and commercial agriculture and sedentarization as opposed to nomadic pastoralism have profound impacts on wetlands and the biodiversity that they support. This paper provides primary data deriving from the authors’ own studies of wetlands and their utilization by the local community in the River Ewaso Ngiro basin, southern Kenya. The study results are supplemented with relevant secondary information from other river basin studies in eastern Africa. The paper exposes the immense natural and socio-economic potential of dry land wetlands in enhancing food security and livelihoods in the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Water reservoirs ; Resource conservation ; Environmental protection ; River basins ; Watersheds ; Potential resources ; Resource development ; Exploitation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 79
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    Analysis of macrophyte biomass productivity, utilization and its impact on various eco-types of Yala Swamp, Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. (2015)
    Center for Development Research, University of Bonn | Bonn, Germany
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The overall aim of this study was to assess the sustainability of the current utilization of the wetland resources and the impact of human activities on the Yala swamp ecosystem in West Kenya. The socio-economic results indicate that this swampland provides a wide range of support and products to the local communities. These include direct benefits like thatch material and fish and other benefits such as land for small-scale farming and grazing. Approximately 70% of the wetland products are used at the domestic level with the rest being used to generate modest incomes. Marketing of wetland products is ineffective, resulting in low profit margins, which again discourage sustainable wetland use. Nevertheless, farming is an important activity, which engages 90% of the holdings in the swampland and supplies about 70% of the domestic food requirements. Post-harvest growth of the macrophyte that are commonly used by the local communities was high in the first four weeks ranging from 5-300% of the initial biomass. This was followed by a lower growth rate in the next 10 weeks averaging 1-30% with the less disturbed eco-types achieving higher values (10-30%) than the highly disturbed eco-types (1- 15%). The growth rate after the 14th week was highly diminished in all species. During the dry season, fast growth was also restricted to the first 14 weeks, but with an overall reduction in average height gain, growth rate and biomass in all the ecotypes. This variability was attributed to seasonal ecological dynamics and not to the effect of repeated harvesting. The average biomass was about 1,050g dry wt m2, which is within the values for other tropical papyrus wetlands. The plant nutrient N:P ratio ranged from 6-3.5, which was above ecological limiting levels of phosphorus. These results indicate that the macrophyte can be sustainably harvested at intervals of 14 weeks if the natural ecological setup is maintained. Ecological conditions were more favourable for macrophyte growth during the wet season (as compared to the dry season) and in the less disturbed ecotypes (as compared to the highly disturbed ecotypes). Soil parameters were more influenced by eco-type than by season. In contrast, water chemistry was more influenced by the seasons. Both soil total N (0.25 -0.3%) and P (0.07- 0.06%) as well as water P (0.03 - 0.14 mg/l) and N (3.72- 2.01mg/l) were above ecological limiting levels. Land-cover analysis was done using Landsat satellite images taken in the dry season (February 5, 1973, MSS and February 2, 2001 ETM). The most prominent change was a more than three-fold increase in agricultural land from 1,564 ha in 1973 (7 % of the total wetland) to 5,939 ha in 2001 (28 % of the total wetland). However, this excluded temporary land use during other seasons. This conversion of natural vegetation was mainly located along the swamp edges, in particular on the northern and eastern side of the swamp. The satellite images also allowed identification of the siltation areas, which have increased along the Lake Victoria shoreline. The overall classification accuracy was high at 75% with Kappa statistics at 70%. The Normalized Different Vegetation Index recorded a high reduction of the positives values from +0.909 in 1973 to +0.405 in 2001, mainly due to a reduction in the vegetation cover of the swamp. This was attributed to anthropogenic activities, mainly farming. The main driving factors for land-use changes in the Yala swamp were identified as (i) household numbers, (ii) household and population densities, and (iii) wetland accessibility (combining swamp coverage and terrain suitability). These drivers act as proxy for a whole range of factors, in particular the demand for farming land and high dependence of the local community on the swamp resources for their livelihoods. The statistically computed land-use change using the conversion index (11,696 ha) show a high co-validation with the land-cover changes derived from the satellite images (11,735.44 ha). In conclusion, it can be expected that under the current utilization scenario, swamp conversion is expected to increase as a function of household densities. The big challenge is to balance between increasing swamp farming and sustainable ecosystem utilization, e.g., macrophyte-based water filtering, while maintaining the benefit flow to the local communities.
    Description: Thesis
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biomass ; Macrophytes ; Aquatic plants ; Freshwater plants ; Fishery resources ; Ecotypes ; Habitats ; Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Man-induced effects
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 198pp.
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    Tana Delta Environment Awareness Survey (2016)
    African Studies Centre | Leiden, Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This survey aimed to identify the current stakeholders of the Tana Delta wetland as well as their legal status, mandate, objectives, current activities and vision for the Delta. The stakeholder of the wetland include the Kenya Government (departments and agencies), Non-Governmental organisations (national and local), Community-Based Organizations and individual resource users. All stakeholders value the wetland for its goods and services. Key issues mentioned land accessibility and ownership; human/wildlife conflict; resource conflicts; resource depletion; reduced water volume in the main river; insecurity and banditry; poor infrastructure; , poor law enforcement; and negative attitudes towards agencies on the ground.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Legal aspects ; Wetlands ; Environmental legislation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.331-343
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    The importance of Nyando river wetlands plant resources and agricultural products: A comparative study of papyrus and rice. (2015)
    Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study assessed the community perceptions of the importance of wetland plants, particularly papyrus ( Cyperus papyrus) and compared it with that of agricultural products, mainly rice ( Oryza Sativa ), in the Nyando River Wetlands, Kenya. The goal was to suggest better mechanisms for the sustainable management of the two resources and the wetlands. It was conducted among communities living in NRW area namely Nyando, Lower Nyakach and Kadibo Divisions of Kisumu and Ny ando districts, from August 2000 to February 2001. Primary data was gathered using field observation, interviews, group discussions and questionnaires, administered to 120 randomly selected household heads. Secondary data was collected from published and unpublished materials. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The community perceived papyrus to be important as a source of income, building material and production of handicrafts. Rice was viewed as a major source of family income and food. Majority, 65 (54.2%) respondents perceived rice to be more important, compared to 47 (39.2%) who perceived papyrus to be more important and 8 (6.7 %) who were undecided. This difference was significant ( 2 = 42.5, p = 0.05, df=2). There was no significa nt relationship between demographic factors and respondents choice of product with more value. However, there was a significant relationship between respondents’ choice and the physical characteristics of the wetland site in their locality ( 2 = 10.76, p = 0.05, df=4). The mean monthly income from rice was Ksh. 3106 and Ksh. 2414 from papyrus mat making. The differences in monthly mean incomes from the two enterprises were insignificant [F. (6, 79) =0.651, P= 0.05]. The study concluded that both papyrus a nd rice were important for the socio - economic development of the community. However, unchecked harvesting of papyrus, fire outbreaks, poor farm management practices, lack of appropriate skills, limited financial resources, poorly developed infrastructure, marketing problems and land use and land ownership conflicts resulted in the mismanagement and degradation of the wetlands. To increase community incomes and strengthen wetland conservation, there is need to identify and promote sustainable uses of the wet lands based on community perceptions of the importance of the wetlands, raise their awareness of the importance of wetlands conservation by providing appropriate training, education, extension services, financial and technical assistance. The wetlands shou ld be zoned for various land uses, community based organizations established and strengthened, co- ordination between stakeholders in wetlands use and management enhanced and a comprehensive wetland management policy developed. There is need to investigate the uses of other wetland resources, demonstrate their wise use, plan for their conservation and explore the possibilities of making Nyando River Wetlands a Ramsar Site.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Aquatic plants ; Freshwater plants ; Botanical resources ; Freshwater weeds
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: xi, 25pp.
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    Regional overview of the implementation of the Convention and its Strategic Plan 1997-2002: Africa (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Keywords: Convention on Wetlands ; Ramsar ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Conference Material , Non-Refereed , Paper
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    Environmental Quality and Fish Communities in Selected Catchments of Lake Victoria. (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Water quality and fish species are studied in selected catchments of Lake Victoria. The major aim of the study is to establish the relationship between the environmental quality and fish communities in the selected study sites of Lake Victoria. Physico-chemical characteristics of water in selected sites were determined on-site while nutrients and heavy metals were determined in the laboratory using standard methods. Fish samples were collected using experimental multifilament gillnets with varying mesh sizes. Fish identification was done using external morphological characteristics and identification keys. Physico-chemical results in Thruston bay revealed rise in water column temperature and turbidity as compared to those measured by earlier studies on the lake. Dissolved oxygen (DO) ranged from 0.9 mg L-1 in Yala catchment to 11.56 mg L-1 in Thruston bay. Phosphorus (P) ranged from 9.78 ~kg L-1 to 120.67 ~kg L-1 in Thruston bay and in Yala catchment, it ranged from 185.2 ~kg L-1 to 1526.9 ~kg L-1. The nitrate-nitrogen loading in the Geita catchment ranged from 130 to 7465 kg N between the years 2006 and 2008. The results in the inshore sites show a potential for higher photosynthetic rates than in the offshore sites implying that there is more food for the fish in the inshore sites than in the offshore sites. Results further reveal that in Thruston bay there are 13 fish species and Haplochromines dominate the fish catch in terms of numbers. Heavy metals including mercury resulting from artisanal and commercial gold mining in the Geita study site were also detected in the discharges into the lake. This paper also presents measures for the sustainable management of the lake environment, its quality and fisheries.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fish ; Wetlands ; Swamps ; Nutrients (mineral) ; Environmental impact ; Water quality ; Heavy metals ; Inland water environment ; Catchment area
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Not Known
    Format: pp.54-65
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    Effect of Harvesting on Temporal Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.) Population among Swamps of Winam Gulf in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. (2015)
    Moi University | Eldoret, Kenya
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Experiments were set to determine the effect of monthly and seasonal harvesting on temporal papyrus population density. Mean initial culm count was 21.6±2.26/m2. Initial culm counts varied across sites, but spatial differences were not significant. Mean monthly culm counts declined with successive harvests, and each sequential harvest significantly reduced culm counts. Seasonal culm counts were generally higher in unharvested than in harvested plots, and the differences were significant in Nduru (F=13.569; p〈0.05). There were no culm counts differences within and among sites between initial and seasonally harvested plots. Overall, there were more culms in seasonal (32.3±3.34/m2) than in initial counts. It was found that culm counts do not depend on site, and that harvesting reduces culm counts. It is evident that seasonal harvesting does not affect culm counts. Leaving a papyrus crop stand unharvested for more than a season increases its culm count. Given that frequent harvesting reduces culm count, and considering that initial papyrus population densities were the lowest across sites, it may be concluded that Winam Gulf papyrus is harvested faster than the wetlands can replenish. This finding highlights the need for urgent conservation measures in the area. It is suggested that papyrus conservation steps be undertaken most urgently in Winam Gulf. A minimum-harvesting regime at the start is once per patch per season. However, fewer patches were studied relative to the entire swamps. A more elaborate assessment, covering larger areas and more swamps, with greater effort, should be undertaken to determine the replenishment break-even point.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Freshwater weeds ; Aquatic plants ; Plant control ; Cyperus papyrus ; Harvesting ; Replenishment ; Swamps ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Conference Material , Not Known
    Format: pp.307-416
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    Background information on Nyando Wetland. (2015)
    Kenya Disastern Concern - VIRED - UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This chapter addresses the geological, geomorphological, climatic and hydrological conditions prevailing in the Nyando Wetland and the surrounding area. Nyando Wetland is part of the many papyrus dominated wetlands in the Lake Victoria Basin. The wetland is located at the mouth of Nyando River but it is contiguous with other lakeshore wetlands forming the second largest wetland (14,400ha) on the Kenyan side of the Lake Victoria Basin. Within it are a number of small wetlands whose major sources of water include direct precipitation, runoff from upland areas, inflow from rivers, recharge from aquifers and backflow from the lake during flooding. The wetland is incised within the Kano Plains, which is a floodplain riparian zone transitional between the surrounding upland areas on one end and the Lake Victoria at the other extreme end. Land-use activities in the upper Nyando River Basin have a strong bearing on the Nyando Wetland through their influences on water quantity and water quality. Because of deforestation activities in the upper basin, water quality has been deteriorating and quantity fluctuating in the river, with increased peak flows during the rains resulting in widespread flooding in the lowlands. During the dry season, base flows in the rivers and streams are considerably reduced, resulting in the drying up of large sections of the wetlands. The wetlands are rich with diverse plants and animal life. The common species of macrophytes, macroinvertebrate, amphibians, reptiles, fish, birds found in the wetlands are also presented together with their conservation status. The Nyando Wetland has undergone changes as a result of climatic and human-induced perturbations within the wetlands themselves and in the catchment of rivers draining into or through the wetlands. These activities continue to compromise the ecological integrity of this fragile ecosystem. The sustainable conservation and management of the wetlands would benefit greatly from concerted efforts by all stakeholders.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Geomorphology ; Climatic changes ; Land use ; Resource management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.15-31
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    The Value of Consumptive Goods and Services of Nyando Wetland. (2015)
    Kenya Disaster Concern - VIRED - UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wetlands provide a range of goods and services and possess a variety of attributes of value to society. They offer provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services that generate economic value from their direct, indirect or potential use. Despite legislation designed to protect wetlands, they continue to be degraded and lost at an alarming rate. This is partly because of lack of understanding of their ecological and socioeconomic importance, which leads to distorted policy and decision making regarding their use and management. The value of a wetland can be partly assessed in terms of the direct use of its resources for the satisfaction of human needs. In the Nyando River Basin, many wetlands have been lost or degraded as a result of increasing demands for land and water. An understanding of the socioeconomic value of the wetlands is crucial when deciding on conservation and development priorities related to land use and the allocation of finite resources. Therefore, the value of the natural resources that wetlands provide to communities is a critical consideration. This chapter provides such knowledge, which would enable policy makers to set up appropriate wetland conservation programmes at the community level in Nyando and other related wetlands in the Lake Victoria Basin. It highlights the key direct consumptive wetland goods and services, estimates the value of direct consumptive use and investigates the determinants of the direct consumptive value of the resources in the Nyando Wetland.
    Description: Nyando Wetland Utility Resource Optimization Project, Ref:- AKEN/05/427
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Resource conservation ; Resource management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.53-67
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  • 87
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    Experiences from Community Participation in Managing Nyando Wetland. (2015)
    Kenya Disaster Concern - VIRED - UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The greatest challenge in the conservation and management of wetland ecosystems in Kenya is the fact that most of them are found in unprotected areas and the lack of a national wetland policy. Community based approaches therefore become the most viable option. This chapter describes experiences gained in community based management of Nyando Wetland, an intervention initiated by two local NGOs (Kenya Disaster Concern and VIRED International) and the Nyando Wetland Community and funded by UNDP-Kenya. The principle of co-management of natural resources on which the intervention was based is outlined with some examples of other initiatives carried out by other institutions in Kenya. The objectives of this project are given with an emphasis on its relevance to Kenya’s Vision 2030, the MDG goals and UNDP, the funding agency. The overall objective however was the rehabilitation, restoration and conservation of the degraded Nyando Wetland. The chapter explores in greater detail the approaches used in achieving the project objectives. Activities were strategically planned on a Quaterly and Annual basis starting with community mobilization, awareness creation, capacity building to catalyze full participation of the local communities. The use of alternative livelihood activities is highlighted as an incentive to the local communities, research was to enable the project team to make informed decisions and the formation of a coalition with multiple partners. The chapter ends with approaches to ensure sustainability of the initiated activities. As a pioneering initiative, experiences gained are invaluable.
    Description: Nyando Wetland Utility Resource Optimization Project, Ref:- AKEN/05/427
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Water resources ; Environment management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.81-99
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    Managing Nyando Wetland in the face of Climate Change (2015)
    Kenya Disaster Concern - VIRED - UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wetlands exist in a transitional zone between aquatic and terrestrial environments, and thus can be altered by slight changes in hydrology. Climate Change predictions for the tropics gives mixed results with some areas in East Africa expected to receive below normal rainfall. The semi-arid areas of the Lake Victoria Basin, the floodplains, would be warmer with frequent and prolonged drought events. These changes, however subtle, are likely to affect the functioning of many freshwater wetlands. Potential impacts will range from changes in community structure to changes in ecological function, and from extirpation to enhancement. This will have implications on the well-being of riparian communities who rely on wetlands for the supply of essential goods and services. The important role of wetlands in the global carbon cycle will also be affected; tropical wetlands are able to sequester 80% more carbon than temperate wetlands. Currently, the effects of Climate Change are being felt by residents in the riparian areas. However, the changes have not been investigated to determine the extent to which they might affect the supply of goods and services to people living in the adjacent areas. Mitigation strategies for minimizing the adverse impacts of Climate Change on the wetland ecosystem include reduction of current anthropogenic stresses, active management to preserve wetland hydrology, and a wide range of other management and restoration options. For the dependent communities, existing anomalous mitigation measures need to be enhanced, and planned mitigation mechanisms put in place. Adaptation and coping strategies which are being employed by the people also need to be strengthened. However, appropriate measures cannot be put in place without tangible evidence of the extent and trend of climate related impacts on wetland ecosystem function which affect the flow of goods and services. This chapter gives the perspective of the riparian communities of the Nyando Wetland on the impacts of climatic changes and possible mitigating measures which should be carried out to ensure sustainable management of the wetland resources.
    Description: Nyando Wetland Utility Resource Optimization Project, Ref:- AKEN/05/427
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Resource conservation ; Wetlands ; Climatic changes ; Sustainable management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.100-121
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    Biodiversity and sustainable management of a tropical wetland lake ecosystem: A case study of Lake Kanyaboli, Kenya (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Lake Kanyaboli and the surrounding Yala swamp wetland has been recognized as an important biodiversity hotspot. Recent population genetic and phylogenetic studies confirm the evolutionary importance of Lake Kanyaboli (Kenya) in preserving the cichlid fish fauna of Lake Victoria. The adjoining Yala swamp harbours the endangered swamp antelope Sitatunga (Tragecephalus spekii) and several papyrus endemic birds. The lake and adjoining swamp play a critical role in the livelihood of the local communities who heavily depend on the wetland resources. Current ongoing large scale land use changes within the swamp threaten the ecological integrity and functioning of this highly dynamic wetland ecosystem. It is therefore imperative that proper management and conservation measures be put in place to protect Lake Kanyaboli and associated Yala swamp wetland. This paper presents a review of the biodiversity of Lake Kanyaboli and the associated wetland and the threats the lake ecosystem faces. Polycultural ‘finger ponds’ aquaculture, tourism and papyrus based industries as well as an all stakeholders driven management plan are suggested as a step towards achieving sustainable management, utilization and conservation of the Lake Kanyaboli ecosystem.
    Description: Published
    Description: Resource management; Environmental effects, Evolution; Protected resources
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Biodiversity ; Resource conservation ; Inland waters ; Ecosystem management ; Ecological crisis ; Tropical environment ; Population genetics ; Phylogenetics ; Lake fisheries ; Freshwater fish ; Aquatic birds ; Land use
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 90
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    Utilisation and Economic Valuation of the Yala Swamp Wetland, Kenya. (2015)
    IUCN / Wetlands International / World Wide Fund for Nature | Wageningen, Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Yala swamp is an extensive wetland in western Kenya, covering an area of 17’500 ha. The wetland, together with its three lakes, is an important site for biodiversity conservation. The local community has been associated with the wetland for a long time, and they obtain key resources from it. To date, however, 2300 ha of the wetland have been reclaimed for agricultural production, and there are fresh proposals for further reclamations. The aims of this paper are to describe the patterns of utilisation of the wetland, including a preliminary economic valuation of the resources, and compare these with the costs and benefits of conversion. Surveys, interviews, and participant observation were used to obtain information. Direct economic values were calculated for fisheries, water transportation, agriculture, building materials, fuelwood, grazing, hunting, mat making, salt licks, and tourism. Indirect values include medicinal plants, vegetables, flood control, and wildlife habitats. The wetland also has existence and option values, which will be lost if the swamp is converted. Comparing these values with the short-term gains, and the cost of conversion, and considering soil degradation and disruption of the socio-cultural situation, it is suggested that the wetland provides valuable economic resources to support the population, and should not be converted. Instead, traditional sustainable uses of the wetland should be promoted for the benefit of the local people.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Swamps ; Economic analysis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.89-95
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    Modelling the economics of ecosystem services: nutrient retention in wetlands and fisheries in Lake Victoria (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper models the effect of changes in wetlands yields within the freshwater fishery of (the Kenyan segment) of Lake Victoria. Specifically, it models the nutrient retention function of wetlands as a buffer against fertilizer run-off from agriculture, and the impact of nutrient loading on the fishery. Run-off from the watershed is among the major causes of eutrophication in the lake, along with atmospheric deposition and sewage and other organic discharges from domestic and industrial activities. The ecological component of the model captures the interactions between phosphorus loading, wetland area, water quality and fish stocks. Chlorophyll-a concentration is used as a proxy for phytoplankton density, and as a measure of nutrient enrichment. The impact of this on fish stocks is then estimated using using Ecopath. The economic component of the model then evaluates the effect of changes in stocks on performance in the fishery, given the regulatory regime in Kenya. We use the results to obtain an estimate of the value of the nutrient retention function of wetlands on the margins of the lake.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Valuation of ecosystem services ; Ecological-economic interactions ; Fisheries ; Eutrophication ; Fishery resources ; Ecosystems ; Fishery resources ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 302138 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 21
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  • 92
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    Survey and Situation Analysis of the Biological Characteristics of the Main Tributaries of the Nairobi Rivers, Reservoirs and Wetlands. (2015)
    University of Nairobi | Nairobi, Kenya
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: The Nairobi River Basin Programme (NRBP) was started with the sponsorship of UNEP, inter alia, in 1999 (UNEP 2002). Phase I constituted a situation assessment of water quality, public awareness, community outreach through pilot income generation projects and capacity building. Phase II of the programme (June 2001 - December 2003) was a pilot initiative, focusing on a tributary of the Nairobi River system - the Motoine/Ngong River. It mainly involved pollution monitoring and assessment of 22 km of the Motoine/Ngong river basin upstream, the dam itself and 25 km downstream to the confluence with the Athi River. The phase also put emphasis on community education and information programmes to enable capacity building amongst key grassroots stake holders. Phase III (October 2004 - September 2008 (IUCN Pers. Comm 2005) is a follow up of the first two phases and has 5 results to be implemented.
    Description: Possible Report title 'The Biological Component of the Nairobi River Basin' 2005.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Water reservoirs ; River basins ; Pollution monitoring ; Pollution surveys
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Not Known
    Format: 67pp.
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    In the Face of Poverty Mangrove Wetlands are Lifelines: Viability Indicators in Silvofishery Initiatives along the Kenyan Coast Assessing Polyculture of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) and Mullets (Mugil mugil) (2015)
    Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean/Sida-SAREC. | Mombasa, Kenya
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Milkfish (Chanos chanos ) have been grown in polyculture with mullets (Mugil cephalus ) in marine coastal ponds to increase productivity by more efficiently utilizing ecological resources within an aquatic environment and reduction of risks. Little attempts have been made to culture the two together in East Africa. The study was aimed at identifying the growth rate of milkfish and mullets during the wet (long rains) and dry seasons (short rains) in Kenya; assess variability in pond water quality during peak spring and neap tides; and, assess milkfish and mullet fingerling occurrence over the year. The culture was done in three earthen ponds (each 0.018ha) constructed in the sandy flat behind the mangrove forest, in Kwetu and Majaoni, Mtwapa creek, and Makongeni, Gazi bay. The first culture cycle was July –December 2005 (dry-short rains) and second culture cycle being March-August 2006 (wet-long rains).
    Description: Obura, D.O., Tamelander, J., & Linden, O. (Eds) (20 08) Ten years after bleaching - facing the conseque nces of climate change in the Indian Ocean.CORDIO Status Report 2008. Coastal Oce ans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean/Si da-SAREC. Mombasa. http//:www.cordioea.org
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Mangroves ; Wetlands ; Polyculture ; Growth rate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.419-432
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  • 94
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    Management of Invasives Species in Waterbird Habitat in Lake Naivasha, Kenya : Report on the Restoration of Wetlands that are Migratory Bird Habitats, and that have been damaged by Invasive Weeds. (2015)
    IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Programme | Nairobi, Kenya
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: This study was carried by IUCN-EARP and the LNRA as a joint project on Lake Naivasha, within the framework of the AEWA sub-project on the management of alien invasive weeds for the benefit of migratory waterfowl habitat. The sub project focused on the Lake Naivasha Ramsar Site in Kenya (see figure1), a wetland complex consisting of one main lake, several subsidiary lakes and surrounding wetlands as well as a floodplain and delta of the inflowing Malewa and Gilgil Rivers. This wetland array has a well-known and diverse avian fauna and is an Important Bird Area (Bennun L. & Njoroge P., 1992). The complex is an important site for afro-tropical and palaearctic migrant bird species, but the same site has been affected by invasive waterweeds over the last decades, most of which have been managed in some way by the agency most responsible for the Ramsar site - The Lake Naivasha Riparian Association (LNRA, formerly LNROA). The purpose of the study was to document the current and historical status of invasive aquatic weeds, their management interventions, and their actual or perceived impacts on waterfowl. It also included considerations of local views of the changes that have taken place over the years and which were brought about by invasive aquatic weeds. The specific objectives of the study were to: (1) Assess the present distribution and density of invasive water plants in the Lake Naivasha Ramsar Site - especially water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water fern (Salvinia molesta). (2) Document historical incidences of aquatic weeds around the lake, their perceived impacts on lake ecology and an account of the management interventions and successes. (3) Document any actual or perceived impacts of the aquatic weeds on the resident and migratory water birds.
    Description: A Case Study of the Attempts to Manage Invasive Weeds in the Lake Naivasha Ramsar Site and Links to Migratory Waterfowl.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Freshwater weeds ; Aquatic plants ; Aquatic birds ; Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Introduced species ; Eichhornia crassipes ; Salvinia molesta
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Not Known
    Format: vi, 68pp.
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  • 95
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    Wetland Conversion to large-scale agricultural production; implications on the livelihoods of rural communities, Yala Swamp, Lake Victoria basin, Kenya. (2015)
    Linköping University, Sweden
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wetlands in most parts of the world are under threat of over-exploitation, loss and/or degradation partly due to agriculture and urban land uses. Yala swamp, the largest fresh water wetland in Kenya measuring about 17,500 ha supports a large biodiversity and is source of livelihoods to communities around it. This study addresses the situation where part of this wetland is converted into large-scale agriculture by a multinational company, Dominion Farms (K) Ltd resulting into a conflict and controversy amongst key stakeholders. The study was undertaken to explore and seek an understanding of the controversy and investigate the livelihood impacts this wetland transformation has for the local community in order to generate relevant data for managing the wetland. This paper gives the status of the wetland using the concepts Stakeholder Analysis (SA) and Sustainable Livelihood Approaches (SLA) to assess the livelihood situation in terms of the socio-economic conditions, rural infrastructure, income diversification, food security and environmental management issues. Data and information have been obtained from primary and secondary sources through field survey in the Yala wetland, in which randomly sampled small-scale farmers, fisher folk, Dominion employees, local leaders and informants, traders and other stakeholders were interviewed using questionnaire and other participatory methods. The main questions were designed to gain information about historical use of the wetland, changes in livelihoods and wetland before and after entry of Dominion Company into the area. From the study, it is evident that assessment of the key stakeholders and their relation to this natural resource is of utmost importance for mapping out an acceptable management strategy for the wetland. Besides being cause to a conflict and controversy over control of and access to the swamp, the conversion of part of this wetland has resulted into both negative and positive short-term and long-term livelihood impacts to the local community. The wetland is a contested resource with multiple users who claim a stake on it requiring a holistic approach to its management that integrates divergent needs and views of key stakeholder groups. Through such a mechanism the planners and policy-makers can identify and fairly address trade-offs therein between large-scale agriculture and sustainable ecosystem utilization, while maintaining the benefit flow to the local community. The study identifies management issues and proposes abroad vision for the future that will help minimize conflicts and food insecurity in the area. General recommendations for planning as well as suggestions for specific research needs that should form the basis of action are given.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Large-scale agriculture ; Livelihoods ; Stakeholder analysis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 62pp.
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    Constructed Wetlands: Potential for their Use in Treatment of Grey Water in Kenya. (2015)
    Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Constructed wetlands are cost-effective, nature oriented alternatives for wastewater treatment that have gained acceptance worldwide. For Kenyan small communities in particular, constructed wetlands offer opportunities for wastewater reuse and resource recovery as well as improvements in local environmental health conditions. These communities generally lack conventional centralized waste water treatment systems. This thesis aims to identify peri- urban and rural areas suitable for the establishment of CW for their use in treatment of grey water in Kenya. Further, it identifies the most suitable constructed wetland type and suggests suitable emergent wetland plants for use in Kenya. Literature research and digital mapping are the proceedings of this thesis. The literature explores case studies and journals investigating constructed wetlands, emergent wetland plants and grey water reuse. Digital mapping on the other hand uses GIS data to delineate areas suitable for constructed wetland establishment in Kenya. This study reveals that large areas in Kenya are suitable for constructed wetland establishment are mostly located around the fertile agricultural areas where most of Kenya‘s population lives. Taking into account the tropical climate of Kenya which is characterized by high temperatures and conducive weather all year round, sub surface flow systems have been identified as the constructed wetlands of choice. Six emergents of the species Typha, Phragmites and Poaceae have been identified as showing high biomass productivity and versatility in utilization options, thus a high potential for waste water treatment At present due to lack of awareness and funding constructed wetlands are not widely used in Kenya especially in small communities. There is a need for further investigation of suitable wetland plants and also raising awareness and financial support for constructed wetland establishment.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Water treatment ; Constructed wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 77pp.
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    La réserve de biosphére du Delta du Saloum (2008)
    Programme de Gestion Intégrée des Ressources Marines et Côtières
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: La RBDS est un site d’importance biologique national, sous régional et mondial tant pour sa végétation, sa grande et moyenne faune, son avifaune, son ichtyofaune. Cette richesse lui confère une importance économique de premier plan (pêche, tourisme, agriculture, petite industrie, etc.). Dans cet article, il est question de faire une description de cet écosystème et de ses enjeux.
    Description: Published
    Description: mangrove, oiseau, zone humide
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Aquatic birds ; Mangroves ; Wetlands ; Aquatic birds ; Mangroves
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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    Wetlands of Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya: distribution, current status and conservation challenges. (2015)
    Kenya Disaster Concern, VIRED, UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Tropical wetlands are known to be very productive, providing water and primary productivity upon which large numbers of plants and animal species depend for survival. In the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB), wetlands are part and parcel of many water bodies where they are hydrologically and ecologically linked through the supply of water, nutrients and organic matter. In the upper reaches of the LVB, many wetlands have been formed by spring water draining into valley bottoms where the gradient is low and hence water accumulates, hence supporting characteristic biota. Other wetlands are formed as a result of shallow water table in depressions, though most of these are seasonal and their area fluctuates depending on the prevailing weather conditions. Other wetlands in the upper reaches have been formed out of damming of streams and rivers for domestic and industrial water supply. In the middle reaches, springs fed wetlands still dominate, with a few riverine wetlands occurring along the edges of the large rivers. In the lower reaches and floodplains, we have seasonal wetlands that form during the rainy season when rivers over-top their banks. Many of the large wetlands in the LVB are found at the river mouths of the major rivers and in the inshore areas of the lake. Examples include the Nyando Wetland, Yala Swamp, Bunyala Wetland, River Mara Swamp, Mosirori Wetland, Osodo Swamp, Ngegu Wetland and Kuja Delta Wetland. Because of their high productivity, these wetlands are threatened by human activities, exacerbated by high human population growth. Changing land use and intensity in the catchments has compromised their integrity, resulting into sedimentation, poor water quality and eutrophication. There is thus a need for awareness creation, adoption of best management practices at the catchment scale and research, especially in socioeconomics, to help avert the negative influences on the wetlands in the LVB.
    Description: Nyando Wetland Utility Resource Optimization Project, Ref:- AKEN/05/427
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Water reservoirs ; Environment management ; Resource conservation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.1-14
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  • 99
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    The people of Nyando Wetland: socioeconomics, gender and cultural issues. (2015)
    Kenya Disaster Concern - VIRED - UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Nyando Wetland is endowed with rich biological diversity and supports the livelihoods of many people in the Lake Victoria Basin. It provides ecological services (climate modification, water purification, waste water treatment, flood control and water storage and distribution in space and time); direct uses such as water for domestic purposes, livestock watering, source of fish, medicinal plants and animals and various materials. Despite the intricate link between human well-being and wetland functions, the wetlands are threatened by high and increasing population density of both humans and livestock, unsustainable agricultural practices, effects of Climate Change (prolonged droughts and floods), pollution of surface water sources, unpredictable and low rainfall, deforestation, unplanned human settlement, overgrazing, limited access to clean water, poor sanitation, inappropriate and degrading fishing practices, among other factors. Since the livelihoods of the people largely depend on the utilization of wetland resource, it is important to ensure sustainable use of natural capital by striking a balance between its utilization and conservation. The underlying message of this chapter is that long-term human development cannot be achieved without prioritizing environmental conservation and management. It is therefore incumbent upon all Kenyans to value wetlands as the “kidneys of the earth” and support their sustainable use for the benefit of present and future generations. This is especially true for Nyando Wetland resources that are vital to the local and regional socioeconomic development but are easily accessible to the poor. This chapter articulates the socioeconomic, gender and cultural contexts in which the inhabitants of Nyando Wetland operate in meeting their livelihoods. It is organized to include a contextual narrative of the origin of the people of Nyando Wetland, their demographic characteristics and selected social indicators with a focus on implications to sustainable resource management. The interaction of people with resources and the influence of gender and cultural issues to natural resources use are also articulated. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the policy framework for the community based management of Nyando Wetland resources.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Resource conservation ; Resource management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: 32-52
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  • 100
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    The people of Nyando Wetland: socioeconomics, gender and cultural issues (2015)
    Kenya Disaster Concern - VIRED - UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Nyando Wetland is endowed with rich biological diversity and supports the livelihoods of many people in the Lake Victoria Basin. It provides ecological services (climate modification, water purification, waste water treatment, flood control and water storage and distribution in space and time); direct uses such as water for domestic purposes, livestock watering, source of fish, medicinal plants and animals and various materials. Despite the intricate link between human well-being and wetland functions, the wetlands are threatened by high and increasing population density of both humans and livestock, unsustainable agricultural practices, effects of Climate Change (prolonged droughts and floods), pollution of surface water sources, unpredictable and low rainfall, deforestation, unplanned human settlement, overgrazing, limited access to clean water, poor sanitation, inappropriate and degrading fishing practices, among other factors. Since the livelihoods of the people largely depend on the utilization of wetland resource, it is important to ensure sustainable use of natural capital by striking a balance between its utilization and conservation. The underlying message of this chapter is that long-term human development cannot be achieved without prioritizing environmental conservation and management. It is therefore incumbent upon all Kenyans to value wetlands as the “kidneys of the earth” and support their sustainable use for the benefit of present and future generations. This is especially true for Nyando Wetland resources that are vital to the local and regional socioeconomic development but are easily accessible to the poor. This chapter articulates the socioeconomic, gender and cultural contexts in which the inhabitants of Nyando Wetland operate in meeting their livelihoods. It is organized to include a contextual narrative of the origin of the people of Nyando Wetland, their demographic characteristics and selected social indicators with a focus on implications to sustainable resource management. The interaction of people with resources and the influence of gender and cultural issues to natural resources use are also articulated. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the policy framework for the community based management of Nyando Wetland resources.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Resource management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.32-52
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