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  • 1998  (2,873)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 19 (1998), S. 22-31 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The United States Air Force's (USAF) unpaid civilian auxiliary, the Civil Air Patrol (CAP) wears USAF uniforms and performs search and rescue missions looking for downed aircraft. After CAP members miswore the USAF uniform (Cheng, 1996), the USAF instituted a top-down uniform change making the CAP uniform more distinct from the USAF uniform. CAP members, who affirmed that they were to be motivated solely by a desire to perform CAP's mission, and not motivated by wearing USAF uniforms, quit and withdrew commitment. This participant observation ethnography studies how USAF's misunderstanding of volunteer motivation and the symbolism of organizational uniforms led to dysfunctional organizational change. An alternative solution that makes positive symbolic change is proposed.
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  • 2
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 19 (1998), S. 113-116 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study empirically tested Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership theory (SLT) among 151 senior executives within service and manufacturing businesses of a large Fortune 100 company. SLT focuses on the interaction of the leader's behaviour and follower readiness to determine leader effectiveness. SLT suggests that the appropriate level of task and relationship behaviour is the one that "matches" the level of follower readiness. A variety of statistical techniques were used to test the central hypotheses of SLT and the matching concept. The study produced 18 matches and 126 mismatches. One statistical technique, the partitioned test, was found to provide the most insight about SLT and the concept of matching. The researchers recommend its utilization in future research of SLT. The researchers conclude that SLT remains intuitively appealing and empirically contradictory. The concepts of SLT and matching are engaging and further research is recommended.
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  • 3
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 19 (1998), S. 44-53 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Leadership has been a major topic in management and business literature over the last few years. The rapid changes in business, technology, political and social factors has required the development of effective leadership skills. As a result leadership development programs have become an increasing priority for business and government organisations. This article puts forward an integrated model for leadership development. The major focus of this model is to develop leadership competencies which directly contribute to the strategic imperatives of the business. In addition, it describes the key elements that contribute to a successful leadership experience such as changing mindsets, a global focus, personal development and improved business and leadership skills. Finally, the most widely used leadership methods and processes are covered under three major themes; contributing to the strategic business direction, building leadership and team skills, and self-development. The ideas put forward in this paper provide senior managers and human resource professionals with an integrated and comprehensive framework to plan and build a leadership development program in their organisation.
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  • 4
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 19 (1998), S. 128-136 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reports the initial exploratory studies in a programme of research that aims to investigate the role of mental models in leadership. Drawing from a cognitive approach, the studies use metaphors as tools to illustrate the models of the leadership construct that are prevalent in lay psychology in an atheoretical, decontextualised manner. The findings show that lay concepts of leadership are less complex and more robust than academic concepts. Implications for both research and the transfer of knowledge to industry are discussed.
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  • 5
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 19 (1998), S. 164-172 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: States that two goal orientations may be held by individuals: a performance goal and a learning goal (Ames and Archer, 1988; Dweck and Leggett, 1988). The much-discussed learning organisation requires individuals either to possess or to develop a learning orientation. Leadership theorists (Bass, 1985; Burns, 1978) have identified characteristics of leadership which may be classified as transactional or transformational. The links between leadership and goal orientation are explored. It was conjectured that transformational leadership would be associated with a learning-goal orientation and transactional leadership would be associated with a performance-goal orientation. These propositions are supported by evidence from an empirical study of professional accountants in the UK. The findings suggest that desirable leadership behaviour for a learning organisation is transformational and desirable follower behaviour should include a learning orientation.
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  • 6
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 19 (1998), S. 194-198 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this article is to examine how senior leaders in organizations can play a greater role in the development of leadership within their organizations. Innovative "leaders developing leaders" programs in PepsiCo, General Electric and Shell are described as examples of tangible and effective ways that can be used for successful leadership development which can also contribute to strategic change and business profitability. Suggestions and various options to incorporate senior executive involvement in leadership development programs are put forward as well as factors that need to be considered when first implementing this approach. At a time when leadership development is recognised as a vital ingredient for organization success, the involvement of senior leaders in the teaching and learning of future leaders has been shown to be a powerful and effective tool.
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  • 7
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 19 (1998), S. 302-308 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Individual culture shock is a well known and evidenced phenomenon. It describes the psychological and also physical reactions of a person staying abroad. These reactions are the result of confrontation with a foreign culture. According to the authors such reactions also exist on the level of society as a whole. This "collective culture shock" influences management and business relations and causes problems. A theory of the collective culture shock is developed that analyses these problems and provides a framework for solutions. This theory suggests that cultural processes and features in transition countries that are usually attributed to the communist heritage are the result of collective culture shock.
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  • 8
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 19 (1998), S. 275-284 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study is concerned with the determination of the most common and effective leadership style in a non-Western culturally mixed environment, and with the exploration of the correlates of leadership style in such a context. Results indicate that consultative style was the most common and effective leadership style in such an environment. Furthermore, findings indicate that leaders' personal attributes such as national culture, experience, education and age; subordinates' personal attributes such as gender, national culture, age and tenure in present organization and organizational factors such as the organization's ownership have a significant relationship with leadership style. Additionally, leaders' personal attributes such as gender, marital status and tenure in present organization, and subordinates' personal attributes such as education, experience and marital status, in addition to organizational factors such as the organization's activity and age have no relationship with leadership style.
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  • 9
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 19 (1998), S. 353-361 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reflects on an organizational development (OD) intervention which addressed strategic culture change with the senior management team of a UK-based international manufacturing organization. In line with emergent theory and practice OD consultants, authors intervened at the three levels: strategy, culture and top team dynamics. Whilst the client seemed happy with the outcomes, the authors believed that the intervention had failed to effect transformational change and were thus motivated to re-examine practice in the light of recent contributions to the OD and organizational learning literature. This analysis suggests that future OD practice should be grounded in processes of dialogue permeating all phases of the intervention. At the diagnostic phase, there is a need to identify more clearly the enablers and barriers to productive learning. Subsequently, during implementation, the boundaries of the intervention with particular reference to politics, authority and task should be managed more carefully and explicitly.
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  • 10
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 19 (1998), S. 374-385 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The effectiveness of the Competing Values Framework (CVF) as a means to determine human resource development needs was examined. Members of the board of directors and all full-time employees of a Cooperative assessed the current status of the organizational culture and the nature of culture desired in the future utilizing a CVF based instrument. Both groups desired a future culture different from the present state, and both groups desired movement in the same directions. The study concludes that CVF analysis is a beneficial means for determining information about human resource skills needing to be developed and/or activated and which activities need to be rewarded or reduced in order to effect this movement.
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  • 11
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 19 (1998), S. 366-373 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study focuses primarily on exploring the role of organizational culture and level of technology used in the organization as predictors of decision-making styles in a non-western country, the United Arab Emirates. Results suggest that organizational culture, and level of technology used in the organization in addition to decision-maker's education and management levels are good predictors of decision-making styles in such an environment. Results also indicate that a tendency towards the participative style prevails among Arab, young, middle management and highly educated managers.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Attempts to look into the question of causality between money and prices in the context of international comparison in four South-east Asian developing countries, based on an improved methodology. Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines were used as case studies. Regarding the money-price causality direction, the study based on both bivariate and multivariate tests, tends to suggest strongly that in those four countries during much of the three decades since 1960, it was money supply that was the leading variable as the monetarists maintain and not the other way around as the structuralists maintain.
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  • 13
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    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 25 (1998), S. 161-178 
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Attempts to examine the relationship between budget (or public) deficits and exchange rates in eight OECD countries, namely Germany, the UK, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, France, and Canada over the period 1980-1995 by using quarterly data and the methodologies of cointegration, long-run causality and Granger (or short-run) causality tests. The empirical findings provide evidence in favour of the association between exchange rates and budget deficits with the impact of these deficits on the exchange rate, however, not being uniform. In certain cases budget deficits seem to have led to a currency depreciation, while in others to a currency appreciation.
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  • 14
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    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 25 (1998), S. 179-192 
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen's analysis of the factory system is used to show how an expanded market makes possible increasing returns in manufacturing, which can in turn lead to the kind of cumulative growth process envisioned by Allyn Young. The analysis is then extended to take into account Nicholas Kaldor's admonition to pay attention to the fact that manufacturing is a process that uses inputs that are the products of nature. It is found that the inability to use the factory system in agriculture limits the extent of increasing returns in manufacturing. Increasing returns in manufacturing and an accompanying pattern of cumulative growth require a continuing infusion of exogenous technological innovation in agriculture.
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  • 15
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    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 25 (1998), S. 392-409 
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines and analyses the TFPG performance of individual service industries in Singapore. TFPG of services were highly cyclical, indicating the overwhelming vagaries of external demand in this small and open economy. Although the TFPG of most services were dismal during 1976-93, the rates were higher for the post-1985 recession period, compared with those in the pre-1985 recession years. This trend reflects the Government's concerted efforts to upgrade the workforce and promote higher technology services. Besides, the service industries which did not conform to this trend had in common massive infrastructural investments which were primarily undertaken by government-linked enterprises with a longer-term interest of the economy at large. Thus it seems that the paternal role of government has a vital influence on Singapore's TFPG performance. The study implies that the role of government could constitute an important factor in the estimation of TFPG, and in comparing TFPG among economies where government roles differ significantly.
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  • 16
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 16 (1998), S. 34-38 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: A popular façade treatment for buildings in Hong Kong is tile cladding. It is used for the majority of low and high-rise residential buildings and the less expensive office developments in lower grade business districts. Mosaic and ceramic tiles are generally durable, versatile, waterproof and need little maintenance. However, tile defects such as dislodgement and water penetration can affect buildings that are only a few years old. The paper examines the typical causes of tiling defects and the range of repair methods that are being adopted in Hong Kong.
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  • 17
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 16 (1998), S. 61-66 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Realistic digital data entry and data handling is the key to unlocking the power of modern computer tools for all forms of building management functions. A survey system is needed to get the vital data about property collected and entered into any management database. Three discrete usage areas for computer technology are identified: data collection, manipulation and presentation. The key differences between the various types of building survey are outlined. The conceptual and actual challenges in each survey system area are explored. Past problems and mistakes in applying technology are discussed. Innovative automated, efficient, and integrated solutions are suggested. A new multi-media and completely digital approach is recommended for applying new computer-based tools to all kinds of property inspection. The future tools for super-efficient building surveys in the next century are considered and predicted.
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  • 18
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 16 (1998), S. 23-24 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Many elderly people and people with disabilities, who form a significant part of society, are unable to use doors and windows due to the physical effort required. Research at BRE over the past two years has produced a guide for the specification of automatic controls for doors and windows in homes that aid access and improve facilities. The research began in April 1995 and has been undertaken as part of a DETR funded Partners in Technology project with support from numerous industry partners. To assist development of the guide, laboratory and field testing of prototype doors and windows with automatic controls has been undertaken. The results of these studies are described.
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  • 19
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 16 (1998), S. 12-21 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the hypothesis that the UK population has not yet fully developed a telemarketing culture and that there is, therefore, a particular need for telemarketers to understand how rapport might be developed on the telephone. Relevant literature from the fields of social psychology, applied psychology and marketing are reviewed and a programme of research was carried out, comprising an Omnibus to measure the extent of telemarketing experience in the UK population and a study among organisations with in-house telemarketing facilities to explore the types of practices that might foster rapport. It concludes that a telemarketing culture still has some way to develop and that, while many organisations used a number of seemingly relevant techniques, in particular NLP mirroring and matching, there are a number of issues still to be resolved regarding measurement of rapport as well as the theory and "measuring instruments" associated with NLP. Other factors affecting the development of rapport in a telemarketing environment are also considered
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  • 20
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 16 (1998), S. 31-37 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Explores the nature and potential of marketing communications in hypermedia, and assesses the role of computer-mediated communication to assist the marketing communications mix. The activities of one company (MCB UP Ltd) are reviewed, as it develops its Web site towards a high value-added, effective and integrated marketing communications environment. Explains why Internet marketers must provide high value-added Internet resources, allowing communication both with and between players in the organisation's supply chain. The impact of computer-mediated "connectivity" and "interactivity" is discussed in terms of the effectiveness of Web-based marketing communications. Commercial opportunities for capitalising on the marketing potential of "virtual communities" are identified. Examples of how such communities may be created and sustained are presented.
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  • 21
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 16 (1998), S. 68-74 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper argues for the consideration by managers of postmodern phenomena and how they might impact on the field of direct marketing communications. It begins by outlining the conditions of postmodernism and then discusses the decline of individualism and the emergence of neo-tribes (Cova, 1997). The paper then progresses by identifying the role which direct marketing might have to play within a postmodern world and argues for a focus on direct response television advertising.
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  • 22
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 16 (1998), S. 100-106 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The "Sales Orientation-Customer Orientation (SOCO)" scale, is a popular and insightful measure used for determining the degree to which salespeople have a long-term-oriented, customer-focused selling approach. Endeavours to investigate applicability of the SOCO scale in the context of the pharmaceutical industry's salesperson-general practitioner relationship. Found that the SOCO scale possesses reliability. Furthermore, discovers a significant rift between a salesperson's perception of his/her orientation and their customer's perception of his/her particular orientation.
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  • 23
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 16 (1998), S. 150-199 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the effect of country of origin on consumer perceptions of products and services. Results reveal that consumer perceptions differ significantly on the basis of product/service and country of origin. The country of origin may be an important element in the perceptions consumers have of products and services especially where little other information is known. However, the question of how much influence the country of origin provides in product and service evaluations remains unanswered and a number of other major issues have yet to be resolved. Directions for future research are developed.
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  • 24
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 16 (1998), S. 260-267 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper aims to examine the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in China by investigating Hong Kong's manufacturing industries established in Guangdong province, and to compare the difference between market-oriented and export-oriented, and between capital intensive and labor intensive FDI in investment decision making. A questionnaire survey is used to verify our argument. It is found that most of Hong Kong's manufacturing investments are labor-intensive and export-oriented. The most important determinants of Hong Kong's manufacturing investment in China are cheap labor and land, stable political environment, government incentive policies and high investment return. The most important location-specific advantages are geographical proximity to Hong Kong, better preferential treatment, good infrastructure, and absence of language barrier. It is also found that export-oriented FDI tends to be efficiency-seeking while market-oriented FDI appears to be resource-seeking.
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  • 25
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    Marketing intelligence & planning 16 (1998), S. 311-317 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study of rockclimbers and outdoor leisure consumers, manufacturers and retailers, sets out to discover the nature and outcomes of the consumer/producer relationship centred around the retail setting. Initial theoretical views on the self, participant role, performance and communitas are explored as a background to the discussion. Data collection involved participant observation, in-depth interviews and a study of both commercially and consumer generated secondary materials (climbing club literature for example). The researchers identified an environment in which temporary leisure identities were supported and at times modified by the retail relationships and were embedded in a rich sub-cultural narrative. Postmodern concepts pertaining to the consumption of place and space corresponded with the observational data, to the extent that recommendations for retailers are less overtly managerial, and more about facilitating the consumer's ownership of the spaces and relationships within them.
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  • 26
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 16 (1998), S. 249-259 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Original and provocative findings that date of birth could have an effect on consumption prompted replication of this exploratory work. Date of birth potentially combines the measurement advantages of demographics with the psychological insights of psychographics when interpreted through an astrological framework. Using a different general household survey data set, consumption was again found to vary by date of birth within the alcohol, leisure and cigarette markets. Implications for segmentation and promotion are discussed.
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  • 27
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    Marketing intelligence & planning 16 (1998), S. 277-286 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The analysis of strategic groups has important implications in marketing in the identification of a firm's competitive position. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that differences in the performance between the strategic groups within an industry exist. The initial hypothesis is that mobility barriers between the groups mean that their members have a relative advantage over other participants in the sector as far as expenses regarding imitation are concerned. Therefore, differences in profits tend to be maintained on a medium- and long-term basis. However, the majority of empirical studies do not show the differences in the perfomance in a clear way. The methodology used consists of different multivariant statistical techniques. On their application to the Spanish savings banks, a limited support for this relation is obtained for some variables.
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    Marketing intelligence & planning 16 (1998), S. 318-326 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents a study of designated gay service environments. Conceptually, the study draws together ideas and frameworks from the consumption literature and from the study of service environments. Analyses issues surrounding gay cultural socialization and its effect on consumption patterns and expression through service environments. The study of the interplay between gay subculture and servicescapes is grounded in qualitative and observational data through field work conducted in the Manchester "gay village". Findings indicate that communitas, individualism and diversity are key facets of the subculture, with bars being used as individual expressions of identity, moods and emotions. Other influences on consumption patterns include interpersonal interaction with friends, the hetero- and homosexual cultural interface, and the ambience of the service environment. Discusses implications for the service marketer, such as the application of marketing models to the creation of servicescapes which reflect and suit the subcultures they are designed for; and raises issues for marketing methodology by noting the value of consumption-based research in creating a picture of the "gay" lifestyle.
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  • 29
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    Marketing intelligence & planning 16 (1998), S. 369-374 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Both advertising and sponsorship are key areas of marketing communications activity, though the latter has acted as a somewhat "Cinderella" subject. In the heightened and increasing consumer-oriented marketing communications world of the 1990s, this paper asks whether these two marketing communications methods exist in an uneasy alliance or strategic symbiosis. Given the press (both practitioner and academic) coverage concerning integrated marketing communications, it may seem self-evident that the latter alternative is preferred, but a rationale behind this preferstment is advanced. Notably, the shared conventions of the two communications activities constitute the text of their interactions. This sharing, or as we have termed it, a symbiotic relationship, leads in turn to the what can be described as the unity of a marketing communications culture, or its objective (managerial) mind.
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    Property management 16 (1998), S. 145-159 
    ISSN: 0263-7472
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Within the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe, radical and far-reaching programmes of reform are taking place. Central to these are the processes of privatisation and decentralisation which require the newly-created tiers of local government to develop their own sources of locally-based revenue. The property tax represents what is, from an international perspective, the most important, stable source of revenue for local government. The majority of the new emerging democracies have introduced or are in the process of introducing ad valorem-based property taxes. This paper begins by focusing on those key elements which are central to the successful implementation of such systems and then gives a brief summary of developments in two transitional countries, namely, Armenia and the Czech Republic.
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  • 31
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 13 (1998), S. 137-142 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Recently there has been a significant increase in the number of academic international research teams (AIRTs) which are conducting large scale cross-national research studies. These efforts hold much potential to advance international comparative research. However, there are a number of issues associated with these studies that rarely occur in other research efforts. The purpose of this manuscript is to articulate a number of these issues which can be categorized into two main groups, research methodology and publishing. Research methodology issues include the comparability and matching of samples, the timing of data collection, and the comparability of research instruments. Publishing issues include manuscript length, the timing of publications, and cross-cultural authorship issues. It is essential that these issues are addressed if the field is to reap the full benefits of these large cross-national studies.
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  • 32
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    International marketing review 15 (1998), S. 188-204 
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Increases in the international marketing of services have created a need to better understand the determinants of service export performance measures. While numerous studies suggest using either the ratio of a firm's foreign sales over its total sales, number of markets, perceptions of export profitability, or management's satisfaction with export performance as surrogate indicators of export performance, these measures are based upon the fundamentals of manufacturing industries. To better equip service managers with appropriate evaluative tools, this study analyzes the alternative methods of measuring export performance within the context of the services industry, Results of a survey of US-based, international business-to-business service firm indicate that each measure captures different components of overall export performance. This research identifies the key input variables of each export performance measure to help international managers of service firms select the export performance measure that is most appropriate for them to use in determining whether or not they are achieving their goals.
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    International marketing review 15 (1998), S. 215-231 
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Key account management has been increasingly important in international markets. Key account programs differ considerably across countries and firms but all organizations have to decide how to identify their own major accounts and how to organize for effective relationship building with them. The purpose of this article is to assist organisations to determine the positioning of their major customer relationships so as to formulate key account relationship marketing strategies and implement them effectively in China and other Asian countries. A key account relationship model is described, with an empirical survey on the measurement components of the model. Also, conclusions about the research questions are given in the form of various perspectives and perceptions. Finally, a summary of both theoretical and practical implications for business practice and applications is presented.
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    International marketing review 15 (1998), S. 246-256 
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper compares the promotional practices and perceptions between two countries of disparate cultural backgrounds, namely Australia and Hong Kong. The paper argues that the preference for a particular promotional tool is influenced by the degree of cultural orientation as measured by Hofstede's collectivism index. The central hypothesis is that countries with a higher score on the collectivism index are likely to favour personal selling promotion tools than will countries with a lower score. This hypothesis is tested with two separate samples of clothing and shoe retailers from Australia and Hong Kong. The hypothesis is supported from the statistical results.
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  • 35
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    Journal of managerial psychology 13 (1998), S. 22-27 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: In a large-scale survey of medical practitioners and consultant practices throughout Germany, job-related pressure was found to be significantly higher among the eastern German Federal States (former GDR) compared to the older Federal States (former West Germany). More specifically, those practising in East Germany reported significantly more stress regarding the "work-leisure interface" (problems associated with clearly demarcating work and private time). In addition, medical staff in the new Federal States displayed slightly lower levels of job satisfaction, and less risk taking and were more cautious in their attitudes than their West German counterparts. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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    Journal of managerial psychology 13 (1998), S. 77-89 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Training programs are infrequently evaluated and when they are evaluated they often rely on pre-experimental designs and feedback of the participants. This statement is also true of management development programs based on 360 feedback. In this study the effects of a training program administered with 360 feedback are evaluated using pre- and post-observations of the participants' managerial skills in control and experimental groups. The results indicate that changes in individual skills could not be contributed to the training program, but that changes in the overall profiles of skills could. Why this could occur is discussed as well as suggestions for improving training evaluation.
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    Journal of managerial psychology 13 (1998), S. 206-213 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Managing international research projects in the academic field is far from being easy. Apart from the problems of language and semantics, it requires awareness not only of cultural differences but also of the different phases of such projects. The authors analyse and elaborate on each of these phases. According to their own experiences, they conclude that what is difficult in such projects is not so much to monitor the cultural variables as to manage peers who usually behave independently in their academic circles.
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    Journal of managerial psychology 13 (1998), S. 230-240 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: This paper discusses the issues relating to the origin, development, and management of the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness research program (GLOBE) project. GLOBE is a cross-cultural research program involving 160 scholars in research teams in 60 nations. The discussion includes designing the research program; recruiting participating scholars; obtaining commitment to the program objectives; replacing country teams which fail to meet their objectives; establishing electronic and Web links; designing the documentation for data collection and coding; establishing rights to data sharing and authorship; and dividing responsibility for data analysis and writing. Special attention is given to lessons learned from managing the project.
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    Journal of managerial psychology 13 (1998), S. 28-37 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Banks in Pacific-rim countries have widely and aggressively used retail banking and branch networking to provide services. However, it is widely believed that Machiavellianism is counter to conservative banking practices. This paper reports the research findings of the Machiavellian orientation of retail banking executives in Hong Kong and the relationship between Machiavellianism and job satisfaction in the banking sector. The results indicate that a relation between Machiavellianism and job satisfaction, but not career satisfaction, exists in retail banking executives.
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    Journal of managerial psychology 13 (1998), S. 38-46 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: By more closely examining the structural "support" necessary to enhance corporate entrepreneurship - that is, to enhance the entrepreneurial behaviors of a firm's employees - firms may increase their success with innovation. We specifically suggest that enabling employees to detect, facilitate and pursue opportunities while fostering an organic, organizational structure with shared vision and values increases a firm's breadth and depth of commercialized innovations. Our rationale for these proposed relationships, as well as suggestions for implementing an entrepreneurial corporate structure, are presented.
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    Journal of managerial psychology 13 (1998), S. 150-155 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: The number of academic international research teams (AIRTs) is rapidly increasing. While AIRTs are essential to addressing complex international research issues they can also often involve a large number of challenging issues. Like corporate international teams, AIRTs must face the challenge of cross-national differences including large distances, multiple languages, and numerous cultural values. In addition, they must deal with a number of unique issues involving the abstract nature of an intellectual endeavor, differences in academic career motivations and discipline fields, and the necessity of often completing projects on scarce resources. This manuscript reviews five articles which tackle the complexity of AIRTs. In doing so we seek to bring out the most interesting observations as well as the most important recommendations for how to tackle these challenges in future AIRTs.
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  • 42
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    Journal of managerial psychology 13 (1998), S. 199-205 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Interest in methods, processes and problems associated with conducting interdisciplinary, cross-cultural research in team-based settings has increased dramatically in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of six different viewpoints regarding identifying and managing problems inherent to the successful creation of intellectual, internationally based joint ventures. Following a detailed description of each article, integrative conclusions are presented.
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    Journal of managerial psychology 13 (1998), S. 188-198 
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    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Suggests that the intellectual distance among scholars is a cause of difficult co-ordination during the project. The intellectual distance among scholars is the distance among their cognitive systems, a wide concept including a multi-level belonging: institutional, disciplinary, paradigmatic, and cultural belonging, as well as social networking, etc. The higher the cumulative intellectual distance within the academic international research projects (AIRP), the higher the co-ordination needs during the process. Nevertheless, this paper suggests a better acknowledgement of intellectual distance might foster AIRP effectiveness. Assumes that cognitive systems are assessable only indirectly through scholars' intellectual artefacts, thus introducing a methodology in order to study them. Adopts scholars' citations as a proxy of their cognitive system, thus testing methodology on two major management journals. Suggests a few actions project champions may adopt in order to abridge intellectual distance within AIRP.
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    Journal of managerial psychology 13 (1998), S. 309-317 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Two attitudinal (training value and training motivation) and two organizational (opportunity to transfer and transfer reward) factors were proposed to affect the transfer of MBA knowledge to the job and were tested using multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that only training value was significantly related to transfer outcome. In other words, the greater the perception of training value, the more would be the training applications. Other factors were shown to have little impact. It might be due to the fact that testing of the transfer of MBA knowledge required a longitudinal approach that should incorporate the identification of what MBA knowledge was to be transferred. Future studies were also suggested to include other individual, attitudinal, and environmental factors to study their effects on training transfer.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 65-75 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This case study sets out the strategic options available to the Massone Group for its possible entry into the UK catering market. It outlines and summarises the contract catering market including an analysis of the major players in the industry. There is little consolidation across the manufacturing and catering sectors and so it is necessary to examine the food manufacturing sector separately. With this background, we describe and illustrate the grants available from both the UK and EU to any potential investment. This section outlines the funds applicable to each strategic category (greenfield, premises or acquisition) described later in the case study. Included within the analysis of greenfield sites are two examples from nearby Merseyside and a specific evaluation of the specific grants or assistance available for such sites.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 133-140 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: There is widespread concern that children consume too few fruit and vegetables and as a result are likely to incur health problems. This paper outlines a series of studies in which an intervention that combines video-based peer modelling with rewards has been shown to be very effective in enabling children to eat a variety of fruit and vegetables that previously they rejected. These effects have been very substantial and long lasting. The procedure has been used successfully in children's own homes and, as this paper shows in particular detail, in school settings.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 147-153 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This paper reflects on a sociological study of eating out in the UK. After a brief résumé of the study and its main empirical findings it addresses questions about the relationship between social scientific and other forms of practical knowledge about consumption. In the context of a process referred to as the commercialisation of mental life, the paper isolates a number of features which distinguish sociological from market research approaches to the topic. It is argued that too determined a practical focus to the study of consumer behaviour is likely to compromise understanding.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 154-161 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Tightened UK land-use planning regulation governing retail development, specifically the 1993 and 1996 revisions of the Department of the Environment's PPG6 Town Centres and Retail Developments, appeared to usher in a new era of more restricted and redirected food store expansion. This paper explores to what extent that restriction and redirection has occurred, sifts rhetoric from "reality" in the intense debates that have surrounded PPG6, poses alternative interpretations of the contemporary food store development dynamic, and assesses the food choice implications of these developments.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 162-167 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This article argues for a biographical and geographical understanding of foods and food choice. It suggests that such an approach highlights one of the most compelling characteristics of food - that being the way in which it connects the wide worlds of an increasingly internationalised food system into the intimate space of the home and the body. More specifically, and based on ongoing empirical research with 12 households in inner north London, the article explores one aspect of food biographies, through an interlinked consideration of what consumers know of the origins of foods and consumers' reactions to systems of food provision. It concludes that a structural ambivalence can be identified, such that consumers have both a need to know and an impulse to forget the origins of the foods they eat.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 171-183 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The power and usefulness of perceived risk theory in understanding shoppers' behaviour has been demonstrated many times over recent years in the UK by the numerous food scares. The article explores how retailers use perceived risk in their strategies and develops the links between store attributes and risk dimensions. This re-interpretation of previous store-image studies provides a new conceptual framework for understanding store image and deepens our knowledge of how risk and risk-reduction are operationalised in practice. The paper also reviews some evidence on factors which affect shoppers' risk perceptions, e.g. age, gender, group discussion, brand name and shopping channel and discusses how the risk concept can be used by food retailers as well as presenting some ideas for future research.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 184-190 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A common approach to analysing markets and selecting the most profitable target consumers is to identify and focus on the heavy users. Although this is a widely used practice in food marketing, no general theory describes the characteristics of heavy users of food products. The purpose of this paper is to use data from four empirical studies to test hypotheses about heavy wine users with the objective of developing a comprehensive model of heavy usage. The topics of the surveys were wine attitudes and behaviours. Data came from samples of students and adult US consumers. The findings showed consistently that heavy wine users were more likely to be interested in and involved with wine. When compared with studies of heavy users in other product fields, the beginnings of a general model of heavy usage that focuses on product involvement rather than demographics can be proposed.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 191-200 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Enormous variation exists internationally in the regulation of nutrition and health messages on the food label. For the consumer, the health claim on the label becomes a value-added point of product differentiation. Therefore, for the food industry, access to a health claim is a key marketing variable. It is important to understand the role of the public policy process in establishing health claims as developing nations mature and choose an approval process to advance their own food regulatory environment. Their choice of approach, and the type of participants contributing to the process, will influence the type of health claim outcome and the latitude of marketing permitted on the food label. This paper identifies and compares the regulatory approaches, in effect in early 1977, used to establish health claims in Japan, Australia and the European Union. There does not seem to be a clear international "lead" nation regulatory model for health claims, and this suggests global economies of scale are elusive for product development and marketing based on health claims.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 221-227 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The paper explores food consumption experiences of an ethnic minority group - the British-Pakistanis in Bradford, UK. The paper looks at the way the British Pakistanis perceive their food, and at their perception of English food in the UK. In doing so the paper identifies some important generational and gender differences in food consumption experiences. The first generation of British-Pakistanis perceive their own food to be traditional, tasty but oily and problematic. The English foods are perceived by the same generation as foreign, bland, but healthy. The young generation of British-Pakistanis is increasingly consuming mainstream English foods while also consuming traditional Pakistani food. The paper draws on participant observation and in-depth interviews with British-Pakistanis in Bradford.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 201-207 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The recent history of Poland is characterised by the process of transition from the centrally planned to a market-oriented economy and by the new challenge of preparing for joining the EU. Several authors indicate that Polish consumers are more and more similar to European consumers in terms of consumer behaviour. The research under consideration aims to identify similarities and differences between Polish and Belgian consumers with respect to consumer behaviour towards yoghurt. The choice of the dairy product yoghurt as a research subject is based on its remarkable consumption increase and product innovation rate during the previous decade. A survey of 400 respondents in the urban regions of Gent (Belgium) and Olsztyn (Poland) reveals statistically significant differences in consumption frequency, perception of product attributes and consumer attitude and preference towards yoghurt. The process of cross-national data gathering and analysis identifies topics of interest to food companies and marketeers seeking to enter markets in Central and Eastern Europe.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 228-235 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This paper describes the findings of a research project which investigated the suitability of the UK as a possible niche market for a speciality Portuguese smoked sausage (Chouriço de Portalegre). The paper begins with a discussion of niche marketing theory, and proposes three criteria which a potential niche market should adhere to. These criteria are then used as a means of assessing the potential of the UK as a niche market, with the help of secondary and primary research. Results show that the Chouriço de Portalegre has an appropriate mix of qualities for niche marketing in the UK, but that issues of intermediary and customer knowledge and communication of product benefits need to be overcome.The findings have important implications for retailers of speciality meat products in the UK.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 236-243 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This paper aims to identify and describe the determinants of consumer attitudes towards artisanal cheeses within the speciality cheese market and the reasons behind the growing interest in this premium value sector as evinced by two surveys of specialist food retailers and artisanal cheese consumers. The survey results obtained are presented in the context of a changing consumption culture and the concept of an emerging "postmodern" consumerism. Artisanal cheese consumers focus on the unique characteristics of the products and their distinctive character in relation to mass produced industrial cheeses. Price and functional properties of artisanal cheeses are less important in the consumer purchase decision. Artisanal cheese consumers are characterised by "variety seeking" behaviour. This is stimulated by the broad range of available flavours, tastes and cheese types and suggests a low degree of brand or even cheese-type loyalty among such consumers. The "plural" nature of the "speciality" cheese market accommodates well the highly individual and fragmented requirements of consumers of artisanal cheeses.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 244-253 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: German consumers are not really like the image that the German courts present. The portrait of a helpless, debilitated, immature creature who is in need of protection so as not to be led astray by advertising is not accurate. The European Court of Justice paints the average buyer as sensible, attentive and cautious, as well as possessing the ability to analyse the message behind advertising. So, in fact, the German consumer is awake and responsive to European developments. What is needed is a balance between market freedom and the protection of consumers; including a high availability of information for these potential buyers. When the consumer is adequately informed he/she will then be in the position to reap the full benefits of a single European market. But market access is crucial. With the growth of market access and information the subsequent behaviour of the potential consumers is determined by their ability to make rational decisions once given all the information. The availability of consumer information is twofold when applied to regulating the market: the autonomy of consumers becomes the mechanism for reconciling the market freedom rights of manufacturers; and the right that the buyer possesses to have their economic interests protected.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 254-259 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: It has been suggested that habitual consumers of sugar experience "cravings" when deprived. Subjects (n = 27) who habitually consumed sugar-sweetened drinks were placed on a seven-day regime receiving either sugar-sweetened drinks, or aspartame-sweetened alternatives. A between-subjects design was used to prevent subjects comparing the drinks, which were given blind with the cover story that the study was testing a new drink. In fact commercial carbonated beverages were given. At the end, subjects were unable to guess which they had received. Subjects completed a prospective food diary and rated mood daily using the Profile of Mood States, as well as before and after each test drink, using simple visual analogue scales. Compared to subsequent days, on the first day of the study subjects receiving aspartame-sweetened drinks ate fewer grams of carbohydrate and had fewer sugar episodes (where sugars, or sugar-fat, or sugar-alcohol mixtures were consumed). Overall energy intake for the day was unaffected. By day two, there were no differences between the groups in diet or mood. Body weight at seven days was unaltered from baseline. Blind substitution of aspartame-sweetened for sugar-sweetened soft drinks did not increase other sugar consumption and did not adversely affect mood. Any effects of this dietary change appear transient.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 273-277 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Scotland has one of the worst records in the western world for Coronary Heart Disease. The problem is to a large extent diet-related. The Scottish Office has, therefore, set out a diet plan for Scotland. Its recommendations to the public are in terms of individual foodstuffs. This study using national household survey data and demand modelling based on the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) analyses the economic and demographic factors influencing Scotland's diet. The analysis shows that Scots are slowly moving from a diet rich in fat and cholesterol to a more healthy diet containing more white meat and fruit and vegetables. Part of the problem is income-related with the wealthiest segment of the population having the best diet. Age is also a factor with the older people consuming a diet more suitable to the period of heavy industrial labour in which they were brought up.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 278-285 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This study focuses on the strategic nature of information on new products or innovations, and examines how it is managed (detailed versus non-detailed) and when it is released (pre-announcements versus announcements) in the food and food-related industries. We found that, compared with the pharmaceutical and the computer industries, firms in the food industry more often use pre-announcements instead of announcements to release information on innovative activities. The calculated ?2 of the hypothesis that there is no difference between the mode of releasing information and the industry group is 7.471 with 2 degrees of freedom and p of 0.0239, while the ?2 with 5 per cent level of significance and 2 df is 5.99. We also found that information released on innovative activities in the food industry is less detailed than that in the other two industries. Furthermore, the press coverage of innovations and new product information in the food industry is significantly smaller compared with the other two industries. Finally, we found that the financial markets (stock prices) do not react significantly to new information on innovations in the food industry.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 286-294 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Although the food retail market has continued to grow steadily during the 1990s, the number of retail outlets forced out of business has also increased. In order to remain competitive, the food retailer needs to make full use of all the "tools" within the marketing management toolkit. Sales promotion, although a popular marketing tool, has never enjoyed the academic scrutiny afforded to the more glamorous field of advertising. Research that has been done has tended to concentrate on price-based promotions. These have been the most popular among food retailers, as in many other markets, but there is growing awareness that non-price-based promotions can add value for the consumer while meeting a range of marketing communications objectives. This article looks at the use of consumer competitions, one of the most popular non-price promotional tools, with a survey of 1,232 competitions which were jointly or wholly sponsored by food retailers.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 295-301 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The paper analyses data from the British Health and Lifestyles Survey of 1984/5 and the follow-up survey of 1992. It attempts to break down a large number of food consumption patterns into a smaller number of interpretable factors or tastes which are then used in statistical regression models to analyse the determinants and changes in the strengths of these tastes over time. The results show that the nature of change has been contradictory when looked at from a health-based perspective. Some tastes are changing in a healthier direction, while others are not. Social class, age, and gender are all shown to be significant determinants of taste in both time periods.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 312-319 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Gaining competitive advantage in retailing requires knowledge of the attributes consumers use to evaluate stores and an understanding of why these attributes are important. Although a number of store-image studies have identified store attributes, evidence suggests that these attributes vary by store type and over time, but no work has considered the most crucial aspects to retailers, namely store loyalty. As no study has examined the links between store attributes and store loyalty, our knowledge remains largely speculative. This article explores this link using Kelly's repertory grid methodology to assess the store images of three UK grocery retailers. Important differences were seen between primary store-loyal customers' perception of their store and secondary store-loyal customers' perception of that store. For example, primary-loyal Tesco customers perceived quality, convenience and value factors in that order of importance, whilst primary-loyal Kwik-Save customers perceived quality, value and convenience factors when considering Tesco. Implications for retail positioning strategies and the development of store loyalty are discussed.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 320-325 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The study reports on a small-scale survey of teenagers' preferences for a selection of pre-prepared foods sold by the school cash cafeteria, nutritional knowledge towards fat, attitudes to nutritional labelling of school food and their intended change in eating behaviour prompted by nutritional labelling. Results suggest that the provision of simple nutritional labelling information on school meals in cash cafeterias in secondary schools could have a positive influence on children's choices of fat in school food and be a valuable educational resource to help in the long-term aim of reducing fat consumption for the whole UK population.
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    British food journal 100 (1998), S. 413-418 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This paper reports the results of a recent online survey of consumer attitudes toward selected US online storefronts marketing barbecue sauce, cheese, olive oil, and potato chips as well as international companies marketing an assortment of specialty food products. It describes the relationship between consumer attitudes toward a commercial WWW site and likelihood of purchase as well as demographic factors which are related to online purchasing behavior of food and drink products.
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    Personnel review 27 (1998), S. 5-19 
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: New empirical research is presented on the human resource management implications of introducing a service excellence programme into an Australian optometry company. The case study is used to demonstrate the difficulties of changing employee behaviour and illustrates how the rhetorical hype behind the quality initiative has done little to improve employee relations at work. Company shifts between the "softer" and "harder" aspects of quality are also examined and the more recent market-driven push for companies to comply with an expanding raft of bureaucratic procedures is questioned. The article concludes by calling for further critical research to offset the quality campaigns of vested interests which often mask the commercial downside associated with some elements of the "quality revolution".
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    Personnel review 27 (1998), S. 57-77 
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Service organisations are striving to increase the quality of the services they offer. They are also using a wide variety of people management techniques. These two activities can sometimes come into conflict. This article examines a variety of management practices, particularly from human resource management (HRM), used by the service sector, and assesses their potential impact on service quality and total quality management (TQM). Many techniques are identified as being potentially supportive of quality improvement but some pose threats, particularly those most closely associated with cost minimisation and the less subtle forms of managerial control. In order to encourage research in this area a number of research propositions and an agenda for further research are developed.
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    Personnel review 27 (1998), S. 124-142 
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reviews and integrates UK and North American research on job relocation relating to managerial and professional employees. Notes evidence which indicates an increasing level of reluctance by such employees to relocate for job reasons. Examines barriers to domestic relocation, including those related to financial and personal reasons, and organisational interventions designed to overcome them. Recognises that traditional forms of organisational intervention to alleviate barriers to relocation may be becoming less effective despite careful targeting. Analyses research data from the UK local authority sector to explore the effectiveness of organisational interventions to overcome barriers to relocation. Uses force field theory to evaluate the relationship between these barriers and organisational interventions in relation to organisations in general and UK local authorities in particular. Draws conclusions about the nature and use of organisational interventions to overcome barriers to domestic relocation, and discusses the applicability of the findings drawn from the UK local authorities research data.
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    Personnel review 27 (1998), S. 396-411 
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Starting from the viewpoint that career is a gender concept, the author suggests that organisational culture is a key determinant in relation to career paths, fostering success for men, and difficulty for women. Four case study organisations were investigated using repertory grid interviews with men and women managers, group discussions, and documentary evidence. In each case the organisational background, and traditional and current career paths are described, with comments on the extent to which these could be negotiated by women. Respondents outlined what is valued in managers in terms of characteristics and behaviour in their respective organisations. All these aspects are linked to the key assumptions underlying each organisational culture. In three out of the four organisations women faced serious difficulties. Only in a NHS Trust with a female chief executive was there close congruity between culture and style, and career paths open to all.
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    Personnel review 27 (1998), S. 460-476 
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Explores the implications arising from the complete devolvement of human resource responsibilities within an organization to line managers. Reviews the changing role for line managers through the literature related to the adoption of HRM. Uses theories by Guest and by Storey as a framework to examine the success of completely devolving the human resources function to line managers within a medium-sized private sector company. Uses data collected through a questionnaire, a card sort and in-depth interviews from a sample of 51 employees to evaluate this framework. Data indicate that the promotion of a soft HRM approach was being displaced by a harder, piecemeal, resource-based approach. Analyses the need for human resource specialists based on the case study data. Argues that the absence of an identified top management role which includes personnel had a negative impact on the organization's ability to achieve strategic integration in the management of human resources. Relates this to further negative consequences in relation to commitment to the organization, flexibility and quality.
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    Personnel review 27 (1998), S. 433-447 
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the introduction of local pay bargaining in a National Health Service Trust. The focus of the article is the irritation experienced by a senior manager responsible for its implementation and operation. Rhetorically deconstructs the manager's exasperation, highlighting in the process the contingent organizational world he operates within, as well as the manager's monologic solution to the justified concerns of health professionals about the potentially damaging effects of local pay.
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    Personnel review 27 (1998), S. 448-459 
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Government White Paper, Fairness at Work, offers the opportunity for a statutory procedure for the introduction of collective bargaining when a majority of trade union members within a workplace require it. Within this proposal assumptions are made concerning the nature of individual contracts and the wishes of employees covered by them. The article indicates that the extent of derecognition in the 1980s and 1990s has underestimated the number of employees denied collective bargaining through transfer to personal contracts. Based on research covering trade unionists who have remained in membership despite transfer to personal contracts, their motives for membership and attitudes to representation and recognition are explored. While increasingly accommodated to determination of their pay and conditions on an individual basis, the trade union members in this sample remain concerned about the opacity of procedures and the lack of voice. Recognizing that this does not infer a return to the collective bargaining of the past, an alternative structure which recognizes individual contracts within collective relations is recommended.
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    Employee relations 20 (1998), S. 271-284 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article examines the nature of industrial relations and work practices in Japanese firms within an investment cluster in Telford, Shropshire. Telford has the highest concentration of Japanese firms in one site in Britain. The article examines how conditions which were supposedly favourable to the transfer of Japanese production and personnel practices - a new town, offering greenfield investment opportunities within a quiescent industrial relations environment - actually did not facilitate ease of transfer. Rather, we suggest that problems within the labour market, including the very absence of trade unions as a collective voice for expressing workers' grievances, created conditions unfavourable to the transplantation of Japanese work and personnel practices.
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    Employee relations 20 (1998), S. 26-56 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the relationships between cultural values and preferences for human resource management (HRM) policies and practices in a sample of Taiwanese employees. Specifically, seeks to examine patterns of Chinese national culture in Taiwan, to identify the preferences of employees for specific HRM policies and practices, and to explore the extent to which individual cultural value orientations shape individual preferences for HRM policies and practices. Presents findings from data based on 452 employees from the shopfloor to senior management positions in seven Taiwanese organisations. By controlling the measure of national culture in terms of value orientations, it is found that they account for from only 5 per cent to 10 per cent of the total individual variance in HRM preference. A factor analysis supports the view that national culture value orientations represent a separate construct to both work values and more traditional measures of work outcomes, such as job satisfaction and commitment.
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    Employee relations 20 (1998), S. 333-349 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Both enterprise agreements (EAs) and the implementation of total quality management (TQM) have the goals of improving productivity and performance and distributing the gains of such improvement within workplaces and, in a broader context, making Australian products more competitive in the international marketplace. Despite their common goals, the two approaches are not substantially "married" in action. This paper examines the inclusion of TQM and related clauses (henceforth quality) in EAs in Queensland and concludes that as yet the EA approach adopted by most organisations only incorporates some aspects of a quality approach to improving performance.
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    Employee relations 20 (1998), S. 180-195 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Considers the role of employee representation in improving health and safety performance within small enterprises. Focuses on an approach to employee participation through regional health and safety representatives and provides an analysis of the factors necessary to ensure their effectiveness, based on previous studies in the UK and Sweden. Identifies and analyses the challenges presented by small enterprises in light of evidence from existing evaluation of regional representative schemes. Identifies and discusses supportive factors that might enhance representative participation in health and safety in small enterprises, including the role of regulation, and employer and trade union support. Considers the implications of the Health and Safety (Consultation of Employees) Regulations 1996 and concludes that in their present form they offer only very limited support for employee representation in health and safety in small enterprises.
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    Employee relations 20 (1998), S. 461-482 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Despite important differences in labour flexibility patterns in different countries and despite clear indications of the important role of institutional factors with respect to HRM, to date there has been little research on the interaction between the institutional context and the HRM of companies. This paper seeks to address this issue with regard to labour flexibility strategies and reveals a promising approach to learning how the development of a topic, such as labour flexibility, takes place in practice. The case of The Netherlands clearly shows the interaction between the institutional context and company flexibility strategies. The institutional context was found to influence company strategies but, in return, these strategies were later seen to impact the institutional setting. In The Netherlands the system of labour relations has been adapted in response to calls from companies for more flexible labour relations. This has led to changes in labour laws and regulations, which, in turn, have stimulated new company strategies.
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    Employee relations 20 (1998), S. 551-564 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reviews the competing perspectives given to the developments of European works councils (EWCs). In doing this an evaluation is given regarding the current state of the European labour movement and its ability to condition and influence contemporary practices of multinational corporations in an era of disturbances to existing national industrial relations regimes. In particular, the article addresses the concerns raised by commentators who adopt the position that EWCs may undermine traditional forms of joint regulation and, consequently, reinforce the development of narrow/parochial enterprise-based unionism. The paper questions this position by offering an alternative interpretation regarding the evolution and influence that EWCs can have on the management of MNCs. It highlights how management information systems, organisational structures and power relations are vulnerable to employee collaborative activities across national boundaries.
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    Employee relations 20 (1998), S. 610-627 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: States that shop stewards have traditionally been viewed as "pivotal" to employee representation at the place of work. Given the changing composition of the workforce, increasingly part-time and female, combined with the growth of non-union firms, stewards are increasingly absent from many new workplaces. Argues that, in this environment, it is not only stewards that employees go to with workplace problems, but the voluntary sector and, in particular, the Citizens' Advice Bureaux (CABx). The paper will then go on to outline the overlapping nature of the work of CAB advisers and stewards. The final section argues that, rather than replacing the traditional shop steward, CABx provide stewards, and unions generally, with the opportunity to reinforce their presence among sections of the workforce that have traditionally been alienated from the labour movement.
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    Employee relations 20 (1998), S. 92-98 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the relationship between perceived threats to job security, job insecurity, job satisfaction and intentions to quit among recent business school graduates. Most job insecurity research has considered longer tenured organizational employees. Anonymous questionnaires were completed by 217 respondents. LISREL analysis provided considerable support for the proposed research model. Perceived threats to job security had direct effects on insecurity and indirect effects on both job satisfaction and intent to quit through job insecurity.
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    Employee relations 20 (1998), S. 164-179 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents an evaluation of a trade union project to appoint regional health and safety representatives in farm-working. Outlines the background and development of the scheme and assesses its outcomes. Reviews the problem of health and safety in agriculture and discusses the scheme as a means of improving the health and safety performance of the small enterprises typical of the industry. Identifies factors that have supported or constrained the activities of the regional safety representatives and evaluates their importance. Compares the scheme with analysis of more developed provisions for regional health and safety representatives found in Sweden and identifies and discusses a number of supporting and limiting factors common to both schemes. Concludes the project has achieved very limited success in improving joint consultation on health and safety in agricultural employment. Suggests its limited progress is a result of constraints specific to the industry rather than those of employment in small enterprises in general. Proposes further strategies that the trade union might adopt to increase the chances of success within the industry.
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    Employee relations 20 (1998), S. 237-247 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In the late 1980s, the idea of Japanization dominated debates about the restructuring of production, work and industrial relations in this country. There was, of course, some evidence to support the Japanization thesis; yet, even at the time of the strongest influence, there were indications that it did not describe what was happening very well. It now seems much more plausible to argue that British manufacturing companies were on a distinctive trajectory of development, which has only passing similarities to Japanese patterns of organization.
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    Employee relations 20 (1998), S. 285-302 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article reviews Honda's strategy to localize operations, organization and employment relations at Honda of the UK Manufacturing (HUM). The management literature describes Honda as an unusually un-bureaucratic company where individual initiative thrives. However, the production system and organization of work at HUM were found to be very tightly controlled, with little variety of work and individual initiative constrained within strict bounds. This may reflect the relative youth of the plant and the company's strategy to embed its production system thoroughly before permitting change, or it may suggest that production work at Honda does not fit the usual characterization of the company in the literature. Local management has been given freedom to adapt certain aspects of the organization and employment relations framework to fit the British environment, but with no impact on the direct transfer of the production system.
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    Employee relations 20 (1998), S. 365-382 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article looks at attempts made by a case study organization, Surrey County Council, to evaluate and restructure the employment relationship in the context of a range of financial, managerial and political pressures for change. The notion of the psychological contract is used to conduct this evaluation and restructuring. A survey eliciting the views of some 6,000 Surrey employees highlights major gaps in terms of what employees expect and receive from their employer as well as discrepencies in what employees feel they owe the employer and actually give. Consideration is given to how the authority has sought to address these concerns through a new deal with employees. The article provides insights into the contingent circumstances leading to changes in the employment relationship, information on the state of the psychological contract in local government and an illustrative case of how one local authority went about addressing employee concerns in the light of major constraints.
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    Employee relations 20 (1998), S. 443-452 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article examines the problems that the expansion and spread of flexible working patterns have created for the trade unions. Drawing evidence from across Europe, but focusing on the UK, it is argued that the decline in unionism has a number of antecedents, of which an important factor is the change in the way people are employed. A number of examples of flexible working are examined and the implications of each for union membership and influence are outlined. The paper ends by exploring what the UK unions are doing, and could be doing, to address these issues.
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    Employee relations 20 (1998), S. 490-503 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines flexible wo rking in the workplace using case studies from four different European companies, in three countries. This detailed evidence shows that while flexibility is a major challenge to managements, trade unions and employees, the results are more acceptable to these groups when certain practices are followed. These include its introduction and maintenance through the careful provision of information and consultation with workers, and dealing with flexibility as a process rather than as a one-off cost-cutting exercise. Identifies the implications of this work for managements, trade unions and employees.
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    Employee relations 20 (1998), S. 565-576 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the reform of NHS employment practices focusing on managerial attempts to alter pay and working practices within NHS Trusts. It draws on case study evidence to illustrate the difficulties that have confronted managers in making radical changes in employment practices. It is argued that, despite important changes in working practices, the possibilities for a more strategic approach towards the management of staff in the NHS remains heavily constrained by central government intervention which reduces management autonomy at Trust level. After considering the implications for NHS employment practices of the NHS reforms, case study evidence from an acute trust hospital of pay determination and work organisation reform is assessed. Concludes by placing these findings in a wider context, including the prospects for employment practice reform under a Labour government.
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    International journal of manpower 19 (1998), S. 31-47 
    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: State-sponsored ethnic discrimination is in danger of undermining the complex mix of indigenous ethnic minorities which make up the Latvian labour market. Systematic labour market discrimination has resulted from restrictive legislation on citizenship and language which preserves a substantial list of jobs for citizens and Latvian speakers. A naturalisation process has been introduced for permanent residents, but the procedures associated with it also discriminate against the 45 per cent of the population who are Russian speakers. This paper presents a systematic account of these developments and highlights the economic, social and political dangers inherent in the legislation, and in the recent shift in the educational system to tuition in Latvian only.
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    International journal of manpower 19 (1998), S. 15-30 
    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: It is frequently held that the old "official" unions have largely been discredited, while numerous studies point to employee dissatis-faction with the performance of unions new and old in the era of transformation in Central and Eastern Europe. Nevertheless, membership has not collapsed, although the unions themselves exaggerate its total. It is somewhat surprising therefore that little work has been undertaken on the determinants of the individual union-joining decision in the new environment. This paper undertakes such a study for the case of Poland. Notwithstanding reputation effects, two further forces have accompanied the collapse of the communist regime and are likely to have reduced the attractiveness of union membership to workers. The first is the widespread loss of the distributive role with regard to important private goods which the unions previously possessed, while the second is the challenge to the strength of the social custom of union membership which systemic change has occasioned. While the transition economies are often held to have a distinct industrial relations system, in Poland at least, the determinants of the individual union-joining decision appear very similar to those which have been uncovered in western contexts.
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    International journal of manpower 19 (1998), S. 48-67 
    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Social policy, labour markets and industrial relations are closely linked, both empirically and conceptually, as described in the first part of the paper using examples drawn from the USA and Europe. The same issues are then explored in more detail for the Russian case. The latter half of the paper presents the results of a new survey of Russian heads of household in St Petersburg, Moscow and Voronezh. The households have been selected from among those unemployed, on forced leave, facing imminent redundancy, or recently re-employed after unemployment. Interactions between these four labour market states, household labour market strategies, and their variations across the three cities are explored. Conclusions regarding the current mix of social policy, labour markets and industrial relations in Russia close the paper.
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    International journal of manpower 19 (1998), S. 68-94 
    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In the absence of slavery, worker and employer enter into an enforceable contractual agreement whereby the former is regularly paid by the latter. The systematic non-payment of wages in Russia is the most tangible manifestation of the absence of the rule of law in that country and represents a potent obstacle to the development of effective trade unionism. However, the wage issue has to be set in the context of the wider malaise of non-payment which exists, and for which central government must bear primary responsibility. This paper explores the dilemmas which this situation presents to the union movement and seeks to address the questions of what can and should the unions do about the situation? Because of the depth of the crisis inflicted on the economy by "shock therapy", the answers are not to be found in the bankruptcy courts. While not abrogating their union functions, the trade unions must seek the satisfaction of realisable political demands.
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    International journal of manpower 19 (1998), S. 95-114 
    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Wages in Eastern Germany have risen in excess of productivity growth. The usual argument is that this has been one of the main reasons for the unprecedented level of mass unemployment which has emerged in this decade. This paper argues, however, that the growth of wages, in combination with investment subsidies, has resulted in a period of "creative destruction" which has enabled the economy to embark on a high-technology convergence path and to benefit from dynamic forces which the usual static analysis is forced to overlook. Such a unique approach to the restructuring necessary in transition was facilitated by the unification of the former GDR with developed social market economy with the ability to shoulder many of the associated costs, at least for a time. The need now is for the recognition of profit as a motivator of indigenous investment in Eastern Germany and this calls for a prolonged period of wage restraint, during which time progress towards lower levels of unemployment can be achieved.
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    International journal of manpower 19 (1998), S. 115-133 
    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Foreign direct investment was obviously going to be central to the economic regeneration of the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe. However, the demise of the formerly centrally-planned system was accompanied by the widespread collapse of the old union structures. While these have been replaced, at least in part, by a spontaneous growth of new unions, they have a limited membership and are fragmented in their organization. The usual result is that multinational companies need exhibit little concern regarding the views of their acquired workforce. This paper highlights the rather exceptional case of the Hungarian airline industry in which a moribund, albeit new, union was revitalised to the extent of being able to challenge successfully the overseas employer of its members. While to date unusual, the example may offer lessons for worker organizations throughout the region.
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    Industrial robot 25 (1998), S. 183-184 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Explains a simulation system, the Wheelbarrow Mk 8 Plus control training simulator, developed by Anite Systems to be used by the army for training operators of remote vehicles for making safe explosive devices.
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    Industrial robot 25 (1998), S. 251-255 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The benefits and advantages that robots bring to the grinding and polishing of complex and awkward shaped components is reviewed. They are illustrated with examples from industries as varied as automotive and medical engineering. In the first of these, laminated glass windows for armed vehicles are ground on their periphery with a robot-manipulated grinding tool with high productivity and low part damage. In another, the technology to grind water tap bodies developed in Sweden is transferred to a South Korean company to improve output and quality. Finally, in the grinding of artificial knee joints, robots are shown to deliver the necessary levels of accuracy and surface finish as well as the production rates for one orthopaedic implant manufacturer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 25 (1998), S. 259-261 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: British toolmakers are not renowned for their investment in advanced manufacturing technology. In spite of this mould and die maker, Fletcher & Hamilton has taken the ultimate step and installed the first robotic EDM cell in the UK at its Cheltenham plant. This new facility was introduced following a BIMBO that has transformed the company into a profitable operation specialising in the manufacture of moulding tools for the caps/enclosures, medical and pharmaceutical industries. The philosophy surrounding this transformation is described together with the set-up and operation of the EDM cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 25 (1998), S. 331-336 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A report of exhibits at the Robot and Automation Show held at the NEC, Birmingham at the time of the 25th ISR. It highlights some of the new developments and products on show, leading with the description of a novel robot tube bender being exhibited for the first time. New products range from a 350kg capacity robot developed by Kuka to a high speed SCARA robot from Epson aimed at PCB odd form component placement applications currently dominated by Cartesian robots. Exhibits of software products emphasised the move to low cost PC-based systems aimed at small robot users and systems integrators without the resources of large IT departments, notably from Deneb and BYG Systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 25 (1998), S. 384-388 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: FlexPalletizer IRB 640 is the name of a new palletizing robot developed by ABB that meets the special needs of the consumer goods industry, and particularly those of the foodstuffs and beverage sector. A total of 1,200 palletizing cycles per hour and a handling capacity of 160kg are among the performance features that ensure fast pay-back of the capital investment. Modern software tools not only increase productivity, but also lower the cost of operating the robot. PalletWizard, for example, allows users to create their own palletizing programs off-line and requires no special knowledge of programming. It works in a PC environment and allows the robot to be kept in production while new work cycles, etc., are being created.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of manpower 19 (1998), S. 223-233 
    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Mass production structures have been criticised as being too rigid to respond to increased global competition and to increasingly sophisticated consumers demanding differentiated products. Additionally, the job designs associated with mass production have been criticised for: deskilling workers leading to high worker dissatisfaction; rendering workers unable to make decisions about how they perform their jobs; and for creating a workforce that is not able to respond to the requirements associated with the demands of new work practices. Thus calls for increased flexibility at the organisation level have been made by employer and employee groups. Flexibility promises to provide the competitive edge needed in an increasingly global market; and employees with increased participation, more interesting jobs, stable employment, and better wages and work conditions. However, there still appear to be many unresolved issues relating to the flexibility debate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of manpower 19 (1998), S. 533-544 
    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper represents an attempt to investigate the assimilation process of immigrants in Switzerland. Some institutional and historical background is first presented, after which we analyse the education profile of the immigrants through four cohorts of arrival. The results tend to show that the immigrant workforce is rather heterogeneous and should be analysed with a breakdown by country of origin. Following Chiswick (1978), we then proceed to an analysis of the assimilation process of immigrants in Switzerland. We take into account the possible decline in cohort quality by introducing cohort dummies. The main results are that the assimilation process is closely connected with the education profile of the immigrants and that training in the home country accounts for a large part of the wage differential between the immigrants and the native Swiss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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