ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

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Mapping Moho depth variations in central Italy from PsMoho-P delay times: Evidence of an E-W transition in the Adriatic Moho at 42°N latitude (2014)

Mele, G. ; Di Luzio, E. ; Di Salvo, C.

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-18

Beschreibung: Along the Italian peninsula adjoin two crustal domains, peri-Tyrrhenian and Adriatic, whose boundary is not univocal in central Italy. In this area, we attempt to map the extent of the Moho in the two terrains from variations of the travel time difference between the direct P wave and the P-to-S wave converted at the crust-mantle boundary, called PsMoho. We use teleseismic receiver functions computed at 38 broad-band stations in this and previous studies, and assigned each of the recording sites to the Adriatic or peri-Tyrrhenian terrains based on station location, geologic and geophysical data and interpretation, and consistency of delays with the regional Moho trend. The results of the present study show that the PsMoho arrival time varies from 2.3 to 4.1 s in the peri-Tyrrhenian domain and from 3.7 to 5.5 s in the Adriatic domain. As expected, the lowest time difference is observed along the Tyrrhenian coastline and the largest values are observed in the axial zone of the Apennine chain. A key new result of this study is a sharp E-W boundary in the Adriatic domain that separates a deeper Moho north of about 42 N latitude from a shallower Moho to the south. This feature is constrained for a length of about 40 km by the observations available in this study. The E-W boundary requires a revision of prior mapping of the Moho in central Italy and supports previous hypotheses of lithosphere segmentation.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 3929–3938

Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: open

Schlagwort(e): teleseismic receiver functions ; Moho discontinuity ; central Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Low-temperature magnetic properties of pelagic carbonates: Oxidation of biogenic magnetite and identification of magnetosome chains (2014)

Chang, L. ; Winklhofer, M. ; Roberts, A. P. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-17

Beschreibung: Pelagic marine carbonates provide important records of past environmental change. We carried out detailed low-temperature magnetic measurements on biogenic magnetite-bearing sediments from the Southern Ocean (Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Holes 738B, 738C, 689D, and 690C) and on samples containing whole magnetotactic bacteria cells. We document a range of low-temperature magnetic properties, including reversible humped low-temperature cycling (LTC) curves. Different degrees of magnetite oxidation are considered to be responsible for the observed variable shapes of LTC curves. A dipole spring mechanism in magnetosome chains is introduced to explain reversible LTC curves. This dipole spring mechanism is proposed to result from the uniaxial anisotropy that originates from the chain arrangement of biogenic magnetite, similar to published results for uniaxial stable single domain (SD) particles. The dipole spring mechanism reversibly restores the remanence during warming in LTC measurements. This supports a previous idea that remanence of magnetosome chains is completely reversible during LTC experiments. We suggest that this magnetic fingerprint is a diagnostic indicator for intact magnetosome chains, although the presence of isolated uniaxial stable SD particles and magnetically interacting particles can complicate this test. Magnetic measurements through the Eocene section of ODP Hole 738B reveal an interval with distinct magnetic properties that we interpret to originate from less oxidized biogenic magnetite and enrichment of a biogenic “hard” component. Co-occurrence of these two magnetic fingerprints during the late Eocene in the Southern Ocean indicates less oxic conditions, probably due to increased oceanic primary productivity and organic carbon burial.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 6049–6065

Beschreibung: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): pelagic carbonates ; biogenic magnetite ; rock magnetism ; environmental magnetism ; ODP ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.09. Environmental magnetism

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Sudden deep gas eruption nearby Rome's airport of Fiumicino (2014)

Ciotoli, G. ; Etiope, G. ; Florindo, F. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-24

Beschreibung: On 24 August 2013 a sudden gas eruption from the ground occurred in the Tiber river delta, nearby Rome's international airport of Fiumicino. We assessed that this gas, analogous to other minor vents in the area, is dominantly composed of deep, partially mantle-derived CO2, as in the geothermal gas of the surrounding Roman Comagmatic Province. Increased amounts of thermogenic CH4 are likely sourced from Meso-Cenozoic petroleum systems, overlying the deep magmatic fluids. We hypothesize that the intersection of NE-SW and N-S fault systems, which at regional scale controls the location of the Roman volcanic edifices, favors gas uprising through the impermeable Pliocene and deltaic Holocene covers. Pressurized gas may temporarily be stored below these covers or within shallower sandy, permeable layers. The eruption, regardless the triggering cause—natural or man-made, reveals the potential hazard of gas-charged sediments in the delta, even at distances far from the volcanic edifices.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 5632–5636

Beschreibung: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): geothermal gas ; deep CO2 ; Tiber river delta ; thermogenic CH4 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Unraveling the geometry of the New England oroclines (eastern Australia): Constraints from magnetic fabrics (2014)

Mochales, T. ; Rosenbaum, G. ; Speranza, F. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: The southern New England Orogen (NEO) in eastern Australia is characterized by tight curvatures (oroclines), but the exact geometry of the oroclines and their kinematic evolution are controversial. Here we present new data on the anisotropy ofmagnetic susceptibility (AMS), which provide a petrofabric proxy for the finite strain associated with the oroclines. We focus on a series of preoroclinal Devonian-Carboniferous fore-arc basin rocks, which are aligned parallel to the oroclinal structure, and by examining structural domains, we test whether or not the magnetic fabric is consistent with the strain axes. AMS data show a first-order consistency with the shape of the oroclines, characterized, in most of structural domains, by subparallelism between magnetic lineations, “structural axis” and bedding. With the exception of the Gresford and west Hastings domains, our results are relatively consistent with the existence of the Manning and Nambucca (Hastings) Oroclines. Reconstruction of magnetic lineations to a prerotation (i.e., pre–late Carboniferous) stage, considering available paleomagnetic results, yields a consistent and rather rectilinear NE-SW predeformation fore-arc basin. This supports the validity of AMS as a strain proxy in complex orogens, such as the NEO. In the Hastings Block, magnetic lineations are suborthogonal to bedding, possibly indicating a different deformational history with respect to the rest of the NEO.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 2261–2282

Beschreibung: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): AMS data, magnetic fabric, oroclines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.01. Continents ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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5

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Paleomagnetism and magnetic fabric of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Evidence for oblique convergence and non rotational reactivation of a Mesozoic intracontinental rift (2014)

Jiménez, G. ; Speranza, F. ; Faccenna, C. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: We report the paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric results of 58 sites from Cretaceous-Miocene marine and continental strata from the Eastern Cordillera (EC) and the Cucuta zone, at the junction between the Santander Massif and the Merida Andes of Colombia. The EC is an intracontinental doubly vergent range inverting a Triassic to Early Cretaceous rift zone. Twenty-three sites reveal nonsystematic tectonic rotations, including unrotated areas of the EC range with respect to stable South America. Our data show that the EC inverted a NNE oriented rift zone and that the orientation of the Mesozoic rift and the mountain chain roughly correspond. Interestingly, magnetic lineations from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis do not trend parallel to the chain but rather are oblique to the main orogenic trend. By also considering GPS evidence of a ~1 cm/yr ENE displacement of central western Colombia accommodated by the EC, we suggest that the Miocene-Recent deformation event of this belt arises from ENE oblique convergence reactivating a NNE oriented rift zone. Oblique shortening was likely partitioned into pure dip-slip shear characterizing thick-skinned frontal thrust sheets (well known along both chain fronts) and by range-parallel right-lateral strike-slip faults, which have not been identified yet, but likely exist in the axial part of the EC. Finally, the 35° ± 9° clockwise rotation observed in four post-Miocene magnetically overprinted sites from the Cucuta zone reflects late Cenozoic and ongoing right-lateral strike-slip displacement occurring along faults parallel to the Boconó fault system, possibly connected with the right-lateral faults inferred to exist along the axial part of the EC.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 2233–2260

Beschreibung: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Paleomagnetism, magnetic fabric, Eastern Cordillera ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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An analysis of tropical instability waves in a numerical model of the Pacific Ocean - 1. Spatial variability of the waves (2014)

Masina, S. ; Philander, S. G. H.

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: Unstable oscillations confined within the mixed layer close to the equator are generated in wind-forced experiments performed in a multilevel general circulation model configured for the tropical Pacific Ocean. The experiments indicate that the waves develop preferentially in the eastern Pacific along the northern temperature front. However, there is clear evidence of a second unstable region along the southern temperature front in the central Pacific. In both regions the instabilities propagate westward, but in the central Pacific their phase speed is considerably smaller. The differences between the wave characteristics in the eastern and central Pacific are closely correlated to the differences in the time mean conditions of the flow. The eastern instabilities have a structure with two peaks in amplitude: one located on the equator and the other a few degrees north of it. Their dispersion characteristics show many similarities to those of tropical instability waves (TIWs) observed in the Pacific Ocean, while the instabilities which grow in the central Pacific do not have any known observed correspondents. We explore the spatial variability of the simulated waves through a wavelet analysis, which provides detailed results on how the period and wavelength of the instabilities change as a function of longitude, latitude, and depth. The wavelet analysis reveals that in the eastern Pacific and close to the surface the TIWs have a phase speed of-48 cm/s, while in the central Pacific they have a phase speed of-11 cm/s. In particular, the change in the phase speed is due to a change in the dominant period of the TIWs: The period of the central Pacific instabilities is considerably longer than the period of the instabilities present in the eastern Pacific.

Beschreibung: This work was supported by the Department of Commerce/NOAA grant NA56GP0026. One of the authors (SM) was partially supported by a NASA Global Change Fellowship NGT-30288.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 29613-29635

Beschreibung: 4A. Clima e Oceani

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Ocean modeling ; Equatorial Ocean ; Tropical Instability Waves ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.01. Analytical and numerical modeling

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Intensity of the geomagnetic field in Europe for the last 3 ka: Influence of data quality on geomagnetic field modeling (2014)

Pavón-Carrasco, F. J. ; Gómez-Paccard, M. ; Hervé, Gwenaël ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: One of the main challenges of paleomagnetic research is to obtain high-resolution geomagnetic field intensity reconstructions. For the last millennia, these reconstructions are mostly based on archeomagnetic data. However, the quality of the intensity data available in the databases is very variable, and the high scatter observed in the records clearly suggests that some of them might not be reliable. In this work we investigate how the geomagnetic field intensity reconstructions and, hence, our present knowledge of the geomagnetic field in the past, are affected by the quality of the data selected for modeling the Earth’s magnetic field. For this purpose we rank the European archeointensity data in four quality categories following widely accepted paleomagnetic criteria based on the methodology used during the laboratory treatment of the samples and on the number of specimens retained to calculate the mean intensities. Four geomagnetic field regional models have been implemented by applying the revised spherical cap harmonic analysis to these four groups of input data. Geomagnetic field models strongly depend on the used data set. The model built using all the available data (without any preselection) appears to be the less accurate, indicating some internal inconsistencies of the data set. In addition, some features of this model are clearly dominated by the less reliable archeointensity data, suggesting that such features might not reflect real variations of the past geomagnetic field. On the contrary, the regional model built on selected high-quality intensity data shows a very consistent intensity pattern at the European scale, confirming that the main intensity changes observed in Europe in the recent history of the geomagnetic field occurred at the continental scale.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 2515–2530

Beschreibung: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: open

Schlagwort(e): Geomagnetism ; Paleomagnetism ; Archeomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.05. Main geomagnetic field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Ultra-thick Triassic dolomites control the rupture behavior of the central Apennine seismicity: Evidence from magnetic modeling of the L’Aquila fault zone (2014)

Speranza, F. ; Minelli, L.

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: High-resolution tomography from the 2009 L’Aquila extensional seismic sequence has shown that the Mw 6.1 main shock and most of the aftershocks occurred within a high velocity body (6.6≤Vp≤6.8 Km/s), located between depths of 3 and 12 km. The nature of the high Vp-body has remained speculative, although exhumed mafic deep crustal and upper mantle rocks (serpentinites) have been favoured. We used 3D magnetic anomaly modelling to investigate the plausibility of these favoured sources for the L’Aquila body. The modelling does not support the presence of high-velocity serpentinites with a 30-50% serpentinization degree and gabbros. Accordingly, we conclude that the high Vp-body may represent non-magnetic upper Triassic and possibly lower Liassic dolomites that have been drilled in neighbouring wells for 2-4 km. This conclusion is also consistent with the lack of a coherent gravity anomaly for the body. We speculate that ultra-thick Triassic dolomites reaching a thickness of 8 km may have been deposited in syntectonic wedges formed at the northern margin of the Ionian Sea, where oceanic spreading occurred in mid-late Triassic times.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 6756–6770

Beschreibung: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): L’Aquila earthquake ; seismic tomography ; magnetic anomalies ; magnetic modelling ; dolomites; ; Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Real-time measurements of the concentration and isotope composition of atmospheric and volcanic CO2 at Mount Etna (Italy) (2014)

Rizzo, A. L. ; Jost, H. ; Caracausi, A. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24

Beschreibung: We present unprecedented data of real-time measurements of the concentration and isotope composition of CO2 in air and in fumarole-plume gases collected in 2013 during two campaigns at Mount Etna volcano, which were made using a laser-based isotope ratio infrared spectrometer. We performed approximately 360 measurements/h, which allowed calculation of the δ13C values of volcanic CO2. The fumarole gases of Torre del Filosofo (2900mabove sea level) range from 3.24 ± 0.06‰to 3.71 ± 0.09‰, comparable to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) measurements of discrete samples collected on the same dates. Plume gases sampled more than 1 km from the craters show a δ13C= 2.2 ± 0.4‰, in agreement with the crater fumarole gases analyzed by IRMS. Measurements performed along ~17km driving track from Catania to Mount Etna show more negative δ13C values when passing through populated centers due to anthropogenic-derived CO2 inputs (e.g., car exhaust). The reported results demonstrate that this technique may represent an important advancement for volcanic and environmental monitoring.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 2382–2389

Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Real-time data of CO2 content and δ13C in atmospheric/volcanic gases ; This study opens new perspective for the community for volcanic surveillance ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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The failed eruption of Mt. Etna in December 2005: evidence from volcanic tremor analyses (2014)

Falsaperla, S. ; Barberi, G. ; Cocina, O.

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: Strong changes in seismic radiation, comparable to those preceding and/or accompanying eruptive activity in recent years, were recorded at Mt. Etna volcano, Italy, from November 2005 to January 2006. The amplitude of volcanic tremor peaked in mid-December 2005 after a continuous, slow increase from August 2005 onwards, during which neither effusive nor paroxysmal activity was observed by volcanologists and alpine guides. During this time span, the centroid locations of volcanic tremor moved towards the surface, more and more clustered below the summit craters. The application of pattern classification analysis based on Self-Organizing Maps and fuzzy clustering to volcanic tremor data highlighted variations in the frequency domain as well. These changes were temporally associated with ground deformation variations, as indicative of a mild inflation of the summit of the volcano, and with a conspicuous increase in the SO2 plume-flux emission. Overall, we interpret this evidence as the result of recharging of the volcanic feeder at depth (〉 3 km below sea level) during which magma did not reach the shallow plumbing system.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 4989–5005

Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: embargoed_20140606

Schlagwort(e): time series analysis ; volcano seismology ; volcano monitoring ; neural network and fuzzy logic ; seismic tomography ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Probabilistic modeling of future volcanic eruptions at Mount Etna (2014)

Cappello, A. ; Bilotta, G. ; Neri, M. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: The statistical analysis of volcanic activity at Mt Etna was conducted with the twofold aim of (1) constructing a probability map for vent opening of future flank eruptions and (2) forecasting the expected number of eruptive events at the summit craters. The spatiotemporal map of new vent opening at Etna volcano is based on the analysis of spatial locations and frequency of flank eruptions starting from 1610. Thanks to the completeness and accuracy of historical data over the last four centuries, we examined in detail the spatial and temporal distribution of flank eruptions showing that effusive events follow a nonhomogenous Poisson process with space-time varying intensities. After demonstrating the spatial nonhomogeneity and the temporal nonstationarity of flank eruptions at Etna, we calculated the recurrence rates (events expected per unit area per unit time) and produced different spatiotemporal probability maps of new vent opening in the next 1, 10 and 50 years. These probabilistic maps have an immediate use in evaluating the future timing and areas of Etna prone to volcanic hazards. Finally, the results of the analysis of the persistent summit activity during the last 110 years indicate that the hazard rate for eruptive events is not constant with time, differs for each summit crater of Mt Etna, highlighting a general increase in the eruptive frequency starting from the middle of last century and particularly from 1971, when the SE crater was formed.

Beschreibung: This work was developed in the frame of the TecnoLab, the Laboratory for the Technological Advance in Volcano Geophysics organized by INGV-CT, DIEES-UNICT, and DMI-UNICT.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1925-1935

Beschreibung: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici

Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi

Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi

Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente

Beschreibung: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico e sistemi informatici

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Etna ; probabilistic modeling ; eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.02. Cellular automata, fuzzy logic, genetic alghoritms, neural networks ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Ocean, sea-ice, atmosphere oscillations in the Southern Ocean as simulated by the SINTEX coupled model (2014)

Carril, A. F. ; Navarra, A. ; Masina, S.

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: 1This study evaluates the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) as simulated by the SINTEX coupled model. We found evidence that sea-ice treatment plays a crucial role on simulating the ACW. In particular, SST anomalies at interannual time scales describe a propagating ACW-like pattern when a dynamic thermodynamic sea-ice model is coupled with the ocean, but when sea-ice is relaxed to climatology, anomalies occur as zonally symmetric patterns that do not propagate in longitude. Moreover, from the experiment with an active sea-ice component we saw that ACW-like oscillations are strongly modulated by low frequency variability. Our result adds some extra confidence to previous studies based on relatively short series of observed data.

Beschreibung: This research was supported by the PREDICATE EU project (EVK2 – CT-1999 – 0020,). First author was supported by the PRISM EU project (EVR1 – CT-2001 – 40012).

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 4A. Clima e Oceani

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Antarctic Circumpolar Wave ; General Circulation Models ; air-ice-sea interactions ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.01. Atmosphere/sea ice/ocean interaction

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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An analysis of tropical instability waves in a numerical model of the Pacific Ocean - 2. Generation and energetics of the waves (2014)

Masina, S. ; Philander, S. G. H. ; Bush, A. B. G.

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: The instability processes which generate unstable waves with chara- cteristics similar to observed tropical instability waves in the Pacific Ocean are examined through a local energy analysis based on deviations from the time mean flow. Numerical experiments indicate that the waves develop preferentially in the eastern Pacific along the northern temperature front and have a westward phase speed and a structure with two peaks in amplitude: one located on the equator and the other a few degrees north of it. The energy analysis shows that the "two-peak" structure of the eastern waves is explained by two different instability processes which occur at different latitudes. In the time mean sense the region north of the equator is baroclinically unstable, while barotropic instability prevails at the equator. The life cycle of the waves is revealed by the time evolution of the energetics. Baroclinic instability is the dominant triggering mechanism which induces growth of the waves along the northern temperature front. The eddy pressure fluxes radiate energy south of the equator where the rneridional shear between the Equatorial Undercurrent and the South Equatorial Current becomes barotropically unstable. From the numerical simulations, there is evidence of a second unstable region in the central Pacific south of the equator where the instabilities have a lower phase speed. The energy analysis also shows that these waves grow from both barotropic and baroclinic conversions.

Beschreibung: This work was supported by the Department of Com- merce/NOAA under grant NA56GP0026. One of the au- thors (SM) was partially supported by a NASA Global Change Fellowship NGT-30288. Another author (AB) was supported by a UCAR Postdoctoral Fellowship

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 29637-29661

Beschreibung: 4A. Clima e Oceani

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Ocean modeling ; Equatorial Ocean ; Tropical Instability Waves ; Ocean wave generation ; Ocean wave energetics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.01. Analytical and numerical modeling

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Seismo-tectonic behavior of the Pernicana Fault System (Mt Etna): A gauge for volcano flank instability? (2014)

Ruch, J. ; Pepe, S. ; Casu, F. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: Flank instability at basaltic volcanoes is often related to repeated dike intrusions along rift zones and accompanied by surface fracturing and seismicity. These processes have been mostly studied during specific events, and the lack of longer-term observations hinders their better understanding. Here we analyze ~20 years of deformation of the Pernicana Fault System (PFS), the key structure controlling the instability of the eastern flank of Mt. Etna. We exploit East-West and vertical components of mean deformation velocity, as well as corresponding time series, computed from ERS/ENVISAT (1992–2010) and COSMO-SkyMed (2009–2011) satellite radar sensors via Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry techniques. We then integrate and compare this information with field, seismic, and leveling data, collected between 1980 and 2012. We observe transient displacements accompanied by seismicity, overprinted on a long-term background eastward motion (~2 cm/yr). In the last decades, these transient events were preceded by a constant amount of accumulated strain near the PFS. The time of strain accumulation varies between a few years and a few decades, also depending on magma emplacement within the nearby North East Rift, which may increase the strain along the PFS. These results suggest that the amount of deformation near the PFS may be used as a gauge to forecast the occurrence of instability transients on the eastern flank of Etna. In this context, the PFS may provide an ideal, small-scale structure to test the relations between strain accumulation, stress loading, and seismic energy release.

Beschreibung: This work has been partially supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) within the SAR4Volcanoes project, agreement I/ 034/11/0.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 4398-4409

Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra

Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva

Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio

Beschreibung: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici

Beschreibung: 5T. Sorveglianza sismica e operatività post-terremoto

Beschreibung: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici

Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi

Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi

Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente

Beschreibung: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Volcano flank instability ; Pernicana fault ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Complete seismic release of tectonic strain and earthquake recurrence in the Apennines (Italy) (2014)

D'Agostino, N.

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: Here I compare estimates of tectonic strain rates from dense Global Positioning System measurements with the seismicity released in the last ~500 years in the Apennines (Italy). The rates of seismic moment accumulation from geodesy and of historical seismic release by earthquakes agree within the uncertainties, ruling out significant aseismic deformation. Within the considered 400 km long section of the Apennines, this balance yields an average recurrence interval of 30–75 years for MW≥6.5 events without requiring a future earthquake larger than those observed historically (MW~7). A minimum estimate of unreleased strain allows MW≥6.5 and MW≥6.9 events to be released in ~35% and ~10% of the central-southern Apennines, respectively. The definition of the seismic potential for smaller events is more uncertain, and their occurrence remains a significant threat throughout the Apennines.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1155–1162

Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Crustal deformation ; Earthquakes ; GPS ; Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Long-term stress-strain analysis of volcano flank instability: The eastern sector of Etna from 1980 to 2012 (2014)

Alparone, S. ; Bonaccorso, A. ; Bonforte, A. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: We investigated the evolution of seismicity and deformation in the unstable eastern flank of Etna volcano over a 30 year period (from 1980 to 2012). A significant temporal correlation has been revealed between periods of flank acceleration and intensified seismic activity by comparing seismicity along the northern border (Pernicana fault system) of the sliding flank and the deformation of the eastern flank. Two marked phases have been observed in 1984-1986 and in the years following 2002. These two phases are separated by an intermediate phase from 1987 to 2001, in which the flank sliding slowed down and the seismicity dropped drastically. This common temporal evolution in the deformation rate and seismic release supports the hypothesis that the seismicity in the northern border can be viewed as a marker of the response to accommodate the stress exerted by the traction of the eastern flank sliding. This interplay has also been corroborated by finite element method numerical computations that highlight a good correlation between the seismicity pattern and areas of positive stress changes induced by the sliding surface. The two intense phases of flank acceleration are representative of two main different sources: volcano flank instability stretching the eastern sector in the first 1984-1986 phase and magmatic intrusions pushing the eastern flank seaward since the 2002-2003 eruption. Establishing the relationship between flank acceleration and seismic activation therefore contributes to understanding Etna's mechanical behavior and provides insights into the processes regulating the unstable flank response.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 5098-5108

Beschreibung: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Pernicana ; fault ; volcano-tectonics ; flank instability ; seismicity and deformation ; stress and strain ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Magma flow between summit and Pu‘u ‘O‘o at Kılauea Volcano, Hawai‘i (2014)

Montagna, C. P. ; Gonnermann, H. M.

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: Volcanic eruptions are often accompanied by spatiotemporal migration of ground deformation, a consequence of pressure changes within magma reservoirs and pathways. We modeled the propagation of pressure variations through the east rift zone (ERZ) of K" ılauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, caused by magma " o-Kupaianaha withdrawal during the early eruptive episodes (1983–1985) of the ongoing Pu‘u ‘ O‘" " eruption. Eruptive activity at the Pu‘u ‘ O‘" o vent was typically accompanied by abrupt deflation that lasted for several hours and was followed by a sudden onset of gradual inflation once the eruptive episode had ended. Similar patterns of deflation and inflation were recorded at K" ılauea’s summit, approximately 15 km to the northwest, albeit with time delays of hours. These delay times can be reproduced by modeling the spatiotemporal changes in magma pressure and flow rate within an elastic-walled dike that traverses K" ılauea’s ERZ. Key parameters that affect the behavior of the magma-dike system are the dike dimensions, the elasticity of the wall rock, the magma viscosity, and to a lesser degree the magnitude and duration of the pressure variations themselves. Combinations of these parameters define a transport efficiency and a pressure diffusivity, which vary somewhat from episode to episode, resulting in variations in delay times. The observed variations in transport efficiency are most easily explained by small, localized changes to the geometry of the magma pathway

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 2232–2246

Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): magma flow ; dikes ; Kilauea ; elastic rock ; magma-rock coupling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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The coupling between very long period seismic events, volcanic tremor, and degassing rates at Mount Etna volcano (2014)

Zuccarello, L. ; Burton, M. R. ; Saccorotti, G. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: From December 2005 to January 2006, an anomalous degassing episode was observed at Mount Etna, well-correlated with an increase in volcanic tremor, and in the almost complete absence of eruptive activity. In the same period, more than 10,000 very long period (VLP) events were detected. Through moment tensor inversion analyses of the VLP pulses, we obtained quantitative estimates of the volumetric variations associated with these events. This allowed a quantitative investigation of the relationship between VLP seismic activity, volcanic tremor, and gas emission rate at Mount Etna. We found a statistically significant positive correlation between SO2 gas flux and volcanic tremor, suggesting that tremor amplitude can be used as a first-order proxy for the background degassing activity of the volcano. VLP volumetric changes and SO2 gas flux are correlated only for the last part of our observations, following a slight change in the VLP source depth. We calculate that the gas associated with VLP signal genesis contributed less than 5% of the total gas emission. The existence of a linear correlation between VLP and degassing activities indicates a general relationship between these two processes. The effectiveness of such coupling appears to depend upon the particular location of the VLP source, suggesting that conduit geometry might play a significant role in the VLP-generating process. These results are the first report on Mount Etna of a quantitative relationship between the amounts of gas emissions directly estimated through instrumental flux measurements and the quantities of gas mass inferred in the VLP source inversion.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 4910-4921

Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Very Long Period seismicity ; UV scanners network ; Etna Volcano ; volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Interaction between magma intrusion and flank dynamics at Mt. Etna in 2008, imaged by integrated dense GPS and DInSAR data (2014)

Bonforte, A. ; Guglielmino, F. ; Puglisi, G.

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: Global positioning system (GPS) and differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) data, collected from July 2007 to July 2008 on Mt. Etna, are analyzed to define the dynamics preceding and accompanying the onset of the eruption on 13 May 2008. Short- and long-term comparisons have been made on both GPS and radar data, covering similar time windows. Thanks to the availability of three GPS surveys the year before the eruption onset, an increase in the seaward movement of the NE flank of the volcano has been detected in the few months before the dike intrusion. The GPS ground deformation pattern also shows a slight inflation centered on the western side of the volcano in the preeruptive long-term comparison (from July 2007 to May 2008). The GPS has been integrated with DInSAR data by the SISTEM approach, to take advantage of the different methodologies and provide high spatial sampling of the 3-D ground displacement pattern. We inverted the SISTEM results to model the pressure source causing the observed preeruptive inflation. The subsequent emplacement of the eruptive dike was imaged by two GPS surveys carried out on a dense network over the uppermost part of the volcano on 6 and 13 May, i.e., a few days before and a few hours after the beginning of the eruption. We inverted this comparison to define the position, geometry, and kinematics of the dike. The dike intrusion was also imaged by DInSAR data with temporal baselines of 2-3 months, which confirm strong displacements localized on the summit area, rapidly decreasing toward the middle flanks of the volcano, as detected by very short-term GPS data; furthermore, the comparison between DInSAR and GPS data highlighted the presence of a depressurizing source localized beneath the upper southwestern area, acting just after the dike intrusion. Finally, the long-period (1 year) GPS and DInSAR data were integrated by SISTEM to finely depict the 3-D ground deformation pattern with the highest spatial resolution. The long-period data allowed the complex kinematics of the volcano to be finely imaged and highlighting the interaction between flank dynamics and magma injection.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 2818-2835

Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): flank dynamics ; eruption ; volcano-tectonics ; GPS ; DInSAR ; data integration ; Etna ; deformation ; volcano ; fault ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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New data from borehole strainmeters to infer lava fountain sources (Etna 2011-2012) (2014)

Bonaccorso, A. ; Currenti, G. ; Linde, A. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: In January 2011 eruptive activity resumed at Etna producing a new phase with frequent lava fountain episodes until April 2012. In November 2011, the first two borehole strainmeters were installed, which detected negative strain changes (~ 0.15 - 0.8 strain) during the paroxysmal events. A Finite Element Model was set up to estimate accurately the tilt and volumetric strain, taking into account the real profile of the volcano and the elastic medium heterogeneity. The numerical computations indicated an elongated depressurizing source located at 0 km b.s.l., which underwent a volume change of ~2 x 106 m3 which is the most of the magma volume erupted while a smaller remaining part is accommodated by the magma compressibility. This shallow source cannot accumulate large magma volumes and, thus, favours short term periodic eruptive events with a fairly constant balance between the refilling and the erupted magma.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 3579-3584

Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: embargoed_20150613

Schlagwort(e): Etna volcano ; lava fountain eruptions ; shallow plumbing system ; borehole strainmeters ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Interseismic coupling, seismic potential, and earthquake recurrence on the southern front of the Eastern Alps (NE Italy) (2014)

Cheloni, D. ; D'Agostino, N. ; Selvaggi, G.

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: Here we use continuous GPS observations to document the geodetic strain accumulation across the South-Eastern Alps (NE Italy). We estimate the interseismic coupling on the intracontinental collision thrust fault and discuss the seismic potential and earthquake recurrence. We invert the GPS velocities using the back slip approach to simultaneously estimate the relative angular velocity and the degree of interseismic coupling on the thrust fault that separates the Eastern Alps and the Venetian-Friulian plain. Comparison between the rigid rotation predicted motion and the shortening observed across the area indicates that the South-Eastern Alpine thrust front absorbs about 70% of the total convergence between the Adria and Eurasia plates. The coupling is computed on a north dipping fault following the continuous external seismogenic thrust front of the South-Eastern Alps. The modeled thrust fault is currently locked from the surface to a depth of ≈10 km. The transition zone between locked and creeping portions of the fault roughly corresponds with the belt of microseismicity parallel and to the north of the mountain front. The estimated moment deficit rate is 1.3 ± 0.4 × 1017 Nm/yr. The comparison between the estimated moment deficit and that released historically by the earthquakes suggests that to account for the moment deficit the following two factors or their combination should be considered: (1) a significant part of the observed interseismic coupling is released aseismically and (2) infrequent “large” events with long return period (〉 1000 years) and with magnitudes larger than the value assigned to the largest historical events (Mw≈ 6.7).

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 4448-4468

Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Eastern Alps; interseismic coupling; seismotectonics; seismic potential; recurrence time; GPS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.01. Continents ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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An active oblique-contractional belt at the transition between the Southern Apennines and Calabrian Arc: The Amendolara Ridge, Ionian Sea, Italy (2014)

Ferranti, L. ; Burrato, P. ; Pepe, F. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: High-resolution, single-channel seismic and multibeam bathymetry data collected at the Amendolara Ridge, a key submarine area marking the junction between the Apennine collision belt and the Calabrian subduction forearc, reveal active deformation in a supposedly stable crustal sector. New data, integrated with existing multichannel seismic profiles calibrated with oil-exploratory wells, show that middle to late Pleistocene sediments are deformed in growth folds above blind oblique-reverse faults that bound a regional pop-up. Data analysis indicates that ~10 to 20 km long banks that top the ~80 km long, NW-SE trending ridge are structural culminations above en echelon fault segments. Numeric modeling of bathymetry and stratigraphic markers suggests that three 45° dipping upper crustal (2–10 km) fault segments underlie the ridge, with slip rates up to ~0.5 mm/yr. Segments may be capable with M ~ 6.1–6.3 earthquakes, although an unknown fraction of aseismic slip undoubtedly contributes to deformation. The fault array that bounds the southern flank of the ridge (Amendolara Fault System) parallels a belt of Mw 〈 4.7 strike-slip and thrust earthquakes, which suggest current left-oblique reverse motion on the array. The eastern segment of the array shows apparent morphologic evidence of deformation and might be responsible for Mw ≤ 5.2 historic events. Late Pliocene-Quaternary growth of the oblique contractional belt is related to the combined effects of stalling of Adriatic slab retreat underneath the Apennines and subduction retreat of the Ionian slab underneath Calabria. Deformation localization was controlled by an inherited mechanical interface between the thick Apulian (Adriatic) platform crust and the attenuated Ionian Basin crust.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 2169–2194

Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: partially_open

Schlagwort(e): Active compression ; Growth strata modeling ; High-resolution seismic ; Multibeam bathymetry ; Jonian Sea ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Wave-guide effects in very high rate GPS record of the 6 April 2009, Mw 6.1 L'Aquila, central Italy earthquake (2014)

Avallone, A. ; Rovelli, A. ; Di Giulio, G. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: A 10 Hz sampling frequency GPS station was installed near L'Aquila a few days before the 6 April 2009 Mw 6.1 earthquake. It recorded displacement waveforms during the main shock and the largest Mw 5.4 aftershock of 7 April. The horizontal components of the main shock contain a high-amplitude (43 cm peak-to-peak) nearly harmonic (1 Hz) wave train not evident in other nearby instrumental records. The persistency of this feature during aftershocks recorded by a temporarily colocated seismological station highlights a local site effect. Traditional models based on near-surface velocity structure and topography variations fail to reproduce the size and frequency band of the observed amplified motion. The amplified wave train can be explained by a low-velocity fault zone layer below the station. This model fits the delay of the large-amplitude nearly harmonic wave train after the S wave phase and is consistent with the variation in the fault excitation efficiency between the two shocks in relation to their different source depth and location. Synthetic calculation of trapped waves in a model consisting of two quarter spaces separated by a 650 m wide low-velocity zone with 50% velocity reduction and Q value of 20 fit well the observed anomalous record. The parameters of the model fault zone layer are consistent with geological evidence of a broad damage zone adjacent to the station and a similar site response found in this crustal zone with ambient noise. Results of shallow seismic surveys and sonic logs from deep wells provide independent constraints on the host rock velocities.

Beschreibung: This work has partially benefited from the activities performed in the NERA project (Network of European Research infrastructures for earthquake risk Assessment and mitigation, 262330), funded by the European Commission FP7 program, and in the FIRB-Abruzzo project, funded by the Italian Ministery of Education, University and Research.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 490–501

Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): High-rate GPS ; Transient deformation ; L'Aquila earthquake ; fault-guided waves ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Investigation of the complex dynamics and structure of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash cloud using multispectral images and numerical simulations (2014)

Spinetti, C. ; Barsotti, S. ; Neri, A. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: We investigated the structure and evolution of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic cloud and its dispersal over Iceland and Europe integrating satellite multispectral images and numerical simulations. Data acquired by Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS)and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) have been analyzed to quantify the cloud extent and composition. The VOL-CALPUFF dispersal code was applied to reconstruct the transient and 3-D evolution of the cloud. Source parameters estimated on the base of available a posteriori volcanological data sets have been used. Quantitative comparisons between satellite retrievals and modeling results were performed for two selected instants of time during the first and third eruptive phases on a regional scale. Sensitivity of the model to initial volcanological conditions has been analyzed at continental scale. Several complex non intuitive features of cloud dynamics have been highlighted and strengths and limitations of the adopted methods identified. The main findings are: the level of quantitative agreement between satellite observations and numerical results depends on ash cloud composition (particle sizes and concentration) with better agreement for smaller particles and higher concentrations; the agreement between observations and modeling outcomes also depends on the temporal stability of volcanological conditions and the complexity of the meteorological wind field; the irregular dispersion of ash, as reconstructed from satellite data and numerical modeling, can be well explained by the different response of particle sizes to strong vertical wind-shear, and by resuspension processes acting at ground level; eruptive source conditions are the main source of uncertainty in modeling, especially during an ongoing crisis and at long-range scales.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 4729–4747

Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Volcanic ash cloud ; Satellite retrieval ; Numerical modelling ; Eyjafjallajokull ; Ash dispersal and deposition ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Vertical GPS ground motion rates in the Euro-Mediterranean region: New evidence of velocity gradients at different spatial scales along the Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary (2014)

Serpelloni, E. ; Faccenna, C. ; Spada, G. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: We use 2.5 to 14 years long position time series from 〉800 continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) stations to study vertical deformation rates in the Euro-Mediterranean region. We estimate and remove common mode errors in position time series using a principal component analysis, obtaining a significant gain in the signal-to-noise ratio of the displacements data. Following the results of a maximum likelihood estimation analysis, which gives a mean spectral index ~ 0.7, we adopt a power law + white noise stochastic model in estimating the final vertical rates and find 95% of the velocities within ±2 mm/yr, with uncertainties from filtered time series ~40% smaller than from the unfiltered ones. We highlight the presence of statistically significant velocity gradients where the stations density is higher. We find undulations of the vertical velocity field at different spatial scales both in tectonically active regions, like eastern Alps, Apennines, and eastern Mediterranean, and in regions characterized by a low or negligible tectonic activity, like central Iberia and western Alps. A correlation between smooth vertical velocities and topographic features is apparent in many sectors of the study area. Glacial isostatic adjustment and weathering processes do not completely explain the measured rates, and a combination of active tectonics and deep-seated geodynamic processes must be invoked. Excluding areas where localized processes are likely, or where subduction processes may be active, mantle dynamics is the most likely process, but regional mantle modeling is required for a better understanding.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 6003–6024

Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra

Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva

Beschreibung: 1R. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): GPS ; Geodynamics ; Mediterranean ; Vertical deformation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.01. Continents ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Deep structure and tectonics of the northern-central Apennines as seen by regional-scale tomography and 3-D located earthquakes (2014)

Carannante, S. ; Monachesi, G. ; Cattaneo, M. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: In this study we present new high-resolution, regional-scale, Vp and Vp/Vs models of the northern-central Apennines along with accurate 3-D locations of a large set of local earthquakes. The main velocity anomalies are consistent with the surface geology in the shallow layers and present evidence for fluids stored within the basement at greater depths beneath the extensional belt. The Adria and Tyrrhenian mantle are defined by positive velocity anomalies below 30 km depth, while a low-Vp, high-Vp/Vs region in between indicates the existence of a hydrated wedge. The results yield new constraints on active processes in the Apennines and more generally envisage the evolution of a postcollisional belt. Velocity anomalies and earthquakes are consistent with a complex system of delamination and sinking of the Adria continental lithosphere, with the peeling of the crust identified by intermediate-depth seismicity. Change of seismicity and structural patterns along the belt indicates that this tectonic process is diachronous and that fluids, released by sunken lithosphere, are stored within the crust, conditioning the occurrence of seismicity and the onset of extension.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 5391-5403

Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Local earthquake tomography ; tectonic of Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Eruptive processes leading to the most explosive lava fountain at Etna volcano: The 23 November 2013 episode (2014)

Bonaccorso, A. ; Calvari, S. ; Linde, A. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: The 23 November 2013 lava fountain at Etna volcano was the most explosive of the last 44 episodes that have occurred at Etna in 2011–2013. We infer the total magma volume erupted by thermal images analysis and show that it was characterized by a very high time-averaged-discharge-rate (TADR) of ~360m3 s 1, having erupted ~1.6 × 106m3 of dense-rock equivalent magma volume in just 45 min, which is more than 3 times the TADR observed during previous episodes. Two borehole dilatometers confirmed the eruption dynamics inferred from the thermal images. When compared to the other lava fountains, this episode can be considered as the explosive end-member. However, the erupted volume was still comparable to the other lava fountain events. We interpret that the 23 November explosive end-member event was caused by more primitive and gas-rich magma entering the system, as demonstrated by the exceptional height reached by the lava fountain.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 4912–4919

Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Etna eruption ; paroxysmal explosive eruption ; lava fountain ; strainmeters ; lava fountain volume ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Progression of spontaneous in-plane shear faults from sub-Rayleigh to compressional wave rupture speeds (2014)

Liu, C. ; Bizzarri, A. ; Das, S.

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: We investigate numerically the passage of spontaneous, dynamic in-plane shear ruptures from initiation to their final rupture speed, using very fine grids. By carrying out more than 120 simulations, we identify two different mechanisms controlling supershear transition. For relatively weaker faults, the rupture speed always passes smoothly and continuously through the range of speeds between the Rayleigh and shear wave speeds (the formerly considered forbidden zone of rupture speeds). This, however, occurs in a very short time, before the ruptures reach the compressional wave speed. The very short time spent in this range of speeds may explain why a jump over these speeds was seen in some earlier numerical and experimental studies and confirms that this speed range is an unstable range, as predicted analytically for steady state, singular cracks. On the other hand, for relatively stronger faults, we find that a daughter rupture is initiated by the main (mother) rupture, ahead of it. The mother rupture continues to propagate at sub-Rayleigh speed and eventually merges with the daughter rupture, whose speed jumps over the Rayleigh to shear wave speed range. We find that this daughter rupture is essentially a “pseudorupture,” in that the two sides of the fault are already separated, but the rupture has negligible slip and slip velocity. After the mother rupture merges with it, the slip, the slip velocity, and the rupture speed become dominated by those of the mother rupture. The results are independent of grid sizes and of methods used to nucleate the initial rupture.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 8331–8345

Beschreibung: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: open

Schlagwort(e): Seismic source ; Supershear ruptures ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Paleomagnetic evidence for a post-Eocene 90° CCW rotation of internal Apennine units: A linkage with Corsica-Sardinia rotation? (2014)

Caricchi, Chiara ; Cifelli, F. ; Sagnotti, L. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-10-06

Beschreibung: We report on an extensive paleomagnetic study (36 sites) of the Tuscan Nappe succession from the Northern Apennines Arc, aimed to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of the internal sector of this chain. We analyzed Eocene pelagic foreland ramp deposits (Scaglia Toscana Formation) and Oligocene–lower Miocene siliciclastic turbidites (Macigno and Falterona Formations). Paleomagnetic results show that the internal sector of the Northern Apennines underwent large counterclockwise (CCW) rotations with respect to the Adria-Africa foreland. A decrease in the rotation magnitude was observed from the southern to the northern sector of the arc (from 91 to 36°). This trend is opposite to that observed in the more external units of Northern Apennines and demonstrates that the oroclinal bending model, which has been proposed for the external units of the chain, is not appropriate to explain the evolution of the internal sector of the arc. On the basis of the observed paleomagnetic pattern, we propose a new tectonic model in which the Tuscan and Falterona-Cervarola units in the southern area were first rotated CCW along with the Corsica-Sardinia block during its lower Miocene rotational drifting and were later involved in the main phases of rotational emplacement and translation toward the outermost sector (Umbria domain), thus yielding the final curved shape of the Northern Apennines chain. Data from this study represent the first paleomagnetic evidence of the influence of the Corsica-Sardinia CCW rotation in the Apennines orogenic wedge deformation, in the general framework of the geodynamic evolution of the Central Mediterranean subduction system.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 374-392

Beschreibung: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): paleomagnetism, Apennines, Tuscany ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Explosive expansion of a slowly-decompressed magma analog:evidence of delayed bubble nucleation (2014)

Rivalta, E. ; Pascal, K. ; Phillips, G. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2019-12-05

Beschreibung: While ascending in the plumbing system of volcanoes, magma undergoes decompression at rates spanning several orders of magnitude and set by a number of factors internal and external to the volcano. Slow decompression generally results in an effusive or mildly explosive expansion of the magma, but counterexamples of sudden switches from effusive to explosive eruptive behaviour have been documented at various volcanoes worldwide. The mechanisms involved in this behavior are currently debated, in particular regarding basaltic magmas. Here, we explore the interplay between decompression rate and vesiculation vigour by decompressing a magma analog obtained by dissolving pine resin into acetone in varying proportions. Our mixtures contain solid particles and upon decompression experience the nucleation of acetone bubbles. We find mixtures high in acetone, containing smaller and fewer solid particles, experience strong supersaturation and fragment for very slow decompressions, despite having low viscosity, while mixtures low in acetone, with more and larger solid particles degas efficiently. We interpret our results in terms of delayed bubble nucleation due to a lack of efficient nucleation sites. We discuss how a similar mechanism might induce violent, explosive expansion in volatile-rich and poorly crystalline low-silica magmas, by analogy to previous inferences for rhyolitic magmas.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 3067-3084

Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: embargoed_20150613

Schlagwort(e): Magma fragmentation ; basaltic magma ; analog laboratory experiments ; slow decompression ; bubble nucleation ; explosive volcanic eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism

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Comment on “The winter anomaly in the middlelatitude F region during the solar minimum period observed by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate” by W. K. Lee, H. Kil, Y.-S. Kwak, Q. Wu, S. Cho, and J. U. Park (2014)

Mikhailov, A. ; Perrone, L.

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24

Beschreibung: Seasonal or winter anomaly in the F2 layer has been known since the beginning of regular ionospheric observations [e.g., Berkner and Wells, 1938, and references therein], and one may be sure that such a fundamental feature of this phenomenon as its height extent has been analyzed. However, Lee et al. [2011] using radio occultation Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) Ne(h) observations have decided to reconsider this problem starting from the very beginning without any analyses of previous investigations and comparisons to earlier obtained results as if ionospheric F2 layer physics has started with them. Besides, the authors have done some incorrect statements which contradict the present theory of the ionospheric F2 layer. They claim that “The topside plasma density is greater in the summer hemisphere than in the winter hemisphere; … the electron density below the F peak at middle latitudes is also greater during summer than during winter; Therefore, the seasonal anomalous behavior is a phenomenon only near the F-peak height in the Northern Hemisphere; The question is why the seasonal behavior of the ionosphere near the F-peak height is different from the behavior below and above the F peak. ….there was no explanation for the different seasonal behaviors of electron density in the lower F region and at F-peak height”. This is the main contents and results of the paper. Let us consider what was known about winter anomaly before the paper by Lee et al. [2011].

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 7972–7978

Beschreibung: 2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosfera

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): December anomaly, ionosphere ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous

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Multidisciplinary Approach Yields Insight into Mt. Etna 2001 Eruption (2014)

Calvari, S. ; whole Scientific Staff of INGV, .

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24

Beschreibung: On July 17,2001, lava began pouring down the slopes of Mt. Etna in Sicily signaling the start of the volcano's first flank eruption in nearly 10 years. Etna typically experiences long periods of explosive and effusive activity at the summit, which lies 3350 m a.s.l., interspersed with shorter flank eruptions. During the latter, large volumes of lava can threaten local populations. The Catania Section of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) routinely monitors the volcano with an array of integrated multidisciplinary techniques. During the 2001 flank eruption, researchers obtained the deepest insight yet into the mechanisms that control this fascinating volcano. In particular, by studying ground deformation, seismicity, gravity changes, and geomagnetism, researchers were able to forecast 3 to 4 days in advance the intrusion of a new feeder dike in the upper part of the volcano and follow the propagation of dike emplacement and fissure opening, as well as estimate the volume of the intrusion. During the eruption, volcanology gas geochemistry and petrology were used to distinguish two different magmas erupting at the same time from both this new feeder dike and the summit feeding system, which has been active since January 2001. Effusion rate measurements and thermal mapping of the flow field provided insight into the maximum length the lava flow could reach from the lower vent, and researchers were able to follow the process of tube formation along this flow. The previous flank eruption on Etna occurred between 1991 and 1993, when 235 million of lava poured from within the Valle del Bove (VDB) and formed a lava flow field over 8.5 km long that threatened the town of Zafferana. Since then, eruptive activity at Etna has been restricted to the summit area. A progressive increase in the activity occurred between June 1998 and February 1999, with a succession of 21 paroxysmal episodes from the Southeast Cone (SEC). Then, on February 1999, a fire fountain episode from the SEC indicated the start of the 1999 summit eruption, which produced two lava flow fields. During 2000, there were 66 fire fountain events from the SEC accompanied by small lava flows. Lava flow emission started again from the north base of the SEC in January 2001, and on May 9,2001, small fire fountaining episodes were observed on the summit and northern flank of the SEC.This activity gradually increased in frequency and intensity before the 2001 flank eruption.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 653-656

Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi

Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Etna eruption ; volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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A method for foF2 short-term (1–24 h) forecast using both historical and real-time foF2 observations over European stations: EUROMAP model (2014)

Perrone, L. ; Mikhailov, A.

American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24

Beschreibung: A method for foF2 short-term forecast over Europe has been developed and implemented in the EUROMAP model. The input-driving parameters are 3 h ap indices (converted to ap(τ)), effective ionospheric T index, and real-time foF2 observations. The method includes local (for each station) regression storm models to describe strong negative disturbances under ap(τ)〉30 and training models to describe foF2 variations under ap(τ) ≤ 30. The derived model was tested in two regimes: descriptive when observed 3 h ap indices were used and real forecast when predicted daily Ap were used instead of 3 h ap indices—. In the case of strong negative disturbances the EUROMAP model demonstrates on average the improvement over the lnternational Reference Ionosphere STORM-time correction model (IRI(STORM)) model: 40% in winter, 24% in summer, and 39% in equinox. The average improvement over climatology is 41% in winter, 59% in summer, and 55% in equinox. In the majority of cases this difference is statistically significant. In the case of strong positive disturbances, higher-latitude stations also manifest a significant difference between the twomodels but this difference is insignificant at lower latitude stations. The substitution of 3 h ap input indices for the predicted daily Ap ones decreases the foF2 prediction accuracy in the case of negative disturbances but practically has no effect with positive disturbances. In both cases the proposed method manifests better accuracy than the IRI(STORM) model provides. The obtained results show a real opportunity to provide foF2 forecast with the (1–24 h) lead time on the basis of predicted Ap indices

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 253-270

Beschreibung: 2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosfera

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): forecast ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.03. Forecasts

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Modeling the spreading of glacial meltwater from the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas (2014)

Nakayama, Yoshihiro ; Timmermann, Ralph ; Rodehacke, C. B. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union, 41(22), pp. 7942-7949, ISSN: 00948276

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Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-16

Beschreibung: It has been suggested that an increased melting of continental ice in the Amundsen Sea (AS) and Bellingshausen Sea (BS) is a likely source of the observed freshening of Ross Sea (RS) water. To test this hypothesis, we simulate the spreading of glacial meltwater using the Finite Element Sea Ice/Ice Shelf/Ocean Model. Based on the spatial distribution of simulated passive tracers, most of the basal meltwater from AS ice shelves flows toward the RS with more than half of the melt originating from the Getz Ice Shelf. Further, the model results show that a slight increase of the basal mass loss can substantially intensify the transport of meltwater into the RS due to a strengthening of the melt-driven shelf circulation and the westward flowing coastal current. This supports the idea that the basal melting of AS and BS ice shelves is one of the main sources for the RS freshening.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Materialart: Article , isiRev

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A Mid-Holocene Shift and Millennial-Scale Variations in North Pacific Intermediate Water Oxygenation and Upper Ocean Hydrography (2014)

Lembke-Jene, Lester ; Tiedemann, Ralf ; Gong, Xun ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: EPIC3American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2014-12-15-2014-12-19Washington, D. C., USA, American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-01-05

Beschreibung: The subarctic North Pacific and its marginal seas constitute a key area in which rapid environmental changes over the past decades have been observed in instrumental records, like sea ice decreases, or alterations of nutrient inventories and oxygenation of mid-depth water masses. However, knowledge about the past climatic and oceanographic variability beyond instrumental time series in the subarctic North Pacific and its marginal seas is limited. Few temporally and spatially well-resolved high-resolution and spatially well datasets exist, with spatial and temporal coverage being insufficient to gain a detailed picture of past variations. Our proxydata-based study focuses on a collection of sediment records from the Okhotsk Sea as major source area for well ventilated North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) that cover the last ca. 12,000 years with high temporal and adequate spatial resolution. We decipher rapid changes in NPIW ventilation patterns on centennial to millennial time scales and show that the current ventilation of the mid-depth North Pacific has likely only been prevalent for the last 2 ka. We further provide evidence for a Mid-Holocene shift in mid-depth NPIW ventilation characteristics. Additionally, changes in North Atlantic Deep Water flow speed and patterns are reflected in our records of North Pacific mid-depth water mass dynamics, thus indicating a hemispheric-wide connection between the Atlantic and Pacific regions during the Holocene. Planktic oxygen isotope data suggest a high variability in the stratification of local surface water masses and the formation of sea ice, influencing the formation of new, well ventilated water masses near to our core sites. We compare the main Holocene baseline changes evidenced in our proxy reconstructions to Early Holocene and Pre-Industrial time slice results from the fully-coupled MPI-ESM (COSMOS) Earth System Model, with a focus on the Pacific Ocean to better understand NPIW and upper ocean dynamic changes.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Materialart: Conference , notRev

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Liquid water in snow (2014)

Eisen, Olaf ; Schweizer, Jürg

American Geophysical Union

In: EPIC3Workshop at the Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, EOS, Davos, Switzerland, American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17

Beschreibung: From 2-4 April 2014 about 50 researchers attended the workshop „Liquid water in snow – measurements techniques and modeling approaches“ that took place at the Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF) in Davos, Switzerland – the first one since 1982 in Innsbruck, Austria. This is the report thereof.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Materialart: Miscellaneous , notRev

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The Opening of the Arctic-Atlantic Gateway: Tectonic, Oceanographic and Climatic Dynamics - an IODP Initiative (2014)

Geissler, Wolfram ; Knies, Jochen ; Nielsen, Tove ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: EPIC3AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 2014-12-15-2014-12-19American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-03

Beschreibung: The modern polar cryosphere reflects an extreme climate state with profound temperature gradients towards high-latitudes. It developed in association with stepwise Cenozoic cooling, beginning with ephemeral glaciations and the appearance of sea ice in the late middle Eocene. The polar ocean gateways played a pivotal role in changing the polar and global climate, along with declining greenhouse gas levels. The opening of the Drake Passage finalized the oceanographic isolation of Antarctica, some 40 Ma ago. The Arctic Ocean was an isolated basin until the early Miocene when rifting and subsequent sea-floor spreading started between Greenland and Svalbard, initiating the opening of the Fram Strait / Arctic-Atlantic Gateway (AAG). Although this gateway is known to be important in Earth’s past and modern climate, little is known about its Cenozoic development. However, the opening history and AAG’s consecutive widening and deepening must have had a strong impact on circulation and water mass exchange between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic. To study the AAG’s complete history, ocean drilling at two primary sites and one alternate site located between 73°N and 78°N are proposed. These sites will provide unprecedented sedimentary records that will unveil (1) the history of shallow-water exchange between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic, and (2) the development of the AAG to a deep-water connection and its influence on the global climate system. The specific overarching goals of our proposal are to study: • the influence of distinct tectonic events in the development of the AAG and the formation of deep water passage on the North Atlantic and Arctic paleoceanography, and • the role of the AAG in the climate transition from the Paleogene greenhouse to the Neogene icehouse for the long-term (~50 Ma) climate history of the northern North Atlantic.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

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Palaeoenvironmental conditions in the Gulf of Alaska (NE Pacific) during the Mid Pleistocene Transition (2014)

Müller, Juliane ; Romero, O. ; McClymont, E. L. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: EPIC3AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2014-12-14-2014-12-19American Geophysical Union

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-09-29

Beschreibung: The Mid Pleistocene Transition (MPT) constitutes a fundamental shift in Earth's climate system from a 41 ka to a 100 ka periodicity in glacial oscillations. The exact timing and mechanism(s) that caused this change from a low- to high-amplitude glacial variability are still under debate and only recently Pena & Goldstein (2014) suggested that a disruption of the thermohaline circulation at about 900 ka BP and a subsequent change in ocean circulation might have acted as a trigger for the onset of 100 ka glacial-interglacial cycles. Most studies targeting the MPT are based on Atlantic sediment records whereas only few data sets are available from the North Pacific (see e.g. Clark et al., 2006 and McClymont et al., 2013 for reviews). IODP Expedition 341 distal deep-water site U1417 in the Gulf of Alaska (subpolar NE Pacific) now provided a continuous sediment record for reconstructing Miocene to Late Pleistocene changes in the sea surface conditions and how these relate to orbital and millennial scale climate variability. Here we present organic geochemical biomarker data covering the 1.5 Ma to 0.1 Ma time interval with special focus on the MPT. Alkenone, sterol, n-alkane and C25 highly branched isoprenoid data are used to reconstruct sea surface temperatures, primary productivity and terrigenous organic matter input (via sea ice, icebergs, meltwater discharge or aeolian transport). In addition, the diatom concentration and the species composition of the diatom assemblage deliver information on changes in palaeoproductivity and nutrient (silicate) availability. A major change in the environmental setting between 1.2 and 0.8 Ma is recorded by the biomarkers. This shift seems to be associated with a significant cooling of the surface waters in the Gulf of Alaska. Matching this shift, a significant change in the main components of the diatom community occurred between 1.2 and 0.8 Ma. References Clark, P.U., Archer, D., Pollard, D., Blum, J.D., Rial, J.A., Brovkin, V., Mix, A.C., Pisias, N.G., Roy, M., 2006. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25, (23–24), 3150-3184. McClymont, E.L., Sosdian, S.M., Rosell-Melé, A., Rosenthal, Y., 2013. Earth-Science Reviews, 123, 173-193. Pena, L.D. and Goldstein, S.L., 2014. Science, 345, 318-322.

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Climate-Ice Sheet Interactions through the Pliocene-Pleistocene: Preliminary Results from IODP Expedition 341 (Gulf of Alaska) (2014)

McClymont, E. L. ; Sanchez Montes, M.L. ; Müller, Juliane ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: EPIC3AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2014-12-14-2014-12-19American Geophysical Union

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Beschreibung: Since the Pliocene, global climate history is distinguished by the transition into a colder world, dominated by the onset and intensification of major Northern Hemisphere glaciations which have also changed in their duration and intensity. Potential drivers for these events include falling atmospheric CO2, progressive sub-glacial erosion, tectonic uplift, and associated feedbacks. At present, isolating climate as the driver of evolving continental ice volume since the Pliocene is hindered by the limited long term data sets which directly link climate changes to evidence for ice-sheet advance/retreat, erosion, and tectonic evolution over million year timescales. IODP Expedition 341 drilled a cross-margin transect in the Gulf of Alaska from ice-proximal sites on the continental shelf to distal sites in the deep Pacific. This study focuses on the distal site (Site U1417, c.4190 m water depth) which contains variable biogenic and terrigenous contributions, and evidence for deposition through pelagic, mass movement and glacial processes. Our aim is to investigate links between north-east Pacific paleoceanography and the history of the north-west Cordilleran ice sheet, neither of which are fully understood given limited data pre-dating the Last Glacial Maximum. We reconstruct SSTs during the mid-Pliocene, Plio-Pleistocene Transition (PPT) and mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT) using the UK37’ index. We consider the interaction between SSTs and primary production by examining the absolute and relative abundances of plankton biomarkers (e.g. for haptophytes, diatoms and dinoflagellates), carbon/nitrogen ratios, stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) and diatom assemblages. Links between these climatic events and the north-west Cordilleran ice-sheet advance/retreat history are initially made using shipboard stratigraphy; emerging data sets on ice-rafting from members of the Expedition 341 Scientific Party will refine these relationships.

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Arctic sea ice variability during the last deglaciation: a biomarker approach (2014)

Müller, Juliane ; Stein, Rüdiger

American Geophysical Union

In: EPIC3AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2014-12-14-2014-12-19American Geophysical Union

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Beschreibung: The last transition from full glacial to current interglacial conditions was accompanied by distinct short-term climate fluctuations caused by changes in the global ocean circulation system. Most palaeoceanographic studies focus on the documentation of the behaviour of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during the last deglaciation in response to freshwater forcing events. In this respect, the role of Arctic sea ice remained relatively unconsidered - primarily because of the difficulty of its reconstruction. Here we present new proxy data on late glacial (including the Last Glacial Maximum; LGM) and deglacial sea ice variability in the Arctic Ocean and its main gateway - the Fram Strait - and how these changes in sea ice coverage contributed to AMOC perturbations observed during Heinrich Event 1 and the Younger Dryas. Recurrent short-term advances and retreats of sea ice in Fram Strait, prior and during the LGM, are in line with a variable (or intermittent) North Atlantic heat flow along the eastern corridor of the Nordic Seas. Possibly in direct response to the initial freshwater discharge from melting continental ice-sheets, a permanent sea ice cover established only at about 19 ka BP (i.e. post-LGM) and lasted until 17.6 ka BP, when an abrupt break-up of this thick ice cover and a sudden discharge of huge amounts of sea ice and icebergs through Fram Strait coincided with the weakening of the AMOC during Heinrich Event 1. Similarly, another sea ice maximum at about 12.8 ka BP is associated with the slowdown of the AMOC during the Younger Dryas. The new data sets clearly highlight the important role of Arctic sea ice for the re-organisation of the oceanographic setting in the North Atlantic during the last deglaciation. Further studies and sensitivity experiments to identify crucial driving (and feedback) mechanisms within the High Latitude ice-ocean-atmosphere system will contribute the understanding of rapid climate changes.

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Late Pleistocene biogenic sedimentation in the Gulf of Alaska: A biogeochemical perspective from IODP Expedition 341 (2014)

Moy, C. ; Addison, J. ; Finney, B. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: EPIC3AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2014-12-14-2014-12-19American Geophysical Union

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Beschreibung: Reconstructing the timing and nature of past changes in aquatic productivity in the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) can shed light on the primary processes driving biogeochemical cycling over geologic timescales. Here, we present sedimentologic, physical property, stable isotope, and biogenic opal concentration data from IODP Expedition 341 Sites U1417 and U1419 and identify intervals where diatom ooze lithofacies and geochemical evidence for increased algal productivity are prevalent during the Pleistocene. Sites U1417 and U1419 are located in the center and the margin of the Fe-limited GoA, respectively, and they offer the potential to characterize past changes in biogeochemical cycling during different Pleistocene time intervals. Site U1419 cores were collected from a small slope basin at the edge of the continental shelf. Sediment cores reveal two prominent ~6-m-thick intervals of diatomaceous ooze. Between these intervals are numerous 20-cm-thick sections of biogenic-rich sediment, interbedded with gray mud that commonly contains lonestones. Based on preliminary age models, the two diatom ooze intervals likely correspond to the Holocene and MIS 3, while the intervening interbedded glacigenic and biogenic sediment can broadly be ascribed to MIS 2. Diatomaceous ooze and diatom-rich sediments are generally characterized by lower magnetic susceptibility, natural gamma ray, bulk density, and higher b* color reflectance. Initial C & N concentration and stable isotopic data show elevated concentrations and more positive stable isotope values during the Holocene and MIS 3, which approximate the isotopic signature of modern phytoplankton measured in the GoA. Within the glacial period, the biogenic-rich intervals are also characterized by more positive C and N isotopic values. When combined with the shipboard physical property data, the stable isotopic results are indicative of millennial-scale variations in productivity and/or changes in glacial ice extent in the GoA during the last glacial period. We will discuss these results in the context of an improved isotope stratigraphy and ongoing work examining multiple interglacial productivity variations at Site U1417.

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Three‐dimensional compressional wave attenuation tomography for the crust and uppermost mantle of Northern and central California (2014)

Lin, Guoqing

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3462-3477. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010621.

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Constraints on fluid flow processes in the Hellenic Accretionary Complex (eastern Mediterranean Sea) from numerical modeling (2014)

Kufner, S.‐K. ; Hüpers, A. ; Kopf, A. J.

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3601-3626. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010405.

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Savani : A variable resolution whole‐mantle model of anisotropic shear velocity variations based on multiple data sets (2014)

Auer, L. ; Boschi, L. ; Becker, T. W. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3006-3034. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010773.

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Numerical modeling of convective erosion and peridotite‐melt interaction in big mantle wedge: Implications for the destruction of the North China Craton (2014)

He, Lijuan

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3662-3677. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010657.

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Pn anisotropy in Mesozoic western Pacific lithosphere (2014)

Shintaku, Natsumi ; Forsyth, Donald W. ; Hajewski, Christina J. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3050-3063. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010534.

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Flow of supersonic jets across flat plates: Implications for ground‐level flow from volcanic blasts (2014)

Orescanin, Mara M. ; Prisco, David ; Austin, Joanna M. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 2976-2987. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010743.

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Sensitivity of Coulomb stress change to the parameters of the Coulomb failure model: A case study using the 2008 M w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake (2014)

Wang, Jianjun ; Xu, Caijun ; Freymueller, Jeffrey T. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3371-3392. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2012jb009860.

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Earthquake model experiments in a viscoelastic fluid: A scaling of decreasing magnitudes of earthquakes with depth (2014)

Namiki, Atsuko ; Yamaguchi, Tetsuo ; Sumita, Ikuro ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3169-3181. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2014jb011135.

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Resolving the fine‐scale density structure of shallow oceanic mantle by Bayesian inversion of localized geoid anomalies (2014)

Cadio, C. ; Korenaga, J.

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3627-3645. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010840.

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Upper mantle Q structure beneath old seafloor in the western Pacific (2014)

Booth, Catherine M. ; Forsyth, Donald W. ; Weeraratne, Dayanthie S.

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3448-3461. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010589.

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Nongeocentric axial dipole field behavior during the Mono Lake excursion (2014)

Negrini, Robert M. ; McCuan, Daniel T. ; Horton, Robert A. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 2567-2581. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010846.

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Bayesian inversion for the filtered flow at the Earth's core‐mantle boundary (2014)

Baerenzung, Julien ; Holschneider, Matthias ; Lesur, Vincent

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 2695-2720. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010358.

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Pockmark formation and evolution in deep water Nigeria: Rapid hydrate growth versus slow hydrate dissolution (2014)

Sultan, N. ; Bohrmann, G. ; Ruffine, L. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 2679-2694. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010546.

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Late Pleistocene‐Holocene right slip rate and paleoseismology of the Nayband fault, western margin of the Lut block, Iran (2014)

Foroutan, M. ; Meyer, B. ; Sébrier, M. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3517-3560. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010746.

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Earthquake ruptures modulated by waves in damaged fault zones (2014)

Huang, Yihe ; Ampuero, Jean‐Paul ; Helmberger, Don V.

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3133-3154. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010724.

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Zagros “phantom earthquakes” reassessed—The interplay of seismicity and deep salt flow in the Simply Folded Belt? (2014)

Nissen, Edwin ; Jackson, James ; Jahani, Salman ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3561-3583. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010796.

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A cascading failure during the 24 May 2013 great Okhotsk deep earthquake (2014)

Chen, Yu ; Wen, Lianxing ; Ji, Chen

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3035-3049. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010926.

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Microstructural controls on the physical and mechanical properties of edifice‐forming andesites at Volcán de Colima, Mexico (2014)

Heap, M. J. ; Lavallée, Y. ; Petrakova, L. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 2925-2963. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010521.

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Influence of atmospheric structure and topography on infrasonic wave propagation (2014)

Lacanna, G. ; Ichihara, M. ; Iwakuni, M. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 2988-3005. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010827.

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Band‐limited topographic mass distribution generates full‐spectrum gravity field: Gravity forward modeling in the spectral and spatial domains revisited (2014)

Hirt, Christian ; Kuhn, Michael

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3646-3661. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010900.

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Source parameter scaling and radiation efficiency of microearthquakes along the Irpinia fault zone in southern Apennines, Italy (2014)

Zollo, Aldo ; Orefice, Antonella ; Convertito, Vincenzo

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3256-3275. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010116.

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Interpreting subsurface volcanic structures using geologically constrained 3‐D gravity inversions: Examples of maar‐diatremes, Newer Volcanics Province, southeastern Australia (2014)

Blaikie, T. N. ; Ailleres, L. ; Betts, P. G. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3857-3878. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010751.

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A unified theory of microseisms and hum (2014)

Traer, James ; Gerstoft, Peter

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3317-3339. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010504.

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Active tectonics and earthquake potential of the Myanmar region (2014)

Wang, Yu ; Sieh, Kerry ; Tun, Soe Thura ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3767-3822. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010762.

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Stratified seismic anisotropy and the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary beneath eastern North America (2014)

Yuan, Huaiyu ; Levin, Vadim

American Geophysical Union

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2014; 119(4): 3096-3114. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013jb010785.

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Climate change: The necessary, the possible and the desirable Earth League climate statement on the implications for climate policy from the 5th IPCC Assessment (2014)

Rockström, Johan ; Brasseur, Guy ; Hoskins, Brian ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(12): 606-611. Published 2014 Dec 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000280.

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Earth's Climate Sensitivity: Apparent Inconsistencies in Recent Assessments (2014)

Schwartz, Stephen E. ; Charlson, Robert J. ; Kahn, Ralph ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(12): 601-605. Published 2014 Dec 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000273.

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From the extreme to the mean: Acceleration and tipping points of coastal inundation from sea level rise (2014)

Sweet, William V. ; Park, Joseph

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(12): 579-600. Published 2014 Dec 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000272.

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Positioning infrastructure and technologies for low‐carbon urbanization (2014)

Chester, Mikhail V. ; Sperling, Josh ; Stokes, Eleanor ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(10): 533-547. Published 2014 Oct 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000253.

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A critical knowledge pathway to low‐carbon, sustainable futures: Integrated understanding of urbanization, urban areas, and carbon (2014)

Romero‐Lankao, Patricia ; Gurney, Kevin R. ; Seto, Karen C. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(10): 515-532. Published 2014 Oct 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000258.

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Moderating diets to feed the future (2014)

Davis, Kyle F. ; D'Odorico, Paolo ; Rulli, Maria Cristina

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(10): 559-565. Published 2014 Oct 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000254.

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Too generous to a fault? Is reliable earthquake safety a lost art? Errors in expected human losses due to incorrect seismic hazard estimates (2014)

Bela, James

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(11): 569-578. Published 2014 Nov 01. doi: 10.1002/2013ef000225.

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Remote sensing of fugitive methane emissions from oil and gas production in North American tight geologic formations (2014)

Schneising, Oliver ; Burrows, John P. ; Dickerson, Russell R. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(10): 548-558. Published 2014 Oct 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000265.

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Urbanization and the carbon cycle: Contributions from social science (2014)

Marcotullio, Peter J. ; Hughes, Sara ; Sarzynski, Andrea ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(10): 496-514. Published 2014 Oct 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000257.

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BECCS capability of dedicated bioenergy crops under a future land‐use scenario targeting net negative carbon emissions (2014)

Kato, Etsushi ; Yamagata, Yoshiki

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(9): 421-439. Published 2014 Sep 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000249.

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Hello Anthropocene, Goodbye Holocene (2014)

van der Pluijm, Ben

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(10): 566-568. Published 2014 Oct 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000268.

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Introduction to special section on Urbanization, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Change (2014)

Boone, Christopher Gregory

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(10): 471-472. Published 2014 Oct 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000277.

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The future of global water stress: An integrated assessment (2014)

Schlosser, C. Adam ; Strzepek, Kenneth ; Gao, Xiang ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(8): 341-361. Published 2014 Aug 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000238.

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Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea‐level projections at a global network of tide‐gauge sites (2014)

Kopp, Robert E. ; Horton, Radley M. ; Little, Christopher M. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(8): 383-406. Published 2014 Aug 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000239.

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Urbanization and the carbon cycle: Current capabilities and research outlook from the natural sciences perspective (2014)

Hutyra, Lucy R. ; Duren, Riley ; Gurney, Kevin R. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(10): 473-495. Published 2014 Oct 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000255.

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Fault zone regulation, seismic hazard, and social vulnerability in Los Angeles , California : Hazard or urban amenity? (2014)

Toké, Nathan A. ; Boone, Christopher G. ; Arrowsmith, J. Ramón

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(9): 440-457. Published 2014 Sep 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000241.

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Measurements and analysis of air quality in Islamabad, Pakistan (2014)

Rasheed, Anjum ; Aneja, Viney P. ; Aiyyer, Anantha ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(6): 303-314. Published 2014 Jun 01. doi: 10.1002/2013ef000174.

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Sustaining ecosystem services: Overcoming the dilemma posed by local actions and planetary boundaries (2014)

Jonas, Matthias ; Ometto, Jean Pierre ; Batistella, Mateus ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(8): 407-420. Published 2014 Aug 01. doi: 10.1002/2013ef000224.

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Stratospheric ozone response to a solar irradiance reduction in a quadrupled CO 2 environment (2014)

Jackman, Charles H. ; Fleming, Eric L.

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(7): 331-340. Published 2014 Jul 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000244.

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Recent global temperature “plateau” in the context of a new proxy reconstruction (2014)

Crowley, Thomas J. ; Obrochta, Stephen P. ; Liu, Junhua

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(5): 281-294. Published 2014 May 01. doi: 10.1002/2013ef000216.

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Feeding humanity through global food trade (2014)

D'Odorico, Paolo ; Carr, Joel A. ; Laio, Francesco ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(9): 458-469. Published 2014 Sep 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000250.

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Sustainable sediment management in reservoirs and regulated rivers: Experiences from five continents (2014)

Kondolf, G. Mathias ; Gao, Yongxuan ; Annandale, George W. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(5): 256-280. Published 2014 May 01. doi: 10.1002/2013ef000184.

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The Next Generation Science Standards: A potential revolution for geoscience education (2014)

Wysession, Michael E.

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(5): 299-302. Published 2014 May 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000237.

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Accelerated flooding along the U.S. East Coast: On the impact of sea‐level rise, tides, storms, the Gulf Stream, and the North Atlantic Oscillations (2014)

Ezer, Tal ; Atkinson, Larry P.

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(8): 362-382. Published 2014 Aug 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000252.

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Incentives for methane mitigation and energy-efficiency improvements in the case of Ukraine's natural gas transmission system (2014)

Roshchanka, Volha ; Evans, Meredydd

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(6): 321-330. Published 2014 Jun 01. doi: 10.1002/2013ef000204.

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Global warming releases microplastic legacy frozen in Arctic Sea ice (2014)

Obbard, Rachel W. ; Sadri, Saeed ; Wong, Ying Qi ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(6): 315-320. Published 2014 Jun 01. doi: 10.1002/2014ef000240.

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Modeling U.S. water resources under climate change (2014)

Blanc, Elodie ; Strzepek, Kenneth ; Schlosser, Adam ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(4): 197-224. Published 2014 Apr 01. doi: 10.1002/2013ef000214.

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Climate scientists need to set the record straight: There is a scientific consensus that human-caused climate change is happening (2014)

Maibach, Edward ; Myers, Teresa ; Leiserowitz, Anthony

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(5): 295-298. Published 2014 May 01. doi: 10.1002/2013ef000226.

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Long‐run evolution of the global economy: 1. Physical basis (2014)

Garrett, Timothy J.

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(3): 127-151. Published 2014 Mar 01. doi: 10.1002/2013ef000171.

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Sea level rise and its coastal impacts (2014)

Cazenave, Anny ; Cozannet, Gonéri Le

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(2): 15-34. Published 2014 Feb 01. doi: 10.1002/2013ef000188.

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Less reliable water availability in the 21st century climate projections (2014)

Kumar, Sanjiv ; Lawrence, David M. ; Dirmeyer, Paul A. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(3): 152-160. Published 2014 Mar 01. doi: 10.1002/2013ef000159.

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Reduced emissions of CO2, NOx, and SO2from U.S. power plants owing to switch from coal to natural gas with combined cycle technology (2014)

de Gouw, J. A. ; Parrish, D. D. ; Frost, G. J. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(2): 75-82. Published 2014 Feb 01. doi: 10.1002/2013ef000196.

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Future Arctic climate changes: Adaptation and mitigation time scales (2014)

Overland, James E. ; Wang, Muyin ; Walsh, John E. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(2): 68-74. Published 2014 Feb 01. doi: 10.1002/2013ef000162.

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Observational- and model-based trends and projections of extreme precipitation over the contiguous United States (2014)

Janssen, Emily ; Wuebbles, Donald J. ; Kunkel, Kenneth E. ; [weitere]

American Geophysical Union

In: Earth's Future. 2014; 2(2): 99-113. Published 2014 Feb 01. doi: 10.1002/2013ef000185.

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