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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: Human population growth and accelerating coastal development have been the drivers for unprecedented construction of artificial structures along shorelines globally. Construction has been recently amplified by societal responses to reduce flood and erosion risks from rising sea levels and more extreme storms resulting from climate change. Such structures, leading to highly modified shorelines, deliver societal benefits, but they also create significant socioeconomic and environmental challenges. The planning, design and deployment of these coastal structures should aim to provide multiple goals through the application of ecoengineering to shoreline development. Such developments should be designed and built with the overarching objective of reducing negative impacts on nature, using hard, soft and hybrid ecological engineering approaches. The design of ecologically sensitive shorelines should be context-dependent and combine engineering, environmental and socioeconomic considerations. The costs and benefits of ecoengineered shoreline design options should be considered across all three of these disciplinary domains when setting objectives, informing plans for their subsequent maintenance and management and ultimately monitoring and evaluating their success. To date, successful ecoengineered shoreline projects have engaged with multiple stakeholders (e.g. architects, engineers, ecologists, coastal/port managers and the general public) during their conception and construction, but few have evaluated engineering, ecological and socioeconomic outcomes in a comprehensive manner. Increasing global awareness of climate change impacts (increased frequency or magnitude of extreme weather events and sea level rise), coupled with future predictions for coastal development (due to population growth leading to urban development and renewal, land reclamation and establishment of renewable energy infrastructure in the sea) will increase the demand for adaptive techniques to protect coastlines. In this review, we present an overview of current ecoengineered shoreline design options, the drivers and constraints that influence implementation and factors to consider when evaluating the success of such ecologically engineered shorelines.
    Keywords: design ; implementation ; ecologically engineered shorelines ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Description: Zooplankton (amphipod and copepod) were collected using nets in the Fram Strait and the Arctic, in July 2018 and August 2019 for microplastic analysis. Water samples were also collected from the underway system and CTD alongside the August 2019 zooplankton samples (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.950239). All samples were initially digested using a homogenising solution and then filtered in preparation for Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis in combination with an automated polymer identification approach (SIMPLE software) to identify polymer types, shape and size. Microplastics were also visualised using a microscope to further determine shape and size, particularly of fibres. Data collected on the microplastics found includes polymer type, shape, size, species ingestion and location.
    Keywords: Amphipoda; Arctic; Bioavailability; BONGO; Bongo net; copepod; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; Event label; Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in combination with automated polymer identification [SIMPLE software]; FRAM; Fram Strait; FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring; FTIR SIMPLE software; James Clark Ross; JR18007; JR18007_11; JR18007_130; JR18007_57; JR18007_97; LATITUDE; Length, maximal; Light frame on-sight keyspecies investigation; LOKI; LONGITUDE; marine litter; microplastic ingestion; Microplastics; MSN; MSN150; Multiple opening/closing net; Multiple opening/closing net, 150 µm meshsize; Number of individuals; PARCA; Particle camera; Plastic pollution; Polarstern; Polymer; PS114; PS114_4-1; PS114_4-2; PS114_4-5; PS114_4-6; PS114_46-7; PS114_46-8; PS114_4-7; PS114_4-8; PS114_4-9; PS114_9-3; PS114_9-4; PS114_9-5; Quality level; Sample ID; Size fraction; Species; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 704 data points
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Description: This dataset presents microplastics in water samples collected from the underway system and CTD alongside the August 2019 zooplankton samples presented in https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.950296. These samples were initially digested using a homogenising solution and then filtered in preparation for Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis in combination with an automated polymer identification approach (SIMPLE software) to identify polymer types, shape and size. Microplastics were also visualised using a microscope to further determine shape and size, particularly of fibres. Data collected on the microplastics found includes; polymer type, shape, size, species ingestion and location.
    Keywords: Amphipoda; Arctic; Bioavailability; BONGO; Bongo net; copepod; DEPTH, water; Event label; Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in combination with automated polymer identification [SIMPLE software]; FRAM; Fram Strait; FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring; FTIR SIMPLE software; James Clark Ross; JR18007; JR18007_11; JR18007_57; JR18007_60; JR18007_75; JR18007_97; LATITUDE; Length, maximal; LONGITUDE; marine litter; microplastic ingestion; Microplastics; MSN150; Multiple opening/closing net, 150 µm meshsize; Plastic pollution; Polymer; Quality level; Size fraction; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 368 data points
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-03-23
    Description: Within the past decade, an alarm was raised about microplastics in the remote and seemingly pristine Arctic Ocean. To gain further insight about the issue, microplastic abundance, distribution and composition in sea ice cores (n = 25) and waters underlying ice floes (n = 22) were assessed in the Arctic Central Basin (ACB). Potential microplastics were visually isolated and subsequently analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. Microplastic abundance in surface waters underlying ice floes (0–18 particles m−3) were orders of magnitude lower than microplastic concentrations in sea ice cores (2–17 particles L−1). No consistent pattern was apparent in the vertical distribution of microplastics within sea ice cores. Backward drift trajectories estimated that cores possibly originated from the Siberian shelves, western Arctic and central Arctic. Knowledge about microplastics in environmental compartments of the Arctic Ocean is important in assessing the potential threats posed by microplastics to polar organisms.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-03-08
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Landrigan, P., Raps, H., Symeonides, C., Chiles, T., Cropper, M., Enck, J., Hahn, M., Hixson, R., Kumar, P., Mustapha, A., Park, Y., Spring, M., Stegeman, J., Thompson, R., Wang, Z., Wolff, M., Yousuf, A., & Dunlop, S. Announcing the Minderoo – Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health. Annals of Global Health, 88(1), (2022): 73, https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3916.
    Description: Plastic is the signature material of our age. In the 75 years since large-scale production began in the aftermath of World War II, plastic has transformed our world, supported many of the most significant advances of modern civilization, and enabled breakthroughs in virtually every field of human endeavor. But plastic also poses great and growing dangers to human health and the environment, harms that fall disproportionately on the world’s poorest and most vulnerable populations. The extent and magnitude of these dangers are only beginning to be understood.
    Description: The funding is from the Minderoo Foundation, the Centre Scientifique de Monaco, and the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation.
    Keywords: Plastic pollution ; Human health ; Environmental health ; Ocean health ; Plastic life cycle ; Microplastics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 6
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    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Science of The Total Environment, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, pp. 154886-154886, ISSN: 0048-9697
    Publication Date: 2022-11-28
    Description: Some of the highest microplastic concentrations in marine environments have been reported from the Fram Strait in the Arctic. This region supports a diverse ecosystem dependent on high concentrations of zooplankton at the base of the food web. Zooplankton samples were collected during research cruises using Bongo and MOCNESS nets in the boreal summers of 2018 and 2019. Using FTIR scanning spectroscopy in combination with an automated polymer identification approach, we show that all five species of Arctic zooplankton investigated had ingested microplastics. Amphipod species, found in surface waters or closely associated with sea ice, had ingested significantly more microplastic per individual (Themisto libellula: 1.8, Themisto abyssorrum: 1, Apherusa glacialis: 1) than copepod species (Calanus hyperboreus: 0.21, Calanus glacialis/finmarchicus: 0.01). The majority of microplastics ingested were below 50 μm in size, all were fragments and several different polymer types were present. We quantified microplastics in water samples collected at six of the same stations as the Calanus using an underway sampling system (inlet at 6.5 m water depth). Fragments of several polymer types and anthropogenic cellulosic fibres were present, with an average concentration of 7 microplastic particles (MP) L−1 (0–18.5 MP L−1). In comparison to the water samples, those microplastics found ingested by zooplankton were significantly smaller, highlighting that the smaller-sized microplastics were being selected for by the zooplankton. High levels of microplastic ingestion in zooplankton have been associated with negative effects on growth, development, and fecundity. As Arctic zooplankton only have a short window of biological productivity, any negative effect could have broad consequences. As global plastic consumption continues to increase and climate change continues to reduce sea ice cover, releasing ice-bound microplastics and leaving ice free areas open to exploitation, the Arctic could be exposed to further plastic pollution which could place additional strain on this fragile ecosystem.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2016. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology 97 (2016): 302–312, doi: 10.1890/14-2070.1.
    Description: Anthropogenic debris contaminates marine habitats globally, leading to several perceived ecological impacts. Here, we critically and systematically review the literature regarding impacts of debris from several scientific fields to understand the weight of evidence regarding the ecological impacts of marine debris. We quantified perceived and demonstrated impacts across several levels of biological organization that make up the ecosystem and found 366 perceived threats of debris across all levels. Two hundred and ninety-six of these perceived threats were tested, 83% of which were demonstrated. The majority (82%) of demonstrated impacts were due to plastic, relative to other materials (e.g., metals, glass) and largely (89%) at suborganismal levels (e.g., molecular, cellular, tissue). The remaining impacts, demonstrated at higher levels of organization (i.e., death to individual organisms, changes in assemblages), were largely due to plastic marine debris (〉1 mm; e.g., rope, straws, and fragments). Thus, we show evidence of ecological impacts from marine debris, but conclude that the quantity and quality of research requires improvement to allow the risk of ecological impacts of marine debris to be determined with precision. Still, our systematic review suggests that sufficient evidence exists for decision makers to begin to mitigate problematic plastic debris now, to avoid risk of irreversible harm.
    Description: With support from Ocean Conservancy
    Keywords: Assemblage ; Biological organization ; Ecology ; Plastic debris ; Population ; Systematic review
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-10-21
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , notRev
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 24 (1985), S. 3542-3547 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 25 (1986), S. 184-188 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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