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  • AERODYNAMICS  (5,078)
  • Witterung
  • Animals
  • 1985-1989  (4,906)
  • 1975-1979  (2,851)
  • 1925-1929  (28)
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Years
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysis ; Rostral pars distalis ; Mugil platanus ; Animals ; Prolactin hormone secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rostral pars distalis (RPD) of the teleost Mugil platanus from animals pretreated with reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HODA) were assayed for dopamine (DA) or noradrenaline (NA) or for prolactin hormone. Such determinations were coupled with electron microscopy. It was found that reserpine and 6-HODA produced a significant decrease in the content of DA, NA, and prolactin. Electron microscope studies revealed that prolactin cells became activated as judged by ultrastructural criteria. After 6-HODA treatment type “B” neurosecretory fibers entering the RPD became selectively destroyed. These observations lead us to suggest that prolactin secretion is under inhibitory control by type “B” neurosecretory fibers of adrenergic nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
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    In:  Landwirtschaftl. Jahrbuch 64:241-296
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Zusammenhang zwischen Niederschlag, Temperatur und Erträgen. Untersucht wurden Winterweizen, Winterroggen, Sommergerste, Sommerroggen, Kartoffeln, Futterpflanzen und Wiesen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterungsfaktoren Niederschlag und Temperatur auf die Ernteerträge KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied +, dann Erträge (Halmfrüchte und Kartoffeln) + und später -; Delta T -, dann Erträge +,
    Keywords: Deutsches Reich (östl. u. westl. Provinzen, Hannover, Sachsen, Rheinland) ; 1899-1913 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Abhängigkeit der Getreideerträge von Witterungseinflüssen mithilfe der Korrelationsmethode in 11 orographisch abgegrenzen Gebieten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Korrelation zwischen der Abweichung vom 11, bzw. 30jährigen monatlichen Mittel (April-Juli) der Niederschläge und dem Ertrag von Getreidearten (Weizen, Dinkel, Roggen, Gerste, Hafer) KATASTER-DETAIL: Nied 〉 (11, bzw. 30jährigen monatlichen Mittel von 1888-1898 und 1888-1917 im Monat Mai, je nach Region 55-158mm), dann höchste Übereinstimmung der Korrelationskoeffienten für die Ertragszunahme über alle Kulturen
    Keywords: Baden ; 1888-1898 und 1888-1917 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung
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  • 4
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    In:  Vereinigten Friedrichs-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle.
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Ertragsrelevante Korrelationen bei Winterweizen und -gerste mit der Temperatur, bei allen übrigen Kulturen war Niederschlag entscheidend KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Saalkreis, Kreis Bitterfeld, Kreis Delitzsch, Kreis Wittenberg, südl. Teil Kreis Köthen ; 1900-26 ; Kartoffeln ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Ergebnisse (Rangordungs- und Korrelationsmethode) der Beziehung zwischen Witterung und Ertrag vieler Kulturen eingeteilt nach Monaten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Temperatur und des Niederschlags auf den Ertrag folgender Kulturpflanzen: Winterweizen, Winterroggen, Dinkel, Sommerweizen, Sommerroggen, Sommergerste, Hafer, Hopfen, Luzerne, Rotklee, Wiesen, Kartoffeln) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Vegetationszeit) -, dann Ertrag (Winter- und Sommergetreide) +; Delta T (Winter, Juni und Juli) -, dann Ertrag (Sommergetreide) +; Delta Nied (Winter) +, dann Ertrag (Getreide) -; Delta T (September) - und Delta Nied (Vegetationszeit) +, dann Ertrag (Futterpflanzen) +; Details für einzelne Kulturpflanzen: siehe Artikel
    Keywords: Württemberg ; 1899-1913 ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung
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  • 6
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    In:  Informationen der Hauptstelle für Forstlichen Pflanzenschutz; Nr. 5
    Publication Date: 1976
    Description: Beschreibung der auf die Dürre- und Hitzeperiode folgenden Schäden durch nadel- und blattfressende Insekten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf die Schädlingspopulationen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied -- und Delta T +, dann Abwehrkraft (Kiefern) - und somit Raupenmortalität -; Delta T (April/Mai) -, dann Zeitpunkt Falterflug - (später); Delta Nied - und Delta T +, dann Buchenrindensterben +;
    Keywords: DDR ; 1975-1976 ; Insekten ; Luftfeuchte ; Buche ; Fichte ; Forst ; Kiefer ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wassermangel ; Witterung ; Witterungsextreme
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  • 7
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    In:  Information der Hauptstelle für Forstlichen Pflanzenschatz; Nr. 3
    Publication Date: 1976
    Description: Informationen zum Gradationsverlauf der Forleule und ihrer Begleitarten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf die Schädlingspopulation KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Winter) + und Delta Nied -, dann Vermehrung (Forleule) ++; Delta T (Frühjahr und Sommer) --, dann Population -; Delta T (März, April) - und Delta Nied (März, April) +, dann Population (Forleule) -;
    Keywords: DDR ; 1972-1976 ; Insekten ; Forst ; Kiefer ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Witterung
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  • 8
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    In:  Informationen der Hauptstelle für Forstlichen Pflanzenschutz; Nr. 1
    Publication Date: 1976
    Description: Beschreibung des Befalls von Kiefernschädlingen und der Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Folgeschäden in sturmgeschädigten Kiefernbeständen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung auf die Entwicklung von Kiefernschädlingen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Winter) +, dann Entwicklung (rindenbrütende Insekten) +; Delta T (April bis August) und Delta Nied --, dann Entwicklung (rindenbrütende Insekten) +; Delta Wind (=Sturm) +, dann Entwicklung (rindenbrütende Insekten) +;
    Keywords: DDR ; 1976 ; Forst ; Kiefer ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Sturmschaden ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung
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  • 9
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    In:  Informationen der Hauptstelle für Forstlichen Pflanzenschutz; Nr. 3
    Publication Date: 1977
    Description: Beschreibungen der durchgeführten Maßnahmen zum Forstschutz, der gegenwärtigen Situation (von u.a. Kiefernspanner, Forleule, Nonne, Kiefernspinner, Gemeine und Gelbe Kiefernbuschhornblattwespe) und Maßnahmen zur Kontrolle und Überwachung von Schädlingen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf die Schädlingspopulation KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T - und Delta Nied -, dann Entwicklung (Schadinsekten) -; Delta T +: T 〉 20 °C, dann Eiablage (Blauer Kiefernprachtkäfer) bis Ende September
    Keywords: DDR ; 1977 ; Insekten ; Fichte ; Forst ; Kiefer ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Witterung
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Einfluss der Witterung ist Gattungs- teils sortenabhängig, und wechselt mit der Lage der Orte. Trockenheit im Vorjahr begünstigt die Ernteerträge, KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Trockenheit im Vorjahr begünstigt verbunden mit hoher Temperatur, geringer Luftfeuchtigkeit und langer Sönnenscheindauer, mit niedriger Temperatur, hoher Luftfeuchte, kurzer Sonnenscheindauer im Erntejahr, wirkt positiv auf die Ernteerträge für bestimmte Apfel - und Birnensorten, umgekehrte Beziehung insbesondere bei Früh-, Herbst- und Winterbirnensorten KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Niedersachsen ; 1900-1923 ; Apfel ; Ertrag ; Trockenheit ; Witterung ; Obst ; Birne
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: vgl. Neustädt KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang Witterungsfaktoren in wachstumsrelevanten Zeitspannen mit dem Ertrag verschiedener Kulturen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Oktober bis März) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Januar) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) ++; Delta Nied (Februar) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Mai) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Mai) 〉 1,5x Mittel, dann Erträge -; Delta Sonn (Mai, im Bezirk Köthen) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) -; Delta Nied (Januar, März, April) -, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Februar, Mai bis Ernte) +, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Mai) +, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) ++; (Informationen zu den weiteren landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzen: siehe Artikel)
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1900-1926 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Einfluß der Witterung auf die Qualität von Weizen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Witterungsverhältnisse der letzten 5 bis höchstens 10 Tage vor der Gelbreife sind von entscheidendem Einfluss, Backqualität nimmt von kontinentalem zum maritimen Klima ab KATASTER-DETAIL: Tmit+, Sonn+, Nied-, dann gute Qualität Nied+, dann Tausendkorngewicht + aber Nied**, dann Tausendkorngewicht - und N-Gehalt +
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1900-1925 ; Ertrag ; Korrelationsmethode ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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  • 13
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    In:  Kühn-Archiv, Berlin, Band XX, Seite 223-301
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Auswertung von 27 Versuchsjahren, Bestimmung einer kritischen Periode für die Mindestniederschlagshöhe durch Auswertung der Klimaparmeter in einzelnen Bezirken mittels Rangkorrelationskoeffizienten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen der Niederschlagshöhe und dem Ertrag von Zuckerrüben, Zusammenhang zwischen der Sonnenscheindauer und dem Zuckergehalt von Zuckerrüben KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied+: Nied 〉 175 mm (Juli-September), dann Ertragssteigerung bei ZR; Delta Sonn +: Sonn〉 4.43 h (September -Oktober), dann hohe Zuckergehalte bei ZR
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1900-1926 ; Zuckerrüben ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Temperatur ; Witterung
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  • 14
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    In:  Dissertation, Band 1 und Band 2, Berlin
    Publication Date: 1987
    Description: meteoropathologische Auswertung von 165.551 Totenscheinen aus Ostberlin KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Auswertung zeigt Jahresrhythmus der Sterbehäufigkeit an Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen als Todesursache und für einzelne Monate modifizierenden Einfluß jahreszeitlich über- bzw. unternormaler Temperatur und Dampfdruckwerte KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Berlin ; 1958-1967 ; Umweltmedizin ; Witterung
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  • 15
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    In:  Landw. Jahrbuch 68:537-558
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Untersuchungen der Beziehungen zwischen Pferdebohne (Vicia faba L.) und der Witterung. Einteilung des Wachstums in Abschnitte KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung auf die Entwicklung und den Ertrag der Pferdebohne KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T + und Delta Sonn +, dann Reife + (früher); Delta T +, dann 1. Wachstumsabschnitt (vom Auflaufen bis zum Blütebeginnn) - (kürzer); Delta T + und Delta Sonn +, dann 3. Wachstumsabschnitt (Reifezeit) - (kürzer); Delta T +, dann Gesamtwachstumszeit +; Delta Nied +, dann Gesamtwachstumszeit -; Delta T (Gesamtwachstumszeit,Jugendzeit) +, dann Kornzahl +; Delta Sonn (Blütezeit) +, dann Kornzahl +; Delta Nied +, dann Kornzahl -; Delta T (Reifezeit) - und Delta Nied (Reifezeit) +, dann Pilzbefall + und somit Kornzahl -; Delta T +, dann Kornschwere -; Delta Nied (10 Tage vor bis 10 Tage nach Blütenende) +, dann Kornschwere +; Delta T +, dann Hülsenzahl +; Delta Nied +, dann Hülsenzahl -; Delta Nied (alle Wachstumszeiten) + und Delta T (bis zum Blütenende) + und Delta Sonn -, dann Strohgewicht +;
    Keywords: Freising, Bayern ; 1921-1926 ; Ertrag ; Witterung ; Gemüse
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  • 16
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    In:  Deut. Landwirtschaflt. Presse 55:94-95.
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Übersicht über die Literatur zum Einfluss des Wetters auf die Kulturpflanzen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Milder und trockener Winter wirkt positiv auf die Weizenerträge, kalter und niederschlagsreicher Winter eher negativ, Betrachung für Norddeutschland KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1900-1926 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung ; Gerste
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Einfluss der Witterungsfaktoren auf verschiedene Kulturen und die Betriebssysteme KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Witterung
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  • 18
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    In:  Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung, Düngung, Bodenkunde 6:490-496.
    Publication Date: 1927
    Description: Einfluss der Witterungsfaktoren Niederschlag, Temperatur und Sonnenscheindauer auf die Erträge KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einteilung der Temperatur in Klassen (stark, mittel, gering) und die Beurteilung auf die Erträge in den 6 Provinzen des deutschen Reiches, mit Vermehrung der Niederschlage wahrend der Vegetationszeit Zunahme der Halmfrüchte und der Kartoffeln im gröBten Teile des PreuBischen Staates anfangs, jedoch nd spater wieder abnehmender Trend KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T+ (April-Augut), dann Winterweizenerträge + in OstpreuBen, Brandenburg und Sachsen Delte T++ (April-August), dann Winterweizenerträge ++ in Ostpreußen, aber - in Brandenburg und Sachsen Delta T- (April-Augut), dann Winterweizenerträge - in Hannover und der Rheinprovinz Delta T+ (+0.1° Erhöhung Temperaturmittel der Monate April bis September), dann Kartoffel+ in OstpreuBen und Schlesien
    Keywords: Deutschland, teilw. einzelne Regionen ; 1899-1913 ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 1978
    Description: Untersuchungen zur Ertragshöhe, zu Ertragsvergleichen, zur langjährige Ertragsentwicklung und zur Abhängigkeit der Erträge von einigen Witterungsmerkmalen bei den wichtigsten Futterpflanzenarten (Mais, Futterrüben, Rotklee, Luzerne, sommerjährige Leguminosen und Gräser). Unterteilung des Landes Bayern in Klimagebiete. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag und Sonnenscheindauer) auf den Ertrag von Futterpflanzenarten. Futterrüben sind gegenüber Mais weniger witterungsempfindlich. Luzerne ist in sommertrockenen Lagen weniger niederschlagsabhängig als Rotklee KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Juli) + (auf sommerfeuchten Standorten), dann Ertrag (Mais) -; Delta Nied (Juli) - (auf sommertrockenen Standorten), dann Ertrag (Mais) -; Delta T (generative Phase) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) + : Delta T = 1°C (im Bereich von 13-18°C), dann Ertragserhöhung um 516kStE/ha; Delta T +, dann Ertrag (Mais) + Delta Nied (Juli) + (auf sommerfeuchten Standorten), dann Ertrag (Futterrübe) -; Delta Nied (Juli) - (auf sommertrockenen Standorten), dann Ertrag (Futterrübe) -; Delta T +, dann Ertrag (Futterrübe) +; Delta Nied (Mai bis September) - (auf sommertrockenen Standorten), dann Ertrag (Rotklee) -; Delta Nied (Mai bis September) + (auf sommerfeuchten Standorten) und delta Sonn -, dann Ertrag (Rotklee) -; Delta Nied - (auf sommertrockenen Standorten), dann Ertrag (Rotklee) -;
    Keywords: Bayern ; 1950-74 ; Ertrag ; Landwirtschaft ; Mais ; Wachstum ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 20
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    In:  Die Kartoffel, S. 66
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Zusammenhang zwischen der Witterung und der Stärkeeinlagerung bei Kartoffeln KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Witterung
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  • 21
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    In:  Mitt. DLG, S. 128
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Zusammenhang zwischen der Witterung und den Knollenerträgen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Witterung
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  • 22
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    In:  Zeitschr. Pflanzenbau 2.
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Zusammenhang Witterung und Knollenansatz und -gewicht bei Kartoffeln KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Witterung
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  • 23
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    In:  Kühn-Archiv 20:140-222.
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Untersuchungen an Ernteergebnissen mittels Rangordnungs- und Korrelationsmethode zur Abhängigkeit von den Witterungsfaktoren. Untersucht wurden die Erträge von Weizen, Roggen, Sommergerste, Hafer, Erbsen und Zuckerrüben KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag, Sonnenscheindauer) auf die Erträge der Kurlturpflanzen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Oktober, November) - und Delta T (Januar, Februar) +, dann Erträge (Weizen) +; Delta Nied (April, Mai) + und Delta Nied (Februar, März) -, dann Erträge (Weizen) +; Delta Sonn (März) +, dann Erträge (Weizen) +; Delta Nied (Mai - Zeit des Schossens) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta T (November) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (April, Juni) + und Delta T (April, Juni) -, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Nied (April, Juni) 〉 180mm, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) -; Delta Sonn (März, April) + und Delta Sonn (Mai) -, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (April bis Juni) +, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta Sonn (März, April) +, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta T (Juni) -, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta Nied (Juni, September) +, dann Erträge (Zuckerrübe) +; Delta Nied (August) +, Zuckergehalt +; Delta T (Juni) +, dann Erträge (Zuckerrübe) +; Delta Sonn (September) +, Qualität der Ernte +; Delta Sonn (März, April) + und Delta Sonn (Mai, Juni) -, dann Erträge (Getreide) +;
    Keywords: Mansfelder See- und Saalkreis, Kreis Querfurt, Kreis Merseburg ; 1900-1925 ; Zuckerrüben ; Hafer ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Gerste ; Erbsen
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  • 24
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    In:  Der Kartoffelbau, Nr. 69
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Zusammenhang der Witterungselemente, insbesondere der Sommerniederschläge zum Ertrag bei Kartoffeln KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Breslau ; 1901-1921 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Witterung
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  • 25
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    In:  Kühn-Archiv:53-78.
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Einführung der Rangordnungs- und Korrelationsmethode anhand langjähriger Beobachtungen, Einfluss des Niederschlages und der Temperatur auf den Ertrag von Erbsen, Kartoffeln, Weizen, Hafer und Roggen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag) auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (März und April) + und Delta Nied (März und April) -, dann Erträge (Erbsen) +; Delta T (Mai und Juni) - und Delta Nied (Mai und Juni) +, dann Erträge (Erbse) +; Delta T (Oktober Vorjahr) +, dann Erträge (Kartoffel) +; Delta T (März) + und Delta T (Mai und Juni) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (Januar bis März)-, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta Nied (Januar bis März)-, dann Erträge (Winterroggen) +;
    Keywords: Halle ; 1893-25 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Fichte ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung
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  • 26
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    In:  Diss., Göttingen
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Ergebnisse ( Korrelationsmethode) der Bezeihung zwischen Witterung und Ertrag vieler Kulturen eingeteilt nach Monaten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Beziehungen zwischen Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag)und Ernte KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (erste 10 Blütetage) -, dann Ertrag (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Beginn der Blüte bis 10 tage nach Ende der Blüte)-, dann Ertrag (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (während der 20 Tage nach Beginn der Blüte) -, dann Ertrag (Sommerweizen) +; Delta Tmit (während der 20 Tage nach dem Aufgang) -, dann Ertrag (Hafer) +; Delta Tmin (während der 20 Tage nach dem Aufgang) -, dann Ertrag (Gerste) +; Delta Tmit (während der 20 Tage nach Beginn der Blüte) -, dann Ertrag (Kartoffeln) +; Delta Nied (vom Aufgang bis zum Beginn der Blüte) -, dann Ertrag (Erbsen) +; Delta Nied +, dann Ertrag (Vietsbohnen) +;
    Keywords: Göttingen ; 1901-1922 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Erbsen
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  • 27
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    In:  Landw. Wochenschrift für die Provinz Sachsen und Anhalt, Hallle 18:428ff.
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Zusammenhang Witterung in Monaten und Gerstenertrag KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Sachsen und Anhalt ; 1920 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung
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  • 28
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    In:  Hanus, H., (ed.) 1978. Vorhersage von Ernteerträgen aus Witterungsdaten in den Ländern der EG, Vol. 21, Kiel
    Publication Date: 1978
    Description: Verfahren der multiplen Regressionsgleichungen zur Vorhersage von Ernteerträgen aus Witterungsdaten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Abhängigkeit des Ertrags von der Witterung (Temperatur, Sonnenscheindauer, Niederschläge, Windgeschwindigkeit, Relative Luftfeuchte, Regentage) KATASTER-DETAIL: -
    Keywords: Europa ; Luftfeuchte ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Wind ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 1977
    Description: Einfluss meteorologischer Elemente auf den Ertrag von Winterroggen,Einteilung der Witterungsabschnitte entsprechend der phänologischen Phasen. Enge Korrelation zwischen der Niederschlagssumme der gesamten Vegetationsperiode und dem Ertrag. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Brandenburg ; Ertrag ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Vegetationsperiode ; Wassermangel ; Witterung
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Beziehung zwischen Witterung (unterteilt in einzelne Monate) und Ertragshöhe mithilfe der Rangordnungs- und der Korrelationsmethode KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag, Sonnenscheindauer) auf den Ertrag von Winterweizen, Sommerweizen, Sommergerste, Wintergerste, Hafer und Runkelrüben auf dem Versuchsfeld (wasserundurchlässiger Boden) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Sonn (Oktober bis November)+, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Sonn (Dezember bis März)+, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) -; Delta Sonn (April) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (April) +, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (Mai, Juni und Juli) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (August bis Oktober) +, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta T (April) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; (Details sowie Informationen für Sommerweizen, Sommergerste, Wintergerste, Hafer und Runkelrüben siehe Artikel)
    Keywords: Hohenheim (Baden-Württemberg) ; 1914-25 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 31
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    In:  Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung, Düngung, Bodenkunde 16.
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Beziehungen zwischen Witterung und Ernteertrag KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Hohenheim (Baden-Württemberg) ; 1914-25 ; Ertrag ; Witterung
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  • 32
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    In:  Landw. Jahrbuch Berlin 63(1):1-81
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Auszug aus der Diss. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Beziehungen zwischen Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag)und Ernte KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Göttingen ; 1901-1922 ; Ertrag ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte ; Erbsen
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  • 33
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    In:  Zeitschrift für Acker- und Pflanzenbau 3:330-334.
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Angabe von Niederschlagsmengen und Durchschnittstemperaturen für das ökologische Optimum bestimmter Sorten, kritische Zeiten (vor und nach der Blüte) sind hierfür entscheidend KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss von Wasser und Wärme, bzw. Niederschlag und Temperatur auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Roggen, Weizen: Delta Nied (Beginn Blütezeit)-, dann Ertrag +; Hafer, Gerste, Kartoffel: Delta T (Beginn der Blüte) -, dann Ertrag +; Bohne: Delta T (gesamte Wachstumszeit)+ und Delta Nied (gesamte Wachstumszeit) +, dann Ertrag +
    Keywords: Göttingen ; 1901-22 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte ; Erbsen
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  • 34
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    In:  Zeitschrift Meteorologie 36:322-324.
    Publication Date: 1986
    Description: Auflistung verschiedenster Quellen der Beziehung von Erträgen und Witterung in Bezug zum Klima KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Temperatur und des Niederschlags im Jahresverlauf auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Herbst, Winter, Frühjahr) -, dann Erträge +; Delta Nied (März) - und Delta T (März) +, dann Erträge +; Delta T (April) -, dann Erträge +; Delta Nied (Mai) + und Delta T (Mai) -, dann Erträge +; Delta Nied (Juni) + und Delta T (Juni) -, dann Erträge +;
    Keywords: Europa ; Überblick über 2000 Jahre ; Ertrag ; Klima ; Landwirtschaft ; Temperatur ; Witterung
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  • 35
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    In:  Intern. Agrik.-Wiss. Rundsch. N.F. 1;p.406-424
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Der Autor fasst in einer Literaturstudie Forschungsergebnisse und -erkenntnisse von Studien zum Zusammenhang zwischen klimatischen Parametern und dem Auftreten verschiedener Pflanzenkrankheiten aus Feldversuchen zusammen und vergleicht diese mit eigenen Beobachtungen aus Indien. Aus dem Literaturstudium gewonnene Kardinalwerte für verschiedene Pflanzenkrankheiten sind enthalten. Schwerpunkte der Sammlung an Erkenntnissen stellen Indien und die USA dar. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Indien, USA, Welt ; 1900-1925 ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Witterung
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  • 36
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    In:  Arch. Acker- und Pflanzenbau, Bodenkunde 22 (9):593-599.
    Publication Date: 1978
    Description: Mittels Regressionsgleichungen wurde der Einfluss des Grundwasserstandes, bzw. der Witterung auf den Ertrag quantifiziert und dienen als Korrektur für die Wirkungsgrade (Tabelle)für unterschiedliche Standorte. Hierdurch können der Einfluss der Jahreswitterung quantifiziert und Ertragsrichtwerte berechnet werden. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Witterung, Standort, Bodenart und Ertrag auf Niedergrünland. Berechnung durch allgemeine Formel möglich, die je nach Standort, Düngungsregime und Witterung Korrekturwerte für die Einflussfaktoren entsprechend einer Tabelle.Berechnet wird der Günland-Ertrag als TM auf Niedermoorstandorten. KATASTER-DETAIL: Ertrag (TM in dt/ha)=a + b x x1 + c x x2 + d x x3 + e x x4 + f x x5 + g x x6 mit a=absolutes Glied, b-g Korrekturfaktoren laut Tabelle in der Veröffentlichung x1=Mittlerer Grundwasserstand in cm (April-Mai) x2=Mittlerer Grundwasserstand in cm (Juli-September) x3=Stickstoffdüngung (kg/ha Rein-N) x4=Niederschlagssumme in mm (Juni-August) x5=mittlere Temperatur in ^C(März-Mai) x5=mittlere Temperatur in ^C(März-Mai) x6=mittlere Temperatur in ^C(Juni-August)
    Keywords: Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; 1960-72 ; Ertrag ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung
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  • 37
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    In:  Kartoffelbau 29 (1):15-17.
    Publication Date: 1978
    Description: Zusammenhang Kartoffelertrag und -qualität und Witterungsverlauf KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf den Ernteertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Mai, Juni) + und Delta Nied (Mai, Juni) -, dann Pflanzenentwicklung -; Delta Bodenfeuchte -, dann Wachstum -; Delta T (März, April) 〈 0°C, dann Schäden +;
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1975-77 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Lage der Hochs nördlich und südlich des 50. Breitengrades und ihre Bedeutung für die Witterung und Ernteerträge in Mitteldeutschland KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL: Tmit+ (Janurar, Februar, März, Mai und Dezember) durch Abnahem der barometrischen Nordlagen Tmit- (August, September) durch Zunahme der barometrischen Nordlagen Nied+ (Janurar, Apri,, Mai, August, September, Dezember) durch Abnahmen der barometrischen Nordlagen (entspricht Zunahmen der Südlagen!) Nied- (Februar, März, Oktober und November) durch Abnahmen der barometrischen Nordlagen (entspricht Zunahmen der Südlagen!)
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1900-1925 ; Luftfeuchte ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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  • 39
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    In:  Georgine, Jahrgang 102, Nr. 68, p. 806-807
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Biologie und Bekämpfung von Fritfliege, Getreideblumenfliege, scheckige oder gelbe Halmfliege, Weizenfliege, Hessenfliege KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag und Wind) auf die Schädlinge KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Winter) +, Anzahl Maden der Halmfliege +; Delta Nied (September) + und Delta Wind (September) +, dann Hessenfliege -
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1903-1925 ; Insekten ; Anbautermine ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Vegetationsperiode ; Weizen ; Wind ; Witterung ; Düngung ; Gerste
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 1988-04-22
    Description: In the parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis, males are haploid and usually develop from unfertilized eggs, whereas females are diploid and develop from fertilized eggs. Some individuals in this species carry a genetic element, termed psr (paternal sex ratio), which is transmitted through sperm and causes condensation and subsequent loss of paternal chromosomes in fertilized eggs, thus converting diploid females into haploid males. In this report the psr trait was shown to be caused by a supernumerary chromosome. This B chromosome contains at least three repetitive DNA sequences that do not cross-hybridize to each other or to the host genome. The psr chromosome apparently produces a trans-acting product responsible for condensation of the paternal chromosomes, but is itself insensitive to the effect. Because the psr chromosome enhances its transmission by eliminating the rest of the genome, it can be considered the most "selfish" genetic element yet described.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nur, U -- Werren, J H -- Eickbush, D G -- Burke, W D -- Eickbush, T H -- GM31867/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 22;240(4851):512-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, NY 14627.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3358129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Satellite ; Diploidy ; Haploidy ; Hymenoptera/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sex Determination Analysis ; *Sex Ratio ; Wasps/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-05-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oliver, J H Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 20;240(4855):967.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3368789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Arthropod Vectors ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 1988-05-13
    Description: Treatment of chick embryos in ovo with crude and partially purified extracts from embryonic hindlimbs (days 8 to 9) during the normal cell death period (days 5 to 10) rescues a significant number of motoneurons from degeneration. The survival activity of partially purified extract was dose-dependent and developmentally regulated. The survival of sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic, and a population of cholinergic sympathetic preganglionic neurons was unaffected by treatment with hindlimb extract. The massive motoneuron death that occurs after early target (hindlimb) removal was partially ameliorated by daily treatment with the hindlimb extract. These results indicate that a target-derived neurotrophic factor is involved in the regulation of motoneuron survival in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oppenheim, R W -- Haverkamp, L J -- Prevette, D -- McManaman, J L -- Appel, S H -- NS 20402/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 23058/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 13;240(4854):919-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, Wake Forest University, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3363373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ammonium Sulfate ; Animals ; Cell Survival ; Chemical Fractionation ; Chick Embryo ; Growth Substances/isolation & purification/*pharmacology ; Hindlimb ; Motor Neurons/*cytology ; Muscles/analysis/embryology/innervation ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Tissue Extracts/isolation & purification/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-09
    Description: Oligonucleotides complementary to regions of U1 and U2 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), when injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes, rapidly induced the specific degradation of U1 and U2 snRNAs, respectively, and then themselves were degraded. After such treatment, splicing of simian virus 40 (SV40) late pre-mRNA transcribed from microinjected viral DNA was blocked in oocytes. If before introduction of SV40 DNA into oocytes HeLa cell U1 or U2 snRNAs were injected and allowed to assemble into small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP)-like complexes, SV40 late RNA was as efficiently spliced as in oocytes that did not receive U1 or U2 oligonucleotides. This demonstrates that oocytes can form fully functional hybrid U1 and U2 snRNPs consisting of human snRNA and amphibian proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pan, Z Q -- Prives, C -- CA33620/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA46121/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 9;241(4871):1328-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2970672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Oocytes ; *RNA Splicing ; *RNA, Small Nuclear ; *Ribonucleoproteins ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear ; Species Specificity ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Xenopus laevis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 1988-07-15
    Description: Odorant-binding protein (OBP) is found in nasal epithelium, and it selectively binds odorants. Three complementary DNAs encoding rat odorant-binding protein have now been cloned and sequenced. One clone contains an open reading frame predicted to encode an 18,091-dalton protein. RNA blot analysis confirms the localization of OBP messenger RNA in the nasal epithelium. This OBP has 33 percent amino acid identity to alpha 2-microglobulin, a secreted plasma protein. Other members of an alpha 2-microglobulin superfamily bind and transport hydrophobic ligands. Thus, OBP probably binds and carries odorants within the nasal epithelium to putative olfactory receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pevsner, J -- Reed, R R -- Feinstein, P G -- Snyder, S H -- DA-00074/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- GM-07626/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA16519-13/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 15;241(4863):336-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3388043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nasal Mucosa/*physiology ; Rats ; *Receptors, Odorant ; Smell/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: The alpha helix, first proposed by Pauling and co-workers, is a hallmark of protein structure, and much effort has been directed toward understanding which sequences can form helices. The helix hypothesis, introduced here, provides a tentative answer to this question. The hypothesis states that a necessary condition for helix formation is the presence of residues flanking the helix termini whose side chains can form hydrogen bonds with the initial four-helix greater than N-H groups and final four-helix greater than C-O groups; these eight groups would otherwise lack intrahelical partners. This simple hypothesis implies the existence of a stereochemical code in which certain sequences have the hydrogen-bonding capacity to function as helix boundaries and thereby enable the helix to form autonomously. The three-dimensional structure of a protein is a consequence of the genetic code, but the rules relating sequence to structure are still unknown. The ensuing analysis supports the idea that a stereochemical code for the alpha helix resides in its boundary residues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Presta, L G -- Rose, G D -- AG 06084/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- GM 29458/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1632-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2837824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carboxypeptidases ; Carboxypeptidases A ; Cytochrome c Group ; Flavodoxin ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Chemical ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muramidase ; Myoglobin ; Pancreatic Polypeptide ; Parvalbumins ; Plastocyanin ; *Protein Conformation ; Ribonucleases ; Scorpion Venoms ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase ; Triose-Phosphate Isomerase ; Trypsin Inhibitors ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-12-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rhodes, F H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 9;242(4884):1361.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201224" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Behavioral Research ; Bioethics ; *Cats ; Federal Government ; New York ; *Research ; Universities
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-10-21
    Description: Synthesis of a small group of highly conserved proteins in response to elevated temperature and other agents that induce stress is a universal feature of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Although correlative evidence suggests that these proteins play a role in enhancing survival during and after stress, there is no direct evidence to support this in mammalian cells. To assess the role of the most highly conserved heat shock protein (hsp) family during heat shock, affinity-purified monoclonal antibodies to hsp70 were introduced into fibroblasts by needle microinjection. In addition to impairing the heat-induced translocation of hsp70 proteins into the nucleus after mild heat shock treatment, injected cells were unable to survive a brief incubation at 45 degrees C. Cells injected with control antibodies survived a similar heat shock. These results indicate that functional hsp70 is required for survival of these cells during and after thermal stress.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Riabowol, K T -- Mizzen, L A -- Welch, W J -- GM33551/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 21;242(4877):433-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY 11724.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/administration & dosage ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Cell Survival ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Heat-Shock Proteins/immunology/*physiology ; *Hot Temperature ; Microinjections ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robbins, C T -- Baer, J F -- Wright, R W -- Nelson, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 11;242(4880):845.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3055297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Zoo/*physiology ; Carnivora/*physiology ; Reproductive Techniques/*veterinary
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-05-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 27;240(4856):1149.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3375809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cacao ; Cattle ; Dietary Fats/adverse effects ; *Meat ; *Plants, Edible ; Stearic Acids/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 1988-04-22
    Description: BC3H1 myocytes release membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase to the incubation medium upon stimulation with insulin, following a time course that is consistent with the generation of dimyristoylglycerol and the appearance of a putative insulin mediator in the extracellular medium. The use of specific blocking agents shows, however, that alkaline phosphatase release and dimyristoylglycerol production are independent processes and that the blockade of either event inhibits the production of insulin mediator. These experiments suggest a new model of insulin action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Romero, G -- Luttrell, L -- Rogol, A -- Zeller, K -- Hewlett, E -- Larner, J -- AI 18000/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AM 14334/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 22125/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 22;240(4851):509-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3282305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism/secretion ; Animals ; Diglycerides/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Extracellular Space/enzymology ; Glycolipids/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Phosphatidylinositols/*physiology ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex/metabolism
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 1988-12-16
    Description: Fibroblasts were genetically modified to secrete nerve growth factor (NGF) by infection with a retroviral vector and then implanted into the brains of rats that had surgical lesions of the fimbria-fornix. The grafted cells survived and produced sufficient NGF to prevent the degeneration of cholinergic neurons that would die without treatment. In addition, the protected cholinergic cells sprouted axons that projected in the direction of the cellular source of NGF. These results indicate that a combination of gene transfer and intracerebral grafting may provide an effective treatment for some disorders of the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, M B -- Friedmann, T -- Robertson, R C -- Tuszynski, M -- Wolff, J A -- Breakefield, X O -- Gage, F H -- AG06088/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HD20034/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS24279/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 16;242(4885):1575-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, University of California School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/cytology/enzymology/*pathology ; Cell Survival ; DNA/genetics ; Fibroblasts/metabolism/*transplantation ; Genetic Vectors ; Histocytochemistry ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Rats
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-16
    Description: Organisms living in the marine rocky intertidal zone compete for space. This, together with predation, physical disruption, and differing species tolerances to physiological stress, explains the structure of the ecological communities at some sites. At other sites the supply of larvae is limiting, and events in the offshore waters, such as wind-driven upwelling, explain the composition of intertidal communities. Whether the community ecology at a site is governed by adult-adult interactions within the site, or by limitations to the supply of larvae reaching the site, is determined by the regional pattern of circulation in the coastal waters. Models combining larval circulation with adult interactions can potentially forecast population fluctuations. These findings illustrate how processes in different ecological habitats are coupled.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roughgarden, J -- Gaines, S -- Possingham, H -- DE-FG03-85ER60362/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- NCA2-258/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 16;241(4872):1460-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11538249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Larva ; *Marine Biology ; *Models, Biological ; Pacific Ocean ; Plankton ; Population Dynamics ; Thoracica/*growth & development
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-06-24
    Description: Recovery of hair cells was studied at various times after acoustic trauma in adult quail. An initial loss of hair cells recovered to within 5 percent of the original number of cells. Tritium-labeled thymidine was injected after this acoustic trauma to determine if mitosis played a role in recovery of hair cells. Within 10 days of acoustic trauma, incorporation of [3H]thymidine was seen over the nuclei of hair cells and supporting cells in the region of initial hair cell loss. Thus, hair cell regeneration can occur after embryonic terminal mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ryals, B M -- Rubel, E W -- NS24522/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1774-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Audiology and Speech Pathology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3381101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Cell Division ; Coturnix ; DNA Replication ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*cytology/physiology ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-02-19
    Description: Point mutations were introduced into the overlapping trans-regulatory genes (tat-III and trs) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and the mutants were evaluated for virus expression. The results showed that tat-III has a positive transacting role and is required for transcriptional activation. A chain terminating mutation early in the trs gene resulted in an increase in transcription of viral messenger RNA as measured by nuclear transcription experiments, but only one major species of viral messenger RNA (1.8 kilobases) was detected, and little or no viral structural proteins were made. Thus, the trs gene product is essential for expression of virus structural proteins but, at the same time, may have a negative trans-regulatory role in transcription. Cotransfection of the point mutant proviruses defective in tat or trs with each other or with a complementary DNA clone containing tat and trs sequences restored the normal transcription pattern and subsequent virus production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sadaie, M R -- Benter, T -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 19;239(4842):910-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3277284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; Codon ; DNA/genetics ; *Genes, Regulator ; *Genes, Viral ; HIV/*genetics ; Humans ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; *Mutation ; Plasmids ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-06-03
    Description: The proto-oncogene c-fos is expressed in neurons in response to direct stimulation by growth factors and neurotransmitters. In order to determine whether the c-fos protein (Fos) and Fos-related proteins can be induced in response to polysynaptic activation, rat hindlimb motor/sensory cortex was stimulated electrically and Fos expression examined immunohistochemically. Three hours after the onset of stimulation, focal nuclear Fos staining was seen in motor and sensory thalamus, pontine nuclei, globus pallidus, and cerebellum. Moreover, 24-hour water deprivation resulted in Fos expression in paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Fos immunohistochemistry therefore provides a cellular method to label polysynaptically activated neurons and thereby map functional pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sagar, S M -- Sharp, F R -- Curran, T -- EY05721/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- NS24666/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 3;240(4857):1328-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3131879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Globus Pallidus/metabolism ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Pons/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Rats ; Thalamus/metabolism
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-02-12
    Description: The first nothosaur (Neusticosaurus sp.) embryo, one of the very few fossil embryos known, provides a rare glimpse at reproduction in extinct reptiles. The specimen from the southern Alpine Middle Triassic (about 230 million years ago) was recognized as an embryo in comparison with an exceptionally large and well-understood sample of juvenile and sexed adult Neusticosaurus sp. The skeleton shows many embryonic features and may well be the smallest fossil reptile known (body length 51 millimeters). It reached only 22% of mean adult length whereas modern reptiles of this size do not hatch before they reach about 30% of mean adult length. The question of ovipary versus vivipary in pachypleurosaurs is discussed in light of the embryo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sander, P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 12;239(4841 Pt 1):780-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Palaontologisches Institut und Museum, Universitat Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3340859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Osteogenesis ; *Paleontology ; Reptiles/anatomy & histology/*embryology ; Switzerland
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Description: Strong steric interactions among proteins on crowded living cell surfaces were revealed by measurements of the equilibrium spatial distributions of proteins in applied potential gradients. The fraction of accessible surface occupied by mobile surface proteins can be accurately represented by including steric exclusion in the statistical thermodynamic analysis of the data. The analyses revealed enhanced, concentration-dependent activity coefficients, implying unanticipated thermodynamic activity even at typical cell surface receptor concentrations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ryan, T A -- Myers, J -- Holowka, D -- Baird, B -- Webb, W W -- AI18306/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI22449/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM33028/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 1;239(4835):61-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2962287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/*physiology ; *Membrane Fluidity ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, Fc/physiology ; Receptors, IgE ; Thermodynamics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 1988-04-01
    Description: The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) can influence a number of diverse intercellular events, including junctional communication, the association of axons with pathways and targets, and signals that alter levels of neurotransmitter enzymes. These pleiotropic effects appear to reflect the ability of NCAM to regulate membrane-membrane contact required to initiate specific interactions between other molecules. Such regulation can occur through changes in either NCAM expression or the molecule's content of polysialic acid (PSA). When NCAM with a low PSA content is expressed, adhesion is increased and contact-dependent events are triggered. In contrast, the large excluded volume of NCAM PSA can inhibit cell-cell interactions through hindrance of overall membrane apposition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rutishauser, U -- Acheson, A -- Hall, A K -- Mann, D M -- Sunshine, J -- EY06107/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HD18369/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 1;240(4848):53-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Genetics and Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3281256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Surface/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; *Cell Communication ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology ; Sialic Acids/metabolism
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: Behavioral sensitization leads to both short- and long-term enhancement of synaptic transmission between the sensory and motor neurons of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Serotonin (5-HT), a transmitter important for short-term sensitization, can evoke long-term enhancement of synaptic strength detected 1 day later. Because 5-HT mediates short-term facilitation through adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein phosphorylation, the role of cAMP in the long-term modulation of this identified synapse was examined. Like 5-HT, cAMP can also evoke long-term facilitation lasting 24 hours. Unlike the short-term change, the long-lasting change is blocked by anisomycin, a reversible inhibitor of protein synthesis, and therefore must involve the synthesis of gene products not required for the short-term change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schacher, S -- Castellucci, V F -- Kandel, E R -- GM 32099/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1667-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2454509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anisomycin/pharmacology ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects/*physiology ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Serotonin/pharmacology ; Synapses/drug effects/physiology
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-08-19
    Description: In mammalian cells, the glucocorticoid receptor binds specifically to glucocorticoid response element (GRE) DNA sequences and enhances transcription from linked promoters. It is shown here that derivatives of the glucocorticoid receptor also enhance transcription when expressed in yeast. Receptor-mediated enhancement in yeast was observed in fusions of GRE sequences to the yeast cytochrome c1 (CYC1) promoter; the CYC1 upstream activator sequences were not essential, since enhancement was observed in fusions of GREs to mutant CYC1 promoters retaining only the TATA region and transcription startpoints. It is concluded that the receptor operates by a common, highly conserved mechanism in yeast and mammalian cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schena, M -- Yamamoto, K R -- CA20535-12/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 19;241(4868):965-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3043665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA/metabolism ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Immunoassay ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-05-13
    Description: Mitotic spindle disassembly requires major structural alterations in the associated cytoskeletal proteins and mitosis is known to be associated with Ca2+-sequestering phenomena and calcium transients. To examine the possible involvement of a ubiquitous Ca2+-activated protease, calpain II, in the mitotic process, synchronized PtK1 cells were monitored by immunofluorescence for the relocation of calpain II. The plasma membrane was the predominant location of calpain II in interphase. However, as mitosis progressed, calpain II relocated to (i) an association with mitotic chromosomes, (ii) a perinuclear location in anaphase, and (iii) a mid-body location in telophase. Microinjection of calpain II near the nucleus of a PtK1 cell promoted the onset of metaphase. Injection of calpain II at late metaphase promoted a precocious disassembly of the mitotic spindle and the onset of anaphase. These data suggest that calpain II is involved in mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schollmeyer, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 13;240(4854):911-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Agriculture, Roman L. Hruska Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2834825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase/drug effects ; Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/pharmacology ; Calpain/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Cell Nucleus/enzymology ; Chromosomes/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Interphase ; Metaphase/drug effects ; *Mitosis ; Muscles/enzymology ; Rhodamines ; Spindle Apparatus/drug effects ; Swine
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-02-05
    Description: Identification of genes that function to protect cells from radiation damage is an essential step in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which mammalian cells cope with ionizing radiation. The intrinsic radiation resistance (D0) of NIH 3T3 cells was markedly and significantly increased by transformation with ras oncogenes activated by missense mutations. This radiobiologic activity appeared to be a specific consequence of the ras mutations rather than of transformation, since revertant cells that contained functional ras genes (but were no longer phenotypically transformed) retained their increased D0's.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sklar, M D -- CA 41166/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 5;239(4840):645-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3277276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival/*radiation effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; *Genes, ras ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sladek, J R Jr -- Shoulson, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 10;240(4858):1386-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3375820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aborted Fetus ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Brain/physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Embryo Research ; *Fetal Research ; Humans ; Neurons/*transplantation ; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology/*therapy ; Research Design ; Therapeutic Human Experimentation ; *Tissue and Organ Procurement ; Parkinson's disease should not repeat the mistakes made by adrenal autograft ; investigators, who operated on far more humans than on nonhuman primates because ; of a single unconfirmed report of dramatic improvement in two Mexican patients. ; Citing extensive data from experimental transplants conducted as early as 1944, ; the authors argue that, until a sufficient number of animal studies have been ; performed to answer many crucial questions about human fetal tissue transplants, ; researchers should refrain from experimenting on human patients.
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Spontaneous diabetes mellitus was blocked in nonobese diabetic mice by treatment with a monoclonal antibody against the L3T4 determinant present on the surface of T-helper lymphocytes. Sustained treatment with the monoclonal antibody led to cessation of the lymphocytic infiltration associated with the destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells. Moreover, the mice remained normoglycemic after the antibody therapy was stopped. These studies indicate that immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies to the lymphocyte subset may not only halt the progression of diabetes, but may lead to long-term reversal of the disease after therapy has ended.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shizuru, J A -- Taylor-Edwards, C -- Banks, B A -- Gregory, A K -- Fathman, C G -- AI11313/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK39959/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):659-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305-5111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2966437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*therapeutic use ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Cyclosporins/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology/*therapy ; Female ; *Immunotherapy ; Islets of Langerhans/pathology ; Lymphocytes/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology/pathology
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 1988-01-08
    Description: The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and analogs of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) induced a potassium current, M current, in freshly dissociated gastric smooth muscle cells. Muscarinic agonists suppress this current, apparently by acting at a locus downstream from regulation of cAMP levels by adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase. Thus, M current can be induced by an agent and regulated in antagonistic fashion by beta-adrenergic and muscarinic systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sims, S M -- Singer, J J -- Walsh, J V Jr -- DK 31620/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 8;239(4836):190-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester 01655.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2827305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Bufo marinus ; Cyclic AMP/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Muscarine/pharmacology ; Muscle, Smooth/*physiology ; Potassium/*physiology ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*physiology ; Receptors, Muscarinic/*physiology ; Stomach/physiology
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-11-04
    Description: The patterns of synaptic connection that underlie brain function depend on the elaborate forms characteristic of neurons. It is therefore a central goal of neuroscience to understand the molecular basis for neuronal shape. Neuronal pathfinding during development is one major determinant of neuronal shape: growing nerve axons and dendrites must navigate, branch, and locate targets in response to extracellular cue molecules within the embryo. The leading tips of growing nerve processes, structures known as growth cones, contain especially high concentrations of the ubiquitous mechanochemical protein actin. Force generation involving this cytoskeletal molecule appears to be essential to the ability of growing nerve fibers to respond structurally to extracellular cues. New results from electronically enhanced light microscopy of living growth cones are helping to show how actin-based forces guide neurite growth and synapse formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 4;242(4879):708-15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3055292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*physiology ; Animals ; *Cell Movement/drug effects ; Cytochalasins/pharmacology ; Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Morphogenesis ; Myosins/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Synapses/*physiology
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-12-09
    Description: Cell types associated with angiotensinogen mRNA in rat brain were identified in individual brain sections by in situ hybridization with tritiated RNA probes or with a sulfur-35--labeled oligonucleotide combined with immunocytochemical detection of either glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for astrocytes or microtubule-associated protein (MAP-2) for neurons. Autoradiography revealed silver grains clustered primarily over GFAP-reactive soma and processes; most grain clusters were not associated with MAP-2--reactive cells. These results demonstrate that, in contrast to other known neuropeptide precursors, angiotensinogen is synthesized by glia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stornetta, R L -- Hawelu-Johnson, C L -- Guyenet, P G -- Lynch, K R -- R01 HL33513/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 9;242(4884):1444-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensinogen/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Animals ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Brain/*metabolism ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/analysis ; Histocytochemistry ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/analysis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Rats
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 1988-08-05
    Description: Primary mouse oocytes contain untranslated stable messenger RNA for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). During meiotic maturation, this maternal mRNA undergoes a 3'-polyadenylation, is translated, and is degraded. Injections of maturing oocytes with different antisense RNA's complementary to both coding and noncoding portions of t-PA mRNA all selectively blocked t-PA synthesis. RNA blot analysis of t-PA mRNA in injected, matured oocytes suggested a cleavage of the RNA.RNA hybrid region, yielding a stable 5' portion, and an unstable 3' portion. In primary oocytes, the 3' noncoding region was susceptible to cleavage, while the other portions of the mRNA were blocked from hybrid formation until maturation occurred. Injection of antisense RNA complementary to 103 nucleotides of its extreme 3' untranslated region was sufficient to prevent the polyadenylation, translational activation, and destabilization of t-PA mRNA. These results demonstrate a critical role for the 3' noncoding region of a dormant mRNA in its translational recruitment during meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strickland, S -- Huarte, J -- Belin, D -- Vassalli, A -- Rickles, R J -- Vassalli, J D -- HD-17875/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 5;241(4866):680-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2456615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Poly A/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; RNA/*pharmacology ; RNA, Antisense ; RNA, Messenger/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator/*genetics
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 1988-04-08
    Description: Specific sigma binding sites have been identified in the mammalian brain and lymphoid tissue. In this study, certain gonadal and adrenal steroids, particularly progesterone, were found to inhibit sigma receptor binding in homogenates of brain and spleen. The findings suggest that steroids are naturally occurring ligands for sigma receptors and raise the possibility that these sites mediate some aspects of steroid-induced mental disturbances and alterations in immune functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, T P -- London, E D -- Jaffe, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 8;240(4849):219-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2832949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Endocrine Glands/*physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Haloperidol/metabolism ; *Immunity ; Male ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Phenazocine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism ; Receptors, sigma ; Spleen/metabolism ; Steroids/*metabolism
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  • 70
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-07-08
    Description: Run-on transcription experiments were used to demonstrate that transcription of T cell receptor beta chain V genes is activated by DNA rearrangement, in a manner similar to immunoglobulin genes. A transcriptional enhancer likely to be involved in this activation has been identified. A 25-kilobase region from J beta 1 to V beta 14 was tested for enhancer activity by transient transfections, and an enhancer was found 7.5 kilobases 3' of C beta 2. The beta enhancer has low activity relative to the simian virus 40 viral enhancer, does not display a preference for V beta promoters, has a T cell-specific activity, and binds two purified immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDougall, S -- Peterson, C L -- Calame, K -- GM29361/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 8;241(4862):205-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA School of Medicine 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2968651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/physiology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 71
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-04-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 8;240(4849):136.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3162616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Dietary Fats ; Genetic Engineering ; *Meat
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  • 72
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-12-09
    Description: Retinal cells have been induced to project into the medial geniculate nucleus, the principal auditory thalamic nucleus, in newborn ferrets by reduction of targets of retinal axons in one hemisphere and creation of alternative terminal space for these fibers in the auditory thalamus. Many cells in the medial geniculate nucleus are then visually driven, have large receptive fields, and receive input from retinal ganglion cells with small somata and slow conduction velocities. Visual cells with long conduction latencies and large contralateral receptive fields can also be recorded in primary auditory cortex. Some visual cells in auditory cortex are direction selective or have oriented receptive fields that resemble those of complex cells in primary visual cortex. Thus, functional visual projections can be routed into nonvisual structures in higher mammals, suggesting that the modality of a sensory thalamic nucleus or cortical area may be specified by its inputs during development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sur, M -- Garraghty, P E -- Roe, A W -- EY07023/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY07719/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 9;242(4884):1437-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2462279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Auditory Cortex/*physiology ; Axonal Transport ; Ferrets ; Geniculate Bodies/physiology ; Reference Values ; Retina/*physiology ; Superior Colliculi/physiology ; Thalamic Nuclei/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Pathways/*physiology ; Visual Perception
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 1988-11-04
    Description: Studies in animals suggest that fetal neural grafts might restore lost neurological function in Parkinson's disease. In monkeys, such grafts survive for many months and reverse signs of parkinsonism, without attendant graft rejection. The successful and reliable application of a similar transplantation procedure to human patients, however, will require neural tissue obtained from human fetal cadavers, with demonstrated cellular identity, viability, and biological safety. In this report, human fetal neural tissue was successfully grafted into the brains of monkeys. Neural tissue was collected from human fetal cadavers after 9 to 12 weeks of gestation and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Viability after up to 2 months of storage was demonstrated by cell culture and by transplantation into monkeys. Cryopreservation and storage of human fetal neural tissue would allow formation of a tissue bank. The stored cells could then be specifically tested to assure their cellular identity, viability, and bacteriological and virological safety before clinical use. The capacity to collect and maintain viable human fetal neural tissue would also facilitate research efforts to understand the development and function of the human brain and provide opportunities to study neurological diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redmond, D E Jr -- Naftolin, F -- Collier, T J -- Leranth, C -- Robbins, R J -- Sladek, C D -- Roth, R H -- Sladek, J R Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 4;242(4879):768-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2903552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cercopithecus ; Fetus ; Freezing ; Humans ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/embryology/enzymology/*transplantation ; Preservation, Biological ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 1988-06-24
    Description: Inclusion of normal rabbit serum (NRS) in culture medium after interspecific fusion of hyperimmunized rabbit spleen cells with murine SP2/0 myeloma cells produced 271 rabbit-mouse hybridomas (RMHs) that secreted rabbit immunoglobulin against group A Streptococcus (GAS). Continued use of NRS-supplemented medium during cloning yielded stabilized monoclonal RMH lines that have secreted GAS-specific rabbit antibody at concentrations similar to murine hybridomas (3 to 8 micrograms per 10(6) cells per 24 hours), for over 4 months of culture in vitro. The use of NRS as a medium supplement during initial culture, cloning, and stabilization of RMHs enables production of considerably more specific rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb)-secreting RMHs than have previously been reported.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raybould, T J -- Takahashi, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1788-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Allelix Inc., Diagnostics Division, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3289119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/*immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Hybridomas/*immunology ; Karyotyping ; Mice/*immunology ; Rabbits/*immunology ; Streptococcus pyogenes/immunology ; Time Factors
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 1988-03-04
    Description: Abnormal functional activity induces long-lasting physiological alterations in neural pathways that may play a role in the development of epilepsy. The cellular mechanisms of these alterations are not well understood. One hypothesis is that abnormal activity causes structural reorganization of neural pathways and promotes epileptogenesis. This report provides morphological evidence that synchronous perforant path activation and kindling of limbic pathways induce axonal growth and synaptic reorganization in the hippocampus, in the absence of overt morphological damage. The results show a previously unrecognized anatomic plasticity associated with synchronous activity and development of epileptic seizures in neural pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sutula, T -- He, X X -- Cavazos, J -- Scott, G -- K07-NS00808/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R29-NS25020/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Mar 4;239(4844):1147-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53792.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2449733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Cytoplasmic Granules/ultrastructure ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrophysiology ; Hippocampus/physiopathology/*ultrastructure ; Histocytochemistry ; Kindling, Neurologic ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neural Pathways/ultrastructure ; Neurons/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Seizures/*pathology/physiopathology ; Staining and Labeling ; Synapses/*ultrastructure
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-11-18
    Description: A rat kidney messenger RNA that induces a slowly activating, voltage-dependent potassium current on its expression in Xenopus oocytes was identified by combining molecular cloning with an electrophysiological assay. The cloned complementary DNA encodes a novel membrane protein that consists of 130 amino acids with a single putative transmembrane domain. This protein differs from the known ion channel proteins but is involved in the induction of selective permeation of potassium ions by membrane depolarization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takumi, T -- Ohkubo, H -- Nakanishi, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 18;242(4881):1042-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Immunology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3194754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Northern ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Electric Conductivity ; Membrane Potentials ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Potassium Channels/*physiology ; Rats ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 1988-07-15
    Description: Daily variation has been found in the length of the polyadenylate tail attached to vasopressin messenger RNA in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, which is the location of an endogenous circadian pacemaker in mammals. No such variation was found in the supraoptic or paraventricular nuclei. This variation in the length of the polyadenylate tail may underlie the circadian rhythm of vasopressin peptide levels in cerebrospinal fluid and is a unique example of a daily rhythm in messenger RNA structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robinson, B G -- Frim, D M -- Schwartz, W J -- Majzoub, J A -- 1P50HL36568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01NS24542/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 15;241(4863):342-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3388044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/*physiology ; Biological Clocks ; Circadian Rhythm ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Poly A/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/*physiology ; Rats ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/*physiology
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 1988-02-12
    Description: Mesoderm induction in the amphibian embryo can be studied by exposing animal region explants (destined to become ectoderm) to appropriate stimuli and assaying the appearance of mesodermal products like alpha-actin messenger RNA. Transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta 2), but not TGF-beta 1, was active in alpha-actin induction, while addition of fibroblast growth factor had a small synergistic effect. Medium conditioned by Xenopus XTC cells (XTC-CM), known to have powerful mesoderm-inducing activity, was shown to contain TGF-beta-like activity as measured by a radioreceptor binding assay, colony formation in NRK cells, and growth inhibition in CCL64 cells. The activity of XTC-CM in mesoderm induction and in growth inhibition of CCL64 cells was inhibited partially by antibodies to TGF-beta 2 but not by antibodies to TGF-beta 1. Thus, a TGF-beta 2-like molecule may be involved in mesoderm induction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosa, F -- Roberts, A B -- Danielpour, D -- Dart, L L -- Sporn, M B -- Dawid, I B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 12;239(4841 Pt 1):783-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3422517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/genetics ; Amphibians/*embryology ; Animals ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Growth Substances/*physiology ; Mesoderm/*physiology ; Peptides/pharmacology/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Xenopus
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: A technique, in situ transcription, is described, in which reverse transcription of mRNAs is achieved within fixed tissue sections. An oligonucleotide complementary to proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA was used as a primer for the specific synthesis of radiolabeled POMC cDNA in fixed sections of rat pituitary, thus permitting the rapid anatomical localization of POMC mRNA by autoradiography. Intermediate lobe signal intensities were sensitive to dopaminergic drugs, demonstrating that the method can be used for studies of mRNA regulation. The transcripts may also be eluted from tissue sections for a variety of uses, including the identification and cloning of autoradiographically localized cDNAs from small amounts of tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tecott, L H -- Barchas, J D -- Eberwine, J H -- DA-05010/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH-23861/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH09099/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1661-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nancy Pritzker Laboratory of Behavioral Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2454508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; Deoxycytidine/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Nucleic Acid Denaturation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotides/genetics ; Pituitary Gland/*metabolism ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Rats ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 1988-09-09
    Description: Most T lymphocytes express an antigen-specific receptor composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, each of which can exhibit structural variability. A complex selection process operates on T cells during development in the thymus such that cells expressing only particular alpha beta-receptors migrate to the periphery. The alpha-chain repertoire was dissected at different stages of the selection process by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to amplify only those transcripts of a particular variable region gene (V58). Sequences from these V58 cDNAs reveal the predominant expression of four joining (J) segments by T cells in the adult thymus, suggesting that molecular or cellular processes select particular V alpha J alpha combinations during development. T cells expressing one of these V58J alpha chains appear to have been negatively selected at a later stage, since these transcripts were present in the spleen at approximately one-tenth the level in the thymus. Results also indicate that residues present at the V alpha J alpha junction may be important in an early selection process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roth, M E -- Lacy, M J -- McNeil, L K -- Kranz, D M -- AI24635/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 9;241(4871):1354-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2970673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Genes ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta ; Recombination, Genetic ; Spleen/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Thymus Gland/physiology ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 1988-09-23
    Description: The imaging of phosphorescence provides a method for monitoring oxygen distribution within the vascular system of intact tissues. Isolated rat lives were perfused through the portal vein with media containing palladium coproporphyrin, which phosphoresced and was used to image the liver at various perfusion rates. Because oxygen is a powerful quenching agent for phosphors, the transition from well-perfused liver to anoxia (no flow of oxygen) resulted in large increases of phosphorescence. During stepwise restoration of oxygen flow, the phosphorescence images showed marked heterogeneous patterns of tissue reoxygenation, which indicated that there were regional inequalities in oxygen delivery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rumsey, W L -- Vanderkooi, J M -- Wilson, D F -- GM 21524/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 36393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 23;241(4873):1649-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3420417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Coproporphyrins ; Liver Circulation ; *Luminescence ; Male ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Palladium ; Perfusion ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morrison, D C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 16;242(4885):1503-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201237" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Dolphins ; *Military Science ; *Pinnipedia ; *Seals, Earless ; United States
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-03-11
    Description: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. The role of sand fly saliva in transmission of the disease was investigated by injecting mice with Leishmania major parasites in the presence of homogenized salivary glands from Lutzomyia longipalpis. This procedure resulted in cutaneous lesions of Leishmania major that were routinely five to ten times as large and contained as much as 5000 times as many parasites as controls. With inocula consisting of low numbers of Leishmania major, parasites were detected at the site of injection only when the inoculum also contained salivary gland material. This enhancing effect of sand fly salivary glands on cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred with as little as 10 percent of the contents of one salivary gland of one fly. Material obtained from other bloodsucking arthropods could not mediate the phenomenon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Titus, R G -- Ribeiro, J M -- 1 R29 AI24511/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5 P01 AI22794/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI18694 0481/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Mar 11;239(4845):1306-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3344436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods ; *Diptera ; Leishmania tropica/*pathogenicity ; Leishmaniasis/*physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Salivary Glands ; Species Specificity ; Tissue Extracts/*pharmacology
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-07-29
    Description: Recent studies on the action of neurotransmitters on hippocampal pyramidal cells indicate that different neurotransmitter receptors that use either the same or different coupling mechanisms converge onto the same ion channel. Conversely, virtually all of the neurotransmitters act on at least two distinct receptor subtypes coupled to different ion channels on the same cell. The existence of both convergence and divergence in the action of neurotransmitters results in a remarkable diversity in neuronal signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nicoll, R A -- MH 0437/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH 38256/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 24205/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 29;241(4865):545-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2456612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Calcium/physiology ; GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*physiology ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-12-16
    Description: The development of electrophysiological properties of isolated, identified ascidian blastomeres was followed from the fertilized egg to the neurula, and the stage at which cells of different lineages first express different functional ion channel populations was determined. Little has been known about such events because of the difficulties of making voltage-clamp recordings from small embryonic cells and of identifying their developmental fates in dissociated preparations. The problem of small cell size was circumvented by using the whole-cell patch clamp, and identification was facilitated by the use of a species of ascidian, Boltenia villosa, in which endogenous pigment marks cells of specific developmental fates. Within approximately 3 hours after gastrulation, muscle-lineage blastomeres in these embryos developed a voltage-dependent calcium current while surrounding blastomeres of other lineages did not. At about the same time, all cells developed delayed outward potassium currents and lost the inwardly rectifying potassium currents present at earlier stages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simoncini, L -- Block, M L -- Moody, W J -- HD 17486/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS07775/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 16;242(4885):1572-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2849207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium Channels/*physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Gastrula/physiology ; Muscles/embryology/physiology ; Potassium Channels/physiology ; Urochordata/*embryology
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-02
    Description: When two different mammalian cell types are fused to generate a stable hybrid cell line, genes that are active in only one of the parents are frequently shut off, a phenomenon called extinction. In this study two distinct, complementary mechanisms for such extinction of growth hormone gene expression were identified. In hybrids formed by fusing fibroblasts to pituitary cells, pituitary-specific proteins that bind to the growth hormone promoter were absent. In addition, a negative regulatory element located near the rat growth hormone promoter was specifically activated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tripputi, P -- Guerin, S L -- Moore, D D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 2;241(4870):1205-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2842865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics ; Animals ; Avian Sarcoma Viruses/genetics ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Hormone/*genetics ; Herpesviridae/genetics ; Hybrid Cells/*metabolism ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Mice ; Pituitary Gland/metabolism ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; Transfection
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 1988-12-09
    Description: Potassium channels in neurons are linked by guanine nucleotide binding (G) proteins to numerous neurotransmitter receptors. The ability of Go, the predominant G protein in the brain, to stimulate potassium channels was tested in cell-free membrane patches of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Four distinct types of potassium channels, which were otherwise quiescent, were activated by both isolated brain G0 and recombinant Go alpha. Hence brain Go can couple diverse brain potassium channels to neurotransmitter receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉VanDongen, A M -- Codina, J -- Olate, J -- Mattera, R -- Joho, R -- Birnbaumer, L -- Brown, A M -- DK-19318/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL-31154/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-37044/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 9;242(4884):1433-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3144040" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cattle ; Electric Conductivity ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Potassium Channels/drug effects/*physiology ; Pyramidal Tracts/physiology ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/*pharmacology
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 1988-12-09
    Description: Airway epithelial chloride secretion is controlled by the apical-membrane chloride permeability. Purified apical-membrane vesicles from bovine tracheal epithelium have now been shown to contain functional chloride channels by using the planar-bilayer technique. Three types of chloride channels were observed; a voltage-dependent, calcium-independent, 71-picoSiemen (in 150 mM NaCl) channel accounted for more than 80 percent of the vesicular chloride conductance and was under strict control of phosphorylation. The channel underwent a fast rundown in less than 2 to 3 minutes of recording, and reactivation required in situ exposure to a phosphorylating "cocktail" containing the catalytic subunit of the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase. Mean open time and open probability were increased after phosphorylation, whereas slope conductance remained unchanged. Thus, metabolic control of tracheal chloride single channels can now be studied in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valdivia, H H -- Dubinsky, W P -- Coronado, R -- DK 38518/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM 36852/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL 37044/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 9;242(4884):1441-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2462280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/isolation & purification/metabolism/*physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Membrane Proteins/isolation & purification/metabolism/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Trachea/*physiology
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 1988-01-29
    Description: Regulation of the synthesis of membrane-bound and secreted immunoglobulin mu heavy chains at the level of RNA processing is an important element for B cell development. The precursor mu RNA is either polyadenylated at the upstream poly(A) site (for the secreted form) or spliced (for the membrane-bound form) in a mutually exclusive manner. When the mouse mu gene linked to the SV40/HSV-TK hybrid promoter was microinjected into Xenopus oocytes, the mu messenger RNA (mRNA) was altered by coinjection of nuclei of mouse surface IgM-bearing B-lymphoma cells to include the synthesis of the membrane-bound form. An increase in the membrane-bound form was not observed when nuclei of IgM-secreting hybridoma cells or fibroblast cells were coinjected. Deletion of the upstream poly(A) site did not eliminate the effect of B-lymphoma nuclei suggesting that membrane-specific splicing is stimulated. Further, splicing of other mu gene introns was not affected by coinjection of B-lymphoma nuclei. These results suggest that mature B cells contain one or more transacting nuclear factors that stimulate splicing specific for membrane-bound mu mRNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsurushita, N -- Ho, L -- Korn, L J -- AI21298/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):494-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3124268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/ultrastructure ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*physiology ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Hybridomas/ultrastructure ; Immunoglobulin M/genetics ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Introns ; Lymphoma/*immunology/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Microinjections ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Xenopus
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-06-10
    Description: First brought to scientific attention as infectious cancer-causing agents nearly 80 years ago, retroviruses are popular in contemporary biology for many reasons. (i) The virus life cycle includes several events--in particular, reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome into DNA, orderly integration of viral DNA into host chromosomes, and utilization of host mechanisms for gene expression in response to viral signals--which are broadly informative about eukaryotic cells and viruses. (ii) Retroviral oncogenesis usually depends on transduction or insertional activation of cellular genes, and isolation of those genes has provided the scientific community with many of the molecular components now implicated in the control of normal growth and in human cancer. (iii) Retroviruses include many important veterinary pathogens and two recently discovered human pathogens, the causative agents of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma. (iv) Retroviruses are genetic vectors in nature and can be modified to serve as genetic vectors for both experimental and therapeutic purposes. (v) Insertion of retroviral DNA into host chromosomes can be used to mark cell lineages and to make developmental mutants. Progress in these and other areas of retrovirus-related biology has been enormous during the past two decades, but many practical and theoretical problems remain to be solved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varmus, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 10;240(4858):1427-35.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3287617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; *Research Design ; *Retroviridae/genetics/pathogenicity
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 1988-09-23
    Description: Antibodies directed against a conserved intracellular segment of the sodium channel alpha subunit slow the inactivation of sodium channels in rat muscle cells. Of four site-directed antibodies tested, only antibodies against the short intracellular segment between homologous transmembrane domains III and IV slowed inactivation, and their effects were blocked by the corresponding peptide antigen. No effects on the voltage dependence of sodium channel activation or of steady-state inactivation were observed, but the rate of onset of the antibody effect and the extent of slowing of inactivation were voltage-dependent. Antibody binding was more rapid at negative potentials, at which sodium channels are not inactivated; antibody-induced slowing of inactivation was greater during depolarizations to more positive membrane potentials. The peptide segment recognized by this antibody appears to participate directly in rapid sodium channel inactivation during large depolarizations and to undergo a conformational change that reduces its accessibility to antibodies as the channel inactivates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vassilev, P M -- Scheuer, T -- Catterall, W A -- NS 15751/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 23;241(4873):1658-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2458625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Cytoplasm/analysis ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Membrane Potentials ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/*metabolism ; Rats ; Sodium/*metabolism
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-03-25
    Description: The production of therapeutic human monoclonal antibodies by hybridoma technology has proved difficult, and this has prompted the "humanizing" of mouse monoclonal antibodies by recombinant DNA techniques. It was shown previously that the binding site for a small hapten could be grafted from the heavy-chain variable domain of a mouse antibody to that of a human myeloma protein by transplanting the hypervariable loops. It is now shown that a large binding site for a protein antigen (lysozyme) can also be transplanted from mouse to human heavy chain. The success of such constructions may be facilitated by an induced-fit mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verhoeyen, M -- Milstein, C -- Winter, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Mar 25;239(4847):1534-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2451287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Binding, Competitive ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Recombinant ; Epitopes/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/genetics/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muramidase/*immunology ; Plasmids ; Recombinant Proteins ; Transfection
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-09
    Description: Many newly synthesized proteins must be translocated across a membrane to reach their final destinations. Translocation requires a signal on the protein itself, a loose conformation of the protein, energy, and receptor-like components in the cytosol and on the target membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verner, K -- Schatz, G -- CBY-1 1 R01 GM37803-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 9;241(4871):1307-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2842866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Endopeptidases/physiology ; Intracellular Membranes/*metabolism ; *Membrane Proteins ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Sorting Signals/physiology ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; *Serine Endopeptidases
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-03-25
    Description: The low population densities and impermanent settlements of Amazonian Indians are often interpreted as adaptations to a fauna that offers limited protein resources and is rapidly depleted by hunting. Data spanning the 10-year life cycle of one northwestern Amazonian settlement show that variations in hunt yields result from temporal variations in peccary (Tayassu pecari and T. tajacu) kills that appear extrinsic to native population size. After 10 years, hunting success remained high and the kill rates for most prey did not suggest depletion. An array of environmental factors accounts for the incipient settlement relocation observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vickers, W T -- 1FOL MH58552-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Mar 25;239(4847):1521-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology and Sociology, Florida International University, Miami 33199.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3353699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cultural Characteristics ; *Culture ; Ecuador ; *Food Supply ; Humans ; *Indians, South American ; Meat ; Population Density
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: Biochemical and electrophysiological studies suggest that adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent phosphorylation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel is functionally significant because it modifies the receptor's rate of desensitization to acetylcholine. In studies that support this conclusion researchers have used forskolin to stimulate cAMP-dependent phosphorylation in intact muscle. It is now shown that although forskolin facilitated desensitization in voltage-clamped rat muscle, this effect was not correlated with the abilities of forskolin and forskolin analogs to activate adenylate cyclase or phosphorylate the receptor. Furthermore, elevation of intracellular cAMP or addition of the catalytic subunit of A-kinase failed to alter desensitization. Therefore, in intact skeletal muscle, cAMP-dependent phosphorylation does not modulate desensitization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wagoner, P K -- Pallotta, B S -- GM32211/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1655-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Glaxo Research Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2454507" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Colforsin/*pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Electric Conductivity ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Kinetics ; Muscles/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Receptors, Cholinergic/drug effects/*physiology ; Torpedo/metabolism
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 1988-04-15
    Description: A new type of agonist-binding subunit of rat neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) was identified. Rat genomic DNA and complementary DNA encoding this subunit (alpha 2) were cloned and analyzed. Complementary DNA expression studies in Xenopus oocytes revealed that the injection of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for alpha 2 and beta 2 (a neuronal nAChR subunit) led to the generation of a functional nAChR. In contrast to the other known neuronal nAChRs, the receptor produced by the injection of alpha 2 and beta 2 mRNAs was resistant to the alpha-neurotoxin Bgt3.1. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that alpha 2 mRNA was expressed in a small number of regions, in contrast to the wide distribution of the other known agonist-binding subunits (alpha 3 and alpha 4) mRNAs. These results demonstrate that the alpha 2 subunit differs from other known agonist-binding alpha-subunits of nAChRs in its distribution in the brain and in its pharmacology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wada, K -- Ballivet, M -- Boulter, J -- Connolly, J -- Wada, E -- Deneris, E S -- Swanson, L W -- Heinemann, S -- Patrick, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 15;240(4850):330-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2832952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*metabolism ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Female ; *Genes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nucleotide Mapping ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-05-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waldman, S A -- Leitman, D C -- Andresen, J -- Murad, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 6;240(4853):805-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2896389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Guanylate Cyclase/*isolation & purification ; Immunoassay ; Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Zeins, the storage proteins of maize, are totally lacking in the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan. Lysine codons and lysine- and tryptophan-encoding oligonucleotides were introduced at several positions into a 19-kilodalton zein complementary DNA by oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis. A 450-base pair open reading frame from a simian virus 40 (SV40) coat protein was also engineered into the zein coding region. Messenger RNAs for the modified zeins were synthesized in vitro with an SP6 RNA polymerase system and injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. The modifications did not affect the translation, signal peptide cleavage, or stability of the zeins. The ability of the modified zeins to assemble into structures similar to maize protein bodies was assayed by two criteria: assembly into membrane-bound vesicles resistant to exogenously added protease, and ability to self-aggregate into dense structures. All of the modified zeins were membrane-bound; only the one containing a 17-kilodalton SV40 protein fragment was unable to aggregate. These findings suggest that it may be possible to create high-lysine corn by genetic engineering.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, J C -- Galili, G -- Kawata, E E -- Cuellar, R E -- Shotwell, M A -- Larkins, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):662-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2834822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Genetic Engineering ; *Lysine/genetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Simian virus 40/genetics ; Xenopus laevis ; Zea mays ; Zein/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-09
    Description: The mammalian cerebral cortex is organized into columns of cells with common functional properties. During embryogenesis, cortical neurons are formed deep, near the lateral ventricles, and migrate radially to their final position. This observation led to the suggestion that the cortex consists of radial, ontogenetic units of clonally related neurons. In the experiments reported here, this hypothesis was tested by studying cell lineage in the rat cortex with a retroviral vector carrying the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene, which can be easily visualized. Labeled, clonally related cortical neurons did not occur in simple columnar arrays. Instead, clonally related neurons entered several different radial columns, apparently by migrating along different radial glial fibers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, C -- Cepko, C L -- EY07331-01/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS 23021-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 9;241(4871):1342-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3137660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Movement ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*embryology ; Clone Cells ; Neuroglia/physiology ; Rats ; Transfection ; beta-Galactosidase/metabolism
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 10;240(4858):1397-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3375824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Mauritania ; Rift Valley Fever/*epidemiology/transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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