ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary, Third Edition provides a comprehensive overview of the methods of paleoclimatic reconstruction and of the historical changes in climate during the past three million years. This thoroughly updated and revised text systematically examines each type of proxy and elucidates the major attributes and the limitations of each. This essential text provides a complete overview of the methods used in paleoclimatology. Paleoclimatology, Third Edition provides necessary context for those interested in understanding climate changes at present, and how present trends in climate compare with changes that have occurred in the past. The text is richly illustrated and includes an extensive bibliography for further research.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction -- A vision of a science of economics -- Empirical relevance -- Qualitative response models -- A cross-section analysis of an economic theory -- Theory-data confrontations with time-series data -- An analysis of positively valued economic time-series -- Non-linear cointegration in foreign exchange -- Scientific explanation in economics and econometrics -- Bridge principles and theory in applied econometrics

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Using Natural Archives to Track Sources and Long-Term Trends of Pollution: An Introduction / Jules M. Blais, Michael R. Rosen and John P. Smol. - The Influence of Hydrology on Lacustrine Sediment Contaminant Records / Michael R. Rosen. - The Stability of Metal Profiles in Freshwater and Marine Sediments / P. M. Outridge and F. Wang. - Calculating Rates and Dates and Interpreting Contaminant Profiles in Biomixed Sediments / Zou Zou A. Kuzyk, Robie W. Macdonald and Sophia C. Johannessen. - Contaminants in Marine Sedimentary Deposits from Coal Fly Ash During the Latest Permian Extinction / Hamed Sanei, Stephen E. Grasby and Benoit Beauchamp. - Lake Sediment Records of Preindustrial Metal Pollution / Colin A. Cooke and Richard Bindler. - Lacustrine Archives of Metals from Mining and Other Industrial Activities - A Geochemical Approach / John Boyle, Richard Chiverrell and Dan Schillereff. - Organic Pollutants in Sediment Core Archives / Jennifer B. Korosi, Wenhan Cheng and Jules M. Blais. - Environmental Archives of Contaminant Particles / Neil L. Rose and Meri Ruppel. - Tracking Long-range Atmospheric Transport of Contaminants in Arctic Regions Using Lake Sediments / Jane Kirk and Amber Gleason. - Tracking Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Trace Metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Organohalogen Compounds Using Lake Sediments of Mountain Regions / Jordi Catalan. - Using Peat Records as Natural Archives of Past Atmospheric Metal Deposition / Sophia V. Hansson, Richard Bindler and François De Vleeschouwer. - Historical Contaminant Records from Sclerochronological Archives / Jessica Carilli, Branwen Williams, Bernd R. Schöne, Richard A. Krause and Stewart J. Fallon. - Contaminant Records in Ice Cores / Paolo Gabrielli and Paul Vallelonga. - Use of Catalogued Long-term Biological Collections and Samples for Determining Changes in Contaminant Exposure to Organisms / Linda M. Campbell and Paul E. Drevnick. - Tracking Contaminant Transport From Biovectors / Roland Kallenborn and Jules M. Blais. - Using Natural Archives to Track Sources and Long-Term Trends of Pollution: Some Final Thoughts and Suggestions for Future Directions / Jules M. Blais, Michael R. Rosen and John P. Smol. - Index.

Description / Table of Contents: The human footprint on the global environment now touches every corner of the world. This book explores the myriad ways that environmental archives can be used to study the distribution and long-term trajectories of chemical contaminants. The volume first focuses on reviews that examine the integrity of the historic record, including factors related to hydrology, post-depositional diffusion, and mixing processes. This is followed by a series of chapters dealing with the diverse archives and methodologies available for long-term studies of environmental pollution, such as the use of sediments, ice cores, sclerochronology, and museum specimens.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; Essay by Sunita Narain ; Forests and wildlife ; Urbanisation ; Land and agriculture ; Water and sanitation ; Health ; Air pollution, transport and mobility ; Environmental governance ; Climate change ; Listings

Description / Table of Contents: The superposition of stratified rocks is an unmistakable manifestation of the history of sedimentary processes through deep time. However, the relationship between the preserved strata of the rock record and the passage of geological time, indisputable in principle, is unknowable in detail; incompleteness is an essential property of the record. That gaps exist at all scales in sedimentary successions is easily demonstrated from consideration of sediment accumulation rates, and expectations of continuity and completeness at any scale are correspondingly inadvisable. Locating and quantifying the gaps in the record is, however, very much less straightforward. Predictive modelling of strata - essential for their practical exploitation - requires such geohistorical understanding, yet over-simplified assumptions about how time is represented in rock can still lead to inadequate or even false conclusions. The contributions to this volume describe a range of practical studies, theoretical investigations, and numerical experiments in which the nature of the strata-time relationship is explored. Content: Strata and time: probing the gaps in our understanding -- Updating uniformitarianism: stratigraphy as just a set of 'frozen accidents' -- GSSPs, global stratigraphy and correlation -- Scaling laws for aggradation, denudation and progradation rates: the case for time-scale invariance at sediment sources and sinks -- The power-law attributes of stratigraphic layering and their possible significance -- The importance of doing nothing: stasis in sedimentation systems and its stratigraphic effects -- Investigating the occurrence of hierarchies of cyclicity in platform carbonates -- Cyclostratigraphy: data filtering as a source of spurious spectral peaks -- Stratigraphic continuity and fragmentary sedimentation: the success of cyclostratigraphy as part of integrated stratigraphy -- Synthesis of time-stratigraphic relationships and their impact on hydrocarbon reservoir distribution and performance, Bridport Sand Formation, Wessex Basin, UK -- 4D Wheeler diagrams: concept and applications -- Using the voids to fill tthe gaps: caves, time, and stratigraphy -- More gaps than shale: erosion of mud and its effect on preserved geochemical and palaeobiological signals -- More gap than record? Qualitative and quantitative assessment of stratigraphic gaps in a field based study, with examples from the Lower Silurian Pentamerus Beds of Shropshire, England and the Lower Ordovician Ribband Gp of County Wexford, Ireland -- British Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) coal-bearing sequences: where is the time? -- Use of carbon accumulation rates to estimate the duration of coal seams and the influence of atmospheric dust deposition on coal composition.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Executive Summary ; 1 Demand ; 2 Supply ; 3 Crude Trade ; 4 Refining and Product Supply ; 5 Sea Change in Bunker Fuels ; 6 Tables

Description / Table of Contents: Content: Intro & Welcome. - Introduction. - Campus Map. - Location & Dinner. - Excursions. - Natural and cultural heritage of Potsdam by bike / Bernhard Diekmann. - Quaternary geology and geomorphology by bus / Olaf Juschus. - Scientific programme. - Schedule - Overview. - Programme - Tuesday. - Programme - Thursday. - Programme - Friday. - Poster Session 1. - Sediment cores from innter Upernavik Isfjord: preliminary results / Amalie E. Cordua et al. - A younger dryas glacier readvance/retreat on Greenland's north coast, and notes on the ice sheet's response to YD cooling/warming / Svend Funder et al. - The Fast Full Stokes solver - an accurate, efficient and flexible tool for palaeo-ice sheet simulations / Josefin Ahlkrona et al. - Model of the late glacial Svalbard Ice Sheet using a coupled approximation of the full Stokes method / Evan James Gowan et al. - Numerically modelling the growth and collapse of the Barents Sea ice sheet / Henry Patton et al. - Late Weichselian and deglacial ice sheet configurations and dynamics inferred from submarine landforms and sediment cores in north-eastern Svalbard / Anne Elina Flink et al. - Ice stream dynamics and its implications on the sedimentary processes on the continental shelf edge and slope north of Nordaustlandes, Svalbard / Oscar Jacob Fransner. - Geomorphological reconstruction of the dynamics of a SW Greenland tidewater glacier through the Holocene / James Lea. - Modeling the response of two neighbouring Svalbard ice streams to similar climate forcing / James Lea et al. - Tentative age model of marine glacial landforms and related glaciations on the East Siberian and Chukchi margins / Frank Niessen et al. - Glacimarine sediment facies and morphology of the Disko Bugt trough Mouth fan, West Greenland / Colm O'Cofaigh et al. - A new quaternary sediment sequence from the eastern Mendeleev Ridge: preliminary stratigraphic subdivision based on IRD and microfossil records / Ekaterina Taldenkova et al. - A number of several warmer spells noted on eastern Svalbard during Younger Dryas - a bidecadal resolution of paleoceanographic record of Atlantic Water variability / Magdalena Lacka et al. - Quantitative micropalaeontological and sedimentary facies analysis of surface samples from the Lomonosov Ridge / Mike Marcell Zwick et al. - Specificities of sea surface evolution across the last two interglacial cycles in the southwestern Nordic Seas - a comparison / Anastasia Zhuravleva et al. - Early Holocene Atlantic Water advection and ice coverage in the Arctic Gateway / Robert F. Spielhagen et al. - Mid to late Holocene palaeoceanographic evolution of the East Greenland Current based on foraminiferal assemblage data / Kerstin Perner et al. - Past environmental variability in the eastern Fram Strait from the early deglaciation to the early Holocene reconstructed from benthic microfossils and IRD records / Yaroslav Ovsepyan. - Present and past flow regime on contourite drifts west of Spitsbergen: preliminary results from Eurofleet 2 PREPARED cruise (June 2014) / Renata G. Lucchi. - Late Quaternary central Arctic Ocean sea-ice variability: First results from biomarker studies of RV Polarstern Cruise PS87 sediment cores / Anne Kremer et al. - Mid to Late Holocene evolution of sea ice distribution and primary production on the East Greenland Shelf and the NW Fram Strait / Henriette Kolling et al. - The western Laptev Sea: High-resolution sea ice distribution and river run-off variability from post-glacial to present / Tanja Hörner et al. - Holocene modulations in the Earth's largest ice and freshwater pathway - the East Greenland Current / Christian Valdemar Dylmer et al. - Late Quaternary sediment supply variability at the Mendeleev Ridge (Arctic Ocean): Insights from grain-size distribution and ice-rafted debris composition / Evgenia Bazhenova et al. - First insights into pre-glacial Pleistocene environments in the Arctic Ocean / Leonid Polyak et al. - Poster Session 2. - Analysis of radiocarbon dates collected from the Holocene raised beach sequences on Svalbard and Franz Josef Land / Michail Anisimov et al. -Reconstruction of postglacial environmental changes at the eastern Laptev Sea continental margin / Nataliya Chistyakova et al. -Late Holocene environmental ice core record from Akademii Nauk ice cap (Severnaya Zemlya) / Diedrich Fritzsche et al. -K Fjord-head delta progradation and permafrost aggradation interpreted from a 60 m frozen sediment core, Adventdalen, Svalbard / Graham Lewis Gilbert et al. -Geochronologic challenges related to spatial and temporal discontinuities of sediments in permafrost environments: the case of Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky, Siberian Arctic / Margret Christine Fuchs et al. -Late Pleistocene and Holocene ice-rich permafrost in the Colville River valley, northern Alaska / Guido Grosse et al. -Biomarker records from the eastern continental margin off Kamchatka Peninsula and Eastern Siberia on deglacial variations in sea surface temperature, air temperature, provenance and terrestrial residence times of terrigenous organic matter in Beringia / Vera Meyer et al. -Validity of the MIS 2 glacial border in the NW Canadian Arctic based on comparing the on- and off-shore clay mineral composition / Georg Schwamborn et al. -Summer and winter proxy data from Ice Complex features in East Siberia dating back to 200 kyr / Sebastian Wetterich et al. -Thermokarst lake history and stable tundra vegetation since the 18th century in a Low Arctic setting, Yukon Territory, Canada / Juliane Wolter et al. -International Permafrost Association / Karina Schollaen et al. -Paleogeographical investigations along the Yukon Coast / Hugues Lantuit et al. - Abstracts & Adresses. - Abstracts. - The fast full stokes solver - an accurate, efficient and flexible tool for palaeo-ice sheet simulations / J. Ahlkrona et al. - Lagoons, beaches and sea-level change on NW Svalbard / H. Alexanderson et al. - Analysis of radiocarbon dates collected from the Holocene raised beach sequences on Svalbard and Franz Josef Land / M. Anisimov et al. - Late Quaternary glaciation of arctic and subarctic Urals / V. Astakhov. - Spatial shifts in North Eurasian ice sheet extent since the Middle Pleistocene / H. A. Bauch et al. - Late Quaternary sediment supply variability at the Mendeleev Ridge (Arctic Ocean): Insights from grain-size distribution and ice-rafted debris composition / E. Bazhenova et al. - Environmental variability in northeastern Siberia inferred from lake sediment records / B. K. Biskaborn et al. - The influence of subglacial hydrology on glacial dynamics during deglaciation of the central Barents Sea / L. R. Bjarnadottir et al. - Reconstruction of postglacial environmental changes at the eastern Laptev Sea continental margin / N. Chistyakova et al. - Sediment cores from inner Upernaviklsfjord: preliminary results / A. E. Cordua et al. - Arctic productivity and orbital climate cycles / T. M. Cronin et al. - Variability of the northward flux of North Atlantic waters though Fram Strait during the Holocene / A. de Vernal et al. - Applications of cavity ring-down spectroscopy to paleoclimate, including high-precision analysis of the triple oxygen isotopes in water and water vapor / K. J. Dennis et al. - Holocene modulations in the earth's largest ice and freshwater pathway - the East Greenland Current / C. Dylmer et al. - Late Weichselian and deglacial ice sheet configurations and dynamics inferred from submarine landforms and sediment cores in north-eastern Svalbard / A. E. Flink et al. - Ice stream dynamics and its implications on the sedimentary processes on the continental shelf edge and slope north of Nordaustlandes, Svalbard / O. Fransner et al. - Ice wedge polygon development on different temporal and spatial scales in the northern Yukon, Canada / M. Fritz et al. - Late Holocene environmental ice core record from Akademii Nauk ice cap (Severnaya Zemlya) / D. Fritzsche et al. - Geochronologic challenges related to spatial and temporal discontinuities of sediments in permafrost environments: the case of Bol'shoy Lyakhosky, Siberian Arctic / M. C. Fuchs et al. - A younger dryas glacier readvance/retreat on Greenland's north coast, and notes on the ice sheet's response to YD cooling/warming / S. Funder et al. - Fjord-head delta progradation and permafrost aggradation interpreted from a 60 m frozen sediment core, Adventdalen, Svalbard / G. L. Gilbert et al. - Model of the late glacial Svalbard Ice Sheet using a coupled approximation of the full Stokes method / E. J. Gowan et al. - Late Pleistocene and Holocene ice-rich permafrost in the Colville River valley, northern Alaska / G. Grosse et al. - The Batagay mega thaw slump, Yana Uplands, Yakutia, Russia: permafrost thaw dynamics on decadal time scale / F. Günther et al. - The western Laptev Sea: High-resolution sea ice distribution and river run-off variability from post-glacial to present / T. Hörner et al. - Deglaciation of the last Scandinavian-Barents ice sheet and variations in the Atlantic water inflow into the Barents Sea / E. Ivanova et al. - Onland deglaciation and provenance changes in SW Barents Sea sediments over the Late Glacial-Holocene / E. Kaparulina et al. - Climate controlled variability of an Arctic sea ice fabric / J. Knies et al. - Mid to Late Holocene evolution of sea ice distribution and primary production on the East Greenland Shelf and the NW Fram Strait / H. Kolling et al. - Late Quaternary central Arctic Ocean sea-ice variability: first results from biomarker studies of RV Polarstern Cruise PS87 sediment cores / A. Kremer et al. - Pleistocene-Holocene terrestrial palaeoenvironmental changes at the New Siberian Islands and adjacent areas (Arctic Siberia) / T. V. Kuznetsova et al. - A number of several warmer spells noted on eastern Svalbard during Younger Dryas - a bidecadal resolution of paleoceanographic record of Atlantic Water variability / M. Lacka et al. - Paleogeographical investigations along the Yukon Coast / H. Lantuit et al. - Modelling the response of two neighbouring Svalbard ice streams to similar climate forcing / J. M. Lea et al. - Geomorphological reconstruction of the dynamics of a SW Greenland tidewater glacier through the Holocene / J. M. Lea. - Past landscape and permafrost dynamics in Arctic Alaska based on sedimentary records / J. Lenz et al. - Present and past flow regime on contourite drifts west of Spitzbergen: preliminary results from Eurofleet 2 PREPARED cruise (June 2014) / R. G. Lucchi et al. - Evidence of the deep marine record of the MWP-1a on the NW-Barents Sea continental margin: Support from palaeomagnetic data / R. G. Lucchi. - Ice stream dynamics during deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet / M. Margold et al. - Biomarker records from the eastern continental margin off Kamchatka Peninsula and Eastern Siberia on deglacial variations in sea surface temperature, aire temperature, provenance and terrestrial residence times of terrigenous organic matter in Beringia / V. D. Meyer et al. - Permafrost history and environmental change at the margin of Beringia and the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, western Arctic Canada / J. Murton. - Postglacial environments of Nettilling Lake basin (Baffin Island, Canada) inferred by the geochemical and biological proxies / B. Narancic et al. - Tentative age model of marine glacial landforms and related glaciations on the East Siberian and Chukchi margins / F. Niessen et al. - Deglaciation of the Svalbard-Barents Sea ice sheet in the northern Barents Sea, East of Svalbard / R. Noormets et al. - The appearance of pollen on the archipelago Franz-Josef Land of the Arctic Ocean / E. Nosevich et al. - Glacimarine sediment facies and morphology of the Disko Bugt trough Mouth Fan, West Greenland / C. O'Cofaigh et al. - Ice-wedge record of Arctic winter temperatures over the past two millennia - long-term and recent warming in the Siberian Laptev Sea region / T. Opel et al. - Past environmental variability in the eastern Fram Strait from the early deglaciation to the early Holocene reconstructed from benthic microfossils and IRD records / Ya. Ovsepyan et al. - Numerically modelling the growth and collapse of the Barents Sea ice sheet / H. Patton et al. - Mid to late Holocene palaeoceanographic evolution of the East Greenland current based on foraminiferal assemblage data / K. Perner et al. - First insights into pre-glacial Pleistocene environments in the Arctic Ocean / L. Polyak et al. - Future priorities for Arctic Research / V. Rachold. - Early thinning and recession of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet in southernmost Norway - new chronological constraints from cosmogenic 10Be-dates / A. Romundset et al. - The International Permafrost Association: current initiatives for cryospheric research / K. Schollaen et al. - Validity of the MIS 2 glacial border in the NW Canadian Arctic based on comparing the on- and offshore clay mineral composition / G. Schwamborn et al. - Variability of late Holocene ocean and atmosphere circulation in the Labrador Sea and North Atlantic region - or why that which does not fit, fits extra well! / M.-S. Seidenkrantz et al. - Early Holocene atlantic water advection and ice coverage in the Arctic Gateway / R. F. Spielhagen et al.

Description / Table of Contents: The geomorphological and sedimentary record of the Holocene evolution of Jakobshavn Ibrae in Disko Bay, West Greenland / K. Streuff et al. - Catastrophic events shaping Arctic coasts - impact of tsunamis and ice-berg roll waves on coastal evolution in Greenland / M. C. Strzelecki et al. - A new Quaternary sediment sequence from the eastern Mendeleev Ridge: preliminary stratigraphic subdivision based on IRD and microfossil records / E. Taldenkova et al. - Timing and frequency of glacigenic debris flows on the Bear Island Fan - implications for the growth and decay of the Barents ice sheet / E. Pope et al. - The last northern hemispheric deglaciation: missing ice, data / model challenges, and opportunities / T. Tarasov. - Development of northern Nordic Seas deep convection during the Holocene - implications from surface and bottom water foraminiferal [Delta]13C records / M. M. Telesinski et al. - Summer and winter proxy data from ice complex features in East Siberia dating back to 200 kyr / S. Wetterich et al. - Thermokarst lake history and stable tundra vegetation since the 18th century in a low Arctic setting, Yukon territory, Canada / J. Wolter et al. - Specificites of sea surface evolution across the last two interglacial cycles in the southwestern Nordic Seas - a comparison / A. Zhuravleva et al. - Quantitative micropalaeontological and sedimentary facies analysis of surface samples from the Lomonosov Ridge / M. Zwick et al. - Index of authors. - List of participants.

Description / Table of Contents: PAST Gateways (Past Spatial and Temporal Gateways) is an IASC-endorsed network, with the scientific goal to understand and reconstruct Arctic environmental changes during the period preceding instrumental records and across decadal to millennial timescales. The focus of the six-year programme is on the nature and significance of Arctic spatial and temporal gateways, with an emphasis on the transistions between major Late Cenozoic climate events such as interglacial to full glacial and full glacial to deglacial states, as well as more recent Holocene fluctuations.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Section 1 Sub-Saharan Africa ; Perspectives on Climate Effects on Agriculture: The International Efforts of AgMIP in Sub-Saharan Africa ; Climate Change Impacts on West African Agriculture: An Integrated Regional Assessment (CIWARA) ; Impacts of Climate Variability and Change on Agricultural Systems in East Africa ; Projected Impacts of Climate Change Scenarios on the Production of Maize in Southern Africa: An Integrated Assessment Case Study of the Bethlehem District, Central Free State, South Africa ; Crop-Livestock Intensification in the Face of Climate Change: Exploring Opportunities to Reduce Risk and Increase Resilience in Southern Africa by Using an Integrated Multi-modeling Approach ; Section 2 South Asia ; Integrated Assessments of the Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture: An Overview of AgMIP Regional Research in South Asia ; Impact of Climate Change on the Rice-Wheat Cropping System of Pakistan ; Integrated Climate Change Assessment through Linking Crop Simulation with Economic Modeling - Results from the Indo-Gangetic Basin ; Integrated Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Maize Farms and Farm Household Incomes in South India: A Case Study from Tamil Nadu ; Climate Change Impacts on Rice Farming Systems in Northwestern Sri Lanka ; Section 3 Other AgMIP Regions ; AgMIP Regional Activities in a Global Framework: The Brazil Experience ; AgMIP Regional Activities in a Global Framework: The China Experience ; Section 4 Capacity Building and Outreach ; AgMIP Training in Multiple Crop Models and Tools ; Conclusion: Major Findings and Future Activities

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Executive summary ; Chapter 1. Taking stock of reform action and identifying priorities in 2015 ; Chapter 2. The effect of pro-growth structural reforms on income inequality ; Chapter 3. Pro-growth structural reforms, the environment and environmental policies ; Chapter 4. Going for Growth ten years after: Taking a longer perspective on reform action ; Chapter 5. Country notes ; Chapter 6. Structural policy indicators

Description / Table of Contents: This volume highlights key challenges for fluid-flow prediction in carbonate reservoirs, the approaches currently employed to address these challenges and developments in fundamental science and technology. The papers span methods and case studies that highlight workflows and emerging technologies in the fields of geology, geophysics, petrophysics, reservoir modelling and computer science. Topics include: detailed pore-scale studies that explore fundamental processes and applications of imaging and flow modelling at the pore scale; case studies of diagenetic processes with complementary perspectives from reactive transport modelling; novel methods for rock typing; petrophysical studies that investigate the impact of diagenesis and fault-rock properties on acoustic signatures; mechanical modelling and seismic imaging of faults in carbonate rocks; modelling geological influences on seismic anisotropy; novel approaches to geological modelling; methods to represent key geological details in reservoir simulations and advances in computer visualization, analytics and interactions for geoscience and engineering.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I: The economics of happiness and its most important results ; 1 The end of materialism? ; 2 Economists' way of thinking: 'More is better than less' ; 3 The Easterlin attack ; 4 If money doesn't make us happy, what then? ; 5 The economic determinants of happiness ; 6 What is to be done if money doesn't make us happy? ; Part II: What is happiness research telling us? ; 7 Are we measuring correctly? ; 8 How much truth is there in the Easterlin paradox? ; 9 Unemployed and happy? ; 10 The importance of relative position ; 11 Conclusion

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. What is functional programming? ; 2. Expressions, types and values ; 3. Numbers ; 4. Lists ; 5. A simple Sudoku solver ; 6. Proofs ; 7. Efficiency ; 8. Pretty-printing ; 9. Infinite lists ; 10. Imperative functional programming ; 11. Parsing ; 12. A simple equational calculator

Description / Table of Contents: This volume provides a synopsis of current research on volcanic processes, as gained through the use ofpalaeomagnetic and rock magnetic techniques. Thermoremanent magnetization information provides apowerful means of deciphering thermal processes in volcanic deposits, including estimating the emplacementtemperature of pyroclastic deposits, which allows us to understand better the rates of coolingduring eruption and transport. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and anisotropy of remanence areused primarily to investigate rock fabrics and to quantify flow dynamics in dykes, lava flows, and pyroclasticdeposits, as well as identify vent locations. Rock-magnetic characteristics allow correlation of volcanicdeposits, but also provide means to date volcanic deposits and to understand better their cooling history.Because lava flows are typically good recorders of past magnetic fields, data from them allow understandingof changes in geomagnetic field directions and intensity, providing clues on the origin of Earth's magneticfield.

Description / Table of Contents: Ohne Unterstützung durch IT-Verfahren ist eine Aufgabenwahrnehmung in öffentlichen Institutionen heute schwer vorstellbar. Dabei werden technologiegetriebene Prozesse durch zunehmende E-Government-Aktivitäten weiter an Bedeutung gewinnen.Wie Sie Prüfungen von IT-Verfahren effizient ausgestalten, stellt die "Fachgruppe ERP in öffentlichen Institutionen" im DIIR e.V. erstmals im Detail zusammen. Das dargestellte Vorgehensmodell umfasst sowohl eine Bestandsaufnahme als auch Fragen zu den vorhandenen Schnittstellen. Ein umfassender Überblick über:- Wesentliche Prüfungsaspekte bei der Revision von IT-Verfahren,- Herausforderungen durch Datenschutz und dessen Einhaltung,- Implikationen aus Prüfungsergebnissen und daraus abzuleitende Empfehlungen.Die Erläuterungen zu den vorgeschlagenen Prüfungsfragen bieten fundierte Anregungen für die professionelle Prüfungsdurchführung, auch für Einsteiger. Das Vorgehensmodell ist praxiserprobt und erlaubt, u.a. mit Hilfe nützlicher Checklisten, eine schnelle Übertragung auf die eigene Organisation.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Einleitung ; 2. Stand der Forschung ; 3. Analytischer Rahmen ; 4. Hintergründe des Gegenstandes ; 5. Methode ; 6. Ergebnisse ; 7. Reflexion der Ergebnisse ; 8. Fazit und Ausblick

Description / Table of Contents: This book comprehensively introduces the drilling theory and practice behind CCSD-1 well drilling, the first stage of a key national scientific engineering project of China. In addition to access to variety of data and information accumulated decade during the project's decade-long operation, readers also gain insight into state-of-the-art techniques and most recent achievements in China's scientific drilling industry. Specifically, this work introduces the drilling engineering design, well site construction, and equipment and construction situation. It also provides a minute description on the new techniques that were developed for tackling the technical difficulties, expounds in detail the core drilling techniques for hard rock deep well, and treats diamond core drill bits, reaming drilling techniques in hard crystalline rocks, well-deviation control techniques for strong dipping strata, and much more. In summary, this book offers a valuable resource for engineers and technicians who engage in scientific drilling and a variety of resource drilling engineering; teachers and students who are interested in this field will also gain plentiful information. Prof. Da Wang, the former deputy director of China Geological Survey, was the director of the Engineering Centre, chief engineer and drill-site general director of China Continental Scientific Drilling Project.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction: Globalization and Inequality ; Chapter 1 Global Inequality ; Appendix to Chapter 1 Detailed Evidence on the Recent Changes in Global Inequality ; Chapter 2 Are Countries Becoming More Unequal? ; Chapter 3 Globalization and the Forces behind the Rise in Inequality ; Chapter 4 Toward a Fair Globalization: Prospects and Principles ; Chapter 5 Which Policies for a Fairer Globalization? ; Conclusion Globalizing Equality?

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: PART I: MEDIATION ANALYSIS ; Chapter 1. Explanation and Mechanism ; Chapter 2. Mediation: Introduction and Regression-Based Approaches ; Chapter 3. Sensitivity Analysis for Mediation ; Chapter 4. Mediation Analysis with Survival Data ; Chapter 5. Multiple Mediators ; Chapter 6. Mediation Analysis with Time-Varying Exposures and Mediators ; Chapter 7. Selected Topics in Mediation Analysis ; Chapter 8. Other Topics Related to Intermediates ; PART II: INTERACTION ANALYSIS ; Chapter 9. An Introduction to Interaction Analysis ; Chapter 10. Mechanistic Interaction ; Chapter 11. Bias Analysis for Interactions ; Chapter 12. Interaction in Genetics: Independence and Boosting Power ; Chapter 13. Power and Sample-Size Calculations for Interaction Analysis ; PART III: SYNTHESIS AND SPILLOVER EFFECTS ; Chapter 14. A Unification of Mediation and Interaction ; Chapter 15. Social Interactions and Spillover Effects ; Chapter 16. Mediation and Interaction: Future and Context ; Appendix. Technical Details and Proofs ; References

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction, fundamental definitions and motivation; 2. Concepts and elementary theory; 3. Reference systems and frames 4. Observational techniques: ephemerides; 5. Rigid Earth precession and nutation; 6. Deformable Earth and Love numbers; 7. Nutations of a non-rigid Earth; 8. Anelasticity; 9. Ocean and atmospheric corrections; 10. Refinements of nonrigid nutation; 11. Comparison observation-theory; 12. Conventions; 13. Mars nutations; Appendix A. Rotation representation; Appendix B. Clairaut theory; Appendix C. Definitions of equinoxes; Bibliography; Index.

Description / Table of Contents: Covering both astronomical and geophysical perspectives, this book describes changes in the Earth's orientation, specifically precession and nutation, and how they are observed and computed in terms of tidal forcing and models of the Earth's interior. Following an introduction to key concepts and elementary geodetic theory, the book describes how precise measurements of the Earth's orientation are made using observations of extra-galactic radio-sources by Very Long Baseline Interferometry techniques. It demonstrates how models are used to accurately pinpoint the location and orientation of the Earth with reference to the stars and how to determine variations in its rotation speed. A theoretical framework is also presented that describes the role played by the structure and properties of the Earth's deep interior. Incorporating suggestions for future developments in nutation theory for the next generation models, this book is ideal for advanced-level students and researchers in solid Earth geophysics, planetary science and astronomy.

Description / Table of Contents: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort. - Inhaltsverzeichnis. - Zusammenfassung. - Summary. - 1. Einführung. - 2. Problemstellung. - 3. Arbeitsgebiete. - 3.1. Norwegische Finnmark (Finnmarksküste und Finnmarksvidda). - 3.1.1. Karlebotn - Varangerbotn. - 3.1.2. Bugöyfjord - Neiden. - 3.1.3. Skallelv - Komagelv. - 3.1.4. Lakselv -Kistrand. - 3.1.5. Börselv. - 3.1.6. Sennaland. - 3.1.7. Gargia - Grönåsen. - 3.1.8. Corgosjokka. - 3.1.9. Bidjovagge - Stuorajavri. - 3.1.10. Vuoddasjåkka - Cuovdatmåkki. - 3.2. Schwedisches Hochgebirge (Skanden und östliches Vorland). - 3.2.1. Abisko - Björkliden. - 3.2.2. Staloluokta (Padjelanta). - 3.2.3. Råstojaure - Kilpisjärvi. - 3.2.4. Tavvavuoma-Pulsujärvi. - 4. Permafrosthügel-Morphodynamik. - 4.1. Palsas (Segregationseishügel). - 4.1.1. Verbreitung. - 4.1.2. Bauplan. - 4.1.3. Aggradation und Degradation. - 4.1.4. Entwicklungsverlauf. - 4.2. Pingoähnliche Hügel (Injektionseishügel). - 4.2.1. Verbreitung. - 4.2.2. Bauplan. - 4.2.3. Aggradation und Degradation. - 4.2.4. Entwicklungsverlauf. - 4.3. Mehrjährige Frostblister (Injektionseishügel). - 4.3.1. Verbreitung. - 4.3.2. Bauplan. - 4.3.3. Aggradation und Degradation. - 4.3.4. Entwicklungsverlauf. - 5. Kontrollfaktoren der Permafrosthügel-Verbreitung. - 5.1. Klima. - 5.2. Substrat. - 5.3. Relief und Gewässer. - 5.4. Vegetation. - 6. Altersstellung der Permafrosthügel. - 7. Permafrosthügel-Klassifikation und -Terminologie. - 8. Permafrosthügel als Klimaindikatoren. - 9. Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick. - 10. Literaturverzeichnis. - 11. Kartenverzeichnis. - 11.1. Quartärgeologische Karten. - 11.2. Topographische Karten. - 12. Luftbild- und Satellitenbild-Verzeichnis. - 12.1. Luftbilder von Finnmark (NORSK LUFTFOTO OG FJERNMÅLING). - 12.2. Luftbilder von Norrbotten. - 12.3. Satellitenbilder von Finnmark und Norrbotten. - Anhang (CD) 1. Klimakurven 2. Klimatabellen & Vegetationstabellen (Stetigkeitstabellen)

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Executive summary ; Introduction ; 1. Investment policy ; 2. Investment promotion and facilitation ; 3. Competition policy ; 4. Financial market policy ; 5. Public governance ; 6. Other policies and cross-cutting issues ; Annex A: The Policy Framework for Investment ; Annex B: The Green Investment Policy Framework

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Executive summary ; Part I. Ensuring effective adaptation to climate change ; Chapter 1. Assessing national climate change adaptation ; Chapter 2. Effective monitoring and evaluation of climate change adaptation ; Chapter 3. National tools for monitoring and evaluation of climate change adaptation ; Part II. Emerging country indicators to monitor and evaluate adaptation ; Chapter 4. Proposed indicators for Kenya's Climate Change Action Plan ; Chapter 5. Goals and outcomes in the Philippines' Climate Change Action Plan ; Chapter 6. Indicators used to evaluate adaptation in the United Kingdom ; Chapter 7. Proposed indicators for monitoring the German adaptation strategy ; Chapter 8. Australia's proposed Climate Adaptation Assessment Framework ; Chapter 9. Measures and actions in France's national adaptation plan

Description / Table of Contents: Geofluids : Developments in Microthermometry, Spectroscopy, Thermodynamics, and Stable Isotopes is the definitive source on paleofluids and the migration of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins-ideal for researchers in oil and gas exploration. There's been a rapid development of new non-destructive analytical methods and interdisciplinary research that makes it difficult to find a single source of content on the subject of geofluids. Geoscience researchers commonly use multiple tools to interpret geologic problems, particularly if the problems involve fluid-rock interaction. This book perfectly combines the techniques of fluid inclusion microthermometry, stable isotope analyses, and various types of spectroscopy, including Raman analysis, to contribute to a thorough approach to research. Through a practical and intuitive step-by-step approach, the authors explain sample preparation, measurements, and the interpretation and analysis of data related to thermodynamics and mineral-fluid equilibria.* Features working examples in each chapter with step-by-step explanations and calculations* Broad range of case studies aid the analytical and experimental data* Includes appendices with equations of state, stable isotope fractionation equations, and Raman identification tables that aid in identification of fluid inclusion minerals* Authored by a team of expert scientists who have more than 60 years of related experience in the field and classroom combined

Description / Table of Contents: Section I: The Data 1. Who Receives a Geoscience Degree? 2. We are the 20%: Updated Statistics on Female Faculty in Earth Sciences in the U.S Section II: A Framework to Address the Issue 3. A Sociological Framework to Address Gender Parity. Section III: Successful Strategies to Address the Issue 4. Best Practices to Achieve Gender Parity: Lessons Learned from NSF s ADVANCE and Similar Programs. III. A: Institutional Strategies 5. Strategic Institutional Change to Support Advancement of Women Scientists in the Academy: Initial Lessons from a Study of ADVANCE IT Projects 6. Institutional Transformation: The Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory Experience 7. Dual Career, Flexible Faculty 8. Lactation in the Academy: Accommodating

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; I. Diagnosis ; 1. Setting the Scene ; 2. Learning from History ; 3. The Economics of Inequality ; A Summing-Up So Far ; II. Proposals for Action ; 4. Technological Change and Countervailing Power ; 5. Employment and Pay in the Future ; 6. Capital Shared ; 7. Progressive Taxation ; 8. Social Security for All ; Proposals to Reduce the Extent of Inequality ; III. Can It Be Done? ; 9. Shrinking the Cake? ; 10. Globalisation Prevents Action? ; 11. Can We Afford It? ; The Way Forward

Description / Table of Contents: This document presents the Policy-maker's Summary of the 2015 AMAP Assessments of Short-lived Climate Pollutants (Methane, Black carbon and Ozone).

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: The Running Thread ; 1. Expanding the Public Space ; 2. The Trade-offs ; 3. The Choices ; 4. Beyond Clearances ; 5. The Science Anchor ; 6. The Executive Awakes ; 7. Gross to Green ; 8. The Coal Saga ; 9. Energy Dilemmas ; 10. Repositioning India Globally ; A Final Word

Description / Table of Contents: The subduction zone volatile cycle is key to understanding the petrogenesis, transport, storage and eruption of arc magmas. Volatiles control the flux of slab components into the mantle wedge, are responsible for melt generation through lowering the solidi of mantle materials and influence the crystallizing phase assemblages in the overriding crust. Further, the rates and extents of degassing during magma storage and decompression affect magma rheology, ultimately control eruption style and have consequences for the environmental impact of explosive arc volcanism. This book highlights recent progress in constraining the role of volatiles in magmatic processes. Individual book sections are devoted to tracing volatiles from the subducting slab to the overriding crust, their role in subvolcanic processes and eruption triggering, as well as magmatic-hydrothermal systems and volcanic degassing. For the first time, all aspects of the overarching theme of volatile cycling are covered in detail within a single volume.

Description / Table of Contents: This book aims to give an overview on the present state of volcanic lake research, covering topics such as volcano monitoring, the chemistry, dynamics and degassing of acidic crater lakes, mass-energy-chemical-isotopic balance approaches, limnology and degassing of Nyos-type lakes, the impact on the human and natural environment, the eruption products and impact of crater lake breaching eruptions, numerical modeling of gas clouds and lake eruptions, thermo-hydro-mechanical and deformation modeling, CO2 fluxes from lakes, volcanic lakes observed from space, biological activity, continuous monitoring techniques, and some aspects more. We hope to offer an updated manual on volcanic lake research, providing classic research methods, and point towards a more high-tech approach of future volcanic lake research and continuous monitoring.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; Part 1 - Setting the Scene ; 1 The global outlook ; 2 Tracking clean energy progress ; Part 2 - Mobilising Innovation to Accelerate Climate Action ; 3 Innovation to transform energy systems ; 4 Mainstreaming variable renewables in power markets ; 5 CCS: building on early opportunities ; 6 Global innovation for more sustainable industry ; 7 Low-carbon innovation in emerging economies ; 8 Energy technology innovation in China ; Annexes

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Variability of the Deepwater Horizon Surface Oil Spill Extent and Its Relationship to Varying Ocean Currents and Extreme Weather Conditions ; A Strategy for Bioremediation of Marine Shorelines by Using Several Nutrient Release Points ; Prediction of the Formation of Water-in-Oil Emulsions ; Equilibrium Theory of Bidensity Particle-Laden Flows on an Incline ; Operational Oil Spill Modelling: From Science to Engineering Applications in the Presence of Uncertainty ; Application of a Numerical Statistical Model to Estimate Potential Oil Spill Risk ; Structural Analysis of Oil-Spill Booms

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part 1: Conceptions and Context of Climate Governance in China ; 1. Governing Climate Mitigation in Chinese Cities ; 2. Climate Governance through Collaborative Municipal Networks ; 3. Climate Networks in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong ; Part 2: Dynamics of Climate Collaborative Municipal Networks ; 4. Intragovernmental Coordination - the First Step ; 5. Networking for Green Buildings - Why is it so Attractive? ; 6. Legitimating of Electric Vehicles - Where are the Problems? ; 7. Institutionalising Climate Experiments in Collaborative Municipal Networks - What are they Leading to? ; Part 3: Challenges of Climate Governance in China ; 8. Beyond Coordination and Collaboration: A Carbon Reduction Implementation Strategy ; 9. Conclusions

Description / Table of Contents: The characterisation of fluid transport properties of rocks is one of the most important, yet difficult, challenges of reservoir geophysics, but is essential for optimal development of hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs. This book provides a quantitative introduction to the underlying physics, application, interpretation, and hazard aspects of fluid-induced seismicity with a particular focus on its spatio-temporal dynamics. It presents many real data examples of microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing at hydrocarbon fields and of stimulations of enhanced geothermal systems. The author also covers introductory aspects of linear elasticity and poroelasticity theory, as well as elements of seismic rock physics and mechanics of earthquakes, enabling readers to develop a comprehensive understanding of the field. Fluid-Induced Seismicity is a valuable reference for researchers and graduate students working in the fields of geophysics, geology, geomechanics and petrophysics, and a practical guide for petroleum geoscientists and engineers working in the energy industry.

Description / Table of Contents: "Big Data" is on the covers of Science, Nature, the Economist, and Wired magazines, on the front pages of the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times. But despite the media hyperbole, as Christine Borgman points out in this examination of data and scholarly research, having the right data is usually better than having more data; little data can be just as valuable as big data. In many cases, there are no data -- because relevant data don't exist, cannot be found, or are not available. Moreover, data sharing is difficult, incentives to do so are minimal, and data practices vary widely across disciplines. Borgman, an often-cited authority on scholarly communication, argues that data have no value or meaning in isolation; they exist within a knowledge infrastructure -- an ecology of people, practices, technologies, institutions, material objects, and relationships.After laying out the premises of her investigation -- six "provocations" meant to inspire discussion about the uses of data in scholarship -- Borgman offers case studies of data practices in the sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities, and then considers the implications of her findings for scholarly practice and research policy. To manage and exploit data over the long term, Borgman argues, requires massive investment in knowledge infrastructures; at stake is the future of scholarship.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores: A Perspective on Capability and Application in the Environmental Sciences / R. Guy Rothwell and Ian W. Croudace. - PART 1 MARINE STUDIES. - 2 Twenty Years of XRF Core Scanning Marine Sediments: What Do Geochemical Proxies Tell Us? / R. Guy Rothwell and Ian W. Croudace. - 3 Optimization of Itrax Core Scanner Measurement Conditions for Sediments from Submarine Mud Volcanoes / Isabel Rodríguez-Germade, Belén Rubio, Daniel Rey, Federico Vilas, Carmen F. López-Rodríguez, Maria Carmen Comasand Francisca Martínez-Ruiz. - 4 Use of Calibrated ITRAX XRF Data in DeterminingTurbidite Geochemistry and Provenance in Agadir Basin, Northwest African Passive Margin / James E. Hunt, Ian W. Croudace and Suzanne E. MacLachlan. - 5 Identification, Correlation and Origin of Multistage Landslide Events in Volcaniclastic Turbidites in the Moroccan Turbidite System / James E. Hunt, Russell B. Wynn and Ian W. Croudace. - 6 An Empirical Assessment of Variable Water Content and Grain-Size on X-Ray Fluorescence Core-Scanning Measurements of Deep Sea Sediments / Suzanne E. MacLachlan, James E. Hunt and Ian W. Croudace. - PART 2 LAKE AND RIVER STUDIES. - 7 Micro-XRF Core Scanning in Palaeolimnology: Recent Developments / Sarah J. Davies, Henry F. Lamb and Stephen J. Roberts. - 8 Micro-XRF Applications in Fluvial Sedimentary Environments of Britain and Ireland: Progress and Prospects / Jonathan N. Turner, Anna F. Jones, Paul A. Brewer, Mark G. Macklin and Sara M. Rassner. - 9 Estimation of Biogenic Silica Concentrations Using Scanning XRF: Insights from Studies of Lake Malawi Sediments / Erik T. Brown. - 10 Optimization of Itrax Core Scanner Protocols for the Micro X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Finely Laminated Sediment: A Case Study of Lacustrine Varved Sediment from the High Arctic / Stéphanie Cuven, Pierre Francus, Jean François Crémerand Francis Bérubé. - 11 Investigating the Use of Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence to Locate Cryptotephra in Minerogenic Lacustrine Sediment: Experimental Results / Nicholas L. Balascio, Pierre Francus, Raymond S. Bradley, Benjamin B. Schupack, Gifford H. Miller, Bjørn C. Kvisvik, Jostein Bakke and Thorvaldur Thordarson. - 12 Combined [My]-XRF and Microfacies Techniques for Lake Sediment Analyses / Peter Dulski, Achim Brauer and Clara Mangili. - 13 Experiences with XRF-Scanning of Long Sediment Records / Christian Ohlendorf, Volker Wennrich and Dirk Enters. - 14 Approaches to Water Content Correction and Calibration for [My]XRF Core Scanning: Comparing X-ray Scattering with Simple Regression of Elemental Concentrations / John F. Boyle, Richard C. Chiverrell and Dan Schillereff. - PART 3 ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND FORENSIC APPLICATIONS. - 15 X-Ray Core Scanners as an Environmental Forensics Tool: A Case Study of Polluted Harbour Sediment (Augusta Bay, Sicily) / Ian W. Croudace, Elena Romano, Antonella Ausili, Luisa Bergamin and R. Guy Rothwell. - 16 Modern Pollution Signals in Sediments from Windermere, NW England, Determined by Micro-XRF and Lead Isotope Analysis / Helen Miller, Ian W. Croudace, Jonathan M. Bull, Carol J. Cotterill, Justin K. Dix and Rex N. Taylor. - 17 ITRAX Core Scanner Capabilities Combined with Other Geochemical and Radiochemical Techniques to Evaluate Environmental Changes in a Local Catchment, South Sydney, NSW, Australia / P. Gadd, H. Heijnis, C. Chagué-Goff, A. Zawadzki, D. Fierro, P. Atahan, Ian W. Croudace and J. Goralewski. - PART 4 TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS. - 18 A Geochemical Approach to Improve Radiocarbon-Based Age-Depth Models in Non-laminated Sediment Series / Fabien Arnaud and Sidonie Révillon. - 19 Limited Influence of Sediment Grain Size on Elemental XRFCore Scanner Measurements / Sébastien Bertrand, Konrad Hughen and Liviu Giosan. - 20 Standardization and Calibration of X-Radiographs Acquired with the ITRAX Core Scanner / Pierre Francus, Kinuyo Kanamaru and David Fortin. - 21 Prediction of Geochemical Composition from XRF Core Scanner Data: A New Multivariate Approach Including Automatic Selection of Calibration Samples and Quantification of Uncertainties / G. J. Weltje, M. R. Bloemsma, R. Tjallingii, D. Heslop, U. Röhl and Ian W. Croudace. - 22 Parameter Optimisation for the ITRAX Core Scanner / Stuart Jarvis, Ian W. Croudace and R. Guy Rothwell. - 23 UV-Spectral Luminescence Scanning: Technical Updates and Calibration Developments / Craig A. Grove, Alberto Rodriguez-Ramirez, Gila Merschel, Rik Tjallingii, Jens Zinke, Adriano Macia and Geert-Jan A. Brummer. - 24 An Inter-comparison of [My]XRF Scanning Analytical Methods for Lake Sediments / Daniel N. Schillereff, Richard C. Chiverrell, Ian W. Croudace and John F. Boyle. - 25 Analysis of Coal Cores Using Micro-XRF Scanning Techniques / Sarah J. Kelloway, Colin R. Ward, Christopher E. Marjo, Irene E. Wainwright and David R. Cohen. - 26 ItraxPlot: An Intuitive Flexible Program for Rapidly Visualising Itrax Data / Ian W. Croudace and R. Guy Rothwell. - PART 5 THE FUTURE OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE CORE SCANNING. - 27 Future Developments and Innovations in High-ResolutionCore Scanning / Ian W. Croudace and R. Guy Rothwell. - Index.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume presents papers on the use of micro-XRF core scanners in palaeoenvironmental research. It contains a broad ranging view of instrument capability and points to future developments that will help contribute to higher precision elemental data and faster core analysis. Readers will find a diverse range of research by leading experts that have used micro-XRF core scanners in a wide range of scientific applications. The book includes specific application papers reporting on the use of XRF core scanners in a variety of marine, lacustrine, and pollution studies. In addition, coverage also examines practical aspects of core scanner usage, data optimisation, and data calibration and interpretation. In a little over a decade, micro-XRF sediment core scanners have made a substantive contribution to palaeoenvironmental research. Their impact is based on their ability to rapidly, non-destructively, and automatically scan sediment cores. Not only do they rapidly provide important proxy data without damaging samples, but they can obtain environmental data at decadal, annual, and even sub-annual scales. This volume will help both experienced and new users of these non-destructive core scanners take full advantage of one of the most powerful geochemical screening tools in the environmental scientist's toolbox

Description / Table of Contents: This textbook aims to be a one stop shop for those interested in aerosols and their impact on the climate system. It starts with some fundamentals on atmospheric aerosols, atmospheric radiation and cloud physics, then goes into techniques used for in-situ and remote sensing measurements of aerosols, data assimilation, and discusses aerosol-radiation interactions, aersol-cloud interactions and the multiple impacts of aerosols on the climate system. The book aims to engage those interested in aerosols and their impacts on the climate system: graduate and PhD students, but also post-doctorate fellows who are new to the field or would like to broaden their knowledge. The book includes exercises at the end of most chapters. Atmospheric aerosols are small (microscopic) particles in suspension in the atmosphere, which play multiple roles in the climate system. They interact with the energy budget through scattering and absorption of solar and terrestrial radiation. They also serve as cloud condensation and ice nuclei with impacts on the formation, evolution and properties of clouds. Finally aerosols also interact with some biogeochemical cycles. Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols are responsible for a cooling effect that has masked part of the warming due to the increased greenhouse effect since pre-industrial time. Natural aerosols also respond to climate changes as shown by observations of past climates and modelling of the future climate.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Executive summary ; PART I: THE MATERIAL BASIS OF THE ECONOMY AND RESOURCE PRODUCTIVITY ; Chapter 1. Natural resources: The material basis of the economy ; Chapter 2. An evolving economic context and new environmental challenges ; Chapter 3. Sustainable resource use and resource productivity ; Chapter 4. The material basis of the global economy ; Chapter 5. The material basis of OECD economies ; PART II: KEY MATERIAL RESOURCES FACTSHEETS ; Aluminium factsheet ; Copper factsheet ; Iron and steel factsheet ; Paper factsheet ; Phosphorus factsheet ; Rare earth elements factsheet

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; 1 Randomized Trials ; 1.1 In Sickness and in Health (Insurance) ; 1.2 The Oregon Trail ; 2 Regression ; 2.1 A Tale of Two Colleges ; 2.2 Make Me a Match, Run Me a Regression ; 2.3 Ceteris Paribus? ; 3 Instrumental Variables ; 3.1 The Charter Conundrum ; 3.2 Abuse Busters ; 3.3 The Population Bomb ; 4 Regression Discontinuity Designs ; 4.1 Birthdays and Funerals ; 4.2 The Elite Illusion ; 5 Differences-in-Differences ; 5.1 A Mississippi Experiment ; 5.2 Drink, Drank, . . . ; 6 The Wages of Schooling ; 6.1 Schooling, Experience, and Earnings ; 6.2 Twins Double the Fun ; 6.3 Econometricians Are Known by Their . . . Instruments ; 6.4 Rustling Sheepskin in the Lone Star State ; Appendix: Bias from Measurement Error

Description / Table of Contents: Learn a simpler and more effective way to analyze data and predict outcomes with Python Machine Learning in Python shows you how to successfully analyze data using only two core machine learning algorithms, and how to apply them using Python. By focusing on two algorithm families that effectively predict outcomes, this book is able to provide full descriptions of the mechanisms at work, and the examples that illustrate the machinery with specific, hackable code. The algorithms are explained in simple terms with no complex math and applied using Python, with guidance on algorithm selection, data preparation, and using the trained models in practice. You will learn a core set of Python programming techniques, various methods of building predictive models, and how to measure the performance of each model to ensure that the right one is used. The chapters on penalized linear regression and ensemble methods dive deep into each of the algorithms, and you can use the sample code in the book to develop your own data analysis solutions. Machine learning algorithms are at the core of data analytics and visualization.In the past, these methods required a deep background in math and statistics, often in combination with the specialized R programming language. This book demonstrates how machine learning can be implemented using the more widely used and accessible Python programming language. * Predict outcomes using linear and ensemble algorithm families * Build predictive models that solve a range of simple and complex problems * Apply core machine learning algorithms using Python * Use sample code directly to build custom solutions Machine learning doesn't have to be complex and highly specialized. Python makes this technology more accessible to a much wider audience, using methods that are simpler, effective, and well tested. Machine Learning in Python shows you how to do this, without requiring an extensive background in math or statistics.

Description / Table of Contents: Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) war einer der bedeutendsten deutschen Naturwissenschaftler des vergangenen Jahrhunderts. Er untersuchte die Erdatmosphäre mit Drachen und Fesselballonen, erforschte das Wesen der gefürchteten Windhosen, fuhr vier Mal auf wissenschaftliche Expeditionen nach Grönland und stellte einen Weltrekord im bemannten Ballonflug auf. In diesem Buch wird das Leben dieses vielseitigen Forschers erzählt. Daneben wird sein wissenschaftliches Hauptwerk, die Kontinentaldrifttheorie, und seine Theorie zur Entstehung der Mondkrater durch Meteoritenbombardement beleuchtet, an die er Ideen über die Entstehung der Erde selbst knüpfte.

Description / Table of Contents: This book offers new perspectives of transdisciplinary research, in methodological as well as theoretical respects. It provides insights in the two-fold bio-physical and the socio-cultural global embeddedness of local living conditions on the basis of selected empirical studies from Latin America, Asia, Africa, Australia, and Europe. The theoretical foundations of ecological research and sustainability policies were developed at the end of the nineteenth century. They are largely based on investigations of living spaces, and the evolution and differentiation of varied life forms. This perspective is embedded in the practical and theoretical European problem situations of the past and lacks social and cultural differentiation. The transformation of spatial and natural relations as a result of the globalization process is so radical that new theories are needed to solve 21st century ecological problems. Moreover, in view of the lack of an ontologically sound and promising strategy for transdisciplinary problem solving, as well as an acceptable consideration of the power of cultural schemas relating to natural living’s interpretations, there is a strong need to focus on sustainable social practices, habits, and routines, rather than on predominantly living spaces or eco-topes. This book elaborates on the transdisciplinary approach by reflecting on the theoretical heritage and a global perspective of sustainability, by focusing on the primary role of a social approach in sustainability research, and by putting emphasis on cultural dimension of sustainability. It postulates that global sustainability is grounded in a global understanding of our everyday activities

Description / Table of Contents: Alfred Wegener aimed to create a revolution in science which would rank with those of Nicolaus Copernicus and Charles Darwin. After completing his doctoral studies in astronomy at the University of Berlin, Wegener found himself drawn not to observatory science but to rugged fieldwork, which allowed him to cross into a variety of disciplines. The author of the theory of continental drift - the direct ancestor of the modern theory of plate tectonics and one of the key scientific concepts of the past century - Wegener also made major contributions to geology, geophysics, astronomy, geodesy, atmospheric physics, meteorology, and glaciology. Remarkably, he completed this pathbreaking work while grappling variously with financial difficulty, war, economic depression, scientific isolation, illness, and injury. He ultimately died of overexertion on a journey to probe the Greenland ice cap and calculate its rate of drift. This landmark biography - the only complete account of the scientist's fascinating life and work - is the culmination of more than twenty years of intensive research. In Alfred Wegener, Mott T. Greene places Wegener's background and theoretical advances in earth science in the context of his brilliantly eclectic career, bringing Wegener to life by analyzing his published scientific work, delving into all of his surviving letters and journals, and tracing both his passionate commitment to science and his thrilling experiences as a polar explorer, a military officer during World War I, and a world record-setting balloonist. In the course of writing this book, Greene traveled to every place that Alfred Wegener lived and worked - to Berlin, rural Brandenburg, Marbug, Hamburg, and Heidelberg in Germany; to Innsbruck and Graz in Austria; and onto the Greenland ice cap. He also pored over archives in Copenhagen, Munich, Marburg, Graz, and Bremerhaven, where the majority of Wegener's surviving papers are found. Written with great immediacy and descriptive power, Alfred Wegener is a powerful portrait of the scientist who pioneered the modern notion of unified earth science. The book should be of interest not only to earth scientists, students of polar travel and exploration, and historians but to all readers who are fascinated by the great minds of science.

Description / Table of Contents: This comprehensive textbook presents an overview of petroleum geoscience for geologists active in the petroleum industry, while also offering a useful guide for students interested in environmental geology, engineering geology and other aspects of sedimentary geology. In this second edition, new chapters have been added and others expanded, covering geophysical methods in general and electromagnetic exploration methods in particular, as well as reservoir modeling and production, unconventional resources and practical petroleum exploration

Description / Table of Contents: Kohlendioxid ist eine bedeutende Verbindung in unserer Atmosphäre. Mit Wasser ergibt sie Kohlensäure und ist daher in allen Wässern zugegen. In welchem Ausmaß und in welcher Form Kohlendioxid im Wasser vorliegt, kann mit einfachen mathematischen Gleichungen berechnet werden. Wie diese Gleichungen hergeleitet und was damit ausgesagt werden kann, wird in diesem Buch an Hand von 3D-Grafiken ausführlich gezeigt und diskutiert. Die angegebenen Gleichungen können zur Berechnung von wasserchemischen Parametern herangezogen werden. Das Buch richtet sich an Hydrochemiker, Hydrogeologen, Hydrologen, Umweltwissenschaftler, Analytiker und Chemiker, die sich mit Wasserchemie beschäftigen und an fortgeschrittene Studierende, die die theoretischen Grundlagen des Kohlendioxidgleichgewichts vertiefen wollen sowie an alle, die sich für die mathematische Behandlung von chemischen Gleichgewichten interessieren. Der Autor Hofrat Mag. Dr. Gerhard Hobiger diplomierte in Analytischer Chemie und promovierte  über die chemische Bindung im TiO-Festkörper an der Universität Wien. Anschließend war er im Zentrallabor des Umweltbundesamtes tätig und ist jetzt der Leiter der Fachabteilung Geochemie an der Geologischen Bundesanstalt in Wien