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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (46,041)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 2020-2024  (19)
  • 1995-1999  (30,475)
  • 1980-1984  (24,657)
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  • 1
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    Non‐exchangeable stable hydrogen isotope ratios in clay minerals and soil clay fractions: A method test (2022)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: Stable hydrogen isotope ratios (δ2H values) in structural hydroxyl groups of pedogenic clay minerals are inherited from the surrounding water at the time of their formation. Only non‐exchangeable H preserves the environmental forensic and paleoclimate information (δ2Hn value). To measure δ2Hn values in structural H of clay minerals and soil clay fractions, we adapted a steam equilibration method by accounting for high hygroscopicity. Our δ2Hn values for USGS57 biotite (−95.3 ± SD 0.9‰) and USGS58 muscovite (30.7 ± 1.4‰) differed slightly but significantly from the reported δ2H values (−91.5 ± 2.4‰ and −28.4 ± 1.6‰), because the minerals contained 1.1%–4.4% of exchangeable H. The low SD of replicate measurements (n = 3) confirmed a high precision. The clay separation method including destruction of Fe oxides, carbonates and soil organic matter, and dispersion did not significantly change the δ2Hn values of five different clay minerals. However, we were unable to remove all organic matter from the soil clay fractions resulting in an estimated bias of 1‰ in two samples and 15‰ in the carbon‐richest sample. Our results demonstrate that δ2Hn values of structural H of clay minerals and soil clay fractions can be reliably measured without interference from atmospheric water and the method used to separate the soil clay fraction. Highlights We tested steam equilibration to determine stable isotope ratios of structural H in clay. Gas‐tight capsule sealing in Ar atmosphere was necessary to avoid remoistening. Our steam equilibration method showed a high accuracy and precision. The clay separation method did not change stable isotope ratios of structural H in clay.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:549 ; controlled isotope exchange technique ; deuterium ; montmorillonite ; soil clay separation ; soil organic matter removal ; steam equilibration ; structural H ; USGS57 biotite ; vermiculite ; δ2H
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Potential erodibility of semi‐arid steppe soils derived from aggregate stability tests (2022)
    Koza, Moritz ; Pöhlitz, Julia ; Prays, Aleksey ; [et al.]
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-26
    Description: Erosion is a severe threat to the sustainable use of agricultural soils. However, the structural resistance of soil against the disruptive forces steppe soils experience under field conditions has not been investigated. Therefore, 132 topsoils under grass‐ and cropland covering a large range of physico‐chemical soil properties (sand: 2–76%, silt: 18–80%, clay: 6–30%, organic carbon: 7.3–64.2 g kg−1, inorganic carbon: 0.0–8.5 g kg−1, pH: 4.8–9.5, electrical conductivity: 32–946 μS cm−1) from northern Kazakhstan were assessed for their potential erodibility using several tests. An adjusted drop‐shatter method (low energy input of 60 Joule on a 250‐cm3 soil block) was used to estimate the stability of dry soil against weak mechanical forces, such as saltating particles striking the surface causing wind erosion. Three wetting treatments with various conditions and energies (fast wetting, slow wetting, and wet shaking) were applied to simulate different disruptive effects of water. Results indicate that aggregate stability was higher for grassland than cropland soils and declined with decreasing soil organic carbon content. The results of the drop‐shatter test suggested that 29% of the soils under cropland were at risk of wind erosion, but only 6% were at high risk (i.e. erodible fraction 〉60%). In contrast, the fast wetting treatment revealed that 54% of the samples were prone to become “very unstable” and 44% “unstable” during heavy rain or snowmelt events. Even under conditions comparable to light rain events or raindrop impact, 53–59% of the samples were “unstable.” Overall, cropland soils under semi‐arid conditions seem much more susceptible to water than wind erosion. Considering future projections of increasing precipitation in Kazakhstan, we conclude that the risk of water erosion is potentially underestimated and needs to be taken into account when developing sustainable land use strategies. Highlights Organic matter is the important binding agent enhancing aggregation in steppe topsoils. Tillage always declines aggregate stability even without soil organic carbon changes. All croplands soil are prone to wind or water erosion independent of their soil properties. Despite the semi‐arid conditions, erosion risk by water seems higher than by wind.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; climate change ; land use ; soil organic carbon ; soil texture ; water erosion ; wind erosion
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Vertical SOC distribution and aromatic carbon in centuries old charcoal‐rich Technosols (2022)
    Bonhage, Alexander ; Raab, Thomas ; Schneider, Anna ; [et al.]
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-21
    Description: Charcoal‐rich Technosols on century‐old relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are the subject of ongoing research regarding potential legacy effects that result from historic charcoal production and subsequent charcoal amendments on forest soil properties and forest ecosystems today. RCHs consist mostly of Auh horizons that are substantially enriched in soil organic carbon (SOC), of which the largest part seems to be of pyrogenic origin (PyC). However, the reported range of SOC and PyC contents in RCH soil also suggests that they are enriched in nonpyrogenic SOC. RCH soils are discussed as potential benchmarks for the long‐term influence of biochar amendment and the post‐wildfire influences on soil properties. In this study, we utilised a large soil sample dataset (n = 1245) from 52 RCH sites in north‐western Connecticut, USA, to quantify SOC contents by total element analysis. The contents of condensed highly aromatic carbon as a proxy for black carbon (BC) were predicted by using a modified benzene polycarboxylated acid (BPCA) marker method in combination with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy‐based partial least square regression (r2 = 0.89). A high vertical spatial sampling resolution allowed the identification of soil organic matter (SOM) enrichment and translocation processes. The results show an average 75% and 1862% increase in TOC and BPCA‐derived carbon, respectively, for technogenic Auh horizons compared to reference soils. In addition to an increase in aromatic properties, increased carboxylic properties of the RCH SOC suggest self‐humification effects of degrading charcoal and thereby the continuing formation of leachable aromatic carbon compounds, which could have effects on pedogenic processes in buried soils. Indeed, we show BPCA‐derived carbon concentrations in intermediate technogenic Cu horizons and buried top/subsoils that suggest vertical translocation of highly aromatic carbon originating in RCH Auh horizons. Topmost Auh horizons showed a gradual decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) contents with increasing depth, suggesting accumulation of recent, non‐pyrogenic SOM. Lower aliphatic absorptions in RCH soil spectra suggest different SOM turnover dynamics compared to reference soils. Furthermore, studied RCH soils featured additional TOC enrichment, which cannot be fully explained now. Highlights BC to TOC ratio and high resolution vertical SOC distribution in 52 RCH sites were studied. RCH soils non‐BC pool was potentially different to reference soils. RCH soils feature TOC accumulation in the topmost horizon. There is BC translocation into buried soils on RCH sites.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; benzene polycarboxylated acid marker (BPCA) ; black carbon ; charcoal degradation ; charcoal kiln ; pyrogenic carbon ; relict charcoal hearth ; biochar
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    The Arctic Ocean’s Beaufort Gyre (2023)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-28
    Description: © The Author(s), 2023. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Timmermans, M.-L., & Toole, J. The Arctic Ocean’s Beaufort Gyre. Annual Review of Marine Science, 15(1), (2023): 223-248, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032122-012034.
    Description: The Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre is a dominant feature of the Arctic system, a prominent indicator of climate change, and possibly a control factor for high-latitude climate. The state of knowledge of the wind-driven Beaufort Gyre is reviewed here, including its forcing, relationship to sea-ice cover, source waters, circulation, and energetics. Recent decades have seen pronounced change in all elements of the Beaufort Gyre system. Sea-ice losses have accompanied an intensification of the gyre circulation and increasing heat and freshwater content. Present understanding of these changes is evaluated, and time series of heat and freshwater content are updated to include the most recent observations.
    Description: Support was provided by the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs and the Office of Naval Research.
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean ; Beaufort Gyre ; Circulation ; Sea ice ; Freshwater ; Ocean heat content
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 5
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    Defining Hydrogeological Site Similarity with Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (2022)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Malden, US
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-28
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Hydrogeological information about an aquifer is difficult and costly to obtain, yet essential for the efficient management of groundwater resources. Transferring information from sampled sites to a specific site of interest can provide information when site‐specific data is lacking. Central to this approach is the notion of site similarity, which is necessary for determining relevant sites to include in the data transfer process. In this paper, we present a data‐driven method for defining site similarity. We apply this method to selecting groups of similar sites from which to derive prior distributions for the Bayesian estimation of hydraulic conductivity measurements at sites of interest. We conclude that there is now a unique opportunity to combine hydrogeological expertise with data‐driven methods to improve the predictive ability of stochastic hydrogeological models.〈/p〉
    Description: 〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉〈italic〉Article impact statement〈/italic〉: This article introduces hierarchical clustering as a method for defining a notion of site similarity; the aim of this method is to improve the derivation of prior distributions in Bayesian methods in hydrogeology.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://github.com/GeoStat-Bayesian/geostatDB
    Description: https://github.com/GeoStat-Bayesian/exPrior
    Description: https://github.com/GeoStat-Bayesian/siteSimilarity
    Keywords: ddc:551.49 ; hydrogeological sites ; hydrogeological modeling
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Phaeocystis: A Global Enigma (2024)
    Annual Reviews
    In:  EPIC3Annual Review of Marine Science, Annual Reviews, 16(1), pp. 417-441, ISSN: 1941-1405
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: The genus Phaeocystis is globally distributed, with blooms commonly occurring on continental shelves. This unusual phytoplankter has two major morphologies: solitary cells and cells embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Only colonies form blooms. Their large size (commonly 2 mm but up to 3 cm) and mucilaginous envelope allow the colonies to escape predation, but data are inconsistent as to whether colonies are grazed. Cultured Phaeocystis can also inhibit the growth of co-occurring phytoplankton or the feeding of potential grazers. Colonies and solitary cells use nitrate as a nitrogen source, although solitary cells can also grow on ammonium. Phaeocystis colonies might be a major contributor to carbon flux to depth, but in most cases, colonies are rapidly remineralized in the upper 300 m. The occurrence of large Phaeocystis blooms is often associated with environments with low and highly variable light and high nitrate levels, with Phaeocystis antarctica blooms being linked additionally to high iron availability. Emerging results indicate that different clones of Phaeocystis have substantial genetic plasticity, which may explain its appearance in a variety of environments. Given the evidence of Phaeocystis appearing in new systems, this trend will likely continue in the near future.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 7
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    Toward an adequate level of detail in flood risk assessments (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Flood risk assessments require different disciplines to understand and model the underlying components hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Many methods and data sets have been refined considerably to cover more details of spatial, temporal, or process information. We compile case studies indicating that refined methods and data have a considerable effect on the overall assessment of flood risk. But are these improvements worth the effort? The adequate level of detail is typically unknown and prioritization of improvements in a specific component is hampered by the lack of an overarching view on flood risk. Consequently, creating the dilemma of potentially being too greedy or too wasteful with the resources available for a risk assessment. A “sweet spot” between those two would use methods and data sets that cover all relevant known processes without using resources inefficiently. We provide three key questions as a qualitative guidance toward this “sweet spot.” For quantitative decision support, more overarching case studies in various contexts are needed to reveal the sensitivity of the overall flood risk to individual components. This could also support the anticipation of unforeseen events like the flood event in Germany and Belgium in 2021 and increase the reliability of flood risk assessments.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: BMBF http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Federal Environment Agency http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010809
    Description: http://howas21.gfz-potsdam.de/howas21/
    Description: https://www.umwelt.niedersachsen.de/startseite/themen/wasser/hochwasser_amp_kustenschutz/hochwasserrisikomanagement_richtlinie/hochwassergefahren_und_hochwasserrisikokarten/hochwasserkarten-121920.html
    Description: https://download.geofabrik.de/europe/germany.html
    Description: https://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/list-of-components/EMSN024
    Description: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/collection/id-0054
    Description: https://oasishub.co/dataset/surface-water-flooding-footprinthurricane-harvey-august-2017-jba
    Description: https://www.wasser.sachsen.de/hochwassergefahrenkarte-11915.html
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; decision support ; extreme events ; integrated flood risk management ; risk assessment
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Small lateral air pressure gradients generated by a large chamber system have a strong effect on CO2 transport in soil (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Gas transport in soils is usually assumed to be purely diffusive, although several studies have shown that non‐diffusive processes can significantly enhance soil gas transport. These processes include barometric air pressure changes, wind‐induced pressure pumping and static air pressure fields generated by wind interacting with obstacles. The associated pressure gradients in the soil can cause advective gas fluxes that are much larger than diffusive fluxes. However, the contributions of the respective transport processes are difficult to separate. We developed a large chamber system to simulate pressure fields and investigate their influence on soil gas transport. The chamber consists of four subspaces in which pressure is regulated by fans that blow air in or out of the chamber. With this setup, we conducted experiments with oscillating and static pressure fields. CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentrations were measured along two soil profiles beneath the chamber. We found a significant relationship between static lateral pressure gradients and the change in the CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 profiles (R〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 = 0.53; 〈italic toggle="no"〉p〈/italic〉‐value 〈2e‐16). Even small pressure gradients between −1 and 1 Pa relative to ambient pressure resulted in an increase or decrease in CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentrations of 8% on average in the upper soil, indicating advective flow of air in the pore space. Positive pressure gradients resulted in decreasing, negative pressure gradients in increasing CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentrations. The concentration changes were probably caused by an advective flow field in the soil beneath the chamber generated by the pressure gradients. No effect of oscillating pressure fields was observed in this study. The results indicate that static lateral pressure gradients have a substantial impact on soil gas transport and therefore are an important driver of gas exchange between soil and atmosphere. Lateral pressure gradients in a comparable range can be induced under windy conditions when wind interacts with terrain features. They can also be caused by chambers used for flux measurements at high wind speed or by fans used for head‐space mixing within the chambers, which yields biased flux estimates.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; advective flux ; chamber flux measurements ; static air pressure fields ; wind‐induced pressure pumping
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Redoxtrons – An experimental system to study redox processes within the capillary fringe (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-18
    Description: Spatiotemporal characterisation of the soil redox status within the capillary fringe (CF) is a challenging task. Air‐filled porosities (ε), oxygen concentration (O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) and soil redox potential (EH) are interrelated soil variables within active biogeochemical domains such as the CF. We investigated the impact of water table (WT) rise and drainage in an undisturbed topsoil and subsoil sample taken from a Calcaric Gleysol for a period of 46 days. We merged 1D (EH and matric potential) and 2D (O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) systems to monitor at high spatiotemporal resolution redox dynamics within self‐constructed redoxtron housings and complemented the data set by a 3D pore network characterization using X‐ray microtomography (X‐ray μCT). Depletion of O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 was faster in the organic matter‐ and clay‐rich aggregated topsoil and the CF extended 〉10 cm above the artificial WT. The homogeneous and less‐aggregated subsoil extended only 4 cm above the WT as indicated by ε–O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉–EH data during saturation. After drainage, 2D O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 imaging revealed a fast aeration towards the lower depths of the topsoil, which agrees with the connected ε derived by X‐ray μCT (ε〈sub〉CT_conn〈/sub〉) of 14.9% of the total porosity. However, small‐scaled anoxic domains with O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 saturation 〈5% were apparent even after lowering the WT (down to 0.25 cm〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 in size) for 23 days. These domains remained a nucleus for reducing soil conditions (E〈sub〉H〈/sub〉 〈 −100 mV), which made it challenging to characterise the soil redox status in the CF. In contrast, the subsoil aeration reached O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 saturation after 8 days for the complete soil volume. Values of ε〈sub〉CT_conn〈/sub〉 around zero in the subsoil highlighted that soil aeration was independent of this parameter suggesting that other variables such as microbial activity must be considered when predicting the soil redox status from ε alone. The use of redoxtrons in combination with localised redox‐measurements and image based pore space analysis resulted in a better 2D/3D characterisation of the pore system and related O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 transport properties. This allowed us to analyse the distribution and activity of microbiological niches highly associated with the spatiotemporal variable redox dynamics in soil environments. Highlights: The time needed to turn from reducing to oxidising (period where all platinum electrodes feature E〈sub〉H〈/sub〉 〉 300 mV) condition differ for two samples with contrasting soil structure. The subsoil with presumably low O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 consumption rates aerated considerably faster than the topsoil and exclusively by O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 diffusion through medium‐ and fine‐sized pores. To derive the soil redox status based upon the triplet ε–O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉–E〈sub〉H〈/sub〉 is challenging at present in heterogeneous soil domains and larger soil volumes than 250 cm〈sup〉3〈/sup〉. Undisturbed soil sampling along with 2D/3D redox measurement systems (e.g., redoxtrons) improve our understanding of redox dynamics within the capillary fringe.
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; environmental monitoring ; incubation experiments ; redox processes ; soil reducing conditions ; undisturbed soil ; X‐ray microtomography
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    The dilemma of analytical method changes for soil organic carbon in long‐term experiments (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈sec xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="ejss13362-sec-1003" xml:lang="en"〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Long‐term experiments (LTEs) have provided data to modellers and agronomists to investigate changes and dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) under different cropping systems. As treatment changes have occurred due to agricultural advancements, so too have analytical soil methods. This may lead to method bias over time, which could affect the robust interpretation of data and conclusions drawn. This study aims to quantify differences in SOC due to changes in dry combustion methods over time, using soil samples of a LTE established in 1963 that focuses on mineral and organic fertilizer management in the temperate zone of Northeast Germany. For this purpose, 1059 soil samples, collected between 1976 and 2008, have been analysed twice, once with their historical laboratory method right after sampling, and a second time in 2016 when all samples were analysed using the same elementary analyser. In 9 of 11 soil sampling campaigns, a paired 〈italic toggle="no"〉t〈/italic〉‐test provided evidence for significant differences in the historical SOC values when compared with the re‐analysed concentrations of the same LTE sample. In the sampling years 1988 and 2004, the historical analysis obtained about 0.9 g kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 lower SOC compared with the re‐analysed one. For 1990 and 1998, this difference was about 0.4 g kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. Correction factors, an approach often used to correct for different analytical techniques, could only be applied for 5 of 11 sampling campaigns to account for constant and proportional systematic method error. For this particular LTE, the interpretation of SOC changes due to agronomic management (here fertilization) deviates depending on the analytical method used, which may weaken the explanatory power of the historical data. We demonstrate that analytical method changes over time present one of many challenges in the interpretation of time series data of SOC dynamics. Therefore, LTE site managers need to ensure providing all necessary protocols and data in order to retrace method changes and if necessary recalculate SOC.〈/p〉 〈/sec〉〈sec xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="ejss13362-sec-0003" xml:lang="en"〉 〈title〉Highlights〈/title〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉〈list list-type="bullet" id="ejss13362-list-0001"〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0001"〉〈p〉A total of 1059 LTE soil samples taken between 1976 and 2008 were re‐analysed for SOC in 2016〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0002"〉〈p〉Several methodological changes for SOC determination led to significant different SOC concentration in the same sample〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0003"〉〈p〉Interpretation and time series of LTE soil data suffer from consideration of analytical method changes and poor documentation of the same〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0004"〉〈p〉Soil archive establishment, thorough method protocols and diligent proficiency testing after soil method changes ameliorate the dilemma〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉〈/p〉 〈/sec〉
    Description: Brandenburger Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004581
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004937
    Description: https://doi.org/10.4228/zalf-acge-b683
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; Bland–Altman ; carbon stocks ; data trueness ; Deming regression ; method bias ; soil archive ; soil survey
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Optimised use of data fusion and memory‐based learning with an Austrian soil library for predictions with infrared data (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-12
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Infrared spectroscopy in the visible to near‐infrared (vis–NIR) and mid‐infrared (MIR) regions is a well‐established approach for the prediction of soil properties. Different data fusion and training approaches exist, and the optimal procedures are yet undefined and may depend on the heterogeneity present in the set and on the considered scale. The objectives were to test the usefulness of partial least squares regressions (PLSRs) for soil organic carbon (SOC), total carbon (C〈sub〉t〈/sub〉), total nitrogen (N〈sub〉t〈/sub〉) and pH using vis–NIR and MIR spectroscopy for an independent validation after standard calibration (use of a general PLSR model) or using memory‐based learning (MBL) with and without spiking for a national spectral database. Data fusion approaches were simple concatenation of spectra, outer product analysis (OPA) and model averaging. In total, 481 soils from an Austrian forest soil archive were measured in the vis–NIR and MIR regions, and regressions were calculated. Fivefold calibration‐validation approaches were carried out with a region‐related split of spectra to implement independent validations with n ranging from 47 to 99 soils in different folds. MIR predictions were generally superior over vis–NIR predictions. For all properties, optimal predictions were obtained with data fusion, with OPA and spectra concatenation outperforming model averaging. The greatest robustness of performance was found for OPA and MBL with spiking with 〈italic toggle="no"〉R〈/italic〉〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 ≥ 0.77 (N), 0.85 (SOC), 0.86 (pH) and 0.88 (C〈sub〉t〈/sub〉) in the validations of all folds. Overall, the results indicate that the combination of OPA for vis–NIR and MIR spectra with MBL and spiking has a high potential to accurately estimate properties when using large‐scale soil spectral libraries as reference data. However, the reduction of cost‐effectiveness using two spectrometers needs to be weighed against the potential increase in accuracy compared to a single MIR spectroscopy approach.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; data fusion ; independent validation ; infrared spectroscopy ; MBL ; nitrogen ; outer product analysis ; pH ; soil organic carbon ; spiking ; total carbon
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  • 12
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    Importance of catchment hydrological processes and calibration of hydrological‐hydrodynamic rainfall‐runoff models in small rural catchments (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉In recent years, many two‐dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic models have been extended to include the direct rainfall method (DRM). This allows their application as a hydrological‐hydrodynamic model for the determination of floodplains in one model system. In previous studies on DRM, the role of catchment hydrological processes (CaHyPro) and its interaction with the calibration process was not investigated in detail. In the present, case‐oriented study, the influence of the spatiotemporal distribution of the processes precipitation and runoff formation in combination with the 2D model HEC‐RAS is investigated. In a further step, a conceptual approach for event‐based interflow is integrated. The study is performed on the basis of a single storm event in a small rural catchment (low mountain range, 38 km〈sup〉2〈/sup〉) in Hesse (Germany). The model results are evaluated against six quality criteria and compared to a simplified baseline model. Finally, the calibrated improved model is contrasted with a calibrated baseline model. The results show the enhancement of the model results due to the integration of the CaHyPro and highlight its interplay with the calibrated model parameters.〈/p〉
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; 2D hydrodynamic modeling ; calibration ; direct rainfall modeling ; hydrological processes ; radar data ; runoff formation
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 13
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    Designing More Informative Multiple-Driver Experiments (2024)
    Annual Reviews
    In:  EPIC3Annual Review of Marine Science, Annual Reviews, 16(1), pp. 513-536, ISSN: 1941-1405
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: 〈jats:p〉 For decades, multiple-driver/stressor research has examined interactions among drivers that will undergo large changes in the future: temperature, pH, nutrients, oxygen, pathogens, and more. However, the most commonly used experimental designs—present-versus-future and ANOVA—fail to contribute to general understanding or predictive power. Linking experimental design to process-based mathematical models would help us predict how ecosystems will behave in novel environmental conditions. We review a range of experimental designs and assess the best experimental path toward a predictive ecology. Full factorial response surface, fractional factorial, quadratic response surface, custom, space-filling, and especially optimal and sequential/adaptive designs can help us achieve more valuable scientific goals. Experiments using these designs are challenging to perform with long-lived organisms or at the community and ecosystem levels. But they remain our most promising path toward linking experiments and theory in multiple-driver research and making accurate, useful predictions. 〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 14
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    BODIUM—A systemic approach to model the dynamics of soil functions (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉The increasing demand for biomass for food, animal feed, fibre and bioenergy requires optimization of soil productivity, while at the same time, protecting other soil functions such as nutrient cycling and buffering, carbon storage, habitat for biological activity and water filter and storage. Therefore, one of the main challenges for sustainable agriculture is to produce high yields while maintaining all the other soil functions. Mechanistic simulation models are an essential tool to fully understand and predict the complex interactions between physical, biological and chemical processes of soils that generate those functions. We developed a soil model to simulate the impact of various agricultural management options and climate change on soil functions by integrating the relevant processes mechanistically and in a systemic way. As a special feature, we include the dynamics of soil structure induced by tillage and biological activity, which is especially relevant in arable soils. The model operates on a 1D soil profile consisting of a number of discrete layers with dynamic thickness. We demonstrate the model performance by simulating crop growth, root growth, nutrient and water uptake, nitrogen cycling, soil organic matter turnover, microbial activity, water distribution and soil structure dynamics in a long‐term field experiment including different crops and different types and levels of fertilization. The model is able to capture essential features that are measured regularly including crop yield, soil organic carbon, and soil nitrogen. In this way, the plausibility of the implemented processes and their interactions is confirmed. Furthermore, we present the results of explorative simulations comparing scenarios with and without tillage events to analyse the effect of soil structure on soil functions. Since the model is process‐based, we are confident that the model can also be used to predict quantities that have not been measured or to estimate the effect of management measures and climate states not yet been observed. The model thus has the potential to predict the site‐specific impact of management decisions on soil functions, which is of great importance for the development of a sustainable agriculture that is currently also on the agenda of the ‘Green Deal’ at the European level.〈/p〉
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: https://git.ufz.de/bodium/bodium_v1.0
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; agriculture ; computational model ; simulation ; soil microbiology ; soil structure ; sustainable soil
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Temperature and soil moisture change microbial allocation of pesticide‐derived carbon (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-18
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Temperature and soil moisture are known to control pesticide mineralization. Half‐life times (DT〈sub〉50〈/sub〉) derived from pesticide mineralization curves generally indicate longer residence times at low soil temperature and moisture but do not consider potential changes in the microbial allocation of pesticide‐derived carbon (C). We aimed to determine carbon use efficiency (CUE, formation of new biomass relative to total C uptake) to better understand microbial utilization of pesticide‐derived C under different environmental conditions and to support the conventional description of degradation dynamics based on mineralization. We performed a microcosm experiment at two MCPA (2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid) concentrations (1 and 20 mg kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) and defined 20°C/pF 1.8 as optimal and 10°C/pF 3.5 as limiting environmental conditions. After 4 weeks, 70% of the initially applied MCPA was mineralized under optimal conditions but MCPA mineralization reached less than 25% under limiting conditions. However, under limiting conditions, an increase in CUE was observed, indicating a shift towards anabolic utilization of MCPA‐derived C. In this case, increased C assimilation implied C storage or the formation of precursor compounds to support resistance mechanisms, rather than actual growth since we did not find an increase in the 〈italic toggle="no"〉tfdA〈/italic〉 gene relevant to MCPA degradation. We were able to confirm the assumption that under limiting conditions, C assimilation increases relative to mineralization and that C redistribution, may serve as an explanation for the difference between mineralization and MCPA dissipation‐derived degradation dynamics. In addition, by introducing CUE to the temperature‐ and moisture‐dependent degradation of pesticides, we can capture the underlying microbial constraints and adaptive mechanisms to changing environmental conditions.〈/p〉
    Description: 〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Changing environmental conditions alter the MCPA degradation dynamics and the allocation of pesticide‐derived carbon to anabolic or catabolic metabolism.〈boxed-text position="anchor" content-type="graphic" id="ejss13417-blkfxd-0001" xml:lang="en"〉 〈graphic position="anchor" id="jats-graphic-1" xlink:href="urn:x-wiley:13510754:media:ejss13417:ejss13417-toc-0001"〉 〈/graphic〉 〈/boxed-text〉〈/p〉
    Description: Collaborative Research Center 1253 CAMPOS (DFG)
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: DFG Priority Program 2322 “Soil System”
    Description: Ellrichshausen Foundation
    Description: Research Training Group “Integrated Hydrosystem modeling”
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5081655
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; anabolism ; carbon use efficiency ; catabolism ; effect of soil moisture and temperature ; gene‐centric process model ; MCPA biodegradation
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Reducing tillage intensity benefits the soil micro‐ and mesofauna in a global meta‐analysis (2022)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: Soil fauna drives crucial processes of energy and nutrient cycling in agricultural systems, and influences the quality of crops and pest incidence. Soil tillage is the most influential agricultural manipulation of soil structure, and has a profound influence on soil biology and its provision of ecosystem services. The objective of this study was to quantify through meta‐analyses the effects of reducing tillage intensity on density and diversity of soil micro‐ and mesofaunal communities, and how these effects vary among different pedoclimatic conditions and interact with concurrent management practices. We present the results of a global meta‐analysis of available literature data on the effects of different tillage intensities on taxonomic and functional groups of soil micro‐ and mesofauna. We collected paired observations (conventional vs. reduced forms of tillage/no‐tillage) from 133 studies across 33 countries. Our results show that reduced tillage intensity or no‐tillage increases the total density of springtails (+35%), mites (+23%), and enchytraeids (+37%) compared to more intense tillage methods. The meta‐analyses for different nematode feeding groups, life‐forms of springtails, and taxonomic mite groups showed higher densities under reduced forms of tillage compared to conventional tillage on omnivorous nematodes (+53%), epedaphic (+81%) and hemiedaphic (+84%) springtails, oribatid (+43%) and mesostigmatid (+57%) mites. Furthermore, the effects of reduced forms of tillage on soil micro‐ and mesofauna varied with depth, climate and soil texture, as well as with tillage method, tillage frequency, concurrent fertilisation, and herbicide application. Our findings suggest that reducing tillage intensity can have positive effects on the density of micro‐ and mesofaunal communities in areas subjected to long‐term intensive cultivation practices. Our results will be useful to support decision making on the management of soil faunal communities and will facilitate modelling efforts of soil biology in global agroecosystems. HIGHLIGHTS Global meta‐analysis to estimate the effect of reducing tillage intensity on micro‐ and mesofauna Reduced tillage or no‐tillage has positive effects on springtail, mite and enchytraeid density Effects vary among nematode feeding groups, springtail life forms and mite suborders Effects vary with texture, climate and depth and depend on the tillage method and frequency
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: https://doi.org/10.20387/bonares-eh0f-hj28
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; agricultural land use ; conservation agriculture ; conventional agriculture ; soil biodiversity ; soil cultivation
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Electronic Resource
    For Better or Worcester: Reflections on Gender, Work and Space (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00526.x
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  • 18
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    Review of Gender, Work and Space (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00529.x
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  • 19
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    Response to Reviews of Gender, Work and Space (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00530.x
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  • 20
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    Sectarianism, Socioeconomic Competition and the Political Economy of Ulster Loyalism (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Within this paper we chart the link between class and the politics of Loyalism in Northern Ireland. In so doing we argue that sectarianism is a socio-cultural construct which undermines the potential for political stability. The paper analyzes the evolution of Loyalism and in so doing contends that the extreme political violence which emanated from certain paramilitary groups was conditioned by socio-economic and political alterations in Northern Ireland. The paper indicates how class relationships clearly cross-cut politics, economics, ideology and culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00532.x
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  • 21
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    Book Reviews (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Book reviewed in this articles:Gideon S. Golany Ethics and Urban Design: Culture, Form and Environment.Thomas Richards (1993) The Imperial Archive.J. M Blaut The Coloniser's Model of the World: Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric History.Dolores Hayden, (1995) The Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History.Paela Shurmer-Smith and Kevin Hannam (1994) Worlds of Desire, Realms of Power: A Cultural Geography.C. Greed, (1994) Women and Planning: Creating Gendered Realities
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00534.x
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  • 22
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    Abstracts (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00535.x
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  • 23
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    Lived Labor Markets (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00528.x
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  • 24
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    The Third Space as Critical Engagement (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00533.x
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  • 25
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    Geographies of Trade Unionism: Translating Traditions Across Space and Time (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: In the context of national trade union decline, this paper explores the geography of trade union organization through case study research at the Shredded Wheat Factory in Welwyn Garden City (Herfordshire, UK). This example highlights the geographical constitution of trade union traditions, focusing upon the ways in which collective practices and ideas are forged in particular places but also how trade union traditions can be translated across space, from one place to another. This translation is argued to take place in three ways: (i) through the direct migration of workers, (ii) through the “demonstration effects” of strikes, trade union defeats and the ensuing media and trade union coverage of these events, and (iii) through solidarity initiatives taken by workers themselves. Rather than understanding workers' traditions as being historical products in place, I argue they are simultaneously geographical in their constitution. Trade unionism is shown to be processual, constantly evolving in and across time and space. Through such insights the research enhances existing geographical work in the field, advocating an approach which focuses upon the agency involved in trade union organization, the processual nature of trade union organization and the importance of the spatial translation of trade union traditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00531.x
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  • 26
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    GEOGRAPHY, ECOLOGY, DEMOCRACY (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Critical geography must go beyond the spaces of power to political ecology. Human activity is necessarily ecological, and so too are politics and democracy. Thus, the regulation of environmental contradictions raises fundamental issues of democratic politics and principles of social justice. The answers to environmental crises are not to be found in the state or the market, the two leviathans, but in the ability of humans to govern themselves democratically and justly in relation to the earth. Because landscape is the sedimented history of human transformations of nature, love of landscapes and their Otherness is a testing ground for a moral and democratic relation to nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00460.x
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  • 27
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    THE NEW PRIMITIVES: IDENTITY, LANDSCAPE AND CULTURAL APPROPRIATION IN THE MYTHOPOETIC MEN'S MOVEMENT (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper explores the beliefs and practices of the mythopoetic men's movement. More specifically, it focuses on the movement's adherents' representations of “racial” identity and wilderness. After introducing the movement, I argue that, a) the mythopoetic men's movement creatively reworks colonialist fantasies of non-Western societies and landscapes, and b) that this process acts to naturalize the movement's adherents' contradictory experiences of power. The paper concludes with some observations on primitivist cultural appropriation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00463.x
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  • 28
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    MARJORIE NICOLSON AND THE AESTHETICS OF NATURE (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00465.x
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  • 29
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    Book Reviews (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: Thomas A. Markus, Buildings and Power: Freedom and Control in the Origin of Modern Building Types. John Pickles, editor, Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems. M. Camoy, M. Castells, S. S. Cohen and F. H. Cardoso, The New Global Economy in the Information Age: Reflections on Our Changing World. Anne Power, Hovels to High Rise: State Housing in Europe Since 1850.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00466.x
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  • 30
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    A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE METHODOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM RESEARCH (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Research on environmental racism has emphasized positive rationality. While useful for policy and legal interventions, this is problematic from a radical political and theoretical viewpoint. By examining two key research questions–is “race” or class responsible for discriminatory patterns? which came first, the people or the hazard?–I explore the implicit assumptions concerning racism within this framework. This reveals a large, pervasive set of misconceptions, including a tendency to reduce racism to overt actions, denying racism as ideology, and insisting on a fixed, unitary idea of racism. Both scholars committed to antiracism and those who challenge environmental justice activists' claims reproduce these conceptualizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00519.x
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  • 31
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    Abstracts (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00524.x
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  • 32
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    HISTORICAL PRESERVATION AND IDENTITY: THE ALAMO AND THE PRODUCTION OF A CONSUMER LANDSCAPE (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Historical preservation often reveals more about contemporary culture than about history. The Alamo in San Antonio, Texas, is just such a case. No other large US city is so dominated by a single historical event, and the Alamo plays a central role as a cultural icon for regional Anglo identity, a symbol of the Anglo-dominated social hierarchy. Its preservation and restoration have coincided with modern identity formation contextualized by commodities. Thus, a critical part of this project is the development of a consumer landscape as an economic extension of the Alamo that promotes consumption by harmonizing with prevailing Anglo conceptions of ethnic identities; not simply a strategically located commercial zone, but an integral part of the pilgrimage to the monument, providing a mechanism for socialization, including “racialization”, contextualized by commodities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00669.x
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  • 33
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    FRAGMENTS OF POSTWAR LOS ANGELES: THE BLACK DAHLIA IN FACT AND FICTION (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The gruesome murder of Elizabeth Short, a sex worker nicknamed the “Black Dahlia,” created a real-life film noir tale in postwar Los Angeles. In the unsuccessful search for her killer, the tabloid press and psychiatric “experts” indicted all forms of the open sexual expression brought on by the war as complicit. The problematic connection made at the time between the sexually dangerous woman and the corruptions of postwar Los Angeles has been reinforced in the numerous fictional retellings of the case written in the past fifteen years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00670.x
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  • 34
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    OUT OF PLACE IN THE COUNTRY: TRAVELLERS AND THE “RURAL IDYLL” (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: A controversial new Criminal Justice and Public Order Act in Great Britain contains measures to curb the lifestyles of a group known collectively as “New Age Travellers”. This paper examines these travellers as “folk devils” of the Conservative “New Right” on a number of levels: their lifestyle does not conform to that espoused by authoritarian or libertarian Conservatism; moreover, they violate the spatial order of contemporary British society by trespassing against the dominant social representation of the countryside — the “rural idyll”. In Parliamentary debates speakers drew on the rural idyll to defend the exclusivity of access to the countryside. Notably, whilst Gypsies were seen as having a legitimate if highly marginalized position in the rural representation, few saw any place for New Age travellers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00671.x
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  • 35
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    Book Reviews (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: Sarah A. Radcliffe and Sallie Westwood (Eds.) ‘Viva’. Women and popular protest in Latin America. J. Little, Gender, Planning and the Policy Process. Vivian Kinnaird and Derek Hall (Eds.) Tourism: A Gender Analysis. Anne Buttimer, Geography and the Human Spirit. Graham Huggan. Territorial Disputes: Maps and Mapping Strategies in Contemporary Canadian and Australian Fiction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00673.x
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  • 36
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    CONTRADICTIONS ALONG THE COMMODITY ROAD TO ENVIRONMENTAL STABILIZATION: FORESTING GAMBIAN GARDENS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: In the past decade a shift in ecological politics has set off a scramble to “protect” and “defend” putatively pristine ecosystems in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. This aggressive program bespeaks a new sense of manifest ecological destiny among environmental organizations and donors and has given rise to a “politics of stabilization” characterized by new forms of property and labor relationships. This paper traces the impact of ecological policies on commodity production in Gambia where communal market gardens run by women's groups are being converted into privatized orchards managed by male landholders in a state-directed, donor-funded initiative designed to meet stabilization goals. The zealous pursuit of commercial objectives has come at the expense of critical food entitlement and livelihood strategies which currently form the basis of the rural Gambian political economy. The paper uses this evidence to urge reconsidering the politics of environmental intervention.
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    WHOSE WOODS ARE THESE? COUNTER-MAPPING FOREST TERRITORIES IN KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper examines the politics of land and forest rights in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). Forest mapping by government forestry planners allocates rights of resource use and land access according to forest types and economic objectives, only rarely recognizing indigenous occupancy rights or forest territories customarily claimed or managed by local people. As maps and official plans based on them ignore, and in some cases criminalize, traditional rights to forest, forest products, and forest land for temporary conversion to swidden agriculture, indigenous activists are using sketch maps to re-claim territories - a process that requires re-defining many traditional forest rights. The paper considers the political implications of mapping and the implications of a focus on land use rather than forest use.
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    TREES AS TOOLS, TREES AS TEXT: STRUGGLES OVER RESOURCES IN ZAMBRANA-CHACUEY, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The people of the Rural Federation of Zambrana-Chacuey, in the Dominican Republic, are engaged in complex and multivalent struggles over resources in a forest and farm landscape subject to rapid land use change. Acacia mangium, a fast growing tree recently introduced as a timber cash crop, has become an object, a site and a tool of struggle in conflicts between local and state interests, and between women and men. Until recently, tree cutting has been illegal, so the government-approved acacia has reversed the role of trees from liabilities to assets in land tenure. The acacia has also begun to alter the pattern of land use, land cover, and the species composition of the region's forests, gardens, and fields, and could replace women's diverse gardens with single species blocks of timber.
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    Abstracts (1995)
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    LOS ANGELES AFTER THE STORM: THE DIALECTIC OF ORDINARY DISASTER (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This article weighs recent scientific evidence that the urbanization of Southern California has taken place during one of the most unusual episodes of climatic and seismic benignity in the last 3500 years. Official disaster and resource planning, moreover, has been based on record-keeping shorter than the temporal wavelengths of the most important landscape processes. Indeed, the “biblical” flood, fire, and earthquake disasters of the last three years may only be a prelude to seismic and climatic events of far greater magnitude. What will be the future of the Los Angeles area if Congress refuses to continue federal disaster subsidies?
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    INDONESIA'S MEDAN MERDEKA: NATIONAL IDENTITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Indonesia, among the world's most culturally diverse countries, has long grappled with the issues of national unity. This paper explores the meanings of Medan Merdeka [Independence Square] in central Jakarta, Indonesia - a particular site in which symbols for the abstract ideals of political unity and national identity were constructed in an urban space honoring the struggle for national independence. These symbols, however, also expose the struggle to define “Indonesianness” within the international geopolitical milieu of the post-independence years. As such they offer a glimpse into competing interpretations of identity and the real world struggle to impose meaning on the built environment.
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    Book Reviews (1995)
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Book Reviewed in this article: Doug Aberly (Ed.) Boundaries of Home: Mapping for Local Empowerment. James Duncan and David Ley (Eds.) place/culture/representation. Robin Fisher and Hugh Johnston (Eds.) From Maps to Metaphors: Charles Jencks. Heteropolis: Los Angeles, the riots and the strange beauty of hetero-architecture. J. Norwine. A Postmodern Tao: A Guide to Apprehending Ways of Meaning in Pathless Lands. Doreen Massey. Space. place and gender.
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    ABSTRACTS (1995)
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    ‘DON'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT GEOGRAPHY’: POSTHOLE DIGGING IN THE HARDPAN OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHY (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    SITUATED KNOWLEDGE THROUGH EXPLORATION: REFLECTIONS ON BUNGE'S ‘GEOGRAPHICAL EXPEDITIONS’ (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
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    RESEARCHING POPULAR THEATRE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA: COMMENTS ON A METHODOLOGICAL IMPLEMENTATION (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN ACTION AND THEORY: FEMINIST PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH IN GOA, INDIA (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
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    Abstracts (1995)
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    The Illusion of Effluent Charges, or Regulatory Dilution is No Solution to Pollution (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Reply (1982)
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    Response (1982)
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    THE SPATIAL FIX – HEGEL, VON THUNEN, AND MARX (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 13 (1981), S. 0 
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1981)
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    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:Olsson, Gunnar, Birds in Egg/Eggs in Bird REPLaY A Critical Review of The Political Economy of the Welfare State, by Ian Cough. The Geography of Public Finance, by R. J. Bennett
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    Editorial Introduction (1984)
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    A Woman's Place is in the City (1984)
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    Creativity Techniques in Germany (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Creativity and innovation management 5 (1996), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The article gives an overview of the development of creativity techniques in Germany starting with the routes in the 1960s. Typical German methods are described; namely: Brainwriting, Visual Confrontation and Morphological Techniques. Also a software-tool supporting the process of creative problem solving in all phases is presented. The last section deals with a survey in German industry showing significantly that companies applying creativity techniques more frequently and more systematically realize higher levels of business success.
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    Commentary: Innovation and Ignorance (1996)
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    Topics: Economics
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    How Effective Innovative Companies Operate — Lessons from Japanese Strategy (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Creativity and innovation management 4 (1995), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Japan's economic miracle results from a combination of factors including governmental support for selected industries, labor factors, cultural factors, management factors, and corporate strategy. When corporate strategy is examined, it becomes clear that to Japanese firms, strategy is a market share game, with constant striving for lower costs and relative differentiation achieved largely through continuous improvement. At the core of this strategy are product and process innovation. This article describes the typical large- and medium-sized Japanese firms' innovation strategies in terms of several decisions which taken together constitute innovation strategy.
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    Innovation and Competition: Survival Skills Through Stress Reduction (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Notes: As the world economy begins to shift from the industrial states of the past toward marketable service orientations, the need for those adults under highly stressful circumstances to reduce their stress levels becomes imperative. The peak performer, whether in business and industry, education and teaching or any other field, should regard, accept and anticipate stress indicators by using appropriate methods to alleviate that stress before it becomes highly detrimental to employment and personal performance. The utilization of those activities we played as children can become modified tools and techniques for the stressed personality.
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    Book of the Quarter (1995)
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    On The Conceptual Foundations of Creative Problem Solving: A Response to Magyari-Beck (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Letter from Heerlen (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: 1995 promises to become a sparkling year in the development of the European Association for Creativity and Innovation. Patrick Colemont, director of E.A.C.I., invites you to clink a glass and to propose a toast for success.
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    Book Reviews (1995)
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Book review in this ArticleHaridimos Tsoukas (editor), 1994, New Thinking in Organizational Behaviour: From social engineering to reflective actionPatrick D. T. O'Connor, 1994, The Practice of Engineering Management - A New ApproachJohn Naisbitt, 1994, Global Paradox: The bigger the world economy, the more powerful its Smallest PlayersBen-Zion Sandler, 1994, Computer-Aided Creativity.Louis Kraar, Seiichi Takikawa, Japanese MaverickBurkard Sievers, 1994, Work, Death and Life Itself: Essays on Management and Organization
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    Innovation, Creativity and Information Behaviour (1996)
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The inventors of creativity techniques, such as brainstorming, brainwriting, synectics, bionics, and morphological analysis, leave no doubt about the effectiveness of these instruments for generation of new ideas. But definite empirical proof is still lacking. We argue that differences in assessing the creativity techniques exist as a result of ignoring difficulties of users in coping with information behaviour. Most of the structures neglect the problem of information overload. They favour uncontrollable information generation and processing. This leads mainly to slogans, catch-phrases, and aphorisms. Complex follow-up work is required. We argue that an optimal fit is needed between the problem to be solved and the respective creativity technique.
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    Book of the Quarter (1996)
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    Editorial (1996)
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    Editorial (1995)
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    The Emerging Political Perception of Organizations: Two Paradigms (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article examines the premise that increasing concentration of power in large, multinational organizations will eventually necessitate the political control of such organizations to ensure the interests and well-being, however defined, of their host countries. This view assumes that centralized control is necessary to prevent abuses of power by private organizations who are not necessarily concerned with the public good. Another view is the anarchist paradigm, where it is assumed that people and groups, left to sort things out among themselves, will eventually produce outcomes beneficial for the whole. Aligned with this approach is the transformational or emerging paradigm. I will examine the assumptions that underlie each paradigm and leave the reader to decide their relative validity.
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    Planning For Entrepreneurial Innovation: Field Studies in Poland and Ukraine and Lessons Learned (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Notes: Former Socialist Central and Eastern European Countries are working to achieve economic self-sufficiency. The creation of high-value-added jobs to retain their skilled workpeople and the achievement of international economic competitiveness are major challenges they face. In this article the author proposes the strategy of regional economic development through entrepreneurial innovation, with emphasis on technological companies. The viability of this approach, and the lessons learned from it, are assessed using case study material from Poland and Ukraine.
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    REFEREES FOR THE SINGAPORE JOURNAL OF TROPICAL GEOGRAPHY OCTOBER 1997 TO SEPTEMBER 1998 (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 19 (1998), S. 0 
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    GENDER AND URBAN SPACE IN THE TROPICAL WORLD (1997)
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    UPROOTED LIVES: GENDER, VIOLENCE AND DISPLACEMENT IN COLOMBIA (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: During the last decade, more than 600,000 people have been forced to leave rural areas and migrate to regional urban centres in Colombia as a result of political violence in which guerrilla and paramilitary groups and the armed forces are the principal actors. The number of displaced people is still increasing. Nearly 60 per cent of them are women, and at least 25 per cent of the displaced households are headed by women, most of whom are widows. Focusing on three regions of the country - the northern Caribbean Coast, the central Middle Magdalena region and the Eastern Plains - the effects of forced displacement on women and men are analysed in terms of intra-household relationships, survival strategies and gender identities. The paper evaluates the gains and losses for women and men in the process of displacement. It argues that displacement has the strongest impact on women during the stage of “destruction”, while men, confronted with unemployment and loss of identity, are most affected during the stage of “reconstruction”.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1996.tb00091.x
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    URBAN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND WOMEN'S STRATEGIES IN SUSTAINING FAMILY LIVELIHOODS IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The growing of crops on open and undeveloped spaces within urban zones in eastern and southern African cities has become an important source of food security. Urban populations have expanded without a corresponding increase in economic opportunities for employment. Economic reforms have led to the removal of subsidies on food commodities and retrenchments in the formal employment sectors. It is reported that a result of this is that vulnerable households have resorted to urban agriculture to sustain their livelihoods. Though a widespread practice, urban agriculture is not planned for or supported by urban planners and managers as a legitimate form of urban land use in Harare, Zimbabwe. As women are the main participants in urban agriculture, their activities come into direct conflict with planning provisions for urban space. This study examines the role of women in urban agriculture and views and perceptions of the use of urban space for agricultural activities in Harare. It shows that urban agriculture is useful in meeting household food needs by those who undertake it. The study offers empirical insight on the perceptions of the use of space in an urban tropical environment for agriculture, where conflicts can arise as a result of different perceptions and alternative uses.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1996.tb00092.x
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    NEGOTIATING DUALISMS: WOMEN, LOCALITY AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN OAXACA CITY, MEXICO (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper examines the validity of the public/private and reproductive/productive dichotomies commonly adopted in the analysis of gender and employment. It considers three aspects of the dualisms: spatial division, activity patterns and the construction of identities. The discussion is based on fieldwork undertaken in three districts of Oaxaca City, Mexico, between 1992 and 1995. While recognising the usefulness of spatial dualisms within Mexican cities, the paper seeks to identify the ways in which class and location within the urban space affect the construction of the boundary between “public” and “private”, women's “employment” experiences, and women's identities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1996.tb00093.x
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    THE NOTION OF PLACE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HISTORY, NOSTALGIA AND HERITAGE IN SINGAPORE (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: In this paper, we investigate the links between place and time, and the intersections between the geographical imagination and the historical mind. These issues are explored in the context of Singapore by looking at the links between place and three concepts usually associated with the temporal sense — history, nostalgia and heritage. We argue that the two imaginations can be simultaneously engaged by means of a focus on the concept of place. The making of a place is closely intertwined with individual biographies and collective histories; at the same time, place does not record history in an unproblematic way. We next argue that a sense of nostalgia is a yearning to return to a lost period and place and why memory is often best served by anchoring it in the materiality of place. This is precisely the case in the inscription of heritage into the concrete elements of specific sites as a state strategy to codify and naturalise its own version of heritage as part of the the everyday, visible world. In concluding, we reflect on the salience of place. While it lends itself to ideological uses by the powerful, a sense of place is also equally significant in the experiences and aspirations of a people.
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    THE WATER-BEARING CAPACITY OF REGOLITHS IN THE NIGERIAN BASEMENT COMPLEX (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 5 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1984.tb00154.x
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    THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL SYNCHRONIZATION OF PERIODIC MARKET-PLACES: SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS ON TWO AFRICAN PERIODIC MARKET SYSTEMS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 2 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1981.tb00121.x
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    The Cyclical Behavior of Net Exports: Temporary and Persistent Movements (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of international economics 4 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper explores the empirical relationship of net exports, domestic output, and foreign output. It presents evidence supporting a consumption-smoothing motive for trade in goods. Classical models of the international macroeconomy typically allow for trade in claims on both home and foreign output. This paper lends empirical support to this setup by showing that highly transitory shocks to output cause net exports from the country experiencing the shock to rise. Persistent shocks have opposite effects—a result consistent with the role persistent shocks play in signaling future investment opportunities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.1996.tb00085.x
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    EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE COMFORT INDICES FOR SOME MALAYSIAN TOWNS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 2 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1981.tb00115.x
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    SOME GEOPOLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF UNCLOS III CONTINENTAL SHELF PROBLEMS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 2 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1981.tb00116.x
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    A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INDUCED GRASSLANDS OF THE BISMARCK MOUNTAINS, PAPUA NEW GUINEA (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 2 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1981.tb00117.x
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Books reviewed in this article: Women's Voices from the Rainforest. Janet Gabriel Townsend (in collaboration with U. Arrevillaga, J. Bain, S. Cancino, S. Frenk, S. Pacheo and E. Pérez). Divisions and Solidarities: Gender, Class and Employment in Latin America. Alison MacEwen Scott. Women Wielding the Hoe: Lessons from Rural Africa for Feminist Theory and Development Practice. Deborah Fahy Bryceson (ed.). Women and Industrialisation in Asia. Susan Horton (ed.). Women and Work in South Asia. Saraswati Raju and Deipica Bagchi (eds.) ‘Male’ and ‘Female’ in Developing Southeast Asia. Wazir Jahan Karim (ed.) Women of a Lesser Cost: Female Labour, Foreign Exchange and Philippine Development. Sylvia Chant and Cathy Mcllwaine. People who Count: Population and Politics, Women and Children. Dorothy Stein. Reversed Realities. Naila Kabeer Feminism/Postmodernism/Development. Marianne Marchand and Jane Parpart (eds.) Reversing or postmodersing? New books on feminism and development
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    REFEREES FOR SJTG 1996 (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1996.tb00095.x
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    DEVISE AND RULE: COLONIAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF THE BORNEO DAYAK c.1860–1920 (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper considers some of the ways in which travellers, administrators and academics in the colonial period sought to categorise the indigenous groups of Borneo. It focuses on Sarawak and North Borneo between about 1850 and 1920, and examines the use of stereotypical images of exoticism, fear and loathing in constructing different categories of peoples in the region. The paper argues that such categorisations were important in structuring the relationships between ruler and ruled, and in the development of particular regional and local identities.
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    THE RETREAT OF THE FOREST IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: A CARTOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Rapid deforestation is a major problem throughout the tropical world. The conditions and the pace under which societies and economies of the Third World are currently evolving and growing, combined with the specificities of tropical forests, render the latter increasingly vulnerable. Among the major tropical areas of the world, Southeast Asia is perhaps the one where these conditions have had the most impact on the retreat of the forest cover over the last quarter of this century. This is illustrated through the presentation of two maps of the distribution of five basic forest formations in Southeast Asia circa 1970 and circa 1990. The maps are examined and compared, as well as confronted with statistical assessments of deforestation. Finally, the complex causes behind the retreat of the tropical forests as well as the implications of this retreat are briefly discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1996.tb00080.x
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    DIVIDED LANDSCAPES, FRAGMENTED IDENTITIES: EAST BENGAL REFUGEES AND THEIR REHABILITATION IN INDIA, 1947–79 (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947 was followed by the forced uprooting of an estimated 18 million people. This paper focuses on the predicament of the minority communities in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) who were uprooted and forced to seek shelter in the Indian province of West Bengal. It considers the responses of Indian federal and provincial governments to the challenge of refugee rehabilitation. A study is made of the Dandakaranya scheme which was undertaken after 1958 to resettle the refugees by colonising forest land: the project was sited in a peninsular region marked by plateaus and hill ranges which the refugees, originally from the riverine and deltaic landscape of Bengal, found hard to accept. Despite substantial official rehabilitation efforts, the refugees demanded to be resettled back in their “natural habitat” of Indian Bengal. However, this was resisted by the state. Notwithstanding this opposition, a large number of East Bengal refugees moved back into regions which formed a part of erstwhile undivided Bengal where, without any government aid and planning, they colonised lands and created their own habitats. Many preferred to become squatters in the slums that sprawled in and around Calcutta. The complex interplay of identity and landscape, of dependence and self-help, that informed the choices which the refugees made in rebuilding their lives is analysed in the paper.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1996.tb00082.x
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    PORTRAITS OF PLACELESSNESS: BRITISH NINETEENTH-CENTURY IMAGES OF THE AFRICAN LANDSCAPE (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Landscape art provides a window on the world of subjective interpretation and shared perceptions of place. Portraits of places are therefore simultaneously portraits of a society, its preferences and prejudices, and the meaning it imparts to the world. In the nineteenth century, settlers in Africa felt alienated, uncomfortable, abandoned and detached, and their landscape art—both paintings and poetry—was testimony to their emotional and psychological responses to the foreign environment. Both the imported artistic techniques for portraying nat?re and the symbols populating the landscape images revealed the temperament of the pioneers’ attitudes to place.
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    MAN, LAND AND GAME IN SUMBAWA: SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AGRARIAN ECOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN EASTERN INDONESIA (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 5 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1984.tb00150.x
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    VEGETATION PRODUCTIVITY AND THE POTENTIAL POPULATION OF THE CLASSIC MAYA (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 5 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1984.tb00152.x
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    UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN THE TROPICS: THE CASE OF NORTH AUSTRALIA (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 5 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1984.tb00151.x
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    RECENT ROUTE DEVELOPMENTS IN TRADITIONAL URBAN AREAS OF SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA. THE CASE OF ILE-IFE, 1950 TO 1980 (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 5 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1984.tb00153.x
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    POON PUAY-KEE (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 5 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1984.tb00141.x
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    EVOLUTION OF RURAL ROADS IN THE NIGERIA COCOA BELT (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 4 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1983.tb00127.x
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    FORESTRY POLICY IN BALI, INDONESIA (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 4 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1983.tb00139.x
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    THE FORM AND CAUSES OF SLOPE FAILURES IN AN AREA OF WEST SINGAPORE ISLAND (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 4 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1983.tb00140.x
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    Revenue Motives and Trade Liberalization (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of international economics 4 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Governments in more-developed economies partially compensate import-competing industries when world prices fall, i.e., they lean against the wind. Less-developed economies often liberalize in response to the same shock. We use a political-support maximization model with revenue motives to derive conditions under which a rational policymaker would respond to lower woild prices by reducing tariff protection for an import-competing industry. An initial tariff that exceeds the maximum revenue level proves necessary but not sufficient for politically optimal liberalization following a fall in the world price of the importable good.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.1996.tb00103.x
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    Correcting Trade Distortions in a Small Open Economy (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of international economics 4 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper considers the second-best strategy of correcting a wide variety of trade distortions in a small open economy with perfect competition in all markets. Using the tools of duality, we obtain some general properties of the structure and the levels of the optimal taxlsubsidy rates. The paper also analyzes the welfare effects of unilateral piecemeal trade policy reforms when some of the quota distortions—imposed by the foreign countries—are unalterable. It is shown that the merits of unilateral trade policy reforms that are emphasized in the literature crucially depend on the absence of unalterable foreign imposed quotas.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.1996.tb00105.x
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    AGRICULTURE IN SINGAPORE: PROBLEMS OF SPACE AND PRODUCTIVITY (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 4 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1983.tb00133.x
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    POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT IN SELECTED COUNTRIES BORDERING THE PACIFIC (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 3 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1982.tb00234.x
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    THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF URBANIZATION IN MELANESIA (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 3 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1982.tb00235.x
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