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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (11,923)
  • SPACE VEHICLES  (2,695)
  • PROPULSION SYSTEMS  (1,491)
  • 1970-1974  (8,014)
  • 1955-1959  (3,099)
  • 1950-1954  (1,631)
  • 1935-1939  (3,365)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Architecture in outer space (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Mulilayer thin film structures consisting of systems of shells filled with gas at some pressure are recommended for outer space structures: Large mirrors to collect light and radio waves, protection against meteoric impact and damage, and for connectors between state space stations in the form of orbital rings. It is projected that individual orbital rings will multiply and completely seal a star trapping its high temperature radiation and transforming it into low temperature infrared and short wave radio emission; this radiation energy could be utilized for technological and biological processes.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 161-169
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  • 2
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    Spacecraft of the future (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Manned interstellar expeditions require future ion propulsion rocket engines able to achieve a flight velocity of 0.3 times the speed of light, and a closed ecological system onboard the interstellar spacecraft that incorporates biological links and complicated technical facilities to insure long term life support for its crew.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 135-153
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  • 3
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    Spacecraft (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The task of building a spacecraft is compared to the construction of an artificial cybernetic system able to acquire and process information. Typical features for future spacecraft are outlined and the assignment of duties in spacecraft control between automatic devices and the crew is analyzed.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 2-16
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  • 4
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    Reduction of diesel engine exhaust noise in the petroleum mining industry (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An important noise source in a drilling plant is Diesel engine exhaust. In order to reduce this noise, a reactive silencer of the derivative resonator type was proposed, calculated from the acoustic and design point of view and applied. As a result of applying such a silencer on the exhaust conduit of a Diesel engine the noise level dropped down to 18 db.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 156-162
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  • 5
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    Measurements of sonic-boom overpressures from Apollo space vehicles (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper presents representative results of sonic-boom overpressure data recorded during the launch and reentry of the Apollo 15 and 16 space vehicle systems. Comparisons are made between measured overpressures and those predicted using available theory. The measurements were obtained along the vehicle ground track at 68, 87, 92, 129, and 970 km downrange from the launch site during ascent, and at 9, 13, 55, 185, and 500 km from the splash-down point during reentry. Also included are tracings of the sonic-boom signatures along with a brief description of the launch and recovery test areas in which the measurements were obtained, the sonic-boom instrumentation deployment, flight profiles and operating conditions, and high-altitude weather information for the general measurement areas.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 6
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    The community satellite 1 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: NASA's Applications Technology Satellite-6 is being used to test a variety of new space communications concepts requiring the use of a geosynchronous-orbit spacecraft. These include broadcast of health and education television programs to small, low-cost ground receiving units in remote regions. Other studies to be conducted are related to aeronautical and maritime communications, position-location, and traffic-control techniques. Questions concerning spacecraft tracking and data relay are also investigated. The 1,402 kg spacecraft consists essentially of an Earth Viewing Module connected to a deployable reflector antenna. Details regarding the planned experiments and the spacecraft design are discussed and a brief history of the ATS program is presented.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Spaceflight; 16; Sept
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  • 7
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    Electric propulsion - Now (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The state of the art of electric propulsion technology is discussed with a review of the many difficult engineering problems which must be resolved before the incorporation of electric propulsion in space missions. Interferences with the spacecraft and its scientific instrumentation, conducted and radiated electromagnetic interferences during the switching and processing of large electrical loads, and mercury and other eroded materials deposition on the spacecraft are indicated among the engineering and design challenges to be overcome and resolved.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIAA Student Journal; 12; Apr. 197
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  • 8
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    Development of large earth orbital space station (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper outlines the major aspects of the development of large earth orbital space stations. At the outset, the uses of the space station are surveyed and the major systems and configurational drivers enumerated. A representative 12-man space station, studied by the Space Division of North American Rockwell Corporation under NASA contract is described. The subsequent discussion centers around earth-to-orbit logistics and possible future missions with emphasis on the establishment of a branch station geosynchronous orbit. In dealing with the associated transportation between low and high orbits, the concept of a geospace shuttle station oscillating between near-earth and synchronous orbit is compared with conventional shuttle vehicles with chemical and nuclear propulsion. In the final part, the evolution of the 12-man space station to a larger space base is described.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 9
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    Quiet engine from NASA (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Engine designs resulting from the NASA sponsored quiet engine program are described in terms of their possible use on the DC-8. These engines have high bypass ratios for low jet noise and low-speed, low-noise fans. Experiments were carried out on various fan designs with different tip speeds. The advantage of low tip speeds and high lift coefficients has been demonstrated. The engines are equipped with flight-standard nacelles with acoustic suppression. It is estimated that these improvements will reduce DC-8 noise by about 26EPNdB-29EPNdB.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Flight International; 106; July 25
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  • 10
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    Putting all our noise technology to work (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An assessment of the present state of the art in noise reduction technology indicates that this technology has the potential for effectively attaining this goal - a conclusion that is in apparent conflict with the frequently voiced complaints on intolerable noise levels near airports. Measures are suggested for a more vigorous implementation of available technology in practice to combat the aircraft noise problem.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 12; Jan. 197
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  • 11
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    Space Shuttle - The new baseline (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recent design alterations and refinements in the Space Shuttle program are considered with particular attention to the present baseline Shuttle configurations, performance characteristics, mission profiles, and flight and ground operations. Hardware and software development and testing, propulsion systems, entry trajectory events, and payload capability are covered. The refined Space Shuttle system design is characterized as one reflecting firm technical and economic considerations. Systems development is well under way, with all major contractors progressing on schedule.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 12; Jan. 197
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  • 12
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    Stability of a dual-spin satellite with two dampers (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The rotational stability of a dual-spin satellite consisting of a main body and a symmetric rotor, both spinning about a common axis, is investigated. The main body is equipped with a spring-mass damper, while a partially filled viscous ring damper is mounted on the rapidly spinning rotor. The effect of fluid motion on the rotational stability of the satellite is calculated, considering the fluid as a single particle moving in a tube with viscous damping. Time constants are obtained by solving approximate equations of motion for the nutation-synchronous and the spin-synchronous modes, and the results are found to agree well with the numerical integrations of the exact equations. A limit cycle may exist for some configurations; the nutation angle tends to increase in such cases.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; July 197
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  • 13
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    Erosion and the gas turbine engine, part 2 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Procedures for protecting aircraft engines from impact damage due to sand and dust particles are discussed. One system is to develop a filtration system to remove most of the solid particles. Another method is to design blade materials and blade protection coatings. The concepts of erosion within aircraft engines are explained. Curves are presented to show the effect of impingement angle on ductile and elastic modes of erosion. Engine sand and dust ingestion tests were conducted on T63-A-5A engines and the results are produced in graph form. The results of tests conducted in a dynamic erosion facility are analyzed.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 129-145
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  • 14
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    Mars surface-to-orbit vehicles for sample return missions (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of the results of a Mars surface-to-orbit launch vehicle study using an upgraded atmospheric density profile and an ascent trajectory optimization program. Orbit insertion was achieved with velocity losses less than those found in an earlier study. Values of thrust-to-mass ratio which minimize velocity losses for dual-burn vehicles were found to be significantly greater than the values of thrust-to-launch-mass ratio for the minimum-velocity-loss continuous-burn vehicle. The use of a two-stage solid-propellant vehicle employing a spin-stabilized second stage offers an attractive design option for a Mars surface-to-orbit launch vehicle.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; June 197
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  • 15
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    ERTS-1, the spacecraft and its sensors (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The basic objectives of the ERTS-1 mission are defined as follows: (1) to determine what data can be acquired from an orbiting satellite on the natural and cultural resources and on the environment; and (2) to develop and demonstrate the combination of data-acquisition procedures and interpretative techniques which can make this new knowledge available for use in the many facets of man's life. A general description of the satellite's observatory system and its sensors is given, including the thermal control subsystem, the power subsystem, the attitude control subsystem, the orbit adjust subsystem, the telemetry and tracking systems, the communications and data handling subsystem, the return beam vidicon subsystem, the multispectral scanner subsystem, the two wideband video tape recorders, and the data collection subsystem.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Journal of Environmental Sciences; 17; Mar
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  • 16
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    Skylab 1 and 2 - Pilots' report (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Details of powered flight are considered, giving attention to the lift-off, engine thrust, and separation from the S-1VB stage. The rendezvous checklist was performed on time and exactly prior to the first phasing maneuver. The Command Service Module was finally maneuvered to a position for hard docking. Attention is given to aspects of extravehicular activity during the mission and delays experienced in the separation procedure.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 17
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    Pioneer 10 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: On Dec. 4, 1973, after 21 months in flight, Pioneer 10 passed by Jupiter at a distance within 130,000 km of its cloud tops. During the month before and after, instrumentation on the spacecraft made a number of scientific measurements of the Jupiter environment, thus completing one of three scientific objectives of the mission. Previously, Pioneer 10 had explored the asteroid belt and had completed the second scientific objective by determining that the belt did not present a hazard to spacecraft passing through it. The third objective, the exploration of interplanetary phenomena, started with the launch of Pioneer 10 and will not be completed until 1977 when the spacecraft nears the orbit of Uranus and the signal from the spacecraft becomes too weak to be heard at ground receivers.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Science; 183; Jan. 25
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  • 18
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    Influence of noise requirements on STOL propulsion system designs (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: The severity of proposed noise goals for STOL systems has resulted in a new design approach for aircraft propulsion systems. It has become necessary to consider the influence of the noise goal on the design of engine components, engine systems, and the integrated nacelle, separately and collectively, from the onset of the design effort. This integrated system design approach is required in order to effect an optimization of the propulsion and aircraft system. Results from extensive design studies and pertinent test programs are presented which show the effect of noise specifications on component and system design, and the trade-offs possible of noise versus configuration and performance. The design optimization process of propulsion systems for powered lift systems is presented beginning with the component level and proceeding through to the final integrated propulsion system. Designs are presented which are capable of meeting future STOL noise regulations and the performance, installation and economic penalties are assessed as a function of noise level.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AGARD V(STOL Propulsion Systems; 17 p
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  • 19
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    Space processing experiments on sounding rockets (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The use of sounding rockets for the conduct of, and verification of, processing experiments and techniques under conditions of weightlessness are summarized. The experimental payloads, project management, mission schedules are also discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Proc. of the 3d Space Processing Symp. on Skylab Results, Vol. 2; p 565-579
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  • 20
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    SERT D spacecraft study (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The SERT D (Space Electric Rocket Test - D) study defines a possible spacecraft project that would demonstrate the use of electric ion thrusters for long-term (5 yr) station keeping and attitude control of a synchronous orbit satellite. Other mission objectives included in the study were: station walking to satellite rendezvous and inspection, use of low cost attitude sensing system, use of an advanced solar array orientation and slip ring system, and an ion thruster integrated directly with a solar array power source. The SERT D spacecraft, if launched, will become SERT 3 the third space electric thruster test.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71494
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  • 21
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    Flight velocity effects on jet noise of several variations of a twelve-chute suppressor installed on a plug nozzle (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Because of the relatively high takeoff speeds of supersonic transport aircraft, it is important to know whether the flight velocity effects the noise level of suppressor nozzles. To investigate this, a modified F-106B aircraft was used to conduct a series of flyover and static tests on a 12-chute suppressor installed on an uncooled plug nozzle. Comparison of flyover and static spectra indicated that flight velocity adversely affected noise suppressions of the 12-chute configurations.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2918 , E-7449
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  • 22
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    FORTRAN program to generate engine inlet flow contour maps and distortion parameters (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A computer program is presented and described that generates jet engine inlet flow contour maps and inlet flow distortion parameters. The program input consists of an array of measurements describing the flow conditions at the engine inlet. User-defined distortion parameters may be calculated.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2967 , E-7572
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  • 23
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    Thrust performance of isolated plug nozzles with two types of 40-spoke noise suppressor at Mach numbers from 0 to 0.45 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Plug nozzles with two types of 40-spoke noise suppressor were tested at free-stream Mach numbers from 0 to 0.45 and over a range of nozzle pressure ratios from 1.5 to 4.0. In additon, an unsuppressed plug nozzle and a Supersonic Tunnel Association nozzle were also tested to provide baseline levels of thrust performance. The unsuppressed plug nozzle had an efficiency of 98 percent at an assumed takeoff pressure ratio of 3.0 and at Mach 0.36. At the same condition the suppressor nozzles had efficiencies of approximately 83.5 percent.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2951 , E-7541
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  • 24
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    Flight velocity effects on jet noise of several variations of a 48-tube suppressor installed on a plug nozzle (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Because of the relatively high takeoff speeds of supersonic transport aircraft, it is important to know if the flight velocity affects the noise level of suppressor nozzles. To investigate this, a modified F-106B aircraft was used to conduct a series of flyover and static tests on a 48-tube suppressor installed on an uncooled plug nozzle. Comparison of flyover and static spectra indicated that flight velocity had little effect on the noise suppression of the 48-tube suppressor configuration. However, flight velocity adversely affected noise suppression of the 48-tube suppressor with an acoustic shroud and plug installed.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2919 , E-7513
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  • 25
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    SERT C project study (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The SERT C (Space Electric Rocket Test - C) project study defines a spacecraft mission that would demonstrate the technology readiness of ion thruster systems for primary propulsion and station keeping applications. As a low cost precursor, SERT C develops the components and systems required for subsequent Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) applications. The SERT C mission requirements and preliminary spacecraft and subsystem design are described.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71508
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  • 26
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    Apollo experience report: Thermal protection subsystem (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Apollo command module was the first manned spacecraft to be designed to enter the atmosphere of the earth at lunar-return velocity, and the design of the thermal protection subsystem for the resulting entry environment presented a major technological challenge. Brief descriptions of the Apollo command module thermal design requirements and thermal protection configuration, and some highlights of the ground and flight testing used for design verification of the system are presented. Some of the significant events that occurred and decisions that were made during the program concerning the thermal protection subsystem are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7564 , JSC-S-383
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  • 27
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    Two-dimensional cold-air cascade study of a film-cooled turbine stator blade. 1: Experimental results of pressure-surface film cooling tests (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The effect of film coolant ejection from the pressure side of a stator blade was determined in a two-dimensional cascade. Stator exit surveys were made for each of six rows of coolant holes. Successive multirow tests were made with two, three, four, five, and six rows of coolant holes open. The results of the multirow tests are compared with the predicted multirow performance obtained by adding the single-row data. Results are presented in terms of stator primary-air efficiency as a function of coolant fraction.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3045 , E-7817
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  • 28
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    Computer-aided space shuttle orbiter wing design study (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An analytical and experimental investigation has been made to provide a space shuttle orbiter wing design that met the guideline requirements of landing performance, stability, and hypersonic trim for a specified center-of-gravity envelope. The analytical study was facilitated by the use of the Optimal Design Integration system (ODIN) and the experimental part of the investigation was conducted in the Langley low-turbulence pressure tunnel and the Langley continuous-flow hypersonic tunnel.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7478 , L-9099
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  • 29
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    Centaur Standard Shroud (CSS) full jettison test dynamic analysis (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: During the space power facility jettison tests, the non-domed half of the Centaur standard shroud was allowed to completely separate from its hinge connection and was caught in a horizontal catch net. A rigid body dynamic analysis that was performed to predict the half shroud prior to and after net contact is presented. Analytical predictions of the longitudinal and circumferential bending moments imposed on the half shroud by the catch net and the net pressure on the half shroud corrugated skin are also presented.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71537 , E-7943
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  • 30
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    Removal of spacecraft-surface particulate contaminants by simulated micrometeoroid impacts (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A series of hypervelocity impacts has been conducted in an exploding lithium-wire accelerator to examine with a far-field holographic system the removal of particulate contaminants from external spacecraft surfaces subjected to micrometeoroid bombardment. The impacting projectiles used to simulate the micrometeoroids were glass spheres nominally 37 microns in diameter, having velocities between 4 and 17 km/sec. The particulates were glass spheres nominally 25, 50, and 75 microns in diameter which were placed on aluminum targets. For these test, particulates detached had velocities that were log-normally distributed. The significance of the log-normal behavior of the ejected-particulate velocity distribution is that the geometric mean velocity and the geometric standard deviation are the only two parameters needed to model completely the process of particles removed or ejected from a spacecraft surface by a micrometeoroid impact.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7494 , L-9269
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  • 31
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    Apollo experience report the command and service module milestone review process (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The sequence of the command and service module milestone review process is given, and the Customer Acceptance Readiness Review and Flight Readiness Review plans are presented. Contents of the System Summary Acceptance Documents for the two formal spacecraft reviews are detailed, and supplemental data required for presentation to the review boards are listed. Typical forms, correspondence, supporting documentation, and minutes of a board meeting are included.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7599 , JSC-S-389
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  • 32
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    Results of investigations on a 0.010-scale model of the configuration 3 space shuttle orbiter and external tank in the NASA/Ames Research Center 3.5-foot hypersonic wind tunnel (IA15) (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experimental aerodynamic investigations were conducted in a 3.5-foot hypersonic wind tunnel. The model used for this test was a 0.010-scale of the Configuration 2 Space Shuttle Orbiter and the External Tank. Six-component aerodynamic force and moment data were recorded over an angle of attack range from -8 deg to +30 deg at 0 deg and 5 deg angles of sideslip. Data was also recorded during beta sweeps of -8 deg to +10 deg at angles of attack of -10 deg, 0 deg, and 30 deg. All testing was done at Mach 7.3. Various elevon, rudder and orbiter to external tank attaching structures and fairings were tested to determine longitudinal and lateral-directional stability characteristics. Non-metric exhaust plumes were installed during a portion of the testing to determine the effects of the main propulsion system rocket plumes.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134089 , DMS-DR-2102
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  • 33
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    Feasibility of space disposal of radioactive nuclear waste. 2: Technical summary (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The feasibility of transporting radioactive waste produced in the process of generating electricity in nuclear powerplants into space for ultimate disposal was investigated at the request of the AEC as a NASA in-house effort. The investigation is part of a broad AEC study of methods for long-term storage or disposal of radioactive waste. The results of the study indicate that transporting specific radioactive wastes, particularly the actinides with very long half-lives, into space using the space shuttle/tug as the launch system, appears feasible from the engineering and safety viewpoints. The space transportation costs for ejecting the actinides out of the solar system would represent less than a 5-percent increase in the average consumer's electric bill.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2912 , E-7676
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  • 34
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    Basic performance of a multilayer insulation system containing 20 to 160 layers (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the thermal effectiveness of an aluminized Mylar-silk net insulation system containing up to 160 layers. The experimentally measured heat flux was compared with results predicted by using (1) a previously developed semi-empirical equation and (2) an effective-thermal-conductivity value. All tests were conducted at a nominal hot-boundary temperature of 294 K (530 R) with liquid hydrogen as the heat sink. The experimental results show that the insulation performed as expected and that both the semi-empirical equation and effective thermal conductivity of a small number of layers were adequate in predicting the thermal performance of a large number of layers of insulation.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7659 , E-7815
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  • 35
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    Vacuum jacketed composite propulsion feedlines for cryogenic launch and space vehicles. Volume 2: Appendixes (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: For abstract, see N74-18505.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134554
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  • 36
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    Results of low speed wind tunnel tests on a .0405 scale model Rockwell Space Shuttle Orbiter tested both in free air and in the presence of a ground plane (OA16) (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experimental aerodynamic investigations were conducted on a .0405 scale representation of the space shuttle orbiter in a 7.75 x 11 foot low speed wind tunnel during the time period March 21, to April 17, 1973. The primary test objectives were to investigate both the aerodynamic and propulsion effects of various air breathing engine systems in free air and in the presence of the ground. The free air portion of this test investigated the aerodynamic effects of engine nacelle number, nacelle grouping, and nacelle location. For this testing the model was sting mounted on a six component internal strain gage balance entering through the model base. The ground plane portion of the aerodynamic test investigated the same nacelle effects at ground plane locations of full scale W.P. = 239.9, 209.3, 158.9, 108.5, and 7.78 in. At the conclusion of the aerodynamic test period the propulsion effects of various nacelle locations and freestream orientations in the presence of the ground were investigated.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-128793 , DMS-DR-2038
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  • 37
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    Method for compression molding of thermosetting plastics utilizing a temperature gradient across the plastic to cure the article (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A method is described for compression molding of thermosetting plastics composition. Heat is applied to the compressed load in a mold cavity and adjusted to hold molding temperature at the interface of the cavity surface and the compressed compound to produce a thermal front. This thermal front advances into the evacuated compound at mean right angles to the compression load and toward a thermal fence formed at the opposite surface of the compressed compound.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 38
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    Method of fabricating an article with cavities (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An article having a cavity with a thin bottom wall is provided by assembling a thin sheet, for example, a metal sheet, adjacent to the surface of a member having one or more apertures. A bonding adhesive is interposed between the thin sheet and the subadjacent member, and the thin sheet is subjected to a high fluid pressure. In order to prevent the differential pressure from being exerted against the thin sheet, the aperture is filled with a plug of solid material having a linear coefficient of thermal expansion higher than that of the member. When the assembly is subjected to pressure, the material is heated to a temperature such that its expansion exerts a pressure against the thin sheet thus reducing the differential pressure.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 39
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    Apollo Saturn 511 effluent measurements from the Apollo 16 launch operations: An experiment (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experiment was performed in conjunction with the Apollo 16 launch to define operational and instrumentational problems associated with launch-vehicle exhaust effluent monitoring. Ground and airborne sampling were performed for CO, CO2, hydrocarbons, and particulates. Sampling systems included filter pads and photometers for particulates and whole-air grab samples for gases. Launch debris was identified in the particulate samples at ground level(taken immediately after launch) and in the airborne measurements (taken 40 to 50 minutes after launch approximately 40 km downwind of the pad). Operational problems were identified and included the need for higher instrumentation mobility and the need for real-time sampling instrumentation as opposed to collection-type samples such as the whole-air grab sample.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2910 , L-9097
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  • 40
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    Solar array study for solar electric propulsion spacecraft for the Encke rendezvous mission (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The work is described which was performed on the design, analysis and performance of a 20 kW rollup solar array capable of meeting the design requirements of a solar electric spacecraft for the 1980 Encke rendezvous mission. To meet the high power requirements of the proposed electric propulsion mission, solar arrays on the order of 186.6 sq m were defined. Because of the large weights involved with arrays of this size, consideration of array configurations is limited to lightweight, large area concepts with maximum power-to-weight ratios. Items covered include solar array requirements and constraints, array concept selection and rationale, structural and electrical design considerations, and reliability considerations.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-136860 , JPL-TM-33-668
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  • 41
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    Performance of a hydrogen burner to simulate air entering scramjet combustors (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Tests were conducted to determine the performance of a hydrogen burner used to produce a test gas that simulates air entering a scramjet combustor at various flight conditions. The test gas simulates air in that it duplicates the total temperature, total pressure, and the volume fraction of oxygen of air at flight conditions. The main objective of the tests was to determine the performance of the burner as a function of the effective exhaust port area. The conclusions were: (1) pressure oscillations of the chugging type were reduced in amplitude to plus or minus 2 percent of the mean pressure level by proper sizing of hydrogen, oxygen, and air injector flow areas; (2) combustion efficiency remained essentially constant as the exhaust port area was increased by a factor of 3.4; (3) the mean total temperature determined from integrating the exit radial gas property profiles was within plus or minus 5 percent of the theoretical bulk total temperature; (4) the measured exit total temperature profile had a local peak temperature more than 30 percent greater than the theoretical bulk total temperature; and (5) measured heat transfer to the burner liner was 75 percent of that predicted by theory based on a flat radial temperature profile.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7567 , L-9363
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  • 42
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    Experimental investigation of a 4 and 1/2 stage turbine with very high stage loading factor. 2: Turbine performance (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The experimental test program results of a 4 1/2-stage turbine with a very high stage loading factor are presented. A four-stage turbine was tested with and without outlet turning vanes. The 4 1/2-stage turbine achieved a design point total-to-total efficiency of 0.853. The outlet turning vane design point performance was 0.4 percent of the overall 4 1/2-stage turbine efficiency. Tests were conducted at various levels of Reynolds number and indicated decreases in turbine efficiency and equivalent weight flow with decreasing Reynolds number.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-2363 , R73AEG163
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  • 43
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    Single-stage experimental evaluation of tandem-airfoil rotor and stator blading for compressors. Part 7: Data and performance for stage E (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An axial flow compressor stage, having tandem airfoil blading, was designed for zero rotor prewhirl, constant rotor work across the span, and axial discharge flow. The stage was designed to produce a pressure ratio of 1.265 at a rotor tip velocity of 757 ft/sec. The rotor has an inlet hub/tip ratio of 0.8. The design procedure accounted for the rotor inlet boundary layer and included the effects of axial velocity ratio and secondary flow on blade row performance. The objectives of this experimental program were (1) to obtain performance with uniform and distorted inlet flow for comparison with the performance of a stage consisting of single-airfoil blading designed for the same vector diagrams and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of accounting for the inlet boundary layer, axial velocity ratio, and secondary flows in the stage design.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134529 , FR-5955
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  • 44
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    Apollo experience report: Development and use of specialized radio equipment for Apollo recovery operations (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: New personal communications equipment was required for the Apollo Program recovery operations. Two new, small, personal radios were developed and used successfully in the Apollo recovery program.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7587 , JSC-S-385
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  • 45
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    Exploratory tests of two strut fuel injectors for supersonic combustion (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results of supersonic mixing and combustion tests performed with two simple strut injector configurations, one with parallel injectors and one with perpendicular injectors, are presented and analyzed. Good agreement is obtained between static pressure measured on the duct wall downstream of the strut injectors and distributions obtained from one-dimensional calculations. Measured duct heat load agrees with results of the one-dimensional calculations for moderate amounts of reaction, but is underestimated when large separated regions occur near the injection location. For the parallel injection strut, good agreement is obtained between the shape of the injected fuel distribution inferred from gas sample measurements at the duct exit and the distribution calculated with a multiple-jet mixing theory. The overall fraction of injected fuel reacted in the multiple-jet calculation closely matches the amount of fuel reaction necessary to match static pressure with the one-dimensional calculation. Gas sample measurements with the perpendicular injection strut also give results consistent with the amount of fuel reaction in the one-dimensional calculation.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7581 , L-9428
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  • 46
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    Spacecraft control section for the improved Small Astronomy Satellite (SAS) (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The upgraded spacecraft control section for the Small Astronomy Satellite is able to point its thrust axis to any direction in space; it can also spin or slow its outer body rotation to zero for star-locked pointing of side viewing experiments. A programmable telemetry system and delayed command system enhance the inherent capability of a spacecraft designed to be used for a variety of experiments, each of which can be built independently and attached just prior to final acceptance testing and launch. The design of this new spacecraft, whose first launch is scheduled for 1975, is provided in sufficient detail to permit the reader to ascertain its suitability for specific experiments. A summary of the spacecraft characteristics, project reliability requirements, and environmental test conditions are included in the appendices.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70569 , X-405-74-7
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  • 47
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    Jet engine exhaust noise due to rough combustion and nonsteady aerodynamic sources (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 56
    Format: text
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  • 48
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    Automatic spacecraft detumbling by internal mass motion (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In the operation of future manned space vehicles, there will always be a finite probability that an accident will occur which results in uncontrolled tumbling of a craft. Hard docking by a manned rescue vehicle is not acceptable because of the hazardous environment to which rescue crewmen would be exposed and excessive maneuvering accelerations during docking operations. A movable-mass control concept, which is activated upon initiation of tumbling and is autonomous, can convert tumbling motion into simple spin. The complete equations of motion for an asymmetric rigid spacecraft containing a movable mass are presented, and appropriate control law and system parameters are selected to minimize kinetic energy, resulting in simple spin about the major principal axis. Simulations indicate that for a large space station experiencing a collision, which results in tumbling, a 1% movable mass is capable of stabilizing motion in 2 hr.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Apr. 197
    Format: text
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  • 49
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    A movable-mass attitude stabilization system for cable-connected artificial-g space stations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The development of an active, momentum-exchange system to be used for attitude stabilization of a class of cable-connected artificial-g space stations is studied. A system which employs a single movable control mass is examined for the control of a space station which has the physical appearance of two cylinders connected axially by cables. The dynamic model for the space station includes its aggregate rigid body rotation and relative torsional rotation between the bodies. A zero torsional stiffness design (one cable) and a maximum torsional stiffness design (eight cables) are examined in various stages of deployment, for selected spin velocities ranging from 4 rpm upwards. A linear, time-invariant, feed-back control system is employed, with gains calculated via a root-specification procedure. The movable mass controller provides critical wobble-damping capability for the crew quarters for all configurations and spin velocity.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; Mar. 197
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  • 50
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    Investigations on an 0.030-scale space shuttle vehicle configuration 140A/B orbiter model in the Ames Research Center 9 by 7-foot supersonic wind tunnel (OA53B) (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A wind tunnel test of an 0.030-scale space shuttle vehicle orbiter configuration 140A/B model was conducted in the Ames Research Center 9- by 7-foot supersonic wind tunnel. This part of test series OA53 was conducted at Mach numbers of 1.60 and 2.00 and at Reynolds numbers ranging from 1.0 million per foot to 4.0 million per foot. The objective was to establish and verify longitudinal and lateral-directional aerodynamic performance, stability, and control characteristics for the configuration 140A/B SSV orbiter. Reynolds number studies were performed on certain nominal control-setting configurations, and examinations were made of the incremental effects of an alternate wing leading-edge configuration and of a sealed elevon-split construction. Six-component force and moment data, base and cavity pressures, bodyflap, elevon, speedbrake, and rudder hinge moments, and vertical tail forces and moments were measured for the orbiter.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134119 , DMS-DR-2178
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  • 51
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    Heat transfer tests of an 0.006-scale thin skin space shuttle thermocouple model (41-0) in the Langley Research Center variable density tunnel at M equals 8 (OH13) (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Orbiter entry heating distributions were obtained, and phase change paint data was correlated with thermocouple data during a program of heat transfer testing on a 0.006 scale space shuttle orbiter vehicle. The orbiter was tested at 0, 30, and 35 degrees angle of attack at Reynolds numbers of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 million per foot. Temperature data were obtained from a total of 57 thermocouples.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134101 , DMS-DR-2096
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  • 52
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    Results of tests in the NASA/LaRC 31-inch CFHT on an 0.010-scale model (32-OT) of the space shuttle configuration 3 to determine the RCS jet flowfield interaction effects on aerodynamic characteristics (IA60/0A105), volume 2 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Tests were conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center 31-inch continuous flow hypersonic wind tunnel from 14 February to 22 February 1974, to determine RCS jet interaction effect on the hypersonic aerodynamic and stability and control characteristics prior to RTLS abort separation. The model used was an 0.010-scale replica of the space shuttle vehicle configuration 3. Hypersonic stability data were obtained from tests at Mach 10.3 and dynamic pressure of 150 psf for the intergrated orbiter and external tank and the orbiter alone. RCS modes of pitch, yaw, and roll at free flight dynamic pressure simulation of 7, 20, and 50 psf were investigated. The effects of speedbrake, bodyflap, elevon, and aileron deflections were also investigated.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134106 , DMS-DR-2137-VOL-2
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  • 53
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    Investigation of space shuttle orbiter subsonic stability and control characteristics in the NAAL low speed wind tunnel (OA62B), volume 2 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experimental aerodynamic investigations were conducted on a sting-mounted 0.0405 scale representation of the 140A/B space shuttle orbiter in a 7.75 ft by 11 ft low speed wind tunnel during the period from November 14, 1973 to December 6, 1973. Establishment of basic longitudinal stability characteristics in and out of ground effect, and the establishment of lateral-directional stability characteristics in free air were the primary test objectives. The following effects and configurations were tested: (1) two dual podded nacelle configurations; (2) stability and control characteristics at nominal elevon deflections, rudder deflections, airleron deflections, rudder flare angles, and body flap deflections; (3) effects of various elevon and elevon/fuselage gaps on longitudinal stability and control; (4) pressures on the vertical tail at spanwise stations using pressure bugs; (5) aerodynamic force and moment data measured in the stability axis system by an internally mounted, six-component strain gage balance. For Vol. 1, see N74-32324.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134113 , DMS-DR-2104-VOL-2
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  • 54
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    A study of the feasibility of directly applying gas generator systems to space shuttle mechanical functions (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This study examined the current status and potential application of pyrotechnic gas generators and energy convertors for the space shuttle program. While most pyrotechnic devices utilize some form of linear actuation, only limited use of rotary actuators has been observed. This latter form of energy conversion, using a vane-type actuator as optimum, offers considerable potential in the area of servo, as well as non-servo systems, and capitalizes on a means of providing prolonged operating times. Pyrotechnic devices can often be shown to provide the optimum means of attaining a truly redundant back-up to a primary, non-pyrotechnic system.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-2454
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  • 55
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    Eight cm technology thruster development (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A structural integrated ion thruster with 8-cm beam diameter (SIT-8) was developed for attitude control and stationkeeping of synchronous satellites. As optimized, the system demonstrates a thrust T=1.14 mlb (not corrected for beam V sub B = 1200 V (I sub sp = 2200 sec) total propellant utilization efficiency nu sub u = 59.8% (is approximately 72% without auxiliary pulse-igniter electrode), and electrical efficiency n sub E 61.9%. The thruster incorporates a wire-mesh anode and tantalum cover surfaces to control discharge chamber flake formation and employs an auxiliary pulse-igniter electrode for hollow-cathode ignition. When the SIT-8 is integrated with the compatible SIT-5 propellant tankage, the system envelope is 35 cm long by 13 cm flange bolt circle with a mass of 9.8 kg including 6.8 kg of mercury propellant. Two thrust vectoring systems which generate beam deflections in two orthogonal directions were also developed under the program and tested with the 8-cm thruster. One system vectors the beam over + or - 10 degrees by gimbaling of the entire thruster (not including tankage), while the other system vectors the beam over + or - 7 degrees by translating the accel electrode relative to the screen electrode.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134685
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  • 56
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    Overall and blade-element performance of a 1.20-pressure-ratio fan stage at design blade setting angle (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A 51-cm-diam. model of a short-haul fan stage was tested. Surveys of the air flow conditions ahead of the rotor, between the rotor and stator, and behind the stator were made over the stable operating range of the stage. At the design speed of 213.3 m/sec and weight flow of 26.7 kg/sec, the stage pressure ratio and efficiency are 1.18 and 0.87, respectively. The rotor peak efficiency of 0.92 occurred at flow rate of 30.5 kg/sec. Peak stage efficiency of 0.09 was obtained at 110 percent speed at a pressure ratio of 1.218 and a weight flow of 30.2 kg/sec. Maximum stage pressure ratio is 1.269 at 120 percent speed.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3101 , E-7791
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  • 57
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    Task 12 data dump (phase 2) OME integrated thrust chamber test report (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The characteristics and performance of the orbit maneuvering engine for the space shuttle are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the regeneratively cooled thrust chamber of the engine. Tests were conducted to determine engine operating parameters during the start, shutdown, and restart. Characteristics of the integrated thrust chamber and the performance and thermal conditions for blowdown operation without supplementary boundary layer cooling were investigated. The results of the test program are presented.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-140250 , ASR74-229
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  • 58
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    Preparing oxidizer coated metal fuel particles (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A solid propellant composition of improved efficiency is described which includes an oxidizer containing ammonium perchlorate, and a powered metal fuel, preferably aluminum or beryllium, in the form of a composite. The metal fuel is contained in the crystalline lattice framework of the oxidizer, as well as within the oxidizer particles, and is disposed in the interstices between the oxidizer particles of the composition. The propellant composition is produced by a process comprising the crystallization of ammonium perchlorate in water, in the presence of finely divided aluminum or beryllium. A suitable binder is incorporated in the propellant composition to bind the individual particles of metal with the particles of oxidizer containing occluded metal.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
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  • 59
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    Apparatus for forming drive belts (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An apparatus for manufacturing belts, such as seamless belts, is provided, the apparatus has relatively movable rollers that are mounted in an oven. A belt blank, for example, of a thin polyester film, is rotated on the rollers as heat is applied. Four rollers, each mounted on a separate roller assembly, are movable along appropriate tracks while a fifth centrally located roller is stationary. A pair of dc motors are operatively connected to a speed reduction gear assembly to provide a pair of rotating drive shafts that extend into the oven. One rotating shaft drives all of the rollers through a rotational gear assembly while the other drive shaft is capable of positioning the movable rollers through respective rotating threaded shafts. Control devices are provided for controlling the motors while measuring devices are operatively connected to the positional drive shaft to indicate the position of the rollers.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 60
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    The definition and specification of the near earth environmental criteria for spacecraft thermal design (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The variation of the earth's thermal and albedo radiation received by a near-earth orbiting space vehicle or space payload as a result of temporal variation of the earth atmosphere is discussed. A statistical study of current satellite data for determining probability distributions is proposed. With these distributions the thermal designer can define confidence levels on predicted temperature ranges which are compatible with engineering models for use in design, failure probabilities, and spacecraft cost estimates. Use of the distributions in environmental criteria guidelines is also considered.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-64870
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  • 61
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    Asymmetrical booster ascent guidance and control system design study. Volume 1: Summary (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Dynamics and control, stability, and guidance analyses are summarized for the asymmetrical booster ascent guidance and control system design studies, performed in conjunction with space shuttle planning. The mathematical models developed for use in rigid body and flexible body versions of the NASA JSC space shuttle functional simulator are briefly discussed, along with information on the following: (1) space shuttle stability analysis using equations of motion for both pitch and lateral axes; (2) the computer program used to obtain stability margin; and (3) the guidance equations developed for the space shuttle powered flight phases.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134398 , REPT-5-2581-HOU-154-VOL-1
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  • 62
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    Asymmetrical booster guidance and control system design study. Volume 3: Space shuttle vehicle SRB actuator failure study (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The investigation of single actuator failures on the space shuttle solid rocket booster required the analysis of both square pattern and diamond pattern actuator configurations. It was determined that for failures occuring near or prior to the region of maximum dynamic pressure, control gain adjustments can be used to achieve virtually nominal mid-boost vehicle behavior. A distinct worst case failure condition was established near staging that could significantly delay staging. It is recommended that the square pattern be retained as a viable alternative to the baseline diamond pattern because the staging transient is better controlled resulting in earlier staging.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134400 , REPT-5-2581-HOU-154-VOL-3
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    Space shuttle SRM interim contract, part 1 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Essential studies and analyses required to integrate the SRM into the booster and overall space shuttle system. Emphasis was placed on the case, nozzle, insulation, and propellant components with resulting performance, weight, and structural load characteristics being generated. Effort conducted during the time period of this contract included studies, analyses, planning, and preliminary design activities. Technical requirements identified in the SRM Project Request for Proposal No. 8-1-4-94-98401 and Thiokol's proposed SRM design (designated Configuration 0) established the basis for this effort. The requirements were evaluated jointly with MSFC and altered where necessary to incorporate new information that evolved after issuance of the RFP and during the course of this interim contract. Revised water impact loads and load distributions were provided based on additional model test data and analytical effort conducted by NASA subsequent to the RFP release. Launch pad peaking loads into the SRM aft skirt were provided which also represented a change from RFP requirements. A modified SRM/External Tank (ET) attachment configuration with new structural load data was supplied by NASA, and direction was received to include a 2 percent inert weight contingency.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-120404 , TWR-10075-PT-1 , PUBL-74334-PT-1
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    GEOS observation systems intercomparison investigation results (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The results of an investigation designed to determine the relative accuracy and precision of the different types of geodetic observation systems used by NASA is presented. A collocation technique was used to minimize the effects of uncertainties in the relative station locations and in the earth's gravity field model by installing accurate reference tracking systems close to the systems to be compared, and by precisely determining their relative survey. The Goddard laser and camera systems were shipped to selected sites, where they tracked the GEOS satellite simultaneously with other systems for an intercomparison observation.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70722 , X-932-74-212
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    Atmospheric entry probes for outer planet exploration. Outer planet entry probe technical summary (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The use of unmanned space probes for investigating the conditions existing on and around the outer planets of the solar system is discussed. The subjects included in the report are: (1) the design of a common entry probe for outer planet missions, (2) the significant trades related to the development of a common probe design, (3) the impact of bus selection on probe design, (4) the impact of probe requirements on bus modifications, and (5) the key technology elements recommended for advanced development. Drawings and illustrations of typical probes are included to show the components and systems used in the space probes.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-137542
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    Operations analysis (study 2.1): Payload designs for space servicing (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Potential modes of operating in space in the space shuttle era are documented. The October 1973 NASA Mission Model provides a definition of various NASA and non-DOD automated payload configurations when employed in an expendable mode. The model also specifies a launch schedule for initial deployment of payloads as well as for subsequent replacements at periodic cycles. This model and its associated payload definitions serve as a foundation for the data presented in this report. The reference model has been revised to reflect automated space servicing of payloads as an operational concept instead of the existing expendable approach. The indication is that the bulk of a payload's subsystems and mission equipment require no support over the lifetime of the program. However, failure of a single unit could result in loss of the mission objectives. When space servicing is employed, the approach is to replace only that unit causing the anomaly. This concept affords an opportunity to standardize space replacable units, as well as to reduce the expense of logistics support, by allowing multiple servicing on any single upper stage/shuttle flight.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-139588 , ATR-74(7341)-3
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  • 67
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    Space shuttle/payload interface analysis. Volume 4: Business Risk and Value of Operations in Space (BRAVO). Part 3: Workbook (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A collection of blank worksheets for use on each BRAVO problem to be analyzed is supplied, for the purposes of recording the inputs for the BRAVO analysis, working out the definition of mission equipment, recording inputs to the satellite synthesis computer program, estimating satellite earth station costs, costing terrestrial systems, and cost effectiveness calculations. The group of analysts working BRAVO will normally use a set of worksheets on each problem, however, the workbook pages are of sufficiently good quality that the user can duplicate them, if more worksheet blanks are required than supplied. For Vol. 1, see N74-12493; for Vol. 2, see N74-14530.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-139592 , ATR-74(7334)-1-VOL-4-PT-3
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  • 68
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    Reusable Agena study. Volume 2: Technical (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The application of the existing Agena vehicle as a reusable upper stage for the space shuttle is discussed. The primary objective of the study is to define those changes to the Agena required for it to function in the reusable mode in the 100 percent capture of the NASA-DOD mission model. This 100 percent capture is achieved without use of kick motors or stages by simply increasing the Agena propellant load by using optional strap-on-tanks. The required shuttle support equipment, launch and flight operations techniques, development program, and cost package are also defined.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-120362 , LMSC-D383059-VOL-2
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  • 69
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    Space shuttle/payload interface analysis. Volume 4: Business Risk and Value of Operations in Space (BRAVO). Part 1: Summary (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Background information is provided which emphasizes the philosophy behind analytical techniques used in the business risk and value of operations in space (BRAVO) study. The focus of the summary is on the general approach, operation of the procedures, and the status of the study. For Vol. 1, see N74-12493; for Vol. 2, see N74-14530.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-139591 , ATR-74(7334)-1-VOL-4-PT-1
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  • 70
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    Hypersonic stability and control characteristics of the Rockwell International 139-B space shuttle orbiter (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The purpose of this study was to determine the hypersonic aerodynamic performance, longitudinal trim, static stability, and the extent of the center-of-gravity boundaries within the design control limits as well as to examine the effect of Reynolds number on the longitudinal stability of the 139-B space shuttle orbiter. A 0.004 scale model (34-0)was tested in helium over an angle-of-attack range of 18 deg to 54 deg at 0 deg and -minus 5 deg sideslip angles. The total pressure was varied for selected configurations to obtain a Reynolds number range, based on model length, from 0.51 million to 3.6 million at Mach numbers between 17.6 and 21.6 Surface oil-flow studies and electron-beam illuminated-flow studies were also conducted at angles-of-attack of 30 deg, 40 deg, and 50 deg for selected Reynolds numbers.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71968
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  • 71
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    Parachute-deployment-parameter identification based on an analytical simulation of Viking BLDT AV-4 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A six-degree-of-freedom analytical simulation of parachute deployment dynamics developed at the Langley Research Center is presented. A comparison study was made using flight results from the Viking Balloon Launched Decelerator Test (BLDT) AV-4. Since there are significant voids in the knowledge of vehicle and decelerator aerodynamics and suspension system physical properties, a set of deployment-parameter input has been defined which may be used as a basis for future studies of parachute deployment dynamics. The study indicates the analytical model is sufficiently sophisticated to investigate parachute deployment dynamics with reasonable accuracy.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7678
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  • 72
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    Reusable Centaur study. Volume 2: Final report (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: For abstract, see N74-31346.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-120373 , CASD-NAS-73-032-VOL-2
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  • 73
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    Payload/orbiter contamination control requirement study (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study was conducted to determine and quantify the expected particulate and molecular on-orbit contaminant environment for selected space shuttle payloads as a result of major shuttle orbiter contamination sources. Individual payload susceptibilities to contamination are reviewed. The risk of payload degradation is identified and preliminary recommendations are provided concerning the limiting factors which may depend on operational activities associated with the payload/orbiter interface or upon independent payload functional activities. A basic computer model of the space shuttle orbiter which includes a representative payload configuration is developed. The major orbiter contamination sources, locations, and flux characteristics based upon available data have been defined and modeled.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-120379 , MCR-74-93
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  • 74
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    MSFC Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A technical history and management critique of the Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) from initial conception through the design, manufacturing, testing and prelaunch phases is presented. A mission performance summary provides a general overview of the ATM's achievements in relationship to its design goals. Recommendations and conclusions applicable to hardware design, test program philosophy and performance, and program management techniques for the ATM with potential application to future programs are also discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-64811
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  • 75
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    MSFC Skylab thermal and environmental control system mission evaluation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An evaluation of the performance of the Skylab thermal and environmental control system is presented. Actual performance is compared to design and functional requirements and anomalies and discrepancies and their resolution are discussed. The thermal and environmental control systems performed their intended role. Based on the experience gained in design, development and flight, recommendations are provided which may be beneficial to future system designs.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-64822
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  • 76
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    Extended temperature range ACPS thruster investigation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The successful hot fire demonstration of a pulsing liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen and gaseous hydrogen/liquid oxygen attitude control propulsion system thruster is described. The test was the result of research to develop a simple, lightweight, and high performance reaction control system without the traditional requirements for extensive periods of engine thermal conditioning, or the use of complex equipment to convert both liquid propellants to gas prior to delivery to the engine. Significant departures from conventional injector design practice were employed to achieve an operable design. The work discussed includes thermal and injector manifold priming analyses, subscale injector chilldown tests, and 168 full scale and 550 N (1250 lbF) rocket engine tests. Ignition experiments, at propellant temperatures ranging from cryogenic to ambient, led to the generation of a universal spark ignition system which can reliably ignite an engine when supplied with liquid, two phase, or gaseous propellants. Electrical power requirements for spark igniter are very low.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134655
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  • 77
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    Space shuttle maneuvering engine reusable thrust chamber program. Task 11: Low Epsilon stability test plan (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The performance and heat transfer characteristics of a doublet element type injector for the space shuttle orbiter maneuvering engine thrust chamber were investigated. Ths stability characteristics were evaluated over a range of chamber pressures and mixture ratios. The specific objectives of the test were: (1) to determine whether stability has been influenced by injection of boundary layer coolant across the cavity entrance, (2) if the injector is stable, to determine the minimum cavity area required to maintain stability, and (3) if the injector is unstable, to determine the effects of entrance geometry and increased area on stability.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134359 , ASR74-204
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  • 78
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    Advanced supersonic technology propulsion system study (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This study had the objectives of determining the most promising conventional and variable cycle engine types; the effect of design cruise Mach number (2.2, 2.7 and 3.2) on a commercial supersonic transport; effect of advanced engine technology on the choice of engine cycle; and effect of utilizing hydrogen as the engine fuel. The technology required for the engines was defined, and the levels of development to ensure availability of this technology in advanced aircraft propulsion systems were assessed. No clearcut best conventional or variable cycle engine was identified. The dry bypass turbojet and the duct burning turbofans were initially selected as the best conventional engines, but later results, utilizing augmentation at takeoff, added the mixed-flow augmented turbofan as a promising contender. The modulating air flow, three-rotor variable cycle engine identified the performance features desired from VCE concepts (elimination of inlet drag and reduction in afterbody drag), but was a very heavy and complex engine.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-143634 , R74AEG330
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  • 79
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    Terminal-shock and restart control of a Mach 2.5, mixed compression inlet coupled to a turbofan engine (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results of an experimental program conducted on a mixed-compression inlet coupled to a turbofan engine are presented. Open-loop frequency response data are presented that show the response of shock position (as measured by an average inlet static pressure) to sinusoidal airflow disturbances produced at the compressor face station. Also presented are results showing the effect of different passive terminations (a choke plate or a long duct) on the characteristics of the inlet. Transfer functions obtained by using experimental data are presented and compared to the experimental data. Closed-loop frequency response of shock position (with a proportional-plus-integral controller) is presented. In addition, transient data are presented that show the unstart-restart characteristics of the inlet.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3104 , E-7924
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  • 80
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    MSFC Skylab electrical power systems mission evaluation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design, development, and operation of the Skylab electrical power system are discussed. The electrical systems for the airlock module of the orbital workshop and the Apollo telescope mount are described. Skylab is considered an integral laboratory, however, both cluster and module hardware distinct sections are included. Significant concept and requirement evolution, testing, and modifications resulting from tests are briefly summarized to aid in understanding the launch configuration description and the procedures and performance discussed for in-orbit operation. Specific problems encountered during Skylab orbital missions are analyzed.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-64818
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  • 81
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    An analysis of the Venera 8 measurements (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Analysis of the Venera 8 measurements yielded equatorial morning terminator horizontal and vertical winds which are similar to the winds obtained from the Venera 7 measurements. The lower boundary of the horizontal retrograde 4-day wind is defined by a 50-60% decrease in wind speed in the vicinity of 44 km and there exists a retrograde wind plateau of 15 to 40 m/s winds extending from 40 km down to the vicinity of 18 km where the winds decrease rapidly to the order of 0.1 m/s near the surface. Up drafts of 2 to 5 m/s exist in the vicinity of 20 to 30 km and are apparently associated with a slightly super adiabatic lapse rate. The temperature lapse-rate, surface radius, surface topography, and atmospheric structure are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70706 , X-623-74-37
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  • 82
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    Comparative evaluation of existing expendable upper stages for space shuttle (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The use of existing expendable upper stages in the space shuttle during its early years of operation is evaluated. The Burner 2, Scout, Delta, Agena, Transtage, and Centaur were each studied under contract by their respective manufacturers to determine the extent and cost of the minimum modifications necessary to integrate the stage with the shuttle orbiter. A comparative economic analysis of thirty-five different families of these stages is discussed. Results show that the overall transportation system cost differences between many of the families are quite small. However, by considering several factors in addition to cost, it is possible to select one family as being representative of the capability of the minimum modification existing stage approach. The selected family meets all of the specified mission requirements during the early years of shuttle operation.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71579 , E-8026
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  • 83
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    Skylab thruster attitude control system (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Preflight activities and the Skylab mission support effort for the thruster attitude control system (TACS) are documented. The preflight activities include a description of problems and their solutions encountered in the development, qualification, and flight checkout test programs. Mission support effort is presented as it relates to system performance assessment, real-time problem solving, flight anomalies, and the daily system evaluation. Finally, the detailed flight evaluation is presented for each phase of the mission using system telemetry data. Data assert that the TACS met or exceeded design requirements and fulfilled its assigned mission objectives.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-64852
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  • 84
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    MSFC Skylab lessons learned (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Key lessons learned during the Skylab Program that could have impact on on-going and future programs are presented. They present early and sometimes subjective opinions; however, they give insights into key areas of concern. These experiences from a complex space program management and space flight serve as an early assessment to provide the most advantage to programs underway. References to other more detailed reports are provided.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-64860
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  • 85
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    Research study on stabilization and control: Modern sampled-data control theory. Continuous and discrete describing function analysis of the LST system (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The dynamics of the Large Space Telescope (LST) control system were studied in order to arrive at a simplified model for computer simulation without loss of accuracy. The frictional nonlinearity of the Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) Control Loop was analyzed in a model to obtain data for the following: (1) a continuous describing function for the gimbal friction nonlinearity; (2) a describing function of the CMG nonlinearity using an analytical torque equation; and (3) the discrete describing function and function plots for CMG functional linearity. Preliminary computer simulations are shown for the simplified LST system, first without, and then with analytical torque expressions. Transfer functions of the sampled-data LST system are also described. A final computer simulation is presented which uses elements of the simplified sampled-data LST system with analytical CMG frictional torque expressions.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-120331
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    A system for spacecraft attitude control and energy storage (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A conceptual design for a double-gimbal reaction-wheel energy-wheel device which has three-axis attitude control and electrical energy storage capability is given. A mathematical model for the three-axis gyroscope (TAG) was developed, and a system of multiple units is proposed for attitude control and energy storage for a class of spacecraft. Control laws were derived to provide the required attitude-control torques and energy transfer while minimizing functions of TAG gimbal angles, gimbal rates, reaction-wheel speeds, and energy-wheel speed differences. A control law is also presented for a magnetic torquer desaturation system. A computer simulation of a three-TAG system for an orbiting telescope was used to evaluate the concept. The results of the study indicate that all control and power requirements can be satisfied by using the TAG concept.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7582 , L-9271
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  • 87
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    Apollo 16 mission report. Supplement 2: Service Propulsion system final flight evaluation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Apollo 16 Mission was the sixteenth in a series of flights using Apollo flight hardware and included the fifth lunar landing of the Apollo Program. The Apollo 16 Mission utilized CSM 113 which was equipped with SPS Engine S/N 66 (Injector S/N 137). The engine configuration and expected performance characteristics are presented. Since previous flight results of the SPS have consistently shown the existence of a negative mixture ratio shift, SPS Engine S/N 66 was reorificed to increase the mixture ratio for this mission. The propellant unbalance for the two major engine firings is compared with the predicted unbalance. Although the unbalance at the end of the TEI burn is significantly different than the predicted unbalance, the propellant mixture ratio was well within limits. The SPS performed six burns during the mission, with a total burn duration of 575.3 seconds. The ignition time, burn duration and velocity gain for each of the six SPS burns are reported.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134365 , TRW-20029-H160-R0-00-SUPPL-2
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  • 88
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    Analytic models of ducted turbomachinery tone noise sources. Volume 3: Program test case results (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Computer programs for analyzing the acoustic properties of turbomachinery with ducted flow were developed. The models include component interactions and rotor alone. Test case results determined from the computer programs are presented.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-132445 , D6-43296-3
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  • 89
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    Development of a short pulsed solid propellant plasma thruster (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The experimental results are summarized that were obtained in the development of a Teflon solid propellant pulsed plasma thruster. The feasibility was established of storing and feeding solid propellant in the form of an open circular loop into an operational thruster. This technique was verified to be practical by feeding over 20 inches of Teflon into a micro-thruster over an accumulated life test of 1858 hours. High energy density capacitors were evaluated under vacuum conditions when the capacitor is coupled directly to a plasma thruster. Numerous early capacitor failures were encountered. It was concluded that essentially all of the failures encountered in a vacuum environment are due to an internal electrical breakdown that will occur inside a capacitor that is not truly hermetically sealed. A steady input power significantly in excess of 130 watts can safely be tolerated if heat conduction can be provided to a sink whose temperature is about 16 C. A vacuum life test of the capacitor bank was carried out while discharging into a milli-lb. (milli-Newton) type pulsed plasma thruster. More than 1500 hours of vacuum testing of this milli-Newton type system has been accumulated without any capacitor problems. Recommendations are made for future capacitor designs.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-139272 , MS172R0001
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  • 90
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    Analytic models of ducted turbomachinery tone noise sources. Volume 2: Subprogram documentation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Analytical models were developed for computing the periodic sound pressures of subsonic fans in an infinite hardwall annular duct with uniform flow. The computer programs are described which are used for numerical computations of sound pressure mode amplitudes. The data are applied to the acoustic properties of turbomachinery.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-132444 , D6-43296-2
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  • 91
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    Analytic models of ducted turbomachinery tone noise sources. Volume 1: Analysis (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The analytic models developed for computing the periodic sound pressure of subsonic fans and compressors in an infinite, hardwall annular duct with uniform flow are described. The basic sound-generating mechanism is the scattering into sound waves of velocity disturbances appearing to the rotor or stator blades as a series of harmonic gusts. The models include component interactions and rotor alone.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-132443 , D6-43296-1
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  • 92
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    Noise generated by quiet engine fans. 2: Fan A (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A significant effort within the NASA Quiet Engine Program has been devoted to acoustical evaluation at the Lewis Research Center noise test facility of a family of full-scale fans. This report, documents the noise results obtained with fan A - a 1.5-pressure-ratio, 1160-ft/sec-tip-speed fan. The fan is described and some aerodynamic operating data are given. Far-field noise around the fan was measured for a variety of configurations pertaining to acoustical treatment and over a range of operating conditions. Complete results of 1/3-octave band analysis of the data are presented in tabular form. Included also are power spectra and sideline perceived noise levels. Some representative 1/3-octave band data are presented graphically, and sample graphs of continuous narrow-band spectra are also provided.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3066 , E-7857
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 93
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    Instantaneous distortion in a Mach 2.5, 40-percent-internal-contraction inlet and its effect on turbojet stall margin (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experimental wind tunnel investigation was conducted to determine the effects of time-variant distortions produced in a supersonic inlet on a J85-GE-13 turbojet engine. Results are presented principally in terms of instantaneous distortion amplitudes and total-pressure contours measured through compressor stall. They indicate that, although a time-averaged distortion may be far from a stall-inducing value, corresponding instantaneous distortion amplitudes can approach or exceed this value. Seven engine stall events were studied. In six of these events instantaneous distortion peaks of sufficient magnitude to cause stall were observed in the time period shortly before stall was detected.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3002 , E-6294
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 94
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    Erosion in radial inflow turbines. Volume 2: Balance of centrifugal and radial drag forces on erosive particles (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The particle motion in two-dimensional free and forced inward flowing vortices is considered. A particle in such a flow field experiences a balance between the aerodynamic drag forces that tend to drive erosive particles toward the axis, and centrifugal forces that prevent these particles from traveling toward the axis. Results predict that certain sizes of particles will achieve a stable orbit about the turbine axis in the inward flowing free vortex. In this condition, the radial drag force is equal to the centrifugal force. The sizes of particles that will achieve a stable orbit is shown to be related to the gas flow velocity diagram at a particular radius. A second analysis yields a description of particle sizes that will experience a centrifugal force that is greater than the radial component of the aerodynamic drag force for a more general type of particle motion.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134616
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 95
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    Conceptual design studies of lift/cruise fans for military transports (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study program for conceptual design studies of remote lift and lift/cruise fan systems to meet the requirements of military V/STOL aircraft was conducted. Parametric performance and design data are presented for fans covering a range of pressure ratios, including both single and two stage fan concepts. The gas generator selected for these fan systems was the J101-GE-100 engine. Noise generation and transient response were determined for selected fan systems.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-134636 , R74AEG283
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 96
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    Results of tests in the NASA/LARC 31-inch CFHT on an 0.010-scale model (32-OT) of the space shuttle configuration 3 to determine the RCS jet flowfield interaction effects on aerodynamic characteristics (IA60/OA105), volume 1 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Tests were conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center 31-inch continuous Flow Hypersonic Wind Tunnel to determine RCS jet interaction effect on the hypersonic aerodynamic and stability and control characteristics prior to return to launch site (RTLS) abort separation. The model used was an 0.010-scale replica of the Space Shuttle Vehicle Configuration 3. Hypersonic stability data were obtained from tests at Mach 10.3 and dynamic pressure of 150 psf for the integrated Orbiter and external tank and the Orbiter alone. RCS modes of pitch, yaw, and roll at free flight dynamic pressure simulation of 7, 20, and 50 psf were investigated. The effects of speedbrake, bodyflap, elevon, and aileron deflections were also investigated.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134103 , DMS-DR-2137
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 97
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    Effluent sampling of Scout D and Delta launch vehicle exhausts (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Characterization of engine-exhaust effluents (hydrogen chloride, aluminum oxide, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide) has been attempted by conducting field experiments monitoring the exhaust cloud from a Scout-Algol III vehicle launch and a Delta-Thor vehicle launch. The exhaust cloud particulate size number distribution (total number of particles as a function of particle diameter), mass loading, morphology, and elemental composition have been determined within limitations. The gaseous species in the exhaust cloud have been identified. In addition to the ground-based measurements, instrumented aircraft flights through the low-altitude, stabilized-exhaust cloud provided measurements which identified CO and HCI gases and Al2O3 particles. Measurements of the initial exhaust cloud during formation and downwind at several distances have established sampling techniques which will be used for experimental verification of model predictions of effluent dispersion and fallout from exhaust clouds.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2987 , L-9360
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 98
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    Aerodynamic and flow visualization studies of variations in the geometry of irregular planform wings at a Mach number of 20.3 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The longitudinal and summary lateral-directional stability characteristics have been obtained for a variety of irregular planform wings applied to a conceptual space shuttle orbiter. Three basic wing planforms with leading-edge sweep angles of 53.2 deg, 46.8 deg, and 35 deg were studied in conjunction with a series of inboard planform fillets with sweep angles up to 78 deg. The spanwise intersection point of the fillets and the basic wings was held constant. The data were obtained in the Langley 22-inch helium tunnel at a Mach number of 20.3 and a Reynolds number of 2.10 million based on model length. Model angle-of-attack range was from 0 deg to 54 deg at sideslip angles of 0 deg and minus 3.8 deg. Also included are results of a flow-visualization study consisting of electron-beam-illuminated flow and surface oil-flow patterns.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7650 , L-9382
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 99
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    Heat conduction controlled combustion for scramjet applications (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The use of heat conduction flame generated in a premixed supersonic stream is discussed. It is shown that the flame is controlled initially by heat conduction and then by chemical reaction. Such a flame is shorter than the diffusion type of flame and therefore it requires a much shorter burner. The mixing is obtained by injecting the hydrogen in the inlet. Then the inlet can be cooled by film cooling.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA-CR-132446
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 100
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    Nutation control during precession of a spin-stabilized spacecraft (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Precession maneuver control laws for single-spin spacecraft are investigated so that nutation is concurrently controlled. Analysis has led to the development of two types of control laws employing precession modulation for concurrent nutation control. Results were verified through digital simulation of a Synchronous Meteorological Satellite (SMS) configuration. An addition research effort was undertaken to investigate the cause and elimination of nutation anomalies in dual-spin spacecraft. A literature search was conducted and a dual-spin configuration was simulated to verify that nutational anomalies are not predicted by the existing nonlinear model. No conclusions were drawn as to the cause of the observed nutational anomalies in dual-spin spacecraft.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-138801 , CRL-74-4
    Format: application/pdf
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