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  • Pregnancy  (147)
  • *Biological Evolution
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (182)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1980-1984  (182)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (182)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Springer  (9)
Years
Year
  • 101
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Erythrocytes infected with the late stages of the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum became attached to a subpopulation of cultured human endothelial cells by knoblike protrusions on the surface of the infected erythrocytes. Infected erythrocytes did not bind to cultured fibroblasts; uninfected erythrocytes did not bind to either endothelial cells or fibroblasts. The results suggest a specific receptor-ligand interaction between endothelial cells and a component, components, in the knobs of the infected erythrocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Udeinya, I J -- Schmidt, J A -- Aikawa, M -- Miller, L H -- Green, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):555-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aotus trivirgatus ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium/microbiology ; Erythrocytes/*microbiology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Plasmodium falciparum/*pathogenicity ; Pregnancy ; Umbilical Veins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 102
    Publication Date: 1981-02-27
    Description: Rats exposed to ethanol throughout their gestation were found to have abnormally distributed mossy fibers in temporal regions of the hippocampus. This demonstrates that prenatal exposure to ethanol causes alterations in neuronal circuitry that persist to maturity. Such defects may play a role in the mental retardation often observed in children with fetal alcohol syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉West, J R -- Hodges, C A -- Black, A C Jr -- AA-03884/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 27;211(4485):957-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/*etiology ; Animals ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Hippocampus/abnormalities/drug effects/*embryology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects ; Rats
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  • 103
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-02
    Description: Rat pups nursed by pregnant dams grow as fast as pups reared by dams that are not pregnant. Moreover, litters that were in utero during a lactation are as numerous at birth and grow as fast as pups developing in a nonlactating, pregnant mother. These litters continue to grow as fast as pups born to nonlactating dams whether or not the first litter remains after the birth of the second litter. When pregnant and lactating dams have a restricted food supply, some dams are capable of extending the duration of their pregnancies by over 2 weeks past that of nonlactating, pregnant dams. This facultative prolongation of pregnancy apparently allows females to carry normal litters to term.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodside, B -- Wilson, R -- Chee, P -- Leon, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 2;211(4477):76-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; *Lactation ; Litter Size ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Rats/*physiology
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  • 104
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: An established line of mesenchymal cells from the human embryonic palate is highly sensitive to the stimulatory effect of epidermal growth factor on growth, labeled thymidine incorporation, and ornithine decarboxylase activity. The results suggest that epidermal growth factor may play a key role in development of various human embryonic and fetal tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoneda, T -- Pratt, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):563-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Organ Specificity ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Palate/drug effects/*physiology ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Pregnancy
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  • 105
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zack, B G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):291.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Spontaneous ; *Beginning of Human Life ; *Embryo, Mammalian ; Female ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; *Life ; *Personhood ; Pregnancy ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 106
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: Lead acetate (0.02 or 0.5 percent) was administered to dams throughout the lactation period with half of the litters continuing on lead after weaning. Drug thresholds for d-amphetamine were determined by using the drug-discrimination learning paradigm. All the offspring that had been exposed to lead were less sensitive to the stimulus properties of d-amphetamine irrespective of whether or not they had continued on lead after weaning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zenick, H -- Goldsmith, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):569-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/*pharmacology ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetus/drug effects ; Lead Poisoning/*physiopathology ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 107
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: When presented a novel olfactory stimulus while suckling a passive dam, 11- to 14-day-old rat pups acquire a conditioned preference for that stimulus. The magnitude of the conditioned preference is greater if the pups received milk while suckling than if they did not. The results indicate that infants are capable of learning while suckling and that milk delivery plays a role in this associative process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brake, S C -- MH 32429/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):506-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7192882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Population Groups/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Suckling/*physiology ; Association Learning/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Female ; *Lactation ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Smell
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 108
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broad, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1331-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; California ; *Curriculum ; Humans ; Legislation as Topic ; *Religion and Science
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  • 109
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-26
    Description: Pregnant rats were intubated with alcohol (ethanol, 3 grams per kilogram) twice daily throughout gestation. Control animals received solutions of isocaloric sucrose. At birth, offspring were placed with untreated surrogate dams. Beginning at 6 months of age, the offspring were tested for their thermogenic responsiveness to various drugs and to cold. Prenatal exposure to alcohol resulted in tolerance to alcohol and cross-tolerance to pentobarbital and diazepam but did not affect responsiveness to cold. This pattern of effects suggest that prenatal exposure to alcohol produces specific long-term effects on the neural mechanisms underlying drug tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abel, E L -- Bush, R -- Dintcheff, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 26;212(4502):1531-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chlorpromazine/pharmacology ; Dextroamphetamine/pharmacology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Drug Tolerance ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus/*drug effects ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Pentobarbital/pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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  • 110
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-27
    Description: Cooperation in organisms, whether bacteria or primates, has been a difficulty for evolutionary theory since Darwin. On the assumption that interactions between pairs of individuals occur on a probabilistic basis, a model is developed based on the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy in the context of the Prisoner's Dilemma game. Deductions from the model, and the results of a computer tournament show how cooperation based on reciprocity can get started in an asocial world, can thrive while interacting with a wide range of other strategies, and can resist invasion once fully established. Potential applications include specific aspects of territoriality, mating, and disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Axelrod, R -- Hamilton, W D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 27;211(4489):1390-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Game Theory ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 111
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Rats treated with chloramphenicol from days 7 to 21 of intrauterine life (50 milligrams per kilogram per day, injected subcutaneously into the mothers) or in the first 3 days of extrauterine life (50 to 100 milligrams per kilogram per day) were trained for avoidance conditioning when 60 days old. The acquisition of the avoidance response was impaired to a highly significant degree in all the treated groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bertolini, A -- Poggioli, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):238-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/embryology/*growth & development ; Chloramphenicol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Sex Factors
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  • 112
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-11-13
    Description: Extraction of fibronectin from two human tissues, lung parenchyma and placental villi, was facilitated by the incorporation of heparin into extraction media. The effect of heparin was additive to the effect of urea which is known to extract fibronectin. These experiments provide further evidence that fibronectin and glycosaminoglycans are associated in connective tissues and the use of heparin forms the basis for a simple method for extraction and quantitation of tissue fibronectin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bray, B A -- Mandl, I -- Turino, G M -- HL 15832/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 13;214(4522):793-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dermatan Sulfate ; Female ; Fibronectins/*isolation & purification ; *Heparin ; Heparitin Sulfate ; Humans ; Lung/analysis ; Placenta/analysis ; Pregnancy ; Urea
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  • 113
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: When pregnant rats were fed a 50 percent galactose diet there was a striking reduction in oocyte number in the offspring. The most prominent effects were noted after exposure to galactose during the premeiotic stages of oogenesis. Prenatal exposure to galactose or its metabolites may contribute to the premature ovarian failure characteristic of human galactosemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Y T -- Mattison, D R -- Feigenbaum, L -- Fukui, H -- Schulman, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1145-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dietary Carbohydrates/*physiology ; Female ; Fetus/drug effects/physiology ; Galactose/*pharmacology ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Oocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Ovum/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 114
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: Female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) exposed to a single drop of male urine on the upper lip showed changes in concentrations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and norepinephrine in olfactory bulb tissue; no such changes occurred in dopamine concentration. The changes were measured in the posterior but not the anterior olfactory bulb tissue of females within 1 hour after they were exposed to urine. These females also showed rapid increases in serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone. Females exposed to water on the upper lip showed none of these changes. These results suggest that in this species LHRH and norepinephrine in the olfactory bulb may mediate luteinizing hormone release in response to external (pheromonal) chemical cues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dluzen, D E -- Ramirez, V D -- Carter, C S -- Getz, L L -- HDO9328/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):573-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; Estrus ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*metabolism ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Male ; Norepinephrine/*metabolism ; Olfactory Bulb/*metabolism ; Pheromones/*urine ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Rodentia/*physiology ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
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  • 115
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Sexually receptive female Spermophilus beldingi (Rodentia: Sciuridae) usually mate with several different males. The paternity of 27 litters born in 1977 and 1978 was ascertained by combining field observations of mating with laboratory paternity exclusion analyses. Most of the litters (78 percent) were multiply sired, usually by two or three males. This may be the highest frequency of multiple paternity ever directly demonstrated in a natural population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanken, J -- Sherman, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):351-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Sciuridae/*physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 116
    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: Concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in blood collected during the 12.5-day gestation period of the Virginia opossum were not significantly different from those during equivalent days of the estrous cycle. Progesterone was correlated with an index of corpora luteral mass. Ratio of estradiol to progesterone were highest 3 to 4 days before estrus and on the day of parturition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harder, J D -- Fleming, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1400-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Corpus Luteum/physiology ; Estradiol/*blood ; Estrus ; Female ; Opossums/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Progesterone/*blood ; Species Specificity
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  • 117
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: Long-term oral administration of the long-acting opiate 1-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) to female rats beginning on the day of conception interfered with the dams' ability to carry litters to term. When treatment was initiated 3 weeks prior to mating this effect was not observed. Daily administration of the opiate antagonist naloxone from day 14 of gestation through term, to precipitate withdrawal in utero, resulted in increased stillbirths, decreased pup weight and size, and weight loss 24 hours after birth. These data question the validity of animal experiments which purport to be models for methadone maintenance programs but in which treatment is started immediately prior to or soon after conception. They also suggest that withdrawal in utero may be responsible for many of the adverse effects of opiates on human and animal development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lichtblau, L -- Sparber, S B -- DA 01880/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):943-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7195068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drug Tolerance ; Embryo Implantation/drug effects ; Female ; Fetal Death/*etiology ; Humans ; Litter Size/drug effects ; Methadone/*analogs & derivatives ; Methadyl Acetate/*adverse effects/antagonists & inhibitors ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Opioid-Related Disorders/*complications ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects ; Rats ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*complications
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  • 118
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 2;214(4516):42-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280679" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Embryology/*trends ; Genes ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 119
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rakic, P -- EY 02593/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 20;214(4523):928-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Brain/embryology/*growth & development ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Geniculate Bodies/embryology/growth & development ; Macaca mulatta ; Microscopy, Electron ; Pregnancy ; Retina/physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; Visual Cortex/embryology/growth & development ; *Visual Perception
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  • 120
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):648-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Legal ; *Beginning of Human Life ; *Embryo, Mammalian ; *Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Federal Government ; Female ; Legislation as Topic ; *Life ; *Personhood ; Pregnancy ; United States ; Value of Life
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  • 121
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):421.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Legal ; *Ethics, Medical ; Female ; Humans ; Legislation, Medical ; Pregnancy ; United States
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  • 122
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):908-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; *Culture ; *Genes ; Humans ; *Sociobiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 123
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Female rats are masculinized in utero by male littermates sharing the same uterine horn. Increased anogenital distances in neonatal females and mounting behavior in adult females are related to the presence of males on the caudal side of the females in the uterine horn. Contrary to current beliefs, interamniotic diffusion may not be responsible for the exchange of masculinizing agents among fetuses. Since uterine blood flow in the rat is from the direction of the cervix toward the ovary, masculinizing hormones secreted by fetal males may be carried via the uterine vasculature to female littermates located further downstream.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meisel, R L -- Ward, I L -- HD-04688/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- K2-MH00049/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):239-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/*physiology ; Animals ; Castration ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; Male ; Posture ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Rats ; *Sex Characteristics/drug effects ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Uterus/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 124
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paigen, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 2;211(4477):6, 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dicyclomine ; Doxylamine/*adverse effects ; Drug Combinations/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; New York ; Pregnancy ; Pyridines/*adverse effects ; Pyridoxine/*adverse effects ; *Teratogens ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Water Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/*adverse effects
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  • 125
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 26;212(4502):1485.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7015515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antiemetics/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dicyclomine ; Doxylamine/*therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/*drug therapy ; Pyridines/*therapeutic use ; Pyridoxine/*therapeutic use
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  • 126
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-11-20
    Description: When two small doses of ethanol were administered to pregnant mice during the gastrulation stage of embryogenesis, the embryos developed craniofacial malformations closely resembling those seen in the human fetal alcohol syndrome. Striking histological changes appeared in the developing brain (neuroectoderm) within 24 hours of exposure. Decreased development of the neural plate and its derivatives apparently accounts for the craniofacial malformations. The critical exposure period is equivalent to the third week in human pregnancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sulik, K K -- Johnston, M C -- Webb, M A -- DE 02668/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- DE 05906/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- RR 05333/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 20;214(4523):936-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6795717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Child ; Disease Models, Animal ; Embryo, Mammalian/*drug effects/ultrastructure ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Eye Abnormalities ; Female ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Pregnancy
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  • 127
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: Normal pregnancies have been established in four women with tubal infertility by fertilization in vitro, embryo culture, and embryo transfer after stimulation of follicular growth with clomiphene citrate. In three of these women the time of oocyte maturation was controlled by human chorionic gonadotropin. This procedure for the control of ovulatory response has many advantages when compared with the previously successful method of using the natural ovulatory cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trounson, A O -- Leeton, J F -- Wood, C -- Webb, J -- Wood, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):681-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chorionic Gonadotropin/*pharmacology ; Clomiphene/*pharmacology ; *Embryo Transfer ; Female ; *Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/therapy ; Ovulation/*drug effects ; Pregnancy
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  • 128
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):494, 496.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Beginning of Human Life ; Ethics, Medical ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Fetus ; Humans ; *Life ; Male ; *Personhood ; Pregnancy ; Value of Life
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  • 129
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):154-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Beginning of Human Life ; Ethics ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Humans ; *Life ; Male ; Ovum/physiology ; *Personhood ; Pregnancy ; Spermatozoa/physiology
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  • 130
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-08-07
    Description: The eye can be visualized ultrasonically in more than 90 percent of fetuses 16 through 42 weeks of gestational age. Slow eye movements are present by 16 weeks. Rapid eye movements begin at 23 weeks and become more frequent between 24 and 35 weeks. Eye inactivity becomes more common after 36 weeks and is associated with sustained diaphragmatic excursions implying a "quiet sleep" state. Pathologic eye movements were seen in four fetuses with dysmorphic brain structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birnholz, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 7;213(4508):679-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/abnormalities/embryology ; Eye/*embryology ; *Eye Movements ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Sleep/physiology ; Ultrasonics
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  • 131
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-12-11
    Description: Genetic material has been successfully transferred into the genomes of newborn mice by injection of that material into pronuclei of fertilized eggs. Initial results indicated two patterns of processing the injected DNA: one in which the material was not integrated into the host genome, and another in which the injected genes became associated with high molecular weight DNA. These patterns are maintained through further development to adulthood. The evidence presented indicates the covalent association of injected DNA with host sequences, and transmission of such linked sequences in a Mendelian distribution to two succeeding generations of progeny.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gordon, J W -- Ruddle, F H -- GMO7959-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GMO9966/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 11;214(4526):1244-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6272397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant/*metabolism ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Female ; *Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Herpesviridae/enzymology ; Male ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovum/*physiology ; *Plasmids ; Pregnancy ; Sex Ratio ; Simian virus 40/enzymology ; Thymidine Kinase/*genetics
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  • 132
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):642-3, 645.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7197392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Spontaneous/chemically induced ; *Ethanol ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/*chemically induced
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  • 133
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: Perinatal morbidity and mortality are associated with colonization of the chorionic surface of the placenta by Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma hominis or both. These organisms are more strongly associated with unfavourable gestational outcome than group B streptococci. Chlamydia trachomatis does not appear to be important in the etiology of reproductive casualties. The mechanisms linking the mycoplasmas to perinatal disorders and death are not clear but merit investigation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kundsin, R B -- Driscoll, S G -- Pelletier, P A -- HD 10984/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):474-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Critical Care ; Female ; *Fetal Death ; Humans ; *Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/*microbiology ; Mycoplasma/*pathogenicity ; Mycoplasma Infections/*complications ; Placenta/microbiology ; Pregnancy ; Ureaplasma/*pathogenicity
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  • 134
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):426-7, 429.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7291984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Mapping ; Globins/*genetics ; Humans
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  • 135
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):635-6, 638.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Societies, Scientific
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  • 136
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-27
    Description: In ovariectomized rats treated with progesterone, implantation was induced by a minute dose of 17 beta-estradiol. Twenty-four hours later, the concentrations of estradiol receptor in nuclear and cytosol fractions prepared from the endometrium surrounding the blastocyst and the inter-implantation areas remained very low. This indicates that estrogen was not secreted by the blastocyst. The higher receptor content in cytosol from inter-implantation sites may reflect modifications accompanying the decidual reaction since our results show that there is no translocation of the receptor to the nuclei. The choice of the dye used to reveal the implantation sites is critical, since Trypan blue but not Evans blue binds steroids and thereby interferes with receptor measurements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martel, D -- Psychoyos, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 27;211(4489):1454-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/secretion ; Castration ; Cell Nucleus/analysis ; Cytoplasm/analysis ; *Embryo Implantation ; Endometrium/*analysis ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Estrogens/secretion ; Evans Blue/metabolism ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/*analysis ; Trypan Blue/metabolism
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  • 137
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-23
    Description: About 17,000 bovine pregnancies were produced by superovulation and embryo transfer in North America in 1979. The major use of these techniques is to increase the reproductive rate of valuable cows. Other applications include circumventing infertility, exporting embryos, and testing potential carriers for Mendelian recessive alleles. Cryopreservation of embryos is beginning to be used commercially, and sexing embryos before transfer may soon become routine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seidel, G E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 23;211(4480):351-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7194504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Husbandry/*methods ; Animals ; Cattle/*physiology ; *Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Industry ; *Ovulation ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Reproduction ; Time Factors
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  • 138
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1372-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233224" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Induced ; *Ethics, Medical ; Federal Government ; Female ; Humans ; Legislation, Medical ; Personhood ; Pregnancy ; United States
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  • 139
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-01
    Description: Newborn infants, chronically exposed in utero to low doses of methadone with or without concomitant heroin, display more rapid eye movement sleep and less quiet sleep than control infants, while babies fetally exposed to both opiates and nonopiates have less organization of sleep states. Other perinatal factors, such as birth weight and gestational age, are related more to the amount of fetal drug exposure than to the type.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dinges, D F -- Davis, M M -- Glass, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 1;209(4456):619-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7190326" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Birth Weight ; Female ; Heroin/*adverse effects ; Heroin Dependence/drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/*chemically induced ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Methadone/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Nervous System Diseases/*chemically induced ; Pregnancy ; Sleep/*drug effects ; Substance-Related Disorders
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  • 140
    Publication Date: 1980-05-02
    Description: The highly selective, enzyme-activated, irreversible inhibitor of L-ornithine decarboxylase, DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, suppresses the increase in uterine L-ornithine decarboxylase activity associated with early embryogenesis in the mouse and arrests embryonic development at that stage. Contragestational effects were confirmed in the rat and rabbit. An increase in L-ornithine decarboxylase activity that leads to a rapid increase in putrescine concentration appears to be essential during a critical period after implantation for continued mammalian embryonal growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fozard, J R -- Part, M L -- Prakash, N J -- Grove, J -- Schechter, P J -- Sjoerdsma, A -- Koch-Weser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 2;208(4443):505-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6768132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Animals ; Carboxy-Lyases/*physiology ; Eflornithine ; Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Mice ; Ornithine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/*physiology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors ; Polyamines/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Uterus/drug effects/*metabolism
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  • 141
    Publication Date: 1980-12-19
    Description: Anglerfish (Lophius americanus) insulin complementary DNA was cloned in bacterial plasmids, and its sequence was determined. Fish insulin messenger RNA is larger (1.5 times) than the messenger RNA encoding mammalian (rat and human) insulin, in part because of a larger C peptide (an additional six amino acids or 18 nucleotides in length) but mainly because of increases in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Comparison of the fish, rat, and human insulin messenger RNA (from the complementary DNA) reveals that, in addition to the regions coding for the A and B peptides, sequence conservation is limited to a segment within the 5' untranslated region which may be involved in ribosomal binding, two small segments of the signal peptide, and two stretches of sequence in the 3' untranslated region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hobart, P M -- Shen, L P -- Crawford, R -- Pictet, R L -- Rutter, W J -- AM 21344/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 19;210(4476):1360-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7001633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; Fishes/*genetics ; Insulin/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Proinsulin/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Precursors/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics
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  • 142
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1323-5, 1327-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7188816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Environment ; Female ; Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Twins/*psychology ; Twins, Monozygotic/*psychology
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  • 143
    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: Olfactory sensitivity to acetic acid, isobutyric acid, and 2-sec-butyl-cyclohexanone was tested in 97 adult male twin pairs to determine the extent to which variation in odor perception was genetically determined. Analysis of the data revealed no evidence for heritability of olfactory sensitivity. However, factors significantly associated with odor perception included cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoking; body fatness; alcohol consumption; and diabetes mellitus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hubert, H B -- Fabsitz, R R -- Feinleib, M -- Brown, K S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):607-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7189296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Butyrates ; Cyclohexanones ; *Environment ; Female ; *Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Sensory Thresholds ; Skinfold Thickness ; Smell/*physiology ; Smoking ; *Twins ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic
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  • 144
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: Rats and guinea pigs, when immunized with mouse nerve growth factor, produce antibodies that cross-react with their own nerve growth factor. The antibodies reach developing offspring of these animals both prenatally (rats and guinea pigs) and postnatally (rats). Depriving the fetus of nerve growth factor in this way results in the destruction of up to 85 percent of dorsal root ganglion neurons as well as destruction of sympathetic neurons. Sensory neurons of placodal origin in the nodose ganglion were not affected. These data demonstrate that dorsal root ganglion neurons go through a phase of nerve growth factor dependence in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, E M Jr -- Gorin, P D -- Brandeis, L D -- Pearson, J -- HD12260/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL20604/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):916-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7192014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology/*embryology/growth & development ; Guinea Pigs ; Lactation ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Milk/immunology ; Nerve Growth Factors/*immunology ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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  • 145
    Publication Date: 1980-10-31
    Description: Treatment of pregnant rats with reserpine prevented the normal disappearance of catecholamine fluorescence in presumptive neuroblasts of the embryonic gut. These cells normally express the noradrenergic phenotype transiently during embryonic development. The effect of reserpine was reproduced by treating mothers with hydrocortisone acetate. Moreover, the reserpine effect was blocked by treatment with dexamethasone, which inhibits the stress-induced increase in plasma glucocorticoids, and by mitotone, which causes adrenocortical cytolysis. It is concluded that reserpine, through the mediation of maternal glucocorticoid hormones, alters the phenotypic expression of these embryonic neuroblasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonakait, G M -- Bohn, M C -- Black, I B -- HD 12108/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 06400/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 10259/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):551-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catecholamines/metabolism ; Female ; Hydrocortisone/*pharmacology ; Intestines/*embryology/innervation ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects ; Rats ; Reserpine/*pharmacology ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*embryology
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  • 146
    Publication Date: 1980-04-11
    Description: A high-molecular-weight protein with beta-endorphin- and adrenocorticotropin-immunoreactivities was isolated from extracts of human placenta after several purification steps, including immunoadsorption with a well-characterized antiserum raised to beta-endorphin. This protein was identified as the heavy chain of the human immunoglobulin class IgG1. These results have led to the recognition of homologies in the amino acid sequences of these physiologically unrelated molecules. They also suggest caution in accepting immunological competence as the sole criterion of the chemical identity of a ligand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Julliard, J H -- Shibasaki, T -- Ling, N -- Guillemin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 11;208(4440):183-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6244620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Endorphins/*analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/*analysis ; Placental Extracts/*analysis ; Pregnancy ; Radioimmunoassay ; beta-Endorphin
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  • 147
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):518-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/*etiology ; Dicyclomine ; Doxylamine/*adverse effects ; Drug Combinations/adverse effects ; Drug Evaluation ; Female ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Pregnancy ; Pyridines/*adverse effects ; Pyridoxine/*adverse effects ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 148
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 12;209(4462):1216-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6157193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Therapeutic/standards ; Female ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Government Regulation ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Neural Tube Defects/*diagnosis ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnant Women ; *Prenatal Diagnosis ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Social Justice ; Spina Bifida Occulta/diagnosis ; United States ; Voluntary Programs ; alpha-Fetoproteins/analysis
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  • 149
    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: Nuclear receptors for both estradiol and progesterone were present in twofold higher concentrations in implantation sites than in nonimplantation regions of the endometrium of 6-day pregnant rats. Decidualization in the absence of an embryo was not accompanied by a similar increase in the concentration of nuclear receptors. Moreover, this difference in receptor distribution between the implantation and nonimplantation areas persisted when a major part of the maternal supply of sex steroids was suppressed by ovariectomy on day 5 of pregnancy. These results support the hypothesis that steroids originating from the embryo affect the endometrial implantation site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Logeat, F -- Sartor, P -- Hai, M T -- Milgrom, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1083-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/*metabolism ; Castration ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Decidua/metabolism ; Endometrium/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Pregnancy ; Pseudopregnancy ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/*metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/*metabolism
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  • 150
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: The interplay of insulin, cortisol, and prolactin induces synthesis of casein and alpha-lactalbumin in cultured mammary explants from mature virgin mice. A striking difference has been found between the optimal concentrations of cortisol required for maximal induction of the two milk proteins in vitro: 3 x 10(-8) molar for alpha-lactalbumin and 3 x 10(-6) molar for casein. Moreover, 10(-7) to 10(-5) molar cortisol caused progressive inhibition of alpha-lactalbumin accumulation. Such differential actions of cortisol may partly account for the asynchronous synthesis of the two proteins during pregnancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ono, M -- Oka, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1367-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6986657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caseins/*biosynthesis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Interactions ; Female ; Hydrocortisone/*pharmacology ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Lactalbumin/*biosynthesis ; Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects/*metabolism ; Mice ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Pregnancy ; Prolactin/pharmacology
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  • 151
    Publication Date: 1980-05-02
    Description: A striking inverse correlation was found in umbilical cord plasma between the concentrations of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol but not high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol or very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate is a major secretory product of the human fetal adrenal and the principal precursor of placental estrogen production. The data suggest that the concentrations for LDL-cholesterol in fetal plasma are influenced by the rate of utilization of LDL-cholesterol by the fetal adrenal for steroidogenesis and are not necessarily related to a genetic predisposition for hypercholesterolemia or other lipoprotein disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parker, C R Jr -- Simpson, E R -- Bilheimer, D W -- Leveno, K -- Carr, B R -- MacDonald, P C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 2;208(4443):512-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6445079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex/metabolism ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/secretion ; Cholesterol/*blood ; Dehydroepiandrosterone/*analogs & derivatives/blood/metabolism ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ; Female ; Fetal Blood/*analysis ; Humans ; Hypertension/metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL/*blood/metabolism ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/metabolism
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  • 152
    Publication Date: 1980-08-22
    Description: The binding of [6-alanine]gonadotropin-releasing hormone to pituitary plasma membranes increased threefold between metestrus and early proestrus in female rats. Receptor numbers fell rapidly on the afternoon of proestrus coincident with the preovulatory gonadotropin surge. The numbers of receptors for gonadotropin-releasing hormone were positively correlated with concentrations of estradiol in serum; this pattern may be a necessary component of increased pituitary sensitivty to gonadotropin-releasing hormone observed during proestrus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savoy-Moore, R T -- Schwartz, N B -- Duncan, J A -- Marshall, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 22;209(4459):942-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Estradiol/blood ; *Estrus ; Feedback ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone/blood ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism
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  • 153
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 22;209(4459):877-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Spontaneous/etiology ; China ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; *Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*etiology ; Growth/radiation effects ; Humans ; *Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/epidemiology/etiology ; Pregnancy ; *Radiation, Ionizing
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  • 154
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: Suckling is the only behavior that is common among mammals. In newborn albino rats it is originally elicited by amniotic fluid deposited by the mother during parturition. Subsequent suckling is stimulated by saliva deposited on the nipples by the infant rats. Internal controls over the volume of milk suckled do not appear until infant rats are about 2 weeks of age at which time gastric distension, milk, systemic dehydration, and intestinal hormone cholecystokinin suppress milk intake derived through suckling. The development of controls over suckling appetite appears to parallel that of consummatory control. Until about 2 weeks of age infant rats choose to suckle a nonlactating nipple with the same frequency as a lactating nipple. Thereafter, the lactating nipple is unanimously chosen. These studies suggest differences and commonalities in the suckling behavior of laboratory rats and other mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blass, E M -- Teicher, M H -- AM-18560/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):15-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6997992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Population Groups/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Suckling/*physiology ; Cholecystokinin/physiology ; Dehydration ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Food Deprivation ; Humans ; Instinct ; Lactation ; Lithium/pharmacology ; Maternal Behavior ; Pheromones ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Saliva ; Sucking Behavior/drug effects/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 155
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: Moderate chronic malnutrition has only a minor effect on fecundity (reproductive capacity), and the resulting effect on fertility (actural reproduction) is very small. Among the fecundity components examined here in noncontracepting populations, age at menarche and the duration of lactational amenorrhea appear to be the ones most affected by malnutrition. But from neither of those effects can a difference in fertility of more than a few percent be expected between poorly and well-nourished women in developing countries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bongaarts, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):564-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Induced ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Behavior ; Birth Intervals ; Contraception ; Female ; *Fertility ; Fetal Death/epidemiology ; Humans ; Lactation ; Male ; Marriage ; Menarche ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Disorders/*physiopathology ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Ovulation ; Pregnancy ; Spermatogenesis
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  • 156
    Publication Date: 1980-02-22
    Description: Rates of tyrosine and lysine transport and incorporation into protein were measured in control and undernourished weanling rats. Undernutrition was induced by feeding lactating dams a low protein diet (12 percent casein) from birth to day 21. At weaning, body and brain weights of undernourished rats were 50 percent and 88 percent, respectively, of control values. Lysine and tyrosine transport rates into skeletal muscle were reduced by over 75 percent, more than twice the reduction seen in brain. Rates of amino acid incorporation into muscle protein were reduced by approximately 50 percent; the change in rate of incorporation into brain protein was not statistically significant. These data indicate that, in spite of marked retardation of amino acid transport into brain, the brain seems fully capable of maintaining normal rates of protein synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freedman, L S -- Samuels, S -- Fish, I -- Schwartz, S A -- Lange, B -- Katz, M -- Morgano, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 22;207(4433):902-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6766565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Body Weight ; Brain/growth & development/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Lactation ; Male ; Muscles/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Protein-Energy Malnutrition/*metabolism ; Rats
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  • 157
    Publication Date: 1980-04-04
    Description: Close correlations between the development of the anticonvulsant effects of diphenylhydantoin and increases in tritiated diazepam binding were observed in rats from fetal day 16 to maturation. In contrast, significant decreases in tritiated diazepam binding were observed in 2- and 3-week-old rats that were exposed in utero to diphenylhydantoin. These changes can be correlated with reported increases in seizure susceptibility after prenatal exposure to diphenylhydantoin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallager, D W -- Mallorga, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 4;208(4439):64-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepines/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/*metabolism ; Diazepam/*metabolism ; Female ; Fetus/metabolism ; *Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Phenytoin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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  • 158
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Maternal pain thresholds in rats were determined during various stages of pregnancy and parturition by measuring the intensity of electric shock that elicited reflexive jumping. There was a gradual rise in the pain threshold between 16 and 4 days prior to parturition and a more abrupt rise 1 to 2 days before that event. This increase was abolished by long-term administration of the narcotic antagonist naltrexone. The endorphin system is thus an important component of intrinsic mechanisms that modulate responsiveness to aversive stimuli. The data also demonstrate the activation during pregnancy of an endorphin system that is apparently quiescent in nonpregnant female rats treated the same way.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gintzler, A R -- NIMH GRANT DA01771/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):193-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Female ; Naltrexone/pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 159
    Publication Date: 1980-05-02
    Description: Phenobarbital administration to pregnant rats from day 12 to day 19 of gestation suppressed body weight gain and produced significant effects on reproductive function in their offspring. These effects included delays in the onset of puberty, disorders in the estrous cycle, and infertility. Moreover, the animals exposed to phenobarbital in utero showed altered concentrations of sex steroids, gonadotrophic hormones, and estrogen receptors. These findings suggest that phenobarbital treatment during prenatal development can produce permanent alterations in sexual maturation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gupta, C -- Sonawane, B R -- Yaffe, S J -- Shapiro, B H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 2;208(4443):508-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367874" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Estrus/drug effects ; Female ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Phenobarbital/*adverse effects ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects ; Reproduction/*drug effects ; Sexual Maturation/drug effects
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  • 160
    Publication Date: 1980-06-06
    Description: Premature separation of rat pups from their dams greatly increases their susceptibility to restraint-induced gastric erosions. When prematurely separated female rats grow to adulthood and mate with stock males, their normally reared F 1 progeny also have increased susceptibility to restraint-induced erosions. Cross-fostering studies show that prenatal rather than postnatal factors transmit this susceptibility to the F 1 progeny.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skolnick, N J -- Ackerman, S H -- Hofer, M A -- Weiner, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 6;208(4448):1161-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7189606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Suckling/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal Behavior ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Restraint, Physical ; Stomach Ulcer/embryology/etiology/*genetics ; Stress, Psychological/*complications
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  • 161
    Publication Date: 1980-07-18
    Description: The teratogenicity of alcohol has been demonstrated in humans through clinical studies, behavioral studies, and epidemiologic studies, and in animals through controlled laboratory experiments. In humans exposed to alcohol during gestation the effects can range from fetal alcohol syndrome in some offspring of chronic alcoholic women to reduced average birth weight in offspring of women reporting an average consumption of two to three drinks or more per day. The behavioral effects of such exposure may range from mental retardation in children with fetal alcohol syndrome to milder developmental and behavioral effects in infants born to social drinkers. In animals, exposure to alcohol in utero may result in death, malformation, and growth deficiency as well as behavioral and developmental abnormalities. The mechanisms of impairment and related risk factors are yet to be elucidated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Streissguth, A P -- Landesman-Dwyer, S -- Martin, J C -- Smith, D W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 18;209(4454):353-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6992275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced ; Alcohol Drinking ; Brain/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Ethanol/pharmacology ; Female ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Hyperkinesis/chemically induced ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Sucking Behavior/drug effects ; *Teratogens
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  • 162
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-05-16
    Description: Infant rat pups, fed through intragastric cannulas from postnatal day 4 through day 18, showed a 19 percent reduction in total brain weight when ethanol was included in their diet on days 4 through 7. This reduction in brain weight occurred even though body growth in the experimental rats was equal to that of their littermate controls. The ethanol-exposed animals were markedly hypoactive during the period of drug administration, then displayed gross body tremors for 3 to 5 days. Throughout the study, the animals treated with ethanol had poor motor coordination and were hyperresponsive. These brain and behavioral effects appear similar to those seen in fetal alcohol syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diaz, J -- Samson, H H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 16;208(4445):751-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7189297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Brain/anatomy & histology/drug effects/*growth & development ; Cerebellum/growth & development ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/*embryology ; Organ Size ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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  • 163
    Publication Date: 1980-06-13
    Description: Injection of iodine-131-labeled goat immunoglobulin G antibody to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) into patients with hCG-secreting trophoblastic and germinal tumors permitted tumor detection and location by external gamma-ray scintigraphy. Excision of one of the metastatic tumors located by this method indicated a tumor/nontumor ration of 39.29. The method appears to offer a new clinical tool for precisely locating hCG-producing tumors in the body, even when tumor identification by other clinical methods has failed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldenberg, D M -- Kim, E E -- DeLand, F H -- van Nagell, J R Jr -- Javadpour, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 13;208(4449):1284-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies/*administration & dosage ; Choriocarcinoma/*radionuclide imaging ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/*immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydatidiform Mole/*radionuclide imaging ; Immunoglobulin G/administration & dosage ; Pregnancy ; Radioimmunoassay/methods ; Radionuclide Imaging/methods ; Teratoma/*radionuclide imaging ; Uterine Neoplasms/*radionuclide imaging
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  • 164
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: Acid extract of human placental tissue contain, by both radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay, beta-endrophin-like material. Half of this material will not go through a 5000-dalton filter and on Sephadex G-200 has a molecular size between 25,00 and 50,000 daltons. Of the material going through a 5000-dalton ultrafilter, 80 percent is excluded on Sephadex G-25 and held back, very slightly, on Bio-Rad P6, indicating a molecular size of approximately 4500 to 4800 daltons. Thus, placenta appears to have macromolecular precursors from which a beta-endorphin-like material is released, with a size approximately 12 amino acids longer than half of the pituitary hormone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Houck, J C -- Kimball, C -- Chang, C -- Pedigo, N W -- Yamamura, H I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):78-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Endorphins/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Placenta/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Radioimmunoassay ; Radioligand Assay
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  • 165
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-07-18
    Description: A polymorphic HpaI endonuclease recognition site on the 3' side of the beta-globin gene was used to analyze the evolution of the beta-globin gene mutants S and C. Study of the world wide distribution of the normal and variant HpaI sites showed that the mutation which resulted in the variant 13.0-kilobase fragment arose in a localized region in West Africa. It predated the hemoglobin S and C mutations, both of which arose separately from a chromosome with the variant 13.0-kilobase HpaI site. In contrast, the sickle genes in other parts of Africa and in Asia are associated with the normal 7.6-kilobase HpaI fragment, indicating that the sickle mutations in these other areas arose separately from that in West Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kan, Y W -- Dozy, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 18;209(4454):388-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Genes ; Genetics, Medical ; Geography ; Globins/genetics ; Hemoglobin C/*genetics ; Hemoglobin, Sickle/*genetics ; Humans
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  • 166
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-01-18
    Description: The synthesis of a placental luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (pLRF), which is immunologically, physiochemically, and biologically indistinguishable from synthetic LRF, was demonstrated. The incorporation of 3H-labeled leucine by human placental tissue in vitro into pLRF was determined by purification on carboxymethyl-cellulose and specific immunoprecipitation of the 3H-labeled pLRF. The specific activity of the pLRF released into the medium increased 100-fold from day 1 to day 2 of culture and attained a concentration of 2.84 microcuries per microgram. These data indicate that the pLRF that was released initially was endogenous, whereas that released subsequently reflected synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khodr, G S -- Siler-Khodr, T M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 18;207(4428):315-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6985750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Culture Techniques ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/biosynthesis/immunology/*metabolism ; *Hormones ; Humans ; Placenta/*metabolism ; Pregnancy
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  • 167
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: Mothers among !Kung hunter-gatherers nurse briefly and frequently, with brief intervals between nursing bouts (mean +/- standard error, 13.19 +/- 1.28 minutes). The low levels of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone in the serum of the mother are correlated with infant's age and with interbout interval, but not with total nursing time. Maternal gonadal function is apparently suppressed by a timing-dependent, prolactin-mediated effect of breast stimulation. Interbout interval may be a key variable in lactation infertility. If so, it solves the puzzle of !Kung birth spacing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konner, M -- Worthman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4432):788-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amenorrhea/*etiology ; *Birth Intervals ; Botswana ; Estradiol/blood ; Female ; Humans ; *Lactation ; *Maternal Behavior ; Menstruation ; Namibia ; *Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone/blood
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  • 168
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malinak, L R -- Kaufman, R H -- Spjut, H J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 29;207(4434):1008.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Clomiphene/*pharmacology ; Female ; Metaplasia/chemically induced ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects ; Rats ; Uterus/*drug effects/pathology
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  • 169
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: Urine produced by wild female house mice, living in high- and low-density populations and confined to areas within a highway cloverleaf, was tested for its ability to delay puberty in juvenile female mice. Only urine collected from females in the dense population at its maximum density delayed puberty in test females. Urine collected when the population was less dense, or from a population that remained sparse, failed to delay puberty. These results suggest that a urinary factor present at high densities may delay puberty and thus help to slow further population growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Massey, A -- Vandenbergh, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):821-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7190728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild/physiology ; Crowding ; Estrus ; Female ; Mice/*physiology/urine ; Pheromones/*urine ; *Population Density ; Pregnancy ; *Sexual Maturation
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  • 170
    Publication Date: 1980-11-28
    Description: A hydranencephalic infant lacking cerebral hemispheres and a normal twin were tested for associative learning. After repeated trials in which two stimuli were temporally paired, test trials were given in which the second stimulus was omitted. Cardiac orienting responses to stimulus omission indicated that learning had taken place in both infants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tuber, D S -- Berntson, G G -- Bachman, D S -- Allen, J N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 28;210(4473):1035-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7192015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anencephaly/*physiopathology ; Association/*physiology ; Behavior/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Stem/physiology ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydranencephaly/*physiopathology ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature/*psychology ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Twins, Dizygotic
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  • 171
    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: Mice produce litters containing many pups, and the female fetuses that develop between male fetuses have significantly higher concentrations of the male sex steroid testosterone in both their blood and amniotic fluid than do females that develop between other female fetuses. These two types of females differ during later life in many sexually related characteristics. Thus, individual variation in sexual characteristics of adult female mice may be traceable to differential exposure to testosterone during prenatal development because of intrauterine proximity to male fetuses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉vom Saal, F S -- Bronson, F H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):597-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Amniotic Fluid/*metabolism ; Animals ; Estradiol/blood ; Estrus ; Female ; Fetal Blood/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice/*embryology ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone/blood ; *Sex Differentiation ; Sex Ratio ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Testosterone/*blood
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  • 172
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-01-18
    Description: Titers of testosterone in plasma were determined by radioimmunoassay in male rat fetuses of stressed and control mothers on days 17, 18, 19, 21, and 23 (the day of birth) after conception. In fetuses of stressed mothers, testosterone concentrations were highest on day 17, declined on days 18 and 19, and then remained unchanged. In the control fetuses, testosterone increased from relatively low concentrations on day 17 to the highest amounts on days 18 and 19, and then declined. Thus, the persistence of feminine and impaired masculine sexual behavior in male offspring of stressed mothers could be due to the absence of a surge of circulating testosterone during days 18 and 19 after conception, a period postulated to be critical in the development of the central nervous system in the rat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ward, I L -- Weisz, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 18;207(4428):328-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7188648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disorders of Sex Development/embryology ; Female ; Fetal Blood/*analysis ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; *Sex Differentiation ; Stress, Psychological/blood/*physiopathology ; Testosterone/*blood
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  • 173
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-01
    Description: Monozygotic twins developed from cultured murine blastocysts at the ratio of approximately 1:100. The locus at which the denuded blastocysts attached to the culture dish was usually a random section of their mural trophoblasts, in which case single egg cylinders developed unilaterally. However, in those few blastocysts attaching with their antipolar mural trophoblasts, the inner cell mass became subdivided into two parts because of restrictions imposed on its growth by the apically situated polar trophoblasts and the plastic substrate. Each subdivision apparently incorporated totipotent cells, resulting in the bilateral formation of two egg cylinders sharing the same ectoplacental cone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, Y C -- Gonda, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 1;209(4456):605-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7190325" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/physiology ; Culture Media ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; *Twins ; *Twins, Monozygotic
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  • 174
    Publication Date: 1980-01-11
    Description: Characteristic potentiation of rat locomotion responses and acoustic startle reflexes that normally appear in the third postnatal week was absent in rats exposed to diazepam during the third week of gestation. Loss of these behaviors suggests a long-term effect that may result from changes in cellular development. Tissue undergoing neuronal differentation may be especially sensitive to drugs that act on the central nervous system, and the period in which differentiation occurs is perhaps critical for the induction of changes that are later expressed as altered behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kellogg, C -- Tervo, D -- Ison, J -- Parisi, T -- Miller, R K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 11;207(4427):205-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/drug effects ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Diazepam/*pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus/*drug effects ; Gestational Age ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Reflex, Startle/drug effects ; Sound
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  • 175
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-11-28
    Description: Half of the nucleotide substitutions during the evolutionary divergence of genes in animals, bacteria, and viruses are silent changes. These result from an inherent biochemical property of DNA and are fixed by genetic drift. Evolution may be viewed as a device for protecting DNA molecules from extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jukes, T H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 28;210(4473):973-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Codon ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; *Genes ; Genetic Code ; Globins/genetics ; Histones/genetics ; Mutation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
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  • 176
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):176-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cesarean Section/standards/utilization ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Pregnancy ; United States
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  • 177
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: Exposure of pregnant rats to the anesthetic nitrous oxide on the ninth day of gestation causes fetal resorption, skeletal anomalies, and macroscopic lesions including encephalocele, anophthalmia, microphthalmia, and gastroschisis. The inert gas xenon, which has anesthetic properties similar to those of nitrous oxide, does not cause teratogenic effects under the same experimental conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lane, G A -- Nahrwold, M L -- Tait, A R -- Taylor-Busch, M -- Cohen, P J -- Beaudoin, A R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):899-901.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anesthetics/*adverse effects ; Animals ; Female ; Nitrous Oxide/*toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; *Teratogens ; Xenon/*toxicity
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  • 178
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lechat, M F -- Borlee, I -- Bouckaert, A -- Misson, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1296-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/*etiology ; Caffeine/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; *Teratogens
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  • 179
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Structural and functional analysis of the mouse alpha-globin and beta-globin genes reveals that the globin genes are encoded in discontinous bits of coding information and that each gene locus is much more complex than was originally supposed. Each seems to consist of an array of several authentic genes as well as several apparently inactive pseudogenes. Comparison of the sequences of some of these genes to one another indicates that chromosomal DNA is a dynamic structure. Flanking and intervening sequences change in two ways: quickly, by duplication and extensive insertions and deletions, and slowly, by point mutation. Active coding sequences are usually limited to the slower mode of evolution. In addition to identifying fast and slow modes of evolution, it has also been possible to test the function of several signals that surround these genes and to identify those that appear to play a role in gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leder, P -- Hansen, J N -- Konkel, D -- Leder, A -- Nishioka, Y -- Talkington, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1336-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Genes ; Globins/*genetics ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
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  • 180
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):883-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6107993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Biological Evolution ; Chicago ; Congresses as Topic ; Fossils ; Gene Frequency ; Models, Theoretical ; Mutation ; Time Factors
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  • 181
    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: Isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase from heart and muscle of Atlantic hagfish show less functional divergence than those from other fishes and higher vertebrates. The enzyme from hagfish heart (B4) displays a higher Michaelis constant for pyruvate and lower substrate inhibition at moderate pyruvate concentrations than heart isozymes from other species. These properties support the hypothesis that the ancestral vertebrate lactate dehydrogenase was a muscle (A4)-type enzyme and also suggest a role for the B4 enzyme in the unusual physiology of hagfish cardiac tissue which functions under sustained hypoxic conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sidell, B D -- Beland, K F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4432):769-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Energy Metabolism ; Fishes/genetics/*physiology ; Genes ; Isoenzymes ; Kinetics ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/*genetics/metabolism ; Muscles/*enzymology ; Myocardium/enzymology ; Pyruvates/metabolism
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  • 182
    Publication Date: 1980-08-29
    Description: Electrophysiological field potentials from hippocampal slices of rat brain show sex-linked differences in response to 1 X 10(-10)M concentrations of estradiol and testosterone added to the incubation medium. Slices from male rats show increased excitability to estradiol and not to testosterone. Slices from female rats are not affected by estradiol, but slices from female rats in diestrus show increased excitability in response to testosterone whereas slices from females in proestrus show decreased excitability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teyler, T J -- Vardaris, R M -- Lewis, D -- Rawitch, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 29;209(4460):1017-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7190730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Biotransformation ; Diestrus ; Estradiol/metabolism/*pharmacology ; *Estrus ; Female ; Hippocampus/*drug effects ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Proestrus ; Pyramidal Tracts/*drug effects ; Rats ; Sex Differentiation ; Testosterone/*pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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