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  • 1
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    Pattern Formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis via Droplet Evaporation on Micropillars Arrays at a Surface (2016)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In: Langmuir
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-08
    Description: Langmuir DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01658
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 2
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    The offsets between galaxies and their dark matter in {Lambda} cold dark matter (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-21
    Description: We use the ‘Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments’ ( eagle ) suite of hydrodynamical cosmological simulations to measure offsets between the centres of stellar and dark matter components of galaxies. We find that the vast majority (〉95 per cent) of the simulated galaxies display an offset smaller than the gravitational softening length of the simulations (Plummer-equivalent  = 700 pc), both for field galaxies and satellites in clusters and groups. We also find no systematic trailing or leading of the dark matter along a galaxy's direction of motion. The offsets are consistent with being randomly drawn from a Maxwellian distribution with  ≤ 196 pc. Since astrophysical effects produce no feasible analogues for the $1.62^{+0.47}_{-0.49}$  kpc offset recently observed in Abell 3827, the observational result is in tension with the collisionless cold dark matter model assumed in our simulations.
    Print ISSN: 1745-3925
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-3933
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Self-interacting dark matter scattering rates through cosmic time (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-27
    Description: We estimate the rate of dark matter scattering in collapsed structures throughout the history of the Universe. If the scattering cross-section is velocity independent, then the canonical picture is correct that scatterings occur mainly at late times. The scattering rate peaks slightly at redshift z ~ 6, and remains significant today. Half the scatterings occur after z ~ 1, in structures more massive than 10 12 M . Within a factor of 2, these numbers are robust to changes in the assumed astrophysics, and the scatterings would be captured in cosmological simulations. However, for particle physics models with a velocity-dependent cross-section (as for Yukawa potential interactions via a massive mediator), the scattering rate peaks before z ~ 20, in objects with mass 10 4 M . These precise values are sensitive to the redshift-dependent mass–concentration relation and the small-scale cut-off in the matter power spectrum. In extreme cases, the qualitative effect of early interactions may be reminiscent of warm dark matter and strongly affect the subsequent growth of structure. However, these scatterings are being missed in existing cosmological simulations with limited mass resolution.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Natural Distribution of the Ixodes dammini spirochete (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Spirochetes believed to be the cause of Lyme disease were isolated from white-footed mice and white-tailed deer, the preferred natural hosts of Ixodes dammini, the tick vector. Evidence suggests that deer act as a reservoir of the disease and provide an overwintering mechanism for both spirochetes and adult ticks. Some tick larvae may acquire the spirochete by transovarial passage and the nymphal stage may transmit the disease to humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bosler, E M -- Coleman, J L -- Benach, J L -- Massey, D A -- Hanrahan, J P -- Burgdorfer, W -- Barbour, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):321-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachnid Vectors/microbiology ; Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology/transmission ; Deer/microbiology/parasitology ; Disease Vectors ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Peromyscus/microbiology/parasitology ; Spirochaetales/*growth & development ; Ticks/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Puberty delay by a urinary cue from female house mice in feral populations (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: Urine produced by wild female house mice, living in high- and low-density populations and confined to areas within a highway cloverleaf, was tested for its ability to delay puberty in juvenile female mice. Only urine collected from females in the dense population at its maximum density delayed puberty in test females. Urine collected when the population was less dense, or from a population that remained sparse, failed to delay puberty. These results suggest that a urinary factor present at high densities may delay puberty and thus help to slow further population growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Massey, A -- Vandenbergh, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):821-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7190728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild/physiology ; Crowding ; Estrus ; Female ; Mice/*physiology/urine ; Pheromones/*urine ; *Population Density ; Pregnancy ; *Sexual Maturation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Can we make a case for astronomy? (2018)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Anita Heward and Robert Massey report from a meeting that discussed how astronomers could engage with the public and politicians – and ask what are the most effective ways to do so?
    Print ISSN: 1366-8781
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-4004
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.
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  • 7
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    Drebrin E depletion in human intestinal epithelial cells mimics Rab8a loss of function (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-09
    Description: Intestinal epithelial cells are highly polarized and exhibit a complex architecture with a columnar shape and a specialized apical surface supporting microvilli organized in a brush border. These microvilli are rooted in a dense meshwork of acto-myosin called the terminal web. We have shown recently that Drebrin E, an F-actin-binding protein, is a key protein for the organization of the terminal web and the brush border. Drebrin E is also required for the columnar cell shape of Caco2 cells (human colonic cells). Here, we found that the subcellular localization of several apical markers including dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) was strikingly modified in Drebrin E-depleted Caco2 cells. Instead of being mostly present at the apical surface, these proteins are accumulated in an enlarged subapical compartment. Using known intracellular markers, we show by both confocal and electron microscopy that this compartment is related to lysosomes. We also demonstrate that the enrichment of DPPIV in this compartment originates from apical endocytosis and that depletion of Rab8a induces an accumulation of apical proteins in a similar compartment. Consistent with this, the phenotype observed in Drebrin E knock-down Caco2 cells shares some features with a pathology called microvillar inclusion disease (MVID) involving both Myosin Vb and Rab8a. Taken together, these results suggest that Drebrin E redirects the apical recycling pathway in intestinal epithelial cells to the lysosomes, demonstrating that Drebrin E is a key regulator in apical trafficking in Caco2 cells.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Self-interacting dark matter scattering rates through cosmic time (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-02
    Description: We estimate the rate of dark matter scattering in collapsed structures throughout the history of the Universe. If the scattering cross-section is velocity independent, then the canonical picture is correct that scatterings occur mainly at late times. The scattering rate peaks slightly at redshift z ~ 6, and remains significant today. Half the scatterings occur after z ~ 1, in structures more massive than 10 12 M . Within a factor of 2, these numbers are robust to changes in the assumed astrophysics, and the scatterings would be captured in cosmological simulations. However, for particle physics models with a velocity-dependent cross-section (as for Yukawa potential interactions via a massive mediator), the scattering rate peaks before z ~ 20, in objects with mass 10 4 M . These precise values are sensitive to the redshift-dependent mass–concentration relation and the small-scale cut-off in the matter power spectrum. In extreme cases, the qualitative effect of early interactions may be reminiscent of warm dark matter and strongly affect the subsequent growth of structure. However, these scatterings are being missed in existing cosmological simulations with limited mass resolution.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Looking for dark matter trails in colliding galaxy clusters (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-17
    Description: If dark matter interacts, even weakly, via non-gravitational forces, simulations predict that it will be preferentially scattered towards the trailing edge of the halo during collisions between galaxy clusters. This will temporarily create a non-symmetric mass profile, with a trailing overdensity along the direction of motion. To test this hypothesis, we fit (and subtract) symmetric haloes to the weak gravitational data of 72 merging galaxy clusters observed with the Hubble Space Telescope . We convert the shear directly into excess and project in to a one-dimensional profile. We generate numerical simulations and find that the one-dimensional profile is well described with simple Gaussian approximations. We detect the weak lensing signal of trailing gas at a 4 confidence, finding a mean gas fraction of M gas / M dm = 0.13 ± 0.035. We find no evidence for scattered dark matter particles with an estimated scattering fraction of f  = 0.03 ± 0.05. Finally, we find that if we can reduce the statistical error on the positional estimate of a single dark matter halo to 〈2.5 arcsec, then we will be able to detect a scattering fraction of 10 per cent at the 3 level with current surveys. This potentially interesting new method can provide an important independent test for other complimentary studies of the self-interaction cross-section of dark matter.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    What does the Bullet Cluster tell us about self-interacting dark matter? (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-01
    Description: We perform numerical simulations of the merging galaxy cluster 1E 0657–56 (the Bullet Cluster), including the effects of elastic dark matter scattering. In a similar manner to the stripping of gas by ram pressure, dark matter self-interactions would transfer momentum between the two galaxy-cluster dark matter haloes, causing them to lag behind the collisionless galaxies. The absence of an observed separation between the dark matter and stellar components in the Bullet Cluster has been used to place upper limits on the cross-section for dark matter scattering. We emphasize the importance of analysing simulations in an observationally motivated manner, finding that the way in which the positions of the various components are measured can have a larger impact on derived constraints on dark matter's self-interaction cross-section than reasonable changes to the initial conditions for the merger. In particular, we find that the methods used in previous studies to place some of the tightest constraints on this cross-section do not reflect what is done observationally, and overstate the Bullet Cluster's ability to constrain the particle properties of dark matter. We introduce the first simulations of the Bullet Cluster including both self-interacting dark matter and gas. We find that as the gas is stripped it introduces radially dependent asymmetries into the stellar and dark matter distributions. As the techniques used to determine the positions of the dark matter and galaxies are sensitive to different radial scales, these asymmetries can lead to erroneously measured offsets between dark matter and galaxies even when they are spatially coincident.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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