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  • Wheat  (108)
  • 42.60  (90)
  • Springer  (198)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 1980-1984  (198)
  • 1950-1954
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (198)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Annual Reviews
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing grain protein content of hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by mutation breeding (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Protein ; Mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Poor adaptability or functional quality of much germplasm used for breeding high-protein hard red winter wheats prompted mutagenesis as an alternative means of increasing grain protein content. Four hard red winter wheat genotypes — KS644 (‘Triumph// Concho/Triumph’), ‘Kaw’, ‘Parker’, and ‘Shawnee’ — were treated with 0.40 M ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Advanced lines (M8-M10) were selected that had a 3-year mean grain protein advantage of 0.7% to 2.0% over controls. Increased grain protein content was generally associated with decreased grain yield and kernel weight, but some high-protein mutant lines had yields or kernel weights similar to those of original genotypes. Changes in height and lodging induced by EMS were generally favorable, most mutants being shorter and lodging less than controls, but blooming date was generally delayed, a deleterious change. One line also changed from resistant to segregating for wheat soil-borne mosaic virus. Mutant lines might be utilized in cross-breeding programs, particularly if negative pleiotropic effects and linkages are absent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276260
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coherence time measurement of picosecond pulses by a light-induced grating method (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 215-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The temporal coherence function |Γ(τ)| of picosecond pulses from a Nd: YAG laser has been measured by diffraction at a transient grating. The coherence timet c =7 ps is small compared to the pulse widtht p =22 ps but is in correspondence with the spectral bandwidth Δv=12·1010 Hz. The new method for measuring the coherence function |Γ(τ)| is discussed and compared with a previous experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886171
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent effects on the gain of rhodamine 6G (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 253-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 78.30 ; 78.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of solvents on the gain and the peaks of gain spectra is investigated for rhodamine 6G (R6G) under nitrogen laser pumping. The non-specific solute-solvent interaction for R6G is found to be mainly dispersive. Additional shifts produced for R6G in certain solvents are explained as due to hydrogen bonding. The gain characteristics are interpreted on the basis of the position and overlap of absorption and fluorescence spectra, the quantum yield, the absorption at the pumping wavelength and the refractive index of the solvent. For the solvents studied it is found that R6G has high gain in solvents with low refractive index and high polarity. Amongst the solvents studied the alcohols displayed the highest gain with methanol being the most suitable solvent. The lowest gain amongst the alcohols was with capryllic alcohol which gave a gain that was 69% of that obtained with methanol. Amongst all the solvents studied the lowest gain was with chloroform, being only 34% of the gain in methanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00914908
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lanthanideβ″ aluminas (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 159-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 66.30 ; 61.70 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The entire sodium ion content of sodiumβ″ alumina (Na1.67Mg0.67Al10.33O17) can be replaced with a variety of lanthanide ions by simple diffusion reactions at moderate temperatures (500–700°C). Lanthanideβ″ alumina crystals are hard, clear, chemically stable, and have well-defined crystal structures. The fluorescence spectrum of Nd3+ inβ″ alumina is similar to that in YAG. The lifetime of the4 F 3/2 state of Nd3+ in completely-exchangedβ″ alumina (350μs at 1021 Nd3+ cm−3) is about 45% longer than in YAG (240μs at 1020Nd3+ cm−3). The lanthanideβ″ aluminas may be of considerable interest as new phosphor and laser host materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616612
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization method of an infrared two-wavelength laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 65-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.72.+h ; 42.55.Fn ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple method for stabilizing a He-Xe laser, which simultaneously operates at two wavelengths of 3.51 μm and 3.37 μm, is described. This stabilization method depends on the comparison of the light intensities of the two wavelengths, and has a possibility of realizing a stability of better than 1×10−8 with unmodulated output.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900400
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tunable infrared generation using the 6s−5d Raman transition in caesium vapour (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Coherent infrared radiation tunable between 1.6 and 3.2 μm was generated with a pulsed dye laser by 6s−5d 5/2 stimulated electronic Raman scattering in caesium vapour. We describe a technique using thermal dissociation to reduce the density of caesium dimers in a heat-pipe oven, which produced a factor of 7 reduction in Raman threshold. The threshold displayed a marked dependence on pump bandwidth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886169
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wide-range line-tunable oscillation of an optically pumped NH3 laser (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 237-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 34.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Selective single-line oscillation has been obtained from an NH3 laser in the range from 11 to 13 μm. Pumping of high pressure NH3−He mixture with theR(30) line of a TEA-CO2 laser made it possible to tune on more than 30 lines with the aid of a grating. However, such line tunable oscillation was not observed when theR(16) line was used for pumping. Reasons for this difference are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886173
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simplification of the helical TE N2 laser (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 319-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report the observation that the helical TE N2 laser can effectively be simplified by giving up the use of decoupling elements as well as by abolishing the segmentation of the electrode structure. Although, as a consequence of this simplification, the operating pressure range was slightly decreased, the output power could be improved by roughly 30%, a result which is attributed to the new electrode geometry exhibiting lower inductance and lower damping losses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00895921
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient behaviour of pulsed dye lasers (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Some aspects of the transient behaviour of pulsed dye lasers are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Relaxation oscillations induced in the output from a dye cell by an external reflector have been observed and explained, using a rate equation approximation to the physical situation in the dye cell. These oscillations are shown to play an important part in the generation of short laser pulses from long cavity dye lasers. Finally, it is proposed that 10 ps pulses can be obtained from conventional dye lasers pumped by 100 ps pulses from a high-pressure nitrogen laser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00895927
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodic pulse solutions of a laser consisting of a pair of amplifiers mode locked by a fast saturable absorber (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present periodic solutions, which are described in terms of Jacobian elliptic functions, for the steady state pulses from a laser system consisting of a pair of amplifiers of unequal relaxation time mode locked by a “fast” saturable absorber. The pulsewidth and the average power in the pulse are expressed interms of the system parameters through two different approaches, where detailed plots are given for one of the approaches. Summary of the characters to be possessed by the amplifier pair to ensure the reliable production of shortest possible pulses is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886009
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A monochromatic and frequency stabilized cw source in the 5 μm region obtained by doubling the frequencies of a cw laser in tellurium (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 21-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we describe the construction of a monochromatic and frequency stabilized continuous wave (cw) source in the 5 μm region. It is built up by a cw single line, single-mode frequency and amplitude stabilized CO2 laser. This primary CO2 laser source is then frequency-doubled in a tellurium crystal using second harmonic generation (SHG). The obtained emission is monochromatic (half-width 50 kHz). The frequency can be varied discreetly from 4.6 μm to 5.5 μ depending on the CO2 laser line chosen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900391
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coherent interaction of picosecond frequency-tunable light pulses with excitons in a semiconductor (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.60 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An investigation was made of the self-induced transparency effect in the semiconductor's exciton region using ultrashort frequency-tunable light pulses and an ultrafast streak camera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00901289
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the possibility of using lasers as detectors of gravitational waves (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 161-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The possibility to use narrow optical resonances and highly stable lasers as detectors of gravitational waves are discussed. The methods for measuring small displacements are based on the registration of small variations of a radiation frequency that arise in changing an optical phase. First results on the use of narrow resonances for precision measurements of small displacements are given. The achieved absolute sensitivity of the measurements amounted to 6·10−6 Å on the basis of 5·102 cm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00901290
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High precision wavelength meter with Fabry-Perot optics (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 311-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.40 ; 07.60 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A high precision wavelength meter in the visible is described, which is based on a Fabry-Perot interferometer with several etalons of different resolution. The interference fringe pattern projected on a photo-diode array detector is computationally processed to give a stepwise refinement of the wavelength value to any adjusted accuracy. The present model intends to provide digital and real-time values of high precision wavelength for dye-laser spectroscopy, and to serve as a monitor or as a pilot for wavelength control of a dye-laser source of nanosecond pulses. The model is, therefore, designed with particular emphasis on its short-pulse capability and on-line mode of operation as well as on its high sensitivity and resolution. Some arrangements of essential necessity are involved therein, such as to avoid an errorneous wavelength readout for a noisy incidence of pulsed field. The ultimate accuracy of wavelength measurement is prescribed by the resolving power of the thickest etalon employed. As applied to the pulsed source, the model determines the wavelength to the accuracy of ±one part in 107 for even a single shot nanosecond incidence of a fraction of μJ energy. The design and performance are described in connection to pulsed dye-laser incidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902989
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of oxygen atoms into As+ implanted silicon during cw CO2 laser annealing in O2 (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 71-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 61.80 ; 78.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract By annealing Si layers amorphised by ion-implantation with a cw CO2 laser beam in oxygen rich environments, it has been possible to incorporate O atoms into the recrystallized lattice. Absorption measurements on such regrown layers by infrared spectrometry have shown that the impurities are preferentially bonded into substitutional lattice sites, rather than existing interstitially. Supplementary RHEED studies have indicated thatβ-cristobalite, a crystalline form of SiO2, has been formed. These investigations highlight the importance of the ambient during cw laser annealing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616307
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vanadium oxidation as a result of cw CO2 laser irradiation in atmospheric air (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 68.55 ; 61.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract New results are reported concerning the vanadium oxidation by cw CO2 laser irradiation in air at atmospheric pressure. Particular emphasis is paid both to the initial stage and the development of the oxidation process under the action of the laser radiation. Some aspects are finally discussed concerning the quantitative theoretical interpretation of the experimentally recorded data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620638
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excimers and excimer lasers (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 95-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The development of excimers and excimer lasers are reviewed. The excimers of the noble gases (Xe 2 * , Kr 2 * , Ar 2 * ) and of the noble gas halides (e.g. KrF, XeCl) which, respectively, radiate in the vacuum ultra-violet and ultra-violet regions of the spectrum are described in terms of their structure, spectroscopy and formation kinetics and the methods of pumping, operational characteristics and applications of the lasers are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900671
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An anomalous Zeeman effect in methane at 3.39 μm (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 261-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The present paper reports on the first observation of an anomalous Zeeman effect on the hyperfine components of theF 2 (2) line in methane (λ=3.39 μm), on an asymmetry of a nonlinear resonance in the magnetic field due to the influence of recoid, and on measurements of shifts of individual hyperfine components in weak magnetic fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899767
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Full-automatic broad-band wavelength control of a pulsed dye laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 331-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 06.60 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A full-automatic wavelength controled pulsed dye laser has been developed. With the control system, dye laser oscillations of nanosecond pulses are tuned to any wavelength in the visible or scanned in any sweep mode keeping the nearly transform-limited bandwidth of 0.45 GHz. A mechanical tuning of the wavelength is employed, such that the motion of three wavelength selectors is synchronized to give a smooth and precise wavelength control. The basic principle underlying the tuning scheme, various requirements to be met in system construction, and the practical performance of automatic wavelength control are described in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899731
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermochemical instability of transparent media induced by an absorbing inclusion (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The initial stage of thermochemical instability induced by an absorbing inclusion within a transparent matrix, which irradiated by a laser beam, is studied. The instability results in a low threshold (formally non-threshold) optical breakdown of the matrix. It is brought about by the additional absorption of the laser light by the products of the chemical reactions in the matrix. The instability is characterized by a certain induction time when the rate of the chemical reactions is almost steady. When the induction is over, their rate rapidly increases. Theoretical estimate of the induction time are offered. The experimental study of the induction time dependence on the laser-beam intensity confirmed the theoretical estimation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702603
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    Laser plasmas (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 290-296 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 50 ; 34 ; 32.50 ; 42.60 ; 61.80 ; 62 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697858
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO2-laser isotope separation of tritium with pentafluoroethane-T (C2TF5) (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Isotope separation of tritium by CO2 laser-induced multiphoton dissociation (MPD) of C2TF5 is reported for the first time. The MPD spectrum obtained for C2TF5 comprised a broad peak at about 940 cm−1 where C2HF5 was nearly transparent. The unimolecular dissociation of C2TF5 was induced with much lower laser fluence than that for CTF3, another working molecule we proposed for laser isotope separation of tritium. The mechanisms and kinetics of the dissociation of C2TF5 and C2HF5 were investigated under various experimental conditions: laser frequency, pulse energy, pulse duration, tritium concentration, sample pressure, buffer gas pressure and irradiation geometry. Single-step separation factors exceeding 500 were achieved with the most efficientP(20) line in 00o–10o0 transition at 944.2 cm−1.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686364
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  • 23
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    A subpicosecond dye laser pumped by a xenon ion laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 191-192 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A pulsed xenon ion laser has been used to pump a rhodamine 6G dye laser utilizing a ring resonator. The dye laser has been passively mode-locked; a pulsewidth of 0.5 ps and a 50 kW peak power have been obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697634
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
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    Optical klystron experiments for the ACO storage ring Free Electron Laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 207-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract To improve the gain in the Orsay storage ring Free Electron Laser (FEL) experiment, the 17 period permanent magnet undulator has been modified to form an optical klystron (OK). We report the measurement of spontaneous emission and the effects on it of energy spread and angular spread. Gain and laser induced bunch lengthening measurements with the OK are also reported and are in very good agreement with the FEL classical theory. The spontaneous emission spectrum which is easy to measure with good signal to noise ratio, turns out to be a very good diagnostic tool forenergy spread and angular spread measurements on storage rings. The factor of four increase in the small gain obtained by converting the undulator NOEL into an OK was the critical factor in the recent operation of the ACO storage ring laser above threshold.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697637
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    CVL-pumped dye laser for spectroscopic application (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 31-36 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 33 ; 36
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A spectroscopic dye laser system-pumped by a Copper Vapor Laser (CVL)-has been built and optimized for different dye solutions operating in the spectral range from 530 to 890 nm. Conversion efficiencies up to 40% were reached in broad band operation, 24% with a prism expander grating cavity, and 20% in grazing incidence configuration, which operated at typical band widths of 3 GHz. Second harmonic generation (SHG) of the dye laser output produced tunable uv-radiation between 260 and 408 nm at conversion efficiencies ≦5%. Fundamental and SHG output were used for resonant ionization experiments in molecular beams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697518
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
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    Transverse mode dynamics in a free-electron laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 9-16 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.20 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We derive the most general equations of motion for the electrons and the electromagnetic field in a free-electron laser including the effects of diffraction and pulse propagation. The field evolution is expressed in terms of the amplitudes and phases of a complete set of transverse modes. The analytic solution is given in the small-signal regime, where the theory is shown to be in excellent agreement with a recent experiment at Orsay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690020
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  • 27
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    Tritium isotope separation by CO2-laser irradiation at low temperatures (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 83-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Tritium isotope separation by CO2-laser induced multiphoton dissociation of CTF3 is investigated. For the optimization of the performance of this working substance, trifluoromethane, the conditions to yield high-selectivity at high-operating pressure and low-critical fluence for complete dissociation are studied using our deconvolution procedure. The irradiation conditions are varied over the following ranges; wavenumber: 1052–1087 cm−1, gas temperature: 25°C to −78°C, CHF3 pressure: 5–205 Torr. The selectivities exceeding 104 are observed for 85–205 Torr CHF3 at −78°C by the irradiation at 1057 cm−1.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688351
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    Rye chromosome translocations in hexaploid wheat: a re-evaluation of the loss of heterochromatin from rye chromosomes (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 17-23 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale ; Highly repeated ; DNA sequences ; Heterochromatin ; Translocations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using in situ hybridization techniques, we have been able to identify the translocated chromosomes resulting from whole arm interchanges between homoeologous chromosomes of wheat and rye. This was possible because radioactive probes are available which recognize specific sites of highly repeated sequence DNA in either rye or wheat chromosomes. The translocated chromosomes analysed in detail were found in plants from a breeding programme designed to substitute chromosome 2R of rye into commercial wheat cultivars. The distribution of rye highly repeated DNA sequences showed modified chromosomes in which (a) most of the telomeric heterochromatin of the short arm and (b) all of the telomeric heterochromatin of the long arm, had disappeared. Subsequent analyses of these chromosomes assaying for wheat highly repeated DNA sequences showed that in type (a), the entire short arm of 2R had been replaced by the short arm of wheat chromosome 2B and in (b), the long arm of 2R had been replaced by the long arm of 2B. The use of these probes has also allowed us to show that rye heterochromatin has little effect on the pairing of the translocated wheat arm to its wheat homologue during meiosis. We have also characterized the chromosomes resulting from a 1B-1R translocation event. From these results, we suggest that the observed loss of telomeric heterochromatin from rye chromosomes in wheat is commonly due to wheat-rye chromosome translocations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264422
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    Glutenin subunits of genetically related European hexaploid wheat cultivars: Their relation to bread-making quality (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 107-111 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Glutenin ; Wheat ; Bread-making ; Chromosomal control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The subunit composition of glutenin from 47 European wheat cultivars was studied using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These cultivars are genetically related since they originate from the same stock. Moreover, the diversity of sample, containing cultivars with very different French bread-making qualities, makes it possible to investigate the relationship between glutenin subunit composition and bread-making quality. 16 electrophoretic types of glutenin subunits could be distinguished: these were grouped into four classes. Depending on the cultivar, six to eight glutenin subunits with MW more than or equal to 62,000 were detected. Subunits 3 and 5, with an approximate MW of 122,000 and 108,000 respectively, seem to play a prominent role on bread-making quality; they were found in cultivars of good quality and were absent in those unsuitable for making French bread. Two other subunits (9 and 10; MW: 71,000 and 66,000, respectively) have a less defined influence but may be needed in some types of glutenin structure. Aneuploid analysis shows that in ‘Chinese Spring’, subunit 5 is coded by a gene on the long arm of chromosome 1B. The location of genes coding for subunits 3, 9 and 10 could not be determined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263099
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    Chromosomal location of genes controlling seed proteins in species related to wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 25-31 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Seed proteins ; Wheat ; Barley ; Rye ; Ae. umbellulata ; Ag. elongatum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The seed proteins of ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat stocks which possess single chromosomes from other plant species related to wheat have been separated by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Marker protein bands have been detected for both arms of barley chromosome 5, chromosome E (= 1R) and B (= 2R) of rye, chromosomes A,B (= 1Cu) and C (= 5Cu) of Aegilops umbellulata and chromosomes I and III of Agropyron elongatum. These studies, and previous findings, indicate that chromosome 5 of barley, chromosome 1R of rye, chromosome I of Ag. elongatum and possibly chromosome 1Cu of Ae. umbellulata are similar to chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D in hexaploid wheat in that they carry genes controlling prolamins on their short arms and genes controlling high-molecular-weight (apparent molecular weight greater than 86,000) seed protein species on their long arms. These findings support the idea that all these chromosomes are derived from a common ancestral chromosome and that they have maintained their integrity since their derivation from that ancestral chromosome.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275771
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    Monosomic analysis of genes for resistance against stem rust races in bread wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 313-316 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Puccinia graminis ; Stem rust resistance ; Monosomic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using monosomic analysis genes governing resistance in one wheat variety, ‘E5883’, against stem rust races 15C and 122, were located on specific chromosomes. Against race 15C, a major dominant gene, Sr6, was located on chromosome 2D of ‘E5883’ with minor modifiers found on chromosomes 4A and 6D. Against race 122, the presence of a recessive hemizygous ineffective gene, Sr8, was identified, located on chromosome 6A of variety ‘E5883’.
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    Analysing environments for plant breeding purposes as exemplified by multivariate analyses of long term wheat yields (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 317-325 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Environmental evaluation ; Plant breeding ; Multivariate analysis ; Wheat ; Climatic variable
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A previous attempt to relate long term yields from the Western Australian wheat belt to climatic factors proved only partially successful. Here, principal component analysis has been used to examine the patterns of variability created by those socio-economic factors which may have obscured any underlying relationship which existed between yield and climate. In fact, these analyses revealed the existence of variation peculiar to particular groups of years, a result which could explain why many attempts to relate crop yields directly to climatic factors have proved unsuccessful. The plant breeding implications of these genotype x environment interactions are considered.
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    Genetic variation in wheat endosperm proteins: an analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis using intervarietal chromosomal substitution lines (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 361-371 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Endosperm ; Proteins ; Electro phoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The major endosperm proteins in a range of genotypes of hexaploid wheat have been fractionated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The genotypes included nine varieties and forty four intervarietal substitution lines in which chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 6A, 6B or 6D from eight of the varieties have been introduced one at a time into a common genetic background. The appearance of different protein subunits was often correlated with a chromosome substitution. This showed that many of the genes for the high molecular weight protein subunits (molecular weight range 55,000 to 140,000 determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) are specified by chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D while many of the lower molecular weight subunits (molecular weight range 30,000 to 45,000) are specified by chromosomes 6A, 6B and 6D. The different protein subunits correlated with chromosome substitution could not always be recognised in the varietal source of the substituted chromosome. The different subunits specified by homologous chromosomes in different wheat varieties may differ in isoelectric point and/or molecular weight.
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    The role of ‘Norin 10’ dwarfing genes in photosynthetic and respiratory activity of wheat leaves (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 81-84 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; ‘Norin 10’ dwarfing genes ; Photosynthesis ; Respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A comparative analysis of eight cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) classified by height as tall (T), semi-dwarf (D1), dwarf (D2) and very dwarf (D3) was conducted to study their efficiency of oxygen exchange during photosynthesis and dark respiration. Two cultivars were included in each height group. Cultivars carrying ‘Norin 10’ dwarfing genes (D1, D2 and D3) were found to have a significantly higher photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area than talls (T) that lack these genes. Among the ‘Norin’ gene carriers, dwarf group (D2) was most efficient, followed by very dwarf (D3) and semi-dwarf (D1). Photosynthetic rate and respiratory rate were found to have a positive relationship.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282421
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    Predicting the frequencies of transgressive segregants for yield and yield components in wheat (1982)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 127-134 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Genetical analysis ; Cross prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genetical analysis of the F2 triple test cross design combined with conventional early generations was used to elucidate the genetical control of yield and yield components in two crosses of winter wheat. From estimates of the additive, {d}, and additive X additive, {i}, components of means, together with the additive genetical variance, D, predicted frequencies of recombinant inbred lines that would transgress the parental range were calculated for each cross. The accuracy of predictions was evaluated by comparing expected frequencies with observed numbers in populations of F6 lines previously developed by single seed descent. For both crosses and all characters where an adequate genetical model was found to explain the observed variation between the early generations, good agreement between predicted and observed frequencies of transgressive segregants was obtained. Furthermore, for characters exhibiting significant epistasis, allowance for additive X additive {i} epistasis in the prediction equations was sufficient to allow for skewness of the recombinant inbred population. These results demonstrate that cross performance in wheat can be predicted from genetical analysis of early generations, and the value of this approach in breeding new varieties is discussed.
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    Relationships of Agropyron intermedium chromosomes determined by chromosome pairing and alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in common wheat background (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 213-217 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Agropyron ; Chromosome pairing ; Alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The relationships of Agropyron intermedium chromosomes in two wheat-Agropyron addition series were determined. Chromosome pairing behaviour revealed that the alien chromosome in lines TAF-2 and L7 of ‘Vilmorin’-A. intermedium set are homologous to the alien chromosomes in lines P and C of the ‘Caribo’-A. intermedium set respectively. Localization of alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme genes in ‘Vilmorin’-Agropyron addition line L4 and in ‘Caribo’-Agropyron line O indicated relationships with wheat chromosomes of homoeologous group 4.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303996
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    Preferential C-banding of wheat or rye chromosomes (1982)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 227-233 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: C-banding ; Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using different stains, wheat chromosomes could be distinguished from rye chromosomes by preferential staining. C-bands of rye chromosomes were preferentially stained with Giemsa while those of wheat chromosomes were preferentially stained with either Leishman or Wright stain. Preferential staining aids the identification of wheat and rye chromosomes and chromosome segments and in particular the recognition of wheat/rye chromosome substitutions and translocations.
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    Inheritance of glutenin subunits in F1 seeds of reciprocal crosses between European hexaploid wheat cultivars (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 103-107 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Glutenin ; Wheat ; Co-dominance ; Bread-making
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ten pairs of reciprocal crosses have been made between wheat cultivars which show differences in their glutenin subunit compositions. The F1 seed glutenin subunit composition was studied by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The results indicate that all the high molecular weight (HMW) and medium molecular weight (MMW) subunits (from 133,000 to 65,000 daltons) are transmitted to the F1 seed generation from the parental cultivars. In accordance with the triploid nature of the heterozygous endosperm (3n) and with the maternal and paternal gene dosage ratio (2∶1) in the endosperm itself, a significant effect of maternal parent is registered when comparing pairs of reciprocal seeds. Genes coding for the glutenin subunits are expressed whatever their doses are (one, two, or three) in the hybrid endosperm; thus the glutenin subunits inheritance is consistent with the co-dominant type. For one pair of the reciprocal crosses, two MMW parental bands (MW: 71,000 and 66,000) seemed absent in the F1 seed patterns while a new band with an intermediate, apparent MW (68,000) appears. This phenomenon was observed when the glutenins analyzed by electrophoresis were previously separated from other endosperm proteins, and not when they were directly extracted from the ground seed. We assume that the extraction can cause interactions between moieties attached to the subunits and lead to the formation of a complex having an intermediate electrophoretic mobility.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272713
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    The chromosomal location of malate dehydrogenase isozymes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 255-258 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Malate dehydrogenase ; Chromosomal location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The malate dehydrogenase (E.C. no 1.1.1. 37) of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring, shows two activity zones. The results obtained support the hypothesis that the malate dehydrogenase isozymes of zone II are dimers composed of the six possible combinations of subunits coded by triplicate genes located in the long arms of chromosomes of the homoeologous group 1.
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    The relationship between the Rht 1 and Rht 2 dwarfing genes and grain weight in Triticum aestivum L. spring wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 153-157 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Inheritance ; Culm-length ; GA insensitivity ; Grain weight ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The study was carried out in the first year on samples of random F5 lines, uniform in height and in heading date, of three crosses between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), differing in grain weight and in their Rht gene. In the second year only the progenies of the early heading F5 lines were studied. All the material was grown in the absence of lodging. The culm-length genotypes of the different lines were identified by test crosses and by a seedling GA response test. No differences in grain weight were found between the two semi dwarf genotypes (Rht 1Rht1 rht 2rht2 and rht 1rht1 Rht 2Rht2). The tall genotype (rht 1rht1 rht 2rht2) was significantly higher in grain weight than the two semi dwarf genotyes and the grain weight of these genotypes exceeded markedly the grain weight of the dwarf genotype (Rht 1Rht1 Rht 2Rht2). These genotypic effects were independent of differences in plant height, heading date or number of grains per spike.
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    The Tom Thumb dwarfing gene Rht3 in wheat (1983)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 249-256 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Dwarfism ; Yield ; Quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of the ‘Tom Thumb’ Rht3 dwarfing gene in wheat on plant height, yield components and grain quality in field trials of random inbred lines from two ‘Minister Dwarf’ (Rht3) x rht3 crosses are described. Limited genetic increases in Rht3 plant height, up to 70 cm, were achieved by incorporating genes from the extremely tall variety ‘April Bearded’. Amongst lines from the higher yielding cross, the dwarfing gene did not reduce grain yield but was associated with an increase in grain number of over 25%. Although Rht3 reduced grain protein content by up to 0.8%, breadmaking quality, as measured by SDS sedimentation values and baking tests, was not affected. A controlled environment experiment with near-isogenic Rht3 and rht3 lines indicated that reduced grain size in the dwarfs is a competitive response to the increase in fertility rather than a primary effect of the dwarfing gene.
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    The regeneration of plants from frozen pollen embryos and zygotic embryos of wheat and rice (1984)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 525-528 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cryopreservation ; Embryo culture ; Haploids ; Wheat ; Rice ; Germplasm bank
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Anther culture derived pollen embryos and immature zygotic embryos of wheat and rice, frozen in liquid nitrogen in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, sucrose and glycerol, have been revived. The retrieved cultures proliferated and/or regenerated shoots and plantlets. The prospects of the cryopreservation of embryos for the conservation and multiplication of germplasm and the possibility of the establishment of ‘Germplasm Banks’ are discussed.
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    Evidence for maternal effect in the inheritance of grain protein in crosses between cultivated and wild tetraploid wheats (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 521-524 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum ; Grain protein ; Grain weight ; Maternal effect ; Cytoplasmic effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Reciprocal crosses were made between cultivated wheat (Triticum turgidum var. ‘durum’) and a high-protein line of wild tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum var. ‘dicoccoides’). F1 grains (on maternal spikes) were very similar to the selfed grains on the maternal parent in protein percentage, weight and protein content. These traits were also analyzed in F3 grains developed on F2 spikes of segregating populations derived from reciprocal crosses between the same cultivated parent and another high-protein line of var. ‘dicoccoides’. No significant differences in the mean values of these traits were found between the reciprocal crosses, indicating no cytoplasmic effect. It has been concluded that these grain characteristics are largely determined by the maternal plant.
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    Heritability of grain yield, plant height and test weight of a population of winter wheat adapted to Southwestern Ontario (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 21-23 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Heritability ; Yield ; Height
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Grain yield, plant height and test weight were studied in a population of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The population consisted of F2 bulk populations of 42 crosses among 11 genotypes adapted to S. W. Ontario. Heritabilities were: 0.30±0.32 for yield, 0.77±0.15 for height and 0.98±0.08 for test weight. Predicted genetic gain with 10% selection intensity was 0.15 t/ha for yield, 10.1 cm for height and 3.00 kg/hl for test weight. The low heritability for yield indicates that effective selection would require pedigree information and progeny tests, while the high heritabilities for height and test weight indicate that selection for these traits using single plots would be appropriate.
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    The use of irradiated pollen for differential gene transfer in wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 103-111 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pollen irradiation ; Wheat ; Differential gene transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The use of irradiated pollen to bring about limited gene transfer in wheat has been investigated. Doses of X-rays of 2Kr, 3Kr and 5Kr were used to generate M1 progeny between maternal and paternal genotypes differing in quantitative and major gene characters. Cytological studies of M1 plants revealed hybrids with widespread aneuploidy and structural rearrangements in the paternal genome. These effects resulted in phenotypic variation between M1 progeny and complex multivalent formation at meiosis. All M1 plants at the 5Kr and 3Kr doses were sterile and all but 2 plants at the 2Kr dose. Studies of the two M2 families from these plants revealed disturbances in genotype frequencies for some of the marker loci with an excess of maternal homozygotes and a deficit of paternal homozygotes. This was also reflected in a more maternal appearance for quantitative characters. These results are interpreted as showing that irradiation damage to the paternal genome in M1 plants results in the differential transmission of maternal alleles.
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    Chitinase as a possible resistance factor for higher plants (1983)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 171-172 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Resistance ; Genetic engineering ; Yellow rust ; Wheat ; Chitinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Virulence and resistance may act on the same biochemical mechanisms. Because Erwinia-virulence on potato depends on the lysis of cell walls of the host, resistance may depend on the lysis of cell walls of the parasite. An example is given with yellow rust on wheat.
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    Aneuploid analysis of low molecular weight gliadins from wheat (1980)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 65-69 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Gliadins ; Chromosomal control ; Aneuploid analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The chromosomal location of genes affecting five components from the low molecular weight gliadin (LMWG) fraction from wheat endosperm has been investigated by aneuploid analysis. Genes controlling these proteins were assigned to chromosomes 4B, 7A and 7D. Chromosomes from homoeologous groups 1, 2 and 6, where genes controlling classical gliadins are located, are not involved in the control of LMWG.
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    Genotypic effects of the maternal tissues of wheat on its grain weight (1980)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 247-252 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Maternal tissues ; Grain weight ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Caryopsis ; Pericarp ; Endosperm ; Embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Reciprocal crosses were made between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) differing in grain weight. The weights of the F1 grains (on maternal spikes), from intact as well as from defoliated plants, and those of the F2 grains (on f1 spikes), were examined. Grain weight was controlled primarily by the genotype of the maternal tissues (pericarp, testa or other floret or spikelet organs, including the vascular system), with complete dominance of heaviness. No indications suggesting maternal inheritance were obtained. The frequency distribution of the weights of the F2 grains indicated the presence of genotypic effects exerted by the endosperm or embryo. The embryo or endosperm factors for heaviness also seemed to be dominant.
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    Identification of a 4A/7R and a 7B/4R wheat-rye chromosome translocation (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 33-37 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rye ; Gene transfer ; Translocations ; Homoeologous genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary By producing chromosome substitutions with ‘Imperial rye’ chromosomes 4R (C) and 7R (D) in the wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ two spontaneous translocation lines were obtained. One involves segments of wheat chromosome 4A and rye chromosome 7R, the other involves portions of wheat chromosome 7B and rye chromosome 4R
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    Genetic studies of frost resistance in wheat (1981)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 145-152 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Frost resistance ; Diallel cross ; F2monosomics ; Substitutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genetic studies of frost resistance were performed on various wheat varieties using diallel, F2 monosomic and substitution analysis. A six-parental cross including reciprocals was carried out, and F1 hybrids and their parents were used for the freezing tests under controlled conditions. Both the general combining ability (GCA) and the specific combining ability (SCA) were significant, indicating additive and non-additive gene action in the inheritance of frost resistance. The high GCA∶SCA ratio revealed a preponderance of additive genetic variance. No significant reciprocal differences were found between the reciprocal crosses. The variance/covariance graphical analysis indicated the partial dominance of frost sensitivity. Frost sensitive varieties had the largest number of dominant genes, while frost resistant varieties had the highest proportion of recessive genes. The magnitude of the additive component of variation was higher than that of the dominance component, and the overall measure of the degree of dominance was smaller than one, so average dominance is incomplete. The increasing and decreasing alleles are not equally frequent at all loci. In this set of wheat varieties the values of narrow and broad heritability are relatively high. F2 monosomic analysis of the winter wheat variety ‘Arthur’ crossed with the monosomics of ‘Chinese Spring’ revealed that the average frost resistance of all the 21 monosomics was lower than that of the disomic. F2 monosomic hybrids 5A, 2B, 4B and 5D proved to be relatively frost resistant, while monosomics 3A, 3B and 6D were the most sensitive. The control of frost resistance in the set of chromosome substitution lines of the variety ‘Cheyenne’ into ‘Chinese Spring’ (with the exception of 2B) indicated that the genes responsible for the frost resistance of ‘Cheyenne’ are localised in chromosomes 5A, 7A, 4B, 5B, 4D and 5D. The genetic basis of frost resistance and problems of analysis are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264968
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    Biochemical markers associated with two Mv chromosomes from Aegilops ventricosa in wheat-Aegilops addition lines (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 5-10 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Aegilops ventricosa ; Addition lines ; Biochemical markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The distribution of three biochemical markers, U-1, CM-4 and Aphv-a, -b, among wheat-Aegilops addition lines carrying Mv chromosomes from Aegilops ventricosa (genomes DvMv) has been investigated. Addition lines which had been previously grouped together on the basis of common non-biochemical characters carried marker U-1, a protein component from the 2M urea extract. The added chromosome, in the appropriate genetic background, seems to confer a high level of resistance to the eyespot disease, caused by the fungus Cercosporella herpotrichoides. The other two markers were concomitantly associated with another similarly formed group of addition lines. Both CM-4, a protein component from the chloroform:methanol extract, and Aphv-a, -b, alkaline phosphate isozymes, have been previously shown to be associated with homoeologous chromosome group 4, which suggests that the added chromosome in the second group of addition lines is 4Mv.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275171
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    Observed and hypothetical leaf rust progress curves of some genotypes of wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 85-88 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Leaf rust ; Resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The hypothetical leaf rust progress curves of 15 genotypes of wheat were generated by integrating the components of slow rusting resistance determined in the glasshouse. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) from the hypothetical and observed leaf rust progress curves were compared. It was found that the hypothetical AUDPC values of all the genotypes studied were smaller than their respective observed AUDPC values. Possible causes for the discrepancies in the observed and hypothetical values are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282422
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    Race-specific interactions between wheat genotypes and Indian cultures of stem rust (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 161-166 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Gene expression ; Resistance ; Local virulence ; Stem rust ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Near isogenic/substitution lines of stem rust resistance genes in different backgrounds of ‘Marquis’, ‘Chinese Spring’ and W 2691 and certain varieties with known genes for stem rust resistance were tested against each of 19 Indian cultures of stem rust races/biotypes (14, 15, 17, 21, 21A-1, 24, 34, 40, 40A, 42, 42B, 117, 117A, 117A-1, 122, 184, 194, 222 and 295). Sr 24 (‘Sear's 3D/Ag’), Sr 24 (TR 380-27 4/3 Ag 14-White seeded recombinant with ‘Agent’ type resistance), Sr 25 (‘Sear's 7D/Ag’), Sr 26 (‘Eagle’), Sr 26 (Knott's 6A/Ag translocation), Sr 27 (WRT 238-5), Combination line (Sr Tt1 + Sr 9b) were observed to be completely effective against all the 19 cultures tested. In addition, a number of lines, such as TAF2d (Sr Agi), Line W(Sr Tt2) and Combination III (Sr Tt1 + Sr 9e), were found to be effective against at least three of the most prevalent races (21, 40A and 117A-1) and a virulent race 122 in Indian natural population. Lines carrying genes other than Sr 2, Sr 9a, Sr 9f (‘Chinese Spring’) and Sr 15 (‘Norka’), and Line E were found to be resistant to one or more cultures of stem rust. The background effect upon the expression of a gene was observed by comparing the range of infection on single gene host lines in either different backgrounds and/or in cultivars with known genes for stem rust resistance against the 12 cultures of stem rust races found in India.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264522
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    An analysis of genes for resistance against two Indian cultures of stem rust races of two bread wheats (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 157-160 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Puccinia graminis ; Stem rust resistance ; Inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two bread wheat accessions, E5008 and E6160, have been genetically analysed for resistance genes effective against Indian cultures of stem rust races, 15C and 122. The inheritance of resistance to each race has been determined from the F1 and F2 of the crosses (resistant parents with the susceptible variety, ‘Agra Local’) and F2 progenies from the backcross to ‘Agra Local’. Tests have been performed to see if the two varieties carry common genes/s for resistance. The identity of the genes for resistance has been established from relevant crosses with single gene lines carrying known genes for resistance. A single dominant gene effective to race 15C in E5008 has been demonstrated to be Sr9b. Of the two recessive genes, each producing distinct infection types (0; and 1–3) against race 122, one gene has been inferred to be Sr12 and the second to be a hitherto undesignated gene. The resistance of E6160 against race 15C is controlled by two genes, one dominant and one recessive. The dominant gene has been identified as Sr9b. The recessive gene has been inferred to be a new gene. Similarly, a dominant gene effective against race 122 in E6160 has been observed to be different from those so far designated. In addition, the presence of modifier gene/s in the variety, E6160 has been suggested.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264521
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    Inheritance of glutenin protein subunits of wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 333-337 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Seed proteins ; Glutenin protein ; subunits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The inheritance of the high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin protein subunits in hexaploid wheat has been investigated by using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to examine the segregation of these subunits in 496 test-cross seeds. The parents of the f1 hybrid were chosen so that the test-cross seeds segregated for all the HMW glutenin bands. Two glutenin subunits from one parent, believed to be controlled by genes on chromosome 1D, segregated as alternatives to two glutenin subunits from the other parent, a result that supports the assumption that these subunits are controlled by allelic genes at each of two loci that are very closely linked. Similar results were obtained for glutenin subunits believed to be controlled by chromosome IB, which suggests that these subunits are controlled also by allelic genes at each of two loci that are very closely linked. A single glutenin subunit band, believed to be controlled by chromosome 1A, segregated as an alternative to a single glutenin band from the other parent, except that one seed did not possess either band. It was concluded that these bands are controlled either by allelic genes or by nonallelic genes that are very closely linked.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264323
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    Investigation of a preferentially transmitted Aegilops sharonensis chromosome in wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 27-33 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Preferential transmission ; In situ hybridization ; C-banding ; Aegilops sharonensis ; Wheat ; Addition ; Substitution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An attempt to produce a set of addition lines of Aegilops sharonensis to the wheat variety ‘Chinese Spring’ produced only one addition line. This was due to preferential transmission of one chromosome from Ae. sharonensis. This chromosome was studied in detail by established cytological methods of chromosome observation and by the newer techniques of C-banding and in situ hybridization of a cloned DNA sequence. The chromosome was found to be partially homologous to an Ae. sharonensis chromosome of similar behaviour in another wheat addition line. The incomplete homology of the two Ae. sharonensis chromosomes was due to the presence of a translocated segment of a wheat chromosome. — Substitution lines of the Ae. sharonensis chromosome for wheat homoeologous group 4 were produced and the Ae. sharonensis chromosome thereby designated 4 S l .
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261506
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    Two NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (E.C. 1.1.1.1) in callus cultures of wheat, rye and triticale (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 45-48 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale ; Callus cultures ; Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Isoenzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases ADH-1 and ADH-2, under independent genetic control of genes designated as Adh-1 and Adh-2 located on chromosomes 4A, 4B and 4D, have been reported in aestivum wheat (Hart 1980). Only ADH-1 is expressed in developing seeds, dry seeds, pollen and germinating seedlings. ADH-2 can be induced in seedling roots or shoots under conditions of partial anaerobiosis or by certain chemicals. Expression of ADH-1 and ADH-2 isoenzymes was investigated in undifferentiated calli from aestivum and durum wheats, rye, triticale and also in in vitro regenerated roots and leaves from aestivum cultures. Wheat callus cultures originating from seed, mature and immature embryos, mesocotyl and root, as well as cultures grown on media containing different supplements did not show any variation in the overall expression of ADH-1 or ADH-2, although differences in the band intensities were observed. The callus isoenzyme pattern was similar to that observed in roots under anaerobic conditions. Both ADH-1 and ADH-2 were expressed in in vitro regenerated roots but were absent in regenerated leaves. Expression of ADH-1 and ADH-2 in wheat calli seems to be related to the type of differentiation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276281
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    The Tom Thumb dwarfing gene, Rht3 in wheat, I. Reduced pre-harvest damage to breadmaking quality (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 121-126 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Quality ; Dwarfism ; Gibberellin ; α-amylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of the Tom Thumb dwarfing gene, Rht3, on the quality and quantity of grain α-amylase produced during germination and by induction with exogenous gibberellic acid are described. In a season conducive to high sprouting damage the gene reduced α-amylase levels in the field by 77%. Selection among random Rht3 genotypes showed that other genetic factors can be combined with the dwarfing gene to further increase sprouting damage resistance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293343
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    Genetic control of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) isozymes in cultivated wheat and rye (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 317-320 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rye ; Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase ; Genetic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) zymogram phenotypes of wheat, rye and their aneuploid derivatives were determined. Two genes involved in the production of 6-PGD isozymes were located on chromosome arms CRL (4 RL) and FRL (6 RL) of “Imperial” rye. On the basis of differential interactions between wheat and rye chromosomes, evidence was obtained that genes located on chromosomes 6 A, 6 BL and 7 BL control 6-PGD isozyme activities in ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat. The wheat and rye 6-PGD zymogram phenotypes were indicative of homoeologous relationships between rye chromosome 6 RL to wheat chromosomes of group 6, and rye chromosome 4 RL to wheat chromosomes of group 7.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275094
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    The purification and characterization of homologous high molecular weight storage proteins from grain of wheat, rye and barley (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 329-336 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: HMW storage prolamins ; Wheat ; Rye ; Barley ; Characterization and purification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Homologous high molecular weight storage prolamins were purified from grain of wheat, rye and barley using combinations of gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing. Sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the components were single bands with apparent mol.wts. of above 100,000. Molecular weights determined by sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation were considerably lower; 54,700, 67,600 and 69,600 for the components from barley, rye and wheat respectively. Amino acid analysis showed the presence of 13.6 to 16.5 mol% glycine, 29.6 to 34.0 mol% glutamate + glutamine, 11.4 to 13.7 mol% proline and a total of 4.0 to 5.7 mol% basic amino acids. Automated N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the component from wheat showed the presence of cysteine residues at positions 5 and 10, and this is discussed in relation to the possible role of these proteins in the visco-elastic gluten network.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275097
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    C-banded wheat chromosomes in wheat and triticale (1982)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 39-47 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: C-banding ; Wheat ; Triticale ; Heterochromatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The C-banding patterns of wheat chromosomes in 7 hexaploid triticale and 7 wheat genotypes are described and compared. All 14 wheat chromosome pairs were individually identified in the triticales and a tetraploid wheat, and all the B and two A genome chromosome pairs in the hexaploid wheat genotypes. Little variation was found between genotypes in the distribution of C-bands but considerable variation was found in their size, total number and total length.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303488
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    The wheat ribosomal DNA spacer region: Its structure and variation in populations and among species (1982)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 337-348 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; rDNA ; Sequence ; Populations ; Variation ; Spacer region ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The wheat rDNA clone pTA250 was examined in detail to provide a restriction enzyme map and the nucleotide sequence of two of the eleven, 130 bp repeating units found within the spacer region. The 130 bp units showed some sequence heterogeneity. The sequence difference between the two 130 bp units analysed (130.6 and 130.8) was at 7 positions and could be detected as a 4 °C shift in Tm when heterologous and homologous hybrids were compared. This corresponded to a 1.2% change in nucleotide sequence per ΔTm of 1 °C. The sensitivity of the Tm analysis using cloned sequences facilitated the analysis of small sequence variations in the spacer region of different Triticum aestivum cultivars and natural populations of T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (referred to as T. dicoccoides). In addition spacer length variation was assayed by restriction enzyme digestion and hybridization with spacer sequence probes. Extensive polymorphism was observed for the spacer region in various cultivars of T. aestivum, although within each cultivar the rDNA clusters were homogeneous and could be assigned to particular chromosomes. Within natural populations of T. dicoccoides polymorphism was also observed but, once again, within any one individual the rDNA clusters appeared to be homogeneous. The polymorphism, at the sequence level (assayed by Tm analysis), was not so great as to prevent the use of spacer sequence variation as a probe for evolutionary relationships. The length variation as assayed by restriction enzyme digestion did not appear to be as useful in this regard, since its range of variation was extensive even within populations of a species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303905
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    Chromosome and nucleotide sequence differentiation in genomes of polyploid Triticum species (1982)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 349-360 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chromosomes ; Nucleotides ; Evolution ; Polyploids ; Triticum ; Heterochromatin ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nature of genome change during polyploid evolution was studied by analysing selected species within the tribe Triticeae. The levels of genome changes examined included structural alterations (translocations, inversions), heterochromatinization, and nucleotide sequence change in the rDNA regions. These analyses provided data for evaluating models of genome evolution in polyploids in the genus Triticum, postulated on the basis of chromosome pairing at metaphase I in interspecies hybrids. The significance of structural chromosome alterations with respect to reduced MI chromosome pairing in interspecific hybrids was assayed by determining the incidence of heterozygosity for translocations and paracentric inversions in the A and B genomes of T. timopheevii ssp. araraticum (referred to as T. araraticum) represented by two lines, 1760 and 2541, and T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. Line 1760 differed from Chinese Spring by translocations in chromosomes 1A, 3A, 4A, 6A, 7A, 3B, 4B, 7B and possibly 2B. Line 2541 differed from Chinese Spring by translocations in chromosomes 3A, 6A, 6B and possibly 2B. Line 1760 also differed from Chinese Spring by paracentric inversions in arms 1AL and 4AL whereas line 2541 differed by inversions in 1BL and 4AL (not all chromosomes arms were assayed). The incidence of structural changes in the A and B genomes did not coincide with the more extensive differentiation of the B genomes relative to the A genomes as reflected by chromosome pairing studies. To assay changing degrees of heterochromatinization among species of the genus Triticum, all the diploid and polyploid species were C-banded. No general agreement was observed between the amount of heterochromatin and the ability of the respective chromosomes to pair with chromosomes of the ancestral species. Marked changes in the amount of heterochromatin were found to have occurred during the evolution of some of the polyploids. The analysis of the rDNA region provided evidence for rapid “fixation” of new repeated sequences at two levels, namely, among the 130 bp repeated sequences of the spacer and at the level of the repeated arrays of the 9 kb rDNA units. These occurred both within a given rDNA region and between rDNA regions on nonhomologous chromosomes. The levels of change in the rDNA regions provided good precedent for expecting extensive nucleotide sequence changes associated with differentiation of Triticum genomes and these processes are argued to be the principal cause of genome differentiation as revealed by chromosome pairing studies.
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    Chloroplast DNA and cytoplasmic male-sterility (1983)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 231-238 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Maize ; Wheat ; Rape ; Restriction fragments ; Two dimensional electrophoresis ; Melting profiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This paper deals with the relationship of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) and cytoplasmic malesterility (CMS) of maize, wheat and rape. Intramolecular heterogeneity and fragment patterns of DNA digested with restriction endonucleases were compared and analyzed. For this purpose methods of agarose gel electrophoresis and two dimensional gel electrophoresis with denaturating solvent concentration gradients were applied. 1) Heat denaturation of ctDNA from a male sterile line in maize yielded a profile with three melting regions. This base sequence heterogeneity was not observed for the ctDNA of its maintainer. 2) Maize ctDNA was digested with EcoR1 and BamH1 restriction endonucleases, wheat and rape ctDNA with EcoR1 only. No significant differences were observed in the comparison of the fragment patterns from the sterile lines and their maintainers with the exception of the sterile line in rape which lacked one fragment present in its maintainer. 3) Two dimensional electrophoresis using a gradient of denaturing agents revealed several differences in number and relative positions of the separated restriction endonuclease fragments between the sterile lines and their respective maintainers in all three tested crops. This raises the possibility that changes in ctDNA may be involved in CMS.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303770
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    Genetic studies of the crossability of hexaploid wheat with rye and Hordeum bulbosum (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 303-307 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Crossability ; Wheat ; Rye ; Hordeum bulbosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Crosses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Group 5 chromosome substitution lines from three different cultivar backgrounds indicate that there may be multiple alleles for reduced crossability with rye (Secale cereale L.) and H. bulbosum on both 5A and 5B chromosomes. No reduction in seed set was observed from any of the 5D substitution lines. It was found that the Kr1 locus on chromosome 5B had a more pronounced affect on both rye and H. bulbosum crossability than the Kr2 locus on chromosome 5A and that the effects of both loci were cumulative. The Kr alleles affected both rye and H. bulbosum crossability in a linear, or additive, fashion. The Kr 2 allele was shown to have little effect on H. bulbosum crossability compared to a significant effect on rye crossability. Tests with tetrasomic and nulli-tetrasomic lines of ‘Chinese Spring’ indicated that the kr allele is ‘null’ or inactive in promoting crossability while the Kr allele is active in reducing crossability to both rye and H. bulbosum. Thus, extra doses of the kr allele do not increase rye or H. bulbosum crossability in the presence of the corresponding Kr allele.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274168
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    Genetic control of α-Amylase production in wheat (1983)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 309-316 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; α-Amylase ; Isozymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An analysis of the α-amylase isozymes in GA-treated endosperm of wheat nullisomic-tetrasomics shows that there is more variation at the α-Amy-1 and α-Amy-2 homoeoallelic loci than was previously thought. Among the 16 isozymes produced by genes on the group 7 chromosomes, most could be definitely established as products of a single homoeoallele. Inter-varietal allelic differences would be expected at such loci and clear variation was found in isozymes produced by chromosomes 6B and 7B. The latter allele, α-Amy-B2b carried by the variety ‘Hope’, was used to locate the enzyme structural gene within chromosome 7B relative to the centromere and five other gene markers. The nature of the α-Amy-B2b phenotype and the rare non-parental isozyme patterns found among the recombinant lines indicates that the locus is large and compound, probably involving some degree of intra-locus gene duplication.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274170
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    Characterisation of high molecular weight gliadin and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits of wheat endosperm by two-dimensional electrophoresis and the chromosomal localisation of their controlling genes (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 29-37 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Gliadin ; Glutenin ; Tticum ; Wheat ; Endosperm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Gliadins, here defined as those proteins of defatted wheat endosperm which dissolve in 70% (v/v) ethanol at room temperature, were fractionated by gel filtration using Sephadex G-100. The protein which eluted with the void volume of the column, often described as high-molecular-weight (HMW) gliadin, was fractionated by the two different, two dimensional gel electrophoresis procedures of O'Farrell (1975) and O'Farrell et al. (1977). The next two fractions to elute from the gel column, ω-gliadin and α-, β-, γ-gliadin, were analysed similarly. The subunits of HMW gliadin and the classical (i.e. non-aggregated) gliadins map at distinctive positions on the electrophoregrams, the majority of the HMW gliadin subunits being more basic and having a slightly slower electrophoretic mobility than the α-, β-, γ-gliadins. These experiments demonstrate that those gliadins which aggregate to form HMW gliadin are distinct molecular entities and thus coded by different genes to those gliadins which do not aggregate. Glutenin, here prepared by a modification of the pH 6.4 precipitation procedure of Orth and Bushuk (1973), was also analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The low-molecular-weight subunits were found to correspond exactly with the HMW gliadin subunits. Using the nullisomic-tetrasomic lines and the ditelocentric lines of ‘Chinese Spring’, the genes controlling the synthesis of all the major HMW gliadin subunits were shown to be located on the short arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D, as are the genes coding for the ω-gliadins and the majority of the γ-gliadins.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281844
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    Responses of alloplasmic (cytoplasm=Triticum timopheevii) and euplasmic wheats (Triticum aestivum) to photoperiod and vernalization (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 61-66 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; T. timopheevii ; Wheat ; Photoperiod ; Vernalization ; Male sterility ; Alloplasmic hybrids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Studies were conducted to determine the influence of the male sterility-inducing cytoplasm of Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. on response of several common winter wheat (T. aestivum L.) nuclear genotypes to photoperiod and vernalization. Comparative studies of cytoplasmic substitution lines provide information on the role of the cytoplasmic genetic mechanism in growth and development. In the case of cytoplasmic male sterility-based hybrid production systems, ubiquity of sterility-inducing cytoplasm in derived hybrids warrants thorough characterization of its influence on plant phenotype. Factorial combinations of cytoplasm (T. timopheevii and T. aestivum), nuclear genotype, and photoperiod or vernalization treatments were evaluated under hydroponic conditions in controlled environment chambers. Interaction of cytoplasm, photoperiod, and nuclear genotype was significant in one or more experiments for days to anthesis and potential spikelet number, and interaction of cytoplasm, vernalization, and nuclear genotype was significant for days to spike emergence. Long day length was associated with increased percentage seed set in one study, but interactions of photoperiod and cytoplasm were not detected for percentage seed set. Interactions involving cytoplasm and photoperiod or vernalization were interpreted as evidence of the existence of genetic factors in cytoplsam of T. timopheevii which alter photoperiod or vernalization responses of alloplasmic plants relative to responses exhibited by euplasmic plants. Since photoperiod and vernalization responses are critical to adaptation, T. timopheevii cytoplasm can alter adaptability of T. aestivum. The specific effect would be nuclear genotype dependent, and does not appear to be of a magnitude greater than that induced by nuclear genetic variability at loci conditioning photoperiod or vernalization responses or other adaptation-determining characteristics. Normal multilocation/year testing of alloplasmic hybrids should therefore adequately identify zones of adaptation.
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    Application of LiF crystals with F 2 − colour centers (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 193-199 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that LiF crystals with F 2 − colour centers may be used in lasers for cavity Q-switching and in high-power Nd: glass laser systems for, increasing the contrast and the self-excitation threshold. Also Lif crystals with F 2 − centers are successfully used for the generation of ultrashort pulses, for the generation of difference frequencies in the ir spectral range and in intracavity spectroscopy experiments.
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    Mirror problems of a cw argon-ion laser at high output power (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 75-77 
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    Keywords: 42.30 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report upon some experiments done on a continuous-wave argon-ion laser which offers 300 W output power in the visible and 34 W in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, limited by the degradation of the resonator mirrors. To avoid destruction of the outcoupling mirror, a folded three-mirror instead of a two-mirror cavity was tried, resulting in nearly the same output power.
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    Waveguide CW 118.6 μm H2O laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 123-128 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports results of an experimental study of a cw 118.6 μm H2O waveguide laser. The laser cavity is a 3 cm inner diameter, 3.2 m long Pyrex tube, with plane reflectors against its ends, one of them being a copper mesh coupler. The active medium is a H2O:H2 gas mixture. Successive optimizations lead to a reliable output power of 50 mW, for the EH11 mode. The power density is the highest ever reported, and the stability is such that the power drifts by less than 2% per hour. This laser is competitive with the optically pumped 118.8 μm CH3OH laser.
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    Laser plasmas (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 186-188 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 52
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    Theory of synchronously pumped dye lasers (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 135-142 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of cw synchronously pumped dye lasers is presented. Under the assumption that the cavity (tuning element) bandwidth is much wider than the bandwidth of the transform limited pulses generated, the pulse forming dynamics is rigorously treated. It is shown that for a finite mismatch between the lengths of the dye and the pump lasers, a steady-state pulse develops in the dye laser cavity with a conserved pulseshape. The characteristics (energy, shape, peak power, duration) of these pulses of ultimate width are quantitatively determined as a function of cavity mismatch. An analytical solution for the pulse envelope is determined, which yieldsI(t)∝Sech2(t/t p ) to a good approximation.
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    Amplification and measurement of single 1.6–3.5 ps Pulses generated by a distributed feedback dye laser (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 1-4 
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    Keywords: 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have shown that distributed feedback dye lasers are capable of generating single transform-limited pulses of 1.6–3.5 ps duration when pumped by a mode-locked Nd: YAG laser. A short-pulse amplifier has been constructed in which the level of amplified spontaneous emission could be kept below 10−3 by properly taking into account the polarization anisotropy of the gain and by precise timing of the pump pulses. A sensitive autocorrelator is described which allows to measure pulse duration in a single shot.
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    A discussion of the problem of determining multiple lifetimes from picosecond absorption recovery data as encountered in two carbocyanine dyes (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 235-247 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 61.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Absorption recovery kinetics data on the picosecond time-scale of a high signalto-noise ratio can be obtained by using continuously operating synchronously modelocked dye lasers. We show that such data make it possible to determine multiple exponential decays with small differences in rate constants. We also show that an absolute prerequisite to accomplish this is that the measurements are performed at a number of different wavelengths, and that the decays are monitored in a time interval corresponding to several lifetimes. These considerations are demonstrated by measurements on two carbocyanine dyes, DQOCI and pinacyanol, respectively.
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    Transient orientational grating technique for investigations of fast molecular relaxation processes (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 129-137 
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    Keywords: 33.50 ; 42.10 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical description of a three-pulse transient grating technique is given where the pump pulses form orientational gratings. Including energy relaxation and angular reorientation the temporal behavior of the diffraction efficiency and energy transmission is discussed with respect to the dependence on the corresponding rate constants and the results are compared with experimental data for Rh6G and RhB. The polarization plane of the pulse diffracted by the grating is found to be rotated in dependence on its initial polarization.
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    Small-signal gain of Free Electron Laser in a resonator Gaussian mode (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 163-166 
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    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present an analytical expression for the small-signal gain of a Free Electron Laser (FEL) in the presence of a Gaussian mode. To describe the electron beam evolution we use the one-dimensional (1-d) Vlasov equation. Our perturbation result, valid for small values of the parameterq (length of the undulatorL divided by the Rayleigh rangeZ R), can be extrapolated to values ofq≈4÷5.
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    Short uv laser pulse generation by quenching of resonator transients (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 123-125 
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    Keywords: 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Short (〈0.5 ns) ultraviolet laser pulse generation by quenching of resonator transients is described. An output energy of 100–150 nJ at λ=340 nm is obtained using a pump energy of only 5–7 mJ at 308 nm. This pulse was amplified up to 100 μJ by a two stage amplifier.
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    Excimer-laser-pumped ps-dye laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 95-98 
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    Keywords: 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Generation of single dye laser pulses of 12 ps pulse width (FWHM) and 1.2 mJ pulse energy is described using only one XeCl-excimer laser as pump source. At 1 Hz pulse repetition rate the stability of amplitude and pulse width of these pulses is excellent.
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    Generation of coherent ultraviolet radiation in the 330 nm region by multiphoton excitation of sodium vapor (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 155-160 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report the observation of coherent uv emission at 330.2±0.5 nm when sodium vapor in a heatpipe is irradiated with a pulsed visible dye laser with output wavelength in the 570–595 nm region. It is found that intense uv emission can be produced from Na atoms as well as from Na2 molecules. The excitation functions and their dependence on vapor density and laser power density are presented and the mechanisms for producing the emission are discussed.
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    High-order harmonic mixing with Schottky diodes in the FIR region (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 199-200 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 07.60
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    Notes: Abstract We report results of harmonic mixing experiments between millimetric oscillators and FIR laser radiations up to 3 THz, using micrometer-size Schottky-barrier diodes. Signal-to-noise ratios suitable for precise frequency counting have been obtained for harmonic numbers up to 40.
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    A new blue-green XeF (C→A) excimer laser amplifier concept (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 227-231 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The feasibility of using the electrically excited XeF(C»A) excimer medium as an efficient wideband amplifier in the blue-green region of the spectrum has been investigated. Calculations show that for an intense blue-green optical flux input the amplification characteristics of XeF(C»A) improve, as a result of both bleaching of the pump induced absorbers and by additional production of XeF(C) level population. The removal of one of the major absorbing species, Xe** in the XeF (C»A) laser mixture by means of a pulsed ruby laser probe beam has been demonstrated.
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    Effect of resonant laser light upon a fast-atom charge-exchange source (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 233-236 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 07.77 ; 34.50
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of resonant laser-light upon a charge-exchange source of eV-range sodium atoms is to decrease the Na kinetic energy by about 2 eV. The mechanism probably involves a reduction of the space charge in the low-energy ion precursors. The reduction is caused by electrons created in collisional ionization of laser-excited atoms. This is related to the well-known optogalvanic effect. A knowledge of the existence of this effect can be important for the design of experiments involving laser driven chemistry.
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    Shape and delay of CO2-laser pulses in fog (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 251-253 
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    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract The problem of propagation of 10.6 μm-CO2 laser pulses in fog has been formulated and solved numerically, making use of Duhammel's principle. Fog droplets are considered Mie scatterers in the Rayleigh limit. Evaporation, power loss and time delay of pulse peak have been studied. Possible extensions of the technique have been discussed.
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    Extension of frequency measurements with Schottky diodes to the 4 THz range (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 167-168 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 07.60
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    Notes: Abstract The 11th harmonic mixing signals between a 386 GHz oscillator and a 4.25 THz laser with a signal to noise ratio of 25 dB in 100 kHz bandwidth have been obtained with a Schottky diode.
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    UV-laser induced photo-oxidation of aqueous benzene solutions: Formation of phenol (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 191-194 
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    Keywords: 35 ; 36 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract Aqueous solutions of benzene were irradiated by focussed KrF laser light. The formation of phenol together with varying amounts of 1.3-cyclopentadiene-1-carboxaldehyde was shown by uv absorption measurements. A mechanism for this photo-oxidation via benzene radical cations produced by 2-photon ionization of benzene is proposed. Comparative gas phase laser experiments and experiments with unfocussed laser beams were consistent with previous results using incoherent light sources.
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    Picosecond pulses and applications (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 172-179 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 07.65
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    Laser atomic photoionization spectral analysis of element traces (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 161-176 
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    Keywords: 32 ; 42.50 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new method for determining trace amounts of elements in a substance has been developed. It is based on thermal evaporation and atomization of a substance in vacuum and detection of the released trace atoms by the laser stepwise photoionization technique. A rather effective way of detecting atoms is their multistep excitation to Rydberg states by the radiation of tunable dye lasers with their subsequent ionization by electric field pulses. The analytical laser spectrometer consisting of several tunable, pulsed dye lasers, a vacuum chamber with an atomizer and a recording system is described. The microimpurities of elements have been detected in pure materials: the contents of Na impurities in CdS crystals (2×10−6%) and Al impurities in germanium (2×10−7%). The detection limit of about 10−9% was determined. A technique for direct determination of the content of elements in natural water and human blood is described. A high sensitivity, universality and other merits of the method enable it to be used in determining traces of many important elements at a level of 10−8 to 10−11% almost in any matrix.
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    A cw uv copper hollow cathode laser in the 260 nm region (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 127-135 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract A cw uv copper hollow cathode laser is described, which could be operated for a longer time duration with an output power of 7 mW in the 260 nm region. A double-cathode configuration with a protection for the mirrors from metal-vapour deposition is presented. Characteristics of the laser output power, the spontaneous emission, and the ion densities in the negative glow were measured as depending on the discharge current, the neon gas pressure, and the size of the cathode slit. The observed saturation of the laser output power at high discharge current (1 A/cm2) and the optimum slot size are discussed.
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    CW and pulsed FIR-CO2 hybrid laser with improved efficiency and amplitude stability at short FIR wavelengths (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 23-27 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract For the first time stable cw output of a FIR-CO2 hybrid laser has been achieved at wavelengths shorter than 300 μm. Due to the saturable absorber characteristic of the FIR laser gas, cw or pulsed emission is observed on both, the CO2 and the FIR laser output, depending on the operating conditions. Results are reported on different resonant lines in CH3OH and the 67 μm Raman line in NH3. The good efficiency of this laser is also demonstrated by the excitation of two new emission lines in CH3OH, namely 49 and 56 μm, pumped by 9R(22) and 9R(24), respectively.
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    Laser photoion projector (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 57-61 
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    Keywords: 33 ; 42.60 ; 82.50
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    Notes: Abstract A laser photodesorption microscope has been applied to obtain 4×103-fold images of rhodamine crystals on a tip with a diameter of 66μm. Peculiarities of the formation of these images have been studied with different values of electric field strength on the tip and laser pulse intensities.
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    Dye-laser frequency stabilization using optical resonators (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 179-185 
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    Keywords: 06 ; 07.60 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract We describe a study, performed using heterodyne techniques, of the frequency fluctuations of two completely independent ring dye lasers locked to independent reference cavities. Single laser linewidths of less than 750 Hz were achieved, the principal limitation being residual vibrations from the noisy laboratory environment. With future design and environmental improvements, ultranarrow linewidths are expected thus providing a useful tool for a great variety of high precision experiments.
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    Detection of free NH2(X 2 B 1) radicals by CARS spectroscopy (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 213-218 
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    Keywords: 35 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract CARS spectra of NH3 and the free NH2-radical in the NH stretch region at 3334 and 3220 cm−1 have been obtained, respectively. The NH2 radicals were generated by laser photolysis of 0.5 mbar NH3 at 193 nm with an ArF-exciplex laser and detected by time resolved CARS spectroscopy.
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    Frequency measurement chain to 30 THz using FIR schottky diodes and a submillimeter backward wave oscillator (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 63-67 
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    Keywords: 06 ; 07.60 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract An infrared frequency measurement chain is reported, the simplicity of which allows phase-coherent frequency measurements up to 30 THz. Frequency measurement is demonstrated on the 10P(28) line of the Lamb-dip stabilized13CO2-laser.
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    Proposal for the measuring molecular velocity vector with single-pulse coherent Raman spectroscopy (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 49-52 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract Methods for simultaneous measurements of more than one flow velocity component using coherent Raman spectroscopy are proposed. It is demonstrated that using a kilowatt broad-band probe pulse (3–30 GHz) along with a megawatt narrow-band pump pulse (∼100 MHz), coherent Raman signal resulting from a single laser pulse is sufficient to produce a high-resolution Raman spectrum for a velocity measurement.
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    On the high-voltage regime of the discharge in hollow-cathode tube (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 17-21 
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    Keywords: 52.00 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract A comparison of the operating characteristics of the high-voltage regime of the discharge in a hollow-cathode tube, the hollow-canthode discharge (HCD) and the discharge to a plane cathode are presented. The disappearnce of the hollow-cathode effect and the transition to a high-voltage discharge after inserting several anode rods into the cathode cylinder is exhibited. The similarity between the operating characteristics of such a high-voltage discharge and of a plane cathode discharge is shown. The loss of ions at the anode rods, as well at insulators or floating conductors is believed to be the reason behind the increase of the operating voltage and the disappearance of HCD characteristics. Practical means of increasing the operating voltage are mentioned.
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    An investigation of laser-induced fluorescence for measuring velocity distributions of neutral atoms using a CW dye laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 83-93 
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    Keywords: 32.80 ; 42.60 ; 6.30
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    Notes: Abstract The velocity distribution of evaporated Zr atoms has been measured by means of laser-induced fluorescence using a cw dye laser by scanning the laser line across the Doppler-broadened absorption line profile of the atoms. It is shown that the experimental data can be explained on the basis of an excitation theory for a three-level system developed from basic principles. It was calculated that the probability for an atom to be in the excited state mainly depends on the radiation-power density of the laser and on the residence time of the atom in the exciting laser light. It was found that the laser frequency must be well stabilized in order to meet the assumptions in the excitation calculation. Otherwise deviations to the theoretical predictions appear in the experimental results due to the jitter of the dye laser.
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Independently controllable multiline emission from a TEA CO2 laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Spatial separation of wavelengths in a CO2-laser resonator helps to avoid competitions. We have achieved this by means of a nearly concentric resonator with a grating or prism in its center. Thus, we demonstrated independent multiline emission with a variety of output spectra. The temporal sequence of the lines was conveniently controlled by varying their losses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697699
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation, stabilization, and amplification of subpicosecond pulses (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 319-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.60 ; 07.65 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A sync-pumped cw dye laser system has been used to produce subpicosecond pulses. Pulses as short as 0.7 ps, assuming a single-sided exponential pulse shape, were observed. A set of experiments was performed to investigate the origin and effects of noise in the sync-pumped system. A digital and an analog feedback loop have been designed to optimize the pulse width. The noise has been lowered by 10 dB for frequencies up to 10 kHz; long-term drift is also controlled by this method. A four-stage dye laser amplifier, pumped by a Nd:YAG laser which operates at a 10-Hz repetition rate, is synchronized electronically to the dye-laser picosecond pulses. A gain of 3×106 has been achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686361
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous, spatially resolved monitoring of C2 and OH in a C2H2/O2 flame using a diode array detector (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 93-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.60 ; 82.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Simultaneous, spatially resolved monitoring of C2 and OH in a flame is reported. Data could be captured in 10 ns employing two pulsed lasers and a diode array detector. Laser-production of C2 was also observed and a kinetic study of such molecules was performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692769
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