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  • Chemistry  (66,792)
  • Physics  (5,199)
  • 1980-1984  (36,373)
  • 1975-1979  (31,958)
  • 1945-1949  (3,659)
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  • 1
    Unknown
    Amsterdam ; New York : North-Holland Pub. Co
    Keywords: DDC 530.1 ; LC QC20 ; Mathematical physics ; Physics ; Quantum theory ; Relativity (Physics)
    ISBN: 9780444875853
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-10-13
    Description: Picosecond spectroscopy is a relatively new field of science that utilizes ultrashort laser pulses to monitor events taking place in the 10(-12) second regime. The continuing development of picosecond spectroscopy has made possible the detection and measurement of the primary events in many physical and tiological processes. This article describes a currently used picosecond spectroscopy system that is capable of reliably recording picosecond events. Two areas of picosecond research are discussed; one concerns the interaction of electrons in fluids, and the second the primary events in vision.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rentzepis, P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 13;202(4364):174-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/694523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Electrons ; *Kinetics ; Lasers ; Protons ; *Retinal Pigments ; *Rhodopsin ; Spectrum Analysis/*methods ; Temperature ; *Vision, Ocular
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: The structure and absolute stereoconfigurations of four adenosine adducts with (+/-)-7 alpha,8 beta-dihydroxy-9 beta, 10 beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene (BPDE) and their deoxyadenosine analogs have been determined. They result from both cis and trans addition of the N6 amino group of ademine to the 10 position of both enantiomers of BDPE. This was determined from studies of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, mass spectra, and circular dichroism spectra, as well as from their pKa values and chemical reactivities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jeffrey, A M -- Grzeskowiak, K -- Weinstein, I B -- Nakanishi, K -- Roller, P -- Harvey, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1309-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/316186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Benzopyrenes ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Circular Dichroism ; Dna ; *Deoxyadenosines/analogs & derivatives ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Conformation ; Mutation ; Stereoisomerism
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-08-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klotz, I M -- Haney, D N -- King, L C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 14;213(4509):724-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/*drug therapy ; Aspirin/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Hemoglobin, Sickle ; Humans ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Protein Conformation ; Salicylates/*therapeutic use ; Solubility ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1982-09-10
    Description: Alkyl-Substituted gamma-butyrolactones were synthesized and tested for their convulsant and anticonvulsant actions in mice and guinea pigs. The alpha-substituted compounds, alpha, alpha-dimethyl-, and alpha-ethyl-alpha-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone were anticonvulsant compounds with a spectrum of activity similar to that of ethosuximide. In contrast, beta-substituted compounds were convulsant agents similar to picrotoxinin. The alpha-substituted-gama-butyrolactones represent a new class of anticonvulsant drug with experimental and clinical potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klunk, W E -- McKeon, A -- Covey, D F -- Ferrendelli, J A -- GM-07200/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-24483/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS-14834/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 10;217(4564):1040-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6810462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives/*therapeutic use/toxicity ; Animals ; *Anticonvulsants ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Convulsants ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy, Absence/drug therapy ; Ethosuximide/pharmacology ; *Furans/*therapeutic use ; Guinea Pigs ; Mice ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Trimethadione/pharmacology
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Crystalline cholesterol undergoes a phase transition a few degrees below human body temperature. The high-temperature form has an unusually complex structure with 16 independent molecules. In the transition two molecules change side chain conformation, four reorient about their long axes, and ten remain unchanged. The transition mechanism implies relatively nonspecific intermolecular interactions, qualitatively consistent with the behavior of cholesterol in biomembranes. The transition preserves a remarkably closely obeyed pseudosymmetry present in the structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, L Y -- Nordman, C E -- GM15259/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):604-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Temperature ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Cholesterol ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Conformation
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-07-20
    Description: The iron-carbon monoxide stretching mode and the iron-carbon-oxygen bending mode in carbon monoxide-bound cytochrome oxidase have been assigned at 520 and 578 cm-1, respectively. The frequencies, widths, and intensities of these modes show that the Fe-C-O grouping in carbon monoxide-cytochrome a3 is linear but tilted from the normal to the heme plane; that the iron-histidine bond in both five- and six-coordinate cytochrome a3 is strained; and that the carbon monoxide and the proximal histidine each have characteristic, well-defined orientations in all molecules. These data can account for the binding affinities of carbon monoxide and dioxygen under physiological conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Argade, P V -- Ching, Y C -- Rousseau, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 20;225(4659):329-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6330890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Monoxide/metabolism ; Cattle ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*metabolism ; Myoglobin/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Arachidonic acid plays a central role in a biological control system where such oxygenated derivatives as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are mediators. The leukotrienes are formed by transformation of arachidonic acid into an unstable epoxide intermediate, leukotriene A4, which can be converted enzymatically by hydration to leukotriene B4, and by addition of glutathione to leukotriene C4. This last compound is metabolized to leukotrienes D4 and E4 by successive elimination of a gamma-glutamyl residue and glycine. Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis consists of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4. The cysteinyl-containing leukotrienes are potent bronchoconstrictors, increase vascular permeability in postcapillary venules, and stimulate mucus secretion. Leukotriene B4 causes adhesion and chemotactic movement of leukocytes and stimulates aggregation, enzyme release, and generation of superoxide in neutrophils. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, which are released from the lung tissue of asthmatic subjects exposed to specific allergens, seem to play a pathophysiological role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. These leukotrienes, as well as leukotriene B4, have pro-inflammatory effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samuelsson, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):568-75.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism/pharmacology/physiology ; Bronchi/drug effects ; Cats ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cricetinae ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*physiopathology ; Inflammation/*physiopathology ; Leukocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Leukotriene B4/pharmacology/*physiology ; Mice ; Microcirculation/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; SRS-A/*physiology
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-01-20
    Description: Peptide synthesis can be used for elucidating the roles of secondary structures in the specificity of hormones, antigens, and toxins. Intermediate sized peptides with these activities assume amphiphilic secondary structures in the presence of membranes. When models are designed to optimize the amphiphilicity of the secondary structure, stronger interactions can be observed with the synthetic peptides than with the naturally occurring analogs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, E T -- Kezdy, F J -- HL-18577/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 20;223(4633):249-55.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6322295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoproteins ; Binding Sites ; Calcitonin ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Endorphins ; Glucagon ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone ; *Hormones/pharmacology ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Melitten ; Models, Structural ; *Peptides/chemical synthesis/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; beta-Endorphin
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-10-19
    Description: Fourier transform mass spectrometry will play an important role in the future because of its unique combination of high mass resolution, high upper mass limit, and multichannel advantage. These features have already found application in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, multiphoton ionization, laser desorption, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. However, its most notable feature is the ability to store ions. This characteristic, when combined with the others, will allow expeditious study of the interaction of gas-phase ions with both photons (photodissociation) and neutral molecules, and the convenient application of this fundamental information for chemical analysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gross, M L -- Rempel, D L -- 2-8423576/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 19;226(4672):261-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6385250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Fourier Analysis ; Ions ; Lasers ; *Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation/methods
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: High-resolution carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of enzyme-inhibitor and enzyme-substrate complexes provide detailed structural and stereochemical information on the mechanism of enzyme action. The proteases trypsin and papain are shown to form tetrahedrally coordinated complexes and acyl derivatives with a variety of compounds artificially enriched at the site or sites of interest. These results are compared with the structural information derived from x-ray diffraction. Detailed NMR studies have provided a clearer picture of the ionization state of the residues participating in enzyme-catalyzed processes than other more classical techniques. The dynamics of enzymic catalysis can be observed at sub-zero temperatures by a combination of cryoenzymology and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. With these powerful techniques, transient, covalently bound intermediates in enzyme-catalyzed reactions can be detected and their structures rigorously assigned.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mackenzie, N E -- Malthouse, J P -- Scott, A I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):883-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6433481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Carbon Isotopes ; Carboxypeptidases/metabolism ; Carboxypeptidases A ; Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Coenzymes/*metabolism ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; Freezing ; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Papain/metabolism ; Pepsin A/metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors ; Pterins/metabolism ; Pyridoxal Phosphate/metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maugh, T H 2nd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 9;223(4640):1051-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6695193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Air Pollutants ; *Atmosphere ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane ; Free Radicals ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; *Ozone ; Photochemistry ; Risk ; Singlet Oxygen ; Trichloroethanes ; Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 1984-10-19
    Description: Pyrolysis mass spectrometry in combination with computerized multivariate statistical analysis enables qualitative and quantitative analysis of nonvolatile organic materials containing molecular assemblies of a complexity and size far beyond the capabilities of direct mass spectrometry. The state of the art in pyrolysis mass spectrometry techniques is illustrated through specific applications, including structural determination and quality control of synthetic polymers, quantitative analysis of polymer mixtures, classification and structural characterization of fossil organic matter, and nonsupervised numerical extraction of component patterns from complex biological samples.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meuzelaar, H L -- Windig, W -- Harper, A M -- Huff, S M -- McClennen, W H -- Richards, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 19;226(4672):268-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6484572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemical Phenomena ; Biochemistry ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Coal ; Enterobacteriaceae/analysis/isolation & purification ; Hot Temperature ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Polymers
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: The splicing of messenger RNA precursors in vitro proceeds through an intermediate that has the 5' end of the intervening sequence joined to a site near the 3' splice site. This lariat structure, which has been characterized for an adenovirus 2 major late transcript, has a branch point, with 2'-5' and 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds emanating from a single adenosine residue. The excised intervening sequence retains the branch site and terminates in a guanosine residue with a 3' hydroxyl group. The phosphate group at the splice junction between the two exons originates from the 3' splice site at the precursor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Padgett, R A -- Konarska, M M -- Grabowski, P J -- Hardy, S F -- Sharp, P A -- P01-CA14051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA26717/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM32467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):898-903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6206566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/analysis/*metabolism ; Oligoribonucleotides/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; RNA/analysis/*metabolism ; RNA Precursors ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/*metabolism ; RNA, Viral/analysis/*metabolism
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-05-11
    Description: The mechanism of lipid peroxidation and the manner in which antioxidants function is reviewed. beta-Carotene is a purported anticancer agent, which is believed by some to have antioxidant action of a radical-trapping type. However, definitive experimental support for such action has been lacking. New experiments in vitro show that beta-carotene belongs to a previously unknown class of biological antioxidants. Specifically, it exhibits good radical-trapping antioxidant behavior only at partial pressures of oxygen significantly less than 150 torr, the pressure of oxygen in normal air. Such low oxygen partial pressures are found in most tissues under physiological conditions. At higher oxygen pressures, beta-carotene loses its antioxidant activity and shows an autocatalytic, prooxidant effect, particularly at relatively high concentrations. Similar oxygen-pressure-dependent behavior may be shown by other compounds containing many conjugated double bonds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burton, G W -- Ingold, K U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 11;224(4649):569-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6710156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antioxidants/*metabolism ; Carotenoids/*metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Linoleic Acids/metabolism ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Partial Pressure ; Peroxides/metabolism ; Tetrahydronaphthalenes/metabolism ; beta Carotene
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 1983-12-16
    Description: Aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin, which are isolated from the seaweed, Lyngbya gracilis, differ in their chemical structure only by the presence or absence of a bromine residue in the hydrophilic region. The function and the structure-activity relation of the hydrophilic region are not known. Aplysiatoxin increased malignant transformation, stimulated DNA synthesis, and inhibited the binding of phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and epidermal growth factor to cell receptors. Debromoaplysiatoxin inhibited the binding of these two substances as strongly as aplysiatoxin but did not increase malignant transformation or stimulate DNA synthesis. These results indicate that a slight change in the chemical structure of the hydrophilic region of aplysiatoxin affects its abilities to increase cell transformation and stimulate DNA synthesis and that the abilities of the tumor promoters to inhibit the binding of phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and epidermal growth factor are dissociable from their abilities to increase cell transformation and stimulate DNA synthesis under some circumstances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimomura, K -- Mullinix, M G -- Kakunaga, T -- Fujiki, H -- Sugimura, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 16;222(4629):1242-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6316505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Carcinogens/*pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Lactones/analysis/*pharmacology ; *Lyngbya Toxins ; Mice ; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate ; Phorbol Esters/metabolism ; *Protein Kinase C ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; *Receptors, Drug ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-03-16
    Description: Yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA was subjected to a 12-picosecond molecular dynamics simulation. The principal features of the x-ray crystallographic analysis are reproduced, and the amplitudes of atomic displacements appear to be determined by the degree of exposure of the atoms. An analysis of the hydrogen bonds shows a correlation between the average length of a bond and the fluctuation in that length and reveals a rocking motion of bases in Watson-Crick guanine X cytosine base pairs. The in-plane motions of the bases are generally of larger amplitude than the out-of-plane motions, and there are correlations in the motions of adjacent bases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvey, S C -- Prabhakaran, M -- Mao, B -- McCammon, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 16;223(4641):1189-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6560785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Computers ; Cytosine ; Guanine ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *RNA, Fungal ; *RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl ; Yeasts/analysis
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: Sequence-dependent variations in DNA revealed by x-ray crystallographic studies have suggested that certain DNA-reactive drugs may react preferentially with defined sequences in DNA. Drugs that wind around the helix and reside within one of the grooves of DNA have perhaps the greatest chance of recognizing sequence-dependent features of DNA. The antitumor antibiotic CC-1065 covalently binds through N-3 of adenine and resides within the minor groove of DNA. This drug overlaps with five base pairs for which a high sequence specificity exists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurley, L H -- Reynolds, V L -- Swenson, D H -- Petzold, G L -- Scahill, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):843-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6494915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/*metabolism ; *Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/*metabolism ; *Indoles ; Leucomycins/*metabolism ; Molecular Conformation ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 1984-06-15
    Description: A new class of synthetic antifungal agents, the allylamines , has been developed by modification of naftifine , a topical antimycotic. SF 86-327, the most effective of these compounds so far, is highly active in vitro against a wide range of fungi and exceeds clinical standards in the oral and topical treatment of guinea pig dermatophytoses. SF 86-327 is a powerful specific inhibitor of fungal squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in sterol biosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petranyi, G -- Ryder, N S -- Stutz, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 15;224(4654):1239-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6547247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allylamine/analogs & derivatives/*chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Amines/*chemical synthesis ; Animals ; Antifungal Agents/*chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Dermatomycoses/drug therapy ; Fungi/*drug effects/enzymology ; Guinea Pigs ; Naphthalenes/chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Oxygenases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Squalene Monooxygenase
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 1984-11-02
    Description: By recombinant DNA techniques, a disulfide bond was introduced at a specific site in T4 lysozyme, a disulfide-free enzyme. This derivative retained full enzymatic activity and was more stable toward thermal inactivation than the wild-type protein. The derivative, T4 lysozyme (Ile3----Cys), was prepared by substituting a Cys codon for an Ile codon at position 3 in the cloned lysozyme gene by means of oligonucleotide-dependent, site-directed mutagenesis. The new gene was expressed in Escherichia coli under control of the (trp-lac) hybrid tac promoter, and the protein was purified. Mild oxidation generated a disulfide bond between the new Cys3 and Cys97, one of the two unpaired cysteines of the native molecule. Oxidized T4 lysozyme (Ile3----Cys) exhibited specific activity identical to that of the wild-type enzyme when measured at 20 degrees C in a cell-clearing assay. The cross-linked protein was more stable than the wild type during incubation at elevated temperatures as determined by recovered enzymatic activity at 20 degrees C.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perry, L J -- Wetzel, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 2;226(4674):555-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6387910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; *Genetic Engineering ; Kinetics ; Muramidase/*genetics/metabolism ; Protein Denaturation
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: The structures of three proteins that regulate gene expression have been determined recently and suggest how these proteins may bind to their specific recognition sites on the DNA. One protein (Cro) is a repressor of gene expression, the second (CAP) usually stimulates gene expression, and the third (lambda repressor) can act as either a repressor or an activator. The three proteins contain a substructure consisting of two consecutive alpha helices that is virtually identical in each case. Structural and amino acid sequence comparisons suggest that this bihelical fold occurs in a number of proteins that regulate gene expression, and is an intrinsic part of the DNA-protein recognition event. The modes of repression and activation by Cro and lambda repressor are understood reasonably well, but the mode of action of CAP is still unclear.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeda, Y -- Ohlendorf, D H -- Anderson, W F -- Matthews, B W -- GM20066/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM28138/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM30894/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1020-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6308768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *DNA Helicases ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Models, Chemical ; Protein Conformation
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-06-08
    Description: The effect of a partial pressure of nitrogen of 50 atmospheres (5065 kilopascals ) on the hydrogen evolution reaction of nitrogenase has been investigated. Evolution of hydrogen was not blocked completely by 50 atmospheres of nitrogen in any of four experiments; rather, 27.3 +/- 2.4 percent of the total electron flux through nitrogenase was directed toward production of hydrogen. The ratio of hydrogen evolved to nitrogen fixed was close to 1:1, which implies that hydrogen evolution is obligatory in the fixation of molecular nitrogen by nitrogenase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simpson, F B -- Burris, R H -- AI-00848/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 8;224(4653):1095-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6585956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Hydrogen ; *Nitrogen ; Nitrogen Fixation ; *Nitrogenase ; Partial Pressure
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  • 23
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: The history of U.S. foreign aid support of science and technology in Latin America is examined and an attempt is made to evaluate the scientific and economic growth of that area in relation to the total foreign aid effort.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szmant, H H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1173-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Education ; History, 20th Century ; International Educational Exchange ; Latin America ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Science/history ; United States
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: In concentrates of water produced in a laboratory simulation of a drinking water treatment process, direct-acting, nonvolatile mutagens were readily detected by means of the Ames Salmonella test. The mutagens were shown to be produced by the chlorination process. Treatment of the water with chloramine resulted in less mutagenic activity than treatment with free chlorine. Dechlorination of drinking water with sulfite sharply reduced the mutagenic activity. Treatment with sulfur dioxide is proposed as an effective, inexpensive method of reducing the direct-acting mutagenic activity of drinking water and of aqueous industrial effluents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheh, A M -- Skochdopole, J -- Koski, P -- Cole, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):90-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6985746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chloramines ; Chlorine ; Mutagens/*analysis ; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics ; Sulfites ; Water Pollutants/*analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis ; Water Supply/*analysis
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 1981-10-16
    Description: The DNA/RNA Synthesizer provides a complete and automated procedure for the synthesis of DNA sequences. Each base unit is added in a 30-minute cycle, permitting a tetradecamer to be constructed in 6 1/2 hours. The complete procedure is described, including a practical procedure for isolation and purification of the desired DNA sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alvarado-Urbina, G -- Sathe, G M -- Liu, W C -- Gillen, M F -- Duck, P D -- Bender, R -- Ogilvie, K K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 16;214(4518):270-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6169150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Automation ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/*chemical synthesis ; *Genes, Synthetic ; RNA/*chemical synthesis ; Solubility
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  • 26
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: Research on chitin as a marine resource is pointing to novel applications for this cellulose-like biopolymer. Discovery of nondegrading solvent systems has permitted the spinning of filaments, for example, for use as surgical sutures. New methods for preparing the bioactive alkyl glycoside of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (the monomer unit of chitin) and a microcrystalline chitin has encouraged their use as promoters for growth of bifidobacteria and as an aid in digestion of high-lactose cheese whey by domestic animals. Chitin-protein complexes of several crustacean species show great variability in ratios of chitin to covalently bound protein and in residual protein in the "purified" chitins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Austin, P R -- Brine, C J -- Castle, J E -- Zikakis, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):749-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Feed ; Animals ; Cheese ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chickens ; *Chitin ; Crystallography ; Lactose/metabolism ; Proteins/analysis ; Sutures ; *Technology
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  • 27
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1305-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/*genetics ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; *Genes ; Hydrazines ; Lac Operon ; Methylation ; Prokaryotic Cells/physiology ; Sulfuric Acid Esters
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 1982-07-09
    Description: A new process has been developed which is called "Boradeption" to signify boronic acid--dependent phase transfer of water-insoluble agents. Highly fluorescent boronic acid dervatives, FluoroBoras, are solubilized with a physiologically compatible carrier buffer containing a receptor group for boronate adduct formation. The system can be used to stain living cells. In another variation of the Boradeption concept, an insoluble reporter molecule containing a boronate receptor is solubilized with a carrier buffer containing a boronic acid functional group. The boronate-receptor complexes, which are in dynamic equilibrium, can be designed as vital stains and reagents for a variety of biological and medical applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallop, P M -- Paz, M A -- Henson, E -- AG-00376-07/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HL-20764-04A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 9;217(4555):166-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6178158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Transport ; *Boron Compounds/therapeutic use ; *Boronic Acids/therapeutic use ; *Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chromogenic Compounds/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Fibroblasts ; Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism ; Humans ; Rats ; Staining and Labeling
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  • 29
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-12-11
    Description: The scrapie agent causes a degenerative nervous system disease in sheep and goats. Studies with extensively purified preparations demonstrated that the agent contains a protein that is required for infectivity. Chemical modification of the scrapie agent by diethyl pyrocarbonate reduced the titer 1000-fold. Exposure of the inactivated agent to hydroxylamine, a strong nucleophile, resulted in complete restoration of infectivity. Presumably, nucleophilic residues within a scrapie agent protein undergo carbethoxylation on reaction with diethyl pyrocarbonate, and subsequent addition of hydroxylamine displaces these carbethoxy groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKinley, M P -- Masiarz, F R -- Prusiner, S B -- NS14069/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 11;214(4526):1259-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6795721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; Brain/microbiology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cricetinae ; Diethyl Pyrocarbonate/pharmacology ; Histidine/pharmacology ; *Prions ; Ribonucleases/pharmacology ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/pharmacology ; Viral Proteins/*isolation & purification/pharmacology
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  • 30
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: The incubation of lens proteins with reducing sugars leads to the formation of fluorescent yellow pigments and cross-like similar to those reported in aging and cataractous human lenses. Called nonenzymatic browning or the Maillard reaction, this aging process also occurs in stored foods. Reducing sugars condense with the free amino group of proteins, then rearrange and dehydrate to form unsaturated pigments and cross-linked products. Although most proteins in living systems turn over with sufficient rapidity to avoid nonenzymatic browning, some, such as lens crystallins and skin collagen, are exceptionally long-lived and may be vulnerable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monnier, V M -- Cerami, A -- AM 19655/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):491-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6779377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cattle ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Crystallins ; Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology ; Glucose ; Glucosephosphates ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lysine ; *Proteins ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: Great advances have been made in fundamental scientific research in recent years. The new knowledge gathered, in addition to deepening our understanding of the physical universe, contributes a range of abilities and opportunities to society that would not otherwise be available. Much research that may be called applied because it addresses needs of society is quite fundamental in character, and support of such research at the National Science Foundation is to be handled in tandem by the research directorates. Other areas that require a refocusing of support are engineering science and education, at all levels, in science and engineering. Increasing our strength in these areas is essential to achieve our national economic, social, and political goals. Steps are being taken by the National Science Foundation to make its structure better able to deal with engineering and applied research and to provide greater mutual reinforcement between applied and basic research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slaughter, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1131-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Biology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Forecasting ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; *Government Agencies ; Molecular Biology ; Neurochemistry ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: The discovery that cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) has clinically useful antitumor properties and can form platinum blues spawned an extensive investigation of its chemistry in water. Several new molecules have been synthesized, some rather old ones have been characterized for the first time, and clues have begun to emerge about the chemical interaction of cis-DDP with its likely biological target, DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lippard, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1075-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6890712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Cisplatin ; *Dna ; Hydrolysis ; Pigments, Biological
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  • 33
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-12-03
    Description: The visual response is initiated by light reception and transduction into chemical and electrical energy in the outer-segment membranes of rod and cone cells. Recent research on the molecular events controlled by light has clarified the roles of some of the rod outer-segment biomolecules. These developments and the current unresolved questions are described.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, D F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 3;218(4576):961-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6291153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Proteins/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzymes/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Light ; Membranes/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/biosynthesis ; Photoreceptor Cells/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/metabolism ; Rod Cell Outer Segment/*metabolism ; Vision, Ocular/*physiology
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  • 34
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krenitsky, T A -- Beauchamp, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyclovir/metabolism ; *Antiviral Agents/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Humans ; Vidarabine/metabolism
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Resonance Raman spectra of photolyzed carbonmonoxyhemoglobin obtained with 10-nanosecond pulses are compared with the spectra of photolyzed carbonmonoxyhemoglobin stabilized at 80 K. In comparing the deoxy with the photodissociated species, the changes in the Raman spectra are the same for these two experimental regimes. These results show that at ambient and cryogenic temperatures the heme pocket in liganded hemoglobin is significantly different from that of deoxyhemoglobin. It is concluded that measurements of the properties of intermediate species from photodissociated hemoglobin stabilized at low temperatures can be used to probe the short-lived metastable forms of hemoglobin present after photodissociation under biologically relevant solution conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ondrias, M R -- Friedman, J M -- Rousseau, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):615-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carboxyhemoglobin ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Freezing ; *Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Ligands ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Temperature
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Alkylating agents that display strong selectivity for opiate receptor types delta or mu were prepared by appropriate modification of the structures of the strong analgesics fentanyl, etonitazene, and endoethenotetrahydrooripavine. The availability of these substances should facilitate studies of the structural basis of receptor specificity and of the physiologic roles of these receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, K C -- Jacobson, A E -- Burke, T R Jr -- Bajwa, B S -- Streaty, R A -- Klee, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):314-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6132444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkylation ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Brain/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Enkephalin, Methionine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Fentanyl/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; *Isothiocyanates ; Ligands ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism/physiology ; Thebaine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: Glucose reacts nonenzymatically with the NH2-terminal amino acid of the beta chain of human hemoglobin by way of a ketoamine linkage, resulting in the formation of hemoglobin AIc. Other minor components appear to be adducts of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-diphosphate. These hemoglobins are formed slowly and continuously throughout the 120-day life-span of the red cell. There is a two- to threefold increase in hemoglobin AIc in the red cells of patients with diabetes mellitus. By providing an integrated measurement of blood glucose, hemoglobin AIc is useful in assessing the degree of diabetic control. Furthermore, this hemoglobin is a useful model of nonenzymatic glycosylation of other proteins that may be involved in the long-term complications of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bunn, H F -- Gabbay, K H -- Gallop, P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):21-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus/*blood/diagnosis ; Diphosphoglyceric Acids/blood ; Glycosides/blood ; Glycosuria/etiology ; Hemoglobin A/*metabolism ; Hemoglobins/*analysis/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Oxygen/blood ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 1979-06-08
    Description: It has been proposed that nitrilotriacetic acid be substituted for trisodium polyphosphates in detergents as a way to reduce the rate of eutrophication in the Great Lake Basin. The reaction of nitrilotriacetic acid with chlorine-containing solutions produces a hitherto unknown degradation production, N-formyliminodiacetic acid, in high yield. The toxicological and environmental implications of this reaction are unclear.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spanggord, R J -- Tyson, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 8;204(4397):1081-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acetates ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Chlorine ; Dicarboxylic Acids ; Environmental Pollutants ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Imino Acids ; Mutagens ; *Nitrilotriacetic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferris, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 16;203(4385):1135-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/218287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Hydrogen Cyanide ; *Peptides
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 1980-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bumb, R R -- Crummett, W B -- Cutie, S S -- Gledhill, J R -- Hummel, R H -- Kagel, R O -- Lamparski, L L -- Luoma, E V -- Miller, D L -- Nestrick, T J -- Shadoff, L A -- Stehl, R H -- Woods, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct;210(4468):385-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6159682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/analysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; *Dioxins/analysis ; *Fires ; Power Plants ; Smoke/analysis ; Soil Pollutants/analysis ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/analysis ; Vehicle Emissions/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: Polypeptide analogs of the known members of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family were synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo for enhanced potency or competitive antagonism. Predictive methods and physicochemical measurements had suggested an internal secondary alpha-helical conformation spanning about 25 residues for at least three members of the CRF family. Maximization of alpha-helix-forming potential by amino acid substitutions from the native known sequences (rat/human and ovine CRF, sauvagine, and carp and sucker urotensin 1) led to the synthesis of an analog that was found to be more than twice as potent as either of the parent peptides in vitro. In contrast, certain amino-terminally shortened fragments, such as alpha-helical CRF or ovine CRF residues 8 to 41, 9 to 41, and 10 to 41, were found to be competitive inhibitors in vitro. Selected antagonists were examined and also found to be active in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rivier, J -- Rivier, C -- Vale, W -- AA03504/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AM20917/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):889-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6326264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/secretion ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Journal of molecular evolution 15 (1980), S. 79-101 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Molecules ; Interstellar ; Chemistry ; Isotopes ; Solar system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The study of interstellar molecules broadly includes two areas of interest. One area uses the unique ability of molecules to act as probes of the physical conditions in the cold, dense, visually opaque component of the interstellar medium. The physical properties of this and other components of the interstellar medium are summarized. The other area deals with the chemistry of interstellar molecules, recent aspects of which are emphasized in this review. Gas-phase chemistry, shock chemistry, and grain surface chemistry are discussed in the context of recent observations. No present observations suggest that surface reactions are relevant, but neither can they be ruled out. Ion-molecule reactions are clearly operative, at least for the simpler species. Chemical isotope fractionation is reviewed, andd it is concluded that the complexities of the chemistry allow no cosmological conclusions to be drawn from observations of deuterium in interstellar molecules, while the presence of13C in interstellar molecules permits an estimate of the12C/13C ratio which is consistent with the current concepts of the nucleosynthesis history of the Galaxy. Possible connections between interstellar molecules and the early molecular history of the solar system are discussed.
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  • 43
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    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 39-44 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dental cementum ; Collagen ; Protein ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) peptides were prepared of the insoluble collagen of bovine dental cementum. Following chromatographic separation, the peptides were identified by their amino-acid composition. Type I collagen ([α1(I)]2α2) accounted for more than 90% of the organic matrix, while Type III collagen ([α1(III)]3) was present at a level of approximately 5%. Amino-acid analyses revealed that the CNBr peptides from α1(I) and α2 chains of cementum closely resembled the corresponding peptides from calf skin. The only systematic difference was a higher level of hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues of the cementum peptides.
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  • 44
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    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 87-94 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium ; Osteoporosis ; Lactation ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The calcium homeostatic mechanism was challenged in adult female rats by feeding them a calcium-deficient diet containing oxalate, and by subjecting them to pregnancy and lactation. The regimen caused a substantial weight loss, especially in those animals which reared their young well. Severe hypocalcaemia was observed in the lactating rats. Serum-P was slightly elevated. The content of hydroxyproline in serum was considerably elevated, reflecting the degree of calcium deprivation. Serum proteins were least influenced. The calcium depriving regimen reduced the growth of long bones, but did not stop it. The ash content of the bones was considerably reduced, the degree of reduction depended on the degree of calcium deprivation. Ash as percentage of total bone organ was reduced, but not to the same extent as total ash. Analyses of different parts of femur showed that the proximal and distal parts had lost more bone mineral than the diaphyseal shaft. The ash content of cortical bone tissue from the femur was estimated by a volumetric method. No differences were observed between test groups and controls, indicating that no measurable amounts of bone mineral had been removed from the walls of the vascular canals or by osteocytic osteolysis. Planimetric determinations on cross sections from femora disclosed that a great amount of bone had been removed from the endosteal surface of the diaphysis, while the periosteal surface demonstrated reduced bone apposition.
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  • 45
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    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 128-151 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Galactic cosmic rays ; Solar proton events ; Particle precipitation ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An assessment is made of the relative contribution of certain classes of energetic particle precipitation to the chemical composition of the middle atmosphere with emphasis placed on the production of odd nitrogen and odd hydrogen species and their subsequent role in the catalytic removal of ozone. Galactic cosmic radiation is an important source of odd nitrogen in the lower stratosphere but since the peak energy deposition occurs below the region where catalytic removal of O3 is most effective, it is questionable whether this mechanism is important in the overall terrestrial ozone budget. The precipitation of energetic solar protons can periodically produce dramatic enhancement in upper stratospheric NO. The long residence time of NO in this region of the atmosphere, where catalytic interaction with O3 is also most effective, mandates that this mechanism be included in future modelling of the global distribution of O3. Throughout the mesosphere the precipitation of energetic electrons from the outer radiation belt (60°≲Λ≲70°) can sporadically act as a major local source of odd hydrogen and odd nitrogen leading to observable O3 depletion. Future satellite studies should be directed at simultaneously measuring the precipitation flux and the concomitant atmosphere modification, and these results should be employed to develop more sophisticated models of this important coupling.
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  • 46
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    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 13-17 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dental calculus ; Glycopeptide ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the isolation and purification of a sulphated glycopeptide from human supragingival calculus. The compound was isolated after using EDTA treatment, 2 M CaCl2 extraction, proteolytic digestion, ethanol precipitation, and finally purified by DEAE cellulose chromatography. It migrated as a single component on cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and chemical and infrared spectral analysis showed the presence of covalently attached sulphate groups. The sulphated glycopeptide was distinguished from being a sulphated glycosaminoglycan.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bacterial amphophile ; Purification ; Chemistry ; Resorption ; Ca influx ; Cyclic AMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The bone resorptive factor and amphipathic antigen (AcA) previously identified by us in preparations fromActinomyces viscosus have been partially purified, characterized chemically, and compared. They elute at the same location on chromatography with Ac 22. The fatty acid composition of AcA and the bone resorptive factor is the same. Some differences in carbohydrate composition are observed. TheActinomyces factor does not affect calcium influx or cyclic AMP in isolated bone cells. Therefore it is concluded that AcA stimulates resorption either by gaining entrance into bone cells or by way of a yet undetermined second messenger.
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  • 48
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 35-35 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 49
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress Intensity Factors in the Neighbourhood of a Circular Hole and their Influence on Crack Behavior.A photoelastic method was developed to determine the stress intensity factors KI and KII for cracks subjected to mixed-mode loading. The constants in the near field expansion about the crack tip were computed using a non-linear optimization program to give a best fit to the observed isochromatics. Copying the latter onto an equal density film increased their sharpness and, thus, the accuracy of the determination. The method was applied to cracks lying perpendicular to the external stress near a circular hole in a plate under uniaxial tension and the results used to describe the paths of cracks in the neighbourhood of a hole.
    Notes: Es wurden Modellexperimente durchgeführt, um den Einfluß von Inhomogenitäten - wie etwa Poren oder Einschlüsse - auf das Bruchverhalten unter statischer Belastung zu untersuchen. Änderungen der Ausbreitungsrichtung eines Risses, verursacht durch die Wechselwirkung mit einem Kreisloch in einer einachsig belasteten Platte, wurden gemessen. Zum Verständnis der beobachteten Abweichungen wurden die Spannungsfaktoren KI und KII eines Risses in der Nähe eines Kreisloches in einer Platte spannungsoptisch bestimmt. Hierzu wurden die Isochromaten um eine Rißspitze durch Verwendung eines Äquidensitenfilmes photographisch verschärft und die erhaltenen Linien durch ein nicht-lineares Optimierungsprogramm an die Nahfeld-Lösung der Spannungsverteilung um eine Rißspitze angepaßt.
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experience with Water Heaters of Stainless Steel.Different stainless steels and their importance in the construction of domestic water heaters. Types of corrosion and their importance in water heating practice. Important aspects for manufacture. Experience gained with stainless steel water heaters.
    Notes: Die verschiedenen nichrtrostenden Stähle und ihre Bedeutung für den Bau von Warmwasserbereitern. Korrosionsarten bei nichtrostenden Stählen und ihre Bedeutung im Zusammenhang mit der Warmwasserbereitung. Wichtige Gesichtspunkte für die Fertigung. Bisherige praktische Erfahrungen mit Warmwasserbereitern aus nichtrostendem Stahl.
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  • 52
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 70-72 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 53
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 54
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 95-108 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Concerning Investigation of Internal Electrodeposition Stress and Residual Internal Stress in Electrodeposited Nickel Coatings by Spiral Contractometer and “Strip Dilatometer” Methods.For assessing the affect of material and plating conditions on internal stress in electrodeposited coatings and its influence on material strength of plated parts it is better knowing internal stress in thin, just deposited layers (while plating process continuous) and also the course of internal stress in the coating (after plating has been finished) instead of investigating an average stress in the coating. In order to get this more substantial information on internal stresses in electrodeposited coatings a deposition model - gradual composition of the coating - and stress calculation methods were developed for Spiral Contractometer and “Strip Dilatometer”. Both methods were applied on measurements in a Watts-Nickel electrolyte.
    Notes: Für die Beurteilung werkstoff- und abscheidungsbedingter Eigenspannungszustände in galvanischen Schichten und ihres Einflusses auf Festigkeitseigenschaften beschichteter Bauteile ist es vorteilhaft, statt der mittleren Schichteigenspannungen erstens kontinuierlich über dem Schichtwachstum die Eigenspannungen dünner Schichtinkremente zu ermitteln und zweitens den Verlauf der - nach beendeter Abscheidung - tatsächlich über der Schichtdicke wirkenden Eigenspannungen zu bestimmen. Um diese differenzierte Aussage über Eigenspannungen in galvanischen Schichten zu erhalten, wurden anhand eines Abscheidungsmodells - schrittweiser Aufbau der Schicht - Rechenverfahren für Messungen mit dem Spiralkontraktometer und dem Streifendehnungsmeßgerät entwickelt und an Nickelschichten aus dem Watts-Bad praktisch erprobt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 57
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 52-54 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experimental Investigation of the Statistical Size-Effect in Fatigue Tests with Unnotched Specimens.In constant-load-fatigue-tests with unnotched specimens of different lengths, the statistical effect of specimen's size in probability of lifetime to fracture was determined.
    Notes: Im einstufigen Dauerschwingversuch an ungekerbten Proben mit unterschiedlichen Meßlängen konnte der statistische Einfluß der Probengröße auf deren Bruchwahrscheinlichkeit experimentell nachgewiesen werden.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 58-66 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Manufacture and Properties of Electrolytic Copper Powder.The scope of this paper is a survey of manufacturing of electrolytic copper powders at Norddeutsche Affinerie, Hamburg. A general description of the process is followed by:1. Possibilities of controlled adjustment of electrolytic deposition process.2. Typical data of the as-deposited copper powders.3. Processing to powders exhibiting properties well suited for industrial applications, especially for carbon brushes, friction materials and sintered parts.
    Notes: Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über die Herstellung von Elektrolyt-Kupferpulvern dei der Norddeutschen Affinerie, Hamburg. Im Anschluß an eine allgemeine Verfahrensbeschreibung werden behandelt:1. Möglichkeiten zur gezielten Steuerung des elektrolytischen Abscheideprozesses.2. Kennwerte der primär abgeschiedenen Kupferpulver.3. Aufarbeitung zu Pulvern, die für industrielle Anwendungen-insbesondere Kohlebürsten, Reibwerkstoffe und Sinterteile - geeignete Kennwerte aufweisen.
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 60
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 153-156 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Quantitative holographic testing of fibre reinforced plastic components of spacecrafts.The quantitative evaluation of holographic interferograms lead to an exact determination of displacements and deformations of arbitrary shaped objects. The measurements can be carried out in the range of about 0 to 100 μm with an accuracy of ± 0,05 μm. The application of this method is reported for the case of spacecraft components under thermal and mechanical load.
    Notes: Die quantitative Auswertung holographischer Interferogramme erlaubt eine exakte Bestimmung von Verschiebungen und Verformungen an beliebig geformten Objekten. Die Messungen im Bereich von ca. 0 bis 100 μm können dabei mit einer Genauigkeit von ± 0,05 μm durchgeführt werden. Es wird über die Anwendung dieses Verfahrens auf einige Bauteile aus der Raumfahrttechnik berichtet, die einer thermischen bzw. mechanischen Last ausgesetzt wurden.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 176-179 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 206-209 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 181-187 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Clad plates for construction of apparatus.Importance of clad plates on the field of the construction of apparatus for the chemistry and patrol chemistry. Description of a cladding process to bond permanently and integrally ferritic steels and corrosion resistant and heat resistant materials by rolling. Information on available combinations of materials and gauge as well as on indispensable requirements to be met by the quality of the material.Results of tests carried out on the bond. Distribution of the elements between the clad and the base material. Bond properties, corrosion behaviour, toughness values and tensile properties of clad plates, heat treatment, cutting and welding of clad plates. Demonstration of applications.
    Notes: Bedeutung plattierter Grobbleche im Apparatebau für die chemische und petrochemische Industrie. Beschreibung des Verfahrens, mit dem ferritische Stähle und korrosions- bzw. hitzebeständige Werkstoffe sich durch Walzplattieren dauerhaft verbinden lassen. Hinweise auf lieferbare Werkstoffkombinationen und Abmessungen sowie auf notwendige Qualitätsanforderungen.Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen der Verbindungsschicht. Verteilung der Elemente zwischen Auflage- und Grundwerkstoff. Haftfestigkeit, Korrosionsverhalten, Zähigkeits- und Festigkeitseigenschaften des Schichtsystems, Wärmebehandlung, Schneiden und Schweißen plattierter Grobbleche. Anwendungsbeispiele.
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Engineering Plating - A Chance for the Engineer in Future.Electroplating as well as chemical plating will become a more and more applicated procedure to produce special properties of the surface of technical components. Therefore the engineer and the plater have to discuss their problems to find out the best way of protection against the various possible kinds of stressing and to state the necessary rules of construction, materials selection, pretreatment, plating and the following finishing operations. Test methods are to standardize and the properties of the composite substrate/metal layer are to describe and to limit.
    Notes: Die Galvanotechnik hat die Chance, als anerkanntes Fertigungsverfahren verstärkten Eingang in die industrielle Anwendung zu finden, wenn es gelingt, den Ingenieur von ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit zu überzeugen. Dazu gehören die Beschreibung der Eigenschaften von Überzug und galvanisiertem Bauteil, die Standardisierung von Prüfverfahren zur Ermittlung dieser Eigenschaften und die Spezifizierung der Galvanisierverfahren einschließlich der notwendigen Vorbehandlung und der eventuell zu empfehlenden Nachbehandlung zum Zwecke einer Gütesicherung. Eine Ausweitung der Anwendungsgebiete der Galvanotechnik gewinnt mit dem Wachsen der Probleme im Bereich der Werkstoffgewinnung und -erhaltung wie auch durch die Verschärfung der wirtschaftlichen Lage zunehmend an Bedeutung.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 17-29 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New Test Methods of Ceramic Materials.The conventional tests of ceramic materials produce strength data which depend on specimen size and testing procedures. That is because of the particular brittle defect structure of these materials. To get material constants one may use statistic relations and data based on fracture mechanics test methods or on energy concept. In this paper the different methods obtaining strength data characterizing the brittle structure are represented with a critical examination of its validity. The trend in the special field is emphasized.
    Notes: Neben einer reproduzierbaren Herstellung des Gefügeaufbaus ist für den Einsatz keramischer Werkstoffe die materialspezifische Beschreibung des Festigkeitsverhaltens von entscheidender Bedeutung. Mit konventionellen Festigkeitsbetrachtungen, die über einen Nennspannungsnachweis laufen, lassen sich wegen der makroskopisch spröden Defektstruktur nur vergleichende Betrachtungen anstellen. Neben einer werkstoffspezifischen Kennzeichnung sollten insbesondere solche Festigkeitsprüfverfahren angewendet werden, welche die Übertragung der im Laborversuch ermittelten Meßdaten auf ein Konstruktionsteil gestatten. Dies läßt sich grundsätzlich über statistische, bruchmechanische oder energetische Betrachtungen bzw. deren gegenseitige Verknüpfung erreichen. Die verschiedenen Methoden werden vorgestellt und einer kritischen Prüfung unterzogen. Die Entwicklungstendenzen auf diesem Gebiet werden aufgezeigt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 180-180 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 210-214 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 77
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 361-367 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Use of Titanium Castings to Produce a Complex Shaped Intermediate Casing of RB 199.This paper describes the present position on a highly stressed casing and its functions in the RB 199-34 R engine. When the parts of the casing are made from solid forged titanium billets, up to 93% of the material used is machined away. For this reason, the most complicated parts of the casing were procured as castings and welded together by TIG welding. The paper describes the present quality standard of the titanium castings. The tests on the materials and their mechanical properties show that the castings are inferior to the forgings only with respect to their HCF behaviour and their elongation at rupture. Macroscopic flaws are not entirely inevitable but can be detected by X-ray tests. The future prospects for titanium castings are considered favourable.
    Notes: Der Bericht beschreibt die Lage eines hochbeanspruchten Gehäuses und dessen Funktionen im Triebwerk RB 199-34 R. Bei der Herstellung der Einzelteile des Gehäuses aus massiv geschmiedeten Titanblöcken wird bis zu 93% des eingesetzten Materials zerspant. Die kompliziertesten Partien des Gehäuses wurden deshalb als Gußteil bezogen und mittels WIG-Schweißung verbunden. Der Bericht beschreibt den heutigen Qualitätsstand der Titangußteile. Die Ergebnisse der Werkstoff- und Festigkeitsuntersuchungen weisen nur im HCF-Verhalten und der Bruchdehnung Nachteile des Gusses gegenüber dem geschmiedeten Material aus. Makroskopische Fehler sind nicht vollständing vermeidbar, aber durch Röntgenprüfung nachzuweisen. Die künftigen Aussichten des Titangusses werden positiv beurteilt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 384-390 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Development of Hot-Forged Sintered Steels with Optimum Yield Point at Higher Temperature, Fatigue and Impact Strength.The material characteristic values of hot-forged sintered steels are reported. Besides the usual properties, (ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation at room temperature). The behaviour of materials at higher temperature is of great importance. Further, fatigue strength and impact strength must be considered. The influence of heat treatment on these properties were investigated and brought to a correlation with the formation of microstructures.The hot forging P/M preform requires a special attention on alloying elements and alloying techniques. Optimum properties results when using completely alloyed powders or mixed powders by employing special master alloys. This and further problems involving alloying techniques and particularly the behaviour of carbon as an alloying element is reported in details. The correlation between mechanical properties and fracture behaviour is discussed.
    Notes: Für die Ermittlung von Werkstoffkenndaten warmgepreßter Sinterstähle spielt neben den üblichen Eigenschaften (Zugfestigkeit, Streckgrenze und Bruchdehnung bei Raumtemperatur) das Verhalten der Werkstoffe bei erhöhten Temperaturen eine wichtige Rolle. Daneben müssen Dauerwechselfestigkeit und Schlagarbeit berücksichtigt werden. Der Einfluß von Wärmebehandlungen auf diese Eigenschaften ist untersucht und in Beziehung zur Gefügeausbildung gebracht worden.Große Bedeutung erlangt beim Warmpressen pulvermetallurgisch erzeugter Vorformen die geeignete Wahl der Legierungselemente und Legierungsträger. Optimale Eigenschaften ergaben sich bei Verwendung von fertiglegierten Pulvern oder gemischtlegierten Pulvern, wobei jedoch spezielle Vorlegierungen als Legierungsträger eingesetzt werden. Diese und weitere Fragen der Legierungsbildung, insbesondere die Rolle des Kohlenstoffs, werden ausführlich erläutert. Der Zusammenhang zwischen mechanischen Eigenschaften und Bruchverhalten wird diskutiert.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 407-414 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contribution to the application of the X-ray microprobe within production control and investigation of failures.On the basis of several selected cases the application of the X-ray microprobe within production control and investigation of failures is discussed. The influence of sulphur on nickel as well as that of vitriolic acid on cast iron is demonstrated to show examples of reciprocal actions between metals and environment. The final state of diffusion processes which occur during welding of copper and aluminium as of unsufficiently cleaned low carbon nickel is described. The effects of high temperatures are demonstrated for a X 8 CrNiNb 16 13 header exposed to long time service and of a 14 NiCr 8 pinion being heated and quenchend in a very short period of time. The influence of microchemical composition on the shape of fracture surface of stressed X 2 CrNiMoSi 19 5 3 corrosion test specimens is examined. The identity of the materials of a damaged X 10 CrNiMoTi 18 10 shaft case from a chemical pump and a piece of sintered metal found adjacent to the bearing is demonstrated.
    Notes: Anhand einiger ausgewählter Fälle wird über den Einsatz der Mikrosonde im Rahmen der Schadensforschung und der Betriebsüberwachung berichtet. Als Beispiele für den Nachweis von Wechselwirkungen zwischen Metall und Stoffen aus der Umgebung werden die Schwefelschädigung von Nickel sowie die Oleum-Schädigung von Grauguß vorgestellt. Die Untersuchung des Endzustands von beim Schweißen ablaufenden Diffusionsvorgängen wird an einer Kupfer-Aluminium-Schweißung und an einer nicht einwandfrei durchgeführten Schweißung von LC-Ni99 gezeigt. Die Auswirkungen hoher Temperaturen werden am Beispiel eines langzeitbeanspruchten X 8 CrNiNb 16 13-Heißdampfsammlers sowie eines in örtlich begrenzten Zonen kurzzeiterhitzten und abgeschreckten 14 NiCr 18-Ritzels beschrieben. An zugbeanspruchten X 2 CrNiMoSi 19 5 3-Korrosionsproben wird der Einfluß der mikrochemischen Zusammensetzung auf die Bruchausbildung untersucht, schließlich wird die Übereinstimmung zwischen den Werkstoffen einer zerstörten X 10 CrNiMoTi-Wellenschutzhülse aus einer Chemiepumpe und einem im Lagerungsbereich vorgefundenen gesinterten Metallkörper nachgewiesen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 7 (1976), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Testing of flanged joints in GRP pipelines of 200 mm nominal diameter by means of short-term and long-term stressing. Part I: Sealing behaviour. The first part of this report deals with the sealing behaviour of joints with fixed and loose flanges in GRP pipelines of 200 mm nominal diameter. Tests were made with seven different flanges from three manufacturers and four different types of sealing rings. At room temperature the spring rate of the GRP flanges amounted to between 8% and 18% of that of welded steel flanges and at a temperature of 80°C within the pipe it was 5% to 16% of that of the steel flanges. Of the sealing rings tested a bulged soft rubber ring with steel reinforcement was found to have the flattest resilience characteristic and required the least bolt force to produce a tight joint under operational conditions. Its relaxation rate was low after low bolt force had been applied and increased rapidly when the initial bolt force was increased to higher values. Because of their lower spring rates, the GRP flanges sealed with this ring required 2.5 to 3.5 times as much initial bolt force as welded steel flanges. In an 1100-hour creep test at 80°C internal temperature and 10 bar internal pressure, a joint consisting of loose steel flanges and GRP shoulders exhibited considerably less loss of initial force than a fixed GRP flanged joint. Because losses of initial force increase at a disproportionately high rate as the force is raised, high initial force would not seem to increase remarkably the reliability of the seal in the long term. Since rigid flanges require less initial force than less rigid ones, high spring rate appears desirable. Apparently it could best be achieved by loose steel flanges with GRP shoulders. The results of the strength tests will be presented in the second part of this report.
    Notes: Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit befaßt sich mit dem Dichtverhalten von GFK-Fest- und -Losflanschen NW 200 dreier Hersteller sowie von vier verschiedenen Dichtungen. Die Federrate der GFK-Flansche betrug bei Raumtemperatur 8% bis 18% und bei 80°C Innentemperatur 5% bis 16% der Federrate von Vorschweißflanschen aus Stahl. Von den untersuchten Dichtungen hatte eine ballige Weichgummidichtung mit Stahleinlage die flachste Kennlinie und benötigte die niedrigste Betriebsdichtungskraft. Ihre Relaxationsgeschwindigkeit war bei niedrigen Dichtungskräften gering und nahm bei höheren Kräften stark zu. Die GFK-Flansche erforderten wegen ihrer geringeren Federrate mit dieser Dichtung eine 2,5- bis 3,5mal höhere Vorspannkraft als Stahl-Vorschweißflansche. In einem 1100-h-Zeitstandversuch bei 80°C Innentemperatur und 10 bar Innendruck des Prüfkörpers hatte eine GFK-Losflanschverbindung mit Stahlringen wesentlich geringere Vorspannungsverluste als eine GFK-Festflanschverbindung. Wegen der mit der Dichtungskraft überproportional steigenden Vorspannungsverluste dürften hohe Vorspannkräfte die Sicherheit gegen Leckwerden auf Dauer wenig erhöhen. Da steife Flansche eine geringere Vorspannung als weniger steife benötigen, erscheint eine hohe Federrate erstrebenswert. Sie dürfte sich am ehesten bei Losflanschen aus Stahl mit GFK-Bunden erreichen lassen. Die Ergebnisse der Festigkeitsuntersuchungen werden im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit mitgeteilt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 7 (1976), S. 38-48 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Identification of X-Ray powder diffraction patterns with the mini-computer. A description is given of a programme for identifying X-ray diffraction patterns of multiphase, polycrystalline materials with the minicomputer Wang 720 C. It is determined by the identification strategy, the identification criterion and the Δd(d) function which describes the permissible variation between the measured d values and those laid down in accordance with ASTM material data cards in the magnetic tape file. In the course of these investigations the partially erroneous and often also incomplete information provided by this file in respect of relevant material data proved in particular to be the decisive factor for the limitation of the reliability of the identification result.The efficiency of the programme is demonstrated by means of characteristic examples. In conclusion, the prospects for the future development of this programme are discussed.
    Notes: Es wird ein Programm zur Identifikation von Röntgenbeugungsdiagrammen mehrphasiger, polykristalliner Stoffe mit dem Tischcomputer Wang 720 C beschrieben. Seine bestimmenden Größen sind die Identifikationsstrategie, das Identifikationskriterium und die Δd(d)-Funktion, die die zulässige Abweichung zwischen den gemessenen und den in der Magnetband-Datei nach ASTM-Stoffdatenkarten festgelegten d-Werten vorgibt. Im Verlauf dieser Untersuchungen erwiesen sich insbesondere die z. T. fehlerhaften und nicht selten auch unvollständigen Angaben dieser Kartei bei relevanten Stoffdaten als der entscheidende Faktor für die Begrenzung der Zuverlässigkeit des Identifikationsergebnisses.An charakteristischen Beispielen wird die Leistungsfähigkeit des Programms demonstriert. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick auf die Weiterentwicklung dieses Programms gegeben.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 221-225 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 246-250 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 269-280 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Failure Criteria for Polymers. Part I: Analytical Derivation.The failure criteria known from literature are represented in an uniform frame. Their physical or empirical origin is discussed.In the case of an isotropic material, a general state of stress in an orthogonal system of coordinates will cause the same constraint of material as the transformed state of principal stresses.In the case of an anisotropic material it is necessary to calculate with normal stresses and shear stresses parallel to the principal axis of anisotropy.Besides the description of a constraint of materials by stresses, there is also given the definition of a constraint of isotropic materials by strains.The experimental results of thermoplastic materials, thermosets, and glassfibre-reinforced plastics are compared in a second part with the analytically derived criteria of failure.
    Notes: Teil I: Analytische Herleitung.Die aus der Literatur bekannten Versagenskriterien werden in einem einheitlichen Rahmen dargestellt. Auf ihren physikalisch begründeten oder empirisch gewonnenen Ausgangspunkt wird eingegangen.Liegt ein isotroper Werkstoff vor, so bewirkt ein beliebiger Spannungszustand in einem rechtwinkligen Koordinatensystem dieselbe Werkstoffanstrengung wie derjenige Spannungszustand, der durch Transformation in die Hauptspannungsrichtungen entsteht. Dabei ist es gleichgültig, ob sich die Zugfestigkeit von der Druckfestigkeit unterscheidet. Dies ist bei anisotropen Werkstoffen nicht der Fall. Hier muß man stets mit den Normal- bzw. Schubspannungen parallel zu den Anisotropiehauptachsen rechnen.Neben der Beschreibung der Werkstoffanstrengung durch Spannungen wird auch auf die Definition der Anstrengung bei isotropen Werkstoffen infolge Verformungen eingegangen.In einem zweiten Teil werden experimentelle Ergebnisse an Thermoplasten, Duromeren und glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen mit den analytisch hergeleiteten Versagenskriterien verglichen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 262-268 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of the Abrasive Action of Contaminated Lubricating Oils in Narrow Cross-Section Flow Channels.An apparatus is described with which abrasive wear in narrow cross-section channels in model test-pieces, structural units and products can be studied.In the study of abrasive wear, a distinction is made between wear by contacting structural parts and erosion by suspended particles. Narrow cross-section flow channels in pumps, valves, cocks and sealing slits of all kinds are particularly subject to abrasive wear by contaminated operating liquids.Hard particles (e.g. abraded metal particles or minerals such as quartz and corundum) have a particularly severe abrasive effect.Particle size and its distribution, particle quantity and operating pressure all have considerable influence on wear. A simple quantity, which in practice yields valuable information on wear in narrow cross-section channels, is the ratio of particle diameter to channel width (d/h0). In design, a distinction has to be made between static and dynamic slits. The investigations here described were restricted to static slits of breadth between 100 and 600 μm. Particle sizes of 5, 14, 30 and 50 μm were studied at pressures of 60, 120 and 300 bar.Wear increases with increasing operating pressure and with increasing value of d/h0. Even at d/h0-values of 0,02 and contamination concentrations of 20 mg/l, measurable wear occurs. At d/h0-values of 0,5, static slits begin to block.By means of a graph of wear against d/h0, information on the susceptibility to wear of various widths of static slits over a wide range of operating conditions can be obtained. This gives important indications as to the necessary fineness of filter.
    Notes: Es wird ein Prüfstand beschrieben, mit dem abrasiver Verschleiß in engen Strömungsquerschnitten an Modellproben, Bauteilen und Erzeugnissen untersucht werden kann.Beim abrasiven Verschleiß wird zwischen Gegenkörperfurchung und Teilchenfurchung (Erosion) unterschieden. Anfällig gegen abrasiven Verschleiß durch verschmutzte Betriebsflüssigkeiten sind besonders enge Strömungsquerschnitte in Pumpen, Ventilen, Schiebern sowie Dichtspalten aller Art.Verschleißend wirken besonders harte Teilchen (z. B. metallischer Abrieb oder mineralische Stoffe wie Quarz und Korund).Von wesentlichem Einfluß auf den Verschleiß sind weiter Teilchengröße, Teilchengrößenverteilung, Teilchenmenge und Betriebsdruck. Eine einfache und in der Praxis aussagekräftige Beurteilungsgröße für den Verschleiß in engen Strömungsquerschnitten ist das Verhältnis Teilchendurchmesser zur Spaltweite (d/h0). Konstruktiv unterscheidet man zwischen statischen und dynamischen Spalten. Die Untersuchungen beschränkten sich auf statische Spaltformen mit Spaltweiten zwischen 100 und 600 μm. Untersucht wurden die Teilchengrößen 5, 14, 30 und 50 μm bei Drucken von 60, 120 und 300 bar.Der Verschleiß nimmt mit zunehmendem Betriebsdruck und zunehmendem d/h0 zu. Bereits bei Werten von d/h0 0,02 tritt bei Schmutzkonzentrationen von 20 mg/l empfindlicher Verschleiß auf. Bei d/ho-Werten 0,5 beginnen statische Spalten zu verstopfen.Mit Hilfe eines „Verschleiß-d/ho-Diagramms“ können schnell Aussagen über die Verschleißempfindlichkeit der verschiedensten Spaltweiten statischer Spalte über einen weiten Betriebsbereich und damit wichtige Hinweise auf die notwendige Filterfeinheit gewonnen werden.
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  • 91
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 7 (1976), S. 123-123 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 92
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 93
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 7 (1976), S. 123-123 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 94
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 7 (1976), S. 123-123 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 95
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 7 (1976), S. 124-124 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 97
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 367-376 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The “Wettingbalance”, a new aid for testing softsoldering fluxes.A new method for the determination of behaviour of materials related to soft solderability, evaluates the forces acting on immersed samples, which are significant for the achieved wetting quality. The influence of various factors such as condition of the samplesurface, flux and solder are sensitively registered and allow their objectiv assessment. Sofar the wettingcurves are mostly interpreted from a qualitative point of view. The presented method, taking the comparative testing of fluxes as an example, describes the quantitative evaluation of the wetting behaviour. In the beginning a summary of the physical background of the process as well as few remarks relatet to the experimental procedure are given.
    Notes: Eine neuartige Methode zur Bestimmung des Werkstoffverhaltens beim Weichlöten benutzt die bei der Benetzung an einer in das Lot eintauchenden Probe angreifenden Kräfte als Maß für die erreichte Benetzungsgüte. Die Einflüsse unterschiedlicher Oberflächenzustände, Flußmittel, Lote, können dabei besonders empfindlich erfaßt und objektiv beurteilt werden. Die erhaltenen Benetzungsdiagramme werden heute meist noch nach qualitativen Gesichtspunkten gedeutet. Das hier am Beispiel der vergleichenden Flußmittelprüfung vorgestellte Auswerteverfahren gestattet eine quantitative Bewertung des Benetzungsverhaltens. Zuvor wird eine zusammenfassende Übersicht über die dem Verfahren zugrunde liegenden physikalischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten gegeben sowie einige Bemerkungen zur Meßtechnik gemacht.
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  • 98
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 377-384 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: European Contribution towards Development of Alloying Technique for Manufacturing Sintered Structural Parts.In Europe in the last decade the consumption of iron, steel and non-ferrous metal powders for the production of filters, bearings and structural parts has trippled. This positive development has been largely influenced by the progresses made in the p/m alloying techniques. Among the most important European contributions in this scope belongs the development of the monophasic iron-copper and iron-copper-nicle-alloys. The progressing development and introduction in production of the iron-phosphor alloys is a further important contribution. An important progress is represented by the development of the diffusion-alloyed iron powders with copper, nicle and molybdenum as alloying components. Recent and specially promissing developments are carbon-, manganese- and chromium containing sintered steels in which an oxidising resistent pre-alloy is used as alloying partner which contains the alloying elements in highly concentrated form.
    Notes: Der Verbrauch an Eisen- und Metallpulvern zur Herstellung von Filtern, Gleitlagern und Formteilen hat sich in Europa im letzten Jahrzehnt verdreifacht.Für diese positive Entwicklung waren die Fortschritte in der pulvermetallurgischen Legierungstechnik mitbestimmend. Zu den wichtigsten europäischen Beiträgen auf diesem Gebiet gehören die Entwicklung der einphasigen Eisen-Kupfer- und Eisen-Kupfer-Nickellegierungen. Die Weiterentwicklung und Einführung der Eisen-Phosphor-Legierungen ist ein weiterer wichtiger Beitrag. Einen erheblichen Fortschritt stellt die Entwicklung der anlegierten Eisenpulver mit Kupfer, Nickel und Molybdän als Legierungskomponeten dar.Eine neuere und besonders erfolgversprechende Entwicklung sind Kohlenstoff, Mangan und chromlegierte Sinterstähle, bei denen als Legierungsträger eine schweroxidierbare Vorlegierung gewählt wird, die die Legierungselemente in hochkonzentrierter Form enthält.
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  • 99
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 391-396 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress-Rupture Testing under Superimposed Steam Corrosion.Extent and Morphology of Stress-Assisted Surface and Bulk Oxidation of Incoloy Alloy 800 Thin Wall Tubing.Continuing long-time stress-rupture testing under biaxial stresses and superimposed steam corrosion of Incoloy Alloy 800 thin wall tubing, the extent and morphology of stress-assisted additional surface and bulk oxidation was evaluated by quantitative metallography. This paper describes the stress-assisted additional corrosion as function of tangential stress or corresponding rupture-life, creep strain, and creep rate. The results are presented and explained on the basis of surface and bulk penetrating oxide morphology.
    Notes: In Fortführung der Zeitstanduntersuchungen bei überlagerter Heißdampf-Korrosion von dünnwandigen Rohrkapseln der Legierung Incoloy 800 (Werkstoff Nr. 1.4876) wurde das Ausmaß und die Erscheinungsform der spannungsbedingt verstärkten Oberflächen- und Gefüge-Oxidation durch eine Methode der quantitativen Metallographie einer besonderen Überprüfung unterworfen.Die Arbeit gibt die gemessene Korrosionssteigerung in Abhängigkeit von Tangentialspannung resp. Standzeit, Kriechdehnung und Kriechgeschwindigkeit wieder. Die Ergebnisse werden auf der Basis des Erscheinungsbildes der korrodierten metallischen Oberfläche und des oxidativ durchdrungenen Gefüges dargestellt und gedeutet.
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