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  • porous silicon  (61)
  • crystal structure  (60)
  • Springer  (121)
  • American Physical Society
  • Blackwell Publishers Ltd
  • 2000-2004  (121)
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Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (121)
  • American Physical Society
  • Blackwell Publishers Ltd
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and structure of tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenoxide) bis(THF) uranium(IV) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 7-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; uranium (IV) ; dichlorophenoxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reaction of UCl4 with KO-2,6-Cl2C6H3 in tetrahydrofuran results in the preparation of the title compound. The six-coordinate complex possesses pseudo-octahedral geometry about uranium, with U-O(phenoxide) bond lengths in the range 2.161(11) to 2.178(10) Å and U-O(THF) bond lengths of 2.467(10) and 2.475(11) Å. This complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n (a = 11.169(2), b = 11.588(2), c = 35.119(5) Å, β = 92.11(1)°, V = 4542.2(13) Å3, and Z = 4).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009594612946
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of hexakis(N-methylimidazole) iron(II) pyridine-2-sulfonate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 23-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: iron ; crystal structure ; synthesis ; N-methylimidazole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The compound [Fe(C4H6N2)6][C5H4NSO3]2 crystallized in the monoclinic space group, P21/n with unit cell parameters: a = 13.676(3), b = 8.345(2), c = 18.663(4) Å, β = 106.40(3)° and Z = 2. The title compound consists of a [Fe(C4H6N2)6]+2 hexacoordinated iron(II) cation and two C5H4NSO− 3 anions. In the cation the iron atom is coordinated to six N-methylimidazole imine nitrogen atoms in a distorted octahedral arrangement. The N1,N5,N1i,N5i atoms are coplanar and the iron lies in this plane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009537830693
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of [Cu2(II)(dmpa)2(p-Cl-C6H5COO)2] (Hdmpa = N,N-dimethyl-3-amino-1-propanol) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 35-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: copper(II) ; aminoalcoholato ; hydrogen bonding ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The copper complex, [Cu2(II)(dmpa)2(p-Cl-C6H5COO)2], has been prepared and its structure determined using X-ray crystallography. The dimer is a di-μ2-alkoxo complex which is a five-coordinate copper dimer with unsupported alkoxo bridges. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with a = 11.384(2), b = 14.636(5), c = 9.609(2) Å, α = 100.07(2), β = 104.33(3), γ = 72.79(2)°, V = 1471.8(7) Å3, and Z = 2. The structure is comprised of discrete binuclear clusters in which the metal atoms are bridged by two alkoxo oxygens of the dmpa− ligands. The Cu-O and Cu-N distances are in good agreement with those found for other copper(II) aminoalcoholato complexes. The Cu···Cu distance is 2.9765(6) Å. In the crystal, every two dimeric coordination molecules are combined together by the recognition through intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions between the apical water molecule and the non-coordinated O atom from the p-chlorobenzoato ligand, forminga tetramer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009542031602
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of manganese(III) hydroxyl-containing Schiff base complexes: [Mn(III)(Hvanpa)2]N3 (H2vanpa = 1−(3-hydroxysalicylaldeneamino)-3-hydroxypropane) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: manganese(III) ; Schiff base ; hydrogen bonding ; crystal structure ; Jahn-Teller distortion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The manganese complex, [Mn(III)(Hvanpa)2]N3 has been prepared and the crystal structure determined using x-ray crystallography. The mononuclear complex has a six-coordinate octahedral geometry. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 9.867(1), b = 13.316(2), c = 9.0110(1) Å, β = 107.870(1)°, V = 1126.8(2) Å3, and Z = 2. The Mn-O and Mn-N distances in the equatorial plane are in good agreement with those found for other manganese(III) Schiff base complexes. In the axial direction, the Mn-O distances of 2.274(2) Å is about 0.3 Å longer than those in the equatorial plane due to a Jahn-Teller distortion at the d4 manganese(III) center. In the crystal, each azido ion is linked through hydrogen bonding with two hydrogen atoms from the coordinate hydroxyl groups at the apical site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009594015672
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation, characterization and crystal structure of an intermolecular compound based on H3PMo12O40·nH2O and diethylamine (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: molybodophosphoric acid ; crystal structure ; diethylamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An intermolecular compound, H3PMo12O40·5(CH3CH2)2NH·H2O, between the heteropolymolybdate α-H3PMo12O40 and the organic substrate diethylamine, has been synthesized and characterized. Light yellow crystals of the title compound were crystallized from a mixed solvent of water and acetonitrile with formula H3PMo12O40·5(CH3CH2)2NH·H2O. Spectroscopic data support the presence of a sizable electronic interaction between the organic substrate and the inorganic anion in the solid state. The single crystal x-ray structure analysis of the title compound revealed that it crystallized in the triclinic system, space group P $$\overline 1$$ with a = 12.0786(13), b = 12.102(5), c = 21.416(3) Å, α = 94.87(2), β = 94.755(9), γ = 113.81(2)°, V = 2830.3(13) Å3, and Z = 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009546132511
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of K3Sb4BO13 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 53-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: boroantimonate ; borate ; antimonate ; crystal structure ; 49
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract K3Sb4BO13, Mr = 823.11 g.mol−1, crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P $$\overline 1$$ , Z = 2. The lattice parameters are a = 7.133(1) Å, b = 7.232(1) Å, c = 13.259(2) Å, α = 82.00 (1)°, β = 99.77(1)° and γ = 117.08(1)°, V = 598.7(2) Å3, Dx = 4.566 Mg m−3. The final R index and weighted Rw index are 0.0251 and 0.0623, respectively. The three-dimensional network of the title compound is constituted by layers (Sb3O9)n, similar to that of hexagonal bronze of Magneli. These layers are linked together, in the c direction, alternatively by edge-sharing pairs of SbO6 octahedra and BO3 triangles. This framework has interconnected tunnels, running approximately along the a and b directions, in which the K+ ions are located.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009598116581
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of a (25R)-2α,3α-epoxy-5α-spirostan-6, 23-dione hemi-ethyl acetate solvate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 693-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: brassinosteroids ; steroids ; natural products ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The compound (25R)-2α,3α-epoxy-5α-spirostan-6,23-dione, crystallizes as a hemi-ethyl acetate solvate, having two host molecules of similar conformation per molecule of ethyl acetate, in the asymmetric unit. The O atom of the epoxy group is α-oriented. The presence of the epoxy group disturbs the chair conformation in the ring A of the steroidal nucleus. Ring A has a C5α,C10β half-chair conformation. The six-membered rings B, C, and F have chair conformation as expected. The D ring adopts a C14α-envelope conformation and the E ring is midway between a C22α,O3β half-chair and a C22α-envelope conformations. The A/B, B/C, and C/D ring junctions are trans. Crystal data: C27H38O5·1/2C4H8O2, Monoclinic, space group P21, a = 7.7363(18) b = 28.769(12) c = 12.038(6) Å, β = 90.88(5), V = 2679.0(10) Å3, Z = 4. The packing of the molecules is assumed to be dictated by van der Waals interactions and by intermolecular C—H ··· O hydrogen bonds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012277425969
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray crystal structure of trans-bis(monoethanolamine) bis(saccharinato)nickel(II) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 767-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: saccharin ; monoethanolamine ; nickel(II) complex ; hydrogen bonding ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of trans-bis(monoethanolamine)bis(saccharinato)nickel(II), [Ni(C7H4NO3S)2(C2H7NO)2], has been determined from X-ray diffraction data. The metal complex is monoclinic, with a = 11.0555(5), b = 8.9103(4), c = 11.3890(5) Å, β = 105.0230(10)°, Z = 2, and space group P21/c . The structure consists of individual molecules. Two monoethanolamine molecules and two saccharinate anions coordinate the nickel atom forming a distorted octahedron. The monoethanolamine molecules act as a bidentate ligand and form five-membered trans chelate rings, which constitute the plane of the coordination octahedron, while two saccharinate ions behave as a monodentate ligand occupying the axial positions. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form a three-dimensional infinite structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013292406687
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel Cu–Te Clusters Synthesised from tBuTeSiMe3: [Cu18Te6(TetBu)6(PPh2Et)7], [Cu19Te6(TetBu)7(PEt3)8], [Cu27Te15(PiPr2Me)12] and [Cu58Te32(PtBu2nBu)14] (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 11 (2000), S. 135-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: copper telluride clusters ; copper telluro-tellurolato clusters ; crystal structure ; influence of phosphine ligands ; Frank-Kasper polyhedron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reactions of CuCl and tBuTeSiMe3 in the presence of phosphine ligands result in the formation of four new Cu/Te cluster complexes, [Cu18Te6(TetBu)6(PPh2Et)7], [Cu19Te6(TetBu)7(PEt3)8], [Cu27Te15(PiPr2Me)12] and [Cu58Te32(PtBu2 nBu)14], which have been structurally characterized by single crystal structural analysis. The former two clusters show a layer-type tellurium frameworks in which the copper atoms are asymmetrically spread. The latter two clusters possess a tellurium framework in a body-centered Te14-Frank-Kasper polyhedron or a Te28 polyhedron with four interstitial tellurium atoms and belong to mixed-valence Cu/Te compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009016832159
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cluster Build-up Reactions using Di-gold Cationic Fragments: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of [Os7(CO)19(Au2dppm)] (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 11 (2000), S. 217-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: gold ; osmium ; cluster ; carbonyl ; phosphine ; heteronuclear ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reaction of the di-gold cation [Au2(dppx)]2+ with the heptanuclear cluster dianion [Os7(CO)20]2− affords the mixed metal cluster [Os7(CO)20{Au2(dppx)}] (x=m (1), e (2), b (3)). On standing, in solution, this complex undergoes decarbonylation to give the cluster [Os7(CO)19{Au2(dppx)}] (x=m (4), e (5), b (6)). The complexes have been characterised spectroscopically, and an X-ray structure determination of the dppm derivative shows that it contains a metal core based on an Os7 edge-bridged bicapped tetrahedron with the two μ 3-Au atoms capping adjacent triangular Os3 faces of the central tetrahedron. In an analogous reaction, the carbido anion [Os7(H)C(CO)19]− affords the neutral cluster [Os7C(CO)19{Au2(dppm)}] (7) when treated with [Au2(dppm)]2+ in the presence of base.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009025101208
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of 2,2,3-trimethyl-3-(2′,4′,5′-tricyanophenyl) cyclopentyl-1-acetic acid, methyl ester, C20H21N3O2 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 589-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Phenylcyclopentaneacetate derivative ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound crystallizes in space group P21/n, with a = 14.600(2), b = 7.091(2), c = 18.211(5) Å, and β = 103.67(2)°. Owing to the centric space group, both C(1) and C(3) chiral centers are either R or S. The acetate group is equatorial, the H(1) and the methyl group at C(3) are axial and reciprocally trans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011358327087
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The crystal and molecular structure of spiro[1-(S)-Br-3-(S)-H-4-(R)-l-(1′ R,2′ S,5′R)-menthyloxy-5-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,3′-(R)-(4′-(R)-diphenylmethoxy-5′-l-(1′ R,2′ S,5′ R)-menthyloxy-butyrolactone)] (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 737-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; asymmetric synthesis ; spiro-cyclopropane derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Crystal structure of C41H53O7Br has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystalline in the orthorhombic space group P212121, with a = 11.264(2), b = 12.058(2), c = 29.337(6) Å, Z = 4. The bond angles of cyclopropane moiety in the molecule are approximate to 60° and agree with theoretic values of the internal angles in a cyclopropane, and two chiral menthyloxy groups are located above and under the whole chiral molecule, respectively. The configuration of the pentacyclic lactone is shown as envelope form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012254312765
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Redetermination of Rh4(CO)12 at 293 and 173 K and Analysis of the Thermal Motion in Relation to the Dynamical Behavior (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 11 (2000), S. 39-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: thermal motion ; crystal structure ; rhodium carbonyl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of Rh4(CO)12 (1) has been redetermined at room temperature and at 173 K. Crystallographic data for 1 at 293 K are as follows: C12O12Rh4, space group P21/c, a=9.209(3), b=11.790(7), c=17.721(8) Å, β=90.46(3)°, V=1924.0(16) Å3, Z=4, 5570 reflections to θ=30.0°, and R=0.030. For 1 at 173 K the data are as follows: space group P21/c, a=9.127(3), b=11.672(6), c=17.492(13) Å, β=90.64(5)°, V=1863.3(18) Å3, Z=4, 3782 reflections to θ=26.3°, and R=0.033. There was no detectable phase change on cooling to 173 K. Crystals of 1 are twinned by pseudo-merohedry, but a satisfactory refinement was obtained by assuming a (100) twinning mirror plane. TLS analysis of the anisotropic displacement parameters at both temperatures has been undertaken. Investigation of the mean square displacement difference between the observed and the rigid body displacement parameters reveals there is a signficant internal motion of the carbonyl ligands relative to the metal skeleton. This motion is consistent with a normal mode or modes of C 3 symmetry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009000428525
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Novel Cluster Consisting of Seven Fused MX6 Octahedra, Li14(THF)8[Ni7Cl17(μ-formamidinate)3(μ-Cl)]2 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 11 (2000), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: nickel cluster ; fluorinated formamidine ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract When a THF solution made from equimolar amounts of methyllithium and N,N′-bispentafluorophenyl formamidine, C6F5NC(H)N(H)C6F5, was added to a suspension of NiCl2 in THF and the mixture refluxed for 12 h, a bright yellow-green solution was formed, from which a bright green crystalline compound was obtained in 〉60% yield upon partial evaporation of the solvent. This compound, Li14(THF)8[Ni7Cl17(μ-formamidinate)3(μ-Cl)]2·9.4THF, crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4 2/mnm (No. 136) with Z=2. The core consists of two Ni7 units bridged by two Cl atoms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009008630342
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organically Templated Vanadium Oxide Phases: Synthesis and Structures of [H3NCH2CH2NH3][V2O6] and [HN(CH2CH2)3NH][VV2VIV4O14]·H2O (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 11 (2000), S. 433-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: crystal structure ; vanadium oxide ; organic template ; mixed valence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis and crystal structures of [H3NCH2CH2NH3][V2O6] (1) and [HN(CH2CH2)3NH][VV 2VIV 4O14]·H2O (2) are described. The structure of the oxidized compound 1 consists of parallel stacks of vanadium oxide chains of corner sharing {VO4} tetrahedra. The chains are stabilized by extensive hydrogen bonding involving oxide ligands of the chains and ethylenediammonium ions which fill the space between the stacks of chains. The structure of compound 2 consists of vanadium oxide layers separated by doubly protonated 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and lattice water. The vanadium oxide layers, containing mixed-valence vanadium (VV and VIV) centers, are composed of zigzag ribbons of edge-sharing {VO5} square pyramids interconnected by {VO4} tetrahedra. Crystal data. C2H10N2O6V2 , 1: monoclinic, space group P21/c (No. 14), a=5.5359(5), b=12.9430(12), c=5.6856(5) Å, α=90, β=97.460(2), γ=90°, V=403.93(6) Å3, Z=2. A total of 2506 reflections (θ max=27.89°) was collected, of which 954 were used to resolve the structure. The structure was solved by direct methods and least-squares refinement converged at R=0.0592. C6H16N2O15V6, 2: monoclinic, space group C2 (No. 5), a=19.303(4), b=6.667(2), c=7.579(2) Å, α=90, β=111.31(2), γ=90°, V=908.4(4) Å3, Z=2. A total of 1779 reflections was collected, of which 1591 unique reflections were used for structural elucidation. The structure was solved by direct methods and least-squares refinement converged at R=0.0314.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009051500265
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal and molecular structure studies of tris(2-hydroxy-3-t-butyl-5-methylbenzene)-methane trihydrate and N-benzyl-N-phenyl benzamide (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 255-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: THBMBM ; BPB ; crystal structure ; helical packing ; columnar packing ; mesophase transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structures of the title compounds, tris(2-hydroxy-3-t-butyl-5-methylbenzene)-methane)C34H46O3.3H2O, 3) and N-benzyl-N-phenylbenzamide (C20H17NO, 6), have been investigated by X-ray crystallography. Compound 3 crystallizes in the trigonal space group $$P\bar 3 $$ with cell parameters a = 14.090(5) Å, b = 14.090(5)Å, c = 10.485(5)Å, Z = 2. Compound 6 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with cell parameters a = 24.533(4)Å, b = 9.176(4)Å, c = 16.711(5)Å, β = 125.88(2)°, Z = 8. Compound 3 has both intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. It also exhibits a helical columnar arrangement of the molecules and goes into mesophase before melting into an isotropic liquid.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009595123416
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of 4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3, 5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 429-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Triazole ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The 4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole has been synthesized and its crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with a = 12.5832(6) Å, b = 7.0512(5) Å, c = 18.4669(12) Å, β = 96.826(1)°, and Dcalc = 1.345 g cm−1 for Z = 4. In the structure, two pyridyl rings, phenyl ring, and triazole ring do not share a common plane. The most favored orientation of the pyridyl rings in the crystal is that their planes are inclined toward opposite directions with respect to the triazole ring.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009542208264
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure and spectroscopy of the low-spin iron(II) compound: tris(bipyrimidine)iron(II) bis(triflate), [Fe(bipym)33](CF3SO3)2 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 441-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 2,2′-Bipyrimidine ; low-spin ; iron ; crystal structure ; infrared
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The compound [Fe(bipym)33](CF3SO3)2 (in which bipym = 2,2′-bipyrimidine) crystallizes in the space group P21/c, with a = 13.7641(11), b = 18.7557(19), c = 12.3627(11) Å, β = 103.085(8)° and Z = 4. The low-spin Fe(II) atom is octahedrally surrounded by six nitrogen atoms of three bipyrimidine groups with Fe—N distances that vary from 1.968(4) to 1.975(4) å. In the far-infrared region the Fe—N vibrations are observed at 359 and 372 cm-1.
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  • 19
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    Crystal structure of a novel bis(guanidiniums) compound incorporated by sulfate anion (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 483-487 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Bis(guanidiniums) ; sulfate anion ; hydrogen bond ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Crystal structure of a novel bis(guanidiniums) compound 1 by sulfate anion and water, C11H20N6OċSO4ċH2O, was measured by X-ray crystallographic analysis with an “imaging plate” method. It possesses space group P21/c, with a = 7.6433(15), b = 19.447(4), c = 12.115(2) Å, β = 107.81(3)°, and φcalc = 1.420 mg/m3 for Z = 4. Crystal data indicate that the architecture network is formed through hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and arene–arene stacking interaction among the bis(guanidiniums) compound, the sulfate anion and water molecule.
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  • 20
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    Redetermination of the structure of bis[chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylphenylazo)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-7-on] copper(II) complex (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 505-507 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Bis[chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylphenylazo)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-7-on]copper(II) ; thiazolylazo dye ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of C17H18ClCuN3O2S (M = 854.78, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 8.316(2), b = 18.461(4), c = 11.774(2) Å, β = 99.64(3)°, V = 1782.0(7) Å3, Z = 4) is formed by dimeric molecules [C17H18ClCuN3O2S]2 with two monomeric units linked together by two chlorine atoms. The Cu atom is coordinated by two chlorine atoms, an oxygen atom, the azo nitrogen atom attached to the benzene ring, and the nitrogen atom of the thiazole ring, in the form of a distorted tetragonal pyramid.
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  • 21
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    Synthesis and crystal structure of the perchlorate salt of diprotonated N,N′-bis(1-methylimidazole-2-methyl)1,5-diazacyclooctane (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 531-534 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 1,5-Diazacyclooctane (DACO) ; crystal structure ; boat/chair configuration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The diprotonated perchlorate salt of a new 1,5-diazacyclooctane (DACO) mesocycle functionalized by two imidazole pendants, N,N′-bis(1-methylimidazole-2-methyl)-1,5-diazacyclo-octane (C16H28N6Cl2O8), has been synthesized and the structure determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 11.964(2), b = 13.251(3), c = 14.741(3) Å, β = 106.00(3)°, Mr = 503.34, V = 2246(1) Å3, Z = 4. The crystal structure of the title compound reveals that the DACO ring is also folded up into the “chair/boat” configuration, which is consistent with the configuration in most of the transition metal complexes of DACO and its derivatives. The two imidazole pendants of the compound are in cis position with a dihedral angle of 16.0(4)°.
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  • 22
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    Structural and spectroscopic characterization of tris (o-phenanthroline)iron(II) disaccharinate monosaccharin hexahydrate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 539-544 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Iron(II) ; o-phenanthroline ; saccharinate ; crystal structure ; spectroscopic properties ; thermal behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound, for short [Fe(o-phen)3](sac)2·(Hsac)·6H2O, has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 16.3190(1), b = 19.2890(1), c = 17.4490(2) Å, β = 92.586(1)°, V = 5486.95(8) Å3 and, Z = 4. The investigated compound constitutes the first example of a species in which uncoordinated saccharin and saccharinate anions are present in the structure. The crystallographic results reveal the subtle differences between the structure of the neutral molecule and its anion. The complex was also characterized by means of infrared, electronic, and 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy. Its magnetic susceptibility was determined at room temperature and its thermal behavior investigated by means of thermogravimetric and differential thermal analytical techniques.
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  • 23
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    Synthesis and X-ray structure of [(H3O)(C14H20O5)2][Me2NH2]2 [PMo12O40] · 2C14H20O5 (C14H20O5 = benzo-15-crown-5; Me2NH = dimethylamine) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 577-581 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Oxonium ions ; crystal structure ; molybdophosphate ; crown ether
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract [(H3O)(C14H20O5)2][Me2NH2]2 [PMo12O40] · 2C14H20O5 1 was synthesized from benzo-15-crown-5 and H3PMo12O40·24H2O in N,N′-dimethylformamide for the first time. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 18.583(4), b = 25.510(5), c = 19.904(4) Å, β = 94.66(3)° D c = 2.124 mg/m3 for Z = 4. Refinement based on 7358 observed reflections led to a R1(wR2) = 0.0378(0.0761). The complex cation, [(H3O)(C14H20O5)2]+, exhibits a sandwich structure by hydrogen-bonding in the mean distance of 2.955 Å. The anion, PMo12O40 3−, is a α-Keggin structure.
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  • 24
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    Synthesis, spectroscopy, and X-ray structure of the polymer catena-[bis(azido-N)-copper(II)-μ-bis(2-benzimidazolyl)butane] (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 69-72 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: azido ; crystal structure ; copper(II) ; infrared ; polymeric
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound, catena-[bis(azido-N)-copper(II)-μ(bis(2-benzimidazolyl)butane), [Cu(C18H18N4)(N3)2]n, was obtained from the reaction of the ligand bis(2-benzimidazolyl)butane and Cu(N3)2. The x-ray crystal structure is reported. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 8.2524(10), b = 12.765(5), c = 9.1125(15) Å, β = 106.423(12)°, Z = 2. The Cu(II) ions are square-planar coordinated with trans-oriented end-on binding azido ligands. The structure is a polynuclear chain with the benzimidazole bridging at each end. In addition a N(ligand)-H···N(azido) H-bridge [N(ligand)···N(azido) = 2.994(7) Å] is present, resulting in a pseudo 2-dimensional lattice. The characteristic azido infrared vibrations are found at 2060 and 2077 cm−1 (νas(N3)) and 1284 and 1297 cm−1 (ν(N3)).
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  • 25
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    Synthesis and crystal structure of [Tb4(H2O)2](C2O4)2(C5H6O4)4 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 633-639 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Lanthanide ; oxalate ; glutarate ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A terbium complex associating two ligands, oxalate and glutarate, was prepared under hydrothermal conditions at 200°C by treating an aqueous suspension of terbium oxalate decahydrate with glutaric acid and guanidinium carbonate. Its structure was solved by X-ray diffraction on a single crystal. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with lattice constants, a = 9.514(1) Å, b = 9.0681(8) Å, c = 19.702(2) Å, and β = 97.90(1)°. The terbium atoms and the oxalate ligands build dense chains which are connected by one side of the carboxylic group of some glutarate ligands, thus forming a sheet at the c level ≅ 0 and 1/2. These sheets are bridged by glutarate groups. The terbium atoms are ninefold coordinate with nine oxygen atoms of the ligands or with one water molecule and eight oxygen atoms of the ligands. Each polyhedron of the terbium atoms share one edge and one face of oxygen atoms with the two neighboring ones. The oxalate ligands are bischelating and bismonodentate. The coordination scheme of glutarate differs: either they are bismonodentate from one side and chelating and monodentate from the other side or they are chelating and monodentate from both sides.
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  • 26
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    Terbium and holmium trans-2,3-dimethylacrylic acid complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 777-782 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: terbium complex ; holmium complex ; crystal structure ; trans-2,3-dimethylacrylic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Novel dinuclear complexes, [REL3(phen)]2 (where RE = Tb, Ho; HL = trans-2,3-dimethylacrylic acid; phen = 1,10-phenantheoline), were synthesized and determined by elemental analysis, infrared absorption spectra (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction. The Tb complex crystallizes in space group P21/n with the cell dimensions a = 12.939(2) Å, b = 13.018(2) Å, c = 15.400(3) Å and β = 94.72(1)°. The Ho complex crystallizes in P (9) with a = 12.406(3) Å, b = 13.280(3) Å, c = 9.823(2) Å, α = 110.80(2)°, β = 103.42(2)°, γ = 63.67(1)°. The Tb atom is nine coordinate and the separation of Tb...Tb* is 3.97 Å. The Ho atom is eight coordinate and the separation of Ho...Ho* is 4.01 Å.
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    Synthesis and crystal structure of 1-(1′,3′-dimethyl-5′-chloropyrazol-4′-carbonyl′-3-(2′-chlorophenyl)-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazole (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 789-792 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; pyrazolide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound 1-(1′,3′-dimethyl-5′-chloropyrazol-4′-carbonyl)-3-(2′-chlorophenyl)-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazole (C16H12Cl2N6O) has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction: Triclinic, space group P1, with a = 8.6712(8) Å, b = 9.5091(10) Å, c = 11.2170(11) Å α = 71.531(2)°, β = 84.683(2)°, γ = 74.099(2)° Z = 2; V = 843.7(14) Å3. C(10), O(1), C(11), and N(2) atoms are coplanar with the average deviation of 0.0071 Å, which form 11.03° and 43.93° dihedral angles with pyrazole planes (I) and (II), respectively.
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    Structure, thermal behavior, and IR investigation of bis(3-amino-1,2,4-triazolium)monohydrogen monophosphate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 805-809 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: organic phosphate ; crystal structure ; DTA/TG/DSC ; IR spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Chemical preparation, calorimetric studies, crystal structure, and IR spectrometric investigation of (C2H5N4)2HPO4, denoted ATZP, are described. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system with C2/c space group. Its unit cell dimensions are a = 13.589(2) Å b = 11.105(2) Å c = 15.734(3) Å β = 104.68(2)°, V = 2296.8(7) Å3, and Z = 8. The structure of the title compound consists of a three dimensional network of H-bonds connecting all its components. The IR spectrum of ATZP is reported and discussed on the basis of group theoretical analysis.
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  • 29
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    Crystal structure of [WI2(CO)2{P(OiPr)3}(η2-EtC2Et)] (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 181-184 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: tungsten(II) ; diiodo ; dicarbonyl ; triisopropylphosphite ; 3-hexyne ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract [WI2(CO)2{P(OiPr)3}(η2-EtC2Et)] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with a = 11.101(12), b = 16.272(18), c = 14.892(17) Å, β = 93.27(1), Z = 4. The geometry can be considered to be pseudo-octahedral, with the 3-hexyne ligand occupying one site, with two iodo-groups, and the P(OiPr)3 ligand completing the equational plane of ligands, with two trans-carbonyl groups occupying the axial sites.
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  • 30
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    Synthesis, crystal structure and molecular modeling (AM1) of two 5-arylidene derivatives of Meldrum's acid (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 189-194 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; AM1 ; x-ray diffraction ; Meldrum's acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis and structural characterization of two 5-Arylidene derivatives of Meldrum's acid (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione) are described: 5-(4-Nitrobenciliden)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (3a), and 5-(4-Methoxybenciliden)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (3b). The structure of 3a was refined to R1 = 0.0421 for 2148 reflections (with I 〉 2σ (I)). Crystal data for 3a: C13H11NO6, orthorhombic, space group Pbca, a = 16.008(3), b = 6.137(1), c = 25.281(5) Å, V = 2483.6(8) Å3, Z = 8. The structure of 3b was refined to R1 = 0.0496 for 4681 reflections (with I 〉 2σ(I)). Crystal data for 3b: C14H14O5, triclinic, space group P1, a = 9.131(2), b = 9.922(2), c = 14.490(3)Å, α = 85.076(6), β = 84.80(3), γ = 89.37(2)°,V = 1302.4(5) Å3, Z = 4. The results of crystallographic and molecular modeling (AM1) were compared. The molecules in the crystal are held together, in both compounds, by van der Waals forces and C—H···O hydrogen bond interactions.
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    Separation of rosin acids by molecular recognition: crystal structure of the complex of neoabietic acid with 2-amino-6-methyl-pyridine (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 195-198 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: neoabietic acid ; amino(methyl)pyridine ; crystal structure ; molecular recognition ; H-bonding ; rosin acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Neoabietic acid has been separated from gum rosin mixture by the aid of molecular recognition using 2-amino-6-methyl-pyridine as recognition reagent. The complex of neoabietic acid with 2-amino-6-methy-pyridine crystallizes from ether solution in the monoclinic, space group P21 with cell parameters of a = 7.370(1), b = 8.692(1), c = 18.365(2) Å, β = 92.53(1)°,V = 1175.3(2) Å3 and Z = 2. X-ray structure analysis shows that an extensive H-bonding network exists between neoabietic acid and amino(methyl)pyridine, which is considered as one of the factors resulting in successfully separating the neoabietic acid from the gum rosin mixture.
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    Crystal structure of a novel tertiary phosphine coordination complex: dichlorobis(tribenzylphosphine)nickel(II) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 173-176 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: phosphine ; nickel(II) complexes ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound dichlorobis(tribenzylphosphine)nickel(II), Ni[P(CH2C6H5)3]2Cl2, belongs to a type of tertiary phosphine coordination complex, M(PR3)2X2. There are two molecules in the unit cell which do not appear to interact chemically. Both molecules have a trans-square planar configuration with each nickel atom on a center of symmetry. Three benzyl groups are bonded to each phosphorus atom as rotors in a propeller, and the threefold axis is along the P—Ni bond, which has a mean length of 2.23(1) Å. Crystal data: C42H42Cl2NiP2, Triclinic, space group $$P\bar 1 $$ , a = 10.4892(15) b = 10.5249(12) c = 19.453(2) Å, α = 83.872(8), β = 76.839(9), γ = 62.241(8)°, V = 1850.5(4) Å3, Z = 2. There is an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the C3 and C11 atoms.
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    A dinuclear cyanide-bridged complex, [(DMF)4(H2O)3LuCo(CN)6]·H2O (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 671-675 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Synthesis ; crystal structure ; lutetium(III) ; cobalt(III) hexacyanide ; cyanide bridging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of the bimetallic cyanide bridged complex [(DMF)4(H2O)3LuCo(CN)6]·H2O (1) was obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The central lutetium(III) ion is eight coordinate arranged in a square antiprism while the cobalt(III) ion is six coordinate, oriented octahedrally. Molecules in the crystal lattice are held together by a network of hydrogen bonding. Crystallization of 1 occurs in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space group P21/c (No. 14) with a = 13.875(2), b = 8.8352(9), c = 24.633(2) Å β = 96.392(8)° and Z = 4.
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    Identification of a new family of diphosphate compounds, AI2BII3(P2O7)2: Structures of Ag2Co3(P2O7)2, Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2, and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 705-716 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: mixed metal diphosphates ; AI 2BII 3(P2O7)2 ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Syntheses and single-crystal X-ray structural results are reported for three new mixed diphosphates of the family AI 2BII 3(P2O7)2; Ag2Co3(P2O7)2 (I), Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2 (II), and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2 (III). All crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1 bar: (I) a = 5.351(4), b = 6.375(4), c = 16.532(4) Å, α = 80.83(6) β = 81.45(4), γ = 72.87(5)°, V = 528.9(6) Å3, Z = 2, D calc = 4.649 mg/m3, R/Rw = 0.0428/0.0548 for 3949 obs. reflns; (II) a = 5.432(7), b = 6.619(6), c = 16.51(3) Å, α = 80.78(8) β = 82.43(9), γ = 72.82(7)°, V = 557.7(13) Å3, Z = 2, D calc = 4.338 mg/m3, R/Rw = 0.0679/0.1303 for 2100 obs. reflns and (III) a = 5.67(3), b = 7.08(4), c = 7.90(4) Å, α = 77.0(2), β = 82.5(2), γ = 67.8(2)°, V = 286(3) Å3, Z = 2, D calc = 4.249 mg/m3, R/Rw = 0.0307/0.0342 for 1945 obs. reflns. (I) and (II) are isostructural but (III) is of a different type. All three structures are characterized by layers of P2O7 groups alternating with layers of mixed metal atoms. Differences are seen in the conglomerate bonding patterns of B atoms and in the irregular geometry of Ag in (I) and (II) compared to the octahedral bonding seen for Na in (III). The differences in structure may be understood in terms of the ratios of the ionic radii of A and B atoms.
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    Crystal structure of diethoxynitrobenzene-p-tert-butylcalix [4]arene⋅2(CH3)2C=O: Evidence of intra- and intermolecular CH/π interactions forced by crystal packing (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 717-720 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: calix[4]arene ; CH/π interaction ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Diethoxynitrobenzene-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene⋅2(CH3)2C=O crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c, with cell dimensions a = 16.1437(2) Å, b = 21.0292(2) Å, c = 18.9685(3) Å and β = 110.308(1)°. The asymmetric unit consists of a diethoxynitrobenzene-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene molecule and two solvated acetone molecules. Besides the usual CH/π interaction between p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene π cavity and a solvated acetone, this structure shows the intra- and intermolecular CH/π interactions among a nitrobenzene ring, ethylene bridge of the ethoxynitrobenzene side chain and a solvated acetone molecule.
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    Crystal structure of a 26-membered hexaaza macrocycle bearing hydroxyethyl pendants containing p-xylyl spacers (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 743-747 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: macrocycle ; hydroxyethyl pendant ; crystal structure ; hydrogen bonds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The new macrocyclic compound bearing hydroxyethyl pendant arms containing p-xylyl spacers, 3,6,9,16,19,22-hexaaza-6,19-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-tricyclo[22,2,2,211,14] triaconta-1,11,13,24,27,29-hexaene, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 8.700(2) Å, b = 18.301(4) Å, c = 11.766(2) Å, β = 108.57(2)°. The two hydroxyethyl pendants are at the opposite sides of the macrocyclic plane. Benzene rings in macrocycle are parallel and exist the π-π weak interaction with distance of 4.28 Å. The crystal packing of the macrocycle is stabilized by the hydrogen bonds.
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    Crystal structure, thermal analysis, and IR spectrometric investigation of bis(tert-butylammonium) sulfate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 799-804 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: organic sulfate ; crystal structure ; DTA/TG/DSC ; IR spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Chemical preparation, X-ray single crystal, thermal analysis, and IR spectrometric investigation of (C4H12N)2SO4, denoted tBAS, are described. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system with C2/c space group. Its unit cell dimensions are a = 11.1585(5) Å, b = 6.2148(4) Å, c = 20.070(1) Å, β = 102.004(4)°, V = 1361.4(1) Å3, and Z = 4. The crystal structure of tBAS can be described as a typical thick layered organization built by all the components of the structure and centered by planes z = 1/4 and 3/4. Connection in these layers are established by N—H···O hydrogen bonds. Thermal analysis shows a reversible weak phase transition.
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    Crystal structure and spectroscopy of bis-[bis(2-benzimidazolyl)propane]copper(II) bis(triflate)monohydrate, a copper complex with a geometry intermediate between tetrahedral and square planar (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 793-797 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: copper ; bis(benzimidazoles) ; crystal structure ; infrared
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of a mononuclear copper(II) compound with the ligand bis(2-benzimidazolyl)propane (abbreviated as tbz) is reported. The compound [Cu(tbz)2](CF3SO3)2(H2O) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P $$\bar 1$$ , with a = 12.363(6), b = 13.218(9), c = 15.365(8) Å, α = 82.74(5), β = 68.04(4), γ = 65.30(5), and Z = 2. The Cu(II) atom has a geometry intermediate between tetrahedral and square planar, consisting of four nitrogen atoms of two tbz ligands. The Cu—N—Cu angles are about 135°, while the dihedral angle between them amounts to 62° (0° for square planar and 90° for a tetrahedron). Ligand field bands are observed at 10.2 × 103, 13.8 × 103, and 20.3 × 103 cm−1, while the most characteristic infrared vibrations of the triflate anion are observed at 1273, 1260, 1238, 1221, 1171, and 1157 cm−1.
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    Crystal structure and thermal analysis of 1,5-diammonium-2-methyl pentane sulfate monohydrate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 95-98 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: organic sulfate ; crystal structure ; DTA/TG/DSC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Chemical preparation, x-ray single crystal, and thermal analysis of C6H18N2SO4·H2O (denoted DMPS) are described. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic system with P $$\overline 1$$ space group. Its unit cell dimensions are a = 5.826(1) Å, b = 10.014(1) Å, c = 11.221(1) Å, α = 66.716(1)°, β = 84.395(1)°, γ = 83.759(1)°, V = 596.7(1) Å3, and Z = 2. The DMPS structure is built up from inorganic chains parallel to the a axis and linked via O(W)-H···O hydrogen bonds. These chains are interconnected by organic groups. Thermal analysis reveals the presence of one water molecule in the structure and shows a reversible weak phase transition.
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    Molecular structure and 1H, 13C NMR assignments of 1,3,5-tris(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 115-118 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 1,3,5-tris(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (titmb); crystal structure; hydrogen bonding; 2D NMR ; crystal structure ; hydrogen bonding ; 2D NMR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The molecule 1,3,5-tris(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (titmb) crystallizes as a monohydrate in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 20.888(4), b = 13.220(2), c = 14.385(2) Å, β = 90.36(1)°. Two of three imidazole groups are on one side of the central benzene ring, and the other one is on the opposite side. The crystal packing of titmb is stabilized by O-H--N hydrogen bonding between the water molecule and nitrogen atoms of the imidazole group. The complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments for titmb were carried out by 2D NMR spectral measurements.
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    Crystal structure of 2,6-dimethylpyridinium hydrogen phthalate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 119-122 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: phthalic acid ; 2, 6-dimethylpyridine ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new crystal of 2,6-dimethylpyridinium hydrogen phthalate (DPMHP) has been prepared and characterized by x-ray crystallography. DPMHP crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 26.105(3), b = 8.2250(10), c = 13.8750(10) Å, β = 116.02(1)°, V = 2677.2(5) Å3, and Z = 8. The 2,6-dimethylpyridinium (DPM) is held with the hydrogen phthalate ion (HPI) by intermolecular hydrogen bond of N-H-O. A noncentered hydrogen atom is involved in the short intramolecular hydrogen of O-O [2.398(2) Å] between the neighboring carboxylic groups. The phenyl ring of the HPI appears to be deformed in comparison with the original. The entity of HPI in itself and DMPMHP as a whole are arranged in a rumple pattern. The geometrical arrangement in the crystal structure is characterized by the formation of laminar ribbons of DPMHP.
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    The crystal structures of two reaction products of α-halopyruvamide with nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 109-113 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: α-halopyruvamide derivatives ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two compounds have been prepared during the investigation of the reactivity of α-halopyruvamides. The reaction products: 3-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide (1) and 7-carbamoyl-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[4,3-b][1,3]thiazol-4-ium chloride (2) were structurally characterized by x-ray crystallography. Compound 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pca21 with a = 28.813(2), b = 9.369(1), and c = 9.361(1) Å. The structure contains two crystallographically different molecules. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with the following cell parameters: a = 8.5895(8), b = 22.499(2), c = 7.4133(6) Å, and β = 110.204(1)°.
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    Synthesis and molecular structure of N-[3-(p-bromophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methylphthalimide. III. (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 131-134 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 1,2,4-Oxadiazole ; crystal structure ; phthalimide derivative ; AM1 method ; STO-3G basis set
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis, spectroscopic studies and crystal structure of the title compound is described. The crystallographic studies showed that the p-bromophenyl group is very nearly coplanar with the 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring. The nearly planar phthalimide group makes an angle of about 98° with the bromophenyloxadiazole plane. Semi-empirical (AM1) and ab initio (STO-3G, 6-31G) molecular orbital calculations have been carried out for this compound and a comparison of bond angles, bond lengths and torsion angles has been made with the experimental values, which are remarkably close to each other. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 13.6299(2),b = 13.9836(2), c = 8.4817(2) Å, β = 101.9070(10)°, V = 1581.79(5) Å3, and Z = 4.
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    Crystal and molecular structure of augustamine (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 135-138 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: alkaloid ; tazettine type ; amaryllidaceae ; crystal structure ; molecular mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of augustamine (1), C17H19NO4 an amaryllidaceae alkaloid of the tazettine group has been determined by direct methods from single crystal x-ray diffractometer data and refined by full-matrix least squares. The alkaloid (1) crystallizes in the space group P212121, with cell parameters: a = 7.833(8) b = 11.08(2) å, c = 16.69(6) Å, Z = 4, Dc = 1.381 g/cm−3, R = 7.6% for 1115 observed reflections. The molecule, having a hexacyclic ring system, is very rigid with the ring B in a chair conformation. Molecular mechanics calculations have been made using MM3(2000) force field.
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    Synthesis, crystal structure of a one-dimensional cobalt—azide complex through hydrogen bond (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 159-162 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; cobalt (II) complex ; one-dimensional chain ; hydrogen bond
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A one-dimensional chain complex, {[Co(bpm)2(N3)2][Co(bpm)2(H2O)2]} (ClO4)2, (bpm being bis(pyrazol-l-yl)methane), has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction: triclinic, space group P - 1 with a = 8.805(2) Å, b = 8.902(2) Å, c = 13.621(3) Å, α = 84.27(3)°, β = 84.63(3)°, γ = 80.05(3)°, V = 1043.2(4) Å3, Z = 1. Two cobalt atoms have ideal octahedral environments with different coordination atoms. One cobalt atom is six-coordinated with nitrogen atoms from two bpm ligands and two azide ligands, while the other cobalt atom is coordinated by four nitrogen atoms from bpm and two oxygen atoms from water molecules. The complex forms one-dimensional chain through hydrogen bonds.
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    Syntheses, characterization, and structural analyses of several f-block isothiocyanatonitrato complexes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 301-309 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Synthesis ; crystal structure ; dioxouranium(VI) ; lanthanide(III) ; thiocyanate ; nitrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Reactions of tetra-n-butylammonium thiocyanate with lanthanide and uranyl nitrates yield complexes of the general type [(Bu)4N]x[M(NCS)y(NO3)z]. Samples of [(Bu)4N]2 [UO2(NCS)3( NO3)] (1), [(Bu)4N]3[Yb(NCS)4(NO3)2] (2), and [(Bu)4N]3[Nd(NCS)4(NO3)2rsqb; (3) were prepared from alcohol solutions. Crystallization of 1 occurs in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space group C2/c (No. 15) with a = 17.949(4) Å, b = 16.587(3) Å, c = 16.763(3) Å; β = 99.77(3)°; and Z = 4. The seven-coordinate uranium(VI) ion exhibits a pentagonal bipyramid coordination environment. Crystallization of 2 occurs in the centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Pnnn (No. 48) with a = 12.530(2) Å, b = 12.9440(10) Å, c = 21.203(2) Å; Z = 2. The eight-coordinate ytterbium(III) ion expresses a dodecahedral coordination environment. Crystallization of 3 occurs in the noncentrosymmetric monoclinic space group Cc (No. 9) with a = 16.556(2) Å, b = 18.130(2) Å, c = 23.984(4) Å; Z = 4. The 10-coordinate neodymium(III) ion exhibits a dodecahedral coordination environment. Characterization includes physical property determinations, conoscopic studies, IR spectroscopic identifications, and UV spectral data. Details of the syntheses along with selected bond distances and angles are presented and discussed.
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    A dimeric pervanadyl (VO2+) complex with a tridentate Schiff base ligand (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 329-333 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Pervanadyl complex ; Schiff base ; di(μ-oxo)-bridged dimer ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A di(μ-oxo)-bridged dinuclear complex, [VO2(pamh)]2 was isolated by reacting bis(acetylacetonato)vanadium(IV) and the Schiff base, N-(anisoyl)-N′-(picolinylidene)-hydrazine (Hpamh) in acetonitrile. The complex crystallizes in the space group $$P\bar 1 $$ ;1; (#2) on crystallographic inversion center. Crystal data: a = 8.2202(12) Å, b = 9.8389(19) Å, c = 10.1907(17) Å, α = 68.245(15)°, β = 74.47(2)°, γ = 66.710(19)°, V = 696.0(2) Å3, and Z = 1. The physical properties of the complex and the structural parameters are consistent with the +5 oxidation state of the metal ions. The monomeric VO2(pamh) unit is square-pyramidal. The planar mononegative ligand (pamh−) coordinates the metal ion via the pyridine-N, the imine-N, and the amide-O atoms. One of the oxo groups completes the NNOO basal plane and also participates in the Vndash;Ondash ;V bridge formation. The other oxo group satisfies the fifth apical coordination site. The molecular structure of the dimeric complex, [VO2(pamh)]2 can be described as two edge-shared distorted VO4N2 octahedra.
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    Crystal structure and spectroscopy of a hydrogen-bridged one-dimensional Cu(II) complex containing both octahedral and square pyramidal geometries in the same unit cell (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 351-357 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Helical hydrogen-bridged one-dimensional Cu(II) complex ; trans-4-styrylpyridine ; crystal structure ; IR and electronic spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Single crystals of the helical hydrogen-bridged one-dimensional Cu(II) complex, [Cu(stpy)2(CH3COO)2(H2O)2] (1) [Cu(stpy)2(CH3COO)2(H2O)] (2), are prepared and characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, IR, electronic and X-ray crystal structure determination. The crystals are monoclinic, of space group C2/c, with unit cell parameters a = 31.842(7) Å, b = 5.9829(10) Å, c = 30.970(14) Å, β = 111.78(3)°, Z = 4. The asymmetric unit contains two different types of Cu(II) polyhedra, namely, octahedron and square pyramid within the same unit cell. 1 has elongated octahedral geometry with two nitrogen atoms from stpy and two oxygen atoms from synmonodentate acetate ligands, transcoordinated to Cu(II) in the basal plane. The oxygen atoms of the two water molecules occupy the axial positions. 2 has Cu(II) coordination polyhedra similar to 1, except that only one of the apical positions is occupied by a water molecule. The structure consists of two independent linear chains, one involving octahedral (1) and the other involving square-pyramidal (2) polyhedra, held by hydrogen bridges. The Cu–Cu intra- and interchain separations in both 1 and 2 are 5.983 and 8.214 Å. The unit cell packing shows weak π-stacking between adjacent coordinated stpy ligands in the chain, resulting in ladder-type structure. Further, the extended packing reveals helical arrangement of Cu(II) polyhedra in the lattice.
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    Crystal structure of [Yb(L(NO3)2(H2O)2](NO3), L = bromo-N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylmalonamide (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 455-458 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Ytterbium ; malonamide ; crystal structure ; extraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract [Yb(L(NO3)2(H2O)2](NO3), L = bromo-N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylmalonamide crystallizes in the triclinic spacegroup P-1 with cell dimensions a = 9.030(9), b = 12.036(12), c = 12.392(13) Å, α = 84.52(1), β = 77.58(1), γ = 67.21(1)° , dcalc = 1.935 g cm-3 for Z = 2. The ytterbium atom in the complex cation is nine-coordinate being bonded to two oxygen atoms from the malonamide ligand, two nitrate anions, and three water molecules.
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    N-Arylmaleimide derivatives (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 563-571 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Maleimide ; crystal structure ; photopolymerization ; monomer ; conformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Nine phenyl substituted N-phenylmaleimide monomers for photopolymerization studies have been characterized by x-ray crystallography. Structures for N-(2′-t-butylphenyl)maleimide (1), P21/n, a = 10.197(3) Å, b = 11.904(4) Å, c = 10.496(5) Å, β = 100.61(3)° N-(2′-trifluoromethylphenyl)maleimide (2), P21/c, a = 11.763(8) Å, b = 10.699(9) Å, c = 8.284(5) Å, β = 90.02(5)° N-(2′,6′-diisopropylphenyl)maleimide hemibenzene solvate (3), Pc, a = 16.747(6) Å, b = 8.552(3) Å, c = 12.899(4) Å, β = 105.08(3)° N-(2′,6′-diisopropylphenyl) maleimide (unsolvated) (4), C2/c, a = 28.146(10) Å, b = 8.434(4) Å, c = 12.881(4) Å, β = 92.20(4)° N-(2′-bromo-3′,5′-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) maleimide (5), P21/n, a = 8.7115(16) Å, b = 16.125(3) Å, c = 9.6707(19) Å, β = 99.757(15)° N-(2′-phenylphenyl)maleimide (6), P21/n, a = 8.519(4) Å, b = 13.742(5) Å, c = 11.147(4) Å, β = 92.25(3)° N-(4′-methoxyphenyl)maleimide (7), P21/n, a = 9.320(3) Å, b = 6.621(2) Å, c = 16.059(6) Å, β = 99.58(3)° N-(2′-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-methylmaleimide (8), Fdd2, a = 43.362(12) Å, b = 8.202(2) Å, c = 12.720(4) Å and N-(2′-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-methanosuccinimide (9), Cc, a = 7.708(2) Å, b = 22.191(9) Å, c = 7.137(2) Å, β = 115.76(2)° are described. Molecules with bulky 2′-substituents show larger rotations between the mean phenyl and maleimide ring planes, and varying degrees of distortion to the imide group.
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    Porosified Silicon Wafer Structures Impregnated With Platinum Anti-Tumor Compounds: Fabrication, Characterization, and Diffusion Studies (2000)
    Springer
    Biomedical microdevices 2 (2000), S. 265-272 
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    ISSN: 1572-8781
    Keywords: porous silicon ; cis-platin ; drug delivery ; calcium phosphate ; carbo-platin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this work, the incorporation and characterization of cis-platin (cis-diammine dichloroplatinum(II)), carbo-platin [cis-diammine(cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylato] platinum(II)), and Pt(en)Cl2 (ethylenediamminedichloro platinum(II)) within layers of calcium phosphate on porous Si/Si substrates are described. These materials have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. The diffusion of platinum species from the doped calcium phosphate layers has also been investigated by UV-visible absorption spectrometry and inductively-coupled plasma spectroscopy. The influence of initial platinum concentration, the impact of thermal annealing of the calcium phosphate/porous Si/Si matrix, as well as the effect of varying the ligand coordination sphere of the Pt complex on its ability to be delivered to the surroundings have also been analyzed. For the case of cis-platin, it is found that increasing the concentration of platinum complex in the electrolyte during cathodic growth of calcium phosphate results in a relatively greater concentration of Pt incorporated into the calcium phosphate layers and a larger amount of Pt which subsequently can be delivered to the surrounding medium upon exposure to solvent.
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    Oxygen Configuration in the Superconductor (Hg0.7Mo0.3)Sr2(Ca1−xRx)Cu2Oz (R = Nd and Pr) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 13 (2000), S. 111-119 
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    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: superconductivity ; Hg-based cuprate ; Hg-1212 (Hg,Mo)Sr2(Ca,R)Cu2O z ; neutron diffraction ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two series of Hg-based oxides (Hg0.7Mo0.3)Sr2(Ca1−x R x )Cu2O z (R = Nd and Pr, 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) have been synthesized. Electrical-resistivity measurements show that these compounds are superconductors with maximum onset T c of 107 and 102 K for Nd- and Pr-containing samples, respectively. The neutron powder diffraction experiments on both as-prepared and O2-annealed samples of R = Nd revealed that the O(3) site at the HgOδ sheets are fully occupied and shifted towards the Hg/Mo site to form Mo–O bonds.
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    Evaluation of Kinetic Data for Crystallization of Tio2 Prepared by Hydrolysis Method (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 595-604 
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    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: crystal structure ; DSC ; oxides ; X-ray diffraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The formation of TiO2 prepared by hydrolysis method was presented. Thermodynamics and kinetics of anatase crystallization reaction were investigated. Differential method of kinetic data evaluation in non-isothermal conditions according toKissinger, Ozawa and Kazeev-Yerofeev was applied. Starting, crystallized and thermally treated powders were determined using X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The characteristic parameters (the activation energy, constant rate and formal kinetic order of reaction) of TiO2 formation were calculated using DSC data.
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    Electrical Characterisation of Photovoltaic Porous Si (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 295-298 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; photo-voltage ; d.c. conductivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this study n-type and p-type PV devices have been fabricated by anodising Si wafers with various resistivities in aqueous ethanoic HF solution followed by deposition of semitransparent contacts. semitransparent deposition onto the porous layers. Various methods have been used for the optimisation of problematic contact to nanoporous layers. The measurements of importance are current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, the photovoltaic (PV) decay time spectrum, and the PV response as a function of excitation energy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009600619044
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    Laser Induced Degradation of Photoluminescence Intensity of Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 307-310 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; photoluminescence ; degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The evolution, under vacuum, of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of porous silicon (PS) has been studied as function of anodisation conditions, laser line and post-anodisation treatments. It was shown that the degradation of the PL intensity depends on the internal structure of PS. In particular, the degradation is important for PS layers formed essentially by crystallites having small size or where amorphous phase exists. The experimental results have been interpreted using a theoretical model, which takes into account the variation with time of the local concentration of the luminescent centers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009613004932
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    Stress Measurement Technique to Monitor Porous Silicon Processing (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 319-321 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; stress measurements ; thermal annealing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Macroscopic stress measurements are used to monitor Porous Silicon processing. Silicon wafer of 1Ω cm resistivity, n-type and 〈1 0 0〉 orientation were used as starting material. Porous Silicon layers with a porosity of 57% and a thickness of 85 μm, fabricated by electrochemical anodisation, were differently dried, then the evolution of the wafer deflection has been followed with storage time in air. Thermal treatments both in inert and oxidant atmosphere have been performed up to 1000°C. The stress behaviour vs. temperature allows to estimate the hydrogen desorption activation energy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009621206749
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    Superlattices as Characterisation Tool for the Beginning of PS Formation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 373-376 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; superlattices ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Initial stage of porous silicon (PS) formation has been studied in an original way. Multilayer structures constituting of very thin layers of low porosity and thick layers of high porosity have been fabricated and characterised by optical tools and electron microscopy. The non linear behaviour resulting in a change in the dissolution velocity has been quantified by using a stack layer structure. Finally using thermal oxidation it has been shown that, due to the selective oxidation as a function of the porosity, porous silicon can be used to produce a Si/SiO2 like structure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009618517652
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    Laplacian Growth Models for Porous Silicon Formation—Stability Analysis (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 345-348 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; interface growth ; Laplacian growth ; linear stability analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We develop a Laplacian model of interface growth which includes basic features of the anodisation of silicon in hydrofluoric acid. Our aim is to find mechanisms for the characteristic properties of porous silicon formation, such as the transition from electropolishing to pore formation and the typical pore distance. The local etching rate of the interface between the semiconductor and the electrolyte is determined by the local current density. We model the diffusive transport of charge carriers in the semiconductor and of reactants in the electrolyte including the basic features of the electrochemical reaction at the interface. A linear stability analysis of a flat and planar interface is performed in order to study the initial state of pore formation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009630920378
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    Orientation Effect of the Wafer on the Structural Properties of P+ Type Porous Silicon Layers (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 357-361 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; X-ray diffraction ; differential scanning calorimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The structural properties of (111) oriented p+ type Porous Silicon (PS) samples are investigated using various X-ray diffraction techniques and compared to (001) p+ type PS layer structure. High resolution X-ray diffractometry was used to record rocking curves and reciprocal space maps, giving indications about the crystalline quality of the PS samples as well as about the pore orientation. X-ray diffraction and reflectivity performed on thin PS layers allow to estimate the layer thickness, porosity and roughness of the PS/substrate interface.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009691122195
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    AC Conductivity of Porous Silicon from Monte Carlo Simulations (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 107-110 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; conductivity ; percolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The AC conductivity of a percolation model with local energetical disorder for porous Silicon in three dimensions, σ(ω), is studied by Monte Carlo simulations. The model includes both diffusion and recombination processes and σ(ω) is obtained by a Fourier transform of the mean-square displacement of the carriers, where hopping diffusion of a single type of carrier (either an electron or an exciton) and two types of carriers (an electron and a hole) are considered. It is found that at low temperatures, the behavior of σ(ω) depends sensitively on the type of carrier considered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009678502689
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    Porous Semiconductor Micropatterns Formed on Focussed Ion Beam Implants (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 233-237 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; integrated optics ; wave guides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this work we report a principle that allows one to write visible light emitting silicon patterns of arbitrary shape down to the sub-micrometer scale. We demonstrate that porous Si growth can electrochemically be initiated preferentially at surface defects created in an n-type Si substrate by Si++ ion bombardment. Using a focused ion beam (FIB) as a source of ions, arbitrary defect patterns can be written into a substrate. The growth of light emitting porous silicon is then selectively achieved by an electrochemical treatment which triggers Si dissolution only at these defect sites. The selectivity of the electrochemical dissolution reaction can be attributed to a facilitated Schottky barrier breakdown at the implanted surface defects which leads to the desired pore formation in confined surface areas.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009655324979
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    Electroluminescence from Porous Silicon Studied Experimentally (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 267-270 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; photoluminescence ; electroluminescence ; band structure ; experimental
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Electroluminescence, photoluminescence, and current-voltage measurements have been carried out on a series of samples consisting of porous silicon on top of crystalline silicon. The electroluminescence spectral distributions are markedly shifted towards long wavelengths in comparison to those seen with photoluminescence. The results are discussed and explained in terms of the energy-band structure of porous silicon. The problem of injecting electrons as well as holes into the porous silicon layer is pointed out and discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009675829522
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    Self-consistent Recombination Scheme in Porous Silicon Under Intense Laser Excitation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 315-318 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; nonradiative ; radiative recombination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An experimental investigation of the general characteristics of nonradiative and radiative recombination of charge carriers in strongly excited porous silicon is presented. It is shown that photoconductivity, photomagnetoelectric effect, quantum yield, and intensity of visible radiation of porous silicon demonstrates strong nonlinearities against laser excitation intensity. It is suggested that the band-to-band Auger recombination is dominant similar to that in crystalline silicon, whereas the visible luminescence is determined by the bimolecular process. The nonequilibrium density of charge carriers Δn ≈ 1019 cm−3, and the bimolecular radiative recombination coefficient Brad ≤ 9 × 10−14 cm3/s have been found.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009669122679
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    Structural Changes of Porous Silicon Surface with Thermal Annealing Studied by 29Si Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 327-330 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; thermal annealing ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; infrared spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and infrared spectra were measured for as-prepared and annealed porous silicon (PS) samples to characterize the change of PS structure. Annealing changed the infrared spectra remarkably: after 4-h annealing, the signals due to SiH2 disappeared and the intensity of the signals due to SiH decreased. On the other hand, the 29Si NMR spectra with magic-angle spinning (MAS) were not much affected by the annealing. The linewidth of spectra without MAS, however, increased with annealing time with the peak location unchanged. Annealing caused hydrogen on the PS surface to be desorbed, especially in the case of SiH2 species, and (SiH)2 dimer structure was produced during the annealing.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009677332673
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    Investigations of Activation Energy of Porous Silicon Oxidation Using Calorimetric Methods (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 335-338 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; oxidation ; calorimeter ; desorption ; activation energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of porous silicon has been studied using differential scanning calorimeter. The oxidation was found to consist of two parts with different activation energies. This indicates the existence of two different reaction mechanism. The results from the hydrogen desorption measurements have been used to study the different oxidation behaviour of the n- and p+-type porous silicon. The results show that the dihydride structure dominates on the surface of the n-type porous silicon, contrary to p+-type porous silicon, where the monohydride is the major structure. Explanations of these features are discussed. Using the activation energy, the surface termination effects are investigated. The best improvement in the activation energy was observed in the sample, whose surface was partially stabilized by ammonium groups.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009674702631
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    Effect of Light Exposure and Ultrasound on the Formation of Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 381-383 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; microstructure ; infrared spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the effect of light exposure and ultrasonic (US) treatment on the formation of porous Si layers grown by electroless stain-etching technique. It was shown that; the He-Ne laser exposure resultedin a considerable increase in both the hydrogenation and the oxidation amounts in n-type Si, but a decrease in p-type wafers. The effect is attributable to effective change in the concentration of free hole carriers. The UV light exposure has led to the shift at the peak positions, indicating probably a change in bonding configuration, and increase in oxidation. Also, a correlation was established between the ultrasonic treatment and the microstructure. The US treated samples exhibit a decrease in hydrogenation and oxidation. UV exposure together with the US has led to a further decrease in both hydrogen and oxygen amounts, which was rather indicative of an excessive surface etching.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009687021287
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    Photoluminescence Decay and Hydrogen Desorption of n-Type Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 385-388 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: hydrogen desorption ; photoluminescence decay ; porous silicon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The decay under illumination of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity ofn-type porous silicon (PS) samples prepared by electrochemical etching has been investigated. We have found that the PL evolution with illumination time presents two different stages: an initial very fast decay which lasts ∼300 s, followedby a second one, much slower, which extends for times longer than 104 s. Thisevolution suggests that two different mechanisms could be responsible for the PLintensity decay. Samples subjected to different illumination times were studied byThermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS). The desorption rate of H2 and SiHx species was monitored during linear heating of the samples. A qualitative correlationbetween the decay of the PL intensity under illumination and the amount of H2 and SiHx species evolved from the illuminated samples has been observed. Experimentaldata suggest that H2 could be desorbed from the sample during the illuminationtime through a photoinduced H2 desorption process, inducing the decrease of the PLintensity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009647307174
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    An Investigation of Porous Silicon by Means of Positron Annihilation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 323-326 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: positron annihilation ; porous silicon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Positron lifetime spectroscopy has been used to investigate a porous silicon film subjected to heat treatments up to 1170°C. Annealings between 300 and 500°C resulted in a 17% mass increase of the film due to oxygen uptake following the effusion of hydrogen. The positron data also indicate that vacancy clusters are formed in the silicon oxide layer or the silicon oxide—silicon interface surrounding the nanocrystallites as oxygen replaces the effusing hydrogen. The vacancy cluster concentration, which may have a bearing on the photoluminescent properties, increased by a factor of three with heating to 500°C and then decreased to one-third the original value at higher temperatures. Above 900°C vacancy migration and clustering occurred, accompanied by visible deterioration of the film.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009625307658
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    Study on the Si–Si Vibrational States of the Near Surface Region of Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 339-343 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; infrared spectroscopy ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The Si–Si vibrational states near the surface region of porous silicon has been characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) due to its enlarged surface area. By means of anodic etch and oxidization experiments, two Si–Si vibration modes of porous silicon have been identified as near the surface regions and in the bulk, respectively. The intensity of absorption peak at 620 cm−1, which originates from the Si–Si bonds vibrations on the surface and near surface regions of porous silicon, is found to vary depending on the length of etch and degree of oxidation of porous silicon, which exists before etching and is recovered again after fully oxidation. The peak of 610 cm−1 doesn't change throughout the oxidation experiment, and to be assigned for Si–Si bond vibrations in the bulk. With an extra irradiation of Nd:Yag laser on the PS sample the Raman and FTIR spectra reveal a red shift. These results can give an interpretation to explain the different phenomenon of Si–Si vibrations of Raman and FTIR spectroscopy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009622601723
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    Laser Structuring of Luminescent Porous Silicon During Etching (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 367-371 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; luminescence ; light assisted chemical etching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A new approach to the problem of preparation of laterally structured luminescent porous silicon is proposed. The effect is based on the photosensitivity of chemical etching of silicon. Contrary to the other technique recently reported where the porous layer was modified with light assisted chemical dissolution, a one stage anodisation-free process is used. Any desired lateral structure can be produced, depending on the illumination pattern, which is defined by optical imaging. A 2D micro-array was prepared as an example of this fast mask-free technology with an accuracy of 5 μm. Samples have a broadband visible photoluminescence centred at 680 nm when illuminated with UV or blue light. The results are analysed to determine the possible achievable accuracy of the technique and to improve our understanding of the mechanism of light assisted etching.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009695223104
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    Raman Scattering from Metal-Deposited Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 397-400 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; Raman spectroscopy ; immersion plating ; silver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Raman scattering from porous silicon layer into which silver is immersion-plated was studied. Ag-deposited samples show extra Raman bands. Heat treatment of the Ag-deposited samples results in a great decrease in such Raman bands. Also dipping in hydrofluoric acid solution causes a spectral change. Some comments on the assignment of the Raman peaks of the Ag-deposited porous silicon are given, and the structure of porous silicon on which metal is immersion-plated is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009603524921
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    A Systematic Study of Synchrotron Light Induced Luminescence from Porous Silicon: Implications to Morphology and Chemical Effect Dependent Electronic Behaviour (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 165-168 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; photoluminescence ; synchrotron radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Using synchrotron as a tunable excitation source, we have carried out a study on the photoluminescence systematics from a series of porous silicon samples prepared under different conditions, Luminescence spectra were recorded with excitation photon energies tuned to the Si L3,2 absorption edge (∼100 eV). The luminescence yield was in turn used to monitor the Si L3,2-edge absorption characteristics of porous silicon. A trend of luminescence wavelength and intensity as a function of preparation conditions emerges. Other related observations are also noted.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009618216802
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    Nature of the Silicon-Animal Cell Interface (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 191-195 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: cell growth ; porous silicon ; cytotoxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The paper reports the results of the study of cell culture growth at the surface of porous silicon. They show that porous and poly(nano)crystalline Si offer significant advantages over bulk Si surfaces for cell adherence and viability: these materials do not require coating with substances such as polylysine to support cell growth; porous Si is light-addressable because of photoluminescence and photovoltaic effects noted [Unal and Bayliss, J. Appl. Phys. 80, 3532 (1996)], allowing the potential for optical data transfer and less susceptibility to interference from external electronic equipment; finally nanostructured coatings can be applied to most object shapes, giving flexibility in their application.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009686704506
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    Light Emission from Highly Reflective Porous Silicon Multilayer Structures (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 209-213 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; superlattices ; photoluminescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Porous silicon photoluminescence and electroluminescence can be controlled by periodically modulating the material porosity to form high quality multilayer stacks and microcavities. Important issues not yet fully addressed are (a) the precise role played by this microstructuring, given that the luminescence is distributed throughout the entire structure and that the low porosity layers are highly absorbing at short wavelengths, and (b) whether the quality of such microcavities could be sufficient to support lasing. Using both experimental and theoretical techniques, the emission and reflection properties of different porous silicon single and multilayer structures have been investigated in order to understand further and exploit the nature of light propagation within them.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009694906324
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    Formation of Porous Silicon Filter Structures with Different Properties on Small Areas (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 223-225 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; patterning ; photolythography dielectric filters ; reactive ion etching (RIE) ; microoptics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Porous silicon (PS) layer systems have a broad range of possible applications. An advantage is the good control of the refractive index and the etch rate of the layers by the applied current density and the time respectively. For micro-optical devices you need patterned PS. For some optical devices it is not sufficient to have only one filter but it is necessary to form filters with different properties on a small area. We applied a method (M. Frank, U.B. Schallenberg, N. Kaiser, and W. Buß, in Conference on Miniaturized Systems with Microoptics and Micromechanics, edited by M.E. Moamedi, L.J. Hornbeck, and K.S.J. Pister (SPIE, San Jose, 1997), SPIE Proceedings Series 3008, p. 265) to PS which fits this goal by the following steps: fabrication of the desired reflectors below each other and partial removal of upper reflectors with reactive ion etching (RIE). The technological aspects of patterning PS after the fabrication are an important topic of this work. Problems are discussed in detail and solutions are given.
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    Probing Carrier Transport in Porous Silicon with Synchrotron Radiation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 115-118 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; synchrotron radiation ; coulomb blocade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we demonstrate that photo-electron emission excited by X-UV synchrotron radiation can be used as a “contactless” probe of the gross conduction processes in porous silicon. Moreover we demonstrate that this approach reveals the underlying conduction geometry. We show that conduction in porous silicon is to some degree controlled by percolation phenomena and finally present data which support the notion that the fundamental blocking process may be Coulomb Blockade [P.A. Lee, Physica B 189, 1–5 (1993); D. Ali and H. Ahmed, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 2119–2120 (1994)].
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009667627705
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    Porous Silicon Studied with Time-Resolved Photoluminescence (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 263-266 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; time-resolved photoluminescence ; decays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Porous silicon has been studied with time-resolved photoluminescence, and growth as well as decay curves have been measured at several detection energies, with sample temperatures between 10 and 300 K. In the decay curves, three components are mainly observed, a small one which is very fast, with time scales of the order of nanoseconds or faster, the main component having time scales of the order of milliseconds, and a very small, very slow component, with time scales of the order of seconds. The main components can in most—but not all—cases be fitted well with stretched exponentials containing two fitting parameters. Of these, it comes out that the parameter accounting for disorder or the like depends only little upon detection energy and temperature, whereas the parameter accouting for the development in time decreases substantially for increasing temperature. The results are discussed.
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    Optical Absorption in Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 279-282 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; optical absorption ; theoretical modelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The optical properties of porous silicon (p-Si) are calculated from the electronic band structure obtained by means of an sp3s* tight-binding Hamiltonian and a supercell model, in which the pores are columns detched in crystalline silicon (c-Si). The disorder in the pore sizes and the undulation of the silicon wires are considered by the existence of arandom perturbative potential, which produces non-vertical interband transitions, otherwise forbidden. A typical interval around each k-vector (optical window), where non-vertical transitions make an important contribution, depends on the value of the disorder and its order of magnitude is given by l−1, where l is the localization length. The calculated absorption spectra are compared with experiments, showing good agreement.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009684131340
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    Cathodoluminescence from Implanted and Anodized Polycrystalline Silicon Films (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 291-294 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: nanocrystalline silicon ; porous silicon ; cathodoluminescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Luminescence emission of LPCVD polycrystalline silicon films has been studied by cathodoluminescence (CL) in the scanning electron microscope. As-deposited films show visible luminescence with dominant blue band. The relative intensity of blue emission is enhanced by implantation and by slight anodization treatments. Our investigations are consistent with previous PL results and indicate that the origin of blue emission is related to quantum confinement effects. On the other hand, the effect of annealing in these samples is a reduction of the CL signal that could be related to the increase of the nanocrystals size.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009644401297
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    The Energy-Band Structure of Porous Silicon Studied with Photoluminescence Excitation and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 173-176 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; photoacoustic spectroscopy ; energy band
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Porous silicon has been studied with photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation, and photoacoustic spectroscopy. From the luminescence data, an energy-level diagram related to the luminescence is constructed. The diagram is confirmed in detail by the photoacoustic spectra. The results are discussed with the conclusion that they are in good agreement with the surface-band oxyhydride-like emitter, which recently has been established as the source for the photoluminescence from porous silicon.
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    Raman Light Scattering in System of Oriented Wires in Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 275-278 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; Raman spectroscopy ; morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Raman-light scattering in porous silicon samples with oriented quantum wires was studied. It was shown, that the experimental data depends on the type of organization of wire system. The explanation of observed effect is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009632114501
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    Sensitivity of Porous Silicon Photoluminescence to Low Concentrations of CH4 and CO (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 287-290 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; sensors ; gas absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we report the sensitivity of porous silicon photoluminescence (PL) to diluted mixtures of methane and carbon monoxide in synthetic air. We also investigate the separate effect of synthetic air, purified nitrogen and relative humidity on both photoluminescence and conductance (G). Porous silicon samples have been prepared from n-type silicon substrates. We find that PL intensity and G decrease in synthetic air with respect to their values in N2. Presence of carbon monoxide reduces the PL intensity while methane provokes the opposite behaviour. The dependence of the PL spectra on methane and carbon monoxide concentrations has been investigated. The observed effects can be related to gas induced modifications in porous surface and suggest that porous silicon can be employed in gas sensor technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009640316318
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    Studies on Gold/Porous Silicon/Crystalline Silicon Junctions (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 299-301 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; Schottky emission ; photoluminescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Electrical transport in Gold/porous silicon/crystalline silicon junctions has been studied. The junctions are found to improve when the porous silicon is exposed to a hydrogen plasma before depositing the top metal. The hydrogen passivated junctions exhibited higher current levels and emitted light at lower voltages as compared to the unhydrogenated ones. Internal photoemission measurements were carried out to investigate the gold/porous silicon barrier. The barrier height determined from the Fowler plot is independent of the top material. The temperature dependence of the barrier height is similar to that of the crystalline silicon energy gap.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009604703115
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    Electrochemical Aspects of Porous Silicon Formation (2000)
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    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 11-16 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; kinetics electrochemistry ; etching ; surface analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The electrochemistry of porous silicon formation has been investigated by different electrochemical as well as surface analytical methods. The kinetics of pore nucleation was observed as small steps in fast current and potential pulse transients. Oxidic intermediates were identified by ex-situ XPS. Cyclic voltammetry in solutions of different HF concentration was correlated with the etching rate of silicon dioxide. On the basis of these experimental data, an electrochemical model for the porous silicon formation is presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009667411891
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    Contactless Characterization of Porous Silicon Structures by Four-Wave Mixing and Microwave Techniques (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 303-306 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; four-wave mixing ; microwave harmonics generation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We apply optical contactless techniques, namely the four-wave-mixing and microwave harmonics generation for the characterization of nanocrystalline free-standing films and platelets of microcrystalline porous silicon. We observe (i) full carrier localization and significant lifetime shortening in free-standing films, which is thought to be a manifestation of their low-dimensional confinement, (ii) increased carrier lifetime in microcrystalline porous silicon, presumably originating from passivated surface states at the surface of pores.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009660820862
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    Towards the Morphology Control of Stain Etched Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 407-410 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; stain etching ; morphology ; HREM ; reflectance spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Porous silicon films, nearly 100 nm thick, were produced by stain etching of n+-type silicon substrates. The films were studied by a non-destructive technique: dielectric function profiles were deduced by spectral reflectance via a finite difference model, and porosity was computed by the Effective Medium Approximation. The obtained information, combined with High Resolution Electron Microscopy observations,provided a deeper insight on the relations among technological process, morphology and reflective properties. Our preliminary results outline the possibility to control the porosity profile as well the reflectance of the porous films via the oxidising species concentration in the stain etching solution.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009607725830
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    In-Situ Surface-Roughness Measurements during the Preparation of Chemically Etched Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 47-49 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: stain etching ; porous silicon ; neutron reflection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We have monitored the stain-etching of silicon in real time using neutron reflection. The etching process does not occur uniformly with time and possible dynamics of the process is under consideration. Distinct irregularities are produced on the PS surface and some gas bubbling from the cell is observed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009638504564
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    Localized Photo-Assisted Electro-Deposition of Zinc Selenide into p-Type Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 77-80 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; ZnSe ; electrochemical deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Electroplating of II-VI semiconductors like ZnSe into porous silicon can be an efficient and low cost method to fill the porous volume with a transparent and conductive material. With n-type porous layers, ZnSe impregnation is more effective near the sample surface because of reaction rate limitations due to diffusion in the electrolyte. In this paper, it is shown that the deposition of ZnSe into p-type porous silicon can be localized in the lower part of the porous layer if the reduction reaction rate is monitored by limiting the charge carrier supply. This can be done by controlling the power of the laser beam which photo-generates the carriers at the bottom of the pores. Studying the porous layer chemical composition by Auger electron spectroscopy confirms that the deposit is localized at the pore bottom, whereas the changes in the chemical composition of the porous silicon surface are analyzed by infra-red spectroscopy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009611225946
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    AC Impedance Study of Porous Silicon Aging in HF Solution (2000)
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    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 97-101 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: AC impedance ; porous silicon ; residual moisture ; aging effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The present work aims to study the AC impedance of porous silicon films left in the contact with the anodizing bath after their growth is over. It is shown that the layers grown at p-type silicon experience noticeable changes of their impedance behavior resulting in the gradual growth of electrical resistance of the p-PS layer. This change is assumed to be related with the deposition of a passive layer at the pore bottoms associated with reabsorption of dissolved Si-containing material from the electrolyte. The layers formed at n-Si also show changes of the electrical impedance, although they are much more complicated than in the previous case (dependence of the kinetics of changes on the polarization current and polarization time, presence of the inductive loops at the impedance spectra, etc.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009619415893
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    New EXAFS Measurements by XEOL and TEY on Porous Silicon (2000)
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    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 169-172 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: EXAFS ; XEOL ; porous silicon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Results of an EXAFS investigation on porous Silicon carried out by X-ray Excited Optical Luminescence (XEOL) and Total Electron Yield (TEY) techniques, at the Si K absorption edge, are reported. For the first time XEOL spectra of porous silicon have been recorded in a wide energy range (1800–2500 eV) and EXAFS signals have been singled out from them. Simultaneous TEY and XEOL measurements yield to different results: in particular TEY-EXAFS is sensitive up to the third coordination shell of Si, while XEOL-EXAFS reveals only the contributions of the first two coordination shells; moreover they show a different dependence on changes of the etching parameters. This evidences the sensitivity of XEOL technique to the local structure of the quantum confined luminescent sites. The dependence of the light emission properties on the main preparation parameters and their influence on the short-range structure of red and yellow porous silicon samples are also investigated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009622417710
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    An Investigation into Silane Evolution from Porous Silicon by Temperature Programmed Desorption Method (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 187-190 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; temperature programmed desorption ; FTIR ; silane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The gaseous species desorbed from porous silicon (PS) were investigated using the method of temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Silicon wafers (25–50 Ω cm, p−, FZ) were anodised in 40% HF and HF/C2H5OH electrolytes. The PS samples were linearly heated at 1.5 K s−1 using a custom built heating unit in a oil-free pump backed vacuum chamber at a base pressure of 〈10−8 torr. A quadrupole mass spectrometer, which was used as the detector, was fitted in line of sight of the sample at a distance of about 6 mm. It was observed that silane was liberated during the heating of porous silicon samples produced from both electrolytes. The peak temperature at which this occurred was at 570 ± 10 K. This temperature coincides with the temperature of silicon-silicon bond breakage in ≡Si–SiH3 groups on the pore walls, as shown by the FTIR results. It is proposed that silane formation involves the reaction of the Si-silyl group with moisture: ≡Si–SiH3 + H2O → ≡Si–OH + SiH4.
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    Electrical Control of the Reflectance of Porous Silicon Layers (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 205-208 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; oxidation ; liquid crystal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we demonstrate the filling of porous silicon (PS) layers with liquid crystals (LC's) in order to control the reflectance electrically. The preparation of PS and the choice of the right group of LC's will be presented. Especially an oxidation of PS is necessary so that the methods and parameters of oxidation will also be discussed. As a first result the increasing and decreasing of the thickness oscillations in the reflectance as a function of the applied voltage can be observed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009642922253
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    Porous Silicon Micromachining to Position Optical Fibres in Silicon Integrated Optical Circuits (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 227-231 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; micromachining ; localised anodisation ; fibre positioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Low-loss optical fibre connections require deep grooves etched in silicon substrate for accurate fibre positioning. As shown in this paper these grooves can be obtained by using localised formation of porous silicon on patterned substrates. Cr-Au masking layer with a duration in HF solution longer than 30 min is used to fabricate grooves with a depth higher than 75 μm. N+-type silicon provides grooves with a pseudo-V shape which is compatible with accurate fibre alignment. By using this technology, arrays of optical fibres are positioned with an accuracy higher than 1 μm.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009603308141
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    Optical Waveguides Fabricated from Oxidised Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 243-246 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; oxidation ; refractive index ; optical waveguide ; optical losses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Further results on the optical properties of oxidised porous silicon as a function of porosity and oxidation conditions are presented in this paper. The refractive index varies logarithmically with the oxidation time irrespective of the porosity of the sample and the oxidation temperature. Burried waveguides have been realised from as-prepared and oxidised porous silicon. Optical losses of 18 dB cm−1 at λ = 1.3 μm have been obtained after oxidation at 800°C for 35 min.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009659409958
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    Novel Structures for Porous Silicon Light-Emitting Diodes (2000)
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    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 119-123 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; light-emitting diode ; series resistance ; external quantum efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, two novel structures of porous silicon (PS) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are proposed aiming at the reduction of series resistance, Rs. The basic idea of the novel structures is to suppress the excessive growth of nanoporous silicon (nano-PS) layer that is electroluminescence- (EL-) active but highly resistive. The initial wafer of the first structure consists of a lightly-doped layer stacked on a highly-doped substrate. As a consequence of anodization, nano-PS layer is formed only in the lightly-doped layer, while meso-PS layer with moderate resistivity is formed in the highly-doped substrate. The second structure consists of alternately stacked nano- and meso-PS layers, since it is expected that multiple thin nano-PS layers connected in series are less resistive than a single thick nano-PS layer. Preliminary experimental results proved the effectiveness of these novel structures on the reduction of Rs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009671728614
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    The Electrical Band-Gap Energy of Porous Silicon Measured Versus Sample Temperature (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 271-273 
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    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; photoconductivity ; energy band gap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Photocurrent measurements have been carried out on a series of samples consisting of porous silicon on top of crystalline silicon, in the temperature range 10–300 K. From the experimental data set, the electrical band-gap energy of porous silicon is deduced to be (1.80 ± 0.01) eV, independent of sample temperature. The results are discussed with the conclusion that for the samples studied here, the electrical bandgap in porous silicon is of molecular nature and cannot be related to quantum-confinement properties of nanocrystals of elemental silicon.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009679930431
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    Tosyiate of ethyl 3-amino-2-phenyliodoniocrotonate: Synthesis, crystal structure, and synthesis of heterocyclic compounds based on it (2000)
    Springer
    Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds 36 (2000), S. 672-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8353
    Keywords: aminocrotonate ester ; pyridinium salts ; phenyliodonium salts ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ethyl 3-aminocrotonate, when reacted with hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodobenzene, forms the tosylate of ethyl 3-amino-2-phenyliodoniocrotonate which crystallizes well in up to 80% yield. X-ray analysis confirms the structure of the phenyliodonium salt, revealing intramolecular and unusual intermolecular hydrogen bonds, stabilizing the compound in the crystalline state. Reaction with pyridine, its 4-substituted derivatives, and 4,4′-bipyridine yields tosylates of 2-pyridinio-substituted ethyl 3-aminocrotonates.1H NMR and IR spectra support formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond for the E-isomer, and iodonium salts in the case of pyridinium salts for the Z-isomer. The UV spectra of the pyridinium salts show an intramolecular charge transfer band.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02297675
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    Blue Photoluminescence of Oxidized Films of Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied spectroscopy 67 (2000), S. 852-856 
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    ISSN: 1573-8647
    Keywords: porous silicon ; photoluminescence spectrum ; photoexcitation spectrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is found that the films of n +-type porous silicon of low (10–50%) porosity exhibit photoluminescence in the region 400–500 nm after a 5-month storage in an air atmosphere. The spectrum of blue photoluminescence of the least porous but strongly oxidized films has maxima at 417, 435, and 465 nm. The same spectrum structure manifests itself upon the introduction of an Er3+- and Yb3+-containing complex. The mechanisms of blue photoluminesence are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004163700281
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    Solid-State Supramolecular Chemistry of Porphyrins. Ligand-Bridged Tetraphenylmetalloporphyrin Dimers (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 37 (2000), S. 219-230 
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    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: porphyrin complexes and clathrates ; coordination oligomers ; supramolecular chemistry ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Eight new crystalline materialsbased on ligand-bridged dimers of either Zn(II)- orCo(II)-tetraphenylporphyrins have been prepared andcharacterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. These supramolecular entities have a ``wheel-and-axle'' typeshape, the elongated bidentate ligands1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 4,4'-bipyridyl, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene or1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane coordinating axially on bothsides to the metal centers of the porphyrin species. They vary from one another by the length of the ligandspacer, the distance between the two porphyrincomponents ranging from 9.4 Å to 14.0 Å. Theintermolecular organization in these structures ischaracterized by a similar chain motif in whichadjacent oligomeric units interlock into one another. In spite of the steric constraint imposed by thebridging ligand, this packing preserves the typicalcorrugated stacked arrangement of the porphyrinframeworks which has been commonly observed inclathrates of monomeric tetraarylporphyrins. It alsoinduces in most cases large voids between theinterlocked motifs, causing enclathration of solventmolecules in the crystal lattice. The experimentallyestablished geometries of these oligomers and theircrystal packing modes provide useful information forfurther crystal engineering efforts of polymericmultiporphyrin domains.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008118119529
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    Synthesis, Structure, and Superconductivity of (La1.5Pb0.5−xSrx)CuOz (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 13 (2000), S. 121-128 
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    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: superconductivity ; crystal structure ; magnetization ; 214
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The substitution of strontium for lead in the material (La1.5Pb0.5−x Sr x )CuO z , x = 0–0.15 has been carried out. A stable and reproducible single phased superconducting materials can be obtained inside an evacuated quartz tube. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the superconducting phase can be indexed on the basis of an orthorhombic symmetry (F mmm) for x = 0 and on the basis of tetragonal symmetry (I 4/mmm) for x 〉 0. The transition temperature T c increases as the strontium substitution parameter x increases. We observed the maximal T c around x = 0.15 with 38 K with fairly large Meissner volume fraction of 38% (FC).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007790512982
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