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  • Organic Chemistry  (5,491)
  • Physics  (2,571)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (2,556)
  • 42.75
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
  • 2000-2004  (41)
  • 1970-1974  (9,933)
  • 1950-1954  (2,123)
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  • 1
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    A new species of Allobracon Gahan (Braconidae: Hormiinae) from Brazil, and the first record of green Hormiinae (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.78, 1-16 (2004) p.241
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-03
    Description: A new species of the genus Allobracon Gahan, 1915, from Brazil is described and illustrated. It is the first green species of the genus and of the subfamily known. A key to the species is added.
    Keywords: Allobracon ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Hormiinae ; Brazil ; neotropical ; new species ; key ; green pigmentation ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 2
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    Revision of the genus Paratropus Gerstaecker (Coleoptera: Histeridae). II. Supplement (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.78, 1-16 (2004) p.181
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-18
    Description: A supplement to the “Revision of the genus Paratropus Gerstaecker” (Kanaar, 1997) is given. Additional faunistic data are presented. The following four new species are described and figured: P. angulifrons (Malaysia: Sabah), P. strigosus (Cameroon, Ghana), P. tenuis (Indonesia: Sumatra) and P. transvalensis (South Africa: Transvaal).
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Histeridae ; Paratropus ; Termitophiles ; Myrmecophiles ; Africa ; Oriental region ; new species ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 3
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    A new species of Phaenocarpa Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) from Brazil (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.78, 1-16 (2004) p.123
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-18
    Description: A new species of the genus Phaenocarpa Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae: Alysiini) from the Atlantic rainforest in Brazil is described and illustrated.
    Keywords: Braconidae ; Alysiinae ; Alysiini ; Phaenocarpa ; Neotropical ; Brazil ; atlantic forest ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 4
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    Notes on the genus Mama Belokobylskij (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae), and on the use of monotype taxa (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.78, 18-28 (2004) p.451
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-18
    Description: The genus Mama Belokobylskij, 2000 (Braconidae; Euphorinae) is re-assessed and the type species is compared with three similar species: Microctonus cephalicus Provancher, 1886, Microctonus reclinator Ruthe, 1856, and Euphorus spiniscapus Muesebeck, 1936. The results are discussed in relation to the use of taxa based on one specimen (“monotype taxa”). Problems concerning our knowledge of important groups of Euphorinae are outlined. The context of the peculiarly tangled taxonomical situation, which this paper deals with, is considered to be widespread in parasitoid taxonomy, and should be borne in mind in current studies of parasitoid biodiversity assessment.
    Keywords: Mama Belokobylskij ; Microctonus cephalicus Provancher ; Euphorus spiniscapus Muesebeck ; Microctonus reclinator Ruthe ; monotypic genera ; monotype taxa ; biodiversity ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 5
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    Two new species of Pambolus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Pambolinae) from Argentina (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.78, 18-28 (2004) p.337
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-18
    Description: Two new species of the genus Pambolus Haliday, 1836, (P. leponcei spec. nov., and P. pilcomayensis spec. nov.; Braconidae: Pambolinae) from Argentina are described and illustrated.
    Keywords: Braconidae ; Pambolinae ; Pambolus ; Neotropical ; Argentina ; new species ; partial key ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 6
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    Bitomoides gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae) from Europe (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.78, 18-28 (2004) p.331
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-18
    Description: Bitomoides gen. nov. (type species: Bitomus latus Papp, 1999) is described and illustrated. In addition Phaedrotoma recondes spec. nov. and Chelonus lukasi nom. nov. are validated.
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Opiinae ; Bitomoides ; Orientopius ; Opius ; Phaedrotoma ; Microchelonus ; Chelonus ; Palaearctic ; Europe ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 7
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    In memoriam Dirk Noordam (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Verhandelingen vol.346 (2004) p.1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-22
    Keywords: Dirk Noordam ; in memoriam ; bibliography ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 8
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    A new species of the genus Aleiodes Wesmael from New Zealand (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.78, 18-28 (2004) p.301
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-18
    Description: A new species of the genus Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838 (Braconidae: Rogadinae: Rogadini), A. declanae spec. nov. from New Zealand is described and illustrated. It has been reared from Declana floccosa Walker, Cleora scriptaria (Walker), Pseudocoremia suavis Butler and P. fenerata Felder & Rogenhofer (Geometridae: Ennominae.
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Rogadinae ; Aleiodes ; New Zealand ; Australasian ; Oriental ; East Palaearctic ; new species ; distribution ; partial key ; Geometridae ; Ennominae ; Declana floccosa ; Pseudo-coremia suavis ; Pseudocoremia fenerata ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 9
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    Goellneriana deckerti gen. nov. & spec. nov. (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae: Macrocephalini) from Namibia, with a review of the Afrotropical ambush bugs (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.78, 1-16 (2004) p.147
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-03
    Description: Goellneriana deckerti gen. nov. & spec. nov. (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae: Macrocephalini) from Namibia is described and illustrated. Keys to the tribes and to the Afrotropical genera and species of the subfamily Phymatinae are included, a checklist and a distribution map of the Afrotropical ambush bugs is added.
    Keywords: Insecta ; Heteroptera ; Reduviidae ; Phymatinae ; Goellneriana deckerti ; new genus ; new species ; Namibia ; list of Afrotropical Phymatinae ; distribution ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 10
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    New species of the genera Megischus Brullé and Stephanus Jurine from China (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea: Stephanidae), with a key to world species of the genus Stephanus (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.78, 1-16 (2004) p.101
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-18
    Description: Three new species of the genera Megischus Brullé and Stephanus Jurine from China (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea: Stephanidae) are described, illustrated and keyed. Megischus ptosimae Chao, 1964, from Fujian is redescribed and the specimen from India described as M. ptosimae Chao by van Achterberg (2002) is renamed as M. alveolifer spec. nov. and the Malaysian specimen of M. ducalis Westwood listed by van Achterberg (2002) is described as M. ducaloides spec. nov. M. ducalis Westwood, 1851, is reported for the first time from Cambodia, which is the first report after its description. A key to world species of the genus Stephanus is provided.
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Stephanoidea ; Stephanidae ; Megischus ; Stephanus ; China ; Oriental ; Palaearctic ; new species ; keys ; Buprestidae ; Cerambycidae ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 11
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    Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Taractrocera Butler, 1870 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), an example of Southeast Asian-Australian interchange (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.78, 18-28 (2004) p.383
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-18
    Description: The genus Taractrocera is distributed throughout the Oriental and Australian Regions. It contains 16 species, of which two, T. fusca and T. trikora, are described as new in this paper. All species are briefly characterized and the new species are described in full. The phylogeny of the genus is inferred, based on an analysis of morphological and genital characters, both of males and females. The biogeography of the genus is discussed in relation to the phylogeny. The genus has an Australian origin. After some diversification in Australia it dispersed into Asia, in or before the Miocene. It dispersed in the reverse direction, probably before the late-Miocene emergence of the Banda Arc and the Moluccas, 5-6 Mya. Three species are adapted to high altitude, one in the Himalayas and two in New Guinea. Apparently the adaptations occurred independently in the two areas. In New Guinea the high altitude species may have simply been carried up by the Pleistocene and recent uplift of the mountains. Possibly helped by the lowering of the sea-level several times during the Pleistocene, one Australian species colonized some of the Lesser Sunda Islands relatively recently.
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Hesperiidae ; Taractrocera ; systematics ; phylogeny ; biogeography ; Indo-australia ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 12
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    Neptihormius gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Hormiinae), a parasitoid of Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from New Zealand (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.78, 18-28 (2004) p.291
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-18
    Description: Neptihormius gen. nov. (type species Neptihormius stigmellae spec. nov. from New Zealand) is described and illustrated. It is a parasitoid of Nepticulidae and the first record of Nepticulidae as host for a member of the subfamily Hormiinae and of basal cyclostome Braconidae.
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Hormiinae ; Neptihormius ; New Zealand ; new genus ; new species ; Australasian ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 13
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    New Indo-Australian subgenera and species of the genera Xynobius Foerster and Ademoneuron Fischer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae) (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.78, 18-28 (2004) p.313
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-18
    Description: Two new subgenera of the genus Xynobius Foerster, 1862, from the Southern Hemisphere are described and illustrated: Paraxynobius (type species Xynobius granulatus spec. nov. from New Zealand), and Sulcynobius (type species X. latisulcus spec. nov. from Sulawesi). One new species of the genus Ademoneuron Fischer, 1988, is added: A. yasirae spec. nov. from Indonesia (Halmahera).
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Opiinae ; Xynobius ; Paraxynobius ; Sulcynobius ; Atormus ; Ademoneuron ; New Zealand ; Indonesia ; Sulawesi ; Halmahera ; new subgenus ; new species ; Australian ; Wallacean ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 14
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    Venom gland and reservoir morphology of the genus Pseudoyelicones van Achterberg, Penteado-Dias & Quicke (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) and implications for relationships (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.78, 1-16 (2004) p.119
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-18
    Description: The venom apparatus of Pseudoyelicones nigriscutum van Achterberg, 1997 (Braconidae: Rogadinae) is described and illustrated. The venom apparatus morphology of Pseudoyelicones is closely related to that of Bulborogas van Achterberg. Therefore, we propose a sister group relationship between these two genera.
    Keywords: Pseudoyelicones ; venom apparatus ; Bulborogas ; Yelicones ; phylogeny ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 15
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    Revison of the Euagathis species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae) from Wallacea and Papua (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.78, 1-16 (2004) p.1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-18
    Description: The species of the genus Euagathis Szépligeti, 1900 (Braconidae: Agathidinae) from Wallacea and Papua (including Northeast Australia and Solomon Islands) are revised and keyed. Thirty-three species are recognized, of which 11 are new: Euagathis brevitibialis spec. nov. from Papua New Guinea; E. dejongi spec. nov. from Indonesia (Sulawesi); E. fuscistigma spec. nov. from Papua New Guinea; E. kendariensis spec. nov. from Indonesia (Sulawesi); E. maculata spec. nov. from Papua New Guinea; E. mellifacies spec. nov. from Papua New Guinea (Bougainville Island); E. mellisoma spec. nov. from Indonesia (Papua); E. minutoides spec. nov. from Indonesia (Sulawesi); E. novabritanica spec. nov. from Papua New Guinea (New Britain); E. raymondi spec. nov. from Indonesia (Papua); and E. toxopeusi spec. nov. from Indonesia (Papua). Euagathis maculipennoides nom. nov. is a new name for Euagathis maculipennis Szépligeti, 1902, not Brullé, 1846. Agathis etnaella Cameron, 1907, is a new synonym of Cremnops variceps (Cameron, 1907) and Euagathis papua Cameron, 1906, of E. novaguineensis Szépligeti, 1900. New combinations are: Biroia cameroni (Enderlein, 1920); Cremnops papuana (Cameron, 1907); C. varipilosella (Cameron, 1911); C. variceps (Cameron, 1907); and Zelomorpha maculipes (Cameron, 1911).
    Keywords: Braconidae ; Agathidinae ; Disophrini ; Euagathis ; key ; distribution ; synonyms ; Indo-Australian ; Oriental ; Sulawesi ; Moluccas ; New Guinea ; Papua ; Australia ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 16
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    Six new genera of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from China (2004)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.78, 1-16 (2004) p.77
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-03
    Description: Six new genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from China are described and illustrated: two genera of the subfamily Agathidinae: Facilagathis gen. nov. (type species: F. spinulata spec. nov.) and Cremnoptoides gen. nov. (type species: Cremnops pappi Sharkey, 1994); one genus of the subfamily Helconinae: Mangshia gen. nov. (type species: M. elongata spec. nov.); two genera of the subfamily Pambolinae: Plesiocedria gen. nov. (type species: P. intermediata spec. nov.) and Apocedria gen. nov. (type species: A. nodifer spec. nov.) and one genus belonging to the subfamily Opiinae: Opiolastes gen. nov. (type species: O. hei spec. nov.). In addition two new species are described: Facilagathis macrocentroides spec. nov. from Zhejiang and Cremnoptoides furcatus spec. nov. from Jilin.
    Keywords: Braconidae ; Agathidinae ; Agathidini ; Disophrini ; Helconinae ; Pambolinae ; Cedriini ; Pambolini ; Opiinae ; Opiini ; Facilagathis ; Cremnoptoides ; Mangshia ; Apocedria ; Plesiocedria ; Opiolastes ; key ; distribution ; Oriental ; Palaearctic ; China. ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 17
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    Living and nonliving matter (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stec, Boguslaw -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 2;305(5680):41-4; author reply 41-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Cells ; *Life ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Selection, Genetic ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 18
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    The scaling of animal space use (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: Space used by animals increases with increasing body size. Energy requirements alone can explain how population density decreases, but not the steep rate at which home range area increases. We present a general mechanistic model that predicts the frequency of interaction, spatial overlap, and loss of resources to neighbors. Extensive empirical evidence supports the model, demonstrating that spatial constraints on defense cause exclusivity of home range use to decrease with increasing body size. In large mammals, over 90% of available resources may be lost to neighbors. Our model offers a general framework to understand animal space use and sociality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jetz, Walter -- Carbone, Chris -- Fulford, Jenny -- Brown, James H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):266-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003, USA. wjetz@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Environment ; *Homing Behavior ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Breakthrough of the year. Scorecard 2003 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2012.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; Animals ; Biological Warfare ; Ecosystem ; Genome ; Information Dissemination ; Mars ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Publishing ; *Science ; Security Measures
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Breakthrough of the year. The runners-up (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2013-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Cloning, Organism ; DNA, Intergenic ; Genome ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Public Health ; *Science ; Water/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    Engineering peak performance (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, Adrian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):643-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286364" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomechanical Phenomena ; *Engineering ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Mechanics ; Physics ; Research Support as Topic ; *Sports ; *Sports Equipment ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
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    Profile: Rajan Gupta (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1281.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Career Choice ; Emigration and Immigration ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; India ; Physics ; Public Health ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 23
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    Ecology. Keeping an eye on the neighbors (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buskirk, Steven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):238-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. marten@uwyo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Environment ; *Homing Behavior ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Breakthrough of the year. The runners-up (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 19;302(5653):2039-45.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14700029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Climate ; Germ Cells/cytology/physiology ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/etiology/genetics ; Neoplasms/blood supply/drug therapy ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; RNA, Antisense ; *Science/trends ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Y Chromosome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Germany. Fraud investigations come up dry (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):150.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; Germany ; Neurosciences ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Publishing ; Research/*standards ; Research Support as Topic ; *Scientific Misconduct
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    New facilities. ITER tops DOE's list of next big science projects (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- Cho, Adrian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1126-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computers ; Facility Design and Construction ; Financing, Government ; Molecular Biology ; Nuclear Reactors ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 27
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    The aerodynamics of free-flight maneuvers in Drosophila (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: Using three-dimensional infrared high-speed video, we captured the wing and body kinematics of free-flying fruit flies as they performed rapid flight maneuvers. We then "replayed" the wing kinematics on a dynamically scaled robotic model to measure the aerodynamic forces produced by the wings. The results show that a fly generates rapid turns with surprisingly subtle modifications in wing motion, which nonetheless generate sufficient torque for the fly to rotate its body through each turn. The magnitude and time course of the torque and body motion during rapid turns indicate that inertia, not friction, dominates the flight dynamics of insects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fry, Steven N -- Sayaman, Rosalyn -- Dickinson, Michael H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):495-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neuroinformatics, University/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acceleration ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Body Constitution ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Flight, Animal/*physiology ; Friction ; Mathematics ; Motion ; Movement ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Robotics ; Rotation ; Torque ; Video Recording ; Wings, Animal/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    2004 science budget. Congress wants the twain to meet (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):444.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Science Disciplines ; Budgets ; Financing, Government ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Natural Science Disciplines ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 29
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    Focusing of magma in the upper mantle through dike interaction (2002)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Amsterdam, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 107, no. B10, pp. ECV 6-1-ECV 6-17, pp. 2223, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Description: We use laboratory experiments and numerical models to quantify the effects of dike interaction on the focusing of magma as it ascends in the upper mantle. Laboratory experiments involve injecting buoyant fluid into the base of a tank filled with solidified gelatin. When we initiate two dikes parallel to each other, but separated by a horizontal distance x, they tend to merge as they ascend. This behavior is also predicted by numerical models of two-dimensional dikes. The key parameters that control the maximum horizontal separation x c over which dikes will intersect are dike driving pressures, dike head lengths L (i.e., the length over which driving pressure is large), and the difference between the principal stresses of the remote stress field. When the remote differential stress is small compared to the dike driving pressure, two dikes of equal driving pressure and length will intersect over distances of x c ? L. This distance decreases with increasing remote differential stress. We quantify the effects on magma transport from a broad lateral distribution of magma using numerical simulations of multiple-dike interaction. When the average dike spacing prior to interaction is within ?3 L and remote differential stresses are insignificant, dike interaction can focus magma over horizontal distances many times L but at least ?6 L. Dike interaction can focus magma in the asthenosphere beneath mid-ocean ridges for low mantle viscosities (?10 19 Pa s) and if dikes initiate with average separations of a few hundred meters, or less. Such focusing is predicted to grow dikes of increasing magma flux approaching lateral separations of a kilometer.
    Keywords: Fluids ; Plate tectonics ; ascent ; sheeted ; dykes ; Modelling ; JGR ; 8434 ; Volcanology: ; Magma ; migration ; 8145 ; Tectonophysics: ; Physics ; of ; magma ; and ; magma ; bodies ; 8120 ; Dynamics ; of ; lithosphere ; and ; mantle--general ; 3035 ; Marine ; Geology ; and ; Geophysics: ; Midocean ; ridge ; processes
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 30
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    Kleiber and Planck: the missing link? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Radny, Marian W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):59; author reply 59.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12365438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; *Carnivora/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Food ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 31
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    Toward self-organization and complex matter (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: Beyond molecular chemistry based on the covalent bond, supramolecular chemistry aims at developing highly complex chemical systems from components interacting through noncovalent intermolecular forces. Over the past quarter century, supramolecular chemistry has grown into a major field and has fueled numerous developments at the interfaces with biology and physics. Some of the conceptual advances and future challenges are profiled here.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lehn, Jean-Marie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2400-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Science et d'Ingenierie Supramoleculaires (ISIS), Universite Louis Pasteur, 67000 Strasbourg, and College de France, 75005 Paris, France. lehn@chimie.u-strasbg.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemical Phenomena ; *Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Molecular Structure ; Nanotechnology ; Physical Phenomena ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Physics ; *Polymers/chemistry
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    Free-electron lasers. Status and applications (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-09
    Description: A free-electron laser consists of an electron beam propagating through a periodic magnetic field. Today such lasers are used for research in materials science, chemical technology, biophysical science, medical applications, surface studies, and solid-state physics. Free-electron lasers with higher average power and shorter wavelengths are under development. Future applications range from industrial processing of materials to light sources for soft and hard x-rays.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Shea, P G -- Freund, H P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1853-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Plasma Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemical Phenomena ; Biochemistry ; Biological Science Disciplines ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Electrons ; Laser Therapy ; *Lasers ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; *Research
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Breakthrough of the year. The runners-up (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2443-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Axons/physiology ; Benzamides ; Carbon ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; Electronics ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Piperazines/therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines/therapeutic use ; Rna ; *Research ; *Science
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Underground laboratory. U.S. researchers go for scientific gold mine (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 15;292(5524):1979.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Financing, Government ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Gold ; *Laboratories ; *Mining ; *Natural Science Disciplines ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Research ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 35
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    Machine learning for science: state of the art and future prospects (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-15
    Description: Recent advances in machine learning methods, along with successful applications across a wide variety of fields such as planetary science and bioinformatics, promise powerful new tools for practicing scientists. This viewpoint highlights some useful characteristics of modern machine learning methods and their relevance to scientific applications. We conclude with some speculations on near-term progress and promising directions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mjolsness, E -- DeCoste, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2051-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Machine Learning Systems Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA. mjolsness@jpl.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Cluster Analysis ; *Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Robotics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 36
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    Nieuwe en minder bekende vlokreeftjes van sublitorale harde bodems in het Deltagebied (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridea) (2000)
    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (01692453) vol.11 (2000) p.19
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-10
    Description: New and lesser-known amphipods of hard substrates in the Delta area of the Netherlands (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridea) The distribution of 27 new and lesser-known amphipod species of sublittoral hard substrates in the Delta area in the southwest of The Netherlands is described. Data from literature on these species are scarce and/or not readily available. They are supplemented with results from recent investigations of mainly sublittoral hard substrates. Of the 22 marine species only nine occur offshore as well as inshore. The others seem to be restricted to inshore man-made coastline protections. This probably reflects the scarcity of hard substrates further offshore. Four invasive species were recorded in the brackish and freshwater part of the Delta area, two of them of pontocaspian origin.
    Keywords: Arthropoda ; Amphipoda ; Gammaridea ; Nederland ; Verspreiding ; Biotopen ; Herkenning ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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    De opmars van de wespenspin Argiope bruennichi in Nederland (Araneae: Araneidae) (2000)
    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (01692453) vol.11 (2000) p.45
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-10
    Description: The expansion of the range of the spider Argiope bruennichi in the Netherlands (Araneae: Araneidae) Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772) is one of the biggest and most colourful spiders in Europe and therefore easy to recognise, even by non-specialists. The species has expanded its range in Germany and Belgium for several decades now and reached the south of The Netherlands in 1980. After the discovery of the first female in the south of the province of Limburg more specimens were found in this region in subsequent years. Later the species was discovered near Herkenbosch, about 30 kilometres to the north. Over the last years the expansion continued rapidly and now almost 300 records are brought together. The species has become widespread in the southern and eastern part of The Netherlands. In 1995 a leap of some 70 kilometres was made, from Limburg to the southern parts of the Veluwe. The years 1998 and 1999 were very good for Argiope, both with over 80 records per year. It is suggested that this expansion is related to the warm and sunny summers in the nineties.
    Keywords: Arthropoda ; Araneae ; Araneidae ; Argiope bruennichi ; Wespenspin ; Wespspin ; Tijgerspin ; Nederland ; Verspreiding ; Biotopen ; Uitbreiding ; Fenologie ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 38
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    Nesten van de reuzenmier Camponotus ligniperda in het noordwesten van haar verspreidingsgebied (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (2000)
    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (01692453) vol.11 (2000) p.13
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-10
    Description: Nests of the carpenter ant Camponotus ligniperda in the northwestern part of its range (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Camponotus ligniperda (Latreille, 1802) is a rare ant species restricted to the eastern part of the Netherlands. Most records relate to a low number of workers. In this paper the species is reported for the first time from the province of Drenthe. Some ecological features of the groundnest are compared with the only other recent nest in the Netherlands. Both nests are located under a decidious tree which protects them from excessive precipitation. In contrast with reports from Germany and Sweden, nesting sites in buildings and houses are not known. It is suggested that the low chances for settlement in our country are due to the wet atlantic climate as well as competition with larger Formica species.
    Keywords: Insecta ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; Camponotus ligniperda ; Nederland ; Verspreiding ; Biotopen ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 39
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    An accurate and efficient method for including the effects of topography in three-dimensional elastic models of ground deformation with applications to radar interferometry (2000)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hannover, Dt. Geophys. Ges. e. V., vol. 105, no. B4, pp. 8103-8120, pp. 1058, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; InSAR ; Geodesy ; Modelling ; JGR ; 1243 ; Geodesy ; and ; gravity ; Space ; geodetic ; surveys ; 3210 ; Mathematical ; geophysics ; (new ; field) ; Modeling ; 8145 ; Tectonophysics ; Physics ; of ; magma ; and ; magma ; bodies ; 8499 ; Volcanology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 40
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    Taiwan. Researchers say new institutes offer them a chance 'to do good science' (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 19;288(5469):1165.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10841732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/economics ; Animals ; Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Chloroplasts/genetics ; Drosophila/genetics ; Interferometry ; *Molecular Biology/economics ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; *Research/economics ; Research Support as Topic ; Taiwan
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 41
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    Quantum theoretic machines : what is thought from the point of view of physics (2000)
    Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier
    Details
    Keywords: DDC 511.3 ; LC QA9.9 ; Brain - Mathematical models ; Cognition ; Cognition - Mathematical models ; Matrix logic ; Models, Theoretical ; Physics ; Quantum theory
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 588 pages)
    ISBN: 9780444826183
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780444826183
    Language: English
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptide. XX [1]. Synthese von Bradykinin-Analoga mit α-Amino-β-phenylbuttersäure (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 93-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird die Synthese von drei Analoga des Bradykinins beschrieben, in denen das Phenylalanin in Position 5 oder 8, sowie in beiden Positionen durch L-erythro-α-Amino-β-phenylbuttersäure ersetzt ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160113
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MO-Berechnungen an Heterocyclen, XIX. Mitt.: M. Scholz, E. Walzel u. H.-J. Hofmann, J. prakt. Chem. 315, 1105 (1973).. EHT- und CNDO/2-Rechnungen an Thiacyclanen, Thiacyclanonen und den entsprechenden SulfonenAuszugsweise vorgetragen auf der „6. Arbeitstagung zu Problemen der Quantenchemie“, Heiligendamm, Febr. 1973. (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 103-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An Thiacyclopentan, -hexan, -pentanon, -hexanonen und deren Sulfonen wurden EHT- und CNDO/2-Rechnungen zu Grundzustandseigenschaften durchgeführt. Neben dem Leistungsvergleich der beiden Verfahren wurde untersucht, welche Bedeutung der Berücksichtigung von 3d-AO's an Atomen der 3. Periode des Periodensystems im EHT-Formalismus zukommt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß durch beide MO-Verfahren die stabilsten Konformationen vorausgesagt werden. Die EHT-Rechnungen mit und ohne 3d-AO's ergaben zwischen Wannen- und Briefumschlagform keine signifikanten Energieunterschiede. Nach einer Energieaufteilungsanalyse hängt die Konformationsenergiedifferenz von den Zweizentrenbeiträgen ab, die aber in nicht überschaubarer Weise teils von den bindenden, teils von den nichtbindenden Anteilen bestimmt werden. Halbstufenpotentiale und Dipolmomente werden nur durch die CNDO/2-Rechnungen richtig wiedergegeben. Die Berücksichtigung der 3d-AO's im EHT-Verfahren führte zu keinen prinzipiellen Änderungen der Rechenergebnisse.
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    Dienoligomerisierung. XI [1]. Versuche zur nickel(0)-katalysierten Cyclotrimerisierung des Butadiens (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160125
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  • 45
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    Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigation of ortho, meta and para xylenes at low temperature (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proton magnetic resonance spectra have been measured between 4°K and their melting points for solid ortho, meta and para xylenes. It is found that lattices of these xylenes become rigid at about 4.2°K. The internal rotation of CH3 groups is observed at all temperatures above 95°K causing spectral narrowing.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    über Reaktionen mit Aluminiumalkylen. XVIII. Reaktionen von Butanoliden mit Methyl- und äthylaluminiumdichloridenXVII. Mitt. siehe [10]. (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Butanolide 1a-f mit Alkyl- bzw. Arylgruppen in γ-Stellung reagieren mit Āthyl-aluminiumdichlorid zu den gesättigten Säuren 3a-f. Mit Hilfe von unterschiedlich deuteriertem C2H5AlBr2 wird der Mechanismus aufgeklärt, Danach wird bei der Reaktion ein β-ständiges H-Atom des Äthyl-aluminiumdihalogenids über einen Sechsring auf das γ-C-Atom des Butanolids übertragen. Mit Methyl-aluminiumdichlorid reagieren 1a-f unter Alkylierung zu Säuren mit quartärem γ-C-Atom 7a-f. Als Nebenreaktion läuft bei 1 d eine FRIEDEL-CRAFTS-Reaktion, bei 1b, c Isomerisierung ab. Die α,β-ungesättigten Butanolide 2a, b ergeben mit Āthyl- oder Methylaluminiumdichlorid die Säuren 9a, b mit 2 konjugierten Doppelbindungen.
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    Organische Phosphorverbindungen. IV [1]. Kinetische Untersuchungen zum Alkylierungsvermögen insektizider Phophorsäureester (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zur Einschätzung des Alkyleirungsvermögens der insektiziden Phosphorverbindungen Trichlorphon, Butonate, DDVP, Dimethoate und Methylparathion wird die Kinetik ihrer Umsetzungen mit verschiedenen nucleophilen Komponenten im Temperaturbereich von 20-100°C untersucht und die Einsatzmöglichkeit von Aminen und Halogeniden als Nucleophile in derartigen Messungen abgegrenzt. Die relativen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten zeigen in Aceton als Lösungsmittel folgende Reaktivitätsabstufung: Methylparathion 〉 DDVP 〉 Dimethoate 〉 Butonate 〉 Trichlorphon 〉 Trimethylphosphat.
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    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160201
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  • 49
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    Chinonfarbstoffe. III. Die Molekül- und Kristallstruktur des 2,5-Pentamethylenimino-1,4-benzochinons, C16H22N2O2 (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das Strukturprinzip des kristallisierten 2,5-Pentamethylenimino-1,4-benzochinons konnte mit der SAP-Methode aufgefunden werden. Die Verfeinerung der Struktur erfolgte durch dreidimensionale Fouriermethoden und anisotrope least-squares-Rechnungen. Der abschließende R-Index für 1 270 auf Filmen registrierte Reflexe beträgt 0,096. Die Abmessungen der Elementarzelle sind: a = 6,858 Å; b = 8,432 Å; c = 6,659 Å; α = 86,78°; β = 99,75°; γ = 108,68°. Die Raumgruppe ist P 1. Es liegt ein zentrosymmetrisches Molekül in der Elementarzelle.Im Chinonring tritt ein extrem langer C—C-Abstand mit 1,522 Å auf, die beiden anderen C—C-Abstände im Chinonring betragen 1,364 Å und 1,433 Å. Bemerkenswert sind die drei sehr unterschiedlichen Bindungslängen am dreibindigen N-Atom. Ein N—C-Abstand beträgt 1,361 Å, die beiden anderen N—C-Abstände betragen 1,477 Å bzw. 1,480 Å. Das Molekül kann in seiner Elektronenstruktur ähnlich wie die Moleküle in [1] und [2] nicht als chinonähnlich betrachtet werden. Es enthält vielmehr Polymethin-Polyen-ähnliche Bauelemente.Die Geometrie des Piperidin-Ringes entspricht vollständig den Erwartungswerten, sowohl hinsichtlich der Bindungslängen als auch der Bindungswinkel. Er hat exakte Sesselform.Der Kristallverband kann als dreidimensional dichte Packung der C16H22N2O2-Moleküle angesehen werden. Es berühren sich intermolekular fast ausschließlich Wasserstoffatome untereinander.
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    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160301
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    Polarographic Studies of Ni(II) Complex with Tyrosine in aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic media (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 503-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complexation behaviour of various metal ions with tyrosine and threonine has been recently investigated in our laboratories [1-2]. However, there is hardly any reference regarding polarographic studies on complex forming ability of tyrosine and hence the present studies were undertaken. This communication deals with detailed investigations on the polarographic behaviour of Ni(II)-tyrosine system in aqueous and mixed solvent media.
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    Synthese substituierter Rhodanine (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 520-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160324
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    Zur Kinetik des thermischen Zerfalls von Pentandion-(2,3), II [1]. Thermische und durch Methylradikale initiierte Spaltung von Pentandion-(2,3) bei geringen Umsätzen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 415-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In den Temperaturbereichen 362,5-397,5°C und 241,5-277°C wurden der thermische und der durch Azomethan initiierte Zerfall von Pentandion-(2,3) bei Umsätzen 〈 5% kinetisch untersucht. Der thermische Zerfall verläuft über kurze Radikalketten mit Kettenlängen von etwa 10 und kann durch ein Zeitgesetz 1. Ordnung mit den Zerfallskonstanten \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm k}_{{\rm brutto}} = 10^{(17,9 \pm 1,0)} {\rm e}^{ - {\rm (67500} \pm {\rm 2900)/RT}} {\rm s}^{ - 1} $$\end{document} beschrieben werden.Für die Relativgeschwindigkeiten der H-Abspaltung durch Methyl- und Äthylradikale von den C-Atomen C1, C4 und C5 wurde ein Verhältnis 1 : 4,5 : 0,3 gefunden. Neben H-Abspaltungen spielen radikalische Substitutionsreaktionen als kettenfortpflanzende Schritte eine entscheidende Rolle. Für zwei Quotienten der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten kH-Abspaltung/kSubstitution werden kinetische Parameter gegeben.
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    3-(α-Cyanoarylidene)phthalides and Related Compounds. Part I (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 463-468 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formation of 3-(α-cyanoarylidene)phthalides 1a-g, by interaction of benzyl cyanides with phthalic anhydrides was studied under various conditions. The by-products, accompanying 3-(α-cyanobenzal)phthalide 1a, were identified as phthalimide, benzalphthalide 2 and 3-(α-carbamoylbenzal)phthalide 6.
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    Die Infrarotspektren von Phosphonsäuren. II. ArylphosphonsäurenMitteilung Nr. 276 aus dem Forschungsinstitut für Aufbereitung Freiberg. (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 485-490 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Infrarotspektren der Phenyl-, p-Äthylphenyl-, p-Butylphenyl- und p-Octylphenylphosphonsäure werden im Bereich von 400 bis 3 500 cm-1 mitgeteilt und diskutiert. Die Car-P-Valenzschwingung nahe 1 400 cm-1, wie sie in der Literatur häufig beschrieben ist, kann nicht beobachtet werden. Es dürfte sich dabei um eine CC-Valenzschwingung des Phenylringes handeln. Für Phenylphosphonsäure wird eine „νCar-P“ bei 1150 cm-1 zugeordnet.
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    Synthesis and Pharmacology of Schiff's Bases derived from 2-n-hexoyl-5-chlorophenol and 2-chloro-5-n-hexyl-6-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 507-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160321
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    D. Martin, H. G. Hauthal, Dimethylsulfoxid. 494 S., 27 Abb., 90 Tab. und 4 Schemata. Akademie -Verlag, Berlin 1971. 96, -M (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 525-525 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160325
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    Isonitrile Chemistry. Herausgegeben von I. Ugi, Bd. 20 der Serie „Organic Chemistry“, 1. Aufl., 278 S. u. 10 Tab., Academic Press, New York and London. 1971, geb. $ 14.50 (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 527-528 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160328
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    Reaktionen α, β-dibromierter Carbonylverbindungen mit PhosphorigsäuretrialkylesternHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag mit besten Wünschen zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 545-549 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α, β-Dibromierte Aldehyde reagieren mit Phosphorigsäuretrialkylestern erwartungsgemäß bereits bei Raumtemperatur in einer Perkow-Reaktion zu den entsprechenden Dialkyl-vinyl-phosphorsäureestern. Die Umsetzung der aus Acrylestern durch Bromierung in Gegenwart von LiCl oder KBr in hohen Ausbeuten darstellbaren α,β-Dibromcarbonsäureester mit 2 Mol Phosphorigsäureestern führt in einer Ausweichreaktion weder zum Phosphonsäureester noch zum Phosphorsäurevinylester, sondern unter Enthalogenierung zu Acrylester und hauptsächlich Unterphosphorsäuretetraäthylester. Für den Reaktionsverlauf wird ein Mechanismus diskutiert, bei dem das gleiche Zwischenprodukt sowohl bei dieser als auch bei der Perkow- und der Arbusow-Reaktion durchlaufen wird.
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    Synthese von Chloraryl-harnstoffen aus Aryl-isocyanaten und N-HalogenaminenHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 589-594 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phenylisocyanat und einige kernsubstituierte Abkömmlinge bilden mit N-Chlor-alkylaminen kernchlorierte Arylharnstoffe 4a-4d; 5a-5d. In der Regel tritt das Chlor in die para-Stellung ein, bei besetzter para-Stellung in die ortho-Stellung. Als Zwischenstufen der Reaktion werden N-Chlor-harnstoffe wahrscheinlich gemacht Ein Vertreter dieser Verbindungsklasse (6b) wird isoliert und in die kernchlorierte Verbindung umgewandelt. N-Chlor-dimethylamin reagiert mit Phenylisocyanat bzw. 3-Chlorphenylisocyanat zu den bekannten Herbiciden Monuron 1 und Diuron 2. Hier werden als Zwischenstufen betainartige Anlagerungsprodukte 8 formuliert und durch die starke Chlorierungswirkung der Reaktionsansätze gegenüber zugesetzten Aromaten wahrscheinlich gemacht.
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    Glykoside von Heterocyclen. LII. Synthese und spektrale Eigenschaften von Ribofuranosiden des Pyridons-(2), Pyridazons-(3) und deren Schwefelisologen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 615-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ausgehend von den benzoylierten Ribofuranosiden des Pyridons-(2) 5 und Pyridazons-(3) 6 gelang die Synthese der Ribofuranoside des Thiopyridons-(2) 3 und Thiopyridazons-(3) 4 durch Thionierung mittels Phosphor(V)-sulfid in α-Picolin bzw. Pyridin. Die Ribofuranoside 1, 2, 3 und 4 wurden UV-, CD- und NMR-spektroskopisch untersucht. Bei den nichtthionierten Verbindungen 1 und 2 wechselte das Vorzeichen der Cotton-Effekte durch ein zum glykosidischen N-Atom benachbartes N-Atom. Die thionierten Verbindungen 3 und 4 zeigten bei den den UV-Absorptionsmaxima entsprechenden Wellenlängen Cotton-Effekte mit positivem Vorzeichen. Bei 3 trat bei 397 nm noch ein auf einen n → π*-Übergang zurückzuführender Cotton-Effekt mit negativem Vorzeichen auf.
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    Über die Beeinflussung der relativen Monomerreaktivität bei der kationischen Copolymerisation (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 649-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die kationische Copolymerisation der Monomerenpaare Cyclopentadien/β-Cyclohexylstyrol und Styrol/p-Chlorstyrol wurde unter dem Aspekt der Beeinflussung der relativen Monomerreaktivität durch Variation von Lösungsmittel, Temperatur, Katalysator sowie Elektronendonatoren und -akzeptoren durchgeführt. Die dabei erreichten Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung der Copolymerisate werden als Folge von Veränderungen im Grad der Ladungstrennung der als Kettenträger fungierenden Ionenpaare diskutiert.
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    DIELS-ALDER-Reaktionen. III. Mitt. CH. DUSCHEK, W. Höbold, W. PRITZKOW, B. ROTHENHÄUSSER, H. SCHMIDT, W. ENGLER, D. ESTEL, H. G. HAUTHAL, J. KORN u. G. ZIMMERMANN, J. prakt. Chem. 312, 15 (1970).. Über die Anwendung linearer Freier-Energie-Beziehungen auf DIELS-ALDER-Reaktionen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 804-816 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die DIELS-ALDER-Reaktionen einiger C5-Diene mit verschiedenen Philodienen wurden kinetisch untersucht. Auf Grund der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten mit Cyclopentadien in Dioxan bei 30°C kann man eine allgemeine Dienophilie-Skala definieren, mit der sich die Geschwindigkeiten von Diels-Alder-Reaktionen anderer Diene nach dem Prinzip der linearen Freien-Energie-Beziehungen korrelieren lassen.Lineare Freie-Energie-Beziehungen mit Parametern der Lösungsmittelpolarität lassen sich nicht nur für das endo/exo-Verhältnis der Reaktionsprodukte aus Cyclopentadien und Acrylmonomeren, sondern auch für die Geschwindigkeiten dieser Diels-Alder-Reaktionen aufstellen. Das spricht für relativ stark polare Übergangszustände bei Diels-Alder-Reaktionen von Dienkohlen-wasserstoffen mit stark polaren Philodienen.
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    Chemie angeregter Zustände. VIV. Mitt.: M. SCHOLZ, F. DIETZ u. M. Mühlstädt, Tetrahedron Letters [London] 1970, 2835.. PPP-Typ-Berechnungen der Elektronenspektren der fünf stellungsisomeren α-Styrylazulene (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 857-865 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mit einer variablen-β,γ-SCF-LCI-Methode wurden die π-Elektronenspektren der Titelverbindungen in ihrer s-trans-Konfiguration berechnet. Die Ergebnisse stehen in guter Übereinstimmung mit dem Experiment. Zur Interpretation der Spektren wurden die berechneten Übergänge nach KURODA et al. aufgeschlüsselt. Die längstwellige Bande entspricht einem schwach gestörten 1A → 1Lb-Übergang des Azulens. Die um 25 kcm-1 liegende Bande besitzt ebenfalls noch ausgeprägte Ähnlichkeit mit dem 1A → 1La-Übergang des Azulens, der jedoch durch den Styrylrest stark intensiviert und bathochrom verschoben wird. Die Übergänge oberhalb 30 kcm-1 zeigen z.T. beträchtlichen inneren charge-transfer-Charakter.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160519
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    Elektrophile Substitution am N-[Pyridyl-(2)]-thiazolyl-(2)-aminHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 881-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Reaktionen von N-[Pyridyl-(2)]-thiazolyl-(2)-amin 1 mit Elektrophilen werden im Hinblick auf die relative nucleophile Reaktivität von Pyridin und Thiazol untersucht. Es wird über die Bromierung, Nitrierung, Sulfonierung sowie Aminoalkylierung von 1 berichtet. Alle Reaktionen verlaufen selektiv unter Substitution der 5-Position des Thiazolrings. Die NMR-Daten von 1 und seiner Substitutionsprodukte werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160602
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    Oxydative Dimerisierung von 1,4-Dithiafulvenen (2-Methylen-1,3-dithiolen)Herrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 907-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Oxydation der elektronenreichen 1,4-Dithiafulvene 1 bilden sich unter Dimerisierung als Endprodukte die Dikationen 5. Diese sind Endstufe eines zweistufigen Redoxsystems, das außerdem aus den Formen 7 (Radikalkation) und 8 (elektronenreiches Butadien) besteht.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160606
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  • 67
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    Polarographic Study of Thio-Salicylic Acid (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 934-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polarographic behaviour of thio-salicylic acid (TSH) at d.m.e. has been investigated in the presence of KNO3 in the pH range 1.60 to 13.50 at 30.0 ± 0.2°C in 40% ethanol (by volume) at 0.2 M ionic strength. Well defined anodic waves were obtained at all pH values. The effect of pH, concentration of TSH, drop time, temperature and ethanol, on the wave characteristics and the mechanism of the reaction at the surface of mercury drop have been studied in detail. The reversibility of the reaction mechanism was confirmed by a number of methods. The wave was diffusion controlled, reversible involving one electron transfer process and proportional to TSH concentration. Methematical and experimental evidence shows that the anodic wave of TSH at d.m.e. does not correspond to the formation of (TSST) but to a mercury compound, TSHg. The diffusion coefficients and temperature coefficients for the range of 20-45°C of id at pH 5.70 and 9.20 have been found to be 5.248; 5.105 × 10-6 cm2 · sec-1 and 1.215, 1.127% per degree, respectively. The dissociation constant (pK) was found to be 9.80 by the plot E1/2 vs. pH. The linearity of id with TSH concentrations provides a rapid and precise method for the determination of TSH down to 0.06 mM.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160610
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  • 68
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    2-Hydrazinothiophen-3-carbonsäureester (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 878-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160522
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  • 69
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    D-Gluconsäure-δ-lacton als hydrophiler Baustein von TensidenHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag mit den besten Wünschen zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 895-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese von nichtionogenen Tensiden aus N,N-Bis-[2-gluconylamino-äthyl]-amin und Alkylisocyanaten sowie Alkansäuren wird beschrieben. Die grenzflächenaktiven Eigenschaften der erhaltenen Produkte werden untersucht.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160604
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    3-Hydroxy-pyrazole aus carbonylstabilisierten AzomethiniminenHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag mit den besten Wünschen zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 886-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1-Aryliden-pyrazolidon-(3)-azomethinimine 5 lagern sich in protonischen Lösungsmitteln quantitativ in 1-substituierte 3-Hydroxy-pyrazole 2 um. Damit steht erstmalig eine einfache allgemeine Synthese für 2 zur Verfügung. IR- und 1H-NMR-Parameter, deren Signifikanz durch eindeutig synthetisierte 1-substituierte 3-Hydroxy-pyrazole 2 belegt ist, beweisen die Struktur der 3-Hydoxy-pyrazole 2.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160603
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    Mikro-Fluoreszenzindikator-Adsorptionsmethode zur Molekültypenanalyse organischer Verbindungen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 917-927 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nach ausführlicher Diskussion einiger Probleme der FIA-Analyse, die vor allem die Auswahl geeigneter Silikagele betreffen, wird die Mikro-FIA-Methode (MFIA) beschrieben.Die FIA-Methode ist eine adsorptionschromatographische (Verdrängungs)-Methode, bei der die Zonen der Verbindungstypen durch Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe sichtbar gemacht werden.Die neu Methode (MFIA) zeichnet sich durch eine einfache Handhabung sowie durch geringen Zeit- und Substanzbedarf aus und erschließt neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Sie eignet sich in modifizierter Form zur Spurenbestimmung von Aromaten und Olefinen bis zu Gehalten von 10-3 Vol.-%. Die Methode wurde an Kohlenwasserstoffgemischen bis zu einem Siedeende von 410°C sowie an Fettalkoholgemischen überprüft.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160608
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    Dienoligomerisierung. XIII. Folgereaktionen bei der nickelkomplexkatalysierten Codimerisierung von konjugierten Cycloalkadienen mit Äthylen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 952-962 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Reaktion von Cyclohexadien-(1,3), Cycloheptadien-(1,3) und Cylooctadien-(1,3) mit Äthylen in Gegenwart von Katalysatorsystemen, aus die einer Nickel (II)-Verbindung, einem Trialkyl- oder Triarylphosphin und einer Kombination aus Triäthylaluminium und Diäthylaluminiumhalogenid erhalten werden, entstehen 3-Vinylcycloalkene. Diese Primärprodukte isomerisieren unter dem Einfluß des Katalysatorsystems hauptsächlich zu den cis-trans-Isomerenpaaren der 3-Äthylidencycloalkene und reagieren weiterhin mit überschüssigem Äthylen zu 1-Butenylcycloalkenen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160612
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    Vinyloge Acylverbindungen. XIII. Zur Fluoreszenz 2-arylsubstituierter Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidiniumsalze (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 875-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160521
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    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160101
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    Reaktionen mit 4-Amino-5-benzoylthiazolen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Aryl-4-amino-5-benzoyl-thiazole 2 werden zu 2-Aryl-4-acylamino-5-benzoyl-thiazolen 4 acyliert und in Form ihrer Perchlorate 3 mit Ketomethylenverbindungen bzw. Säureamid-Derivaten zu Thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridinen 5 bzw. Thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidinen 6 umgesetzt.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160104
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    Kapillar-gaschromatographische Charakterisierung von C10- bis C12-Aromaten (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Retentionsindices von 120 alkylaromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen im Bereich bis C12 werden an UCON LB 550 X- und Carbowax 20 M-Kapillaren gemessen und einige Zusammenhänge zwischen Struktur und Retentionsverhalten anhand der ΔI-Werte diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen für stellungsisomere di-, tri- und tetra-alkylsubstituierte Aromaten folgende Zusammenhänge: ΔI1,2 〉 ΔI1,3, ΔI1,4; ΔI1,2,3 〉 ΔI1,2,4 〉 ΔI1,3,5; ΔI1,2,3,4; ΔI1,2,3,5; ΔI1,2,4,5. Die Verwendung von FRIEDEL-CRAFTS-Reaktionen zur Herstellung definierter Testgemische wird beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160102
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    Die Addition von Oxalessigester an 2,4; 3,5-Di-O-benzyliden-al-D-xylose, Ein neuer Weg zur Synthese von 2-Desoxy-heptosen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Addition von Oxalessigester an 2,4; 3,5-Di-O-benzyliden-al-D-xylose 1 führt zum 3-Äthoxycarbonyl-3-desoxy-5,7; 6,8-di-O-benzyliden-D-gulo-oktulosonsäure-äthylester 2, aus dem man durch Erwärmen mit verd. Salzsäure in Dioxan die 2-Desoxy-D-gulo-heptose 3 erhält. Beim Schütteln mit konz. Salzsäure und Benzylmercaptan entsteht aus 3 unter Abspaltung von Wasser das [2-Hydroxymethyl-furanyl(5)]-acetaldehyd-dibenzylmercaptal 6. Der Ketosäureester 2 kann in einer Keto-(2 a) und in einer Enol-Form 2 b auftreten. Von letzterer leiten sich das 2,4-Di-O-acetat 4 und der 2,4-Di-O-methyläther 5 ab. Die D-gulo-Konfiguration der Verbindungen 2, 3, 4 und 5 wird durch Überführen des Methyläthers 5 in den O-Methyl-L-äpfelsäure-bis-(p-bromphenacylester) 10 bewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160103
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    Folgeprodukte halogenierter Aldehyde. I. N-(1-Hydroxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamide (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 54-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aliphatische und aromatische Carbonsäureamide sowie einige Harnstoff-Derivate bilden beim Erwärmen mit 2,2,3-Trichlorpropionaldehyd N-(1-Hydroxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamide 2a-n. Phenyl- und Benzylharnstoff ergeben 1,1-Bis-phenylureido- (3a) bzw. 1,1-Bisbenzylureido-2,2,3-trichlorpropan 3b. Die Verbindungen 2 lassen sich mit Dimethylsulfat in Natronlauge zu den N-(1-Methoxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamiden 6a-b methylieren und mit Carbonsäurechloriden in Pyridin zu den N-(1-Acyloxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamiden 5a-k acylieren. Bei der Einwirkung von Acetanhydrid auf die Verbindungen 2 in Natronlauge entstehen 1,1′-Bis-acylamino-2,2,3,2′,2′,3′-hexachlor-dipropyläther 7a-c. N-(1-Hydroxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-salicylsäureamid 2n unterliegt beim Erwärmen mit Schwefelsäure einer Ringschlußreaktion unter Bildung des Dihydrobenzoxazin-Derivats 8.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    Elektrochemisches Verhalten von N-Aryl-Δ2-pyrazolinen. II [1]. Anodische Oxydation von 1,3,5-Triaryl-Δ2-pyrazolinen und 4,4′-Bis-[3,5-diaryl-Δ2-pyrazolinyl-(1)]-biphenylen in Acetonitril (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 267-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die elektrochemische Oxydation der 1,3,5-Triaryl-Δ2-pyrazoline 1a-w und der 4,4′-Bis-[3,5-diaryl-Δ2-pyrazolinyl-(1)]-biphenyle 4a-j in Acetonitril wurde mit Hilfe der Polarographie an der rotierenden Scheibenelektrode, der zyklischen Voltammetrie und der Elektrolyse bei kontrolliertem Potential bei gleichzeitigen coulometrischen Messungen untersucht. Dabei wurde gefunden, daß das anodische Verhalten von 1 in entscheidendem Maße durch Substitution der para-Stellung der 1-Arylgruppe bestimmt wird. Während die Oxydation der 1-Phenyl-3,5-diaryl-Δ2-pyrazoline 1a und 1c-1 n unter Aufnahme von 2 Faraday/Mol zu den Dikationen 6 der entsprechenden Dimeren 4 führt, bleibt sie bei Blockierung dieser Position auf der Stufe der Radikalkationen 3 der Monomeren stehen, die nur im Falle des 1-p-Nitrophenyl-3,5-diphenyl-Δ2-pyrazolins 1w in langsamer Folgereaktion zum Pyrazol 2w weiterreagieren. Substituenten beeinflussen das anodische Halbstufenpotential in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Stellung in der 1-, 3- oder 5-Phenylgruppe in abnehmendem Maße, wobei elektronenziehende Gruppen eine positivierende und elektronendrückende Gruppen eine negativierende Wirkung besitzen. Es wird gezeigt, daß sich unter dem Einfluß der Substituenten die Reaktivität der Radikalkationen 3 in gleichem Maße erhöht, wie ihre oxydative Bildung erschwert wird. Die Strukturabhängigkeit der Oxydations- und Reduktionshalbstufenpotentiale gestattet darüber hinaus eine Interpretation des Substituenteneffektes auf die Lage der Absorptions- und Fluoreszenzmaxima sowie auf die STOKES-sche Verschiebung der Triarylpyrazoline. Die Darstellung der Verbindungen 4 a-j aus den entsprechenden Monomeren durch oxydative Dimerisierung mit Eisen(III)-chlorid sowie deren Absorptions- und Fluoreszenzspektren werden beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Modifizierte Aminosäuren und Peptide. I. Synthese von Aminoacyl- und Peptid-Derivaten des 2-Amino-2-phenyl-indandions-(1,3) (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 140-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von 2-Amino-2-phenyl-indandion-(1, 3) mit N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-geschützten Aminosäuren mittels Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid werden die entsprechenden Aminoacylverbindungen 2-6 erhalten. Nach Abspaltung der Schutzgruppe lassen sich daraus Dipeptid (16-18)- und Tripeptid(20)-Derivate herstellen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160119
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    Nanosekunden-Pulsradiolyse von Styrol in wäßriger Lösung (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 402-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurden die Absorptionsspektren der radikalischen Additionsprodukte der Primärteilchen der Wasserradiolyse mit dem Styrol aufgenommen. Für die Extinktionskoeffizienten der Radikale Ph—ĊH—CH3, Ph—ĊH—CH2OH und · (C6H5OH)—CH=CH2 wurden von der Literatur [1-3] abweichende Werte erhalten. Die Radikale H, OH und eaq⊖ reagieren vorwiegend mit der Olefingruppe des Styrols. Es wurden die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der Bildungs- und Abreaktion der oben erwähnten organischen Radikale bestimmt und auf Grund von HMO-Abschätzungen qualitativ gedeutet.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160308
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    Folgeprodukte halogenierter Aldehyde. III [1]. Additionsreaktionen der N-Acyl-2,2,3-trichlorpropionaldimine (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 443-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Acyl-2,2,3-trichlorpropionaldimine 2 reagieren mit Schwefelwasserstoff und mit Ammoniak im Mol-Verhältnis 2:1 unter Bildung der Thioäther 1a-c bzw. der Amine 3a-d. Alkohole, Mercaptane und Amine werden an die Aldimine 2 unter Bildung von N-(1-Alkoxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl) (4a-m), N-(1-Alkylmercapto-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)- (5a-i) bzw. von N-(1-Alkylamino-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)- (6a, b, f, g) und N-(1-Arylamino-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamiden 6c-e addiert. Die Addition von p-Nitrophenylhydrazin an die Aldimine 2 führt zu den N-(1-p-Nitrophenylhydrazino-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamiden 6h, i.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160312
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    Vinyloge Acylverbindungen. XII [1]. Über die Umsetzung von 2-Chlorvinylketonen mit 2-Aminopyridin (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 474-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Aminopyridin 4 reagiert mit 2-Chlorvinylketonen 7 zu 1-[2-Acyl-vinyl]-2-amino-pyridiniumsalzen 9, die sich auch aus 4 · HClO4 und äthinylketonen 8 bilden. Durch Basen werden die Quartärsalze 9 reversibel zu Pyridon-(2)-iminen 10 deprotoniert, durch Erhitzen mit Eisessig/HClO4 zu Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidiniumsalzen 11, cyclisiert. Letztere sind auch im „Eintopf“-Verfahren zugänglich: Propargylaldehyd z. B. führt zum Grundkörper 12, von Benzocyclenonen abgeleitete Chlormethylenverbindungen liefern die polycyclischen Systeme 14. - Die UV-Spektren der dargestellten Verbindungen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Organophosphorus compounds. XXI. The Reaction of Alkyl Phosphites with 10-Methyleneanthrone and 10-Arylideneanthrones (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of triethyl and trimethyl phosphites with 10-methyleneanthrone 1a, 10-benzylideneanthrone 1b, 10-(p-chlorobenzylidene)anthrone 1c, 10-(p-methoxybenzylidene)anthrone 1d and 10-(diphenylmethylene)anthrone 1e, has been investigated. Depending on the experimental conditions, reaction of 1a with triethyl phosphite gives diethyl (10-ethoxy-9-anthryl)methylphosphonate 3a and/or the spiroanthrone 8a, whereas, with trimethyl phosphite, dimethyl [(9, 10-dihydro-10-oxo-9-anthryl)methyl]phosphonate 11a is formed. Compound 1b on reaction with trimethyl phosphite yields dimethyl [α-(9,10-dihydro-10-oxo-9-anthryl) benzyl]phosphonate 11b. Reaction of 1c with triethyl phosphite and trimethyl phosphite gives rise to diethyl [p-chloro-α-(10-ethoxy-9-anthryl)benzyl]phosphonate 3c and dimethyl [p-chloro-α-(9,10-dihydro-10-oxo-9-anthryl)benzyl]phosphonate 11c respectively. Compounds 1d and 1e did not react with alkyl phosphites.Possible reaction mechanisms are considered and the structural assignments are based on analytical and spectroscopic results.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160305
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    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160401
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    Über α-substituierte Phosphonate, XVI. Reaktion von phosphoriger Säure bzw. deren Anhydrid mit OrthoameisensäureesternHerrn Professor Dr. G. Hilgetag zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 550-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Orthoameisensäuretriäthylester 2a gibt mit H3PO3 in Gegenwart von Spuren Wasser Phosphorigsäurediäthylester, während mit wasserfreier H3PO3 neben O-Alkylierung auch „P-Dialkoxymethylierung“ unter Bildung von Diäthoxymethan-phosphonsäurediäthylester 4a beobachtet wird. Mit P4O6 reagiert 2a ebenfalls unter Bildung von 4a und dem Pyrophosphonsäureester 10.-Der Ablauf der Reaktionen wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160405
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  • 87
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    Reactions of 4-[4′-(1′,3′-Diphenylpyrazolyl)methylene]-2-phenyl-5-oxo-2-oxazoline with grignard reagents and diazoalkanes (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 363-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title compound reacts with two moles of Grignard reagents with 1,2-addition to give the alcohol 4, and/or the oxazoline 5, or with 1,4-addition to give the amino ketone 6. A reaction mechanism is proposed. Diazomethane is always added to the exocyclic double bond in 1, but diphenyldiazomethane, in addition, replaces the carbonyl-oxygen by a benzhydrylidene group to give compound 9.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160303
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  • 88
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    The Stobbe Condensation with Indolyl-3-aldehyde. A synthesis of carbazole derivatives (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 386-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The condensation of indolyl-3-aldehyde with either dimethyl-, or dimethyl methylsuccinate in the presence of potassium t-butoxide gave predominatly the (E)-half esters 1a and 1b, whose configuration is inferred by cyclisation with sodium acetate in acetic anhydride to the corresponding carbazole derivatives 2. Hydrolysis of the above half esters gives the corresponding acids 1c and 1d, which can be converted to the anhydrides 3.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160306
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  • 89
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    Enzymatisch spaltbare, spezifische Transportformen von Cancerostatica. I. 4-[N,N-Bis-(2-chloräthyl)-amino]-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosid (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 429-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über die Synthese des 4-[N,N-Bis-(2-chloräthyl)-amino]-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosids 2 berichtet, welches durch β-Glucosidasen in das cytostatisch hochwirksame 4-[N,N-Bis-(2-chloräthyl)-amino]-phenol 1 und Glucose gespalten wird.4-Amino-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosidtetraacetat wird durch Äthylenchlorhydrin in Gegenwart von Natriumbicarbonat zum 4-[N,N-Bis-(2-hydroxyäthyl)-amino]-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosidtetraacetat 4 umgesetzt, welches nach Chlorierung mit thionylchlorid/Pyridin und Entacetylierung in NaOCH3—MeOH—CH2Cl2 2 ergibt. Es wird über die Stabilität der Stickstofflostgruppe in 1 und 2 sowie über biologische Testungen kurz berichtet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160310
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  • 90
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    Dienoligomerisierung. XIIXI. Mitt.: J. Beger, H. Füllbier u. W. Gaube, J. prakt. Chem. 316, 173 (1974).. 3-Vinylcycloalkene durch Nickelkomplexkatalysierte Codimerisierung von Cycloalkadienen-(1,3) mit Äthylen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 449-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclohexadien-(1,3), Cycloheptadien-(1,3) und Cyclooctadien-(1,3) setzen sich mit Äthylen unter Einwirkung von Nickelkomplexkatalysatoren zu den 3-Vinylcycloalkenen um, Cyclopentadien reagiert nicht.Es werden Reaktionsbedingungen und Zusammensetzung des Katalysatorsystems variiert.Die kinetische Untersuchung der Codimerisierung von Cyclohexadien-(1,3) mit Äthylen ergibt eine quadratische Abhängigkeit der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von der Katalysatorkonzentration. Durch Verwendung von deuteriertem äthylen und methylsubstituierten Cyclohexadienen-(1,3) werden mechanistische Einblicke in die Reaktion erhalten.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 91
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    Folgeprodukte halogenierter Aldehyde. IV [1]. Additionen von Carbonsäuren, Carbonsäureamiden und Phenolen an N-Acyl-2,2,3-trichlorpropionaldimine (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Addition von Carbonsäuren, Carbonsäureamiden und Phenolen an N-Acyl-2,2,3-trichlorpropionaldimine 3 entstehen N-(1-Acyloxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamide 1a-e, 1,1-Bis-acylamino-2,2,3-trichlor-propane 2a-g bzw. N-(1-Aryloxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamide 4a-f. Die 1,1-Bis-acylamino-2,2,3-trichlor-propane 2a, c, h, i lassen sich auch durch Umsetzung von 2,2,3-Trichlorpropionaldehyd mit Nitrilen bei Gegenwart von Schwefelsäure darstellen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160318
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    Synthesis of New 10-Substituted Phenothiazine Derivatives (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 511-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160322
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    K. Schwabe, Physikalische Chemie. Band 1. XXIV, 696 S., 229 Abb., 90 Tab., 90 Tab. Akademic Verlag, Berlin 1973, 72, - M (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 526-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160326
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  • 94
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    Struktur-Reaktivitätsuntersuchungen mit heterosubstituierten Nitrilen. X. Untersuchung des sterischen Substituenteneinflusses bei der Phenol- und Amin-Addition an ArylcyanateHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag mit den besten Wünschen zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 529-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Kinetik der Addition 2,6-disubstituierter Phenole und N-Methylaniline an 2, 6-disubstituierte Arylcyanate wurde zur Klärung des sterischen Substituenteneinflusses untersucht. Aus dem Vergleich der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten ist eine Reaktionsverzögerung durch 2, 6-Substituenten in der Reihe Phenole 〉 Arylcyanate 〉 Amine zu erkennen. Primärer und sekundärer sterischer Effekt wirken bei den Phenolen und Arylcyanaten in gleicher Richtung reaktionsverlangsamend. Bei den Aminen kompensiert der reaktionsbeschleunigende sekundäre teilweise den reaktivitätssenkenden primären sterischen Effekt.Die Ergebnisse bieten eine unabhängige Bestätigung des früher vorgeschlagenen sechsgliedrigen Übergangszustandes für die Addition.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160402
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    Reaktion von Acyl- und Sulfonylisocyanaten mit organischen HydroperoxidenHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag mit den besten Wünschen zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 569-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acyl- und Arylsulfonylisocyanate reagieren mit tert.-Butylhydroperoxid zu N-Acyl-(2) bzw. N-Arylsulfonylperoxycarbamidsäure-tert.-butylestern 3. Chlorsulfonylisocyanat gibt mit tert.-Butylhydroperoxid den instabilen N-Chlorsulfonylperoxycarbamidsäure-tert.-butylester 4, der mit Wasser zu Peroxycarbamidsäure-tert.- butylester 5, mit Alkoholen und Phenolen zu den entsprechenden N-Alkoxy- bzw. N-Aroxysulfonylderivaten reagiert und mit Aminen die entsprechenden N-(Aminosulfonyl)-peroxycarbamidsäure-tert.-butylester 7 liefert. Die thermische Zersetzung einiger Peroxycarbamidsäureester wurde untersucht.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160407
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    Über einige Quecksilberderivate des AcetonitrilsHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 557-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quecksilberacetat bildet oberhalb 120°C mit Acetonitril mehrfach am Kohlenstoff mercurierte Derivate. Aus den Ansätzen konnte in hoher Ausbeute Tris-(acetoxymercuri)-cyanmethan isoliert und analytisch charakterisiert werden. Die monomercurierten Verbindungen ClHgCH2CN und Hg(CH2CN)2 wurden aus Lithiumacetonitril und Quecksilber(II)-chlorid bei -70°C als stabile, schmelzbare Substanzen dargestellt. Aus ClHgCH2CN zugängliches Acetoxymercuri-cyanmethan setzt sich mit Acetonitril schon bei dessen Siedetemperatur zu den schwerlöslichen Bis- und Tris-(acetoxymercuri)-Verbindungen um. Der Cyanmethylrest ist von Quecksilber nicht auf Palladium zu übertragen und dadurch zu aktivieren, sondern es bilden sich stabile Komplexe zwischen ClHgCH2CN bzw. Hg(CH2CN)2 und PdCl2. Durch Photolyse wurde aus Hg(CH2CN)2 Succinonitril erhalten. Die Verbindungen wurden IR-spektroskopisch und z. T. polarographisch untersucht.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160406
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    Untersuchungen zur Polarität organischer Lösungsmittel und filmbildender Polymere mit Hilfe der Solvatochromie von 1,2-Diimin-Komplexen des Molybdän(0) (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 604-614 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Solvatochromie von 1,2-Diimin-molybdän(0)-carbonylkomplexen wird zur Charakterisierung der Lösungsmittelpolarität von 40 organischen Lösungsmitteln und filmbildenden Polymeren herangezogen. Absorptionsmessungen an der langwelligen Absorptionsbande führen zur Aufstellung einer Polaritätsskala der Lösungsmittel, die erhebliche Unterschiede zu der auf Solvatochromie-messungen an Pyridiniumsalzen beruhenden ET-Skala aufweist. Die Ursachen der Unterschiede werden diskutiert, und es werden Vergleiche zu einigen lösungsmittelabhängigen Eigenschaften anderer Verbindungen gezogen. In organischen filmbildenden Polymeren ist die Solvatochromie der Komplexverbindungen abhängig von der chemischen Natur der solvatisierenden Gruppen und weniger von den sterischen Verhältnissen im Polymeren. Es wird gezeigt, daß sich in gemischten Lösungsmitteln die Natur der Solvathülle um den Chelatkomplex von der makroskopischen Zusammensetzung des Lösungsmittelgemischs beträchtlich unterscheidet.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160411
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    Reactions of α-Arylhydrazono-β-oxo-β-phenyl-propionitriles (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 975-980 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ω-Cyanoacetophenone was coupled with a variety of aromatic diazonium chlorides to give the corresponding arylazo derivatives 1 a-g. Analysis of the IR and UV spectra of these compounds indicated that they exist mainly as the corresponding arylhydrazones. Compounds 1 a-d, f, g reacted with diazomethane to yield the N-methyl-arylhydrazones 2 a-f. 3-Amino-4-arylazo-5-phenylpyrazoles 5 a-g and 4-arylazo-5-imino-1,3-diphenyl-2-pyrazolines 6 a-g were obtained by the interaction of 1 a-g with hydrazine hydrate and with phenylhydrazine, respectively.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160615
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    Organische Phosphorverbindungen. V. Darstellung und Reaktionsverhalten β,γ-Ungesättigter α-Hydroxyphosphonsäuredialkylester (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 1002-1012 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phosphorigsäuredialkylester addieren sich an substituierte 2-Chloracroleine 4 zu β,γ-ungesättigten α-Hydroxy-phosphonsäuredialkylestern 6. Alkalijodide entalkylieren 6 zu Salzon des Typs 7, aus denen die Estersäuren 8 zugänglich sind. Die Kinetik von Entalkylierung und Hydrolyse ausgewählter Ester 6 wird untersucht und die Toxizität der Ester diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160618
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    Isotopic Exchange Reactions between Sodium Chloride and Benzyl Chlorides in mixed solvents (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 1041-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160622
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