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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
  • 550 - Earth sciences
  • gene expression
  • growth
  • Springer  (187)
  • Elsevier  (6)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Community Online Resource for Statistical Seismicity Analysis
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • 2005-2009  (23)
  • 1985-1989  (171)
  • 1960-1964
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    A Glimpse into the Seismicity of the Ionian Islands between 1658 and 1664 (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Mostly based on traditional catalogues, without further research, several modern parametric catalogues are nevertheless straightforward, without question marks, and easily misleading (chronology, epicentre, epicentral intensity, not to speak of magnitude). The example of an Ionian time-window (1658-1664), with several major events, shows that the historical seismicity of the Ionian Islands, often thought to be well-known, actually needs a more or less drastic revision. A wealth of sources was collected, mostly from the Archives of the Republic of Venice, then ruling the main three islands of the Ionian Archipelago; it was ascertained that there are no important chronological gaps in the surviving documentation. Similarly outstanding, and in fact at the basis of a more balanced and precise view of one of the events in this time-window, are the souvenirs of Christoff von Degenfeld, a German nobleman at the service of the Republic of Venice. His manuscript, discovered at the library of Karlsruhe (Germany) in 1992, has been consulted again in the original, on the occasion of the preparation of this paper. Some question marks remain on the distributions of macroseismic effects of the earthquakes within this time-window, and this is due to the lack of information concerning the mainland. For this reason this study does not propose epicentres and, of course, magnitudes. An unusually long documentary appendix is provided, with the hope that it might contribute in discouraging authors of parametric earthquake catalogues from hasty exploitation and interpretation of often unreliable current catalogues.
    Description: Published
    Description: 43-91
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismology ; Ionian Islands 1658-1664 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
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    Sources of ground movement at Vesuvius before the AD 79 eruption: Evidence from contemporary accounts and archaeological studies (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Historical sources have recorded earthquake shocks, their effects and difficulties that local inhabitants experienced before the AD 79 Pompeii eruption. Archaeological studies pointed out the effects of such seismicity, and have also evidenced that several water crises were occurring at Pompeii in that period. Indeed numerous sources show that, at the time of eruption, and probably some time before, the civic aqueduct, having ceased to be supplied by the regional one, was out of order and that a new one was being built. Since Roman aqueducts were usually built with a recommended minimum mean slope of 20 cm/km and Pompeii's aqueduct sloped from the nearby Apennines toward the town, this slope could have been easily cancelled by uplift that occurred in the area even if this was only moderate. For the crustal deformations a volcanic origin is proposed and a point source model is used to explain the observations. Simple analysis of the available data suggests that the ground deformations were caused by a b2 km3 volumetric change at a depth of ∼8 km that happened over the course of several decades.
    Description: Published
    Description: 959–970
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Vesuvius ; ground deformation ; seismicity ; stress changes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Evidence of seismic deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus at Tindari (NE, Sicily) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Most of the ancient town of Tindari (NE, Sicily) was settled on a plateau the most surficial layer of which was made of unconsolidated material. Ongoing excavations at the archaeological site at Tindari uncovered a large portion of the decumanus which suffered deformations preliminarily assigned to coseismic effects. An analysis of the local dynamic response through the simulation of strong seismic shaking to the bedrock and modelling of spectral ratios of the bedrock-soft soil was carried out to verify the susceptibility of superficial terrains of the promontory to coseismic deformations. To perform this simulation the finite element method (FEM) was used. Four accelerometric recordings of three earthquakes of medium-high magnitude, recorded on rocky sites, were chosen to simulate the seismic shaking, using a constitutive law for the materials composing the promontory layers both of linear-elastic type and of elastoplastic type. The analysis of the linear-elastic field allowed the definition of the frequencies for which the spectral ratios of the accelerations recorded the highest amplifications; in particular the frequency range 31.5–37.2 Hz can be combined with deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus. The analysis in the elastoplastic field highlighted the zones of promontory more susceptible to suffer plasticization process. The results show that the topmost layer of the decumanus is the most susceptible to suffer plasticization. Therefore, the performed analysis lends greater support to the hypothesis that the deformations were produced by seismic shaking.
    Description: Published
    Description: 213-222
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Elasticity and anelasticity ; Earthquake ground motions ; Site effects ; Computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Jean Vogt 1929-2005. His Life as a Seismologist, Geologist, Geographer, and Historian (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Jean Vogt was born in 1929 in Strasbourg (France), where he attended primary and secondary school. At the University of Strasbourg, he graduated in Geography, and majored in Geomorphology. His professor was the geographer Jean Tricart, who taught him the importance of both geological field work and archive investigation. In 1955 he joined the French West-Africa Geological Service and later the French Bureau for Geology and Mines (BRGM). Along the following 20 years he lived as a “geological” globetrotter in a number of countries, dispensing his time between the field and the archives. In these years, he was concerned mainly with mining geology, geomorphology, superficial deposits, and landslides. This unique experience led him in 1975 to the responsibility of the “Seismo-Tectonic Project”, the BRGM project in relation with the French nuclear power programme. From 1975 to 1984, he gave a substantial impulse to the study of French historical earthquakes, and since then he visited almost every public archive in France, and several major archives and libraries in Europe and abroad. He took care at the same time of the follow-up of macroseismic studies of present-day earthquakes. After he retired in 1984, he continued on a personal basis his investigations of historical earthquakes, in Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, and the Caribbean area. Alongside and for about 50 years, Jean Vogt investigated uninterruptedly the agrarian history of Northeastern France and Southwestern Germany. He published in scientific journals and in local learned societies bulletins more than 500 notes and articles devoted to a variety of subjects, such as soil erosion, agriculture, cattle trade, and social conflicts. Jean Vogt died on 5 June 2005 in Strasbourg. His scientific legacy consists of a wealth of published papers, manuscripts, documentation related to history and seismology, awaiting to be further exploited, as he would have done.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-16
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Jean Vogt ; biography ; historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 5
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    Strong Earthquakes in North-Western Africa in the Second Half of the 17th Century, AD: A Critical Reappraisal of the Historical Evidence (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The recent seismological literature recorded three strong earthquakes in Algeria, Libya and Tunisia between 1656 and 1694 AD. The historical evidence for these derives from European sources only (gazettes, journalistic pamphlets, missionary literature). Considering the kind of sources involved, their likely biases and the geographical distances that divided their places of production from the places that they spoke about, it is possible that some of these accounts could be less than reliable, and therefore have little use as materials from which to assess earthquake parameters. To answer these doubts, we have retrieved, cross-checked and critically analysed the original historical sources quoted in previous compilations and studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 163-184
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Historical Seismicity ; North Africa Earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 6
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    Historical seismometry database project: A comprehensive relational database for historical seismic records (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The recovery and preservation of the patrimony made of the instrumental registrations regarding the historical earthquakes is with no doubt a subject of great interest. This attention, besides being purely historical, must necessarily be also scientific. In fact, the availability of a great amount of parametric information on the seismic activity in a given area is a doubtless help to the seismologic researcher’s activities. In this article the project of the Sismos group of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology of Rome new database is presented. In the structure of the new scheme the matured experience of five years of activity is summarized. We consider it useful for those who are approaching to ‘‘recovery and reprocess’’ computer based facilities. In the past years several attempts on Italian seismicity have followed each other. It has almost never been real databases. Some of them have had positive success because they were well considered and organized. In others it was limited in supplying lists of events with their relative hypocentral standards. What makes this project more interesting compared to the previous work is the completeness and the generality of the managed information. For example, it will be possible to view the hypocentral information regarding a given historical earthquake; it will be possible to research the seismograms in raster, digital or digitalized format, the information on times of arrival of the phases in the various stations, the instrumental standards and so on. The relational modern logic on which the archive is based, allows the carrying out of all these operations with little effort. The database described below will completely substitute Sismos’ current data bank. Some of the organizational principles of this work are similar to those that inspire the database for the real-time monitoring of the seismicity in use in the principal offices of international research. A modern planning logic in a distinctly historical context is introduced. Following are the descriptions of the various planning phases, from the conceptual level to the physical implementation of the scheme. Each time principle instructions, rules, considerations of technical–scientific nature are highlighted that take to the final result: a vanguard relational scheme for historical data.
    Description: Published
    Description: 94-103
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Relational Database ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    The Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS), version 3: summarizing 20 years of research on Italy’s earthquake geology (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper describes the main characteristics, the evolution, and the structure of the Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS) and particularly of its release of early 2007. The Database contains the results of the investigations of the active tectonics in Italy during the past 20 years. The first two sections of this paper document the recent evolution in mapping and archiving Italian active fault data in relation to important achievements in the understanding of Italian tectonics, some of which were spurred by significant earthquakes. The central sections describe the current structure of the Database, the reasons for its assumptions and data categories, its current contents, its evolution through several years of improvements. The last section describes how the current contents of the Database correspond with the existing strain and stress data available from focal mechanism, borehole breakout, and GPS data for the whole of Italy. The Database supplies a fresh and unified view of active and seismogenic processes in Italy by building on basic physical constraints concerning rates of crustal deformation, on the continuity of deformation belts and on the spatial relationships between adjacent faults, both at the surface and at depth.
    Description: INGVDPC grant to R. Basili (Project S2, Research Unit 1.1).
    Description: Published
    Description: 20-43
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earthquake geology ; Active fault ; Active tectonics ; Seismic source ; Seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Investigation of pre-1700 Earthquakes Between the Adda and the Middle Adige River Basins (Southern Alps) (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: While the seismicity of the Southern Alps is high in the Eastern sector, corresponding to the Veneto and Friuli regions, it decreases towards West up to the Adda River. In the sector between the Lessini Mts. and Eastern Friuli the damaging earthquakes are clustered in a well defined seismic belt, where seismogenic sources responsible for earthquakes with Mw 6 have been defined in recent works. In contrast, the knowledge of the Southalpine sector West of this area is sparser; the area experienced some earthquakes with Mw〉5.5 and varied events with 4.8≤Mw≤5.5 the distribution of which is, apparently, random. For the area roughly defined by the basins of the Adda River to the West and the middle Adige River to the East, this paper reappraises the background knowledge of the earthquakes occurred before 1700. The investigation and the results are presented according to two successive periods, up to 1995 and from 1995 on. In the research performed up to 1995, the most important achievements concerned two different aspects: i) the assessement of several “fake quakes”, some of which were the object of paradigmatic case-histories; ii) the resizing and relocation of several, presumed damaging earthquakes. Though this round of investigation changed significantly the picture of the seismicity with respect to the Seventies, the research continued. For the period from 1995 on, the discussion focuses on the reliability of the available information; material that received little or no consideration before, new historical findings and comments to the seismological interpretation as in the most recent literature are also presented. This part includes also the discussion of archaeoseismological evidence of damage related to past earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 93-129
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: historical seismology ; Adda and Middle Adige River Basins ; Southern Alps ; archaeoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 9
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    In Troubled Times, in a Divided Country: The 1789 Valtiberina Earthquake (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The Valtiberina region (central Italy) has a seismic record going back to the Middle Ages and including five Io 〉 VIII MCS earthquakes, the earliest of which (1352, 1389, 1458). though recently and extensively studied, remain rather poorly known. This makes it all the more important to ensure that the later ones (1789, 1917) are as throughly studied as possible. The 1789 earthquake is listed by the current Italian catalogue (CPTI Working Group 2004) with Io VIII-IX MCS and Mm 5.8. These parameters were assessed from a database of 28 macroseismic intensity data points (Castelli et al. 1996), which is less than plentiful for a late 18th century earthquake. An analysis of the historical context of the 1789 earthquake and its influence on the production of contemporary accounts evidences a few research paths that previous studies either did not or could not take. Following them, the macroseismic database of the 1789 earthquake can be noticeably improved, providing the catalogue compiler with a mean to check the reliability of its current parameters.
    Description: Published
    Description: 249-260
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical Seismicity ; 1789 Valtiberina Earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 10
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    Orbits (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 11
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    Dynamics of Complex Intracontinental Basins : the Central European Basin System (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 12
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    Preface to the special issue dedicated to Archaeoseismology (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-30
    Description: This special issue of Journal of Seismology, dedicated to Archaeoseismology, shows the current trends of research in this young branch of seismology. The beginning of modern archaeoseismological practice during the 1980’s and the investigations made during the 1990’s were in many cases conditioned by the lack of cooperation among the spcialists from different scientific diciplines. Numerous publications resulted from the work of archaeologists, in some cases in collaboration with experts in earthquake-geology or seismology, but rarely such work included a complete and multidisciplinary approach and in situ analysis of the evidence. In many cases, archaeoseismological studies were limited to the detection of traces of past earthquakes in archaeological remains without a seismological perspective aiming to derive quantitative parameters necessary to fully describe a past earthquake (magnitude, etc.). In other cases, such investigations were limited to the analysis of archaeological reports of excavations made years or decades earlier. A step towards the quantification of seismological aspects was represented by the “territorial” approach, trying to reconstruct a picture of an earthquake by detecting its signs over a wider region. This procedure was, however, limited by the scarcity and reliability of published or unpublished archaeological material, usually adopted without a critical review.
    Description: Published
    Description: 393–394
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Archaeoseismology, ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Seismic hazard assessment at Mt. Vesuvius: Maximum expected magnitude (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper deals with the problem of seismicity at Mt. Vesuvius with a view to providing an estimation of the maximum expected earthquake. Integrated analysis of both historical and current seismicity as well as the geological conditions of Vesuvius and the surrounding areas show that seismogenetic structures may fall within the crater axis and at the boundaries of the volcanic complex. While activation of the whole seismogenetic volume detected by seismicity in the past 30 years would indicate a total seismic moment of Mo = 7.1E+ 15 Nm for a magnitude M = 4.5, knowledge of the area's geological structure suggests faulting surfaces of about 32 km2 with an associated magnitude of M = 5.4. The areas of maximum expected damage differ according to the orientation of the hypothesized structure. Analysis of geological and geophysical data and the damage associated to the AD 62 earthquake shows that the prevailing directions in the faulting planes are NE–SW in the eastern sector of the volcanic complex, and roughly WNW–ESE in the southern part of the volcano along the coast. Comparison of instrumental seismicity and historical data reveals two significantly different energy levels: a lower earthquake level with Mmax = 4.5, corresponding to current seismicity and that which accompanied volcanic activity in the eruptive period from 1631–1944; an upper level with Mmax = 5.4, represented by the AD 62 earthquake. The two levels correspond to two stress states and different seismogenetic structures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 139-149
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mt. Vesuvius ; seismic hazard ; historical seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 14
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    Archaeoseismology: methodological issues and procedure (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: Archaeoseismic research contributes important data on past earthquakes. A limitation of the usefulness of archaeoseismology is due to the lack of continuous discussion about the methodology. The methodological issues are particularly important because archaeoseismological investigations of past earthquakes make use of a large variety of methods. Typical in situ investigations include: (1) reconstruction of the local archaeological stratigraphy aimed at defining the correct position and chronology of a destruction layer, presumably related to an earthquake; (2) analysis of the deformations potentially due to seismic shaking or secondary earthquake effects, detectable on walls; (3) analysis of the depositional characteristics of the collapsed material; (4) investigations of the local geology and geomorphology to define possible natural cause(s) of the destruction; (5) investigations of the local factors affecting the ground motion amplifications; and (6) estimation of the dynamic excitation, which affected the site under investigation. Subsequently, a ‘territorial’ approach testing evidence of synchronous destruction in a certain region may delineate the extent of the area struck by the earthquake. The most reliable results of an archaeoseismological investigation are obtained by application of modern geoarchaeological practice (archaeological stratigraphy plus geological–geomorphological data), with the addition of a geophysicalengineering quantitative approach and (if available) historical information. This gives a basic dataset necessary to perform quantitative analyses which, in turn, corroborate the archaeoseismic hypothesis. Since archaeoseismological investigations can reveal the possible natural causes of destruction at a site, they contribute to the wider field of environmental archaeology, that seeks to define the history of the relationship between humans and the environment. Finally, through the improvement of the knowledge on the past seismicity, these studies can contribute to the regional estimation of seismic hazard.
    Description: Published
    Description: 395-414
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: archaeoseismology ; historical seismology ; geoarchaeology ; environmental archaeology ; natural catastrophes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 15
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    Geophysical Precursors at Vesuvius From Historical and Archeological Sources (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: 0
    Description: Published
    Description: 249-263
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 16
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    The 1780 seismic sequence in NE Sicily (Italy): shifting an underestimated and mislocated earthquake to a seismically low rate zone (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The southernmost sector of the Italian peninsula is crossed by an almost continuous seismogenic belt capable of producing M ~ 7 earthquakes and extending from the Calabrian Arc, through the Messina Straits, as far as Southeastern Sicily. Though large earthquakes occurring in this region during the last Millennium are fairly well known from the historical point of view and seismic catalogues may be considered complete for destructive and badly damaging events (IX £ Io £ XI MCS), the knowledge and seismic completeness of moderate earthquakes can be improved by investigating other kinds of documentary sources not explored by the classical seismological tradition. In this paper, we present a case study explanatory of the problem, regarding the Ionian coast between the Messina Straits and Mount Etna volcano, an area of North-eastern Sicily lacking evidence of relevant seismic activity in historical times. Now, after a systematic analysis of the 18th century journalistic sources (gazettes), this gap can be partly filled by the rediscovery of a seismic sequence that took place in 1780. According to the available catalogues, the only event on record for this year is a minor shock (Io = VI MCS, Mw = 4.8) recorded in Messina on March 28, 1780. The newly discovered data allow to reinstate it as the mainshock (Io = VII–VIII MCS, Mw = 5.6) of a significant seismic period, which went on from March to June 1780, causing severe damage along the Ionian coast of North-eastern Sicily. The source responsible for this event appears located offshore, 40-km south of the previous determination, and is consistent with the Taormina Fault suggested by the geological literature, developing in the low seismic rate zone at the southernmost termination of the 1908 Messina earthquake fault.
    Description: Published
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Historical seismology ; Macroseismic data ; MCS-EMS intensity scales ; 1780 Seismic sequence ; Seismotectonics ; NE Sicily ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 17
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    The 1138-1139 and 1156-1159 destructive seismic crises in Syria, south-eastern Turkey and northern Lebanon (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The aim of this study is to shed light ontwo important destructive seismicsequences, about 20 years apart (1138–1139and 1156–1159), which hit the northernsector of the Dead Sea transform faultsystem (DSTFS), in the easternMediterranean region. Although some ofthese earthquakes were already known to thescholarly tradition, the interpretationsprovided until today have largely beenpartial and characterised by uncertaintiesand discrepancies among the variousauthors. Our study has developed throughresearch into the original Arabic, Syriac,Armenian and Latin texts and a criticalanalysis relating to a territory fragmentedby the presence of the Christian-Latinstates. This analysis has allowed us toshed light on the already existing, albeitoften uncertain, information and to add newelements of these two important series ofearthquake shocks to our knowledge base.As regards the first seismic sequence(October 1138–June 1139), apart from havingdefined the date with greater accuracy,eight new locations affected have beenidentified, unknown to previous studies.The shocks jolted a vast area withdestructive effects, including theterritory of Aleppo (modern Halab, Syria)and the western part of the region ofEdessa (modern Urfa, Turkey).The second seismic sequence (September1156–May 1159) was much longer anddevastating, and hit a huge area, includedbetween the present-day territories ofnorth-western Syria, northern Lebanon andthe region of Antioch (modern Antakya, insouthern Turkey). A detailed analysis ofthe primary sources has allowed toreconstruct the series of shocks withchronological detail of the effects,improving our previous knowledge. Lastly,the authors formulate an hypothesis as tothe possible seismogenic zones affected.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105-127
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Historical earthquakes ; seismic sequences ; Lebanon ; Syria ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Late 17th century earthquakes on the North-African coast (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The recent seismological literature recorded three strong earthquakes in Algeria, Libya and Tunisia between 1656 and 1694 AD. The historical evidence for these derives from European sources only (gazettes, journalistic pamphlets, missionary literature). Considering the kind of sources involved, their likely biases and the geographical distances that divided their places of production from the places that they spoke about, it is possible that some of these accounts could be less than reliable, and therefore have little use as materials from which to assess earthquake parameters. To answer these doubts, we have retrieved, cross-checked and critically analysed the original historical sources quoted in previous compilations and studies.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical Seismology ; North Africa Earthquakes ; Early journalistic sources ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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    Continental Scientific Drilling : a decade of progress and challenges for the future (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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    Earthquake Early Warning Systems (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Observation of the Earth from Space (2006)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 22
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    First appraisal to define prospective seismogenic sources from historical earthquake damages in southern Upper Rhine Graben (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The southern portion ofthe Upper Rhine Graben, a major oblique rift among France, Germany and Switzerland, shows a weak instrumental seismic record despite its remarkable physiographic imprint within the Northern Alpine foreland. Since traces of active deformation can be found in this region and based on experience in other European areas with high seismic hazard and dense population, we searched for past earthquakes recorded in historical catalogues. Based on the fact that tectonic deformation cumulates through geological time and considering that long-term effects tend to leave characteristic signatures on present-day landscape arrangement, our goal was to identify faults that could have caused the damage of recorded historical events. We isolated five main earthquakes, ofmoderate Richter magnitude, essentially located on the E flank of the graben (as is the case with recent seismic activity). To such events, we were able to associate a specific prospective structure through the use ofa procedure thus far successfully employed in Southern European contexts. We concentrated on three events which showed (a) notable sensitivity to the density of the historical felt reports and (b) accordance with on-going subtle deformation pattern. Another, most relevant earthquake (M 5.5) yielded a promising match with the known deformation network in the region. As a template to better constrain earthquake cycle and damage potential, historical seismicity offers an invaluable tool, since it contains a specific record, although not always unambiguous. Cross-checking such data with pertinent geological information allows to devise a realistic fault geometry capable of being responsible for a specific seismic event.
    Description: Published
    Description: 403-425
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismicity ; seismogenic sources ; Upper Rhine Graben ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    Earth Observation with CHAMP : Results from Three Years in Orbit (2005)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antifeedant activity of bisabolangelone and its analogs against larvae of Pieris brassicae (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 53 (1989), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Antifeedant ; insecticide ; bisabolangelone ; analog ; feeding ; growth ; molting ; mortality ; sesquiterpenoid ; development ; phago-stimulant ; Pieris brassicae L. ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; Angelica silvestris L. ; Umbelliferae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bisabolangelone und drei Analoge wurden unter Laboratoriumsbedingungen auf ihre frasshemmende Wirkung in Raupen von Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) geprüft. Die Resultate von Zweifach-Wahlversuchen zeigten, dass sowohl die frasshemmende als auch die insektizide Wirkung von Bisabolangelone in den Analogen stark reduziert ist oder ganz verloren ging. Weitere Untersuchungen mit niedrigen Bisabolangelone-Dosen zeigten, dass das Fehlen von wohlschmeckender Nahrung zu einer drastischen Reduktion der Nahrungsaufnahme und des Wachstums der Raupen sowie zur Verhinderung der Häutung und zu hoher Mortalität führt. Deformationen, wie sie von bisabolangelone-behandelten Vorratsschädlingen gemeldet wurden, konnten bei P. brassicae nicht beobachtet werden.
    Notes: Abstract Bisabolangelone and three analogs were assayed, under laboratory conditions, for their antifeedant activity against Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) larvae. The results of dual-choice studies revealed that the potent antifeedant activity of bisabolangelone is greatly reduced or lost in the analogs. Insecticidal activity observed in the former was not detected either. Further studies using the lower rates of bisabolangelone showed that the absence of a preferable food resulted in a drastic reduction in feeding and growth, and produced high mortality and inhibition of molting. No developmental deformities reported in stored product insects treated with bisabolangelone were observed in P. brassicae during our studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162857
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the genes of interferons and other cytokines in normal and diseased tissues of man (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 526-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Interferon ; cytokines ; interleukins ; gene expression ; transcription ; autoimmune ; disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specific interferon genes are transcribed at low levels in the spleen, liver, and peripheral blood leukocytes of normal individuals in the apparent absence of virus infection while other interferon genes remain unexpressed in the same tissues. In contrast, the genes of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF are expressed at relatively high levels in the organs of normal individuals. The level of expression of the IL-1, IL-6 and TNF genes is markedly reduced in the livers of patients with autoimmune liver disease compared to the level of expression in the liver of normal individuals, whereas the expression of interferon genes is similar in both normal and diseased liver, suggesting that a defect in the expression of specific cytokines is associated with severe liver disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01990502
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth pattern and maturation in arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) of Lake Walenstadt, Switzerland (1989)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 51 (1989), S. 296-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Arctic char ; growth ; maturation ; reoligotrophication ; Lake Walenstadt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Within one decade the yield in arctic char fishery of Lake Walenstadt (Switzerland) has dropped from 1.7 kg · ha−1 to 0.7 kg · ha−1. In the same period growth decreased by about 15%. The fish considered as “degenerated dwarfed chars” by fishermen are supposed to mature in very young ages. The change of the growth pattern can be related to reoligotrophication of the lake and impoverishments of the food source. Compared to other arctic char populations in Switzerland maturation takes place at least one year later.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877173
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and tissue-specific variation in the expression of a closely linked murine multigene family on chromosome 15 that encodes salivary and lacrimal proteins (1989)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 27 (1989), S. 613-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: mouse ; salivary protein ; lacrimal protein ; gene expression ; Spt locus ; multigene family
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The murine submandibular gland (SMG) produces a novel class of highly acidic salivary proteins encoded by one or more highly abundant mRNA transcripts. In inbred mice, these transcripts are encoded by members of a multigene family comprising approximately 8–12 homologues. Most, and probably all, of these homologues are clustered at a new locus near belted (bt) on chromosome 15, which we designateSpt (salivary protein). Although physically closely linked,Spt genes differ in their patterns of expression both in strains of mice and in their tissues. One gene,Spt-1, is expressed at high levels in the SMG of all inbred strains examined. This gene is also expressed at significant levels in the lacrimal gland. A second gene,Spt-2, appears to be present as a single copy in some strains and as two copies in others. This gene is expressed at high levels only in the SMG of those strains carrying two copies, andSpt-2 mRNA is not detectable in the SMG of strains carrying only one copy. In contrast toSpt-1, theSpt-2 gene is not expressed at detectable levels in the lacrimal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553636
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and tissue-specific variation in the expression of a closely linked murine multigene family on chromosome 15 that encodes salivary and lacrimal proteins (1989)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 27 (1989), S. 613-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: mouse ; salivary protein ; lacrimal protein ; gene expression ; Spt locus ; multigene family
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The murine submandibular gland (SMG) produces a novel class of highly acidic salivary proteins encoded by one or more highly abundant mRNA transcripts. In inbred mice, these transcripts are encoded by members of a multigene family comprising approximately 8–12 homologues. Most, and probably all, of these homologues are clustered at a new locus near belted (bt) on chromosome 15, which we designateSpt (salivary protein). Although physically closely linked,Spt genes differ in their patterns of expression both in strains of mice and in their tissues. One gene,Spt-1, is expressed at high levels in the SMG of all inbred strains examined. This gene is also expressed at significant levels in the lacrimal gland. A second gene,Spt-2, appears to be present as a single copy in some strains and as two copies in others. This gene is expressed at high levels only in the SMG of those strains carrying two copies, andSpt-2 mRNA is not detectable in the SMG of strains carrying only one copy. In contrast toSpt-1, theSpt-2 gene is not expressed at detectable levels in the lacrimal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02396156
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    Regulation of human and murine complement: Comparison of 5′ structural and functional elements regulating human and murine complement factor B gene expression (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 89 (1989), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: complement ; factor B ; gene expression ; interferon-ψ ; interleukin-1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The serine protease complement factor B (Bf), an acute phase plasma protein, is a component of the alternative pathway of complement activation. Previous studies revealed that several cytokines including IFN-γ and IL-1 are involved in mediating acute phase Bf expression. To determine the molecular details of Bf expression we isolated, sequenced and characterized the 5′ flanking regions of the human and murine Bf genes. In both species the Bf transcriptional start site in liver was located 〈400 by 3′ to the polyadenylation site of the upstream C2 gene. This upstream intergenic region contained 〉65% nucleotide homology between species. Within this region, an IRS and three heat shock consensus elements were found in the murine sequence in an identical position to that of the human. To examine the functional details of Bf expression, a series of mouse and human Bf promoter - chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) chimeric gene constructs were transfected into mouse L or human HepG2 cells. Analysis of expression of these fusion gene constructs revealed that 1) cis-acting DNA sequences identified, at least in part, in the 3′ untranslated region of the C2 gene (within the 400 by upstream of the Bf cap site) mediate responsiveness to IL-1 and IFN-γ, 2) the responsiveness to each mediator appears to be conferred by separate upstream regions similar in position and homologous in man and mouse, and 3) the IL-1 responsive region in both species appears to have the characteristics of an enhancer element. The results of this analysis suggest a selective pressure to conserve the intergenic sequence between C2 and Bf genes and that further studies of these sequences will be useful in elucidating mechanisms controlling the acute phase response.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228274
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential early activation of defense-related genes in elicitor-treated parsley cells (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: differential cDNA screening ; gene expression ; hybrid-select in vitro translation ; nuclear run-off transcription ; RNA blot hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA library from cultured parsley (Petroselinum crispum) cells was differentially screened using labeled run-off transcripts derived from nucleic of elicitor-treated and untreated cells. This resulted in the isolation of 18 independent cDNA families representing putative defense-related genes. All genes are rapidly and transiently activated after elicitor application, but the time courses of transcriptional activity exhibit considerable variations, indicating differences in the mechanisms of gene regulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020507
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A unified matrix hypothesis of DNA-directed morphogenesis, protodynamism and growth control (1989)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 9 (1989), S. 157-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: matrix hypothesis ; morphogenesis ; protodynamics ; growth control ; DNA ; genome organisation ; gene expression ; gene regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical concept is proposed, in order to explain some enigmatic aspects of cellular and molecular biology of eukaryotic organisms. Among these are the C-value paradox of DNA redundancy, the correlation of DNA content and cell size, the disruption of genes at DNA level, the “Chromosome field” data of Lima de Faria (Hereditas 93∶1, 1980), the “quantal mitosis” proposition of Holtzeret al. (Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 7∶229 1972), the inheritance of morphological patterns, the relations of DNA and chromosome organisation to cellular structure and function, the molecular basis of speciation, etc. The basic proposition of the “Unified Matrix Hypothesis” is that the nuclear DNA has a direct morphogenic function, in addition to its coding function in protein synthesis. This additional genetic information is thought to be largely contained in the non-protein coding transcribed DNA, and in the untranscribed part of the genome.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01115994
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of an active spinach acyl carrier protein-I/protein-A gene fusion (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: acyl carrier protein ; fatty acid synthesis ; gene expression ; gene fusion ; protein A ; spinach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A synthetic gene encoding spinach acyl carrier protein I (ACP-I) was fused to a gene encoding the Fc-binding portion of staphylococcal protein A. This gene fusion, under the control of the λPR promoter, was expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli producing a 42 kDa fusion protein. This fusion protein was phosphopantethenylated in E. coli. In vitro the ACP portion of the fusion protein was able to participate in acyl ACP synthetase reactions, plant malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase (MCT) reactions, and plant fatty acid synthetase (FAS) reactions. Inhibitory effects of high ACP concentrations on in vitro plant FAS were observed with the unfused ACP-1 but not with the fusion protein. As with unfused ACP-I, the fusion protein was a poor substrate for E. coli FAS reactions. When injected into rabbits, the fusion protein was also able to generate antiserum to spinach ACP-I.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017452
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    cDNA sequence and differential expression of the gene encoding the glutamine synthetase γ polypeptide ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 553-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cDNA sequence ; gene expression ; glutamine synthetase ; legume-Rhizobium symbiosis ; nitrogen metabolism ; Phaseolus vulgaris L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report the sequence of an essentially full-length glutamine synthetase (GS) cDNA clone (pcGS-γ1) isolated from a root nodule library ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. The polypeptide encoded by this cDNA has been producedin vitro by transcription/translation and shown to co-migrate on two-dimensional gels with the previously identified major cytosolic GS polypeptide (γ) of nodules. Two previously identified GS cDNA clones, pR-2 and pR-1 (see Gebhardtet al., EMBO J 5: 1429–1435, 1986) have similarly been shown to encode the α and β cytosolic GS polypeptides respectively. An RNase protection technique has been used to analyse specifically and quantitatively the abundance of mRNA related to these three GS cDNAs and to the cDNA (pcGS-δ1) encoding the chloroplast-located GS, during nodulation. Differences in the abundances of these mRNAs at different times suggest that they are not coordinately regulated. Moreover, using this technique mRNA specifically related to pcGS-γ1 was found at high levels in nodules but not in roots or leaves. Surprisingly the expression of this gene is not nodule-specific as previously suggested, as its mRNA was also detected, but at lower levels, in stems, petioles and in green cotyledons. By comparison, mRNA related to a leghaemoglobin gene was detected only in nodules. Comparisons of the relative abundances of the pcGS-γ1 mRNA and the γ polypeptide in different organs and at different stages during nodulation, suggest that the appearance of the γ polypeptide is largely under transcriptional control.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036969
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antisense RNA inhibition of β-glucuronidase gene expression in transgenic tobacco plants (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 13 (1989), S. 399-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: antisense RNA ; β-glucuronidase ; tobacco ; transgenic plants ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Antisense RNA was used to specifically inhibit the expression of a GUS gene introduced in a transgenic plant. A tobacco transformant containing a single intact copy of the GUS gene and showing relatively high constitutive levels of GUS activity (GUS+) was re-transformed with an Agrobacterium Ti-derived binary vector containing an antisense version of this reporter gene. The sense and antisense GUS genes were each under the regulation of the CaMV 35S promoter. Re-transformed plants contained 1–5 copies of the antisense construct and all showed a greater than 90% reduction in GUS activity relative to the original GUS+ plant. This reduction in GUS activity correlated closely with the levels of GUS enzyme and steady state GUS mRNA observed in these plants. The relatively low levels of sense and antisense GUS transcripts found in the re-transformed plants may indicate a rapid degradation of the RNA:RNA duplex in the cell.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015552
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    Involvement of Rhizobium leguminosarum nodulation genes in gene expression in pea root hairs (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 157-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: deformation factor ; gene expression ; pea ; Rhizobium leguminosarum ; root hairs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mRNA population in pea root hairs was characterized by means of in vitro translation of total root hair RNA followed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the translation products. Root hairs contain several mRNAs not detectable in total RNA preparations from roots. Most of these root hair-specific mRNAs occur in elongating root hairs at higher levels than in mature root hairs. The expression of some genes in pea root hairs is typically affected by inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum. One gene, encoding RH-42, is specifically induced while the expression of another gene, encoding RH-44, is markedly enhanced. Using R. leguminosarum mutants it was shown that the nodC gene is required for the induction and enhancement of expression of the RH-42 and RH-44 genes, respectively, while the Rhizobium chromosomal gene pss1, involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis, is not essential. After induction of the nod genes with apigenin the bacteria excrete into the culture medium a factor that causes root hair deformation. This deformation factor stimulates the expression of the RH-44 gene but does not induce the expression of the gene encoding RH-42.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020501
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    Phytochrome control of multiple transcripts of the phytochrome gene in Pisum sativum (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 295-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: gene expression ; multiple transcripts ; phytochrome ; Pisum sativum ; red/far-red reversible effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The reversible effect of red and far-red light on the level of two RNA transcripts of the single-copy phytochrome gene in pea was investigated using the primer extension assay. In dark-grown seedlings, a brief irradiation with red light markedly reduced the level of one of the phytochrome transcripts, RNA1. This red light effect was reversed by subsequent irradiation with far-red light. The other phytochrome transcript, RNA2, was only slightly influenced by light. In light-grown seedlings, a brief irradiation with far-red light increased the content of both RNA1 and RNA2 when the seedlings were transferred from light to darkness. This far-red light effect was reversible by subsequent red light irradiation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043206
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    Structure and expression of the maize gene encoding the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase isozyme involved in C4 photosynthesis (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 579-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: C4 photosynthesis ; gene structure ; gene expression ; genetic variation ; silent substitution ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have determined the structure of the maize (Zea mays L. subsp.mays line B73) nuclear gene encoding the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase isozyme involved in C4 photosynthesis. The gene is 5.3 kb long and has ten exons that range in size from 85 to 999 bp. The nine introns vary from 97 to 872 bp. The sequence of 663 bp of 5′-flanking and 205 bp of 3′-flanking DNA is reported along with the entire gene sequence. Several short repetitive sequences were found in the 5′-flanking DNA that have characteristics similar to elements important in the light regulation of pea genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. In addition, some 5′-flanking sequence similarities were found in a comparison with other light-regulated genes from maize and wheat. The level of DNA sequence variation among different PEP carboxylase alleles is similar to the allelic variation observed for several other maize nuclear genes. The data suggest modern maize variaties have retained much of the genetic variation present in their ancestral forms. Finally, accumulation of transcripts encoding the PEP carboxylase isozyme involved in C4 photosynthesis is quite high in several structures besides leaves, including inner leaf sheaths, tassels and husks. This indicates that expression of this gene is not leaf-specific and may not necessarily be coupled to the development of Kranz anatomy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036971
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    The bifunctional α-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor of barley: nucleotide sequence and patterns of seed-specific expression (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 673-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: amylase inhibitor ; barley ; cDNA sequence ; gene expression ; hormonal regulation ; protease inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have cloned and sequenced a full-length cDNA from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds encoding the bifunctional α-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor (BASI). The nucleotide sequence predicts an open reading frame coding for a protein of 203 amino acids. The first 22 amino acids exhibit the sequence characteristic of a signal peptide, as found in several other plant protease inhibitors. Northern blot hybridization experiments indicate that BASI mRNA accumulation is strictly tissue-specific and is developmentally programmed. BASI mRNA transcripts were only identified in 1) developing starchy endosperm tissue from 14 days after flowering and 2) aleurone tissue of germinating seeds. In this latter tissue, BASI mRNA accumulation is enhanced by abscisic acid and abolished by gibberellic acid. Expression of BASI mRNA was also studied in the lys 3a high-lysine barley mutants Risø No. 1508 and Piggy. These high-lysine barleys show 2–4-fold higher levels as well as prolonged accumulation of BASI mRNA compared to the normal motherline Bomi. This correlates with the increased deposition of BASI protein in lys 3a barley mutants. Genomic blot analysis of barley DNA suggests that there are one or two BASI structural genes per haploid genome. Possible roles of BASI as part of a defence mechanism against precocious germination and pathogens are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044158
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    Effects of cadmium on gene expression in cadmium-tolerant and cadmium-sensitiveDatura innoxia cells (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 487-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cadmium ; Datura innoxia ; gene expression ; heat shock ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of Cd on gene expression in suspension cultures of twoDatura innoxia cell lines with differing Cd tolerance was studied.In vivo labeling experiments using [3H] leucine showed that Cd induced the synthesis of a similar range of proteins in both cell lines at a concentration which will kill the sensitive but not the tolerant cells. Corresponding changes in levels of translatable mRNA were also observed. The induction of the synthesis of proteins by Cd was transient since Cd-tolerant cells growing continuously in 250 μM CdCl2 contained a similar set ofin vitro translation products to cells growing in the absence of Cd. Although Cd had a similar effect on gene expression in both cell lines, Cd-tolerant cells possess two abundant mRNAs which are constitutively produced. These mRNAs encode proteins of low molecular weight (about 11 kDa) and are either absent or present at a low level in Cd-sensitive cells. The functions of these proteins are not known but they may be involved in the tolerance mechanism. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ofin vitro translation products showed that many of the Cd-induced proteins are also induced by heat shock. A 42°C heat shock resulted in agreater range and more intense induction of translatable mRNAs than 4 h exposure to 250 μM CdCl2. However a subset of mRNAs were induced specifically by Cd while other mRNAs were heat shock-specific. There was no difference in the ability of the two cell lines to tolerate heat shock. This was also reflected by the same pattern of major proteins induced by heat shock in the two cell lines.
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    Expression of Anabaena ferredoxin genes in Escherichia coli (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 667-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: ferredoxin ; gene expression ; heterocyst ; Anabaena 7120 ; Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genes for ferredoxin from heterocysts (fdx H) and vegetative cells (pet F) of Anabaena sp. strain 7120 were subcloned into plasmid pUC 18/19. Both genes were expressed in Escherichia coli at high levels (≈10% of total protein). Pet F could be expressed from its own promoter. The ferredoxins were correctly assembled to the holoprotein. Heterocyst ferredoxin was purified from E. coli extracts on a large scale. Its biochemical and biophysical properties were identical to those of the authentic ferredoxin, isolated from Anabaena heterocysts.
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    Isolation, characterization and sequence analysis of a full-length cDNA clone encoding NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase from cucumber (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 13 (1989), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cDNA ; gene expression ; hydroxypyruvate reductase ; light regulation ; peroxisomal enzyme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A full-length cDNA encoding NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR), a photorespiratory enzyme localized in leaf peroxisomes, was isolated from a λgt11 cDNA library made by reverse transcription of poly(A)+ RNA from cucumber cotyledons. In vitro transcription and translation of this clone yielded a major polypeptide which was identical in size, 43 kDA, to the product of in vitro translation of cotyledonary poly(A)+ RNA and subsequent immunoprecipitation with HPR antiserum. Escherichia coli cultures transformed with a plasmid construct containing the cDNA insert were induced to express HPR enzyme activity. RNA blot analysis showed that HPR transcript levels rise significantly in the first eight days of light-grown seedling development. This closely resembles the pattern seen for HPR-specific translatable mRNA. DNA blot analysis indicated that a single HPR gene is likely present per haploid genome. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1146 bases which encodes a polypeptide with a calculated molecular weight of 41.7 kDa. The derived amino acid sequence from this open reading frame is 26% identical and 50% similar to the amino acid sequence of the E. coli enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes a similar reaction and functions in a related pathway. Statistical analyses show that this similarity is significant (z〉10). The derived amino acid sequence for HPR also contains the characteristics of an NAD-binding domain.
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    Operculum development in theEudesmieae B eucalypts andEucalyptus caesia (Myrtaceae) (1989)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 165 (1989), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Eucalyptus ; Eudesmieae ; Floral morphology ; calyx ; corolla ; operculum ; growth ; allometry ; convergence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In theEudesmieae B eucalypts and inEucalyptus caesia, the perianth of the mature flower consists of a single, anatomically continuous, opercular structure that is crowned by the tips of the original free and separate calycine and corolline whorls. Ontogenetic and comparative evidence supports the hypothesis that this operculum is mostly corolline in composition, and that the calycine parts have been elevated distally onto the dorsal surface. In theEudesmieae B eucalypts this condition appears to be due to precocious initiation of the corolline primordia, followed by expansion and continuity of their growth centres which incorporates the areas at or below the base of the still differentiating calycine whorl. InEucalyptus caesia the corolline primordia are not precocious, but a similar situation is effected by a seemingly retarded increase in receptacle diameter relative to lateral expansion of the corolline growth centre(s). In these two examples the same final perianth form apparently derives from two different sets of growth processes which, nonetheless, result in the same allometric relationships within the developing flower. Although identical at maturity, the operculum form in these two taxa is best described in terms of convergence, rather than homology.
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    Light, temperature and nitrogen starvation effects on the total lipid and fatty acid content and composition ofSpirulina platensis UTEX 1928 (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 1 (1989), S. 201-209 
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    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: cyanobacteria ; blue-green algae ; biosynthesis ; growth ; gamma linolenic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The total lipid and fatty acid content ofSpirulina platensis UTEX 1928 was 7.2 and 2.2% respectively of cellular dry weight under controlled conditions supporting high growth rates. With increases in irradiance from 170 to 870 μmol photon m−2 s−1, growth rate increased, total lipid decreased, and fatty acid composition was unaffected. At 1411 μmol photon m−2 s−1, total lipid increased slightly and percent composition of the fatty acid gamma linolenic acid increased. Growth and total lipid content ofS. platensis were affected by changes in growth temperature from 25 to 38 °C. With increased growth rate, total lipid content increased. This suggests that the storage of carbon increases at temperatures supporting high growth rates. The degree of saturation increased with temperature. Although the percent composition of gamma linolenic acid was higher at lower growth temperature, production was still primarily a function of growth rate. The effect of temperature on fatty acid content and degree of saturation was of secondary importance. Nitrogen starvation increased total lipid content but decreased fatty acid content as a percentage of dry weight; composition of the fatty acids was unaffected. N-starvation appeared to suspend synthesis of long chain fatty acids inS. platensis, suggesting that some other compound stores fixed carbon when nitrogen is limiting. It was concluded that fatty acid production inS. platensis is maximized by optimizing culture conditions for growth.
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    Changes in gene expression in the rat brain induced by Zajdela's ascites hepatoma (1989)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 108 (1989), S. 999-1001 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: brain ; gene expression ; mRNA ; transplantable hepatomas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00839794
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    Neurons containing cholecystokinin mRNA in the mammillary region: ontogeny and adult distribution in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 9 (1989), S. 281-294 
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    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: cholecystokinin ; mammillary region ; development ; gene expression ; hybridization histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The ontogeny and adult distribution of neurons containing cholecystokinin (CCK) mRNA in the premammillary and mammillary nuclei and supramammillary region of the rat brain were studied using hybridization histochemistry. 2. The earliest detection of CCK mRNA in the mammillary region was on E14, followed by a marked increase in transcript levels during the next 4 days, a time during which neurons in this region still divide. During the first 2 weeks of life, few changes in the levels of CCK transcripts were seen, and an adult-like pattern of expression was seen on the twenty-first day of life. 3. Low levels of transcripts were present in numerous neurons located in all divisions of the medial nucleus and in the posterior nucleus known to project ipsilaterally to the anteroventral and anteromedial thalamic nuclei. In contrast, none of the neurons in the lateral nucleus (projecting bilaterally to the anterodorsal thalamic nucleus) had detectable transcripts. 4. Many neurons in the supramammillary nucleus had low, moderate, or high levels of transcripts. Some nearby nuclei (such as the dorsal premammillary nucleus) had smaller numbers of neurons with low levels of CCK mRNA, whereas others (such as the ventral premammillary nucleus) had none.
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    Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on growth and phosphorus and zinc nutrition of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in an Oxisol from subtropical Australia (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 117 (1989), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: growth ; nutrition ; peanuts ; phosphorus ; VA mycorrhizae ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Peanut plants (cv. Shulamit) were grown in an Oxisol soil in pots in the glasshouse to assess effects of soil sterilization and inoculation with spores of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) on the response to five rates of phosphorus (0 to 240 kg P ha−1) and two rates of zinc (0 and 10 kg Zn ha−1) fertilizers. Both P and Zn nutrition were affected by VAMF activity but the dominant role of VAMF in this soil type was in uptake of P. In the absence of VAMF there was a clear threshold level of P application (60 kg P ha−1) below which plants grew poorly, which resulted in a sigmoidal response of dry matter to applied P. The maximum response was not fully defined because dry matter production continued to increase up to 240 kg P ha−1. Tissue P concentration of non-mycorrhizal plants increased linearly with P rate and was always significantly less than that in mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal plants responded without threshold to increasing P rate, attaining maximum dry matter at 120 kg P ha−1 in inoculated sterilized soil and at 30 kg P ha−1 in nonsterile soil. These differences in maximal P rates and in the greater dry matter produced in sterile soil at high P rates were attributed to the negative effects of the root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne hapla in nonsterile soil. Plant weight did not respond to zinc fertilizer but tissue Zn concentration increased with applied Zn. Tissue Zn concentration and uptake were increased by VAMF.
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    Influence of suboptimal temperature on biomass production of potato populations of Andean and European origin (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 44 (1989), S. 23-35 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum sp. ; Solanum tuberosum ; potato ; biomass production ; growth ; frost tolerance ; genetic variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Plants grown from seed derived by crossing conventional European S. tuberosum material were compared with plants grown from seed derived by crossing S. tuberosum with various, Andean frost resistant tuberbearing Solanum species. Biomass growth at optimal (20°/10°) and suboptimal (10°/4°) temperatures was studied. Differences in increase of fresh and dry matter were found between populations of Andean and European orgins at 10°/4°. At 20°/10° no such differences were found. At suboptimal temperature, Andean hybrids produced significantly more fresh and dry matter than European crosses in two harvests (64 and 178 days old plants). Statistically, Andean hybrids were found to produce the same amount of dry matter per day at both temperatures, over the complete growth period. Height increase and flower development were strongly depressed in European crosses under the suboptimal temperatures, but much less so in Andean crosses. The Andean material appears to be an under utilized resource in potato breeding for cool climates.
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    Effect of ‘Mixtalol’ on growth, yield and yield components of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) (1989)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 8 (1989), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Mixtalol ; long chain alcohols ; Indian mustard ; Brassica juncea ; growth ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Mixtalol (a mixture of long chain aliphatic alcohols varying in chain length from C24 to C32) applied to Brassica juncea plants as foliar spray caused an increase in secondary and tertiary branching with consequent enhancement in seed yield through increased number of inflorescences and siliquae per plant. The percentage of immature siliquae and shattering of siliquae decreased with this treatment. Mixtalol increased total dry matter of plants, partitioning coefficient and harvest index. The contents of starch, protein and oil were also higher in seeds from Mixtalol treated plants.
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    The diet and growth of O-group flounder, Platichthys flesus (L.), in the River Dee, North Wales (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 178 (1989), S. 193-198 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: diet ; growth ; flounder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Many O-group flounder, Platichthys flesus, live in the lower reaches of rivers in North West Europe; while there is extensive information on the niche that they occupy in estuarine and marine environments, little is known of their life in freshwater. The diet of O-group flounder in the Lower Welsh River Dee was studied by stomach contents analysis of diel and seasonal samples. The dominant prey were chironomid larvae and pupae, tubificid oligochaetes and cyclopoid copepods. There was little quantitative variation in diet temporally, although a weak crepuscular pattern of stomach fullness was shown. There was wide variation in length and weight in all months, but the mean values at age I were 60 mm and 2.9 g respectively.
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    A holistic approach to ecosystem health assessment using fish population characteristics (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 188-189 (1989), S. 123-135 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: ecosystem stress ; fish populations ; growth ; fecundity ; condition factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The status of a fish population is a reflection of the overall condition of the aquatic environment in which that population resides. As such, fish population characteristics can be used as indicators of environmental health. Simple and inexpensive methods to follow fish population responses to environmental degradation are lacking. This paper outlines a protocol whereby environmental impacts on fish populations are classified by five patterns based on characteristics such as mean age, fecundity and condition factor. The patterns summarize population changes and describe responses to exploitation, recruitment failure, the presence of multiple stressors, food limitation and niche shifts. Classification is best based on the selection, and appropriate sampling, of a comparable reference population. Population characteristics can be used to examine ecosystems exposed to stressors for evidence of long-term damage, and when used with biochemical indicators, can be a powerful tool for ecosystem health assessment. The five responses are illustrated using published data on a number of species challenged by increased predation pressure, acidification, eutrophication, mine waste and reservoir impoundment. Application of this scheme will aid in directing and focusing research efforts on crucial aspects impacted by changing conditions.
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    The life cycle and growth ofIsoperla grammatica andI. difformis (Plecoptera) in southernmost Sweden: intra- and interspecific considerations (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 175 (1989), S. 97-108 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Plecoptera ; Isoperla ; life cycles ; growth ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies on the life cycle and growth ofIsoperia grammatica andI. difformis from eight southern Swedish streams demonstrated that the former species shows greater between-stream differences than the latter species.I. grammatica larvae had typically two periods of rapid growth, autumn and spring, whileI. difformis larvae grew mainly in autumn-winter. In one of the streams, however,I grammatica grew rapidly throughout all winter. Maximum larval size differed between streams, and so did the timing of the first appearance of nymphs and nymphal maturation. Temperature was probably the most influential factor explaining all these differences. While sexual dimorphism inI. grammatica is slight but significant, it is very prominent inI. difformis. The sizes of larvae overlapped little between species as well as sexes suggesting that intra- and interspecific competition was, or had been, important. InI. grammatica this reduced overlap was expressed in several size-classes of males and females successively replacing each other, resulting in a meandering pattern of the size distribution charts. There were additional indications of possible interactions, such as a significant negative correlation between the densities of the two species.
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    Effect of copper and zinc on the growth and emergence of Epeorus latifolium (Ephemeroptera) in an indoor model stream (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 174 (1989), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: effects ; heavy metals (Cu, Zn) ; mayfly ; growth ; emergence ; indoor artificial streams
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of Cu and Zn through food as well as through the water on the growth and emergence of the young larvae of Epeorus latifolium (Ephemeroptera), were investigated using an indoor model stream. The critical lowest concentrations of Cu which have significant effects on the growth of the larvae were between 10 and 15 µg l-1 Cu. Growth and emergence of the larvae fed on the algae (diatoms) which accumulated more than 1000 µg Cu g-1 (dry wt.) were significantly impaired. Growth of the mayfly larvae exposed to 100 or 300 µg l-1 Zn ceased after the second week, and all died before emergence. At 30 µg l-1 Zn, the growth rate decreased gradually and many larvae died before emergence. The molt interval also nearly doubled that of the control at these concentrations. Growth and emergence of the mayfly fed the algae which accumulated more than 2000 µg g-1 of Zn were significantly affected.
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    Daily changes of uptake of inorganic carbon and nitrogen, and their relation to phytoplankton blooms in late spring-early summer in Lake Nakanuma, Japan (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 185 (1989), S. 223-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: ammonium uptake ; carbon uptake ; chlorophyll a ; growth ; loss ; phytoplankton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Daily changes of inorganic carbon and nitrogen uptake were measured in May in 1986 in Lake Nakanuma, Japan. Uptake of inorganic carbon and ammonium in the light-bottle experiments in the 1 m layers, showed daily changes similar to chlorophyll a changes, though the uptake activities peaked before chlorophyll a peaks (phytoplankton blooms) appeared. Potential growth rates of phytoplankton and observed growth rates were calculated from the uptake rates and chlorophyll a changes. The potential growth rates did not always correspond to the observed growth rates. The potential growth rates did not correlate with the loss rates. The correlation between the observed growth rates and the loss rates was better. These results suggest that though the increase of uptake activities may be necessary for occurrence of phytoplankton blooms, loss processes may affect the occurrence of blooms.
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    Endocrinology and fish farming: Aspects in reproduction, growth, and smoltification (1989)
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    Fish physiology and biochemistry 7 (1989), S. 395-405 
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    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: endocrinology ; fish ; farming ; reproduction ; spawning ; sex control ; growth ; smoltification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004734
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    Growth and acetylene reduction activity by intact plants ofAlnus incana under field conditions (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 118 (1989), S. 61-73 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alnus incana ; field ; Frankia ; growth ; intact plants ; nitrogenase activity ; nitrogen fixation ; photosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The nitrogen-fixing grey alder,Alnus incana (L.) Moench, has a potential use in forest soil restoration and as part of energy forestry plantations. As a first step to estimate nitrogen fixation byA. incana under field conditions we performed studies on nitrogenase activity and its possible relation to abiotic factors and growth of the alders. Nitrogenase activity was measured as acetylene reduction activity (ARA) on eleven 1-year-old seedlings ofA. incana inoculated with a local source ofFrankia and planted in an experimental plot located in Umeå, northern Sweden. Each alder was planted into an open-ended cylinder which was closed with a gas tight lid around the stem base to serve as cuvette during ARA measurements. Propane served as tracer gas. ARA was measured in the middle of the day at 15 occasions during 26 June to 29 September 1987. Growth was recorded as leaf area and top shoot length at each ARA measurement until the end of August. Weather conditions were recorded for the whole growing season. Maximal ARA was recorded in late July or early August and ranged from 1.86 to 106μmol C2H4plant−1h−1. Final leaf area ranged from 0.022 to 0.124 m2. A relationship between ARA and the number of hours of sunshine during the same day was observed. ARA in relation to soil temperature increased during the study period, except for the last measurements. ARA in relation to leaf area was initially high but decreased later on. It is suggested that as leaves got older their contribution to photosynthesis per unit leaf area decreased and their potential to deliver nitrogen for retranslocation within plant increased. Both of these events would cause reduced ARA per unit leaf area. The data on ARA, growth, and abiotic factors taken together supported the view that sunshine and weather conditions affected photosynthesis and thereby delivery of assimilates to the nodules.
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    Influence of 2-deoxy-D-glucose upon growth and invertase activity of carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell suspension cultures (1989)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 16 (1989), S. 89-102 
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    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Daucus carota ; suspension cultures ; 2-deoxy-D-glucose ; invertase ; sugars ; growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell suspension cultures grew well when provided with glucose, fructose, sucrose or raffinose. Galactose and melibiose supported less growth unless supplemented with glucose or fructose. In combination with ten different sugar mixtures, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (dGlc) inhibited culture growth. Inhibitory effects of dGlc were more marked with fructose, melibiose, raffinose or mixtures of these sugars in the culture medium. The presence of glucose or galactose reduced the inhibitory effects of dGlc on culture growth. Experiments with radioactive labelled sugars demonstrated that dGLc uptake was greater in the presence of fructose than glucose, and that growth inhibition of dGlc coincided with its uptake. Reduced protein content was also associated with the inhibitory effects of dGlc. Cultured cells contained lower levels of invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) activity during the active phase of culture growth (up to 25 days after subculture) than when growth had peaked and subsequently declined. Acid and alkaline invertase activities were not greatly reduced by exogenous hexoses. Invertase activity was greatest during periods of low protein content in all cultures and was inhibited by dGlc during the latter phases of the culture period. Free intracellular sugars throughout the culture period consisted mainly of glucose and fructose.
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    Smoltification induced by a ‘skeleton’ photoperiod in underyearling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) (1989)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 6 (1989), S. 11-18 
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    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: skeleton photoperiod ; smolt ; endogenous rhythm ; growth ; osmoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Underyearling coho salmon fry were subjected to three initial photoperiod treatments (6L∶18D, 10L∶14D, 14L∶10D) for two months and subsequently to three final treatments (16L∶8D, 9L∶6D∶1L∶8D, 10L∶14D) in a factorial design. Growth rates and seawater adaptability were monitored regularly. The groups that were exposed initially to 6L∶18D or 10L∶14D and then to 16L∶8D grew faster and had lower plasma sodium ion levels after seawater challenge tests than any of the other groups. Fish which were initially exposed to 6 L or 10 L daylength and then to a 9L∶6D∶1L∶8D skeleton photoperiod, showed a slightly lower growth rate and seawater adaptability than those given the corresponding complete 16L∶8D photoperiod. However fish maintained on skeleton photoperiods had significantly greater growth rates and seawater adaptability than those kept on the 10L∶14D photoperiod. This indicates that it is not the accumulated number of hours of exposure to light that initiates smolting, but rather the time during the day when light is experienced. Fish exposed initially to 14L∶10D showed little or no response to subsequent changes in photoperiod, suggesting that responsiveness to inductive photoperiods depends on the initial photoperiod treatment.
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    Endocrinology and fish culture (1989)
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    Fish physiology and biochemistry 7 (1989), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: fish ; endocrinology ; reproduction ; hypophysation ; growth ; stress ; behavior ; fish culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the current practice of fish culture the use of hormones is mainly limited to the field of reproduction, and more precisely to induce or synchronize ovulation and stimulate spermiation. The practice of pituitary homogenates injection (called hypophysation) which started in the early 1930's has allowed spectacular developments in the culture of some cyprinid species, especially in China, India and Europe. HCG has been used successfully in a limited number of species and LHRH-A, often associated with antidopaminergic compounds, started to be used in some species, especially cyprinids, on a commercial scale. Sex steroids are now commonly used to reverse the sex of some species in salmonids, cyprinids, tilapias. Due to legal restriction and consumer opposition, the tendency is to limit the use of steroids, especially in fish which are later offered to consumption. GH, which significantly stimulates growth and reduces the food conversion rate in laboratory experiments, will possibly be used on a large scale in fish farms. Endocrinology has considerably increased the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling some physiological functions; this has allowed the identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity, and helps in the management and the process of domestication (most of the cultured fish species have been taken form the wild recently).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004689
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    The growth and reproductive endocrinology of adult triploid Pacific salmonids (1989)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 6 (1989), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: growth ; endocrinology ; reproduction ; triploid ; salmonid ; sterilization ; aquaculture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the effect of triploidy on growth and reproductive endocrinology in the months leading up to and including spawning in rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri, and pink salmon,Oncorhynchus gorbuscha. Growth rates were the same for diploid and triploid rainbow trout, but triploid female pink salmon were smaller than maturing diploid females and diploid and triploid males of the same age. Triploid males of both species developed typical secondary sexual characteristics and had normal endocrine profiles, although their cycle appeared to be delayed by about one month. Triploid females remained silvery in appearance and showed no endocrine signs of maturation, even at the level of the pituitary. Thus, although triploids of both sexes are genetically sterile, only the females do not undergo physiological maturation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01875483
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    The effect of feeding three anabolic steroids in different combinations on the growth, food conversion efficiency and protein and nucleic acid levels of liver, kidney, brain and muscle of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) (1989)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 6 (1989), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: carp ; anabolic-androgenic steriods ; growth ; tissue RNA/DNA ratios
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A study on the effect of three different anabolic-androgenic steroids on the growth, food conversion efficiency and nucleic acid contents of liver, kidney, brain and muscle of carp,Cyprinus carpio was undertaken. The three steroids, methyltestosterone (MT), ethylestrenol (EE) and oxandrolone (ON), were fed in different combinations at final concentrations of 5 or 6 mg/kg diet for 60 days. No effect on the growth was observed in any of the experimental groups. A decrease in the specific growth rate (11–21%) and food conversion efficiency (20–29%) was noted. Feeding of drugs increased the cranio-somatic and reno-somatic index in all except one group. Hepatosomatic (ON+MT) and viscero-somatic (ON+MT; EE+MT+ON) indices decreased. Protein increased and RNA/DNA decreased in only one group while a decrease in protein/DNA was observed in the liver of all experimental groups. RNA/DNA increased and protein/RNA decreased only in one group while no effect was seen in protein and protein/DNA contents in any of the treated kidneys. Proteins, protein/RNA and protein/DNA decreased in certain groups in brain tissue. In muscle, no effect was seen in proteins or protein/DNA. Protein/RNA decreased in all but one group while RNA/DNA was higher only in the group fed all the three steroids together.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874771
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    Toxicokinetics of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) in the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1989-2001 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: European corn borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; corn ; DIMBOA ; 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one ; tritiated DIMBOA ; toxicokinetics ; topical application ; body burden ; growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), the major hydroxamic acid present in corn, and its tritiated derivative, were prepared synthetically for use in the determination of the toxicokinetics of this insect deterrent in the European corn borer (ECB),Ostrinia nubilalis. In growth studies with DIMBOA (0, 0.05, 0.2, and 0.5 mg/g diet), the mean time to pupation and adult emergence were significantly lengthened by an increase in concentration. Pupal and adult weights, for both female and male, decreased with an increase in concentration. Increased larval and pupal mortality occurred at the highest concentration of DIMBOA. DIMBOA, at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 mg/g diet, resulted in a decrease in the number of egg masses produced per female, and at 0.5 mg/g diet, in a decrease in the number of eggs per egg mass. Larvae fed from the neonate stage on a diet containing 0.2 mg [3H]- + [1H]DIMBOA/g diet showed an increase in the content of label from fourth to fifth instar, but levels declined at pupation and emergence. A large amount of the labeled compounds was excreted by the insect in the pupal case. In dose-related studies, both uptake and excretion increased with an increase in concentration of DIMBOA (0.05, 0.2, 0.4 mg/g diet), while a body burden (concentration in the tissues/concentration in the frass) of approximately 0.25 was maintained for all concentrations. At the highest dose of DIMBOA (0.4 mg/g), the ECB increased consumption, possibly to compensate for the toxic effects of the compound. In topical application studies, elimination of the labeled compound in the frass was rapid, reaching 65% by 4 hr and 88% by 48 hr. Accumulation of label in tissues other than hemolymph was low. The results show that the ECB does possess adaptive mechanisms to deal with the effects of this host-derived compound.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01207432
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    Heart anatomy and developmental biology (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 910-919 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Heart embryology ; developmental biology ; differentiation ; morphogenesis ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The subject of heart development has attracted the interest of many embryologists over the last two centuries. As a result, the main morphologic features of the developmental anatomy of the heart are already well established. Although there are still some controversial points, and there is probably much descriptive work yet to be done, emphasis is currently being placed on developmental mechanisms rather than simply on descriptive facts. The availability of new techniques and the overall advances in biological research are placing heart embryology in a new perspective. Today, we do not simply ask whether one or another embryonic structure arises further right or further left; instead, we are studying how cells, tissues, and their microenvironment interrelate at the several levels of biological organization (from the gene upwards) so as to give rise to a mature organ with a distinct shape and well-established functions. This paper attempts to review some of the basic aspects of the developmental anatomy of the heart. Descriptive embryology is used here as a tool. Emphasis is placed on developmental mechanisms, and on the present knowledge of how these mechanisms are related to the structural development of the heart.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01939884
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    A molecular view of cardiogenesis (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 930-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Cardiac development ; embryogenesis ; gene expression ; complementary DNA ; molecular methodologies ; myocardial contractility ; myosin ; atrial natriuretic factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cardiac development involves a complex integration of subcellular processes into multicellular and, finally, whole organ effects. Until recently it has been difficult to investigate the genetic control of this organ level differentiation of the heart. The proliferation of molecular biology methodologies has provided mechanisms to directly investigate the control of these processes. This article focuses on molecular lines of research on two key areas in cardiac development: the regulation of expression of sarcomeric contractile and regulatory proteins, and atrial natriuretic factor. Molecular approaches are described which have allowed investigators to begin to determine the tissue and stage-specific expression of genes, to locate those genes in the genome, determine their sequences, and to directly investigate the mechanisms controlling their expression.
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    Acyrthosiphon pisum performance in response to the sugar and amino acid composition of artificial diets, and its relation to lucerne varietal resistance (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Homoptera ; Aphididae ; Acyrthosiphon pisum ; Medicago sativa ; resistance ; amino acids ; sucrose ; phloem sap ; artificial diet ; ingestion ; growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Sur des milieux holidiques se différenciant par leur concentration en acides aminés ou en saccharose ou par leur spectre en acides aminés et copiant la sève de deux variétés de luzerne (sensible et résistante) nous avons étudié différents paramètres biologiques d'un biotype d'Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de résistance à ce puceron. Que ce soit pour le reproduction et la survie des adultes ou pour la croissance et le développment larvaire, nous montrons l'influence spécifique de la concentration en saccharose et en acides aminés ainsi que celle du spectre en acides aminés des régimes artificiels. Ces différences de performances de A. pisum peuvent en partie être expliquées par les différences d'ingestion. Néanmoins pour des rapport saccharose/acides aminés identiques et pour des niveaux d'ingestion égaux, il existe selon les milieux de grandes différences de taux de reproduction et donc d'efficacités métaboliques. Les milieux copiant la sève de variétés sensible et résistante permettent jusqu'à présent d'expliquer une partie des observations faites sur végétal, mais démontrent que l'ignorance de certains facteurs phagostimulants présents dans la plante empêche une interprétation complète des effets observés.
    Notes: Abstract In order to understand the mechanisms of resistance of two lucerne cultivars (susceptible ‘Resistador’ and resistant ‘Lahontan’ clones) to a French biotype of Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, several biological parameters of this aphid were investigated on sap-copied holidic diets differing either by their amino acid or sucrose concentrations or by the relative proportions of some amino acids. We recorded the quantitative influence of nutrient levels and amino acid profiles on adult survival and reproduction, as well as on larval growth and development. The differences in A. pisum performances on artificial diets may partly by explained by variable ingestion rates, but also by differences in metabolic efficiency of the ingested nutrients, which greatly depends on amino acid composition. Although holidic diet experiments partially confirm the biological assays of resistance on plants, they also point out a lack in our understanding of the factors present in the sap which are involved in phagostimulation in vivo, thus preventing a complete interpretation of observed resistance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376409
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    L'élevage de deux coccinelles Harmonia axyridis et Semiadalia undecimnotata à l'aide d'oeufs d'Anagasta kuehniella tués aux rayons ultraviolets (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 49 (1988), S. 235-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coccinellidae ; Harmonia axyridis ; Semiadalia undecimnotata ; Aphids ; Acyrthosiphon pisum ; Pyralidae ; Anagasta kuehniella ; growth ; reproduction ; breeding ; natural prey ; unnatural prey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Aphidophagous coccinellids Harmonia axyridis and Semiadalia undecimnotata were reared on eggs of the pyralid moth, Anagasta kuehniella during three generations previously killed by exposure to ultra violet radiation. Incidentally, these eggs are used for the mass production of Trichogramma. For H. axyridis larvae, this prey has the same nutritional value as the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (control). In adults, it causes an increase in reproductive activity which persisted during three generations. Decreased egg fertility is compensated for by stimulated oviposition. However, regardless of generations, the number of larvae produced per female per day remained equal to or became larger than the control. When the adults are transferred to aphid prey after 15 days of oviposition on the substitution food, a high level of fecundity is maintained and egg fertility improved, particulary during the last two generations. In S. undecimnotata, a specific aphid predator, preying on substitute prey is associated with prolonged pre-imaginal development and increased mortality, the latter affecting up to 50% of the larvae during the third generation. In adults, it induces a deterioration of the reproductive capacities (fecundity, fertility) which however seemed to improve during the third generation. Substitute prey has negative effect on these adults. At present, only H. axyridis might be considered for temporary mass production, as suggested by the results obtained at the end of the first generation.
    Notes: Résumé Les coccinelles aphidiphages Harmonia axyridis Pallas et Semiadalia undecimnotata Schneider (Coccinellidae) ont été élevées pendant trois générations à l'aide d'oeufs d'Anagasta kuehniella Zell. (Pyralidae) tués par une exposition à un rayonnement ultraviolet. Chez la première espèce, cette proie de substitution présente une valuer alimentaire comparable si ce n'est pas supérieure à celle du puceron Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). Ces résultats permettent d'envisager, dès à présent, une production massive dans ces conditions trophiques. La mise en place d'un élevage continu dépend de l'évolution sur un grand nombre de générations de certains paramètres biologiques notamment de la fertilité des femelles. Chez la seconde espèce, une telle application paraît impossible pour l'instant.
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    Resistance in the wild crop relatives Avena macrostachya and Hordeum bogdani to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Avena macrostachya ; Hordeum bogdani ; resistance ; Rhopalosiphum padi ; growth ; excretion ; amino acids ; leaf anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumè Lors d'examens systématiques antérieurs, Avena macrostachya (Bal. ex Coss. & Dur.) et Hordeum bogdani (Wil.) ont présenté une résistance élevée au puceron Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). Lorsqu'ils avaient un choix comprenant de l'avoine et de l'orge cultivés, les pucerons ailés ont atterri en nombres moins importants sur les espèces sauvages. Les résultats étaient cependant variables dans le complexe avoine. La production de nymphes et le poids des adultes étaient plus élevés sur espèces cultivées, ainsi que la durée du développement était plus longue sur les espèces sauvages. A partir du troisième stade, l'excrétion de miellat a été significativement plus faible sur les espèces résistantes. En général, le miellat y contenait moins de 1% d'acides aminés bien que sur H. vulgare il en contînt 3,5%. Les pourcentages d'acides aminés libres du miellat étaient semblables sur toutes les plantes (5,2–7,6%), à l'exception de H. vulgare sur lequel les pucerons excrétaient 22% des taux ingérés. Les acides aminés excrétés en fortes quantités sur les différentes plantes, comprenaient l'asparagine, l'acide γ-aminobutyrique, l'acide glutamique et la glycine. Des coupes de tissus n'ont révélé aucun obstacle mécanique clair à la pénétration des stylets. Les possibilités d'utiliser ces espèces sauvages comme source de résistance aux pucerons dans la sélection de l'avoine et de l'orge ont été examinées.
    Notes: Abstract In previous screening tests the two wild crop relatives Avena macrostachya (Bal., ex Coss. et Dur.) and Hordeum bogdani (Wil.) demonstrated a high degree of resistance to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). In a choice situation using wild and cultivated oats and barley, alate aphids settled in lower numbers on the wild species. The results were, however, variable in the Avena combination. Nymph production was significantly higher, development time shorter and adult weight higher on the cultivated varieties. From the third instar and onwards the excretion of honeydew was significantly lower on the resistant plants. In general the honeydew contained less than 1% free amino acids although excreta from H. vulgare contained 3.5%. The percentage of free amino acids found in the honeydew was similar for all plant species (5.2–7.6%) except for H. vulgare, on which the aphids excreted 22% of the amounts ingested. Amino acids excreted in high proportions on all plants included asparagine, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, and glycine. Tissue sectioning did not reveal any obvious mechanical barriers to stylet penetration. The potential use of these wild species as sources for aphid resistance breeding in oats and barley is considered.
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    Yield and growth response to potassium of grain sorghum as influenced by variety in a savanna soil of Nigeria (1988)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 16 (1988), S. 217-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Potassium fertilization ; grain sorghum ; savanna soil ; yield ; growth ; varietal difference ; Nigeria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field trials were conducted at Samaru over a three-year period (1980–82) to study the yield, growth and nutrient concentration of three grain sorghum varieties (L. 187, SK5912 and FFBL) in relation to potassium fertilization in a savanna soil. Potassium application rates were 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg K ha−1. Year × potassium interactions were not significant although there were significant variety × K interactions. The highest grain yields for var. L.187, SK5912 and FFBL occurred from the application of 25, 50 and 75 kg K ha−1 respectively. Straw yield was generally increased by K application, which also promoted tillering and hastened flowering in grain sorghum. Although grain weight per head, head number per m2, grain number and 1000-grain weight were unaffected by this nutrient, weight per head was reduced by 22.8 per cent. K application enhanced N concentration of sorghum plants but caused decline in P concentration. The highest K rate gave the highest K concentration in each of the three varieties at 7 weeks after planting. Optimum K requirement of grain sorghum would seem to be between 25 and 50 kg K ha−1.
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    Growth, yield components and micronutrient nutrition of field-grown maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by nitrogen fertilization and plant density (1988)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 17 (1988), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Zea mays L. ; nitrogen fertilization ; plant density ; yield components ; growth ; micronutrient nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Growth and yield components in field-grown maize (Zea mays L.) were enhanced by nitrogen fertilization ranging from 50 to 200 kg N ha−1. Ear diameter, kernel depth, grain: stover ratio, number of ears plant−1, plant height and dry matter production increased as N fertilization rate was increased up to 100 or 150 kg N ha−1. Tasselling in maize was hastened by N fertilization. Increasing plant density from 25000 to 75000 plants ha−1 increased plant height, dry matter production and delayed tasseling but reduced ear diameter, kernel depth, grain: stover ratio and number of ears plant−1. Increased N supply and plant density had no influence on the concentrations of Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe in ear leaf; except that Mn concentration increased as N fertilization rate was increased up to 150 kg N ha−1. Nitrogen × plant density interactions on the concentrations of the micronutrients in maize ear leaf were not significant.
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    Fourier analysis of vertebral shape change due to growth and selection for large and small body size (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 776-777 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; growth ; selection ; size ; shape
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fourier analysis of videodigitised outlines of mouse vertebrae from two stocks, a pseudo-longitudinal series of mice aged 25–60 days and one selected for large or small body size over many generations shows that the shape changes due to normal growth are not similar to those produced by selection for body size.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01959162
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    Aberrant protamine 1/protamine 2 ratios in sperm of infertile human males (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 52-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Human sperm ; human protamine ; protamine 1 ; protamine 2 ; protamine 3 ; infertility ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Protamines were extracted from the sperm of fertile and infertile human males and the relative proportion of protamines 1, 2, and 3 were determined by scanning microdensitometry following electrophoresis of total protamine in polyacrylamide gels. The proportion of the three protamines was found to be similar in sperm obtained from different normal males. The distribution of protamines in sperm obtained from a select group of infertile males producing an elevated level of large sperm heads, in contrast, was different from that of the fertile males.
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    Post-castration rebound of an androgen regulated prostatic gene (1988)
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    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 84 (1988), S. 3-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: prostate ; androgens ; gene expression ; in situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After castration, the rat dorsolateral prostate M-40 mRNA initially decreased then rebounded to precastrated levels. The cellular site of M-40 expression and its renewed expression after castration was defined by in situ hybridization histochemistry. In situ hybridization with either a 32P-labeled or biotin-labeled M-40 cDNA probe demonstrated that M-40 mRNA levels were higher in the lateral than dorsal prostate. A second androgen regulated gene, RWB, also was highly expressed in the lateral prostate. The biotinylated cDNA probes provided microscopic resolution of the expressing cells, revealing two distinct morphologies of lateral epithelium which expressed both the M-40 and RWB mRNA. These morphologies appeared in ducts which contained either epithelial cell sheets that were highly convoluted or thinner epithelial cells with a minimal degree of convolution. The RWB mRNA decreased in both cell populations in response to androgen withdrawal. The decline and reappearance of M-40 mRNA also appeared in both epithelial cell types. These data demonstrated that after castration the M-40 mRNA initially decreased as expected for an androgen sensitive gene and then progressed to a fully inducible state. The mechanism of this progression remains to be elucidated.
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    Resolving causes of developmental continuity or “tracking.” I. Longitudinal twin studies during growth (1988)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 18 (1988), S. 133-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: genes ; environment ; development ; growth ; twins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Models of developmental continuity and change in quantitative phenotypes may be tested using longitudinal data from twins. We illustrate a procedure for establishing the power and required sample sizes for detecting developmental transmission against an alternative common-factor hypothesis. We explore the general effects of different heritabilities, different fidelities of environmental and genetic developmental transmission, and varying numbers of occasions of measurement. In addition, a constraint of wide application is postulated for the action of the environment; either environmental effects are transmitted (learned) and occasion specific or they exert a constant influence which is not transmitted (learned). While the situations we examine are necessarily restricted here, our explorations of power show that, providing that we measure on at least four occasions, it is easy to detect developmental transmission with workable sample sizes.
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    Anorexia and sexual maturity in female white rock chickens. I. Increasing the feed intake (1988)
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    Behavior genetics 18 (1988), S. 383-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: anorexia ; maturity ; feed intake ; growth ; chickens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Long-term selection for low juvenile body weight has resulted in a line of chickens where sexual maturity is retarded or prevented because of anorexia.Ad libitum-fed pullets which had not commenced egg production by 240 days of age were randomly assigned to be force-fed or fedad libitum. Increasing food intake via force-feeding caused a significantly greater proportion of females to commence egg production than was noted forad libitum-fed controls. Moreover, of those pullets that commenced lay, age at onset was significantly earlier in those force-fed than in those fedad libitum.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01260938
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    The cat hemoglobin polymorphism: Southern blot analysis of theβ-globin gene region from cats of various Hb A/Hb B phenotypes (1988)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 26 (1988), S. 239-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: cat hemoglobins ; polymorphism ; DNA ; restriction endonuclease ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The molecular basis for the genetic control of variable proportions of the two cat hemoglobins Hb A(α2β 2 A ) and Hb B (α2β 2 B ) was investigated. Ratios of Hb A/Hb B vary between 50/50 and 90/10 among members of the mongrel cat population, with clusters around 50, 35, and 10% Hb B. Genomic DNA from cats of 50/50, 70/30, and 90/10 phenotypes were cut by restriction endonucleasesHindIII,EcoRI,BamHI,Bg1II,and Pst1 and hybridized to a fragment of the human β-globin gene. The results of the Southern blots suggested a pattern of homozygote, heterozygote, homozygote for the respective cat phenotypes, 50/50, 70/30, and 90/10. Therefore, the cat hemoglobin polymorphism seems to result from the possible combinations of an allelic gene pair.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561463
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    Molecular cloning of two isoinhibitor forms of chymotrypsin inhibitor 1 (CI-1) from barley endosperm and their expression in normal and mutant barleys (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 10 (1988), S. 521-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: barley ; chymotrypsin inhibitor ; gene expression ; endosperm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Full-length cDNA clones for barley chymotrypsin inhibitor 1 (CI-1) have been isolated from an endosperm-specific cDNA library. Hybridization and nucleotide sequence analyses indicate that these cDNAs represent two distinct types of CI-1 mRNA which we have called CI-1A and CI-1B. Both mRNAs encode polypeptides of 83 residues (M r=8790 and 8960) which differ at eleven positions. The full-length cDNA sequences do not predict N-terminal signal peptide extensions indicating that CI-1 is synthesized in the mature form in contrast to the homologous proteinase inhibitors of tomato and potato. Northern hybridization experiments show that the CI-1 genes are under strict developmental and organ-specific control. CI-1 transcripts were first detected in the developing barley endosperm between 12 and 14 days after anthesis but no CI-1-related sequences were detected in the RNA preparations from shoots, leaves or roots. The expression of CI-1 was also studied in the high-lysine barley mutants Hiproly, Risø 56 and Risø 1508. Approximately 15-fold (Hiproly) and 4-fold (Risø 56 and 1508) higher levels of CI-1 mRNA were detected in the mutant endosperms compared to normal barley. These results correlate well with the increased deposition of CI-1 in the high-lysine lines and show that the differential expression is controlled mainly at the level of transcription or stability of the mRNA. Using Southern-blots of barley DNA we estimate that there are three copies of CI-1 per haploid genome in both normal and mutant barley lines.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033607
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    Isolation of an alfalfa histone H3 gene: structure and expression (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 11 (1988), S. 641-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: codon usage ; gene expression ; histone H3 gene ; Medicago sativa ; somatic embryos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A histone H3 gene was isolated from a dicotyledonous plant, alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The sequence analysis of this gene revealed no obvious GC preference in its codon usage. Apart from containing most of the typical consensus sequences found in both animal and plant histone genes, the alfalfa H3 gene exhibits distinct structural features such as (1) the unusual location of two GATCC motifs in its 5′ flanking sequence, (2) the existence of a CGCGGATC on the nonsense strand at position −232, (3) the existence of a long palindromic structure, and (4) several polyadenylation signal-like sequences in the 3′ flanking region. There are about 160 copies of histone H3 gene in alfalfa tetraploid genome. Using the alfalfa H3 gene as a probe to study the pattern of histone H3 transcripts in the alfalfa, we found that the H3 RNAs are undetectable in leaves, more in stems than in roots, and highest in somatic embryos. Moreover, the RNA products of H3 genes in all alfalfa tissues tested show unusually long nontranslated region compared to those of animal histone genes. An additional high molecular weight species of H3 transcript was detected only in somatic embryos.
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    Tissue-specific expression of a pea legumin gene in seeds of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 10 (1988), S. 203-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; gene expression ; legumin (Pisum) ; Nicotiana ; seed storage protein ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A 3.4-kilobase genomic DNA fragment from Pisum sativum L. containing the LegA gene, which encodes a major legumin storage protein, was transferred to Nicotiana plumbaginifolia using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain containing the Bin 19 binary vector system. Northern hybridisation analysis of legA-transformed plants demonstrated that legumin-specific RNA was present in developing seeds but not in developing leaves. Legumin protein was immunologically detected in the mature seeds of legA-transformed plants, and was present as the correct-size protein composed of disulphide-bonded polypeptides. It is concluded that the transferred pea genomic fragment contains all the information necessary for seed-specific expression of the legA gene, and for correct processing of the primary transcript and the precursor legumin protein.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027397
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    Molecular cloning and analysis of four potato tuber mRNAs (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 11 (1988), S. 255-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: potato ; patatin ; proteinase inhibitor ; cloning ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tuberization in potato is a complex developmental process involving the expression of a specific set of genes leading to the synthesis of tuber proteins. We here report the cloning and analysis of mRNAs encoding tuber proteins. From a potato tuber cDNA library four different recombinants were isolated which hybridized predominantly with tuber mRNAs. Northern blot hybridization experiments showed that three of them, pPATB2, p303 and p340, can be regarded as tuber-specific while the fourth, p322, hybridizes to tuber and stem mRNA. Hybrid-selected in vitro translation and nucleotide sequence analysis indicate that pPATB2 and p303 represent patatin and the proteinase inhibitor II mRNA respectively. Recombinant p322 represents an mRNA encoding a polypeptide having homology with the soybean Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor while p340 represents an mRNA encoding a polypeptide showing homology with the winged bean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. In total, these four polypeptides constitute approximately 50% of the soluble tuber protein. Using Southern blot analysis of potato DNA we estimate that these mRNAs are encoded by small multigene families.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027383
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    The chloroplast-located glutamine synthetase of Phaseolus vulgaris L.: nucleotide sequence, expression in different organs and uptake into isolated chloroplasts (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 11 (1988), S. 191-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cDNA sequence ; chloroplast protein import ; gene expression ; glutamine synthetase ; nitrogen metabolism ; Phaseolus vulgaris L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Work using a full-length cDNA clone has revealed that the plastid-located glutamine synthetase (GS) of Phaseolus vulgaris is encoded by a single nuclear gene. Nucleotide sequencing has shown that this cDNA is more closely related to a cDNA encoding the plastidic GS of Pisum sativum than to cDNAs encoding three different cytosolic GS subunits of P. vulgaris. The plastid GS subunits are initially synthesized as higher M r (47000) precursors containing an N-terminal presequence of about 50 amino acids which is structurally similar to the presequences of other nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins. The precursor has been synthesized in vitro and is imported by isolated pea chloroplasts and processed to two polypeptides of the same size as native P. vulgaris chloroplast GS subunits (M r 42000). Experiments with fusion proteins show that the N-terminal 68 amino acids of this precursor allow the cytosolic GS subunit β also to be imported and processed by isolated chloroplasts. Polyadenylated mRNA specifically related to the plastidic GS gene is most highly abundant in chloroplast-containing organs (leaves and stems) but is also detectable in roots and nodules.
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    Molecular basis for the overproduction of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase in a glyphosate-tolerant cell suspension culture of Corydalis sempervirens (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 11 (1988), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: glyphosate ; herbicide ; 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid 3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase ; enzyme overproduction ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell cultures of Corydalis sempervirens adapted to growth in the presence of 5 mM glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] display a 30- to 40-fold increase in the cellular content of 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid 3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, the target enzyme of the herbicide. Translatable mRNA activity as well as transcript levels for EPSP synthase were increased 8-to 12-fold in the adapted (glyphosate-tolerant) as compared to the non-adapted (glyphosate-sensitive) cultures. Northern blot analysis revealed a single 1.8 kb transcript after hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe deduced from the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme. No significant differences in the relative abundance of EPSP synthase-specific DNA sequences could be detected, however, in Southern and dot blot analyses of restricted DNA isolated from the two cultures. We conclude that the overproduction of EPSP synthase in glyphosate-tolerant C. sempervirens cells is not based on the amplification of the corresponding gene.
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    Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a mRNA rapidly-induced by ABA in barley aleurone layers (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 11 (1988), S. 495-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: abscisic acid ; barley aleurone layers ; cDNA cloning ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits the gibberellic acid induced synthesis of α-amylase in barley aleurone layers, yet ABA itself induces more than a dozen polypeptides (Lin & Ho, Plant Physiol 82: 289–297, 1986). As part of our effort to elucidate the molecular action of ABA in barley aleurone layers, we have isolated and characterized an ABA-induced cDNA clone, pHV A1. This cDNA clone hybridizes to an RNA species of approximately 1.1 kb from ABA-treated barley aleurone layers. The level of this mRNA is tripled within 40 minutes after ABA treatment, reaches a peak at 8–12 h, and is present up to 48 h. The induction of this mRNA responds to concentrations of ABA as low as 10-9 M, but higher ABA concentrations induce higher expression of this mRNA. The products of hybrid-select translation and in vitro transcription/translation with pHV A1 comigrate on SDS gel as a 27 kDa polypeptide. However, the sequence of pHV A1 indicates that it has an open reading frame encoding a 22 kDa protein. This size discrepancy is probably due to the high content of the basic amino acid, lysine. This notion has been confirmed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showing that this polypeptide is one of the most basic proteins in ABA-treated barley aleurone layers. The deduced amino acid sequence of pHV A1 contains nine imperfect repeats 11 amino acids long which share homology with cotton Lea 7 protein (Baker, Steele & Dure, Plant Mol Biol, in press). The identity and function of the encoded product of pHV A1 is under investigation.
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    CG Dinucleotides of class II MHC genes are mutation hot-spots (1988)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 1 (1988), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: CG suppression ; DNA methylation ; gene expression ; MHC ; mutation hot spots
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract DNA methylation of human class II genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) was correlated with gene expression and methyl-related CG → TG and CG → CA changes. It was found that cytosine methylation of the CG dinucleotides of MHC class II genes should be involved in generating a fraction of nucleotide polymorphism, rather than in controlling transcription.
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    Nicotiana chloroplast genes for components of the photosynthetic apparatus (1988)
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    Photosynthesis research 18 (1988), S. 7-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: Nicotiana ; chloroplast genome ; photosynthesis ; NADH dehydrogenase ; protein structure ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to understand more fully chloroplast genetic systems, we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence (155, 844 bp) of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Bright Yellow 4) chloroplast DNA. It contains two copies of an identical 25,339 bp inverted repeat, which are separated by 86, 684 bp and 18,482 bp single-copy regions. The genes for 4 different rRNAs, 30 different tRNAs, 44 different proteins and 9 other predicted protein-coding genes have been located. Fifteen different genes contain introns. Twenty-two genes for components of the photosynthetic apparatus have so far been identified. Most of the genes (except the gene for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) code for thylakoid membrane proteins. Twenty of them are located in the large single-copy region and one gene for a 9-kd polypeptide of photosystem I is located in the small single-copy region. The gene for the 32-kd protein of photosystem II as well as the gene for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase have strong promoters and are transcribed monocistronically while the other genes are transcribed polycistronically. We have found that the predicted amino acid sequences of six DNA sequences resemble those of components of the respiratory-chain NADH dehydrogenase from human mitochondria. As these six sequences are highly transcribed in tobacco chloroplasts, they are probably genes for components of a chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase. These observations suggest the existence of a respiratory-chain in the chloroplast of higher plants.
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    Structural gene regions of Rhodobacter sphaeroides involved in CO2 fixation (1988)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 19 (1988), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: CO2 fixation ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From studies conducted in both our laboratory and by Gibson, Tabita and colleagues, as well as drawing on the recent studies with Alcaligenes eutrophus, we describe two genetic regions which have been identified on the chromosome of Rhodobacter sphaeroides which code for a number of enzymes involved in CO2 fixation. One region was found to contain the genes coding for fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (fbpA), phosphoribulokinase (prkA), a 37 kDa polypeptide (cfxA), and form I ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL, S). These genes appear to be expressed in the same transcriptional direction and are tandomly arranged. A second, apparently unlinked region of the chromosome contains a duplicate (with respect to functionality of gene products) but not identical set of these same four genes. Although the gene order in both regions is apparently identical, there is approximately 4 kb of DNA separating the 3′-end of prkB and the beginning of cfxB. The specific genetic organizations and proposed roles of these two genetic regions are discussed.
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    Protein synthesis by isolated chloroplasts (1988)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 19 (1988), S. 129-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: chloroplast biogenesis ; gene expression ; ribosomes ; transcription ; translation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isolated chloroplasts show substantial rates of protein synthesis when illuminated. This ‘in organello’ protein synthesis system has been advantageously utilised to elucidate the coding capacity of chloroplast and the regulation of chloroplast genes. The system is also being used recently to transcribe and translate homologous and heterologous templates. In this mini-review, we attempt to critically ecaluate the available literature and present the current and the prospective lines of research.
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    The effects of kinetin on callus characters in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 39 (1988), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Medicago sativa ; alfalfa ; lucerne ; callus culture ; initiation ; growth ; morphology ; histology ; regeneration ; cytokinin autotrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three callus initiation media, B2-k, B2, and 7951, were used to study the effects of kinetin on callus initiation, morphology, histology, and regenerability in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The presence of kinetin in callus initiation media retarded callus initiation, but enhanced division and differentiation of callus cells. Calluses induced on kinetin-containing media (B2 and 7951) had many compact cell aggregations, which were considered meristematic regions that might differentiate to plantlets on a regeneration medium. Visually, these calluses were compact and had many nodular structures. In contrast, most calluses induced on a kinetin-free medium were composed of large, individual cells and had friable structures without nodules. After transfer to a hormone-free medium, calluses induced on kinetin-containing media regenerated more frequently than those induced on a kinetin-free medium, but cytokinin (kinetin) autotrophism also occurred. Autotrophism was sexually transmissable and especially affected by the female parent.
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    The chloroplast genes encoding subunits of the H+-ATP synthase (1988)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 18 (1988), S. 205-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: ATP synthase ; chloroplast ; evolution ; gene expression ; operon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three CF1 and three CF0 subunits of the chloroplast H+-ATP synthase are encoded on the chloroplast genome. The chloroplast atp genes are organized as two operons in plants but not in the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The atpBE or β operon shows a relatively simple organisation and transcription pattern, while the atpIHFA or α operon is transcribed into a large variety of mRNAs. The atp genes are related to those of cyanobacteria and, more distantly, to those of non-photosynthetic bacteria such as E. coli, suggesting a common origin of most F1F0 ATP synthase subunits. Both the chloroplast and cyanobacterial ATP synthases have four F0 subunits, not three as in the E. coli complex. The proton pore of the CF0 is proposed to be formed by the interaction of subunits III and IV.
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    Synthesis and assembly of bacterial and higher plant Rubisco subunits in Escherichia coli (1988)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 17 (1988), S. 145-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: Carbon fixation ; enzyme assembly ; gene expression ; recombinant DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis in Escherichia coli of both the large and small subunits of cereal ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase has been obtained using expression plasmids and bacteriophages. The level and order of synthesis of the large and small subunits were regulated using different promoters, resulting in different subunit pool sizes and ratios that could be controlled in attempts to optimize the conditions for assembly. Neither assembly nor enzyme activity were observed for the higher plant enzyme. In contrast, cyanobacterial large and small subunits can assemble to give an active holoenzyme in Escherichia coli. By the use of deletion plasmids, followed by infection with appropriate phages, it can be demonstrated that the small subunit is essential for catalysis. However, the small subunit is not required for the assembly of a large subunit octomer core in the case of the Synechococcus enzyme; self-assembly of the octomer will occur in an rbcS deletion strain. The cyanobacterial small subunits can be replaced by wheat small subunits to give an active enzyme in Escherichia coli. The hybrid cyanobacterial large/wheat small subunit enzyme has only about 10% of the level of activity of the wild-type enzyme, reflecting the incomplete saturation of the small subunit binding sites on the large subunit octomer, and possibly a mismatch in the subunit interactions of those small subunits that do bind, giving rise to a lower rate of turnover at the active sites.
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    Comparative growth and condition of northern stream-dwelling rock bass,Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque) (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 160 (1988), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Ambloplites rupestris ; growth ; condition ; latitude ; lake ; stream
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The growth and condition of rock bass,Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque), inhabiting the Middle Thames River near London, Ontario, Canada, are compared with growth in other northern streams and lakes, across the species' range in latitude, and between the sexes. Growth in streams was not less than in lakes, contrary to expectation. The condition and maximum size and age attained by stream inhabitants reflected the rigours of their environment. Growth in northern streams was less than in southern streams, due likely to the decreased ‘growing season’ length. Northern fish were typically in better condition, however. Sexual dimorphism in size was demonstrated, males being heavier and longer at age than females, although the sexes did not differ in condition.
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    Seasonal and spatial distribution of cryptophycean species in the deep, stratifying, alpine lake Mondsee and their role in the food web (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 161 (1988), S. 185-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Cryptophyceae ; flagellates ; seasonality ; growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative data are presented on the depth-time distribution of four cryptophycean species (Cryptomonas marssonii, C. cf. ovata, C. pusilla and Rhodomonas minuta var. nannoplanktica) over a three year investigation period in Mondsee, Austria, a deep, stratifying alpine lake. Net rates of population increase and decrease are calculated and related to environmental variables (temperature, light, turbulence) and impact by herbivorous zooplankton. Although cryptophyceans rarely comprise more than 15 – 20% of total phytoplankton biovolume they contribute considerably to plankton community dynamics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044110
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    Effect of temperature on growth, reproduction and survival of the freshwater planorbid snail, Gyraulus convexiusculus, vector of echinostomiasis (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 164 (1988), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: freshwater snail ; growth ; reproduction ; survival ; temperature ; vector
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies were carried out to investigate the effects of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40° and 45°C on growth, sexual maturity, reproduction and survival of the freshwater planorbid snail, Gyraulus convexiusculus, vector of echinostomiasis, under laboratory conditions. The growth rate of juvenile and sexually mature snails was at minimum at 15°C and was maximum at 35°C. Sexual maturation time was minimum at 35°C and maximum at 20°C. Fecundity was minimum at 15°C and maximum at 35°C. The minimum average and maximum number of eggs per egg capsule was reached at 35°C and lowest at 15°C. 30°C was the optimum temperature for survival of juvenile snails, while sexually mature snails reached maximum survival time at 20°C.
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    Larval Mirogrex terraesanctae (Cyprinidae) of Lake Kinneret (Israel): growth rate, plankton selectivities, consumption rates and interaction with rotifers (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 169 (1988), S. 91-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: cyprinid larvae ; growth ; plankton selectivities ; food requirement ; predator-prey interaction ; rotifers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rotifer Synchaeta pectinata dominated gut content of first feeding Mirogrex larvae (7 mm, 10 days age) and was a selected prey of neuston-caught larvae up to 15 mm TL. A negative L-value (linear index of selection) applied to predation on nauplii and copepodites by 7 and 8 mm larvae; nevertheless, caloric intake was dominated by copepods in 8–10 mm larvae. Neuston-caught larvae 13–20 mm TL fed selectively on Cladocera, especially Bosmina, and on the rotifer Asplanchna spp. Growth, estimated from otolith ring counts and from analysis of size distribution data, ranged from 3 to 7 mm mo−1, with higher rates for early spawned larvae. When consumption as estimated from gut content, was compared to amounts of food required for growth, it appeared that the smallest larvae were underfed, while 13–16 mm fish obtained rations close to sufficiency. Rotifer standing stock biomass in Lake Kinneret has decreased in recent years, especially in winter, the spawning period of Mirogrex. Postulated causes are predation by an increasingly large population of Mirogrex larvae, and decrease of external supply. Larval distribution appeared to be linked to S. pectinata abundance; highest densities of both organisms occurred in the area of inflow from the Jordan and Golan streams. Larval food enrichment of inflow water by fish pond drainage might have caused observed increases in Mirogrex stock size since 1960.
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    Response of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) to some different fertilizers applied at planting (1988)
    Springer
    New forests 2 (1988), S. 89-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: slow release fertilizers ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; nutrient uptake ; planting stock ; growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Four fertilization at planting experiments were conducted with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) on eastern Vancouver Island. In experiment 1 Agriform (20-10-5, AGR) and Osmocote (17-7-12, OSM) supplied N at 0, 4.2, 8.4, 16.8 or 33.6 g/tree either broadcast, within 15 cm of the tree, or in a hole 15 cm from the tree (adjacent). In experiment 2 AGR, diammonium phosphate (21-55-0, DAP), ammonium sulphate (21-0-0, AMS), sulphur coated urea (35-0-0, SCU) supplied N at 0, 8.4, 16.8 and 25.2 g/tree. Triple superphosphate (0-45-0, TSP) supplied P at the same levels as DAP: 0, 9.6, 19.2 and 28.8 g/tree. In experiment 3 AGR and SCU (32-0-0) supplied N at 0, 8.4 and 16.8 g/tree. In experiment 4 DAP was used to fertilize trees on five different dates, between March and October, and each treatment supplied 16 g N/tree. Two-year old, bare root, planting stock was used except in experiment 3, where container stock was compared with bare root stock. Little growth response was obtained after one year, but height growth responses of 12 to 31% were measured after 3 to 6 years with fertilizers supply 8.4 to 16.8 g N per tree. Growth responses were little affected by the type of fertilizer and were primarily due to N, with release rate having no marked effect. The exception to this was TSP which did not increase growth but did increase survival. Survival was reduced by AMS and to a lesser extent by AGR. Container seedlings responded more to fertilization at planting than bare root seedlings. Seedling N, P and K concentrations and contents declined following planting for 6 months and only started to recover after July. Application of fertilizer caused a small increase in seedling nutrient concentration regardless of date, but this had no detectable effect on dry weight measured six weeks later.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027761
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    Temperature-dependent development and growth of Calanus sinicus (Copepoda: Calanoida) in the laboratory (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 167-168 (1988), S. 285-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Calanus sinicus ; Copepoda ; development ; growth ; Inland Sea of Japan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The calanoid copepod Calanus sinicus was reared in the laboratory under excess food conditions, and its development and growth rates were measured at various temperatures. Egg development time (DH, days) was dependent on temperature (T °C), and was expressed as DH = 55.3 (T + 0.7)−1.44. Post-embryonic development followed the equiproportional rule. The stage duration was short in NI and NII, but compensatingly longer in NIII. Between NIV and CII, it was nearly isochronal, and beyond CII, it tended to increase gradually. The time from egg to adult was expressed as DCVI = 1258 (T + 0.7)−1.44. The specific growth rate was also temperature-dependent and highest from CI to CIII, intermediate from NII to CI and from CIII to CV, and lowest from CV to CVI. The growth rates of C. sinicus are higher than those of co-occurring small copepods such as Paracalanus, Acartia and Microsetella.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026316
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  • 95
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    Growth in a freshwater snail under laboratory conditions in relation to eutrophication (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 157 (1988), S. 125-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Potamopyrgus jenkinsi ; Hydrobiidae ; growth ; eutrophication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Shell growth in the snail Potamoryrgus jenkinsi (Prosobranchia, Hydrobiidae) was measured under laboratory conditions. Individuals of populations from two lakes differing in trophic status were kept in water with sandy substrates from each environment. Growth was faster in the environment of the more eutrophic lake, regardless of the origin of the snails; this held in particular for the smallest size class.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006965
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  • 96
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    Interacting effects of diet and environmental temperature on biochemical parameters in the liver ofLeuciscus idus melanotus (Cyprinidae: Teleostei) (1988)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 5 (1988), S. 9-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: ide ; adaptation ; nutrition ; temperature ; growth ; liver ; nucleic acids ; storage products
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract One year old golden ide (Leuciscus idus melanotus) were starved for 2 weeks at 20°C (time zero) and then they were fed either freeze-dried mosquito larvae (natural diet) or a commercial fish chow (artificial diet) at an ambient temperature of 14°C and 20°C, respectively. Growth parameters and biochemical data in the liver were measured at time zero and after 3 and 7 weeks of specific regimen. If compared to natural food, the artificial diet caused transient increase in anabolic activity of the liver, but prevented long-lasting hepatocyte proliferation (increase of total liver DNA). After 3 weeks on artificial diet, the body weight was significantly higher and the liver mass doubled compared to ide kept on the natural regimen; tissue DNA content indicated that the hepatocyte volume increased mainly by increased protein content and corresponding uptake of water; lipid and glycogen contents were increased by a factor of 3–6, and the RNA∶DNA ratio was increased accordingly. The growth of the ide, as reflected by the condition factor and hepatosomatic index (HSI), was virtually stopped when the artificial regimen was maintained for 7 weeks, whereas on natural food the condition factor was increased and liver weight and DNA were doubled. Growth of the fish maintained at 14°C was significantly lower than that of fish maintained at 20°C, though the total liver DNA was still increased on the natural regimen during the experiment. Less lipid was stored by fish maintained at 14°C, whereas protein and glycogen deposits were enlarged, if compared to fish maintained at 20°C. The specific activity of cytochrome oxidase in liver mitochondria and of NADPH cytochrome c reductase in the microsomal fraction were found independent of diet and ambient temperature. Oxidative capacity of hepatocytes (mitochondrial protein/mg DNA) remained unchanged, and microsomal protein/cell appeared reduced in response to the artificial food. However, reduction of cell number on this diet resulted in less total mitochondrial and microsomal protein in the organ. Golden ide liver is found to be a sensitive experimental model to characterize the mutual influence of diet and temperature on fish; the results are discussed with regard to the usage of golden ide as test fish for water pollution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874724
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    Effects of diet and feeding time on daily variations in plasma insulin, hepatic c-AMP and other metabolites in a teleost fish,Dicentrarchus labrax L. (1988)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 5 (1988), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: diets ; feeding time ; growth ; circadian rhythms ; insulin ; c-AMP ; lipids ; proteins ; carbohydrates ; teleost fish ; sea bass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Juvenile sea bass, 1.5 years old, of mixed sex, held on long photoperiods were fed early on the photoperiod and late on the photoperiod, using different diets. Fish fed natural diets showed a daily rhythmicity of plasma insulin, liver c-AMP, plasma glucose, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen content, however, fish fed a commercial diet did not show this daily rhythmicity except for plasma insulin levels. In addition, these fish had significantly lower levels of plasma insulin, liver c-AMP and plasma glycerol than the group fed on the natural diets at similar feeding times. The time of feeding also induced different rhythmicity patterns in hormones and metabolites as well as a significant change in their mean levels. These facts are discussed in relation with the pre-feeding activity and increased appetite exhibited by the fish fed late on the photoperiod and with their implications on fish culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874796
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    Thyroidal compensation in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed canola meal (1988)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 5 (1988), S. 199-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: canola meal ; rainbow trout ; glucosinolates ; thyroid hormones ; growth ; thyroid histology ; adaptation ; compensatory growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) were fed either a soybean mealbased (SM) or canola meal-based (CM) diet for up to 20 weeks. Plasma thyroxine (T4) and triiodothryonine (T3) levels were significantly lower in the CM-fed fish sampled after 12 weeks. However, there appeared to be some compensation after 12 and 20 weeks in that the thyroid hormone levels in trout fed the CM were not significantly different from those of the SM-fed fish. Nevertheless, there was marked thyroid hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the CM-fed fish sampled at 12, 16 and 20 weeks after commencement of the experiment. Moreover, the growth rate was significantly lower in the CM-fed fish in comparison to the SM-fed fish throughout the 20 week study period. Plasma T4 levels were similar in SM-fed fish sampled 12, 16 and 20 weeks after commencement of the experiment, but plasma T3 levels progressively increased over this period, as did the apparent activity of the thyroid tissue based on histological criteria. Fasting for up to 8 weeks resulted in the arrested growth of the SM-fed fish, and a loss in body weight of the CM-fed animals over the 8 week period of the fast. In addition, the plasma thyroid hormone levels in the fasted fish tended to be lower than in fish fed both the SM and CM diets prior to fasting, and there was histological evidence indicating a reduced activity of the pituitary-thyroid axis. However, thyroid hyperplasia and hypertrophy were still evident in the fasted fish previously fed the CM diet indicating that the adverse affects of CM diets are not completely reversible after 8 weeks. In fish fed the CM diet for 12 weeks and then the SM diet for up to a further 8 weeks (diet C-S) there was a compensatory increase in plasma thyroid hormone levels evident within 4 weeks after the change in diet, but no apparent decrease in thyroid hyperplasia or hypertrophy. In addition, in the fish fed the C-S diet there was a marked compensatory growth rate, and an increased feed: gain ratio; body weights of this group of fish were not significantly different from those of the SM-fed animals after 20 weeks of study, indicating a considerably higher growth rate over the last 8 week period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874797
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  • 99
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    Expression of theunc genes inEscherichia coli (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 20 (1988), S. 19-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: E. coli unc operon ; H+-ATPase ; subunit stoichiometry ; gene expression ; codon usage ; translational initiation ; Shine-Dalgarno sequence ; recombinant DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Theunc (or atp) operon ofEscherichia coli comprises eight genes encoding the known subunits of the proton-translocating ATP synthase (H+-ATPase) plus a ninth gene (uncI) of unknown function. The subunit stoichiometry of the H+-ATPase (α 3β3γ1δ1ε1a1b2c10–15) requires that the respectiveunc genes be expressed at different rates. This review discusses the experimental methods applied to determining how differential synthesis is achieved, and evaluates the results obtained. It has been found that the primary level of control is translational initiation. The translational efficiencies of theunc genes are determined by primary and secondary mRNA structures within their respective translational initiation regions. The respective rates of translation are matched to the subunit requirements of H+-ATPase assembly. Finally, points of uncertainty remain and experimental strategies which will be important in future work are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00762136
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  • 100
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    Growth and macromolecular content of the dimorphic fungus Aureobasidium pullulans and the effect of hydroxyurea and other inhibitors (1988)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 54 (1988), S. 75-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Aureobasidium pullulans ; Pullularia pullulans ; dimorphism ; growth ; macromolecules ; hydroxyurea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The growth kinetics and the macromolecular content of the yeast and ethanol-induced hyphal forms of Aureobasidium pullulans were studied. During the morphological transition from yeasts to hyphae, both the protein and RNA content decreased significantly, the mycelial form containing only 76% of the amount of protein in the yeasts, and 38% of the RNA. The DNA was the only component tested whose level increased during the transition. Among several compounds inhibiting macromolecular synthesis, only hydroxyurea showed a remarkable effect on the morphology of A. pullulans, inducing the mycelial morphology. The macromolecular composition of hydroxyurea-treated cultures changed with time in a way similar to that of the ethanol-Tween 80-ammonia medium, and to that of carbon-starved cultures, without ethanol or glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393959
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