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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of ribonucleic acid transcribed in vitro on phage φ80 deoxyribonucleic acid (1970)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 9 (1970), S. 3533-3541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00820a006
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rps3-rpl16-nad3-rps12 gene cluster in rice mitochondrial DNA is transcribed from alternative promoters (1995)
    Springer
    Current genetics 27 (1995), S. 184-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Rice mtDNA ; rps3/rpl16/nad3/rps12 ; Co-transcription ; Promoter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The two gene clusters rps3-rpl16 and nad3-rps12 are separated from each other in the mitochondrial genome and are expressed as the individual transcription units in many plants. In rice mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the four genes rps3, rpl16, nad3 and rps12 are located within a region of 6 kbp. Northern-blot analysis revealed that a large transcript (6.6 kb) hybridized to both the rps3-rpl16 and the nad3-rps12 gene clusters. Using RT-PCR, we amplified a fragment of anticipated size (790 bp) from two primers that corresponded to sequences in the coding regions of rpl16 and nad3, demonstrating that at least two of the four genes, namely rpl16 and nad3, were co-transcribed. These results together indicated that all four genes, namely, rps3, rpl16, nad3 and rps12, were co-transcribed in rice mitochondria. Transcription initiation sites were determined by an in vitro capping/ribonuclease protection assay and primer extension analysis. Two initiation sites were identified in the rps3-rpl16-nad3-rps12 gene cluster: one was located upstream of rps3 and the other was located between rpl16 and nad3. This evidence indicates that the rps3-rpl16-nad3-rps12 gene cluster is transcribed from two alternative promoters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313433
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloroplast rRNA transcription from structurally different tandem promoters: an additional novel-type promoter (1995)
    Springer
    Current genetics 27 (1995), S. 280-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Chloroplast transcripts ; In vitro capping ; Plastid promoters ; rRNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Identification of transcription initiation sites in the promoter region of the tobacco chloroplast rRNA operon has been carried out by ribonuclease protection of in vitro capped RNAs and primer extension experiments. A promoter with typical chloroplast-10 and-35 motifs (P1) drives initiation of transcription from position-116 relative to the mature 16s rRNA sequence. In addition, we have found that a second primary transcript starts at position-64. This proximal promoter (P2) lacks any elements similar to those reported so far in chloroplast promoter regions, and hence P2 represents a novel-type promoter. Both transcripts are present in chloroplasts from green leaves and in non-photosynthetic proplastids from heterotrophically cultured cells (BY2), but their relative amounts appear to differ. The steady state level of the P2 transcript, with respect to P1, is higher in BY2 proplastids than in leaf chloroplasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326161
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Targeted deletion of genes for eukaryotic RNA-binding proteins, Rbp1 and Rbp2, in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC7942: Rbp1 is indispensable for cell growth at low temperatures (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 176 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strains PCC6301 and PCC7942 have two homologous genes, rbp1 and rbp2, encoding small RNA-binding proteins, Rbp1 and Rbp2. In order to elucidate their function within the cell, we performed rbp gene-disruption experiments using the transformable strain PCC7942. When rbp2 was disrupted by insertion of a kanamycin-resistance gene cassette within the protein-coding region, many transformants homozygous for the mutated target gene were obtained. Though insertional inactivation of rbp1 yielded few transformants, one transformant that carried a mutated rbp1 gene was obtained which grew poorly at a low temperature. This suggests that rbp2 is not necessary for cell growth whereas rbp1 is indispensable for cell growth at low temperatures. Possible functions of the Rbp proteins are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13656.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EVOLUTION AND MECHANISM OF TRANSLATION IN CHLOROPLASTS (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 32 (1998), S. 437-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The entire sequence (120 ~ 190 kb) of chloroplast genomes has been determined from a dozen plant species. The genome contains from 87 to 183 known genes, of which half encode components involved in translation. These include a complete set of rRNAs and about 30 tRNAs, which are likely to be sufficient to support translation in chloroplasts. RNA editing (mostly C to U base changes) occurs in some chloroplast transcripts, creating start and stop codons and changing codons to retain conserved amino acids. Many components that constitute the chloroplast translational machinery are similar to those of Escherichia coli, whereas only one third of the chloroplast mRNAs contain Shine-Dalgarno-like sequences at the correct positions. Analyses conducted in vivo and in vitro have revealed the existence of multiple mechanisms for translational initiation in chloroplasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.32.1.437
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PLANT IN VITRO TRANSCRIPTION SYSTEMS (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 48 (1997), S. 383-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In vitro transcription systems provide a powerful tool for detailed analysis of transcription reactions including initiation, elongation, and termination. Despite problems inherent to plant cells, efforts have been made to develop plant in vitro transcription systems in the past decade. These efforts have finally culminated in the development of reliable in vitro systems from suspension-cell cultures of both monocot and dicot plants. These systems can be useful in elucidating the specific mechanisms involved in the process of plant transcription and thus can potentially open a new era of transcription studies in plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.383
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local structure analyses of Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 mixed oxides by XAFS (2001)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 8 (2001), S. 616-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Three types of CeO2-ZrO2 with the same composition (Ce/Zr = 1) were prepared by different methods, exhibited the different oxygen storage/release capacity (OSC). To investigate the relationship between the OSC and the local structure, the Ce and Zr K-edges XAFS spectra for these samples were measured. The features of Fourier transforms of these samples were different from each other. This suggested that the OSC was remarkably exerted by the local structure around Ce and Zr. The quantitative curve-fitting analysis of EXAFS was applied, and it was concluded that homogeneous Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 solid solution at atomic level exhibited the highest OSC among these CeO2-ZrO2 with the same composition (Ce/Zr = 1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049500017520
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new gene encoding tRNAPro (GGG) is present in the chloroplast genome of black pine: a compilation of 32 tRNA genes from black pine chloroplasts (1994)
    Springer
    Current genetics 26 (1994), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Black pine ; Chloroplast ; Codon usage ; tRNA gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chloroplast genome of black pine (Pinus thumbergii), a gymnosperm, contains 32 different tRNA genes, 30 of which correspond to those previously identified in tobacco and rice chloroplast genomes. Two additional genes encode tRNAPro (GGG) and tRNAArg (CCG); the former is newly identified while the latter is present in liverwort, Physcomitrella patens and Angiopteris lygodiifolia, chloroplast genomes. Moreover, a partial copy of the split tRNAGly (UCC) gene and full copies of tRNAHis (GUG), tRNAThr (GGU) and tRNASer (GCU) genes are present in the large single-copy region of the genome, suggesting extensive rearrangements of the chloroplast genome during evolutio. No tRNA genes whose tRNA products can recognize codons CUU/C (Leu) and GCU/C (Ala) have been found. We propose that the 32 tRNAs are sufficient to read all the 61 sense codons in the black pine system using the “two-out-of-three” and the “U:N wobble” mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313804
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genomic organization and sequence analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene from normal and male-sterile mitochondria in sugar beet (1991)
    Springer
    Current genetics 19 (1991), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Sugar beet ; Cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Mitochondrial genome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have cloned and sequenced the cytochrome oxidase subunit II (coxII) gene from both normal and cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) sugar beet. The normal coxII (designated NcoxII) locus was found to be located 1491 bp upstream from the gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit I (coxI) on the same DNA strand and to have a 1463 bp intron which split the coding sequence into two exons (382 and 398 bp). The COXII protein contains 260 amino acid residues. We have also found two copies of the coxII gene (ScoxII-1 and ScoxII-2) to be present in the CMS genome. Our results suggest that the NcoxII gene diverges completely from the ScoxII-1 and ScoxII-2 genes 50 bp 5′ to the ATG start codon. In addition, the ScoxII-1 and ScoxII-2 sequences could be readily discriminated from each other by the 3′ end and the immediately adjacent flanking sequences of the gene: the 3′ divergence results in a 101 codon extension of the ScoxII-2 ORF. Northern blot analysis demonstrates that the coxII gene exhibits altered transcript patterns in CMS compared with normal sugar beet. Different genomic arrangements of the coxII gene are considered to be the result of extensive intra-and inter-molecular recombination events involving the repeated DNA elements in the mitochondrial genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336484
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A ribosomal protein gene (rpl32) from tobacco chloroplast DNA is transcribed from alternative promoters: similarities in promoter region organization in plastid housekeeping genes (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 251 (1996), S. 518-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Tobacco BY2 cells ; Chloroplast transcription ; Ribosomal protein gene ; Alternative promoters-In vitro capping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Multiple transcriptional start sites have been identified in the tobacco plastid ribosomal protein gene rpl32 by RNA mapping and in vitro capping techniques. A promoter with a canonical −10 Pribnow Box (P1) produces a major transcript in leaf chloroplasts. Transcription is also driven from additional promoters in non-photosynthetic plastids from heterotrophically cultured cells (BY2 line). Among them, a second promoter located downstream (P2) generates the most prominent transcript in this type of cell. The absence of typical plastid promoter motifs upstream of this site and the higher steady-state level of the P2-derived transcript in BY2 cells suggest a distinct modulation of transcription. Mobility shift experiments also seem to indicate the existence of differences in protein-DNA binding between both kinds of plastids with respect to a DNA fragment including the sequence upstream from the P2 starting site. The structure of the rpl32 promoter region is discussed in relation to that of other plastid housekeeping genes encoding elements of the genetic machinery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02173640
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