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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro culture of pods from annual and perennial Medicago species (1984)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 3 (1984), S. 146-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Because most interspecific Medicago embryos abort before they can be excised and cultured, our objective was to grow young pods in vitro. Various media were used to grow three-day-old pods of annuals [diploids, M. blancheana Boiss., M. disciformis DC., tetraploid M. scutellata (L.) Mill.] and perennials (diploid M. falcata L., tetraploid M. sativa L.). Few pods of perennial species grew to maturity on media containing modified Hoagland's plus 1% glucose or sucrose with or without 5% potato extract. Increasing sucrose to 6% increased the percentage of M. sativa pods that produced mature seeds. On DM (differentiation medium), the best medium, the percentage of pods producing viable seeds was: M. blancheana (82), M. disciformis (81), M. scutellata (48), M. sativa (63), M. falcata (15). DM plus 1 ppm indoleacetic or gibberellic acid did not enhance seed production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270209
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA from sorghum with fertile and male-sterile cytoplasms (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 379-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ; Agarose gel electrophoresis ; isocytoplasmic strains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mitochondrial DNA from four paired (fertile and male-sterile) lines and six isocytoplasmic strains of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were fragmented by endonucleases and their electrophoretic patterns were examined. Cytoplasmic male sterile lines differed from their male-fertile counterparts consistently. Among the isocytoplasmic strains, KS 36A (S. verticilli-florum cytoplasm), KS 38A (S. conspicum cytoplasm), and KS 39A (S. niloticum cytoplasm) showed minor differences from the other strains. Results suggest that restriction endonuclease patterns are useful in detecting differences in mitochondrial genomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305832
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High transmission of paternal plastid DNA in alfalfa plants demonstrated by restriction fragment polymorphic analysis (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chloroplast DNA ; Medicago sativa ; Maternal plastid transmission ; Biparental plastid inheritance ; Heteroplasmy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A high frequency of paternal plastid transmission occurred in progeny from crosses among normal green alfalfa plants. Plastid transmission was analyzed by hybridization of radiolabeled alfalfa plastid DNA (cpDNA) probes to Southern blots of restriction digests of the progeny DNA. Each probe revealed a specific polymorphism differentiating the parental plastid genomes. Of 212 progeny, 34 were heteroplastidic, with their cpDNAs ranging from predominantly paternal to predominantly maternal. Regrowth of shoots from heteroplasmic plants following removal of top growth revealed the persistence of mixed plastids in a given plant. However, different shoots within a green heteroplasmic plant exhibited paternal, maternal, or mixed cpDNAs. Evidence of maternal nuclear genomic influence on the frequency of paternal plastid transmission was observed in some reciprocal crosses. A few tetraploid F1 progeny were obtained from tetraploid (2n=4x=32) Medicago sativa ssp. sativa x diploid (2n=2x=16) M. sativa ssp. falcata crosses, and resulted from unreduced gametes. Here more than the maternal genome alone apparently functioned in controlling plastid transmission. Considering all crosses, only 5 of 212 progeny cpDNAs lacked evidence of a definitive paternal plastid fragment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223786
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of kinetin on callus characters in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 39 (1988), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Medicago sativa ; alfalfa ; lucerne ; callus culture ; initiation ; growth ; morphology ; histology ; regeneration ; cytokinin autotrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three callus initiation media, B2-k, B2, and 7951, were used to study the effects of kinetin on callus initiation, morphology, histology, and regenerability in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The presence of kinetin in callus initiation media retarded callus initiation, but enhanced division and differentiation of callus cells. Calluses induced on kinetin-containing media (B2 and 7951) had many compact cell aggregations, which were considered meristematic regions that might differentiate to plantlets on a regeneration medium. Visually, these calluses were compact and had many nodular structures. In contrast, most calluses induced on a kinetin-free medium were composed of large, individual cells and had friable structures without nodules. After transfer to a hormone-free medium, calluses induced on kinetin-containing media regenerated more frequently than those induced on a kinetin-free medium, but cytokinin (kinetin) autotrophism also occurred. Autotrophism was sexually transmissable and especially affected by the female parent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glandular hair densities in three perennial Medicago species (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 43 (1989), S. 15-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Medicago sativa ; Medicago glandulosa ; Medicago glutinosa ; Medicago prostrata ; trichomes ; insect resistance ; glandular hair density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Because a number of insect pests periodically reduce the yields and/or quality of alfalfa, control measures are often required to prevent or limit losses. Physical characteristics such as glandular hairs have been associated with resistance to alfalfa insect pests. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and relationships of glandular hair density on three perennial Medicago species that can be crossed with alfalfa, M. sativa L. Glandular hairs were visually counted on the stem, leaflet margin, abaxial leaflet surface, leaf midrib, and petiole of M. glandulosa David, M. glutinosa Marshall Von Bieberstein, and M. prostrata Jacquin. Environmental and genotypic correlations were obtained to estimate the relationships between hair densities on different structures of each Medicago species. Erect glandular hairs were present on all the vegetative structures of the plants, but density and distribution varied within species. Mean hair density was relatively high and uniform on stems, petioles, leaflet margins, midribs, and abaxial leaflet surfaces of M. prostrata. Glandular hair densities were more dense on stems and petioles than on the leaflets of M. glandulosa and M. glutinosa. Relatively high genotypic and environmental correlation coefficients were obtained when hair densities on stems, petioles, leaflet margins, abaxial leaflet surfaces, and leaflet midribs were compared. Selection on the basis of glandular hair density on one Medicago structure can lead to correlated responses in glandular hair density on other structures on the plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037891
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic control of in vitro regeneration in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 39 (1988), S. 3-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Medicago sativa ; alfalfa ; lucerne ; tissue culture ; callus ; segregation ratio ; complementary genes ; genetic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The genetic control of plant regeneration from callus culture was studied in tetraploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Seven cultivars (total 72 plants) were screened for regenerability. Ladak had the best regeneration response, in which 42% of the plants regenerated. Four regenerable plants and three nonregenerable plants were used to form 10F1 hybrids and three S1 populations. Segregation ratios in the populations suggested that regenerability of alfalfa via petiole culture was under the control of two complementary genes, Rn3 and Rn4. The presence of both dominant genes was necessary for a plant to regenerate in a two-step culture system. The data also indicated that gene dosage influenced regeneration efficiency. Significant reciprocal effects demonstrated that the interaction between callus induction medium and callus regenerability was affected by cytoplasmic factor(s).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field resistance of perennial glandular-haired Medicago strains and alfalfa cultivars to the alfalfa weevil (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 49 (1990), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Medicago ; alfalfa ; lucerne ; Hypera postica ; alfalfa weevil ; glandular hairs ; trichomes ; host plant resistance ; plant height
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field plots planted in 1986 to four, perennial, glandular-haired Medicago strains and four alfalfa cultivars were evaluated for alfalfa weevil, [Hypera postica (Gyllenhal)], abundance and feeding damage as well as plant height from 23 April through 21 may 1987 and from 25 April through 26 May 1988. The plots were located near Mead, Nebraska and both sweep and stem sampling methods were utilized. In 1987, M. glandulosa had the fewest larvae present in sweep samples on 1, 9, and 15 May, although on the last date it did not differ significantly from three other entries. The glandular-haired M. glandulosa also was among those entries having the fewest number of larvae present in stem samples on 9 May, 1987. Significant differences in the number of damaged stem tips were observed on 9 and 21 May, 1987, when M. glandulosa was among those entries having the least amount of damage. The other three glandular-haired strains had larval infestations and damage similar to those for the cultivars. Weevil abundance and damage were generally low in 1988. Medicago glandulosa was shortest of the glandular-haired strains, which were shorter than the cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027268
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollen germination and pollen tube growth following self-pollination and intra- and interspecific pollination of Medicago species (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 527-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Medicago sativa ; alfalfa ; M. scutellata ; M. disciformis ; M. rigidula ; UV fluorescence microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Pollen germination and pollen tube growth after self- and intra- and interspecific pollinations of annual [M. scutellata (L.) Mill., M. disciformis DC., and M. rigidula (L.) All.] and perennial (M. sativa L.) Medicago species were studied using a Carl Zeiss microscope with a fluorescence filter attachment. Self-pollination of self-fertile annual and intraspecific pollination of cross-fertile perennials were characterized by high pollen germination and rapid normal pollen tube growth. In contrast pollen germination percentages were very low and many pollen tube growth abnormalities occurred following interspecific pollination and self-pollination of self-sterile plants. The time period from pollination to fertilization for interspecific crosses was about double that following self-pollination of the annual species. However, fertilization occurred frequently following interspecific pollinations. Much of the sterility was due to factor(s) operating after fertilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021465
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forage quality of genetically diverse alfalfa germplasms at four phenological growth stages (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 51 (1990), S. 53-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Medicago sativa ; alfalfa breeding ; Medicago varia ; lucerne ; forage quality ; phenology ; crude protein ; in vitro digestibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Forage quality of various alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars has been determined under different environmental conditions, and numerous trials with alfalfa have documented an inverse relationship between forage quality and maturity. Little information is available, however, regarding the comparative forage quality of the germplasm sources from which most USA cultivars were developed. We compared forage quality of these germplasm sources at four phenological stages under disease- and insect-free conditions in a greenhouse. Germplasm sources (cultivars) tested were: Indian (Sirsa #9), African (African), Peruvian (Hairy Peruvian), Flemish (DuPuits), Turkistan (Lahontan), Chilean (Kansas Common), M. varia (Grimm), and Ladak (Ladak). Four harvests were taken and forage was separated into four phenological stages: vegetative, early bud (1–3 buds-per-stem), late bud (〉3 buds-per-stem), and bloom. The germplasm source X phenological stage interaction was significant for crude protein (CP) and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) concentrations. M. varia showed the least decline in IVDDM and CP with increasing maturity. M. varia had higher IVDDM than did African and Indian at late bud and bloom stages. Indian and Flemish had higher CP than did Turkistan and Peruvian at late bud and bloom stages. Alfalfa germplasm sources differ in forage quality when comparisions are made within similar stages of phenological development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022892
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Callus induction and plant regeneration from anther and inflorescence culture of Sorghum (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 52 (1991), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Sorghum bicolor L. Moench ; tissue culture ; callus ; haploid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Twenty-five inbred lines, including grain and forage types from the USA and China, two hybrids, one Sorghum almum, and one Parasorghum (S. versicolor) were tested for their response to anther culture. Three nutrient media were effective in inducing anther calli from six cultivars (Xin White, TX 403-TSB, DDY Sommer Milo, TX 2779, Brawley, and Spur Federal) and one was effective for plant regeneration for one cultivar, Xin White. Averaged over media, callus induction frequency (number of calli per 100 anthers) was highest in cultivars Xin White and TX 403-TSB (6.7 and 3.9%, respectively). The means of cultivars for media C17-2 and Ms-t-z-2, 4.3 and 3.2%, respectively, were superior to that for medium 85D3-2 (0.1%). Expressed as an average of the six cultivars and three media the mean calli induction frequency was 2.6%; however, differential responses of genotype and medium were noted. Among the 10 regeneration media tested, medium MS-d-4 containing Murashige and Skoog basal components plus 2.0 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 2.5 mg/l kinetin was the most effective for plant regeneration. Numbers of albino plants and calli developing only roots increased directly with callus-induction time, whereas the frequency of plant regeneration decreased. Regenerated plants had varied numbers of chromosomes in root tip cells: 10, 15, 20, 40, and 60. The 29 regenerated plants that reached maturity, however, were highly fertile and contained only 10 bivalents in pollen mother cells. Normal chromosome number and behavior for the regenerated plants suggest that induced calli originated from cells other than microspores. However, spontaneous chromosome doubling in microspore-derived haploids may occur. The appearance of albinos also implies that haploids may have been produced from anther culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029394
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