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  • Springer  (185)
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  • 1
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 105-125 
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 26B05 ; 42B10 ; 42C99 ; frame ; Gabor system ; Riesz basis ; stability ; wavelet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract If the sequence of functions ϕj, k is a wavelet frame (Riesz basis) or Gabor frame (Riesz basis), we obtain its perturbation system ψj,k which is still a frame (Riesz basis) under very mild conditions. For example, we do not need to know that the support of ϕ or ψ $$(\hat \phi or\hat \psi )$$ is compact as in [14]. We also discuss the stability of irregular sampling problems. In order to arrive at some of our results, we set up a general multivariate version of Littlewood-Paley type inequality which was originally considered by Lemarié and Meyer [17], then by Chui and Shi [9], and Long [16].
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  • 2
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    OR spectrum 20 (1998), S. 101-107 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Competitive location model ; Nash equilibria ; stability ; reachability ; Wettbewerbsmodelle in der Standorttheorie ; Nash Gleichgewicht ; Stabilität ; Erreichbarkeit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der Arbeit werden die Standorte von Duopolisten in einem Baum untersucht. Unter der Annahme festgesetzter Preise werden notwendige und hinreichende Bedingungen für Nash Gleichgewichte für Standorte auf Bäumen hergeleitet. Unter Verwendung dieser Bedingungen wird dann gezeigt, daß — angenommen Nash Gleichgewichte existieren — diese in einem wiederholt angewandten sequentiellen Standortfindungsprozeß, in dem beide Duopolisten als Zielfunktion kurzfristige Gewinnmaximierung haben, auch erreicht werden.
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines the location of duopolists on a tree. Given parametric prices, we first delineate necessary and sufficient conditions for locational Nash equilibria on trees. Given these conditions, we then show that Nash equilibria, provided they exist, can be reached in a repeated sequential relocation process in which both facilities follow short-term profit maximization objectives.
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  • 3
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    OR spectrum 20 (1998), S. 101-107 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Key words: Competitive location model ; Nash equilibria ; stability ; reachability ; Schlüsselwörter: Wettbewerbsmodelle in der Standorttheorie ; Nash Gleichgewicht ; Stabilität ; Erreichbarkeit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. In der Arbeit werden die Standorte von Duopolisten in einem Baum untersucht. Unter der Annahme festgesetzter Preise werden notwendige und hinreichende Bedingungen für Nash Gleichgewichte für Standorte auf Bäumen hergeleitet. Unter Verwendung dieser Bedingungen wird dann gezeigt, daß– angenommen Nash Gleichgewichte existieren – diese in einem wiederholt angewandten sequentiellen Standortfindungsprozeß, in dem beide Duopolisten als Zielfunktion kurzfristige Gewinnmaximierung haben, auch erreicht werden. “Equilibrium is a place in heaven, but how do we get there from here?”
    Notes: Abstract. This paper examines the location of duopolists on a tree. Given parametric prices, we first delineate necessary and sufficient conditions for locational Nash equilibria on trees. Given these conditions, we then show that Nash equilibria, provided they exist, can be reached in a repeated sequential relocation process in which both facilities follow short-term profit maximization objectives.
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  • 4
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    OR spectrum 18 (1996), S. 231-239 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Generalized polymatrix games ; generalized linear complementarity problem ; stability ; degree theory ; Verallgemeinerte Polymatrix-Spiele ; verallgemeinertes lineares Komplementaritätsproblem ; Stabilität ; Grad-Theorie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit führen wir eine Verallgemeinerung des Polymatrix-Spiels (eines Nicht-Nullsummen- und nicht-kooperativenn-Personen-Spiels), das von Howson betrachtet wurde, ein und führen das Problem, eine Gleichgewichtsmenge von Strategien für ein solches Spiel zu berechnen, auf das verallgemeinerte lineare Komplementaritätsproblem von Cottle und Dantzig zurück. Für eine noch allgemeinere Version des Spiels beweisen wir die Existenz einerε-Gleichgewichtsmenge von Strategien. Wir präsentieren auch ein Ergebnis über die Stabilität der Gleichgewichte, das auf der Grad-Theorie beruht.
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we introduce a generalization of the polymatrix game (a nonzero sum noncooperativen-person game) considered by Howson and relate the problem of computing an equilibrium set of strategies for such a game to the generalized linear complementarity problem of Cottle and Dantzig. For an even more general version of the game we prove the existence of anε-equilibrium set of strategies. We also present a result on the stability of the equilibria based on degree theory.
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  • 5
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    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 12 (1998), S. 191-204 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Keywords: groundwater flow ; inverse problems ; stability ; geostatistical interpolation ; kriging.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Differential System Method (DSM) permits identification of the physical parameters of finite-difference groundwater flow models in a confined aquifer when piezometric head and source terms are known at each point of the finite-difference lattice for at least two independent flow situations for which the hydraulic gradients are not parallel. Since piezometric head data are usually few and sparse, interpolation of the measured data onto a regular grid can be performed with geostatistical techniques. We apply kriging to the sparse data of a synthetic aquifer to evaluate the stability of the DSM with respect to uncorrelated measurement errors and interpolation errors. The numerical results show that the DSM is stable.
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  • 6
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    Journal of dynamics and differential equations 10 (1998), S. 151-188 
    ISSN: 1572-9222
    Keywords: Fourth-order solitary waves ; stability ; instability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study ground-state traveling wave solutions of a fourth-order wave equation. We find conditions on the speed of the waves which imply stability and instability of the solitary waves. The analysis depends on the variational characterization of the ground states rather than information about the linearized operator.
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  • 7
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    Positivity 1 (1997), S. 319-330 
    ISSN: 1572-9281
    Keywords: delay equations ; stability ; positive solutions ; spectral growth condition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We prove stability for a semilinear delay equation, whose nonlinearity is majorized by a linear positive operator. The key ingredients are a spectral condition, positivity of solutions to the linear problem, and lattice properties of the Banach space.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-9281
    Keywords: asymptotic stability ; dichotomic maps ; retarded functional differential equation ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with the study of the stability of nonautonomous retarded functional differential equations using the theory of dichotomic maps. After some preliminaries, we prove the theorems on simple and asymptotic stability. Some examples are given to illustrate the application of the method. Main results about asymptotic stability of the equation $$x'(t) = - b(t)x(t - r)$$ and of itsnonlinear generalization $$x'(t) = b(t)f(x(t - r))$$ are established.
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  • 9
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    Annals of operations research 98 (2000), S. 45-64 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: optimal control ; partial differential equations ; numerical methods ; transdermal systems ; acetylene reactors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We present an approach to compute optimal control functions in dynamic models based on one-dimensional partial differential algebraic equations (PDAE). By using the method of lines, the PDAE is transformed into a large system of usually stiff ordinary differential algebraic equations and integrated by standard methods. The resulting nonlinear programming problem is solved by the sequential quadratic programming code NLPQL. Optimal control functions are approximated by piecewise constant, piecewise linear or bang-bang functions. Three different types of cost functions can be formulated. The underlying model structure is quite flexible. We allow break points for model changes, disjoint integration areas with respect to spatial variable, arbitrary boundary and transition conditions, coupled ordinary and algebraic differential equations, algebraic equations in time and space variables, and dynamic constraints for control and state variables. The PDAE is discretized by difference formulae, polynomial approximations with arbitrary degrees, and by special update formulae in case of hyperbolic equations. Two application problems are outlined in detail. We present a model for optimal control of transdermal diffusion of drugs, where the diffusion speed is controlled by an electric field, and a model for the optimal control of the input feed of an acetylene reactor given in form of a distributed parameter system.
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  • 10
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    Annals of operations research 98 (2000), S. 65-87 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: train control ; optimal control ; discrete control ; optimal switching times
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the problem of determining an optimal driving strategy in a train control problem with a generalised equation of motion. We assume that the journey must be completed within a given time and seek a strategy that minimises fuel consumption. On the one hand we consider the case where continuous control can be used and on the other hand we consider the case where only discrete control is available. We pay particular attention to a unified development of the two cases. For the continuous control problem we use the Pontryagin principle to find necessary conditions on an optimal strategy and show that these conditions yield key equations that determine the optimal switching points. In the discrete control problem, which is the typical situation with diesel-electric locomotives, we show that for each fixed control sequence the cost of fuel can be minimised by finding the optimal switching times. The corresponding strategies are called strategies of optimal type and in this case we use the Kuhn–Tucker equations to find key equations that determine the optimal switching times. We note that the strategies of optimal type can be used to approximate as closely as we please the optimal strategy obtained using continuous control and we present two new derivations of the key equations. We illustrate our general remarks by reference to a typical train control problem.
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  • 11
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    Annals of operations research 98 (2000), S. 333-351 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: production planning ; stochastic dynamic programming ; optimal control ; long-run average cost
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We consider a production planning problem in a two-machine flowshop subject to breakdown and repair of machines and subject to nonnegativity and upper bound constraints on work-in-process. The objective is to choose machine production rates over time to minimize the long-run average inventory/backlog and production costs. For sufficiently large upper bound on the work-in-process, the problem is formulated as a stochastic dynamic program. We then establish a verification theorem and a partial characterization of the optimal control policy if it exists.
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  • 12
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    Journal of computational analysis and applications 2 (2000), S. 293-308 
    ISSN: 1572-9206
    Keywords: parabolic equations ; ADI scheme ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An ADI scheme for solving three-dimensional parabolic equations withfirst-order derivatives and variable coefficients has been developed basedon our previous papers and the idea of the modified upwind differencescheme. This ADI scheme is second-order accurate and unconditionallystable. Further, a small parameter can be chosen which makes it suitablefor simulating fast-transient phenomena or for computations on fine spatialmeshes. The method is illustrated with numerical examples.
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    Set-valued analysis 5 (1997), S. 73-88 
    ISSN: 1572-932X
    Keywords: differential inclusion ; invariance ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The properties of invariance, stability, asymptotic stability and attainability of a given compact set $$K \subset \mathbb{R}^n $$ with respect to a differential inclusion, have weak and strong versions: the weak version requires existence of a trajectory with the corresponding property, while the strong one requires this property for all trajectories. The following statement is proven in the paper (under slight restrictions) for each of the above-mentioned properties: if K has the weak property with respect to $$\dot x \in F(x) $$ , then there is a (regulation) mapping G such that G(x) ⊂ F(x) ∀ x and G has the strong property with respect to $${\dot x}$$ ε G(x). In addition, certain regularity of the set of solutions of the last inclusion is claimed.
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  • 14
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    Set-valued analysis 5 (1997), S. 365-375 
    ISSN: 1572-932X
    Keywords: set-valued mappings ; vector optimization ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We establish optimization results for set-valued mappings, with the image space given by a topological vector space partially ordered by a cone. Moreover, we obtain stability results relative to parametrized optimization problems. We use a weak semicontinuity concept related to the order structure of the image space and show how compactness assumptions used in previous papers can be lightened.
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  • 15
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    Annals of operations research 56 (1995), S. 79-93 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Multistage stochastic programs ; optimization in Banach spaces ; stability ; approximation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Multistage stochastic programs are regarded as mathematical programs in a Banach spaceX of summable functions. Relying on a result for parametric programs in Banach spaces, the paper presents conditions under which linearly constrained convex multistage problems behave stably when the (input) data process is subjected to (small) perturbations. In particular, we show the persistence of optimal solutions, the local Lipschitz continuity of the optimal value and the upper semicontinuity of optimal sets with respect to the weak topology inX. The linear case with deterministic first-stage decisions is studied in more detail.
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    Computational & mathematical organization theory 5 (1999), S. 5-30 
    ISSN: 1572-9346
    Keywords: network models ; organization theory ; rule following ; self organized ; stability ; work teams ; work routine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Self-organized rule-following systems are increasingly relevant objects of study in organization theory due to such systems&2018; capacity to maintain control while enabling decentralization of authority. This paper proposes a network model for such systems and examines the stability of the networks&2018; repetitive behavior. The networks examined are Ashby nets, a fundamental class of binary systems: connected aggregates of nodes that individually compute an interaction rule, a binary function of their three inputs. The nodes, which we interpret as workers in a work team, have two network inputs and one self-input. All workers in a given team follow the same interaction rule. We operationalize the notion of stability of the team&2018;s work routine and determine stability under small perturbations for all possible rules these teams can follow. To study the organizational concomitants of stability, we characterize the rules by their memory, fluency, homogeneity, and autonomy. We relate these measures to work routine stability, and find that stability in ten member teams is enhanced by rules that have low memory, high homogeneity, and low autonomy.
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    Journal of dynamics and differential equations 12 (2000), S. 117-167 
    ISSN: 1572-9222
    Keywords: singular perturbation ; standing pulses ; stability ; Hopf bifurcation ; reaction-diffusion system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Bifurcation phenomena from standing pulse solutions of the problem $$\varepsilon \tau u_t = \varepsilon ^2 u_{xx} + f(u,v),{\text{ }}v_t = v_{xx} + g(u,v)$$ is considered. ε(〉0) is a sufficiently small parameter and τ is a positive one. It is shown that there exist two types of destabilization of standing pulse solutions when τ decreases. One is the appearance of travelling pulse solutions via the static bifurcation and the other is that of in-phase breathers via the Hopf bifurcation. Furthermore which type of destabilization occurs first with decreasing τ is discussed for the piecewise linear nonlinearities f and g.
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  • 18
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    Journal of dynamics and differential equations 9 (1997), S. 463-505 
    ISSN: 1572-9222
    Keywords: Difference equations ; random perturbation ; averaging ; diffusion approximation ; randomly perturbed iterations ; stability ; 3SR60 ; 60H15 ; 60J99
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Let (X, ℬ) and (Y,C) be two measurable spaces withX being a linear space. A system is determined by two functionsf(X): X→ X andϕ:X×Y→X, a (small) positive parameterε and a homogeneous Markov chain {y n } in (Y,C) which describes random perturbations. States of the system, say {x n ɛ ∈X, n=0, 1,⋯}, are determined by the iteration relations:x n+1 ɛ =f(x n ɛ )+ɛϕ(x n ɛ ,Yn+1) forn≥0, wherex 0 ɛ =x 0 is given. Here we study the asymptotic behavior of the solutionx n ɛ asε → 0 andn → ∞ under various assumptions on the data. General results are applied to some problems in epidemics, genetics and demographics.
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    Set-valued analysis 5 (1997), S. 377-390 
    ISSN: 1572-932X
    Keywords: differential inclusions ; stability ; boundedness of solutions ; Lyapunov functions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For Lipschitzian differential inclusions, we prove that the existence of suitable Lyapunov functions is necessary for uniform stability and uniform boundedness of solutions.
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    Set-valued analysis 4 (1996), S. 361-374 
    ISSN: 1572-932X
    Keywords: 34A60 ; 34E15 ; 34C29 ; differential inclusion ; singular perturbation ; averaging method ; controlability ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider nonlinear, singularly perturbed differential inclusions and apply the averaging method in order to construct a limit differential inclusion for slow motion. The main approximation result states that the existence and regularity of the limit differential inclusion suffice to describe the limit behavior of the slow motion. We give explicit approximation rates for the uniform convergence on compact time intervals. The approach works under controllability or stability properties of fast motion.
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    Set-valued analysis 7 (1999), S. 209-238 
    ISSN: 1572-932X
    Keywords: nonsmooth analysis ; subdifferentials ; coderivatives ; implicit function theorem ; solvability ; stability ; open mapping theorem ; metric regularity ; multidirectional mean value inequality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We prove a general implicit function theorem for multifunctions with a metric estimate on the implicit multifunction and a characterization of its coderivative. Traditional open covering theorems, stability results, and sufficient conditions for a multifunction to be metrically regular or pseudo-Lipschitzian can be deduced from this implicit function theorem. We prove this implicit multifunction theorem by reducing it to an implicit function/solvability theorem for functions. This approach can also be used to prove the Robinson–Ursescu open mapping theorem. As a tool for this alternative proof of the Robinson–Ursescu theorem, we also establish a refined version of the multidirectional mean value inequality which is of independent interest.
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    Set-valued analysis 8 (2000), S. 31-50 
    ISSN: 1572-932X
    Keywords: stability in optimization ; generalized equations ; Lipschitz continuity ; mathematical programming ; optimal control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study two continuity concepts for set-valued maps that play central roles in quantitative stability analysis of optimization problems: Aubin continuity and Lipschitzian localization. We show that various inverse function theorems involving these concepts can be deduced from a single general result on existence of solutions to an inclusion in metric spaces. As applications, we analyze the stability with respect to canonical perturbations of a mathematical program in a Hilbert space and an optimal control problem with inequality control constraints. For stationary points of these problems, Aubin continuity and Lipschitzian localization coincide; moreover, both properties are equivalent to surjectivity of the map of the gradients of the active constraints combined with a strong second-order sufficient optimality condition.
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    Set-valued analysis 8 (2000), S. 111-126 
    ISSN: 1572-932X
    Keywords: viability ; optimal control ; value function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we explain that various (possibly discontinuous) value functions for optimal control problem under state-constraints can be approached by a sequence of value functions for suitable discretized systems. The key-point of this approach is the characterization of epigraphs of the value functions as suitable viability kernels. We provide new results for estimation of the convergence rate of numerical schemes and discuss conditions for the convergence of discrete optimal controls to the optimal control for the initial problem.
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    Set-valued analysis 8 (2000), S. 253-266 
    ISSN: 1572-932X
    Keywords: Hausdorff metric ; linear inequality systems ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we propose a Hausdorff metric to measure the “distance” between two linear inequality systems on a real normed space X. For this topology, which comes through a pseudo-metric in the set Σ of linear inequality systems, the closedness of the feasible set mapping is studied, and at the same time a characterization of the stability of the subset Σ c of consistent sytems is given.
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    Annals of operations research 98 (2000), S. 19-44 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: optimal control ; nonlinear systems ; parabolic systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We consider first nonlinear systems of the form x=A(x)x+B(x)u together with a standard quadratic cost functional and replace the system by a sequence of time-varying approximations for which the optimal control problem can be solved explicitly. We then show that the sequence converges. Although it may not converge to a global optimal control of the nonlinear system, we also consider a similar approximation sequence for the equation given by the necessary conditions of the maximum principle and we shall see that the first method gives solutions very close to the optimal solution in many cases. We shall also extend the results to parabolic PDEs which can be written in the above form on some Hilbert space.
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    Annals of operations research 99 (2000), S. 251-265 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: stochastic programming ; bond portfolio management ; interest ratescenarios ; stability ; sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The bond portfolio management problem is formulated as a multiperiod two-stage or multistage stochastic program based on interest rate scenarios. These scenarios depend on the available market data, on the applied estimation and sampling techniques, etc., and are used to evaluate coefficients of the resulting large scale mathematical program. The aim of the contribution is to analyze stability and sensitivity of this program on small changes of the coefficients – the (scenario dependent) values of future interest rates and prices. We shall prove that under sensible assumptions, the scenario subproblems are stable linear programs and that also the optimal first-stage decisions and the optimal value of the considered stochastic program possess acceptable continuity properties.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 57 (1999), S. 287-338 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: sub-Riemannian geometry ; optimal control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is a continuation of a series of papers, dealing with contact sub-Riemannian metrics on R3. We study the special case of contact metrics that correspond to isoperimetric problems on the plane. The purpose is to understand the nature of the corresponding optimal synthesis, at least locally. It is equivalent to studying the associated sub-Riemannian spheres of small radius. It appears that the case of generic isoperimetric problems falls down in the category of generic sub-Riemannian metrics that we studied in our previous papers (although, there is a certain symmetry). Thanks to the classification of spheres, conjugate-loci and cut-loci, done in those papers, we conclude immediately. On the contrary, for the Dido problem on a 2-d Riemannian manifold (i.e. the problem of minimizing length, for a prescribed area), these results do not apply. Therefore, we study in details this special case, for which we solve the problem generically (again, for generic cases, we compute the conjugate loci, cut loci, and the shape of small sub-Riemannian spheres, with their singularities). In an addendum, we say a few words about: (1) the singularities that can appear in general for the Dido problem, and (2) the motion of particles in a nonvanishing constant magnetic field.
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    Advances in computational mathematics 10 (1999), S. 271-289 
    ISSN: 1572-9044
    Keywords: delay differential equations ; steady state solutions ; stability ; 34K20 ; 65J10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The characteristic equation of a system of delay differential equations (DDEs) is a nonlinear equation with infinitely many zeros. The stability of a steady state solution of such a DDE system is determined by the number of zeros of this equation with positive real part. We present a numerical algorithm to compute the rightmost, i.e., stability determining, zeros of the characteristic equation. The algorithm is based on the application of subspace iteration on the time integration operator of the system or its variational equations. The computed zeros provide insight into the system’s behaviour, can be used for robust bifurcation detection and for efficient indirect calculation of bifurcation points.
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    Applications of mathematics 45 (2000), S. 161-176 
    ISSN: 1572-9109
    Keywords: reaction-diffusion system ; unilateral conditions ; quasivariational inequality ; Leray-Schauder degree ; eigenvalue ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider a reaction-diffusion system of the activator-inhibitor type with unilateral boundary conditions leading to a quasivariational inequality. We show that there exists a positive eigenvalue of the problem and we obtain an instability of the trivial solution also in some area of parameters where the trivial solution of the same system with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions is stable. Theorems are proved using the method of a jump in the Leray-Schauder degree.
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    BIT 36 (1996), S. 531-541 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: Meromorphic resolvent ; stability ; power bounded
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Tools to estimate resolvents are developed and a model result is given for power bounded operators: the dimension showing up in the Kreiss matrix theorem can be replaced by the trace norm.
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    BIT 39 (1999), S. 385-402 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: Gaussian elimination ; stability ; backward error analysis ; growth factor
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A new backward error analysis of LU factorization is presented. It allows to obtain a sharper upper bound for the forward error and a new definition of the growth factor that we compare with the well known Wilkinson growth factor for some classes of matrices. Numerical experiments show that the new growth factor is often of order approximately log2 n whereas Wilkinson's growth factor is of order n or $$\sqrt n$$ .
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    Advances in computational mathematics 9 (1998), S. 145-171 
    ISSN: 1572-9044
    Keywords: periodic pseudodifferential equations ; multiwavelets ; splines with multiple knots ; generalized Galerkin–Petrov schemes ; boundary element methods ; error analysis ; stability ; Strang–Fix condition ; 65J10 ; 65N30 ; 65N35 ; 65R20 ; 47G30 ; 45P05 ; 41A25 ; 41A30 ; 41A15
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    Notes: Abstract We develop a stability and convergence analysis of Galerkin–Petrov schemes based on a general setting of multiresolution generated by several refinable functions for the numerical solution of pseudodifferential equations on smooth closed curves. Particular realizations of such a multiresolution analysis are trial spaces generated by biorthogonal wavelets or by splines with multiple knots. The main result presents necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of the numerical method in terms of the principal symbol of the pseudodifferential operator and the Fourier transforms of the generating multiscaling functions as well as of the test functionals. Moreover, optimal convergence rates for the approximate solutions in a range of Sobolev spaces are established.
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    Advances in computational mathematics 12 (2000), S. 229-250 
    ISSN: 1572-9044
    Keywords: numerical analysis ; shallow water problems ; DIRK methods ; stability ; 65L06 ; 65L20 ; 65M12 ; 65M20
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We construct A‐stable and L‐stable diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta methods of which the diagonal vector in the Butcher matrix has a minimal maximum norm. If the implicit Runge–Kutta relations are iteratively solved by means of the approximately factorized Newton process, then such iterated Runge–Kutta methods are suitable methods for integrating shallow water problems in the sense that the stability boundary is relatively large and that the usually quite fine vertical resolution of the discretized spatial domain is not involved in the stability condition.
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    Advances in computational mathematics 4 (1995), S. 1-26 
    ISSN: 1572-9044
    Keywords: Wavelets ; biorthogonal wavelets ; stability ; primary 15A12 ; 65F35 ; secondary 42C15
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For orthogonal wavelets, the discrete wavelet and wave packet transforms and their inverses are orthogonal operators with perfect numerical stability. For biorthogonal wavelets, numerical instabilities can occur. We derive bounds for the 2-norm and average 2-norm of these transforms, including efficient numerical estimates if the numberL of decomposition levels is small, as well as growth estimates forL → ∞. These estimates allow easy determination of numerical stability directly from the wavelet coefficients. Examples show that many biorthogonal wavelets are in fact numerically well behaved.
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    Annals of global analysis and geometry 13 (1995), S. 141-148 
    ISSN: 1572-9060
    Keywords: Gauss curvature ; stability ; 53
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We prove that a domain on a surface of constant curvature is stable provided the integral of the mean curvature is small enough.
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    Annals of global analysis and geometry 15 (1997), S. 277-297 
    ISSN: 1572-9060
    Keywords: mean curvature ; $$r$$ -mean curvature ; sphere ; stability ; stable
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    Notes: Abstract We deal with compact hypersurfaces immersed in space forms with constant $$r$$ -mean curvature. They are critical points for a variational problem. We show they are stable if and only if they are geodesic spheres, generalizing results on constant curvature hypersurfaces.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: finite difference methods ; wave equation ; accuracy ; stability ; Padé approximants ; order stars ; Riemann surface
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    Notes: Abstract We consider three time-level difference schemes, symmetric in time and space, for the solution of the wave equation,u tt =c 2 u xx , given by $$\sum\limits_{j = - S}^S {b_j U_{n + 1,m + j} + } \sum\limits_{j = - S}^S {a_j U_{n,m + j} + } \sum\limits_{j = - S}^S {b_j U_{n - 1,m + j} } = 0.$$ It has already been proved that the maximal order of accuracyp of such schemes is given byp ≤ 2(s + S). In this paper we show that the requirement of stability does not reduce this maximal order for any choice of the pair (s, S). The result is proved by introducing an order star on the Riemann surface of the algebraic function associated with the scheme. Furthermore, Padé schemes, withS = 0,s 〉 0, ands = 0,S 〉 0, are proved to be stable for 0 〈 μ 〈 1, where μ is the Courant number. These schemes can be implemented with high-order absorbing boundary conditions without reducing the range of μ for which stable solutions are obtained.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 49 (1997), S. 35-54 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: dynamical systems ; stability ; pseudo orbit tracing property ; nonstandard analysis
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It is known that it is not possible to introduce C0 -structural stability for whole systems in topological dynamics. Using the methods of Nonstandard Analysis, we suggest four different purely topological stability concepts for dynamical systems on compact subsets of Rn. Classically these amount to considering the space of all systems on a given subset of Rn as the fundamental entity when deforming a continuous system (instead of the space of all continuous systems as is normally done in topological dynamics). For two of the introduced stability concepts, we will show that all minimal flows are stable in this sense. Besides this, we will show that one of our stability concepts is related to what is called the pseudo orbit tracing property in a recently published book by Aoki and Hiraide and compare some of our results to the theory of dynamical systems as presented there.
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    BIT 40 (2000), S. 62-73 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: Gaussian elimination ; stability ; pivoting
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It has been recently shown that large growth factors might occur in Gaussian Elimination with Partial Pivoting (GEPP) also when solving some plausibly natural systems. In this note we argue that this potential problem could be easily solved, with much smaller risk of failure, by very small (and low cost) modifications of the basic algorithm, thus confirming its inherent robustness. To this end, we first propose an informal model with the goal of providing further support to the comprehension of the stability properties of GEPP. We then report the results of numerical experiments that confirm the viewpoint embedded in the model. Basing on the previous observations, we finally propose a simple scheme that could be turned into (even more) accurate software for the solution of linear systems.
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    BIT 40 (2000), S. 611-639 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: Runge-Kutta methods ; stability ; convergence ; stiff problems
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    Notes: Abstract This paper studies the stability and convergence properties of general Runge-Kutta methods when they are applied to stiff semilinear systems y′(t) = J(t)y(t) + g(t, y(t)) with the stiffness contained in the variable coefficient linear part. We consider two assumptions on the relative variation of the matrix J(t) and show that for each of them there is a family of implicit Runge-Kutta methods that is suitable for the numerical integration of the corresponding stiff semilinear systems, i.e. the methods of the family are stable, convergent and the stage equations possess a unique solution. The conditions on the coefficients of a method to belong to these families turn out to be essentially weaker than the usual algebraic stability condition which appears in connection with the B-stability and convergence for stiff nonlinear systems. Thus there are important RK methods which are not algebraically stable but, according to our theory, they are suitable for the numerical integration of semilinear problems. This paper also extends previous results of Burrage, Hundsdorfer and Verwer on the optimal convergence of implicit Runge-Kutta methods for stiff semilinear systems with a constant coefficients linear part.
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    Geometriae dedicata 62 (1996), S. 281-298 
    ISSN: 1572-9168
    Keywords: 53C23 ; Hyperbolicity ; stability ; quasi-geodesics
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It is known that for a geodesic metric space hyperbolicity in the sense of Gromov implies geodesic stability. In this paper it is shown that the converse is also true. So Gromov hyperbolicity and geodesic stability are equialent for geodesic metric spaces.
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    Advances in computational mathematics 10 (1999), S. 115-133 
    ISSN: 1572-9044
    Keywords: Runge–Kutta–Nyström methods ; predictor–corrector methods ; stability ; parallelism ; 65M12 ; 65M20
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    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the construction of block predictor–corrector methods based on Runge–Kutta–Nyström correctors. Our approach is to apply the predictor–corrector method not only with stepsize h, but, in addition (and simultaneously) with stepsizes a i h, i = 1 ...,r. In this way, at each step, a whole block of approximations to the exact solution at off‐step points is computed. In the next step, these approximations are used to obtain a high‐order predictor formula using Lagrange or Hermite interpolation. Since the block approximations at the off‐step points can be computed in parallel, the sequential costs of these block predictor–corrector methods are comparable with those of a conventional predictor–corrector method. Furthermore, by using Runge–Kutta–Nyström corrector methods, the computation of the approximation at each off‐step point is also highly parallel. Numerical comparisons on a shared memory computer show the efficiency of the methods for problems with expensive function evaluations.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 46 (1997), S. 29-48 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations ; nonlinear potentials ; nonlinear PDE ; viscosity solutions ; optimal control
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A formal method of constructing the viscosity solutions for abstract nonlinear equations of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) type was developed in the previous work of the author. A new advantage of this method (which was called an ‘nonlinear potentials’ method) is that it gives a possibility to choose at the first step an expected regularity of the solution and then – to construct this solution. This makes the whole procedure more simple because an analysis of regularity of viscosity solutions is usually the most complicated step. Nonlinear potentials method is a generalization of Krylov's approach to study HJB equations. In this article nonlinear potentials method is applied to elliptic degenerate HJB equations in Rd with variable coefficients.
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    BIT 39 (1999), S. 620-645 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: Numerical integrator ; oscillatory solutions ; Schrödinger equation ; quantum-classical coupling ; error bounds ; stability
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study time integration methods for equations of mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics in which Newtonian equations of motion and Schrödinger equations are nonlinearly coupled. Such systems exhibit different time scales in the classical and the quantum evolution, and the solutions are typically highly oscillatory. The numerical methods use the exponential of the quantum Hamiltonian whose product with a state vector is approximated using Lanczos' method. This allows time steps that are much larger than the inverse of the highest frequencies. We describe various integration schemes and analyze their error behaviour, without assuming smoothness of the solution. As preparation and as a problem of independent interest, we study also integration methods for Schrödinger equations with time-dependent Hamiltonian.
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    BIT 40 (2000), S. 226-240 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: Stochastic differential equations ; regularisation ; stability
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    Notes: Abstract This paper is devoted to the numerical analysis of ill-posed problems of evolution equations in Banach spaces using certain classes of stochastic one-step methods. The linear stability properties of these methods are studied. Regularisation is given by the choice of the regularisation parameter as α = $$\sqrt {\tau _n }$$ , where τ n is the stepsize and provides the convergence on smooth initial data. The case of the approximation of well-posed problems is also considered.
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    Czechoslovak mathematical journal 47 (1997), S. 409-424 
    ISSN: 1572-9141
    Keywords: R δ-set ; homotopic ; contractible ; evolution triple ; evolution inclusion ; compact embedding ; optimal control
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In the paper we study the topological structure of the solution set of a class of nonlinear evolution inclusions. First we show that it is nonempty and compact in certain function spaces and that it depends in an upper semicontinuous way on the initial condition. Then by strengthening the hypothesis on the orientor field F(t, x), we are able to show that the solution set is in fact an R δ-set. Finally some applications to infinite dimensional control systems are also presented.
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    Czechoslovak mathematical journal 48 (1998), S. 291-312 
    ISSN: 1572-9141
    Keywords: evolution triple ; optimal control ; monotone operator ; hemicontinuous operator ; parabolic system ; property (Q)
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider nonlinear systems with a priori feedback. We establish the existence of admissible pairs and then we show that the Lagrange optimal control problem admits an optimal pair. As application we work out in detail two examples of optimal control problems for nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations.
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    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 47 (1996), S. 809-816 
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Keywords: 34D20 ; 34D35 ; 35Q72 ; 73H10 ; 73K03 ; Elastic string ; stability ; energy-momentum ; axial motion
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We establish the stability of axial motions (steady motions along the lengthwise direction) of nonlinearly elastic loops of string. A key observation here is that a linear combination of the total energy and the total circulation of the string, both of which are conserved quantities, yields an appropriate Liapunov function. From our previous work [5], we know that there are uncountably many shapes corresponding to a given axial speed. Accordingly, we establish “orbitai” stability (modulo this collection of relative equilibria). For a well-defined class of “soft” materials, there is an upper bound on the axial speed sufficient for stability; “stiff” materials are shown to be orbitally stable at any axial speed.
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 126 (1998), S. 117-124 
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Keywords: 52A20 ; 52A22 ; star bodies ; spherical integral transformations ; convex bodies ; stability
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract LetK be ad-dimensional star body (with respect to the origino). It is known that the (d−1)-dimensional volume of the intersections ofK with the hyperplanes througho does not uniquely determineK. Uniqueness can only be achieved under additional assumptions, such as central symmetry. Here it is pointed out that if one uses, instead of intersections by hyperplanes, intersections by half-planes that containo on the boundary, then, without any additional assumptions, the volume of these intersections determinesK uniquely. This assertion, and more general results of this kind, together with stability estimates, are obtained from uniqueness results and estimates concerning a particular spherical integral transformation.
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    Journal of marine science and technology 1 (1995), S. 24-36 
    ISSN: 1437-8213
    Keywords: surf-riding ; nonlinear ; wave ; ship motion ; stability ; chaos
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    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The behavior of a ship encountering large regular waves from astern at low frequency is the object of investigation, with a parallel study of surf-riding and periodic motion paterns. First, the theoretical analysis of surf-riding is extended from purely following to quartering seas. Steady-state continuation is used to identify all possible surf-riding states for one wavelength. Examination of stability indicates the existence of stable and unstable states and predicts a new type of oscillatory surf-riding. Global analysis is also applied to determine the areas of state space which lead to surf-riding for a given ship and wave conditions. In the case of overtaking waves, the large rudder-yaw-surge oscillations of the vessel are examined, showing the mechanism and conditions responsible for loss of controllability at certain vessel headings.
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    K-Theory 10 (1996), S. 491-516 
    ISSN: 1573-0514
    Keywords: 57M60 ; 57N13 ; 57R91 ; 19G38 ; topological 4-manifold ; pseudofree action ; equivariant intersection form ; stability ; topological rigidity
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with the algebraic aspects of the classification of pseudofree, locally linear group actions on a simply connected 4-manifold, particularly with the splitting and stability properties of the associated Hermitian intersection module and its isometry group. Our main result is the proof of stability of the equivariant intersection form for a large class of pseudofree actions. We also prove a topological rigidity theorem stating that two locally linear, pseudofree actions on a closed, oriented, simply connected 4-manifold, with the equivariant intersection forms indefinite and of rank at least 3 at each irreducible character, are topologically conjugate by an orientation preserving homeomorphism if and only if their oriented local representations at the corresponding fixed points are linearly equivalent.
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    Letters in mathematical physics 53 (2000), S. 313-320 
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Keywords: partial differential equations ; nonlinearities ; symmetries ; stability ; minimization
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We suggest a simple but general method of establishing symmetry properties of stable solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations. The method relies on characterization of symmetry breaking with a help of zero modes and on a generalization of the Perron–Frobenius theory.
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    Journal of nonlinear science 5 (1995), S. 373-418 
    ISSN: 1432-1467
    Keywords: Hamiltonian system with symmetry ; relative equilibria ; perturbation ; linearization ; stability
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A relative equilibrium of a Hamiltonian system with symmetry is a point of phase space giving an evolution which is a one-parameter orbit of the action of the symmetry group of the system. The evolutions of sufficiently small perturbations of a formally stable relative equilibrium are arbitrarily confined to that relative equilibrium's orbit under the isotropy subgroup of its momentum. However, interesting evolution along that orbit, here called drift, does occur. In this article, linearizations of relative equilibria are used to construct a first order perturbation theory explaining drift, and also to determine when the set of relative equilibria near a given relative equilibrium is a smooth symplectic submanifold of phase space.
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    International journal of game theory 25 (1996), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 1432-1270
    Keywords: Bimatrix game ; ɛ-equilibrium ; optimal strategies ; vertical linear complementarity problem ; degree ; stability
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this article, we consider a two-person game in which the first player picks a row representative matrixM from a nonempty set $$A$$ ofm ×n matrices and a probability distributionx on {1,2,...,m} while the second player picks a column representative matrixN from a nonempty set ℬ ofm ×n matrices and a probability distribution y on 1,2,...,n. This leads to the respective costs ofx t My andx t Ny for these players. We establish the existence of an ɛ-equilibrium for this game under the assumption that $$A$$ and ℬ are bounded. When the sets $$A$$ and ℬ are compact in ℝmxn, the result yields an equilibrium state at which stage no player can decrease his cost by unilaterally changing his row/column selection and probability distribution. The result, when further specialized to singleton sets, reduces to the famous theorem of Nash on bimatrix games.
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    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 14 (1995), S. 127-136 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Nondestructive evaluation ; corrosion monitoring ; electrical impedance tomography ; stability ; numerical methods
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the problem of detecting and assessing, by means of static electrical measurements, damage due to corrosion in a structure. Corrosion damage, which is assumed to occur in an inaccessible part of a specimen, is modelled as material loss. The detection device consists of electrodes which inject DC current and measure voltage potentials in the accessible part of the specimen. The topography of the damaged surface is estimated from the measured data. This research is meant to evaluate if a method based on static electrical measurements has the potential to be developed into a useful nondestructive evaluation tool. We propose computational methods that take the measured data and estimate the unknown damaged surface. The methods are studied in order to understand their properties. Several example calculations from synthetic data are presented. Our findings indicate that such a device has limited resolution. However, it offers several advantages that make it worthwhile to pursue further research.
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    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: (discrete-time) Markov control processes ; expected total cost ; value iteration ; policy iteration ; stability ; transient control models
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper studies the expected total cost (ETC) criterion for discrete-time Markov control processes on Borel spaces, and possibly unbounded cost-per-stage functions. It presents optimality results which include conditions for a control policy to be ETC-optimal and for the ETC-value function to be a solution of the dynamic programming equation. Conditions are also given for the ETC-value function to be the limit of the α-discounted cost value function as α ↑ 1, and for the Markov control process to be `stable" in the sense of Lagrange and almost surely. In addition, transient control models are fully analized. The paper thus provides a fairly complete, up-dated, survey-like presentation of the ETC criterion for Markov control processes on Borel spaces.
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 62 (2000), S. 23-130 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: stability ; functional equations ; Cauchy difference ; semigroup ; inequalities ; approximate
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we study the stability of functional equations that has its origins with S. M. Ulam, who posed the fundamental problem 60 years ago and with D. H. Hyers, who gave the first significant partial solution in 1941. In particular, during the last two decades, the notion of stability of functional equations has evolved into an area of continuing research from both pure and applied viewpoints. Both classical results and current research are presented in a unified and self-contained fashion. In addition, related problems are investigated. Some of the applications deal with nonlinear equations in Banach spaces and complementarity theory.
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    Acta mathematicae applicatae sinica 12 (1996), S. 216-224 
    ISSN: 1618-3932
    Keywords: Dynamics of populations ; enemy-pest system ; persistence ; stability
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The model of a kind of predator-parasite-pest system is built in this paper in which the parasite population is controlled by predator in such a way that it preys upon the pest individuals parasitized. A disgusty of predator for preying upon the pest individuals parasitized is introduced in the model to measure the intensity that the parasite population was controlled by the predator. The persistence and the stability are studied for this system mathematically. And the influence of the disgusty on the persistence of the system is also noticed in biology.
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    Acta mathematicae applicatae sinica 13 (1997), S. 176-187 
    ISSN: 1618-3932
    Keywords: Spherical surface ; pseudospectral method ; vorticity equations ; stability ; convergence
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The pseudospectral method for solving vorticity equations on spherical surface is discussed. An interpolation procedure, which is different from the usual ones, is proposed. Based on such an interpolation, the pseudospectral scheme is constructed. Its generalized stability and convergence are analyzed rigorously. The theoretical analysis and computational skills can also be applied to other nonlinear partial differential equations defined on spherical surface.
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    Numerical algorithms 10 (1995), S. 225-244 
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: Cholesky factorization error analysis ; Hankel matrix ; least squares ; normal equations ; orthogonal factorization ; QR factorization ; semi-normal equations ; stability ; Toeplitz matrix ; weak stability ; Primary 65F25 ; Secondary 47B35 ; 65F05 ; 65F30 ; 65Y05 ; 65Y10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We show that a fast algorithm for theQR factorization of a Toeplitz or Hankel matrixA is weakly stable in the sense thatR T R is close toA T A. Thus, when the algorithm is used to solve the semi-normal equationsR TRx=AT b, we obtain a weakly stable method for the solution of a nonsingular Toeplitz or Hankel linear systemAx=b. The algorithm also applies to the solution of the full-rank Toeplitz or Hankel least squares problem min ||Ax-b||2.
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    Numerical algorithms 14 (1997), S. 343-359 
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: progressive interpolation ; stability ; spline ; shape parameters ; geometric continuity ; 41A05 ; 41A15 ; 65D05 ; 65D07
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we study several interpolating and smoothing methods for data which are known “progressively”. The algorithms proposed are governed by recurrence relations and our principal goal is to study their stability. A recurrence relation will be said stable if the spectral radius of the associated matrix is less than one. The iteration matrices depend on shape parameters which come either from the connection at the knots, or from the nature of the interpolant between two knots. We obtain various stability domains. Moving the parameters inside these domains leads to interesting shape effects.
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    Journal of mathematical chemistry 28 (2000), S. 325-340 
    ISSN: 1572-8897
    Keywords: numerical method ; stability ; Hopf bifurcation ; coupled oscillator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A second-order accurate numerical method has been proposed for the solution of a coupled non-linear oscillator featuring in chemical kinetics. Although implicit by construction, the method enables the solution of the model initial-value problem (IVP) to be computed explicitly. The second-order method is constructed by taking a linear combination of first-order methods. The stability analysis of the system suggests the existence of a Hopf bifurcation, which is confirmed by the numerical method. Both the critical point of the continuous system and the fixed point of the numerical method will be seen to have the same stability properties. The second-order method is more competitive in terms of numerical stability than some well-known standard methods (such as the Runge–Kutta methods of order two and four).
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    Numerical algorithms 10 (1995), S. 245-260 
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: Multistep methods ; differential-algebraic equations ; stability ; existence and uniqueness ; convergence of iterative method ; 65L06 ; 65L20 ; 65N22
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Multistep methods for the differential/algebraic equations (DAEs) in the form of $$F_1 (x) = 0, F_2 (x,x',z) = 0$$ are presented, whereF 1 maps from ℝ n to ℝ ′ ,F 2 from ℝ n x ℝ n x ℝ m to ℝ s andr〈n≤r+s=n+m. By employing the deviations of the available existence theories, a new form of the multistep method for solutions of (1) is developed. Furthermore, it is shown that this method has no typical instabilities such as those that may occur in the application of multistep method to DAEs in the traditional manner. A proof of the solvability of the multistep system is provided, and an iterative method is developed for solving these nonlinear algebraic equations. Moreover, a proof of the convergence of this iterative method is presented.
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    Acta mathematicae applicatae sinica 13 (1997), S. 33-44 
    ISSN: 1618-3932
    Keywords: Inverse problem ; hyperbolic equations ; eigenvalue problem ; spectral function ; integral kernel ; stability
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the inverse boundary value problem of the hyperbolic system of first-order differential equations is discussed. The estimate of the solution and the quantitative analysis about its stability are obtained, and some stability criteria are established.
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 16 (1995), S. 195-202 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: nonlinear ; stability ; Lyapunov function
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the paper Lyapumov function for a fourth order linear system is given and stability of the trivial solutions to a class of fourth order nonlinear systems is studied.
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 16 (1995), S. 635-642 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: analytic mechanics ; nonholonomic system ; stability
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The stability for the equilibrium states of Chaplygin's systems is considered. The equations of motion of Chaplygin's systems and the existence conditions of their equilibrium states are given. Some criteria of stability for the equilibrium. states of Chaplygin's systems are obtained. Two examples are finally given.
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 17 (1996), S. 869-877 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: thermohaline double-diffusive system ; periodic solution ; stability
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A shortout analytic method of stability in strong nonlinear autonomous system is introduced into stability analysis of the thermohaline double-diffusive system. Using perturbation technique obtains conditions of existence and stability for linear and nonlinear periodic solutions. For linear periodic solution in infinitesimal motion, the existence range of monotomic branch and oscillatory branch are outilined. The oscillatory branch of nonlinear periodic solution in finite-amplitude motion has unstable periodic solution when μ is smaller than critical value µ c in this case of 0〈rs-rsc≪1. The stability conclusions under different direction of vortex are drawn out.
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 18 (1997), S. 61-68 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: viscoplastic dynamics ; optimal control ; variational principle ; finite element method
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents the optimal control variational principle for Perzyna model which is one of the main constitutive relation of viscoplasticity in dynamics. And it could also be transformed to solve the parametric quadratic programming problem. The FEM form of this problem and its implementation have also been discussed in the paper.
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 19 (1998), S. 163-168 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: nonlinear equation ; stability ; Newton's method ; auto-adjustable damping method ; the vector of damping factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The general approach for solving the nonlinear equations is linearizing the equations and forming various iterative procedures, then executing the numerical simulation. For the strongly nonlinear problems, the solution obtained in the iterative process is always difficult, even divergent due to the numerical instability. It can not fulfill the engineering requirements. Newton's method and its variants can not settle this problem. As a result, the application of numerical simulation for the strongly nonlinear problems is limited. An auto-adjustable damping method has been presented in this paper. This is a further improvement of Newton's method with damping factor. A set of vector of damping factor is introduced. This set of vector can be adjusted continuously during the iterative process in accordance with the judgement and adjustment. An effective convergence coefficient and quichening coefficient are employed to relax the restricted requirements for the initial values and to shorten the iterative process. Then, the numerical stability will be ensured for the solution of complicated strongly nonlinear equations. Using this method, some complicated strongly nonlinear heat transfer problems in airplanes and aeroengines have been numerically simulated successfully. It can be used for the numerical simulation of strongly nonlinear problems in engineering such as nonlinear hydrodynamics and aerodynamics, heat transfer and structural dynamic response etc.
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 19 (1998), S. 861-867 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: rotating fluids ; motion of body ; small disturbances ; stability
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the disturbances to a uniformly rotating ideal fluid with a sphere moving steadily along the axis of rotation are analysed by using linearization theory, the equations of disturbance, pressure and disturbance stream function governing the stability of motion are derived based on the assumption that the flow is rotational symmetric. The equation of disturbance stream function is analysed with the method of normal modes, and the constraints on wave number and wave velocity of the nontrivial neutral disturbances are established and the exact expression of the neutral disturbances are obtained. The conclusion is drawn that three are three kinds of possible forms of neutral disturbances.
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 20 (1999), S. 912-916 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: delay ; neural network ; stability ; TN911.23 ; O332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, by using Liapunov functional, some sufficient conditions are obtained for the stability of the equilibrium of a neural network model with delay of the type $$u'_i \left( t \right) = - b_i u_i \left( t \right) + \sum\limits_{j = 1}^n {T_{ij} f_j } \left( {\mu _j u_j \left( {t - \tau _j } \right)} \right) + c_i ,\tau _j \geqslant 0,i = 1,2 \cdots ,n.$$
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    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 42 (1998), S. 320-327 
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Keywords: MHD ; stability ; bifurcations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A series of numerical studies on the behaviour of magnetic fields and motions in a spherical body of an electrically conducting incompressible fluid have been carried out. The magnetic field was assumed to be maintained by a given electromotive force inside the body and to continue as a potential field in outer space. In view of the motion an external forcing was taken into account, and boundary conditions were considered which correspond to a stress-free surface. The stability of several steady states has been studied as well as the evolutions starting from unstable states. In this paper a configuration with a poloidal magnetic field and a differential rotation, both symmetric about the same axis, is considered. This configuration is stable only for sufficiently small Hartmann numbers but evolves, if disturbed, in the case of larger Hartmann numbers toward a non-axisymmetric state. In this case the well-known symmetrization effect of differential rotation in magnetic fields is destroyed.
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 16 (1995), S. 515-520 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: singular perturbation ; nonlinear state regulator ; optimal control ; diagonalization technique
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper will seek the optimal control and corresponding trajectories of the singularly perturbed nonlinear state regulator problem. Under appropriate hypotheses, it will be possible to complete an asymptotic solution which is uniformly valid when σ→0.
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 19 (1998), S. 457-462 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: neural networks ; equilibrium ; stability
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, some sufficient conditions are obtained for the global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium of neural networks with interneuronal transmission delays of the type $$x'_i (t) = - b_i x_i (t) + \sum\limits_{j = 1}^n {\omega _{\ddot y} f_j (x_j (t - \tau _j )) + p_i (t 〉 0;i = 1,2, \cdots ,n)} $$
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 20 (1999), S. 1384-1388 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: nonlinear dynamic system ; bifurcation ; stability ; TB123 ; O322
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A computation algorithm based on the Poincaré Mapping in combination with Pseudo-Arc Length Continuation Method is presented for calculating the unstable response with saddle-node bifurcation, and the singularity, which occurs using the general continuation method combined with Poincaré Mapping to follow the path, is also proved. A normalization equation can be introduced to avoid the singularity in the process of iteration, and a new iteration algorithm will be presented too. There will be two directions in which the path can be continued at each point, but only one can be used. The method of determining the direction will be presented in the paper. It can be concluded that is method is effective in analysis of nonlinear dynamic system with saddle-node bifurcations.
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 20 (1999), S. 233-240 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: viscoelasticity ; cylindrical shell ; stability
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the dynamic stability of a viscoelastic circular cylindrical shell subject to an axial compressive force and a uniformly distributed radial compressive load is discussed. By using the Laplace transformation, stability conditions of viscoelastic shell under constant loads are yielded. By using synthetically the classical dynamic methods, the various dynamical properties for the dynamical system defined by the viscoelastic shell and the effect of parameters on the stability of structure are obtained.
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    Discrete event dynamic systems 5 (1995), S. 343-355 
    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: optimal control ; FMS scheduling ; maximum principle ; instant setups
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A continuous time dynamic model of discrete scheduling problems for a large class of manufacturing systems is considered in the present paper. The realistic manufacturing based on multi-level bills of materials, flexible machines, controllable buffers and deterministic demand profiles is modeled in the canonical form of optimal control. Carrying buffer costs are minimized by controlling production rates of all machines that can be set up instantly. The maximum principle for the model is studied and properties of the optimal production regimes are revealed. The solution method developed rests on the iterative approach generalizing the method of projected gradient, but takes advantage of the analytical properties of the optimal solution to reduce significantly computational efforts. Computational experiments presented demonstrate effectiveness of the approach in comparison with pure iterative method.
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    Discrete event dynamic systems 5 (1995), S. 383-403 
    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: Discrete event systems ; stability ; boundedness ; Petri nets ; manufacturing systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Recently it has been shown that the conventional notions of stability in the sense of Lyapunov and asymptotic stability can be used to characterize the stability properties of a class of “logical” discrete event systems (DES). Moreover, it has been shown that stability analysis via the choice of appropriate Lyapunov functions can be used for DES and can be applied to several DES applications including manufacturing systems and computer networks (Passino et al. 1994, Burgess and Passino 1994). In this paper we extend the conventional notions and analysis of uniform boundedness, uniform ultimate boundedness, practical stability, finite time stability, and Lagrange stability so that they apply to the class of logical DES that can be defined on a metric space. Within this stability-theoretic framework we show that the standard Petri net-theoretic notions of boundedness are special cases of Lagrange stability and uniform boundedness. In addition we show that the Petri ent-theoretic approach to boundedness analysis is actually a Lyapunov approach in that the net-theoretic analysis actually produces an appropriate Lyapunov function. Moreover, via the Lyapunov approach we provide a sufficient condition for the uniform ultimate boundedness of General Petri nets. To illustrate the Petri net results, we study the boundedness properties of a rate synchronization network for manufacturing systems. In addition, we provide a detailed analysis of the Lagrange stability of a single-machine manufacturing system that uses a priority-based part servicing policy.
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    Discrete event dynamic systems 8 (1998), S. 137-173 
    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: hybrid systems ; switched systems ; timed Petri nets ; stability ; supervisory control
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, timed Petri nets are used to model and control hybrid systems. Petri nets are used instead of finite automata primarily because of the advantages they offer in dealing with concurrency and complexity issues. A brief overview of existing results on hybrid systems that are based on Petri nets is first presented. A class of timed Petri nets named programmable timed Petri nets (PTPN) is then used to model hybrid systems. Using the PTPN, the stability and supervisory control of hybrid systems are addressed and efficient algorithms are introduced. In particular, we present sufficient conditions for the uniform ultimate boundness of hybrid systems composed of multiple linear time invariant plants which are switched between using a logical rule described by a Petri net. This paper also examines the supervisory control of a hybrid system in which the continuous state is transfered to a region of the state space in a way that respects safety specifications on the plant's discrete and continuous dynamics.
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    Discrete event dynamic systems 7 (1997), S. 209-232 
    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: Stochastic recurrence equations ; performance evaluation ; ergodicity ; stability ; subadditive ergodic theory
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic dynamics of discrete event systems. In this paper we focus on a wide class of models arising in several fields and particularly in computer science. This class of models may be characterized by stochastic recurrence equations in ℝK of the form T(n+1) = φ n+1(T(n)) where φ n is a random operator monotone and 1—linear. We establish that the behaviour of the extremas of the process T(n) are linear. The results are an application of the sub-additive ergodic theorem of Kingman. We also give some stability properties of such sequences and a simple method of estimating the limit points.
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    Discrete event dynamic systems 8 (1998), S. 353-364 
    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: scheduling ; optimal control ; time-decomposition methods
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses dynamic methods for solving a class of multi-project scheduling problems in which rates of job performances are controllable and resources such as money, energy or manpower per time unit, are renewable and continuously divisible. The objective is to complete the projects as close to the common due date as possible. Two different ways of imposing sequential precedence relations between project jobs are explored by formulating two dynamic models and studying their relationships on the optimal solution. Efficient time-decomposition algorithms for finding either globally optimal schedules or lower bound guided near-optimal solutions are suggested and computationally tested.
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    Journal of mathematical imaging and vision 7 (1997), S. 309-323 
    ISSN: 1573-7683
    Keywords: relaxation labeling processes ; consistency ; growth transformations ; Liapunov functions ; stability
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present some new results which definitively explain thebehavior of the classical, heuristic nonlinear relaxation labelingalgorithm of Rosenfeld, Hummel, and Zucker in terms of theHummel-Zucker consistency theory and dynamical systems theory. Inparticular, it is shown that, when a certain symmetry condition is met,the algorithm possesses a Liapunov function which turns out to be (thenegative of) a well-known consistency measure. This follows almostimmediately from a powerful result of Baum and Eagon developed in thecontext of Markov chain theory. Moreover, it is seen that most of theessential dynamical properties of the algorithm are retained when thesymmetry restriction is relaxed. These properties are also shown tonaturally generalize to higher-order relaxation schemes. Someapplications and implications of the presented results are finallyoutlined.
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    Discrete event dynamic systems 8 (1998), S. 175-201 
    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: hybrid systems ; optimal control ; calculus of variations ; manufacturing systems ; queueing systems ; nonsmooth optimization ; two point boundary value problems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We propose a modeling framework for a class of hybrid systems which arise in many manufacturing environments and study related optimal control problems. In this framework, discrete entities have a state characterized by a temporal component whose evolution is described by event-driven dynamics, and a physical component whose evolution is described by time-driven dynamics. As a first step towards developing an optimal control theory for such hybrid systems, we formulate a problem consisting of a single-stage manufacturing process and use calculus of variations techniques to obtain structural properties and an explicit algorithm for deriving optimal policies.
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    Discrete event dynamic systems 9 (1999), S. 45-64 
    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: hybrid dynamic systems ; event feedback ; real-time scheduling ; stability
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Based on some practical engineering problems arising from process control and space-structure control, this paper studies a class of hybrid dynamic systems in which N plants are controlled by a central controller in sharing time manner, where the plants are described by differential equations and the controller works according to the mechanism of discrete events. An event feedback strategy is suggested to be a scheduling policy such that one and only one plant among N plants is chosen to be controlled at any time. Some conditions of asymptotical and exponential stability are then given and an exponential upper bound of states norm is also estimated for the event feedback scheduling strategy. An algorithm based on event feedback strategy is presented to determine the control laws of the plants to meet the given performance. An example follows to illustrate the application and effect of the results.
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    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: Decentralized scheduling ; manufacturing systems ; corridor policies ; stability
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    Notes: Abstract Sharifnia, Caramanis, and Gershwin [1991] introduced a class of policies for manufacturing systems, called by themlinear corridor policies. They proved that their stability can be discussed by the study of a simpler subset of such policies (cone policies). This paper revisits their work presenting a different description of the dynamics of the systems under study and explores it to device a necessary and sufficient condition for stability, obtained by the strengthening of the assumptions in Sharifnia et al. (1991). This condition is shown to be simply tested (M −1≥0) and valid for various realizations.
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    Discrete event dynamic systems 8 (1998), S. 37-54 
    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: Production planning ; stochastic dynamic programming ; vanishing discount approach ; optimal control ; long-run average cost
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with the problem of production planning in a flexible manufacturing system consisting of a single or parallel failure-prone machines producing a number of different products. The objective is to choose the rates of production of the various products over time in order to meet their demands at the minimum long-run average cost of production and surplus. The analysis proceeds with a study of the corresponding problem with a discounted cost. It is shown using the vanishing discount approach for the average cost problem that the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation in terms of directional derivatives has a solution consisting of the minimal average cost and the so-called potential function. The result helps in establishing a verification theorem, and in specifying an optimal control policy in terms of the potential function. The results settle a hitherto open problem as well as generalize known results.
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    Lithuanian mathematical journal 39 (1999), S. 20-32 
    ISSN: 1573-8825
    Keywords: Schrödinger equation ; explicit finite-difference schemes ; stability ; energy conservation ; convergence
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider three-level explicit schemes for solving the nonlinear variable coefficient Schrödinger-type equation. Using spectral and energy methods we establish the stability and convergence of these schemes. The existence of discrete conservation laws is investigated. General results are applied for the DuFort-Frankel and leap-frog diffenrence schemes.
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    Aquatic geochemistry 6 (2000), S. 1-17 
    ISSN: 1573-1421
    Keywords: lakes ; density ; compressibility ; expansibility ; conductivity ; stability ; pvt properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In recent years, a number of workers have studied the stability of deep lakes such as Lake Tanganyika, Lake Baikal and Lake Malawi. In this paper, the methods that can be used to determine the effect that the components of lakes have on the equation of state are examined. The PVT properties of Lakes have been determined by using apparent molal volume data for the major ionic components of the lake. The estimated PVT properties (densities, expansibility and compressibilities) of the lakes are found to be in good agreement with the PVT properties (P) of seawater diluted to the same salinity. This is similar to earlier work that showed that the PVT properties of rivers and estuarine waters could also be estimated from the properties of seawater. The measured densities of Lake Tanganyika were found to be in good agreement (± 2 × 10-6 g cm-3) with the values estimated from partial molal properties and the values of seawater at the same total salinity (ST = 0.568‰). The increase in the densities of Lake Tanganyika waters increased due to changes in the composition of the waters. The measured increase in the measured density (45 × 10-6 g cm-3) is in good agreement (46 × 10-6 g cm-3) with the values calculated for the increase in Na+, HCO3 -, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Si(OH)4. Methods are described that can be used to determine the conductivity salinity of lakes using the equations developed for seawater. By combining these relationships with apparent molal volume data, one can relate the PVT properties of the lake to those of seawater.
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    Mathematical notes 60 (1996), S. 383-388 
    ISSN: 1573-8876
    Keywords: optimal control ; nonlinear singular system ; state constraints ; penalty method
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A control system described by a nonlinear equation of parabolic type is considered in the situation where there may be no global solution. A particular optimal control problem subject to state constraints is studied. A proof of the existence of an optimal control is presented. The penalty method is used to obtain necessary conditions for optimal control. A proof of the convergence of this method is given. The successive approximation method is used to obtain an approximate solution for the conditions derived.
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    Mathematical notes 63 (1998), S. 396-400 
    ISSN: 1573-8876
    Keywords: ordinary differential equations ; fast and slow time ; periodic solutions ; existence ; stability
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider a system of ordinary first-order differential equations. The right-hand sides of the system are proportional to a small parameter and depend almost periodically on fast time and periodically on slow time. With this system, we associate the system averaged over fast time. We assume that the averaged system has a structurally unstable periodic solution. We prove a theorem on the existence and stability of almost periodic solutions of the original system.
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    Mathematical notes 60 (1996), S. 269-273 
    ISSN: 1573-8876
    Keywords: abstract Cauchy problem ; uniform correctness ; perturbation theory ; stability
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The stability of the uniform correctness of the Cauchy problem $$u(t) + \frac{k}{t}u'(t) = \mathbb{A}u(t)$$ ,t〉0,u(0)=u 0,u′(0)=0 fork〉0 with respect to perturbations of the operator $$\mathbb{A}$$ is studied.
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    Earth, moon and planets 87 (1999), S. 103-115 
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Accretion ; exoplanetary system ; extrasolar planets ; numerical integration ; orbital migration ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A number of extrasolar planets have been detected in close orbits around nearby stars. It is probable that these planets did not form in these orbits but migrated from their formation locations beyond the ice line. Orbital migration mechanisms involving angular momentum transfer through tidal interactions between the planets and circumstellar gas-dust disks or by gravitational interaction with a residual planetesimal disk together with several means of halting inward migration have been identified. These offer plausible schemes to explain the orbits of observed extrasolar giant planets and giant planets within the Solar System. Recent advances in numerical integration methods and in the power of computer workstations have allowed these techniques to be applied to modelling directly the mechanisms and consequences of orbital migration in the Solar System. There is now potential for these techniques also to be applied to modelling the consequences of the orbital migration of planets in the observed exoplanetary systems. In particular the detailed investigation of the stability of terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of these systems and the formation of terrestrial planets after the dissipation of the gas disk is now possible. The stability of terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of selected exoplanetary systems has been established and the possibility of the accretion of terrestrial planets in these systems is being investigated by the author in collaboration with Barrie W. Jones (Open University), and with John Chambers (NASA-Ames) and Mark Bailey of Armagh Observatory, using numerical integration. The direct simulation of orbital migration by planetesimal scattering must probably await faster hardware and/or more efficient algorithms.
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  • 93
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 105 (2000), S. 263-276 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: optimal control ; distributed-parameter systems ; Pontryagin maximum principle ; Ekeland variational principle ; unbounded controls
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We prove the maximum principle for an optimal control problem governed by the system $$y'(t) + A(t)y(t) = f(t,y(t),u(t)),{\text{ }}u(t) \in U(t), $$ with state constraint $$(y(0),y(T)) \in C \subset H \times H $$ , under three different hypotheses: (H1) C is a convex set with nonempty interior; (H2) $$C = \{ y_0 \} \times C_{0,} {\text{ with }}C_0 $$ a convex set with nonempty interior in H and the evolution system satisfying compactness hypotheses; (H3) the periodic case $$y(0) = y(T)$$ , with the evolution system satisfying compactness hypotheses. We do not assume the controls to be bounded. We give some examples for distributed control problems.
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  • 94
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 106 (2000), S. 231-264 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: hierarchical control ; manufacturing systems ; stochastic dynamic programming ; optimal control ; long-run average cost
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider a production planning problem for a dynamic jobshop producing a number of products and subject to breakdown and repair of machines. The machine capacities are assumed to be finite-state Markov chains. As the rates of change of the machine states approach infinity, an asymptotic analysis of this stochastic manufacturing systems is given. The analysis results in a limiting problem in which the stochastic machine availability is replaced by its equilibrium mean availability. The long-run average cost for the original problem is shown to converge to the long-run average cost of the limiting problem. The convergence rate of the long-run average cost for the original problem to that of the limiting problem together with an error estimate for the constructed asymptotic optimal control is established.
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  • 95
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 106 (2000), S. 627-655 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: variational inequalities ; optimal control ; state constraint ; maximum principle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This work deals with the necessary conditions of optimality for some optimal control problems governed by elliptic variational inequalities. Boundary control and state constrained problems are considered. The techniques used are based on those in Ref. 1 and a new penalty functional is defined in this paper.
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  • 96
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 107 (2000), S. 275-286 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: optimal control ; thresholds ; multiple equilibria ; instability ; concavity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An important and numerous literature argues that nonconcavity (often convexity with respect to the state) of the Hamiltonian leads to multiple steady states, instability, and a threshold. This threshold property provides a powerful paradigm to explain history dependency and hysteresis. This paper shows that economically relevant properties (in particular, multiple steady states and thresholds) are possible in strict concave models too. Two corresponding necessary conditions with intuitive economic interpretation are derived.
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  • 97
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 84 (1995), S. 415-431 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Kalman filtering ; Karhunen-Loève expansion ; stability ; observability ; controllability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Several state-space models for estimating a second-order stochastic process are proposed in this paper on the basis of the approximate Karhunen-Loève expansion. Properties of these models are studied and then the Kalman filtering method is applied. The accuracy of the models on the basis of two different situations, deterministic or random inputs, is studied by means of a simulation of a Brownian motion.
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  • 98
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 86 (1995), S. 251-261 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Degenerate diffusions ; ergodic control ; optimal control ; Markov control ; stationary solutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For the ergodic control problem with degenerate diffusions, the existence of an optimal solution is established for various interesting classes of solutions.
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  • 99
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 87 (1995), S. 33-45 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Maximum principle ; distributed-parameter systems ; optimal control ; structural control ; hyperbolic partial differential equations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A maximum principle is developed for a class of problems involving the optimal control of a damped-parameter system governed by a linear hyperbolic equation in one space dimension that is not necessarily separable. A convex index of performance is formulated, which consists of functionals of the state variable, its first- and second-order space derivatives, its first-order time derivative, and a penalty functional involving the open-loop control force. The solution of the optimal control problem is shown to be unique. The adjoint operator is determined, and a maximum principle relating the control function to the adjoint variable is stated. The proof of the maximum principle is given with the help of convexity arguments. The maximum principle can be used to compute the optimal control function and is particularly suitable for problems involving the active control of structural elements for vibration suppression.
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  • 100
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 87 (1995), S. 235-267 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Sampled-data systems ; multivariable control systems ; robust control ; multirate controllers ; control systems design ; optimal control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with the problem of designing multirate-output contrlleers for sampled-dataH ∞-optimal control of linear continuous-time systems. Two formulations of the problem are studied. In the first, the intersample behavior of the disturbance and the controlled output signals is not considered, whereas in the second the continuous-time nature of these signals is taken into account. It is shown that, in both cases and unter appropriate conditions, it is plausible to reduce the repective initial problem to an associated discrete-timeH ∞-optimization problem for which a fictitious static state feedback controller is to be designed. This fact has a beneficial influence on the theoretical and numerical complexity of the problem, since only one algebraic Riccati equation is to be solved here, as compared to two algebraic Riccati equations needed in known techniques concerning theH ∞-optimization problem with dynamic measurement feedback.
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