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  • Springer  (453,137)
  • Wiley  (159,611)
  • PANGAEA  (50,470)
  • Copernicus  (48,960)
  • 2010-2014  (712,178)
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  • 1
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    RRS James Cook Cruise JC094, October 13 – November 30 2013, Tenerife - Trinidad. TROPICS, Tracing Oceanic Processes using Corals and Sediments. Reconstructing abrupt Changes in Chemistry and Circulation of the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean: Implications for global Climate and deep-water Habitats (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 2
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    Data supplement (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-20
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 3
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    Remote sensing of aerosols in the Arctic for an evaluation of global climate model simulations (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, Wiley, 119(13), pp. 8169-8188, ISSN: 0148-0227
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-05
    Description: In this study MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua retrievals of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 555 nm are compared to sun-photometer measurements from Svalbard for a period of 9 years. For the 642 daily coincident measurements that were obtained, MODIS AOT generally varies within the predicted uncertainty of the retrieval over ocean (ΔAOT = ±0.03 ± 0.05 · AOT). The results from the remote sensing have been used to examine the accuracy in estimates of aerosol optical properties in the Arctic, generated by global climate models and from in-situ measurements at the Zeppelin station, Svalbard. AOT simulated with the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1-M)/ CAM4-Oslo global climate model does not reproduce the observed seasonal variability of the Arctic aerosol. The model overestimates clear-sky AOT by nearly a factor of 2 for the background summer season, while tending to underestimate the values in the spring season. Furthermore, large differences in all-sky AOT of up to one order of magnitude are found for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) model ensemble for the spring and summer seasons. Large differences between satellite/ground-based remote sensing of AOT and AOT estimated from dry and humidified scattering coefficients are found for the subarctic marine boundary layer in summer.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 4
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    Particle flux characterisation and sedimentation patterns of protistan plankton during the iron fertilisation experiment LOHAFEX in the Southern Ocean, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2014.04.007, supplementary material (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-25
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 5
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    Climate sensitivity across marine domains of life: limits to evolutionary adaptation shape species interactions, supplementary material (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-27
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 6
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    Spatial database of canopy plant densities in Galapagos in 2011, focussing on invasive species and using satellite data (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 7
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    Climate sensitivity across marine domains of life: limits to evolutionary adaptation shape species interactions (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Change Biology, Wiley, ISSN: 1365-2486
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Organisms in all domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya will respond to climate change with differential vulnerabilities resulting in shifts in species distribution, coexistence, and interactions. The identification of unifying principles of organism functioning across all domains would facilitate a cause and effect understanding of such changes and their implications for ecosystem shifts. For example, the functional specialization of all organisms in limited temperature ranges leads us to ask for unifying functional reasons. Organisms also specialize in either anoxic or various oxygen ranges, with animals and plants depending on high oxygen levels. Here, we identify thermal ranges, heat limits of growth, and critically low (hypoxic) oxygen concentrations as proxies of tolerance in a meta-analysis of data available for marine organisms, with special reference to domain-specific limits. For an explanation of the patterns and differences observed, we define and quantify a proxy for organismic complexity across species from all domains. Rising complexity causes heat (and hypoxia) tolerances to decrease from Archaea to Bacteria to uni- and then multicellular Eukarya. Within and across domains, taxon-specific tolerance limits likely reflect ultimate evolutionary limits of its species to acclimatization and adaptation. We hypothesize that rising taxon-specific complexities in structure and function constrain organisms to narrower environmental ranges. Low complexity as in Archaea and some Bacteria provide life options in extreme environments. In the warmest oceans, temperature maxima reach and will surpass the permanent limits to the existence of multicellular animals, plants and unicellular phytoplankter. Smaller, less complex unicellular Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea will thus benefit and predominate even more in a future, warmer, and hypoxic ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
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    Supplementary material (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-01
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 9
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    Supplementary data (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-30
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 10
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    Potential effects of climate change on the distribution range of the main silicate sinker of the Southern Ocean (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, 4(16), pp. 3147-3161, ISSN: 2045-7758
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-24
    Description: Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, a dominant diatom species throughout the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, is coined to be one of the main drivers of the biological silicate pump. Here, we study the distribution of this important species and expected consequences of climate change upon it, using correlative species distribution modeling and publicly available presence-only data. As experience with SDM is scarce for marine phytoplankton, this also serves as a pilot study for this organism group. Southern Ocean. We used the maximum entropy method to calculate distribution models for the diatom F. kerguelensis based on yearly and monthly environmental data (sea surface temperature, salinity, nitrate and silicate concentrations). Observation data were harvested from GBIF and the Global Diatom Database, and for further analyses also from the Hustedt Diatom Collection (BRM). The models were projected on current yearly and seasonal environmental data to study current distribution and its seasonality. Furthermore, we projected the seasonal model on future environmental data obtained from climate models for the year 2100. Projected on current yearly averaged environmental data, all models showed similar distribution patterns for F. kerguelensis. The monthly model showed seasonality, for example, a shift of the southern distribution boundary toward the north in the winter. Projections on future scenarios resulted in a moderately to negligibly shrinking distribution area and a change in seasonality. We found a substantial bias in the publicly available observation datasets, which could be reduced by additional observation records we obtained from the Hustedt Diatom Collection. Present day distribution patterns inferred from the models coincided well with background knowledge and previous reports about F. kerguelensis distribution, showing that maximum entropy-based distribution models are suitable to map distribution patterns for oceanic planktonic organisms. Our scenario projections indicate moderate effects of climate change upon the biogeography of F. kerguelensis.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    A first Glimpse at the genome of the Baikalian amphipod Eulimnogammarus verrucosus (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, Wiley, 322(3), pp. 177-189, ISSN: 1552-5007
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-21
    Description: Eulimnogammarus verrucosus is an amphipod endemic to the unique ecosystem of Lake Baikal and serves as an emerging model in ecotoxicological studies. We report here on a survey sequencing of its genome as a first step to establish sequence resources for this species. From a single lane of paired-end sequencing data, we estimated the genome size as nearly 10 Gb and we obtained an overview of the repeat content. At least two-thirds of the genome are non-unique DNA, and a third of the genomic DNA is composed of just five families of repetitive elements, including low-complexity sequences. Attempts to use off-the-shelf assembly tools failed on the available low-coverage data both before and after removal of highly repetitive components. Using a seed-based approach we nevertheless assembled short contigs covering 33 pre-microRNAs and the homeodomain-containing exon of nine Hox genes. The absence of clear evidence for paralogs implies that a genome duplication did not contribute to the large genome size. We furthermore report the assembly of the mitochondrial genome using a new, guided “crystallization” procedure. The initial results presented here set the stage for a more complete sequencing and analysis of this large genome.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 12
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    Documentation of GPS measurements at station BREI (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 13
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    Latent heat exchange in the boreal and arctic biomes (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Change Biology, Wiley, pp. n/a–n/a, ISSN: 1365-2486
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-19
    Description: In this study latent heat flux (λE) measurements made at 65 boreal and arctic eddy-covariance (EC) sites were analyses by using the Penman–Monteith equation. Sites were stratified into nine different ecosystem types: harvested and burnt forest areas, pine forests, spruce or fir forests, Douglas-fir forests, broadleaf deciduous forests, larch forests, wetlands, tundra and natural grasslands. The Penman–Monteith equation was calibrated with variable surface resistances against half-hourly eddy-covariance data and clear differences between ecosystem types were observed. Based on the modeled behavior of surface and aerodynamic resistances, surface resistance tightly control λE in most mature forests, while it had less importance in ecosystems having shorter vegetation like young or recently harvested forests, grasslands, wetlands and tundra. The parameters of the Penman–Monteith equation were clearly different for winter and summer conditions, indicating that phenological effects on surface resistance are important. We also compared the simulated λE of different ecosystem types under meteorological conditions at one site. Values of λE varied between 15% and 38% of the net radiation in the simulations with mean ecosystem parameters. In general, the simulations suggest that λE is higher from forested ecosystems than from grasslands, wetlands or tundra-type ecosystems. Forests showed usually a tighter stomatal control of λE as indicated by a pronounced sensitivity of surface resistance to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit. Nevertheless, the surface resistance of forests was lower than for open vegetation types including wetlands. Tundra and wetlands had higher surface resistances, which were less sensitive to vapor pressure deficits. The results indicate that the variation in surface resistance within and between different vegetation types might play a significant role in energy exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and atmosphere. These results suggest the need to take into account vegetation type and phenology in energy exchange modeling.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    PAGE21 WP5 - Land surface hydrology from remotely sensed data at PAGE21 sites (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-31
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 15
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    Inventory of thermo-erosional valleys and streams in three ice-rich permafrost lowlands adjacent to the Laptev Sea (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 16
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    Supplementary Information to: Panter, K.S. et al. (2009) (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-10
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 17
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    Overview of planned route and research areas (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-06
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 18
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    supplement to Nature Geoscience (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-05
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 19
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    The California Current Predator Diet Database: Synthesis of Common Forage Species (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-06
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 20
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    Marine viruses: the beneficial side of a threat (2014)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Springer, ISSN: 0273-2289
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-30
    Description: Marine viruses are ubiquitous, extremely diverse, and outnumber any form of life in the sea. Despite their ecological importance, viruses in marine environments have been largely ignored by the academic community, and only those that have caused substantial economic losses have received more attention. Fortunately, our current understanding on marine viruses has advanced considerably during the last decades. These advances have opened new and exciting research opportunities as several unique structural and genetic characteristics of marine viruses have shown to possess an immense potential for various biotechnological applications. Here, a condensed overview of the possibilities of using the enormous potential offered by marine viruses to develop innovative products in industries as pharmaceuticals, environmental remediation, cosmetics, material sciences, and several others, is presented. The importance of marine viruses to biotechnology should not be underestimated.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 21
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    Site map (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-01
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 22
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    Supplementary data (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 23
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    Ocean Acidification and Oceanic Carbon Cycling (2014)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Global Environmental Change, (Handbook of Global Environmental Pollution ;1), Dordrecht ; London, Springer, 973 p., pp. 103-110, ISBN: 978-94-007-5783-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 24
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    Previews of daily mean Land Surface Temperature data (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-02
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 25
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    supplementary data (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2014-07-04
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 26
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    BSRN snapshot readme (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2014-06-19
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 27
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    supplementary data (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-19
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 28
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    Probability inundation map for a scenario combining storm surge and sea-level rise (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-24
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 29
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    PumaPlex: Raw data generated during the development of the SNP markers (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 30
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    Supplementary data (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-25
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 31
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    Freshwater runoff for Taylor Slough to Florida Bay for 1965 to 2000 for the FATHOM model (supplement) (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-28
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 32
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    Linear Weakening of the AMOC in response to Receding Glacial Ice Sheets in CCSM3 (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, 41(17), pp. 6252-6258, ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The transient response of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) to a deglacial ice-sheet retreat is studied using the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3), with a focus on orographic effects rather than meltwater discharge. It is found that the AMOC weakens significantly (41%) in response to the deglacial ice-sheet retreat. The AMOC weakening follows the decrease of the Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet volume linearly, with no evidence of abrupt thresholds. A wind-driven mechanism is proposed to explain the weakening of the AMOC: lowering the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets induces a northward shift of the westerlies, which causes a rapid eastward sea-ice transport and expanded sea-ice cover over the subpolar North Atlantic; this expanded sea ice insulates the ocean from heat loss and leads to suppressed deep convection and a weakened AMOC. A sea ice-ocean positive feedback could be further established between the AMOC decrease and sea-ice expansion.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 33
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    NetCDF supplement to Spatial decorrelation lengths of surfance ocean fCO2 (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 34
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    Assimilating SMOS sea ice thickness into a coupled ice-ocean model using a local SEIK filter (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, Wiley, ISSN: 0148-0227
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The impact of assimilating sea ice thickness data derived from ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite together with Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) sea ice concentration data of the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in a coupled sea ice-ocean model is examined. A period of 3 months from 1 November 2011 to 31 January 2012 is selected to assess the forecast skill of the assimilation system. The 24 h forecasts and longer forecasts are based on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm), and the assimilation is performed by a localized Singular Evolutive Interpolated Kalman (LSEIK) filter. For comparison, the assimilation is repeated only with the SSMIS sea ice concentrations. By running two different assimilation experiments, and comparing with the unassimilated model, independent satellite-derived data, and in situ observation, it is shown that the SMOS ice thickness assimilation leads to improved thickness forecasts. With SMOS thickness data, the sea ice concentration forecasts also agree better with observations, although this improvement is smaller.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 35
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    Underwater Gear Track Data from PS86 - Processing Report for USBL Posidonia Data on RV “Polarstern” (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-13
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Supplementary data (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-10
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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    Supplementary data (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-02
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 38
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    National nitrogen budget for Denmark (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-18
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 39
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    Supplementary data (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-29
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 40
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    Supplementary data (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-30
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 41
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    Using empirical orthogonal functions derived from remote sensing reflectance for the prediction of concentrations of phytoplankton pigments. (2014)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3Ocean Science Discussions, Copernicus, 11(5), pp. 2073-2117, ISSN: 1812-0822
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Description: The composition and abundance of algal pigments provide information on characteristics of a phytoplankton community in respect to its photoacclimation, overall biomass, and taxonomic composition. Particularly, these pigments play a major role in photoprotection and in the light-driven part of photosynthesis. Most phytoplankton pigments can be measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) techniques to filtered water samples. This method, like others when water samples have to be analysed in the laboratory, is time consuming and therefore only a limited number of data points can be obtained. In order to receive information on phytoplankton pigment composition with a higher temporal and spatial resolution, we have developed a method to assess pigment concentrations from continuous optical measurements. The method applies an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis to remote sensing reflectance data derived from ship-based hyper-spectral underwater radiometric and from multispectral satellite data (using the MERIS Polymer product developed by Steinmetz et al., 2011) measured in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic. Subsequently we developed statistically linear models with measured (collocated) pigment concentrations as the response variable and EOF loadings as predictor variables. The model results, show that surface concentrations of a suite of pigments and pigment groups can be well predicted from the ship-based reflectance measurements, even when only a multi-spectral resolution is chosen (i.e. eight bands similar to those used by MERIS). Based on the MERIS reflectance data, concentrations of total and monovinyl chlorophyll a and the groups of photoprotective and photosynthetic carotenoids can be predicted with high quality. The fitted statistical model constructed on the satellite reflectance data as input was applied to one month of MERIS Polymer data to predict the concentration of those pigment groups for the whole Eastern Tropical Atlantic area. Bootstrapping explorations of cross-validation error indicate that the method can produce reliable predictions with relatively small data sets (e.g., 〈 50 collocated values of reflectance and pigment concentration). The method allows for the derivation of time series from continuous reflectance data of various pigment groups at various regions, which can be used to study variability and change of phytoplankton composition and photo-physiology.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 42
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    Mooring setups (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-06
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 43
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    Study on the effects of near-future ocean acidification on marine yeasts: a microcosm approach (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-12
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 44
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    Seismostratigraphy of the Siberian Sector of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent Laptev Sea Shelf (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, Wiley, 119(7), pp. 5275-5289, ISSN: 2169-9356
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-18
    Description: A new seismostratigraphic model has been established within the Arctic Ocean adjacent to the East Siberian Shelf on the basis of multichannel seismic reflection data acquired along a transect at 81°N. Ages for the sedimentary units were estimated via links to seismic lines and drill site data of the US Chukchi Shelf, the Lomonosov Ridge, and the adjacent Laptev Shelf. Two distinct seismic units were mapped throughout the area and are the constraints for dating the remaining strata. The lower marker unit, a pronounced high-amplitude reflector sequence (HARS), is the most striking stratigraphic feature over large parts of the Arctic Ocean. It indicates a strong and widespread change in deposition conditions. Probably, it developed during Oligocene times when a reorientation of Arctic Plates took place, accompanied by the gradual opening of the Fram Strait, and a widespread regression of sea level. The top of the HARS likely marks the end of Oligocene/early Miocene (23Ma). An age estimate for the base of the sequence is less clear but likely corresponds to base of Eocene (˜56Ma). The second marked unit detected on the seismic lines parallels the seafloor with a thickness of about 200ms two-way travel time (160 m). Its base is marked by a change from a partly transparent sequence with weak amplitude reflections below to a set of continuous high-amplitude reflectors above. This interface likely marks the transition to large-scale glaciation of the northern hemisphere and therefore is ascribed to the top Miocene (5.3 Ma).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 45
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    EM-120 bathymetry data collected during RRS James Cook cruise JC094, multibeam report (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-02
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 46
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    LIENSs Stable Isotope Facility. Appendix 2: Sample preparation protocols (version: March 24, 2014) (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-13
    Description: This appendix details all the technical protocols used at LIENSs Stable Isotope Facility (LIENSs SIF) for stable isotope analysis of various sample types. Sampling strategies and methodologies depend on research objectives, sampling sites and sampled organisms or materials. As such they are under the responsability of the researcher and are thus not described here. Besides sample preparation protocols, this appendix concerns also sample encapsulation and sample submission to our laboratory. This appendix is focused on C & N analyses. However, a large part of it can be applied to other isotopes or other matrices which specificities are (or will be) given in additional appendices.
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    Air Humidity/Air Temperature Sensor Hygroclip2 (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-11
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 48
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    Monitoring glacier changes on the Antarctic Peninsula (2014)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Global Land Ice Measurements from Space, Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, pp. 717-741, ISBN: 978-3-540-79817-0
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: The Antarctic Peninsula has exhibited some of the most spectacular changes observed in glacial systems in recent decades. The events include disintegration of ice shelves, acceleration and thinning of glaciers, variations in the limits between glacier facies, and retreat of glacier fronts. However, due to the lack of both consistent systematic observations of the glacial systems and information on their boundary conditions, it is difficult to accurately predict the contribution of Antarctic Peninsula glaciers to sea level rise and further responses of these ice masses to climatic and oceanographic changes. In this context, the activities of the GLIMS Regional Center for the Antarctic Peninsula and its network of international collaborators are based on the use of various types of Earth observation imagery, mainly optical and radar data. Although a complete glacier inventory is still lacking, we present the results of changes in glacier frontal positions and boundaries of glacier facies as well as links to dynamical adjustments for various locations in the Antarctic Peninsula’s ice masses. Evaluation of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and reflection Radiometer (ASTER) digital elevation models generated for the Antarctic Peninsula is also discussed.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 49
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    Subfossil cladoceran from sediment in thermokarst lakes in northeastern Siberia, Russia and their relationship to limnological and climatic variables (2014)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Paleolimnology, Springer, 52(1), pp. 107-119
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-22
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 50
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    A modern pollen-climate calibration set from central-western Mongolia and its application to a late glacial-Holocene record (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Biogeography, Wiley, 41(10), pp. 1909-1922, ISSN: 03050270
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-23
    Description: Aim Fossil pollen spectra from lake sediments in central and western Mongolia have been used to interpret past climatic variations, but hitherto no suitable modern pollen–climate calibration set has been available to infer past climate changes quantitatively. We established such a modern pollen dataset and used it to develop a transfer function model that we applied to a fossil pollen record in order to investigate: (1) whether there was a significant moisture response to the Younger Dryas event in north-western Mongolia; and (2) whether the early Holocene was characterized by dry or wet climatic conditions. Location Central and western Mongolia. Methods We analysed pollen data from surface sediments from 90 lakes. A transfer function for mean annual precipitation (Pann) was developed with weighted averaging partial least squares regression (WA-PLS) and applied to a fossil pollen record from Lake Bayan Nuur (49.98° N, 93.95° E, 932 m a.s.l.). Statistical approaches were used to investigate the modern pollen–climate relationships and assess model performance and reconstruction output. Results Redundancy analysis shows that the modern pollen spectra are characteristic of their respective vegetation types and local climate. Spatial autocorrelation and significance tests of environmental variables show that the WA-PLS model for Pann is the most valid function for our dataset, and possesses the lowest root mean squared error of prediction. Main conclusions Precipitation is the most important predictor of pollen and vegetation distributions in our study area. Our quantitative climate reconstruction indicates a dry Younger Dryas, a relatively dry early Holocene, a wet mid-Holocene and a dry late Holocene.
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    Complex network of channels beneath an Antarctic ice shelf (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, 41(4), pp. 1209-1215, ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: Ice shelves play an important role in stabilizing the interior grounded ice of the large ice sheets. The thinning of major ice shelves observed in recent years, possibly in connection to warmer ocean waters coming into contact with the ice-shelf base, has focused attention on the ice-ocean interface. Here we reveal a complex network of sub ice-shelf channels under the Fimbul Ice Shelf, Antarctica, mapped using ground-penetrating radar over a 100 km2 grid. The channels are 300–500 m wide and 50 m high, among the narrowest of any reported. Observing narrow channels beneath an ice shelf that is mainly surrounded by cold ocean waters, with temperatures close to the surface freezing point, shows that channelized basal melting is not restricted to rapidly melting ice shelves, indicating that spatial melt patterns around Antarctica are likely to vary on scales that are not yet incorporated in ice-ocean models.
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    SCAR King George Island GIS (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-06
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 53
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    Variability of Arctic sea-ice topography and its impact on the atmospheric surface drag (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Wiley, 119(10), pp. 6743-6762, ISSN: 2169-9291
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-27
    Description: Over the polar oceans, near-surface atmospheric transport of momentum is strongly influenced by sea-ice surface topography. The latter is analyzed on the basis of laser altimeter data obtained during airborne campaigns between 1995 and 2011 over more than 10,000 km of flight distance in different regions of the Arctic Ocean. Spectra of height and spacing between topographic features averaged over 10 km flight sections show that typical values are 0.45 m for the mean height and about 20 m for the mean spacing. Nevertheless, the variability is high and the spatial variability is stronger than the temporal one. The total topography spectrum is divided into a range with small obstacles (between 0.2 m and 0.8 m height) and large obstacles (≥0.8 m). Results show that large pressure ridges represent the dominant topographic feature only along the coast of Greenland. In the Central Arctic, the concentration of large ridges decreased over the years, accompanied by an increase of small obstacles concentration and this might be related to decreasing multiyear ice. The application of a topography-dependent parameterization of neutral atmospheric drag coefficients reflects the large variability in the sea-ice topography and reveals characteristic differences between the regions. Based on the analysis of the two spectral ranges, we find that the consideration of only large pressure ridges is not enough to characterize the roughness degree of an ice field, and the values of drag coefficients are in most regions strongly influenced by small obstacles.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    EPD contribution (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-12
    Description: Paper in Open Access related to EDP data sets
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 55
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    Late summer net community production in the central Arctic Ocean using multiple approaches (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Wiley, 28(10), pp. 1129-1148, ISSN: 0886-6236
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-17
    Description: Large-scale patterns of net community production (NCP) were estimated during the late summer cruise ARK-XXVI/3 (TransArc, August/September 2011) to the central Arctic Ocean. Several approaches were used based on the following: (i) continuous measurements of surface water oxygen to argon ratios (O2/Ar), (ii) underway measurements of surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), (iii) discrete samples of dissolved inorganic carbon, and (iv) dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate. The NCP estimates agreed well within the uncertainties associated with each approach. The highest late summer NCP (up to 6 mol C m-2) was observed in the marginal sea ice zone region. Low values (〈1 mol C m-2) were found in the sea ice-covered deep basins with a strong spatial variability. Lowest values were found in the Amundsen Basin and moderate values in the Nansen and Makarov Basins with slightly higher estimates over the Mendeleev Ridge. Our findings support a coupling of NCP to sea ice coverage and nutrient supply and thus stress a potential change in spatial and temporal distribution of NCP in a future Arctic Ocean. To follow the evolution of NCP in space and time, it is suggested to apply one or several of these approaches in shipboard investigations with a time interval of 3 to 5 years.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Expedition programs Antarctica (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-13
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 57
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    Autonomous observations of solar energy partitioning in first-year sea ice in the Arctic Basin (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Wiley, 119(3), pp. 2066-2080, ISSN: 2169-9291
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-14
    Description: A Spectral Radiation Buoy (SRB) was developed to autonomously measure the spectral incident, reflected, and transmitted spectral solar radiation (350-800 nm) above and below sea ice. The SRB was deployed on drifting first-year sea ice near the North Pole in mid-April 2012, together with velocity and ice mass balance buoys. The buoys drifted southward and reached Fram Strait after approximately 7 months, covering a complete melt season. At the SRB site, snowmelt started on 10 June, and had completely disappeared by 14 July. Surface albedo was above 0.85 until snowmelt onset and decreased rapidly with the progression of snowmelt. Albedo was lowest on 14 July, when the observed surface was likely a mixture of bare ice and melt pond(s). The transmitted irradiance measured under the ice was largest in July, with a monthly average of 20 W m(-2), compared to 〈0.3 W m(-2) premelt. Under-ice irradiance peaked on 19-20 July, with a daily average around 35 W m(-2). From mid-April to mid-September, the solar energy transmitted through the ice into the ocean contributed about two-thirds of the energy required for the observed bottom melt (0.49 m). The energy absorbed by the ice after snowmelt was enough to melt an additional 0.1 m of ice. Solar energy incident on open water and melt ponds provided significant additional heating, indicating solar heating could explain all of the observed bottom melt in this region in summer 2012.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 58
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    Escape performance of temperate king scallop, Pecten maximus under ocean warming and acidification (2014)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Marine Biology, Springer, 161(12), pp. 2819-2829, ISSN: 0025-3162
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-16
    Description: Among bivalves, scallops are exceptional due to their capacity to escape from predators by swimming which is provided by rapid and strong claps that are produced by the phasic muscle interspersed with tonic muscle contractions. Based on the concept of oxygen and capacity-limited thermal tolerance, the following hypothesis was tested: ocean warming and acidification (OWA) would induce disturbances in aerobic metabolic scope and extracellular acid-case status and impair swimming performance in temperate scallops. Following longterm incubation under near-future OWA scenarios [20 vs. 10 °C (control) and 0.112 kPa CO2 (hypercapnia) vs. 0.040 kPa CO2 (normocapnic control)], the clapping performance and metabolic rates (MR) were measured in resting (RMR) and fatigued (maximum MR) king scallops, Pecten maximus, from Roscoff, France. Exposure to OA, either alone or combined with warming, left MR and swimming parameters such as the total number of claps and clapping forces virtually unchanged. Only the duration of the escape response was affected by OA which caused earlier exhaustion in hyper- than in normocapnic scallops at 10 °C. While maximum MR was unaffected, warm exposure increased RMR in both normocapnic and hypercapnic P. maximus resulting in similar Q10 values of ~2.2. The increased costs of maintenance and the observation of strongly reduced haemolymph PO2 levels indicate that at 20 °C scallops have reached the upper thermal pejus range with unbalanced capacities for aerobic energy metabolism. As a consequence, warming to 20 °C decreased mean phasic force during escape performance until fatigue. The observed prolonged recovery time in warm incubated scallops might be a consequence of elevated metabolic costs at reduced oxygen availability in the warmth.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 59
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    A crustal model for northern Melville Bay, Baffin Bay (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, Wiley, 119(119), pp. 8610-8632, ISSN: 0148-0227
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-16
    Description: The interpretation of seismic refraction and gravity data acquired in 2010 gives new insights into the crustal structure of the West Greenland coast and the adjacent deep central Baffin Bay basin. Underneath Melville Bay, the depth of the Moho varies between 26 to 17 km. Stretched continental crust with a thickness of 25 to 14 km and deep sedimentary basins are present in this area. The deep Melville Bay Graben contains an up to ~11km thick infill of consolidated and unconsolidated sediments with velocities of 1.6 to 4.9 km/s. Seawards, at the ~60 km wide transition between oceanic and stretched continental crust, a mount-shaped magmatic structure is observed, which most likely formed prior to the initial formation of oceanic crust. The up to 4 km high magmatic structure is underlain by a ~2 km thick and ~50 km wide high velocity lower crust. More to the west, in the oceanic part of the Baffin Bay basin, we identify a 2-layered, 3.5 to 6 km thin igneous oceanic crust with increasing thickness toward the shelf. Beneath the oceanic crust, the depth of the Moho ranges between 11.5 and 13.5 km. In the western part of the profile, oceanic layer 3 is unusually thin (~1.5 km) A possible explanation for the thin crust is accretion due to slow spreading, although the basement is notably smooth compared to the basement of other regions formed by ultra-slow spreading. The oceanic crust is underlain by partly serpentinized upper mantle with velocities of 7.6 to 7.8 km/s.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 60
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    Sedimentology raw data plots of grain size and x-ray diffraction from a profile off Kapp Norvegia, Weddell Sea, Antarctica (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-28
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 61
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    Ocean-Bottom Seismometer (2014)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, pp. 1-16, ISBN: 978-3-642-36197-5
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 62
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    Seasonally different carbon flux changes in the Southern Ocean in response to the southern annular mode (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Wiley, 27(4), pp. 1236-1245, ISSN: 0886-6236
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-27
    Description: Stratospheric ozone depletion and emission of greenhouse gases lead to a trend of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) towards its high-index polarity. The positive phase of the SAM is characterised by stronger than usual westerly winds that induce changes in the physical carbon transport. Changes in the natural carbon budget of the upper 100 m of the Southern Ocean in response to a positive SAM phase are explored with a coupled ecosystem-general circulation model and regression analysis. Previously overlooked processes that are important for the upper ocean carbon budget during a positive SAM period are identified, namely export production and downward transport of carbon north of the Polar Front (PF) as large as the upwelling in the south. The limiting micronutrient iron is brought into the surface layer by upwelling and stimulates phytoplankton growth and export production, but only in summer. This leads to a drawdown of carbon and less summertime outgassing (or more uptake) of natural CO2. In winter, biological mechanisms are inactive and the surface ocean equilibrates with the atmosphere by releasing CO2. In the annual mean, the upper ocean region south of the PF loses more carbon by additional export production than by the release of CO2 into the atmosphere, highlighting the role of the biological carbon pump in response to a positive SAM event.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    A Law for Small Scale, Continuous Calving (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Wiley, 14(1), pp. 431-432, ISSN: 16177061
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-13
    Description: Ice shelves are formed by the viscous flow of inland ice into the ocean, they are floating and loosing mass by iceberg calving. There are two different kinds of calving: large tabular icebergs detach as singular events in time, and small scale calving occuring on a rather continuous time scale. Three visco-elastic approaches are discussed, in order to derive a general law for calving rates applicable to small scale calving. The results are highly dependent on the termination criterium for each approach, hence the computed calving rate has to be adapted and validated with measurements to get the most qualified value.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Finite Element Simulation of Frost Wedging in Ice Shelves (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Wiley, 14(1), pp. 141-142, ISSN: 16177061
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-13
    Description: Break-up events in ice shelves have been studied extensively during the last years. One popular assumption links disintegration events to surface melting of the ice shelf in conjunction with growing melt-water ponds, leading to hydro-fracture. As this explanation only holds during warm seasons [1], the possibility of frost wedging as forcing mechanism for autumn and winter break-up events is considered. Frost wedging can only occur if a closed ice lid seals the water inside the crack. Hence, the present study of frost wedging in a single crack uses ice lid thicknesses to evaluate the additional pressure on the crack faces. The investigation of the resulting stress intensity factor as a measure of crack criticality follows consequently. The results show that freezing water inside a crack can result in unstable crack growth of an initially stable water filled crack.
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    Analysis of Lava Flow Effusion Rate Using High Spatial Resolution Infrared Data (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Remote sensing thermal data of active lava flows allow for the evaluation of instantaneous effusion rates. This is made possible by simple formulae relating the lava effusion rate to the power energy radiated per unit time from the surface to the flow. Such formulae are based on a specific flow model and, consequently, their validity is subject to the model assumptions. The most questionable assumption is probably the constancy of the surface temperature. Herein, we use high spatial resolution infrared data to demonstrate the existence of an underlying relationship between the surface temperature and the lava flow thickness, using the 2001 Mt. Etna flow as a case study. According to this relationship, observed changes in surface temperature does not represent a weakness of the model but is the expected consequence of actual variations in the topographic down flow profile.
    Description: Published
    Description: 391-408
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Remote sensing, effusion rate, heat flux, Etna, MIVIS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Long-time variation of soil CO2 fluxes at the summit crater of Vulcano (Italy) (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Here, we report the first continuous data of geochemical parameters acquired directly from the active summit crater of Vulcano. This approach provides a means to better investigate deep geochemical processes associated with the degassing system of Vulcano Island. In particular, we report on soil CO2 fluxes from the upper part of Vulcano, a closed-conduit volcano, from September 2007 to October 2010. Large variations in the soil CO2 and plume SO2 fluxes (order of magnitude), coinciding with other discontinuous geochemical parameters (CO2 concentrations in fumarole gas) and physical parameters (increase of shallow seismic activity and fumarole temperatures) have been recorded. The results from this work suggest new prospects for strengthening geochemical monitoring of volcanic activity and for improving the constraints in the construction of a “geochemical model”, this being a necessary condition to better understand the functioning of volcanic systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1859-1863
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: 1R. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Vulcano Island ; Geochemical monitoring ; CO2 flux ; CO2 fumaroles ; SO2 flux ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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    Effects of Flow Volume and Grain Size on Mobility of Granular Flows of Angular Rock Fragments (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Laboratory experiments have shown that the finer the grain size of granular flows of angular rock fragments (all the other features the same), the more mobile their centre of mass. This is due to the fact that the finer the grain size, the larger the number of particles in the flow so that their agitation due to the interaction with the subsurface asperities has a smaller penetration within the flow. The smaller the agitation of the particles per unit of flow mass, the smaller the energy dissipated per unit of travel distance. Also, the larger the flow volume, the smaller the mobility of its centre of mass. This is due to the fact that a deposit accretes backward during its deposition on a slope change. However, the frontal end of a larger-volume deposit is more distal than that of a smaller-volume deposit because the larger the volume, the larger its longitudinal spreading.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1621-1624
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Pyroclastic Flows ; Mobility ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 68
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    Benthic and substrate cover data derived from photo-transect surveys in a Sub Set of Roviana Reef, Solomon Islands May 5-9, 2013 (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 69
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    Supplementary data (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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    Material and methods of mesocosm BIOACID experiment (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 71
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    Species scores 2axes PCA (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 72
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    Documentation of datasets (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-03
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 73
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    Potential sea ice predictability and the role of stochastic sea ice strength perturbations (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, 41(23), pp. 8396-8403, ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: Ensemble experiments with a climate model are carried out in order to explore how incorporating a stochastic ice strength parameterization to account for model uncertainty affects estimates of potential sea ice predictability on time scales from days to seasons. The impact of this new parameterization depends strongly on the spatial scale, lead time and the hemisphere being considered: Whereas the representation of model uncertainty increases the ensemble spread of Arctic sea ice thickness predictions generated by atmospheric initial perturbations up to about 4 weeks into the forecast, rather small changes are found for longer lead times as well as integrated quantities such as total sea ice area. The regions where initial condition uncertainty generates spread in sea ice thickness on subseasonal time scales (primarily along the ice edge) differ from that of the stochastic sea ice strength parameterization (along the coast lines and in the interior of the Arctic). For the Antarctic the influence of the stochastic sea ice strength parameterization is much weaker due to the predominance of thinner first year ice. These results suggest that sea ice data assimilation and prediction on subseasonal time scales could benefit from taking model uncertainty into account, especially in the Arctic.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 74
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    Climate variability features of the last interglacial in the East Antarctic EPICA Dome C ice core (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, 41, pp. 4004-4012, ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-30
    Description: Whereas millennial to submillennial climate variability has been identified during the current interglacial period, past interglacial variability features remain poorly explored because of lacking data at sufficient temporal resolutions. Here we present new deuterium data from the EPICA Dome C ice core, documenting at decadal resolution temperature changes occurring over the East Antarctic plateau during the warmer-than-today last interglacial. Expanding previous evidence of instabilities during the last interglacial, multicentennial subevents are identified and labeled for the first time in a past interglacial context. A variance analysis further reveals two major climatic features. First, an increase in variability is detected prior to the glacial inception, as already observed at the end of Marine Isotopic Stage 11 in the same core. Second, the overall variance level is systematically higher during the last interglacial than during the current one, suggesting that a warmer East Antarctic climate may also be more variable.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Organic iodine in Antarctic sea ice: A comparison between winter in the Weddell Sea and summer in the Amundsen Sea (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences, Wiley, 119(12), pp. 2276-2291, ISSN: 0148-0227
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-22
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Analytical plots of sediment cores from Profile CAMP NORWAY, Weddell Sea, Antarctica (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-03
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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    Web-based Biodiversity Citizen Science Database (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-11
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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    Arctic sea ice and atmospheric circulation under the GeoMIP G1 scenario (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Wiley, 119(2), pp. 567-583, ISSN: 2169-897X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-14
    Description: We analyze simulated sea ice changes in eight different Earth System Models that have conducted experiment G1 of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). The simulated response of balancing abrupt quadrupling of CO2 (abrupt4xCO2) with reduced shortwave radiation successfully moderates annually averaged Arctic temperature rise to about 1°C, with modest changes in seasonal sea ice cycle compared with the preindustrial control simulations (piControl). Changes in summer and autumn sea ice extent are spatially correlated with temperature patterns but much less in winter and spring seasons. However, there are changes of ±20% in sea ice concentration in all seasons, and these will induce changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. In summer and autumn, the models consistently simulate less sea ice relative to preindustrial simulations in the Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberian, and Laptev Seas, and some models show increased sea ice in the Barents/Kara Seas region. Sea ice extent increases in the Greenland Sea, particularly in winter and spring and is to some extent associated with changed sea ice drift. Decreased sea ice cover in winter and spring in the Barents Sea is associated with increased cyclonic activity entering this area under G1. In comparison, the abrupt4xCO2 experiment shows almost total sea ice loss in September and strong correlation with regional temperatures in all seasons consistent with open ocean conditions. The tropospheric circulation displays a Pacific North America pattern-like anomaly with negative phase in G1-piControl and positive phase under abrupt4xCO2-piControl.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 79
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    Simulation and evaluation of 2-m temperature over Antarctica in polar regional climate model (2014)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Science China Earth Sciences, Springer, 57(4), pp. 703-709, ISSN: 1674-7313
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-14
    Description: The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis ERA40, National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 20th-century reanalysis, and three station observations along an Antarctic traverse from Zhongshan to Dome-A stations are used to assess 2-m temperature simulation skill of a regional climate model. This model (HIRHAM) is from the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in Germany. Results show: (1) The simulated multiyear averaged 2-m temperature field pattern is close to that of ERA40 and NCEP; (2) the cold bias relative to ERA40 over all of Antarctic regions is 1.8°C, and that to NCEP reaches 5.1°C; (3) bias of HIRHAM relative to ERA40 has seasonal variation, with a cold bias mainly in the summer, as much as 3.4°C. There is a small inland warm bias in autumn of 0.3°C. Further analysis reveals that the reason for the cold bias of 2-m temperature is that physical conditions of the near-surface boundary layer simulated by HIRHAM are different from observations: (1) During the summer, observations show that near-surface atmospheric stability conditions have both inversions and non-inversions, which is due to the existence of both positive and negative sensible heat fluxes, but HIRHAM almost always simulates a situation of inversion and negative sensible heat flux; (2) during autumn and winter, observed near-surface stability is almost always that of inversions, consistent with HIRHAM simulations. This partially explains the small bias during autumn and winter.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Cruise Report HE-425, 23. May - 07. June 2014 (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-06
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 81
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    Global and regional sea level change during the 20th century (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Wiley, 119(11), pp. 7493-7508, ISSN: 0148-0227
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-17
    Description: Sea level variations prior to the launch of satellite altimeters are estimated by analyzing historic tide gauge records. Recently, a number of groups have reconstructed sea level by applying EOF techniques to fill missing observations. We complement this study with alternative methods. In a first step gaps in 178 records of sea level change are filled using the pattern recognition capabilities of artificial neural networks. Afterward satellite altimetry is used to extrapolate local sea level change to global fields. Patterns of sea level change are compared to prior studies. Global mean sea level change since 1900 is found to be inline image on average. Local trends are essentially positive with the highest values found in the western tropical Pacific and in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar where it reaches about inline image. Regions with negative trends are spotty with a minimum value of about inline image south of the Aleutian Islands. Although the acceleration found for the global mean, inline image, is not significant, local values range from inline image in the central Indian Ocean to inline image in the western tropical Pacific and east of Japan. These extrema are associated with patterns of sea level change that differ significantly from the first half of the analyzed period (i.e., 1900–1950) to the second half (1950–2000). We take this as an indication of long period oceanic processes that are superimposed to the general sea level rise.
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    Abrupt Climate Change Modeling (2014)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, Springer, pp. 1-30
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-10
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    A return-on-investment framework to identify conservation priorities in Africa - Appendices (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-31
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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    The seaward limit of wave effects on coastal macrobenthos (2014)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Helgoland Marine Research, Springer, 68(1), pp. 1-16, ISSN: 1438-387X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: Exposed sandy coasts are predominantly physically controlled environments where benthic communities are structured by the independent response of species to the physical environment, with minimal biological interactions (swash exclusion hypothesis). This prevalence of physical control may be regarded as a typical property of exposed coastal areas. In an offshore direction, the importance of wave effects on the benthos will diminish until a depth is reached where they are no longer significant [wave exclusion hypothesis (WEH)]. This loss of a coastal property may be used to define an offshore depth limit of the coastal zone. We used a large set of benthos data from the SE North Sea to test whether an offshore limit of the coast can be clearly recognised despite strong small-scale variability and how this limit would vary seasonally and from year to year. In accordance with WEH, both species density and total abundance of macrobenthos were low in the surf zone, strongly increased with depth, and averaged over all sampling dates became relatively constant below 30 m depth. Seasonally, these gradients were weaker during summer recruitment than during autumn. Species richness, by contrast, showed no significant difference with depth. In single years, the depth of the turning point from increasing abundances to constant abundances varied between 20 and 31 m (equivalent to 40–80 km off the coastline) depending on wave height. We conclude that this zone can be derived from benthic community gradients.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Cephalopods in neuroscience: regulations, research and the 3Rs (2014)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Invertebrate Neuroscience, Springer, ISSN: 1354-2516
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Cephalopods have been utilised in neurosci- ence research for more than 100 years particularly because of their phenotypic plasticity, complex and centralised nervous system, tractability for studies of learning and cellular mechanisms of memory (e.g. long-term potentia- tion) and anatomical features facilitating physiological studies (e.g. squid giant axon and synapse). On 1 January 2013, research using any of the about 700 extant species of ‘‘live cephalopods’’ became regulated within the European Union by Directive 2010/63/EU on the ‘‘Protection of Animals used for Scientific Purposes’’, giving cephalopods the same EU legal protection as previously afforded only to vertebrates. The Directive has a number of implications, particularly for neuroscience research. These include: (1) projects will need justification, authorisation from local competent authorities, and be subject to review including a harm-benefit assessment and adherence to the 3Rs princi- ples (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction). (2) To support project evaluation and compliance with the new EU law, guidelines specific to cephalopods will need to be developed, covering capture, transport, handling, housing, care, maintenance, health monitoring, humane anaesthesia, analgesia and euthanasia. (3) Objective criteria need to be developed to identify signs of pain, suffering, distress and lasting harm particularly in the context of their induction by an experimental procedure. Despite diversity of views existing on some of these topics, this paper reviews the above topics and describes the approaches being taken by the cephalopod research community (represented by the authorship) to produce ‘‘guidelines’’ and the potential contribution of neuroscience research to cephalopod welfare.
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    Literature references and germination trait values for different group of plant species (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    The influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on developmental parameters and their relationships in the marine isopod Idotea linearis (Crustacea) (2014)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Hydrobiologia, Springer, 732, pp. 197-212, ISSN: 0018-8158
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-06
    Description: Developmental and reproductive parameters and their relationships were studied in the marine isopod Idotea linearis. We hypothesized that (1) the temporal patterns of molting and growth undergo complex and sex-specific changes with age as well as with the onset of sexual maturation, and that (2) sexual maturation (and dependent parameters) is controlled by the photoperiod. Both males and females were singly cultured in the laboratory at two alternative photoperiods (constant long and short days, respectively) from hatching until death. Males molted and grew throughout their life, showing a steady increase in stage duration and body size with each molt. Females, in contrast, showed much more complex modifications in molt chronology due to reproductive demands. There was some variability in the stage number, when females reached maturity. Reaching maturity early in the succession of molts was associated with smaller body size at maturity, smaller size of broods, but higher average number of broods per lifetime. Post-puberty molts in females occurred without further growth, and successive broods did not differ in size. The photoperiod strongly affected sexual maturation (and thus in turn molting and growth patterns) in females, while males remained completely unaffected by the photo regime.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Mass, Volume and Velocity of the Antarctic Ice Sheet: Present-Day Changes and Error Effects (2014)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Surveys in Geophysics, Springer, pp. 1-25, ISSN: 0169-3298
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: This study examines present-day changes of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) by means of different data sets. We make use of monthly gravity field solutions acquired by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to study mass changes of the AIS for a 10-year period. In addition to "standard" solutions of release 05, solutions based on radial base functions were used. Both solutions reveal an increased mass loss in recent years. For a 6-year period surface-height changes were inferred from laser altimetry data provided by the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat). The basin-scale volume trends were converted into mass changes and were compared with the GRACE estimates for the same period. Focussing on the Thwaites Glacier, Landsat optical imagery was utilised to determine ice-flow velocities for a period of more than two decades. This data set was extended by means of high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from the TerraSAR-X mission, revealing an accelerated ice flow of all parts of the glacier. ICESat data over the Thwaites Glacier were complemented by digital elevation models inferred from TanDEM-X data. This extended data set exhibits an increased surface lowering in recent times. Passive microwave remote sensing data prove the long-term stability of the accumulation rates in a low accumulation zone in East Antarctica over several decades. Finally, we discuss the main error sources of present-day mass-balance estimates: the glacial isostatic adjustment effect for GRACE as well as the biases between laser operational periods and the volume-mass conversion for ICESat.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 89
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    Empirical sea ice thickness retrieval during the freeze up period from SMOS high incident angle observations (2014)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3The Cryosphere, Copernicus, 8(2), pp. 439-451, ISSN: 1994-0416
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Sea ice thickness information is important for sea ice modelling and ship operations. Here a method to detect the thickness of sea ice up to 50 cm during the freeze-up season based on high incidence angle observations of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite working at 1.4 GHz is suggested. By comparison of thermodynamic ice growth data with SMOS brightness temperatures, a high correlation to intensity and an anticorrelation to the difference between vertically and horizontally polarised brightness temperatures at incidence angles between 40 and 50° are found and used to develop an empirical retrieval algorithm sensitive to thin sea ice up to 50 cm thickness. The algorithm shows high correlation with ice thickness data from airborne measurements and reasonable ice thickness patterns for the Arctic freeze-up period.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 90
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    Habitat map of Roviana Reef, Solomons derived from a high-spatial-resolution multi-spectral satellite image using object based image analysis (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 91
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    Slowdown of Circumpolar Deepwater flow during the Late Neogene: Evidence from a mudwave field at the Argentine continental slope (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, 41, pp. 2070-2076, ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-16
    Description: Geochemical evidence from boreholes suggests enhanced transport of Northern Component Water (NCW) to southern latitudes from about 6 Ma onwards. However, information on how this change in transport influenced the intensity and position of current systems is sparse. Here we use seismic reflection profiles interpreted together with bathymetric data to investigate current derived deposits at the central Argentine Margin. Upslope migrating mudwaves overlying a late Miocene erosional unconformity provide evidence that Circumpolar Deepwater (CDW) flow slowed down with the onset of NCW inflow. During the last ~3 Ma changes in dimensions and migration rates of the waves are small indicating continuous bottom current flow conditions similar to today with only minor variations in flow speed, suggesting that the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) in the western south Atlantic as observed today, has been a pervasive feature of the global thermohaline circulation system during the Plio-/Pleistocene.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 92
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    Simultaneous high-resolution pH and spectrophotometric recordings of oxygen binding in blood microvolumes, Supplementary material, doi:10.1242/jeb.092726 (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 93
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    Pelagic Invertebrate Fauna of the Laptev Sea Shelf Waters, supplementary material (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 94
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    The oceanic response to mesoscale atmospheric forcing (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, 41(4), pp. 1255-1260, ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The response of the oceanic circulation to mesoscale atmospheric forcing is studied by comparing integrations of a global sea ice-ocean model with high-resolution European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analysis data (0.4◦) to those with the same forcing coarse grained to a resolution typically employed in climate models and atmospheric reanalyses (1.8◦). It is shown that the representation of mesoscale features in atmospheric forcing fields leads to an increase in the strength of the wind-driven gyres in the North Atlantic and North Pacific regions of about 5–10% of its mean value. An increase of similar magnitude is found for the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. From the results of this study it is argued that small-scale atmospheric phenomena such as fronts, mesoscale cyclones, and topographic jets play an important role in driving the mean oceanic circulation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 95
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    Euphausiid respiration model revamped: latitudinal and seasonal shaping effects on krill respiration rates (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-13
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 96
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    Investigation of high resolved snow height measurements at Neumayer Station, Antarctica, 2013 (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-02
    Description: Antarctica is a continent with a strong character. High wind speeds, very low temperatures and heavy snow storms. All these parameters are well known due to observations and measurements, but precipitation measurements are still rare because the number of manned stations is very limited in Antarctica. In such a polar snow region many wind driven phenomena associated with snow fall exist like snow drift, blowing snow or sastrugi. Snow drift is defined as a layer of snow formed by the wind during a snowstorm. The horizontal visibility is below eye level. Blowing snow is specified as an ensemble of snow particles raised by the wind to moderate or great heights above the ground; the horizontal visibility at eye level is generally very poor (National Snow And Ice Data Center (NSIDC), 2013). Sastrugi are complex, fragile and sharp ridges or grooves formed on land or over sea ice. They arise from wind erosion, saltation of snow particles and deposition. To get more details about these procedures better instruments than the conventional stake array are required. This small report introduces a new measuring technique and therefore offers a never used dataset of snow heights. It is very common to measure the snow height with a stake array in Antarctica (f.e. Neumayer Station, Kohnen Station) but not with a laser beam. Thus the idea was born to install a new instrument in December 2012 at Neumayer Station.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 97
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    National soil test database, statistics (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 98
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    Seismic lines, Gulf of Cadiz, IODP Expedition 339 (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-19
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 99
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    Ocean physical field of the reference state and the targets, files in NetCDF format (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-14
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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    Das Quartär des Lemgow (TK 3033 Woltersdorf und TK 3034 Prezelle L.K. Lüchow-Dannenberg) (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-09
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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