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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,511)
  • 42.75
  • Limnology
  • 2015-2019  (61)
  • 1980-1984  (3,507)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Aquaculture activity is restricted mainly to rainbow trout in cold waters and carps in warm waters in inland waters of Iran as well as Fars Province. Probably for this reason saline waters of south and southeast Fars have not been used for aquaculture. These rivers are ecosystems with a diverse biota, it is predictable that can be found some there endemic aquatic organisms with a potential for aquaculture. Finding a suitable organism can help increase wise use of this natural resource, and local production and recruitment. However, it is highly needed to investigate various environmental elements prior to any use to obtain an estimation of the environmental consequences, parallel to finding usage potentials. In This study, we investigated Dehram saline river in south of Fars Province. Hydrological and physiographical properties, chemical composition of the river, and aquatic populations were sampled and measured monthly in 3 stations in one year. Salinity, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids increased from station 1 to 3, reaching from 6.6 g/L, 14.3 g/L, and 12800 µs/cm to 13.5 g/L, 17.7 g/L, and 16500 µs/cm, respectively. Dissolved oxygen and oxygen saturation were higher in station 3, and in autumn and winter. Nitrite showed lowest values in winter (0.006 mg/L) and highest values in spring (0.013 mg/L). Nitrate showed the lowest concentration in station 3 (0.43 mg/L), but no differences were seen among seasons. Ammonium showed no differences among stations or seasons. Phosphate levels in station 1 and 3 were 0.13 mg/L‌to 0.17 mg/L, with the highest level (0.29 mg/L) seen in the spring. Five species of fishes were identified in the river, which all were widely favored by local people. Some of these have been categorized as edible in previous studies, others as ornamental. On the other hand, intensive growth of an algal species throughout the river demonstrates a potential for algal cultivation. Significant role of algae in production of food for both man and livestock is now well recognized in aquaculture industry.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecology ; Dehram River ; Limnology ; Saline water ; Physico-chemical parameters ; Aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 62pp.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Limnological factors of brackish water pounds of the rainbow trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss were studied at Bafgh region in Yazd province. Physicochemical factors, phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic populations of pools, supply and drainage channels from different farms were studied in aquaculture cycle in 2002 and 2003. Means were compared using Tukey HSD and t tests. Meanings of factors in 2002 and 2003 were respectively: and 9.3 0.2ppt; dissolved oxygen 7.9 0.2mg/l water temperature 13.8 0.3°c and 14.9 0.6°c; salinity 12.3 0.2ppt and 7.2 0.1mg/l; pH between 7.8 to 9.2 and 8.1 to 9.5; depth of hyalinity 0.85 0.1m and 1.1 0.1m; ammonium 0.1-0.5mg/l; and nitrate 1.8-21mg/l. Main phytoplankton were diatoms specially Chaetoceros, and Cyanophyta. Rotifera were the dominant zooplankton. Benthic fauna mainly included immature Chironomids. Final mean lengths were between 24.7cm to 31.5cm, mean weights between 11179.9gr to 434.6gr. FCR between 1.16 to 1.6; DGR between 1.04gr/day to 3.03gr/day; production 0.03kg/m2 to 0.84 kg/m2. Supply channels had the optimum limnological condition for trout aquaculture. Limnological factors were often not significantly different between pools and drainage channels. Saeeid and Rangin-Kaman farms were the most successful farms.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Limnology ; Brackish water ; Onchorhynchus mykiss ; Rainbow trout ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Chaetoceros ; Survey ; Pond culture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 175pp.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Gahar-roud is in 18 kilometer far from Doroud city from East of lorestan province . This river orginated from internal part of Oshteran-kouh mountain altitude and Gahar-Lake . Survey on Gahar roud Limnology began from the end of 2001 year and during the 18 month achived, at first on the length of 20 kilometer five station of sampling was selected and biological, physical and chemical character of this river was surveyed this river in all path of it feeding with large and small spring, little rivers and water of icehouse. The amount water of this river is different and maximum water is about 21 m/s in April month. Specifity of this river is be enough the temperature of water for fish. Minimum in the Jan is about 3 centigrad deegree and maximum is July and Aug about 24 centigrade deegree phis between 6.5-8.2 and is few basic . solauble oxigen is enough and is between 8.5-13 mg/lit.during the year.This river is very bright and haven t the source of polution and during the path of river and be enaugh the dosage of mineral in water are the important physical and chemical character of this river. Gahar-roud is not biological hardness quality. About 31 genus and species from 5 family of phytoplangton and 42 genus from 26 family from the order of insects, molusca, worms and crustacea and 9 species from 12 family from the side aquatic. Plants was collected and recognized. Based on ecological potential of this region, because Gahar- roud river is poor for food material and classified in oligotroph river and hasn t high biological value. And also have a few population and in fact haven t any population and based on the safer system belong to the quatiy elass of oligotroph and amount of water, regular circulation of water with microclima condition rate of natural resource land around river, having program for culture of cold water fish is important but it is better that use from culture of fish, be regulated key word limnology, Gahar-roud, river plangton, bentoz, fish.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Limnology ; Fish ; Bentos ; Plankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 84pp.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Dorudzan reservoir is the main provider of drinking water for the capital Shiraz, as well as the most significant storage of water in the Kor river course. In addition of eroded material, a load of agricultural outputs from upstream are moved to the lake every year. Main physiographic, physical and chemical, and biological components of the lake were monthly sampled and analysed from Novembr 2010 to October 2011. Mean annual measures were water temperature 16.7 ˚C (SD=5.8), pH 8.2 (SD=0.3), dissolved oxygen 7.6 mg/l (SD=1.7), ammonium 0.05 mg/l (SD=0.08), nitrite 0.004 mg/l (SD=0.003), nitrate 0.44 mg/l (SD=0.44), phosphate 0.20 mg/l (SD=0.23), silicate 7.00 mg/l (SD=2.49), BOD 2.29 mg/l (SD=1.00), COD 24.49 mg/l (SD=15.47), electrical conductivity 720 µs/cm (SD=219), total dissolved solids 457.67 mg/l (SD=138.72), calcium hardness 61.30 mg/l (SD=13.45), and magnesium hardness 20.23 mg/l (SD=9.18). Living parts of the ecosystem including species of fish, orders and families of benthic invertebrates, zooplanktons, and phytoplanktons were investigated. Benthic macroinvertebrates included various nematodes, oligochates, gastropods, bivalves, and insect larvae (dipteral and coleptera), most abundant of which were dipteran larvae, mollusks, and nematodes. Dominant zooplankton was Bosmina, with Daphnia and Cyclops in next ranks. Among rotifer, Trichocera was more abundant than Lecanae. Bosmina showed the most abundance in summer and Daphnia in spring. Trichocera had its most abundance in summer as well, while Lecanae was more abundant in Automn and winter. A total of 41 algal genera from 8 divisions were found. Dominant phytoplankton division was Chlorophyta, with genus Pediastrum. Dominant microalga was Dynobrion (Chrysophyta) in Spring, Cylindrospermum and (both Cyanophyta) in Summer, Microsystis in Automn, and Ceratium (Dynophyta) in Winter. Ceratium were found in all seasons in most of the sampling sites, and showed highest abundance compared to other genera of its division. Dominant genus of diatoms was Fragilaria. Fish populations include Alburnus mossulensis, Capoeta aculeate, Capoeta damascina, Carasobarbus luteus, Carassius gibelio, Cyprinus carpio, and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Main different parts of the lake showed quite different composition of fish species. An epidemic occurance of the crustacean ectoparasite Lernea cyprinacea among most fishes was another important finding. These findings will serve as a base for future studies as a set point of drought situations.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Limnology ; Reservoir ; Plankton ; Fish ; Alburnus mossulensis ; Capoeta aculeate ; Capoeta damascina ; Carasobarbus luteus ; Carassius gibelio ; Cyprinus carpio ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 72pp.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Abbarik River is an important river in Kerman. Study of limnology of Abbarik River for aquatics & culture was started from Mehr 1381 to Day 1382. Base of this study was physical- chemical and Biological factors. In this research 3 stations was appointed. PH- oxygen- salinity- Ca- Mg- Na- K- Cl and was majored and bentetic- fish was recognized. This study was achievement in 4 season and twice in month. Bentosis recognize was Ephemeroptera- Diptera- Anisoptera- Cleoptera Trichoptera Fishes recognize was Capoeta damascina- Nemachilus sargadensis- Cyprinion watsoni.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Physical ; Chemical ; Biological ; Limnology ; Bentosis fish ; Aquatic ; Culture ; PH ; Salinity ; Oxygen ; Ephemeroptera ; Diptera ; Anisoptera ; Cleoptera Trichoptera ; Capoeta damascina ; Nemachilus sargadensis ; Cyprinion watsoni
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 44pp.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The shiroud river is one of the important riveres in point of view of fisheries matter which located in western part of Mazndran provience. The project of Limnological study have done in this river during June/ 2002 - Jun / 2003 for more and better underestanding situations, of biological and nonbiological parameters like as phytoplankton, zooplonkton, benthoses, Ichthyology, physico - chemical and pesticides of water. - Physico- chemical paramaters by ASTM methods and spectrophotometer and pestisides by US-EPA- method and GC- ECD determined. The procedures of detemination of zooplanklon and phytoplankton by manuals of Newell, 1970 and Sorina, 1974 idantify and determined respectinely. In Ichthyology, by manual procedure Berg, 1949 identifind. The sampeling have been in four stations during four seasons and result as follow: - The maximum and minimum amount of pH were in station 5 (spring) and Station no. 4 (summer) 8.19 and 7.75 respectively. - The maximum and minimum temperature of water were in station no. 8 (summer) and stations no. 2 (winter) 27.7 c and 7.7c respectively. The fluctuatcions of nutroients datas of this study and other studies done during last 5 years showed, there were not big diffrence between them but also these datas were very close to each other. - The maximum residues of pesticides for heptachlor Epoxide (Winter ) and Lindane (spring) betweenresidues of sixteen pesticdes were 79.4 and 3.7 ppb respectively. - The maximum and minimum amount of phytoplankton biomass belong to chrysophyta during four seasons were 2572 through 1081 mg/m3. - The percentage of zooplankton belong to Rotatoria , Protozoa , Copepoda , Cladocera and Zoobenthos were in 41 , 31 , 12 , 4 and 12 percent recpectively. - The maximum aboundant percentage of bentheic animals belong to Diptera with 42 percent and were dominate whole sampeling stations . - The abundence of fishes in this river belong to two species of C. capoeta gracilis and Al. bipunctatus were catched in four seasons at eight stations . The percentages of C. capoeta gracilis species were catched in four seasons at eight stations during winter, summer , spring and fall with 96 ,81 , 73 and 67 percent respectively. The percentages of Al. bipunctatus species were catched in four seasons at eight stations during winter, summer , spring and fall with 47 , 44 , 43 and 40 percent respectively.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Pesticdes residues ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Riverine fishes ; Nutrients ; Limnology ; ASTM ; Rotatoria ; Protozoa ; Copepoda ; Cladocera ; Zoobenthos
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 127pp.
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  • 7
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This is a report describing activities associated with the Matamek program in 1977. Research was conducted on biological, chemical and physical factors related to salmonid production in Matamek River and Matamek Lake. Canadian universities, the Quebec government and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution cooperated in the program.
    Description: Supported by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the Department of Tourism, Fish and Game of the Province of Quebec.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-02-10
    Description: Author: Jake Yeston
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-01-27
    Description: Author: Jake Yeston
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-01-27
    Description: Polynitrogens have the potential for ultrahigh-performing explosives or propellants because singly or doubly bonded polynitrogens can decompose to triply bonded dinitrogen (N2) with an extraordinarily large energy release. The large energy content and relatively low activation energy toward decomposition makes the synthesis of a stable polynitrogen allotrope an extraordinary challenge. Many elements exist in different forms (allotropes)—for example, carbon can exist as graphite, diamond, buckyballs, or graphene. However, no stable neutral allotropes are known for nitrogen, and only two stable homonuclear polynitrogen ions had been isolated until now—namely, the N3− anion (1) and the N5+ cation (2). On page 374 of this issue, Zhang et al. (3) report the synthesis and characterization of the first stable salt of the cyclo-N5− anion, only the third stable homonuclear polynitrogen ion ever isolated. Author: Karl O. Christe
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: The environmental variables are important in the functioning and dynamics of freshwater ecosystems, since changes in physical and chemical conditions of these environments contribute to alterations in the ecological functioning. This research was conducted in four neotropical flood plains: Amazônica, Araguaia, Pantanal e Paraná. The samples of zooplankton were performed in the subsurface region of limnetic lakes each floodplain, in the years 2011 and 2012 (dry and wet). At the same time the environmental variables were measured and obtained water samples for later laboratory analysis. Our goal was to investigate the effect of environmental variables in the abundance of copepods, and the following hypothesis was tested: HI) the abundance of copepods has a great set with environmental variables, and extremes range of environmental variation, the lower the abundance of these organisms, unimodal effect. Local factors (physical and chemical environmental conditions) determined the abundance of copepods, as well as the environmental gradient showed a close relationship in the spatial and temporal distribution of the species, being possible to observe higher abundance at specific levels of environmental variables (toward the great). Studies that focus on tolerance limits of the species and their relationships with environmental conditions has risen in recent years, as the anthropogenic changes in climate and natural environments has caused significant changes in community structure, facilitating the invasion by non-native species and loss species diversity and the consequent change in ecosystem functioning. However, the hypothesis (HI) was partially supported, as the abundance follows a pattern of rise towards the great, but it was not possible to clearly unimodal effect on abundance for many species.
    Description: As variáveis ambientais têm papel relevante no funcionamento e dinâmica de ambientes aquáticos continentais, uma vez que, mudanças nas condições físicas e químicas desses ambientes contribuem para alterações no padrão de funcionamento ecológico. Esta investigação foi realizada em quatro planícies de inundação neotropicais: Amazônica, Araguaia, Pantanal e Paraná. As coletas de organismos zooplanctônicos foram realizadas na subsuperfície da região limnética das lagoas de cada planície de inundação, nos anos de 2011 e 2012 (seca e cheia). Ao mesmo tempo foram medidas as variáveis ambientais e obtidas amostras de água para posterior análise em laboratório. O nosso objetivo foi investigar o efeito das variáveis ambientais na abundância dos copépodes, e foi testada a seguinte hipótese: HI) a abundância de copépodes possui um ótimo estabelecido com as variáveis ambientais, e em extremos de amplitude de variação ambiental, menor será a abundância desses organismos, efeito uninodal. Os fatores locais (condições físicas e químicas do ambiente) determinaram a abundância de copépodes, bem como a variação ambiental apresentou uma estreita relação na distribuição espacial e temporal das espécies, sendo possível observar maiores valores de abundância em níveis específicos das variáveis ambientais (direção ao ótimo). Estudos que focam nos limites de tolerância das espécies e suas relações com as condições ambientais tem ressurgido nos últimos anos, pois as alterações antropogênicas no clima e nos ambientes naturais tem causado expressivas mudanças na estrutura da comunidade, facilitação à invasão por espécies não nativas e perda da diversidade de espécies e a consequente alteração no funcionamento ecossistêmico. Contudo, a hipótese (HI) foi parcialmente corroborada, pois a abundância segue um padrão de ascensão em direção ao ótimo, porém não foi possível estabelecer claramente para muitas espécies um efeito unimodal na distribuição da abundância.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Copepoda ; Ciências Ambientais ; Ecology ; Community ; Abundance ; Spatial distribution ; Niche ; Brazil ; Temporal distribution ; Abundância ; Limnologia ; Distribuição espacial ; Nicho ; Copépodes (Crustacea: Copepoda) ; Planícies de inundação ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Brasil ; Distribuição temporal ; Limnology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 37pp.
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 44 (2017): 209–218, doi:10.1002/2016GL071378.
    Description: Global lake volume estimates are scarce, highly variable, and poorly documented. We developed a rigorous method for estimating global lake depth and volume based on the Hurst coefficient of Earth's surface, which provides a mechanistic connection between lake area and volume. Volume-area scaling based on the Hurst coefficient is accurate and consistent when applied to lake data sets spanning diverse regions. We applied these relationships to a global lake area census to estimate global lake volume and depth. The volume of Earth's lakes is 199,000 km3 (95% confidence interval 196,000–202,000 km3). This volume is in the range of historical estimates (166,000–280,000 km3), but the overall mean depth of 41.8 m (95% CI 41.2–42.4 m) is significantly lower than previous estimates (62–151 m). These results highlight and constrain the relative scarcity of lake waters in the hydrosphere and have implications for the role of lakes in global biogeochemical cycles.
    Description: Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program Grant Number: 2388357; National Science Foundation Grant Number: OCE-1315201
    Keywords: Limnology ; Topograhy ; Scaling ; Volume ; Mean depth
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: Author: Jake Yeston
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-11-11
    Description: Author: Jake Yeston
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
    Keywords: Aquatic ecosystem monitoring ; Aquatic ecosystem assessment ; Aquatic ecosystem management ; Aquatic ecosystem services ; Aquatic ecosystem policy ; Restoration ; Conservation ; Biological indicators ; Streams/ Rivers/ Lakes/ Wetlands ; Aquatic ecology ; Ecohydrology ; Limnology
    Description / Table of Contents: Today, sustainability of a healthy freshwater ecosystem and its associated ecosystem services are hot issues with ever-growing attention placed upon them. We are increasingly recognizing that they are crucial for the survival of the aquatic biota and human beings on our planet. The efficient monitoring of water resources is fundamental for effective management of water quality and aquatic ecosystems. The first stage in sustainable ecosystem management is the evaluation of the current status of target ecosystems. Traditionally, and even today, physico-chemical parameters have mainly been used to evaluate the quality of water resources. However, they have a large limit to grab the wholeness of water system, particularly in the sense of ecosystem health and integrity, for which ecological monitoring should be based on biological factors. Various approaches are applicable to ecosystem health assessment at different levels of the biological hierarchy, from genes to ecosystems. This Special Issue is designed to improve scientific understanding and strategies for sound aquatic ecosystem management and services for researchers, decision makers, and stakeholders.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 422 Seiten)
    Edition: Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Water
    ISBN: 9783038422679
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.46 (2016) p.115
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: Oligochaete wormen komen vooral in zoet water voor. Maar in brak water en zelfs in de volle zee komen enkele soorten voor. Bij onderzoek naar marien benthos werden deze dieren traditioneel niet tot op soort gedetermineerd, omdat ze klein en lastig te determineren zijn. Ze zijn echter niet veel lastiger dan de nauw verwante Polychaeta, die ook hele kleine vertegenwoordigers kennen. In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van de 32 soorten die nu uit het zoute water in ons land bekend zijn, waarvan er hier zes als nieuw voor de Nederlandse fauna gepresenteerd worden. De vondst van Heterodrilus subtilis in de Noordzee is zeer bijzonder, omdat deze soort verder alleen bekend is van het typemateriaal, dat ongeveer honderd jaar geleden in de Golf van Napels werd verzameld.
    Keywords: Oligochaeta ; Nederland ; verspreiding ; herkenning ; biologie ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 17
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.46 (2016) p.87
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: Het laatste overzicht van de wantsen van de Nederlandse waddeneilanden dateert van 2012. Een opsomming wordt gegeven van 43 nieuwe eilandrecords, waaronder vijf soorten die voor het eerst op de waddeneilanden zijn waargenomen. In totaal zijn er nu 380 soorten wantsen van de Nederlandse waddeneilanden bekend.
    Keywords: Heteroptera ; Nederland ; Waddeneilanden ; verspreiding ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 18
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.46 (2016) p.57
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: Een overzicht wordt gegeven van waarnemingen van 33 soorten nieuwe of anderszins interessante soorten wantsen. Psallus aethiops (Miridae), Empicoris rubromaculatus (Reduviidae), Arocatus melanocephalus, Lygaeus simulans, Eremocoris fenestratus (Lygaeidae) en Nezara viridula (Pentatomidae) zijn nieuw voor de Nederlandse lijst, die daarmee nu 640 soorten telt. Naast nieuwe waarnemingen van zeldzame soorten wordt de recente uitbreiding van Cymatia rogenhoferi (Corixidae), Cardiastethus fasciiventris (Anthocoridae), Arocatus longiceps en Rhyparochromus vulgaris (Lygaeidae), Leptoglossus occidentalis (Coreidae), en Peribalus strictus en Rhaphigaster nebulosa (Pentatomidae) in kaart gebracht.
    Keywords: Heteroptera ; Nederland ; verspreiding ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 19
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.46 (2016) p.101
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: In Nederland komen tien soorten ruighaarkevers (genera Dryops en Pomatinus) voor. Ze leven langs oevers van stilstaande en stromende wateren. Het was een verrassing toen in 2014 een vrouwtje van de zeer zeldzame Dryops striatellus gevonden werd bij Bakkeveen (provincie Friesland). De soort was sinds 1960 niet meer in Nederland gevonden. In 2016 werd D. striatellus op een tweede locatie nabij Bakkeveen gevonden. In dit artikel geven wij informatie over de soort en presenteren bijzonderheden over de Friese populatie en haar habitat.
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Dryopidae ; Dryops striatellus ; Nederland ; verspreiding ; herkenning ; biologie ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 20
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.46 (2016) p.11
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: Op 14 oktober 2015 werd een halmvlieg met fraaie zwarte vlekken op de vleugels gefotografeerd in Hoogerheide (Noord-Brabant). Na vergelijking van foto’s werd geconcludeerd dat het moest gaan om Gampsocera numerata, welke determinatie later werd bevestigd. Reeds in 2009 bleek in België een mannetje van de soort gefotografeerd te zijn in een tuin in Evere. Ook in 2010 en 2015 is de soort in België gevonden. Dit zijn de eerste meldingen van G. numerata voor Nederland en België.
    Keywords: Diptera ; Chloropidae ; Gampsocera numerata ; Nederland ; België ; verspreiding ; herkenning ; biologie ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 21
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.46 (2016) p.49
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: Recently two exotic tubeworms new to the fauna of the Netherlands have been recorded in inshore waters in the delta area: Desdemona ornata and Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata. Within the Polychaeta these worms belong to the group of the Sedentaria. These construct a tube, in which the body of the worm is hidden. The head and feeding appendages protrude from the opening. Most probably these tubes are a major factor in the transport of these animals around the world, as they provide excellent shelters when they are attached to the hull of a ship or commercially traded shellfish.
    Keywords: Polychaeta ; Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata ; Desdemona ornata ; Nederland ; verspreiding ; exoot ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 22
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.47 (2016) p.31
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: De boszandbij Andrena coitana leek verdwenen uit Nederland. Veertig jaar na de laatste waarneming in 1975 is weer een populatie van deze soort gevonden, bij Epe in Gelderland. De boszandbij is een kleine soort, die mogelijk nog op sommige plaatsen over het hoofd gezien is. In dit artikel wordt de kennis over deze bijzondere bij samengevat en gespeculeerd over de oorzaken van de achteruitgang in Nederland.
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; Andrena coitana ; Nederland ; verspreiding ; herkenning ; biologie ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 23
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.46 (2016) p.1
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: In 2015 werd Kelisia monoceros voor het eerst in ons land verzameld bij Kamperland in Zeeland. Deze spoorcicade leeft op de algemeen voorkomende valse voszegge. De vondst wijst op een recente areaaluitbreiding. Een andere spoorcicade, Ditropsis flavipes, werd al eerder uit ons land gemeld, maar verspreidingsgegevens worden nu voor de eerste maal gepubliceerd. Ditropsis flavipes leeft monofaag op bergdravik, een in Nederland zeldzaam gras.
    Keywords: Homoptera ; Delphacidae ; Nederland ; verspreiding ; biologie ; Kelisia monoceros ; Ditropsis flavipes ; herkenning ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 24
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.47 (2016) p.17
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: Alle spinnen hebben gif in hun kaken om hun prooien te doden. Verreweg de meeste soorten kunnen de menselijke huid niet doorboren met hun kaken en zijn dus volkomen ongevaarlijk. Kogelspinnen uit het genus Latrodectus, oftewel weduwen, vormen een uitzondering. Deze exotische spinnen worden af en toe geïmporteerd in Nederland. In 2013 is het aantal vondsten van geïmporteerde Latrodectus-spinnen op een rij gezet in een risicobeoordeling, met als resultaat een lijst van tien records met bewijsmateriaal. Hier kunnen nu vier records aan toegevoegd worden. Hieronder bevindt zich een vondst van de bruine weduwe L. geometricus, die recent voor het eerst in ons land werd vastgesteld, en een eerste geval van uitgekomen eitjes van een Latrodectus in ons land, van de roodrugspin L. hasselti.
    Keywords: Araneae ; Theridiidae ; Latrodectus ; Nederland ; exoot ; verspreiding ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 25
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.47 (2016) p.27
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: In 2015 werd tijdens een monitoringsproject van mariene bodemfauna op het Friese front de vulkaanworm Maxmuelleria lankesteri aangetroffen. Dit is de eerste vondst in Nederlandse wateren. De vulkaanworm dankt zijn naam aan de vorm van de opening van zijn leefgang, een vulkaanachtige slibheuvel. Het is opmerkelijk dat deze grote, opvallende worm (12-18 cm lang) niet eerder is aangetroffen. Mogelijk ligt dit aan de ongebruikelijke bemonsteringsmethode. Anderzijds kan de vulkaanworm daadwerkelijk zeldzaam zijn.
    Keywords: Echiura ; Maxmuelleria lankesteri ; Nederland ; verspreiding ; herkenning ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 26
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.46 (2016) p.95
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: De kleine bleekvlekwespbij Nomada baccata behoort tot een complex van taxa rond de bleekvlekwespbij Nomada alboguttata. De kleine bleekvlekwespbij is vroeger verspreid over het land aangetroffen, maar de laatste waarneming dateerde alweer van 1992. In de afgelopen jaren werd de soort op twee plekken in ons land teruggevonden, in de Schoorlse duinen in Noord-Holland in 2012 en op de Tongerense hei bij Epe in Gelderland in 2015.
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; Nomada baccata ; taxonomie ; verspreiding ; herkenning ; biologie ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 27
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.46 (2016) p.37
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: De familie der sluipvliegen is één van de soortenrijkste vliegenfamilies in ons land. De larven ontwikkelen zich inwendig in ongewervelden, veelal vlinderrupsen. De groep is in ons land relatief goed bestudeerd en de afgelopen jaren zijn diverse aanvullingen op de checklist uit 2002 gepubliceerd. In dit artikel worden wederom twee soorten voor het eerst uit ons land vermeld. Hiermee komt het totaal aantal soorten dat in Nederland is vastgesteld op 336. Daarnaast wordt de herontdekking van een soort beschreven die al meer dan een eeuw niet meer waargenomen was.
    Keywords: Diptera ; Tachinidae ; Nederland ; verspreiding ; herkenning ; biologie ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 28
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.46 (2016) p.15
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: Canacidae zijn gebonden aan de kust en zou je daarmee typisch Nederlandse vliegjes kunnen noemen. In dit artikel melden wij een nieuwe soort van deze familie: Canace nasica en presenteren we een nieuwe Nederlandse checklist voor de familie. Naar de nieuwste taxonomische inzichten wordt daarbij de familie Tethinidae als subfamilie onder de Canacidae toegevoegd. Hiermee is de Nederlandse fauna een vliegenfamilie armer.
    Keywords: Diptera ; Canacidae ; Canace nasica ; Nederland ; herkenning ; verspreiding ; biologie ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 29
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.47 (2016) p.11
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: De kassprinkhaan is een buitenbeentje onder de Nederlandse sprinkhanen en krekels. Ze komt van oorsprong waarschijnlijk voor in grotten in Oost-Azië en is door transport van eieren met plantenmateriaal over de hele wereld verspreid geraakt. Ze kan tijdelijk overleven in het kunstmatig grotmilieu van bijvoorbeeld kruipruimtes van woonhuizen, in kassen en tuincentra. Recentelijk werd een opmerkelijk grote populatie van de kassprinkhaan gevonden in het uitgebreide stelsel aan kruipruimtes onder een verpleeghuis in Friesland. De kassprinkhaan blijkt hier al ruim 40 jaar voor te komen. Het is waarschijnlijk de grootste Europese populatie van deze soort.
    Keywords: Orthoptera ; Diestrammena asynamora ; verspreiding ; exoot ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 30
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0196-2453) vol.46 (2016) p.43
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: In het kader van het project ‘Duik de Noordzee Schoon’ worden scheepswrakken onderzocht, beschreven en van afval ontdaan. Scheepswrakken vormen een bijzonder leefgebied in het mariene milieu, met een hoge biodiversiteit. Dit bleek weer tijdens onderzoek van visnetten die van ver weg gelegen wrakken waren verwijderd. Hierbij werden maar liefst vier nieuwe mosdiertjes voor de Nederlandse fauna aangetroffen.
    Keywords: Bryozoa ; Nederland ; verspreiding ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 31
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.47 (2016) p.43
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: Pauropoda of weinigpoten zijn nauw verwant aan de miljoenpoten en duizendpoten. Het is een weinig bestudeerde diergroep, die bestaat uit kleine, witte en blinde bodemdieren die nauwelijks opvallen. Het meest kenmerkende zijn de gevorkte antennen, die wat bouw betreft uniek zijn ten opzichte van andere ongewervelden. Er zijn slechts acht soorten gemeld uit Nederland, alle behorend tot het genus Allopauropus. Recentelijk is een nieuwe soort, uit het genus Pauropus, in het westen van het land aangetroffen. Het betreft dus ook een nieuw genus voor de Nederlandse fauna. In dit artikel wordt de nieuwe soort voorgesteld, beschrijven we de habitat en geven we informatie over de verspreiding.
    Keywords: Myriapoda ; Pauropoda ; Pauropus lanceolatus ; Nederland ; verspreiding ; herkenning ; biologie ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 32
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.46 (2016) p.19
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: Slakkendodende vliegen (familie Sciomyzidae) zijn al niet zo opvallend in het veld, maar de soorten uit de genera Pherbellia en Ditaeniella worden nog minder gevonden, mede doordat ze vrij klein zijn. De 14 Nederlandse soorten lijken sterk op elkaar. Dit artikel biedt een tabel om ze te kunnen herkennen en geeft informatie over ecologie en verspreiding.
    Keywords: Diptera ; Sciomyzidae ; Pherbellia ; Ditaeniella ; Nederland ; verspreiding ; herkenning ; biologie ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 33
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.47 (2016) p.1
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: Platwormen komen in Nederland vooral voor in zoet water, maar er zijn twee soorten van landbiotoop bekend. De laatste jaren duiken steeds vaker exotische landplatwormen op in Europa, vooral in kassen en tuincentra, maar sommige kunnen ook buitenshuis overleven. Uit Nederland zijn Bipalium kewense, Caenoplana bicolor en Marionfyfea adventor gemeld. Omdat ze regenwormen en slakken eten, kunnen ze een grote invloed hebben op het bodemleven, met gevolgen voor natuurlijke ecosystemen en landbouwgebieden. In het buitenland is de aandacht voor exotische landplatwormen al groeiende. Zo wordt de Nieuw-Guineese landplatworm Platydemus manokwari door de IUCN tot de 100 ergste invasieve soorten aangemerkt. In Nederland is er nog nauwelijks aandacht voor landplatwormen. Daarom wordt in dit artikel de kennis over deze groep samengevat.
    Keywords: Platyhelminthes ; Tricladida ; Nederland ; verspreiding ; biologie ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 34
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.47 (2016) p.39
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: Blaaskopvliegen zijn een van de groepen uit het atlasproject Leuke vliegen, dat in 2015 werd afgesloten. Het zijn over het algemeen opvallend gekleurde vliegen, die parasiteren bij bijen en wespen. In een overzichtsartikel uit 2014 werd de komst van Leopoldius calceatus al voorspeld en in 2015 werd soort inderdaad aangetroffen in Groeve Craubeek in de provincie Limburg en een jaar later op de Stratumse heide bij Eindhoven.
    Keywords: Diptera ; Conopidae ; Nederland ; Leopoldius calceatus ; verspreiding ; herkenning ; biologie ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 35
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.47 (2016) p.49
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: Astigmatic mites probably form the most diverse cohort of mites. At present the former order of Astigmatina is ranked within the suborder Oribatida or moss mites. However astigmatic mites occupy a much wider range of habitats than other oribatid mites: from marine coasts to stored food, plant bulbs and houses. The vast majority live as commensals or parasites on a variety of hosts, ranging from insects to birds and mammals, inhabiting the fur, feathers, skin and even lungs and stomach. This first checklist for the Netherlands contains 262 species, but many more are to be expected. Brief data on occurrence and nomenclature are provided for each species.
    Keywords: Acari ; Oribatida ; Astigmatina ; verspreiding ; taxonomie ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2016-02-09
    Description: Wing shape variation was investigated between the sexes and among four populations of the scorpionfly Dicerapanorpa magna (Chou, 1981) endemic to the Qin-Ba Mountains area, China through the landmark-based geometric morphometric approach. The results show that sexual dimorphism exists both in wing size and shape in D. magna. Significant differences exist in female wing size and shape among D. magna populations. The possible reasons of the wing variation are discussed based on the divergence time of D. magna in combination with the tectonic and climatic events in the Qin-Ba Mountains during the late Miocene-Pleistocene period. Whether reproductive isolation exists between different populations needs further research.
    Keywords: canonical variates analysis ; individual variation ; sexual dimorphism ; 42.75 ; 42.62
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This work includes a study of the ecological characteristics and of the distribution of floristic and faunistic communities in a muddy lagoon with large fluctuations of salinity.
    Description: Ce travail est une étude des conditions écologiques générales et de la répartition des peuplements végétaux et animaux dans une lagune envasée soumise à de grandes fluctuations de salinité.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Salinity ; Lakes ; Climate ; Limnology ; Water analysis ; Sediment analysis ; Freshwater ecology ; Brackish ; Freshwater
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp 115-124
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: In Nederland zijn natuurlijke en semi-natuurlijke graslanden relatief slecht onderzocht op de aanwezigheid van springstaarten. In de ons omringende landen zijn deze biotopen vaak rijk aan specifieke soorten die alleen daar voorkomen. Naar verwachting kunnen in dit milieu veel nieuwe soorten voor onze fauna gevonden worden, vooral op nutriëntarme, zandige en droge ondergrond. Recentelijk zijn twee soorten uit het genus Folsomides in graslanden in het zuiden van ons land aangetroffen. Het betreft hier een nieuw genus voor de Nederlandse fauna. In dit artikel worden het genus en de twee soorten voorgesteld, beschrijven we de habitat en geven we informatie over de verspreiding en begeleidende soorten van deze springstaarten.
    Keywords: Collembola ; Isotomidae ; Folsomides ; verspreiding ; Nederland ; herkenning ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: Psilota is een genus van kleine, zwarte zweefvliegen, waarvan de larven leven achter boomschors. In 1988 werd Psilota anthracina voor het eerst in Nederland waargenomen en lange tijd is het een zeldzame soort geweest. De laatste jaren wordt ze steeds algemener, vermoedelijk door een veranderd bosbeheer. Gaandeweg is gebleken dat er een tweede soort onder schuilging; P. atra. Toen in België een derde soort opdook was het wachten tot deze ook in Nederland aangetroffen zou worden. In 2012 was het zover. Als Nederlandse naam stellen we voor spichtige spitsbek.
    Keywords: Diptera ; Syrphidae ; Psilota ; verspreiding ; Nederland ; herkenning ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 40
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.45 (2015) p.51
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: Het voorkomen van Badonnelia titei in ons land wordt in enkele publicaties genoemd. Deze exoot blijkt niet zeldzaam in archiefdepots overal in Nederland. In deze publicaties werd echter geen aandacht besteed aan het feit dat de soort nog niet als nieuw voor Nederland was gemeld, waar bewijsexemplaren zijn ondergebracht en hoe B. titei te herkennen is. De soort is daarom dan ook nooit doorgedrongen tot de diverse faunaoverzichten van Nederlandse stofluizen. Reden genoeg om deze zaken te behandelen in dit artikel, waarbij tevens een vindplaatsenkaartje wordt gegeven en de eerste vondsten uit woonhuizen worden gemeld.
    Keywords: Psocodea ; Sphaeropsocidae ; Badonnelia titei ; verspreiding ; Nederland ; exoot ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 41
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.44 (2015) p.1
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: De omgeving van Ommen en Hardenberg is het enige gebied in Nederland waar alle vier de soorten rode bosmieren voorkomen, waaronder de in Noordwest-Europa zeer zeldzame stronkmier. Recent is aan de alarmbel getrokken omdat het niet goed gaat met deze soort. Aanleiding voor een nieuw onderzoek bij Ommen, waarbij alle bosmieren onder de loep zijn genomen.
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; Formica ; verspreiding ; Nederland ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 42
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    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1875-9866) vol.84 (2015) nr.4 p.305
    Publication Date: 2015-12-07
    Description: Firm coupling of genitalia is critical for copulation in most groups of insects. To counter female resistance that usually breaks off genital connection, male scorpionflies (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) usually provide nuptial gifts for the female and seize their mates with grasping devices. The notal organ, a modified clamp on tergum III of male scorpionflies, plays a significant role in seizing the female wings and helping maintain mating position during copulation. The mating behaviour remains unknown for the scorpionfly Furcatopanorpa longihypovalva (Hua and Cai, 2009) whose male lacks a notal organ. In this paper, we first attempt to study the mating behaviour of F. longihypovalva. The results show that the male provides liquid salivary secretion through a mouth-to-mouth mode for the female, and maintains copulation mainly by continuous provision of salivary secretion rather than by seizing the female with grasping devices. Thus the male copulates with the female in an atypical O-shaped position, with only their mouthparts and genitalia connected to each other. The salivary glands exhibit remarkable sexual dimorphism: short and bifurcated in the female, but well-developed and multi-furcated in the male. The extremely developed salivary glands of the male lay a structural foundation for the male to continuously provide liquid salivary secretion, and to help the male to mediate female resistance, being likely to serve as a compensation to his absence of the notal organ. We also investigated the functional morphology and copulatory mechanism of the male and female genitalia. The evolution of the atypical mating pattern of F. longihypovalva is putatively discussed as an adaptation in the context of sexual conflict.
    Keywords: Mecoptera ; Panorpidae ; Furcatopanorpa longihypovalva ; mating behaviour ; nuptial feeding, ; salivary glands ; genitalia ; functional morphology ; copulation ; 42.75 ; 42.62
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2015-11-10
    Description: Female genitalia are widely underrepresented in taxonomic studies. Here we investigate the morphological variation among female copulation organs for a group of scarab beetles (Sericini) with similar ecology, external morphology and copulation mechanics. We examined traits qualitatively and quantitatively based on 80 and 18 species (genus Pleophylla), respectively. Additionally we explored whether female genitalia are affected by asymmetry. The vast diversity of slerotised structures including their shapes illustrated the high taxonomic and phylogenetic utility of female genitalia in this group. The morphometric analysis of Pleophylla, confirmed that sclerotisations in the ductus bursae are very suitable for species-level taxonomic purposes. Stable interspecific variation is more hardly discernable in other parts such as the vaginal palps (shape and size) or the other membranous structures such as the shape of the bursa copulatrix. Asymmetric genitalia that arose multiple times independently among insects are found in most of the examined Sericini species. Asymmetries regarded either the bursa copulatrix, or both the bursa copulatrix and ductus bursae and comprised sclerotised and non-sclerotised structures being most common in modern Sericini. Here, highly asymmetric sclerotised structures are linked with strong asymmetry of the male copulation organs. Widespread asymmetry among megadiverse Sericini with a complex male-female genital asymmetry suggests that the shift to asymmetry is phylogenetically rather conserved. From the range of hypotheses, sexual selection seems to be the most reasonable to explain the evolution and stability of asymmetry in chafer genitalia.
    Keywords: beetles ; female genitalia ; integrative taxonomy ; Melolonthinae ; morphology ; 42.75 ; 42.64 ; 42.62
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 44
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.45 (2015) p.39
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Brentidae ; Exapion ulicis ; verspreiding ; Nederland ; herkenning ; biologie ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 45
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.44 (2015) p.11
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: Eikelwormen zijn mariene wormen die een eigen klasse vormen, de Enteropneusta. In Nederland zijn het ook de enige vertegenwoordigers van de kraagdragers (fylum Hemichordata). Het zijn bijzondere dieren, die nauwer verwant zijn aan stekelhuidigen en gewervelde dieren dan aan gelede wormen. Het lichaam is ongeleed, met een gesteelde slurf, met daarachter een kraag en een langwerpig lichaam met tientallen kieuwspleten. De wormen leven in een U-vormige buis in zachte bodems. In de loop van de tijd zijn wel eikelwormen langs de Nederlandse kust verzameld, maar deze zijn nooit op naam gebracht. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de eerste vondsten van eikelwormen in de Oosterschelde.
    Keywords: Enteropneusta ; Saccoglossus ; verspreiding ; Nederland ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.44 (2015) p.47
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: The gall midges are one of the most important groups of gall makers. Emerging larvae produce stimuli and the host plant responds by producing galls, fascinating structures which provide food and shelter for the developing larvae. Most gall inducing midges are host specific: they are only able to induce galls in a few, often related, plant species. A few species have different feeding modes: among them are saprophagous, fungivorous and predaceous species and some are used in biocontrol. We recorded 416 species in the whole area; 366 species are recorded from the Netherlands, 270 species from Belgium and 96 species from Luxembourg.
    Keywords: Diptera ; Cecidomyiidae ; Netherlands ; Belgium ; Luxembourg ; distribution ; biology ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 47
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.45 (2015) p.19
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: Het gebeurt met enige regelmaat dat er boorvliegen versleept worden met plantaardige producten. De meeste schadelijke soorten komen uit de tropen en kunnen zich niet handhaven in Nederland. Noord-Amerikaanse soorten van het genus Rhagoletis kunnen in het klimatologisch vergelijkbare Europa wel voet aan de grond krijgen. Eerder bleek dit al met de Oost-Amerikaanse kersenboorvlieg en nu staat hetzelfde te gebeuren met de walnootboorvlieg.
    Keywords: Diptera ; Tephritidae ; Rhagoletis completa ; verspreiding ; herkenning ; Nederland ; exoot ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 48
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.45 (2015) p.13
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: Door gebruik te maken van observatiekunstnestjes is het mogelijk om regelmatig een kijkje te nemen in de nesten van bijvoorbeeld graafwespen. Zij gebruiken de nesten om zich voort te planten. Zo kunnen we meer te weten komen over hun gedrag in het nest tijdens de voortplanting. In dit artikel worden de ervaringen met de graafwesp Psenulus fuscipennis beschreven. De verschillen in levenswijze met de kleine zeefwesp en bijenwolf worden toegelicht.
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Crabronidae ; Psenulus fuscipennis ; biologie ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 49
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.45 (2015) p.7
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: De gele tubebij Stelis signata was sinds 1977 niet meer in ons land aangetroffen. Men dacht daarom dat deze bij uit ons land verdwenen was. In 2013 werd de soort echter op Waarneming.nl gemeld van de Strabrechtse hei en in 2014 van Afferden. In 2015 werd een vrouwtje gevangen op de Sprengenberg op de Sallandse heuvelrug. In 2011 heeft Natuurmonumenten hier kleinschalige maatregelen uitgevoerd voor specifieke heidesoorten, waaronder de aanleg van een flink aantal steilranden. Het microreliëf dat daarbij ontstaat vormt een belangrijke nestelplaats voor bijen en wespen. De vondst van de zeldzame gele tubebij op een van deze steilranden vormt de kroon op het werk.
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Megachilidae ; Stelis signata ; verspreiding ; biologie ; Nederland ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 50
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.44 (2015) p.37
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: In 2007 werd Diplocoelus fagi bij Wageningen gevonden. De larven van deze kever leven in dood hout. Na de eerste vondst zijn diverse andere waarnemingen gedaan en D. fagi is nu bekend uit vier provincies. Omdat de soort in de omringende landen al lang bekend was, is deze late ontdekking opmerkelijk. Mogelijk hangt dit samen met het verbeterde bosbeheer, waarbij minder dood hout uit de bossen wordt verwijderd.
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Biphyllidae ; Diplocoelus fagi ; verspreiding ; Nederland ; biologie ; herkenning ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 51
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (42.75) vol.44 (2015) p.29
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: The snail-killing fly Salticella fasciata was discovered in Belgium in 2010. Since then, several new localities on the Belgian coast were discovered and in 2014, the first record for the Netherlands was found. This is the first representative of the genus and also of the subfamily Salticellinae in the Netherlands. In this paper, records from Belgium and the Netherlands are reviewed and information on biology and habitats is summarised.
    Keywords: Diptera ; Sciomyziidae ; Salticella fasciata ; Nederland ; België ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 52
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.44 (2015) p.17
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: Twaalf jaar geleden waren er nog geen Nelima-soorten bekend uit ons land. In 2004 en 2006 werden respectievelijk N. sempronii en N. doriae ontdekt. Beide soorten komen ten zuidoosten van ons land voor, en hebben naar alle waarschijnlijkheid Nederland recent bereikt. In 2012 werd op de Maasvlakte een derde vertegenwoordiger van dit genus gevonden: Nelima gothica. De vindplaats lijkt te wijzen op introductie door de mens. Gezien het voorkomen in de ons omringende landen is echter niet uit te sluiten dat hij van oudsher tot onze fauna behoort of recent op eigen kracht Nederland heeft bereikt. Hij zou op meer plaatsen langs de kust kunnen voorkomen. We presenteren de nieuwe soort en geven een overzicht van de vier Noordwest-Europese Nelima-soorten.
    Keywords: Opiliones ; Nelima ; verspreiding ; Nederland ; Europa ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 53
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.45 (2015) p.1
    Publication Date: 2018-12-13
    Description: Goudwespen zijn fraaie insecten, met felle metaalkleuren in de tinten rood, groen en blauw. Ze parasiteren vaak bij bijen en angeldragende wespen. In dit artikel wordt de eerste vondst van Chrysis equestris voor Nederland beschreven, waarmee het aantal in Nederland gevonden soorten nu op 57 komt. Deze goudwesp parasiteert bij de plooivleugelwesp Discoelius zonalis. Ze wordt in haar hele areaal weinig gevangen.
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Chrysididae ; Chrysis equestris ; verspreiding ; biologie ; herkenning ; Nederland ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 54
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.45 (2015) p.91
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: The Flevopark is one of the most special green areas of Amsterdam with a rich nature. Twelve oribatid mite species were collected here in 2014 from bark and mosses on trees. Liacarus acutus and Perlohmannia dissimilis are reported for the first time from the Netherlands. It is not clear if the newly recorded species have always been overlooked or are recent immigrants.
    Keywords: Acari ; Oribatida ; distribution ; Nederland ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 55
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.45 (2015) p.77
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: Watermijten zijn kleine spinachtige diertjes, die in zoet water leven. De aandacht voor deze diergroep is groot, omdat ze een rol spelen in de waterkwaliteitsbeoordeling. In de verspreidingsatlas uit 2000 worden 234 Nederlandse watermijten gemeld. Sinds die tijd worden regelmatig aanvullingen gerapporteerd. In dit artikel worden weer acht nieuwe soorten gemeld, wat het totaal nu op 266 brengt. Dit is een opmerkelijke toename van 13 % in 15 jaar.
    Keywords: Acari ; Hydrachnidia ; verspreiding ; Nederland ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 56
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.45 (2015) p.67
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: De publicatie van de naamlijst van de Nederlandse kieuwpootkreeften in 2002 was een grote stimulans voor nieuw onderzoek. Na de publicatie met aanvullingen in 2009 zijn er weer negen soorten bijgekomen, waarmee het totaal aantal soorten kieuwpootkreeften in Nederland nu op 124 komt. In dit artikel worden de nieuwe soorten besproken en wordt ingegaan op de redenen voor deze opmerkelijke uitbreiding.
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Branchiopoda ; Cladocera ; Nederland ; verspreiding ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 57
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    In:  Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen (0169-2453) vol.45 (2015) p.33
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: Prachtvliegen zijn vrij kleine vliegen die vaak een vleugeltekening hebben waardoor ze aan boorvliegen doen denken. De meeste soorten zijn weinig opvallend in het veld aanwezig en zitten vooral op hun waardplanten. Alleen de soorten waarvan de larven leven onder schors van boomstammen zijn opvallender aanwezig door hun balts of territoriaal gedrag. Ze proberen hun stukje boomstam te claimen door snel op en neer te lopen en tegelijkertijd driftig met hun vleugels te bewegen. Tot nog toe was de zeer fraaie Myennis octopunctata (Coquebert, 1798) de enige houtbewonende prachtvlieg in Nederland. In dit artikel wordt daar Homalocephala biumbrata aan toegevoegd.
    Keywords: Diptera ; Ulidiidae ; Homalocephala biumbrata ; verspreiding ; Nederland ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: Integrative taxonomy tests the validity of taxa using methods additional to traditional morphology. The existence of two different morphotypes in specimens identified as Chrysotoxum vernale Loew (Diptera: Syrphidae) prompted their taxonomic study using an integrative approach that included morphology, wing and male-surstylus geometric morphometrics, genetic and ecological analyses. As a result, a new species is recognised, Chrysotoxum montanum Nedeljković & Vujić sp. nov., and C. vernale is re-defined. A lectotype and paralectotypes are designated for C. vernale to stabilize this concept. An additional species, Chrysotoxum orthostylum Vujić sp. nov., with distinctive male genitalia is also described. The three species share an antenna with the basoflagellomere shorter than the scape plus pedicel and terga with yellow fasciae not reaching the lateral margins. This study confirms the value of integrative approach for resolving species boundaries.
    Keywords: Balkan Peninsula ; C. montanum sp. nov. ; C. orthostylum sp. nov. ; ecological niche ; geometric morphometry ; lectotype ; mtDNA COI sequences ; Syrphinae ; 42.75 ; 42.64 ; 42.62
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 59
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    Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, LVEMP Water Quality Component | Kisumu, Kenya
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Sampling for nutrients, Chrolophyll-a and total suspended solids was done in 9 in-lake stations in the Kenyan part of Lake Victoria between December 2000 and October 2001. In-situ measurements of temperature, dissolved oxygen and water transparency were also carried out. PO4-P was found to range from 0.007mg/l to 0.057 mg/l and was higher in the pelagic stations than in littoral stations. NO3-N concentrations of 0.005-0.037 mg/l were recorded and were found to be relatively higher in the littoral stations than in the pelagic stations. TN:TP ration of the lake was found to be 6.78 indicating a possibility of heterocystous blue-green algae dominating. The ratio of 8.6 in the littoral stations showed a potential for higher photosynthetic rates in this part of the lake than in the pelagic zones. SRSi levels in the pelagic zones were found to have reduced significantly compared to those reported by Talling (1965), whereas those in the littoral zone was within the reported range. Water temperature was found to have increased and transparency values decreased compared to those measured by Worthington (1930) for both the open waters and within the gulf. Anoxic conditions (DO 〈1mg/l) were measured in depths of up to 30m.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Water quality ; Limnology ; Nutrients (mineral)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Not Known
    Format: 11pp.
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The objectives of the Lake Victoria environment monitoring were to obtain data for: (1) Determination of the present state of the lake water quality and ecosystem. (2) Analysis of the relative importance of the biological processes and limiting factors in the eutrophication of the lake. (3) Calibration of the Lake Victoria Water Quality Framework Model. (4) Long -term monitoring of changes taking place in the lake. To achieve these objectives a programme for monthly lake monitoring on the lake was established to gather data on the quality of the waters of the lake and the lake’s limnology through in-situ measurements, and laboratory analysis of samples.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Water quality ; Urbanization ; Eutrophication ; Limnology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.164- 212 [Chapter 8]
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper reports on the major limnological and water quality findings in Lake Victoria, Kenya and offers suggestions on sustainable management of lake water quality.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Water quality ; Eutrophication ; Resource management ; Limnology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.239-261 [Chapter 10]
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  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1940-1953 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Charge-Transfer Complexes of Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) with 1,2,5-Thiadiazolequinones1)The syntheses and the X-ray structure analyses of the charge-transfer complexes of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) with naphtho[2,3-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,9-dione (1 : 2) (2) and benzol[1,2-c: 4,5-c′]-bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,8-dione (1 : 1) (4) are reported. In their crystal structures both compounds are built up by mixed columnar stacks of donors and acceptors, forming a characteristic packing motive for organic D-A complexes with properties of an electrical insulator.
    Notes: Es wird über die Synthese und die Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalysen der Charge-Transfer-Komplexe von Tetrathiafulvalen mit Naphtho[2,3-c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4,9-dion (1 : 2) (2) und Benzo-[1,2-c: 4,5-c′]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazol-4,8-dion (1 : 1) (4) berichtet. Beide Verbindungen weisen in ihrer Kristallstruktur aus Donoren und Acceptoren gemischte kolumnare Stapel auf, ein charakteristisches Packungsmotiv organischer D-A-Komplexe mit elektrischen Isolatoreigenschaften.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1973-1976 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Generation of Nitrosyl Salts in Dry Organic MediaTrimethylsilyl halides (CH3)3SiX (2a - c, X = Cl, Br, I) are sufficiently electrophilic to cleave, in an equilibrium reaction, alkyl nitrites O = NOR (1a, b, R = i-C5H11, C2H5) with formation of O = NX (3a - c) and (CH3)3SiOR (4a, b). This reaction serves as a convenient in-situ-method to generate nitrosyl compounds NOX in chlorinated hydrocarbons as inert organic media.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1954-1964 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Iminoboranes from the Thermal Decomposition of DialkylazidoboranesIminoboranes RB = NR (1a - f) are formed by the thermal decomposition of azidoboranes R2BN3 (5a - f) in the gas phase or in solution. At low temperature, the iminoboranes 1b, d, e (R = iPr, iBu, sBu) can be trapped from the gas phase. They are characterized and brought to reaction as isolated species. Without other reactands, the iminoboranes dimerize or trimerize to form the cyclic products 2 or 3, respectively, or polymerize to the wax-like solids 4. Produced in solution below 100 °C, the iminoboranes are azidoborated by the educts 5 to give the (azidoboryl)amines 6 which are transformed into the borazines 3 at 160 - 180 °C. Iminoboranes undergo an ethyloboration with BEt3, a cycloaddition with PhN3, and in the absence of the strongly reactive R2BN3 a concurring cycloaddition and azidosilation with Me3SiN3 with formation of 7 - 10, respectively.
    Notes: Iminoborane RB = NR (1a - f) entstehen beim thermischen Zerfall von Azidoboranen R2BN3 (5a - f) in der Gasphase oder in Lösung. Die aus der Gasphase abgeschiedenen Produkte 1b, d, e (R = iPr, iBu, sBu) lassen sich bei tiefer Temperatur isolieren, charakterisieren und isoliert umsetzen. Mit sich selbst reagieren die in der Gasphase ergzeugten Iminoborane 1a - f unter Cyclodi-oder -trimerisierung oder unter Polymerisierung zu Produkten von Typ 2, 3 bzw. 4. In Lösung unterhalb 100 °C erzeugt, werden die Iminoborane von den Edukten 5 zu Produkten 6 azidoboriert; diese lassen sich bei 160 - 180 °C in Borazine 3 überführen. Iminoborane erfahren durch BEt3 eine Ethyloborierung zu 7, mit PhN3 eine Cycloaddition zu 8 und mit Me3SiN3 nebeneinander eine Cycloaddition zu 9 und eine Azidosilierung zu 10, sofern nicht das Edukt R2BN3 zugegen ist, das dem Azid Me3SiN3 in der Reaktivität gegenüber 1 überlegen ist.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1965-1972 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Azodesilylation - a Novel Aprotic Diazotization TechniqueNitrosyl compounds NOA (4a - e, A = Cl, Br, BF4, CF3SO3, I) - generated partially in situ from O = N - OR/(CH3)3SiA (7a, b, R = i-C5H11, C2H5/8a, b, e, A = Cl, Br, I) - react in aprotic organic media with N,N-bissilylated organylamines RN[Si(CH3)3]2 (3b, R = C6H5; 15, R = CH3) under generation of diazonium systems R - N2+ A- and formation of non-nucleophilic hexamethyldisiloxane (6b). This method represents the first nucleophile excluding diazotization technique on the basis of three-coordinated nitrogen and is termed „azodesilylation“.
    Notes: Nitrosylverbindungen NOA (4a - e, A = Cl, Br, BF4, CF3SO3, I) - teilweise in situ hergestellt aus O = N - OR/(CH3)3SiA (7a, b, R = i-C5H11, C2H5/8a, b, e, A = Cl, Br, I) - reagieren mit N,N-bissilylierten Organylaminen RN[Si(CH3)3]2 (3b, R = C6H5; 15, R = CH3) in aprotischen organischen Medien unter Bildung von Diazonium-Systemen R - N2+ A- und nicht-nucleophilem Hexamethyldisiloxan (6b). Diese Methode repräsentiert die erste, Nucleophile ausschließende Diazotierungstechnik auf der Basis von 3fach koordiniertem Stickstoff und wird als „Azodesilylierung“ bezeichnet.
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  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1977-1979 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Säurekatalysierte Cyclisierung des En-Produkts aus α-Pinen und PTADAluminiumchlorid-katalysierte Reaktion des En-Produkts 2 aus 4-Phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3,5-dion (PTAD) und α-Pinen (1), des 1-(6,6-Dimelthyl-2-methylenbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-yl)-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolidin-3,5-dions, ergab 3,8,8-Trimelthyl-N-phenyl-4,5-diazatricyclo[4.2.1.03,7]nonan-4,5-dicarboxamid (6) in 78% Ausbeute. Auch Bortrifluorid-etherat, trockener Chlorwasserstoff und p-Toluolsulfonsäure katalysieren die Cyclisierung von 2 zu 6, aber nicht in diesem Maße. Der Mechanismus der Cyclisierung wird über eine Gerüstumlagerung der Carbenium-Ionen-Zwischenstufen gedeutet.
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  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1980-1981 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chain Lengthening of Tetrafluoro-1,2-ethanedisulfenyl Dichloride by the Reaction with Hydrogen PeroxideThe reaction of the little compound ClSCF2CF2SCl (1) with aqueous H2O2 results in the formation of ClS2CF2CF2SSCF2CF2SO2Cl(2), which is characterized on the basis of 19F NMR, mass, IR, and Raman spectroscopy.
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  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1982-1986 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fluorination of Adamantane Derivatives with Oxygen DifluorideFluorination of adamantane and adamantane derivatives 1 with OF2 in the absence of an HF-trap gives fluoroadamantanes 2 and adamantanols 3 in varying amounts. Increasing yields of 2 are obtained in the presence of Na2CO3 as an HF-trap. In addition, the fluorooxahomoadamantanes 4b and e are formed in this reaction. The fluorination of adamantanone (5) with OF2 leads to analogous products.
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  • 69
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1987-1990 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoelektronenspektren einiger Reduktionsprodukte von [2.2]ParacyclophanAnhand des He(I)-Photoelektronen(PE)-Spektrums von 2,3′,5,6′-Tetrahydro[2.2]paracyclophan (2) wird gezeigt, daß die Through-Bond-Wechselwirkung zwischen den Sechsringen klein, innerhalb der Cyclohexadienringe aber groß ist. Über die PE-Spektren der weiteren Hydrierungsprodukte 3 und 4 wird berichtet.
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  • 70
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1991-1993 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses with Cyclobutadienes, 51). 5,5,6,6-Tetracyano-5,6-dihydro-Dewar benzene/3,3,4,4-Tetracyano-3,4-dihydrobenzvalene - a Novel Equilibrating SystemThe cyclobutadiene 3 reacts with tetracyanoethylene to give a 1 : 1-mixture of the dihydro-Dewar benzene 5 and the dihydrobenzvalene 6, which can be separated by crystallisation. In deuteriochloroform solution 5 and 6 are in a 1 : 1 equilibrium.
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  • 71
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 72
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 2275-2286 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Electron Rich Heterocycles as Donor Groups in Fluorescent DyesThe synthesis of N-methylphthalimides substituted with the donor groups pyrazole, triazole, benzotriazole, and naphthotriazole in position 4 is described (17, 18, 14, 12). The substituent constants of these groups are obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of the corresponding phthalimide dyes. Their solvatochromism in absorption and fluorescence gives information about charge distribution in ground- and excited state.
    Notes: Die Darstellung von N-Methylphtalimiden wird beschrieben, die in 4-Stellung die Donorgruppen Pyrazol, Triazol, Benzotriazol und Naphthotriazol tragen (17, 18, 14, 12). über die alkalische Hydrolyse des Imids werden die Substituentenkonstanten der Reste bestimmt. Die Solvatochromie in Absorption und Fluoreszenz gibt Information über die Ladungsverteilung in Grund- und angeregtem Zustand.
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  • 73
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Arene(phosphane)metal Complexes, IV1). Synthesis of (6-Phosphonio-η5-cyclohexadienyl)ruthenium(II) Compounds and their Conversion into Dicationic (Benzene)ruthenium(II) Complexes[C6H6Ru(PR3)(PR3′)PR3″]2+The complexes [C6H6RuCl(PR3)PR3′]PF6 (1 - 4) and [C6H6RuCl2(PR3)] (9, 10) react with phosphanes PR3″ in the presence of NH4PF6 to give the (6-phosphonio-η5-cyclohexadienyl)ruthenium(II) compounds [(6-R3″P-η5-C6H6)Ru(PR3)(PR3′)PR3″](PF6)2 (5 - 8 11). Similarly, from [C6H6Ru(CH3CN)3](PF6)2 (12) and PMe3 the complex [(6-Me3P-η5-C6H6)Ru(PMe3)2CH3CN](PF6)2 (13) is formed. The IR and NMR spectra of 5 - 8, 11, and 13 indicate that the phosphonio group is in the exo-position at the sp3 carbon atom of the cyclohexadienyl ligand. Below - 30°C, rotation around the metal-ring bond is so hindered that rigid conformers are detected. Compounds 5 - 8 react with trifluoroacetic acid with elimination of the phosphonio group to yield the PF6 salts of the half-sandwich type complexes [C6H6Ru(PR3)(PR3′)PR3″]2+ (14 - 17).
    Notes: Die Komplexe [C6H6RuCl(PR3)PR3)]PF6 (1 - 4) und [C6H6RuCl2(PR3)] (9, 10) reagieren mit Phosphanen PR3″ in Gegenwart von NH4PF4 zu den (6-Phosphonio-η5-cyclohexadienyl)-ruthenium(II)-Verbindungen [(6-R3″P-η5-C6H6)Ru(PR3)(PR3″](PF6)2 (5 - 8, 11). Aus [C6H6Ru(CH3CN)3](PF6)2 (12) und PMe3 erhält man analog den Komplex (6-Me3P-η5-C6H6)Ru(PMe3)2CH3CN](PF6)2 (13). Die IR- und NMR-Spektren von 5 - 8, 11 und 13 weisen darauf hin, daß sich die Phosphoniogruppierung in der exo-Position am sp3-C-Atom des Cyclohexadienylliganden befindet. Unterhalb - 30°C ist die Rotation um die Metall-Ring-Bindung so stark behindert, daß starre Konformere nachweisbar sind. Die Verbindungen 5 - 8 reagieren mit Trifluoressigsäure unter Abspaltung der Phosphoniogruppe zu den PF6-Salzen der Halbsandwich-Komplexe [C6H6Ru(PR3)(PR3′)PR3″]2+ (14 - 17).
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  • 74
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Arene(phosphane)metal Complexes, VI1). Synthesis of [(RC6H5)OsI(PMe3)2]PF6 from (exo-6-RC6H6)OsI(PMe3)2: A contribution to the Mechanism of Aromatization of Substituted Cyclohexadienyl Ligands by „endo-H Abstraction“The compounds (exo-6-RC6H6)OsI(PMe3)2 (2 - 5, 7) react smoothly with [CPh3]PF6 in acetone to give the (arene)osmium(II) complexes [(RC6H5)OsI(PMe3)2]PF6 (8 - 12) in quantitative yield. The hydride elimination proceeds via two (cyclohexadienyl)hydridoosmium(IV) intermediates (13 and 14, 15, respectively) which can be prepared from 2, 5, 6 (R = CH3, n-C4H9, t-C4H9) and CF3CO2H/NH4PF6. The (cyclohexadienyl)hydrido complexes [(RC6H6)Os(H)I(PMe3)2]+ undergo an intramolecular isomerization which leads to a cation possessing a CH2 group in the six-membered ring. This cationic complex or (more probably) the neutral compound (2- or 3-RC6H6)OsI(PMe3)2 formed on deprotonation reacts with [CPh3]+ by abstraction of an exo-hydrogen atom.
    Notes: Die Verbindungen (exo-6-RC6H6)OsI(PMe3)2 (2 - 5, 7) reagieren mit [CPh3]PF6 in Aceton rasch und quantitativ zu den (Aromaten)osmium(II)-Komplexen [(RC6H5)OsI(PMe3)2]PF6 (8 - 12). Die Hydrid-Eliminierung verläuft über zwei (Cyclohexadienyl)hydridoosmium(IV)-Zwischenstufen (13 bzw. 14, 15), die aus 2, 5, 6 (R = CH3, n-C4H9, t-C4H9) und CF3CO2H/NH4PF6 synthetisiert werden können. Die (Cyclohexadienyl)hydrido-Komplexe [(RC6H6)Os(H)I(PMe3)2]+ gehen eine intramolekulare Isomerisierung ein, wobei ein Kation mit einer CH2-Gruppe im Sechsring entsteht. Dieses Komplexkation oder (wahrscheinlicher) die nach Deprotonierung erhaltene Neutralverbindung (2- bzw. 3-RC6H6)OsI(PMe3)2 reagiert mit [CPh3]+ unter Abstraktion eines exo-H-Atoms.
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  • 75
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Arene(phosphane)metal Complexes, V1). On the Addition of Carbanions to (Benzene)ruthenium(II) and -osmium(II) Complexes. The Crystal and Molecular Structure of (exo-6-n-C4H9-η5-C6H6)OsI(PMe3)2The complex [C6H6RuCl(PMe3)2]PF6 (1) reacts with methyllithium to give a mixture of products that contains (η5-C6H6CH3)RuCH3(PMe3)2 (2) as the main component. From 1 and LiC6H5/LiBr the bromide 3 is primarily formed but the final product is (η5-C6H6C6)H5RuC6H5(PMe3)2 (4). Reaction of [C6H6OsI(PMe3)2]PF6 (5) with organyllithium compounds LiR (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, t-C4H9, C6H5) yields the complexes (η5-C6H6R)OsI(PMe3)2 (6 - 11). 31P NMR spectra of 6 - 11 indicate restricted rotation at low temperatures around the metal-ring axis. According to X-ray structure analysis of 9 (R = n-C4H9) the cyclohexadienyl ring possesses an envelope conformation. The n-butyl group occupies the exo-position at the sp3-C atom.
    Notes: Der Komplex [C6H6RuCl(PMe3)2]PF6 (1) reagiert mit Methyllithium zu einem Produktgemisch, welches (η5-C6H6CH3)RuCH3(PMe3)2 (2) als Hauptkomponente enthält. Aus 1 und LiC6H5/LiBr entsteht über 3 bei längeren Reaktionszeiten (η5-C6H6C6H5)RuC6H5(PMe3)2 (4). Die Umsetzung von [C6H6OsI(PMe3)2]PF6 (5) mit Organyllithium-Verbindungen LiR (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, t-C4H9, C6H5 ergibt die Komplexe (η5-C6H6R)OsI(PMe3)2 (6 - 11), in denen nach den 31P-NMR-Spektren die Rotation um die Metall-Ring-Bindung bei tiefen Temperaturen stark eingeschränkt ist. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 9 (R = n-C4H9) beweist die „Envelope“-Konformation des Cyclohexadienylrings. Die n-Butylgruppe befindet sich in der exo-Position am sp3-C-Atom.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 172-186 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Radical Ions, 55. The One-Electron Oxidation of Tetrahedrane to Cyclobutadiene Radical CationTetra-tert-butyltetrahedrane, on one-electron oxidation using AlCl3 in CH2Cl2, opens to form tetra-tert-butylcyclobutadiene radical cation, which can also be generated under identical reaction conditions from tetra-tert-butylcyclobutadiene itself. The assignments of the ESR and ENDOR spectra are supported by deutero substitution of one tert-butyl group and by MNDO hypersurfaces for the thermal and for the oxidative structural changes of both C4 skeletons. The feasible formation of a valence isomeric tert-butyl(tri-tert-butylcyclopropenyl)carbene radical cation is discussed.
    Notes: Tetra-tert-butyltetrahedran öffnet sich bei Einelektronen-Oxidation mit AlCl3 in CH2Cl2 zum Tetra-tert-butylcyclobutadien-Radikalkation, das unter gleichen Reaktionsbedingungen auch aus Tetra-tert-butylcyclobutadien erzeugt werden kann. Die Zuordnungen der ESR- und ENDOR-Spektren werden durch Deutero-Substitution einer tert-Butyl-Gruppe sowie durch MNDO-Hyperflächen für die thermischen und oxidativen Strukturänderungen der beiden C4-Gerüste gestützt. Die mögliche Bildung eines valenzisomeren tert-Butyl(tri-tert-butylcyclopropenyl)carben-Radikalkations wird diskutiert.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 948-954 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Acidic Complexones Bearing Donor-enhancing Pyridine Anchour GroupsThe synthesis, complex stability and -selectivity for alkaline earth metal ions of 2,6-pyridinebis-(methylamine)-N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid (3a) and of their donor-enforced analogues 3b, c are described. The acid dissociation constants and the stability constants of the metal complexes have been measured potentiometrically at 25°C in water of constants ionic strength (μ = 0.1). The stability order is Ca 〉 Mg 〉 Sr 〉 Ba which is analogues to the selectivity of EDTA and comparable aliphatic complexones. The magnitudes of the stability constants of 3a are comparable to those of EDTA, while the donor-enforced analogues 3b, c form less stable complexes with alkaline earth metal ions.
    Notes: Synthese, Komplexstabilität und -selektivität gegenüber Erdalkalimetall-Ionen von 2,6-Pyridinbis(methylamin)-N, N, N′, N′-tetraessigsäure (3a) und ihren Donor-verstäkten Analoga 3b, c werden beschrieben. Die Bestimmung der Dissoziations- und Komplexbildungskonstanten erfolgt potentionmetrisch bei 25°C in Wasser konstanter ionaler Stärke (μ = 0.1). Die Bildungskonstanten der Metallkomplexe nehmen in der Reihenfolge Ca 〉 Mg 〉 Sr 〉 Ba ab und folgen damit der bei EDTA und vergleichbaren aliphatischen Komplexonen vorgefundenen Selektivität. 3a weist mit EDTA vergleichbare hohe Komplexbildungskonstanten auf, während die Donor-verstärkten Analoga 3b, c schwächere Erdalkalimetallkomplexe bilden.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 959-965 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and X-Ray Structure Analysis of the Diels-Alder Adduct of 4-Phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dione with OctavaleneIn the reaction of 4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dione with octavalene (1) the Diels-Alder adduct 2 is formed. From its X-ray structure analysis the dihedral angle for the bicyclo[1.1.0]butane group, the 2- and 4-positions of which are spanned by four atoms, has been determined to be 122.7°. The bridging bond C1 - C3 has a length of 1.487 Å.
    Notes: Aus Octavalen (1) und 4-Phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3,5-dion bildet sich das Diels-Alder-Addukt 2. Seine Röntgenstrukturanalyse ergab für das Bicyclo[1.1.0]butan-Gerüst, dessen 2- und 4-Stellung durch vier Atome überbrückt sind, einen Interplanarwinkel von 122.7°. Die Brückenbindung C1 - C3 hat eine Länge von 1.487 Å.
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Condensed Ring Systems, XV. About the Reaction of α-Chloro Sulfoxides with Potassium tert-Butoxide by the Example of the Synthesis of OxapropellenesThe synthesis of dithia- 1a - 3a and oxathiapropellenes 1b - 3b is described. From 1b - 3b the α-chloro sulfoxides 4 - 6 and α-chloro sulfones 4a - 6a are prepared, or which in most cases several stereoisomeric racemates are obtained. The constitution, configuration, and conformation of the α-chloro sulfoxide 4, the main product obtained from 1b, was elucidated by X-ray structure analysis. Only in that way it was possible to deduce the constitutions and configurations of the other stereoisomeric α-chloro sulfoxides 4 - 6 and α-chloro sulfones 4a - 6a, respectively, using 13C NMR spectroscopy. By the reaction of the α-chloro sulfones 4a - 6a with potassium tert-butoxide (Ramberg-Bäcklund reaction) the corresponding oxapropellenes 7 - 9 are obtained only in low yields (〈 10%). Contrary, the α-chloro sulfoxides 4 - 6, und analogous conditions give yields of 80 - 90% (from 4, 6) and 25% (from 5).
    Notes: Es wird die Synthese der Dithia- 1a - 3a und Oxathiapropellene 1b - 3b beschrieben. Aus 1b - 3b werden die α-Chlorsulfoxide 4 - 6 und α-Chlorsulfone 4a - 6a hergestellt, von denen meist mehrere stereoisomere Racemate erhalten werden. Konstitution, Konfiguration und Konformation des Hauptprodukts der aus 1b erhaltenen α-Chlorsulfoxide 4 wurden durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse ermittelt. Erst dadurch wurde es möglich, mit Hilfe der 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie die Konstitutionen und Konfigurationen der anderen stereoisomeren α-Chlorsulfoxide 4 - 6 und α-Chlorsulfone 4a - 6a aufzuklären. Bei der Reaktion der α-Chlorsulfone 4a - 6a mit Kalium-tert-butylat (Ramberg-Bäcklund-Reaktion) erhält man die entsprechenden Oxapropellene 7 - 9 nur in geringer Ausbeute (〈 10%), während die α-Chlorsulfoxide 4 - 6 unter analogen Bedingungen Ausbeuten von 80 - 90% (aus 4, 6) und 25% (aus 5) ergeben.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 982-989 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Selectivity of the Reaction of Carbocations with NucleophilesThe problem of the selectivity of the nucleophilic attack on carbocations according to the HSAB-principle is discussed in relation to the solvolysis in ether of 7,7-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-norbornane (2) and 7,7-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-2-norbornene (4) in presence of dimethyl-magnesium, magnesium iodide and methylmagnesium iodide. The nucleophiles and carbocations are arranged according to the hard-soft-scale, so our results can be explained.
    Notes: Das Problem der Selektivität beim nucleophilen Angriff an Carbokationen wird im Rahmen des HSAB-Prinzips am Beispiel der Solvolysen in Ether von 7,7-Bis(trifluormethylsulfonyloxy)norbornan (2) und 7,7-Bis(trifluormethylsulfonyloxy)-2-norbornen (4) in Anwesenheit von Dimethylmagnesium, Magnesiumiodid und Methylmagnesiumiodid erörtert. Die Nucleophile und die als Zwischenstufen auftretenden Carbokationen werden auf der Hart-weich-Skala eingeordnet, wobei die Ergebnisse erklärt werden können.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1003-1012 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Dichloropalladium(II) Complexes with α-Amino Acids, α-Amino Acid Esters, Dipeptides, and Dipeptide EstersA series of trans-dichloropalladium(II) complexes Cl2PdL2 (L = α-amino acid, α-amino acid ester, dipeptide, dipeptide esters) and cis-Cl2Pd(histidine) has been prepared and spectroscopically characterized. The X-ray structure of trans-Cl2Pd(GlyOEt)2 (3b) has been determined.
    Notes: Eine Reihe von trans-Dichloropalladium(II)-Komplexen Cl2PdL2 mit (L = α-Aminosäure, α-Aminosäureester, Dipeptid, Dipeptidester) sowie cis-Cl2Pd(Histidin) wurde dargestellt und spektroskopisch charakterisiert. Die Röntgenstruktur von trans-Cl2Pd(GlyOEt)2 (3b) wurde bestimmt.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1436-1454 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Evidence for a Radical Chain Mechanism for the Knabe Reaction of 1,2-Dihydro-2-methylpapaverineA free radical chain mechanism is proposed for the Knabe reaction and the accompanying elimination reaction on account of their nonintegral reaction order and of successful inhibition experiments. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl radicals are the chain carrying species. Battersby's synthesis of N-methylpavine (19) from 1,2-dihydro-2-methylpapaverine (9) is dependent on the presence of formic acid as radical chain inhibitor. In the presence of inhibitors 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydro-2-methyl-isoquinolinium ions like 10 are persistent species whose chemistry can now be investigated.
    Notes: Die Knabe-Reaktion von 1,2-Dihydro-2-methylpapaverin (9) und die begleitende Eliminierungsreaktion wurden durch ihre gebrochene Reaktionsordnung und durch die Möglichkeit der Inhibition als Radikalkettenreaktionen erkannt, deren kettentragendes Radikal das 3,4-Dimethoxybenzylradikal ist. Die Synthese von N-Methylpavin (19) aus 1,2-Dihydro-2-methylpapaverin (9) ist an die Anwesenheit von Ameisensäure als Inhibitor der Radikalketten gebunden. Durch Zusatz von Inhibitoren können nun Immoniumionen 10 und analoge Verbindungen stabilisiert und ihre Chemie untersucht werden.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1455-1464 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Azo Bridges from Azines, III. Unexpected Formation of a Compounds with Parallel C=C and N=N Bonds2)Dialdehyde 5 reacts with hydrazine at pH 〉 7 to form the trimeric azine 6Tr, at pH 〈 4, however, to yield unexpectedly 8, which contains parallel C=C and N=N bonds in close proximity. The complex reaction is clarified. 8 is characterized by structure proving reactions and its spectroscopic data.
    Notes: Der Dialdehyd 5 reagiert mit Hydrazin bei pH 〉 7 zu dem trimeren Azin 6Tr, bei pH 〈 4 unerwartet zu 8, das parallel benachbarte C=C- und N=N-Bindungen besitzt. Der komplexe Reaktionsverlauf wird aufgeklärt. 8 wird durch struktursichernde Reaktionen und spektroskopische Daten charakterisiert.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1465-1475 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Azo Bridges from Azines, IV1). Intramolecular [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition of Parallel C=C and N=N BondsThe parallel C=C and N=N bonds in the rigid molecules 1 - 10 photocyclize nearly quantitatively, forming 1,2-diazetidines 11 - 20. Their structure is confirmed by spectroscopic methods and for 13 by X-ray analysis. Radiation induced denitrogenation, the normal reaction for similar compounds without neighbouring C=C bonds, is suppressed even with the sensitive derivatives of 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene. Photocyclization of 6, carrying two neighbouring C=C bonds, includes only the norbornene bond.
    Notes: In den starren Molekülen 1 - 10 reagieren die benachbarten parallelen C=C- und N=N-Bindungen nahezu quantitativ unter Photocyclisierung zu den 1,2-Diazetidinen 11 - 20, deren Struktur spektroskopisch und für 13 durch Kristallstrukturanalyse bewiesen wird. Die in Abwesenheit der C=C-Bindung beobachtete Photo-Denitrogenierung unterbleibt selbst bei den empfindlichen Derivaten des 2,3-Diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptens. Photocyclisierung von 6 mit zwei zur N=N-Bindung benachbarten C=C-Bindungen tritt nur mit der Norbornendoppelbindung ein.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1497-1512 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Amino Acids, 21,2). N-Acetyl α,β-Didehydro α-Amino Acid Esters from α-Azidocarboxylic Acid Esters and Acetic Anhydride by Nitrogen Elimination with Rhenium Catalystsα-Azidocarboxylic acid esters 2 react with acetic anhydride in presence of catalytic amounts of rhenium heptasulfide and - if necessary - by addition of hydrochloric acid to give N-acetyl 3 or/and N,N-diacetyl-α,β-didehydro-α-amino acids esters 4 in very good yields. Exclusively monoacetylated products 3 are formed if water ist added before work up.
    Notes: Beim Erwärmen von α-Azidocarbonsäureestern 2 in Acetanhydrid/Essigsäure in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen Rheniumheptasulfid und gegebenenfalls unter Zugabe von Chlorwasserstoff entstehen in sehr guten Ausbeuten N-Acetyl- 3 und/oder N,N-Diacetyl-α-β-didehydro-α-amino-säureester 4. Durch Zugabe von Wasser vor der Aufarbeitung erfolgt partielle Deacetylierung unter ausschließlicher Bildung der N-Monoacetylverbindungen 3.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Amino Acids, 31). N-Acetylated α-β-Didehydro α-Amino Acid Derivatives by Nitrogen Elimination from α-Azido-carboxylic Acid Amides and α-Azido-ω-aminocarboxylic Acid Lactams with Rhenium Catalystsα-Azidocarboxylic acid amides 2 and α-azido-ω-aminocarboxylic acid lactams 6, respectively, react with acetic anhydride in the presence of rhenium catalysts by nitrogen eliminations to give N-acetyl- 7 and N,N-diacetyl-α,β-didehydro-α-amino acid amides 8, α-acetylamino- 11 and α-diacetylamino-α,β-didehydro-ω-aminocarboxylic acid lactams 12, respectively. Reactions of the educts 6c, d - with a ring size 7 or 8 - additionally lead to the oxazoloazepine 14c and the oxazoloazocine 14d, respectively.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von α-Azidocarbonsäureamiden 2 mit Acetanhydrid in Gegenwart von Rheniumkatalysatoren entstehen unter Stickstoffabspaltung N-Acetyl- 7 und N,N-Diacetyl-α,β-didehydro-α-aminosäureamide 8, bei der von α-Azido-ω-aminocarbonsäurelactamen 6 α-Acetyl-amino- 11 und α-Diacetylamino-α,β-didehydro-ω-aminocarbonsäurelactamen 12, wobei sich aus den Verbindungen 6c, d, mit der Ringgliederzahl 7 bzw. 8 außerdem noch das Oxazoloazepin 14c bzw. das Oxazoloazocin 14d bilden.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Phosphorus, 131. Synthesis and Properties of the Methylenediphosphiranes (t-BuP)2)C = CR2 (R = H, Me, 4-ClC6H4)The first methylenediphosphiranes (diphosphamethylenecyclopropanes) (t-BuP)2C = CH2 (1), (t-BuP)2C = CMe2 (2), and (t-BuP)2C = C(4-ClC6H4)2 (3) were synthesized by [2 + 1] cyclocondensation of K(t-Bu)P - P(t-Bu)K with the corresponding 1,1-dichloroolefins. The homocyclophosphanes (t-BuP)n (n = 4,3) and in the case of 1 mainly H(t-Bu)P - P(t-Bu)H are formed as by-products. The three-membered heterocycles 2 and 3 could be purely isolated as surprisingly stable compounds. According to an X-ray single-crystal analysis 3 possesses approximately C2 symmetry and exhibits one of the smallest bonding angles ψ (P - P - C) = 52.4° on a phosphorus atom experimentally proved so far. Along [100] there are canals filled with disordered n-pentane molecules.
    Notes: Die ersten Methylendiphosphirane (Diphosphamethylencyclopropane) (t-BuP)2C = CH2 (1), (t-BuP)2C = CMe2 (2) und (t-BuP)2C = C(4-ClC6H4)2 (3) wurden durch [2 + 1]-Cyclokondensation von K(t-Bu)P - P(t-Bu)K mit den entsprechenden 1,1-Dichlorolefinen synthetisiert. Als Nebenprodukte entstehen die Homocyclophosphane (t-BuP)n (n = 4,3) und im Fall von 1 vor allem H(t-Bu)P - P(t-Bu)H. Die Dreiringheterocyclen 2 und 3 konnten als thermisch überraschend beständige Verbindungen in reiner Form isoliert werden. 3 besitzt nach der Röntgenstrukturanalyse annähernd die Symmetrie C2 und enthält mit ψ (P - P - C) = 52.4° einen der kleinsten experimentell gesicherten Bindungswinkel am Phosphor. Längs [100] liegen fehlgeordnet mit n-Pentan gefüllte Kanäle vor.
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  • 88
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1523-1541 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Aminierung, III. Trimethylsilanol als austretende Gruppe, V. Silylierung-Aminierung von Hydroxy-N-heterocyclenDurch Silylierung-Aminierung lassen sich Hydroxy-N-heterocyclen (z. B. 18, 21, 26 u. a.) bequem in einer Einstufen-Eintopfreaktion aminieren (→ 20, 23 - 25 etc.). Aromatische Hydroxy-N-heterocyclen werden durch Silylierung in aktivierte und lipophile Zwischenprodukte vom Typ 3, 8 umgewandelt, die sich in situ mit Ammoniak, primären oder sekundären Aminen zu den entsprechenden mono-, bis- und tris-aminierten Produkten (5, 10) umsetzen. Die Additions-Eliminierungsreaktion von Aminen an O-silylierte Heterocyclen ist Lewissäure-katalysiert und verläuft gewöhnlich in hohen Ausbeuten, falls die austretende Gruppe Trimethylsilanol in situ durch überschüssiges Silylierungsmittel in Hexamethyldisiloxan umgewandelt wird. Anwendungsbreite und Grenzen dieser einfachen Methode werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Hydroxy N-heterocycles such as 18, 21, 26, and others are efficiently aminated in a one-step/one-pot procedure by silylation-amination to give 20, 23 - 25 etc. Silylation converts aromatic hydroxy N-heterocycles into activated and lipophilic intermediates of type 3, 8 which react in situ with ammonia, primary or secondary amines to form the corresponding mono-, bis- or tris-aminated products (5, 10). This addition-elimination of amines to O-silylated heterocycles in Lewis acid-catalyzed and proceeds usually in high yields if the leaving group trimethylsilanol is converted in situ by excess silylated agent into hexamethyldisiloxane. Scope and limitations of this simple procedure are discussed.
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  • 89
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1572-1582 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Benzonitrile as a 6-Electron Donor Ligand: The Clusters Fe3(CO)9(μ3(η2)-NCC6H5) and Fe4(CO)12(μ4(η2)-NCC6H5)The reaction of Fe3(CO)12 with benzonitrile in the presence of hydrogen leads to the benzonitrile complexes Fe3(CO)9(μ3(η2)-NCC6H5) (1a) and Fe4(CO)12(μ4(η2)-NCC6H5) (2). Their structures were determined crystallographically. The benzonitrile ligand is coordinated to the iron atoms formally via on „s̰-bond“ and two „π-bonds“ in 1a, and via three s̰-bonds and one π-bond in 2.
    Notes: Die Reaktion von Fe3(CO)12 mit Benzonitril in Anwesenheit von Wasserstoff führt zu den beiden Benzonitril-Komplexen Fe3(CO)9(μ3(μ2)-NCC6H5) (1a) und Fe4(CO)12(μ4(η2)-NCC6H5) (2). Ihre Strukturen wurden kristallographisch aufgeklärt. Der Benzonitril-Ligand ist in 1a formal über eine „s̰-Bindung“ und zwei „π-Bindungen“, in 2 über drei s̰-Bindungen und eine π-Bindung an die Eisenatome koordiniert.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Spin-Spin Coupling Constants by Platinium-195 as Criteria for a Configuration Determination in Platinum Organic CompoundsThe platinum organic compounds [Pt(η4-1,5-cyclooctadiene)(XC6H4)2] and cis-[Pt(P(n-Bu)3)2-(XC6H4)2] (X = H, 4-CH3, 4-(CH3)3C, 4-(CH3)2N, 3-F, 4-F, 4-CH3O, 4-CF3; 3a - 4, cis-4a - h) as well as trans-[Pt(P(n-Bu)3)2(4-CH3OC6H4)2] (trans-4g) and trans-[Pt(P(n-Bu)3)2(4-CF3C6H4)2] (trans-4h) have been studied by 31P-, 13C-, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The coupling constants 1J[195Pt, 31P], nJ[195Pt, 13C], nJ[195Pt, H], and 2J[31P, 13C] show a clear correlation to the ligand configuration at the dsp2-hybridized platinum and can therefore be used as basis for configuration determination.
    Notes: Die platin-organischen Verbindungen [Pt(η4-1,5-cyclooctadien)(XC6H4)2] und cis-[Pt(P(n-Bu)3)2-(XC6H4)] (X = H, 4-CH3, 4-(CH3)3C, 4-(CH3)2N, 3-F, 4-F, 4-CH3O, 4-CF3; 3a - h, cis-4a - h) sowie trans-[Pt(P(n-Bu)3)2(4-CH3OC6H4)2] (trans-4g) und trans-[Pt(P(n-Bu)3)2(4-CF3C6H4)2] (trans-4h) wurden 31P-, 13C- und 1-NMR-spektroskopisch untersucht. Die Kopplungskonstanten 1J[195Pt, 31P], nJ[195Pt, 13C], nJ[195Pt, H] und 2J[31P, 13C] zeigen eine eindeutige Abhängigkeit von der Konfiguration der Liganden am dsp2-hybridisierten Platin; sie können daher zur sicheren Konfigurations-Bestimmung verwendet werden.
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  • 91
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1597-1605 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Structure of N-Methylenecarboxamides: X-Ray Data, Spectroscopy, and Quantum Mechanical CalculationsN-(Diphenylmethylene)acetamide (1) has been studied by X-ray crystallography as an example for the polyfunctional, highly reactive N-methyleneamides. The dihedral angle (C = N - C = O = 73°) and the bond lengths indicate that there is only little interaction between the C = O and the C = N groups. Extensive ab initio 3-21G calculations for the parent molecule H2C = N - CH = O (2) predict a C - N rotational barrier of ca. 4 kcal/mol with a cisoid form (C = N - C = O = 23°) as the most stable structure. MNDO data as well as spectroscopic properties (IR, 13C NMR) suggest high molecular flexibility due to the many electronic interactions possible for the nitrogen atom.
    Notes: Als Beispiel für die polyfunktionellen N-Methylencarbonsäureamide wurde N-(Diphenylmethylen)acetamid (1) röntgenographisch untersucht. C = N - C = O-Torsionswinkel (73°) und Bindungslängen deuten auf nur geringe Wechselwirkungen zwischen C = O- und C = N-Molekülteil. Ausführliche ab initio-3-21G-Berechnungen am Grundsystem H2C = N - CH = O (2) sagen eine C - N-Rotationsbarriere von ca. 4 kcal/mol voraus, wobei als stabilste Struktur eine cisoide Form (C = N - C = O-Winkel = 23°) gefunden wurde. MNDO-Daten und spektroskopische Untersuchungen (IR, 13C-NMR) deuten ebenfalls auf hohe molekulare Beweglichkeit, die vor allem durch die vielfältigen elektronischen Wechselwirkungsmöglichkeiten des Stickstoffatoms verursacht wird.
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  • 92
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1659-1670 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reduction of β-Lactams, I. Reduction of 3,3,3′,3′-Tetramethyl[1,1′-biazetidine]-2,2′-dione with Complex HydridesReduction of the title compound 7 with lithium aluminium hydride leads to four products 8 to 11 in yields depending on the reaction conditions. Compounds 8 to 10 are also obtained from the bicyclic hydrazide 12, isomeric with 7. Therefore, the reduction of 7 and 12 is likely to proceed in part via common intermediates. A reaction scheme is proposed to account for the generation of the products. With other hydride reagents complex reaction mixtures are obtained from 7. The reduction of 7 to 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-biazetidine (13) failed.
    Notes: Die Reduktion der Titelverbindung 7 mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid liefert die vier Produkte 8 - 11 in von den Reaktionsbedingungen abhängigen Mengenverhältnissen. Da die Verbindungen 8 - 10 auch aus dem mit 7 isomeren bicyclischen Hydrazid 12 erhalten werden, muß die Reduktion von 7 und 12 z. T. einheitlich ablaufen. Hierfür wird ein Reaktionsschema vorgeschlagen. Mit anderen Hydridübertragungsreagenizen entstehen aus 7 komplexe Produktgemische. Die Reduktion von 7 zu 3,3,3′,3′-Tetramethyl-1,1′-biazetidin (13) gelang nicht.
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  • 93
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 565-574 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of (Trimethylstannyl)adamantane DerivativesReaction of brominated adamantane compounds with (trimethylstannyl)lithium afforded a series of (trimethylstannyl)adamantane derivatives. Additionally, we found products from fragmentation and reduction reactions which allowed conclusions concerning the mechanisms. Surprisingly high stereoselectivities were observed in most instances. By Wurtz synthesis we obtained 2-adamantyltriphenylstannane.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung bromierter Adamantanverbindungen mit (Trimethylstannyl)lithium lieferte eine Reihe von (Trimethylstannyl)adamantan-Derivaten. Wir fanden zusätzlich Fragmentierungs- und Reduktionsprodukte, die Rückschlüsse auf den Mechanismus zuließen. Überraschend ist die hohe Stereoselektivität der meisten Reaktionen. Durch Wurtz-Synthese wurde auch 2-Adamantyltriphenylstannan erhalten.
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  • 94
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 575-584 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of Substituents on the Valence-tautomeric Equilibrium of 4,8-Substituted HomotropilidenesThe valence-tautomeric equilibrium of 4,8-substituted homotropilidenes 2 - 4 is governed by electronic (preference of a substituent for attachment to a cyclopropyl or an aliphatic carbon atom) and steric factors. The conformational change chair → boat, which precedes the Cope rearrangement of a homotropilidene, cannot take place when both endo-8- and cis-4-substituents are present.
    Notes: Das Valenzgleichgewicht 4,8-substituierter Homotropilidene 2 - 4 wird durch elektronische (Präferenz eines Substituenten für Cyclopropyl- oder aliphatische Verknüpfung) und sterische Faktoren bestimmt. Die der Cope-Umlagerung vorgeschaltete Konformationsänderung Sessel → Boot wird verhindert, wenn das Homotropiliden sowohl in endo-8- wie in cis-4-Stellung substituiert ist.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heterocyclic β-Enamino Esters, 311). Novel 6:7-, 6:8, and 5:6:7-Combinations of Heterocondensed Pyrimidines from Iminophosphoranes of Heterocyclic β-Enamino Esters. - Stable Heterocyclic YlidesWith acetylenic esters the (5-azolylimino)triphenylphosphoranes 10a - d do not show any cyclo-addition tendency, while the (2-thienylimino)triphenylphosphoranes 8a, b yield the stable ylids 13a, b. By treatment with phenyl isocyanate the iminophosphoranes 16a - m, 17, and 18a, b afford the carbodiimides 19a - m, 20, and 21a, b; however, 10b - d give the O-ethylisoureas 24b - d. 19a, b, e, f, h are transformed in aqueous ethanol into 6:7-bicycles, namely into oxepino[2,3-d]pyrimidines 25a, b, e, f, h. With isopropylamine the 2-isopropylamino-6:7-bicycles 31a - c, e - h are formed analogously, while in the case of thiocin 21a the 6:8-bicycle 34 is obtained. The salts 33f, g are formed by treating 19f, g or 25f with aqueous diethylamine. Accordingly, 2-aminoethanol, 3-aminopropanol, and ethylenediamine react with 19a, b, f, l to afford the 2-hydroxy- and 2-aminoalkyl-6:7-bicycles 36a - f; by treatment with hydrazine the 2-hydrazinooxepino- and -thiepino[2,3-d]pyrimidines 38a - h and 39 are obtained, which are converted with functional C1-units into 5:6:7-tricycles 43a - d, 45'a, b.
    Notes: Die (5-Azolylimino)triphenylphosphorane 10a - d zeigen mit Acetylendicarbonsäureestern keine Tendenz zur Cycloaddition, während die (2-Thienylimino)triphenylphosphorane 8a, b, zu den stabilen Yliden 13a, b reagieren. Mit Phenylisocyanat ergeben die Iminophosphorane 16a - m, 17 und 18a, b die Carbodiimide 19a - m, 20 und 21a, b; 10b - d liefern statt dessen die O-Ethylisoharnstoffe 24b - d. In wäßrigem Ethanol werden 19a, b, e, f, h in 6:7-Bicyclen, nämlich in die Oxepino[2,3-d]pyrimidine 25a, b, e, f, h umgewandelt. Mit Isopropylamin bilden sich die 2-Isopropylamino-6:7-Bicyclen 31a - c, e - h und im Fall des Thiocins 21a der 6:8-Bicyclus 34. Die Salze 33f, g entstehen durch Einwirkung von wäßrigem Diethylamin auf 19f, g bzw. auf 25f. 2-Aminoethanol, 3-Aminopropanol und Ethylendiamin ergeben mit 19a, b, f. l analog die 2-Hydroxy- und 2-Aminoalkyl-6:7-Bicyclen 36a - f; mit Hydrazin werden die 2-Hydrazinooxepino- und -thiepino[2,3-d]pyrimidine 38a - h und 39 erhalten, die mit funktionellen C1-Bausteinen zu den 5:6:7-Tricyclen 43a - d, 45'a, b führen.
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  • 96
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 682-693 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Addition of Aldehydes to Activated Double Bonds, XXXIV1). Addition of Aldehydes to Cyclic α-Methylene KetonesThe thiazolium salt-catalyzed addition of aldehydes to the cyclic α-methylene ketones 3, 4, 7, 8, 48, and 49 leads to γ-diketones 9 - 22, 50 - 53; some of them were converted into unsaturated ketones 23 - 28, pyrroles 29 - 34, 37 - 43, and furans 35, 36, 44 - 46. The α-methylene ketones were synthesized by retro Diels-Alder reaction of the corresponding norbornene compounds 1, 2, 5, 6, 47.
    Notes: Die Thiazoliumsalz-katalysierte Addition von Aldehyden an die cyclischen α-Methylenketone 3, 4, 7, 8, 48 und 49 führt zu γ-Diketonen 9 - 22, 50 - 53, aus denen einige ungesättigte Ketone 23 - 28, Pyrrol- 29 - 34, 37 - 43 und Furanderivate 35, 36, 44 - 46 synthetisiert wurden. Die Darstellung der α-Methylenketone erfolgte durch Retrospaltung entsprechender Norbornenderivate 1, 2, 5, 6 und 47.
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  • 97
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 694-701 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Diazadiene als Steuerliganden in der Katalyse, 51). Synthese chiraler Diazadiene R* - N = CR' - CR' = N - R*Die im Prinzip einfache Kondensationsreaktion von Glyoxal (als Hydrat) und 2,3-Butandion mit primären Aminen führt leider bei aliphatischen Aminen mit tertiärem bzw. sekundärem α-Kohlenstoff oftmals zu unerwünschten Additionsprodukten. Unter speziellen Synthesebedingungen können mit (R)-1-Phenylethylamin (1) und (1S,2S,3S,5R)-3-(Aminomethyl)pinan die gewünschten Diimine (Diazadiene (dad): R* - N = CR' - CR' = N - R*, R' = H, CH3) 4, 6 - 8 erhalten werden. Aus (S)-2-Amino-1-butanol (3) werden je nach Dion-Komponente ein Morpholinomorpholin 9 bzw. ein Bioxazolidin 10 gebildet, die von elektronenreichen Metallen in ihrer isomeren Form als Diazadiene gebunden werden ((dad)Mo(CO)4 11 und 12). Die offenkettige dad-Form ist durch O-Silylierung (14, 15) stabilisierbar. Die (dad)Eisen(0)-katalysierte Dimerisierung von Butadien zu 4-Vinyl-1-cyclohexen mit diesen dad-Liganden ergibt Enantiomerenüberschüsse e.e. bis zu 16%.
    Notes: The condensation of glyoxal (as hydrate) or 2,3-butanedione with primary amines is, in principle, a simple reaction. Unfortunately, aliphatic amines with secondary or tertiary α-carbons often give unwanted addition products. Under special reaction conditions the desired diimines (diazadienes (dad): R* - N = CR' - CR' = N - R*, R' = H, CH3) 4, and 6 - 8 are obtained from (R-1-phenyl-ethylamine (1) and (1S,2S,3S,5R)-3-(aminomethyl)pinane (2). Depending on the dione, a morpholinomorpholine 9 and a bioxazolidine 10 are formed from (S)-2-amino-1-butanol (3), which are bound by electron-rich metals in their isomeric dad form ((dad)Mo(CO)4 11 and 12). The acyclic dad structure is stabilized by O-silylation (14, 15). The (dad)iron(0) catalyzed dimerization of butadiene with these controlling ligands to 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene occurs with an enantiomeric excess up to 16%.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Application of High-Resolution Solid State NMR Spectroscopy for the Determination of the Ring-Chain TautomerismThe structure of the benzaldehyde derivatives 1 and 2 showing ring-chain tautomerism was investigated by NMR spectroscopy in the solid state and in solution. Difficulties in preparing single crystals, low solubility, and the presence of solvent in the crystal prevent an X-ray analysis and other spectroscopic methods. The structural problem was solved by C-13 CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy. 2-[2-(Methylamino)ethyl]-3-nitrobenzaldoxime (1) exists in the chain form in the crystal but is in equilibrium with the cyclic isomer in solution. Two different types of crystals were obtained from the aminoethenylbenzaldehyde derivative 2, one of them containing the chain the other the cyclic form of 2. Signal assignments in the solid state result from comparison with the spectra in solution, which have been partially assigned by 2D 1H 13C NMR shift correlation.
    Notes: Die Struktur der Benzaldehyd-Derivate 1 und 2, die Ring-Ketten-Tautomerie zeigen, wird durch NMR-Spektroskopie im festen und gelösten Zustand untersucht. Schwierigkeiten beim Züchten von Einkristallen sowie die Schwerlöslichkeit bzw. die Anwesenheit von Kristallösungsmittel verhinderten die Anwendung der Röntgenstrukturanalyse und anderer spektroskopischer Methoden. Mit Hilfe von C-13-CP-MAS-NMR-Spektren wird das Strukturproblem lösbar. In 2-[2-(Methyl-amino)ethyl]-3-nitrobenzaldoxim (1) liegt im Kristall die offene Form vor, die in Lösung mit dem cyclischen Tautomeren 1b im Gleichgewicht steht. Vom Aminoethenylbenzaldehyd-Derivat 2 lassen sich zwei verschiedene Kristalle gewinnen, in denen alternativ die offene und die cyclische Struktur vorliegt. Zur Signalzuordnung werden die Festkörper-NMR-Spektren mit den z. T. durch 2D-1H-13C-NMR-Verschiebungskorrelation zugeordneten C-13-Spektren verglichen.
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 710-724 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Asymmetric Catalyses, 121). New Optically Active P,N Ligands and Their Use in Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation and HydrosilylationNew P,N-ligands 2, 4 and 5 were prepared by Schiff base condensation of (2-formylphenyl)diphenyl- and tris(2-formylphenyl)phosphane with (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamine and ethylenediamine. (R)-(+)-aminphos (6) was obtained by hydrogenation of the C = N bond in (R)-(+)-iminphos (2). The new imine ligands form stable chelate complexes. The pseudotetrahedral CpFe(CO)[R)-(+)-iminphos]PF6 was separated into the diastereoisomes with respect to the Fe configuration. The square planar Rh[(R)-(+)-iminphos]2X is obtained as a cis/trans mixture. The isolated Rh complexes and the combinations [Rh(COD)Cl]2/2, 4, and 6, respectively, were used as catalysts for the homogeneous hydrogenation of (Z)-α-(acetylamino)cinnamic acid and for the hydrosilylation of acetophenone with diphenysilane. The optical yield of 1-phenyl-ethanol, the product of hydrolysis of the hydrosilylation, increases with increasing ligand excess, decreasing catalyst concentration, and decreasing temperature.
    Notes: Neue P,N-Liganden 2, 4 und 5 wurden durch Schiffbasenkondensation von (2-Formylphenyl)diphenyl- und Tris(2-formylphenyl)phosphan mit (R)-(+)-1-Phenylethylamin und Ethylendiamin dargestellt. (R)-(+)-aminphos (6) wurde durch Hydrierung der C = N-Bindung in (R)-(+)-iminphos (2) erhalten. Die neuen Imin-Liganden bilden stabile Chelatkomplexe. Das pseudotetraedrische CpFe(CO)[(R)-(+)-iminphos]PF6 wurde in die Diastereomeren bezüglich der Fe-Konfiguration getrennt. Das quadratisch-planare Rh[(R)-(+)-iminphos]2X fällt als cis/trans-Gemisch an. Die isolierten Rh-Komplexe und die Kombinationen [Rh(COD)Cl]2/ 2, 4 bzw. 6 wurden als Katalysatoren für die homogene Hydrierung von (Z)-α-(Acetylamino)zimtsäure und für die Hydrosilylierung von Acetophenon mit Diphenylsilan eingesetzt. Die optische Ausbeute an 1-Phenylethanol, dem Hydrolyseprodukt der Hydrosilylierung, steigt mit zunehmendem Ligandenüberschuß, mit abnehmender Katalysatorkonzentration und mit abnehmender Temperatur.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 3021-3033 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Solvolysis of (Z)/(E)-1-Methyl-2-[2-(1-propyn-1-yl)phenyl]vinyl Triflate and 1-Methylene-2-[2-(1-propyn-1-yl)phenyl]ethyl TriflateThe synthesis and solvolysis of the triflates (Z)/(E)-8 and 20 in various solvents are described. The (E)-triflate 8 reacts in trifluoroethanol by rearrangement via the intermediate naphthyl cation 9 to give the naphthyl ether 22 and the naphthyl triflate 24. The identification of 1-bromo-2,3-dimethylnaphthalene (26) after addition of bromide ions to the solvolysis confirms 9 as a reactive intermediate. The (Z)-triflate 8 solvolyses preferably to the elimination product 28, the formation of [(3-methyl-2-naphthyl)methyl] (trifluoroethyl) ether (23), however, can not be explained via the cation 9 as an intermediate. The solvolysis of the triflate 20 leads also to the rearranged products 22 and 23.
    Notes: Die Synthese und Solvolyse der Triflate (Z)/(E)-8 und 20 in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln wird beschrieben. Das (E)-Triflat 8 reagiert in Trifluorethanol bevorzugt unter Umlagerung über das intermediäre Naphthylkation 9 zum Naphthylether 22 und zum Naphthyltriflat 24. Der Nachweis von 1-Brom-2,3-dimethylnaphthalin (26) nach Bromidionenzusatz zur Solvolyse bestätigt 9 als reaktive Zwischenstufe. Das (Z)-Triflat 8 solvolysiert bevorzugt zum Eliminierungsprodukt 28, die Bildung des [(3-Methyl-2-naphthyl)methyl]-(trifluorethyl)-ethers (23) kann jedoch nicht über das Kation 9 als Zwischenstufe erklärt werden. Die Solvolyse des Triflates 20 führt ebenfalls zu den Umlagerungsprodukten 22 und 23.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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