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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 85-90 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Essential hypertension ; beta blockade ; chlorthalidone ; plasma renin activity ; practolol ; propranolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A double blind cross-over trial of fixed doses of propranolol (640 mg/day) and the cardioselective drug practolol (1600 mg/day) was performed in 28 patients with essential hypertension whose blood pressure was not adequately controlled by chlorthalidone (100 mg 3 times weekly) alone. Chlorthalidone alone was given during the first (control) period, and it was continued throughout the propranolol and practolol treatment periods, each of 10 weeks. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lowered significantly by both the beta blocking drugs. The changes in blood pressure caused by altering the patient's position were the same after both beta blockers. Propranolol produced slightly lower values than practolol, but the difference was significant only for diastolic blood pressure in the sitting and supine positions. In individual patients the final blood pressure after propranolol was correlated with the final blood pressure after practolol. Only minimal side-effects of either drug were noticed. It is concluded that the doses employed both of propranolol and practolol had a good and approximately equal antihypertensive effect when combined with chlorthalidone treatment. There was no correlation between the final blood pressure and plasma renin activity.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 307-311 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Ro 23-6152 ; Essential hypertension ; calcium entry blocker ; blood pressure ; cardiac output ; peripheral resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a double blind study 8 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension received in random order single oral doses of placebo and 10, 30 and 80 mg Ro 23-6152, a novel calcium entry blocker, on 4 different days. Patients were assessed 15 min before dosing and at several time intervals over the following 6 h. Ro 23-6152 30 and 80 mg induced a significant decrease (mean maximum 7 mmHg·l−1·min−1) in total peripheral resistance, while cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate were slightly increased (mean maximum 0.5 l·min−1, 10 ml, 5 beats·min−1, respectively) but not significantly so. Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly (5 to 10 mm Hg) from 0.5 to 6 h after the 80 mg dose. After the 10 and 30 mg doses the decreases in systolic pressure were not significant. Diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure were non-significantly decreased (mean maximum 7 mm Hg) after all doses. The PQ interval was also non-significantly increased by no more than 20 ms. It appears that the main hemodynamic effect of Ro 23-6152 in hypertensive patients is a decrease in peripheral resistance. The antihypertensive effect, at least in this short term study, was only modest, probably because the fall in peripheral resistance was partly compensated by an increase in cardiac output.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: enalapril ; hypertension ; converting enzyme inhibition ; chlorthalidone ; sodium depletion ; blood pressure output ; extracellular fluid volume ; renin ; aldosterone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 12 patients with essential hypertension who remained hypertensive despite chronic chlorthalidone treatment, the effect of 2 weeks of additional therapy with the converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) enalapril on blood pressure and body fluid volumes has been evaluated. The objective was to examine the influence of a diuretic-stimulated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) on haemodynamics and body fluid volume. Mean arterial pressure (MAP −21%), total peripheral resistance index (TPRI −22%) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC −39%) were decreased, and plasma renin activity (PRA 660%) was increased. The average heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), plasma volume (PV), blood volume (BV), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and body weight (BW) remained unchanged. A negative correlation was found between the per cent changes in ECFV and PAC. Thus, body fluid volumes during chronic diuretic treatment are well preserved even when the RAAS with its sodium retaining properties is suppressed by CEI. Possible mechanisms are a volume (not angiotensin II) — dependent stimulation of aldosterone and a fall in blood pressure.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1986), S. 511-516 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: enalapril ; propranolol ; essential hypertension ; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 40 patients with essential hypertension, enalapril was compared with propranolol as an antihypertensive agent in a double-blind study. The patients were randomly given either enalapril 5–10–20 mg bid or propranolol 40–80–120 mg bid in a treatment consisting of step-by-step increases in dosage. When the diastolic blood pressure remained 〉90 mm Hg on the highest dosage, hydrochlorothiazide was added. Both enalapril and propranolol reduced blood pressure, although the patients tended to achieve lower blood pressures while on enalapril. More patients on propranolol required additional diuretic therapy than patients on enalapril. Propranolol reduced heart rate; with enalapril there were no changes in heart rate. Both drugs increased serum potassium and urea. Plasma renin substrate was reduced by enalapril, but raised by propranolol. Enalapril increased plasma renin activity and angiotensin I, while propranolol reduced both. Converting enzyme activity was lowered with enalapril but was unchanged with propranolol. Both drugs reduced angiotensin II. Plasma aldosterone concentration was more suppressed with propranolol than with enalapril.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 195-197 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) ; lithium ; renal sodium handling ; renal haemodynamics ; infusion ; injection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 7 healthy humans consuming a 170 mmol sodium diet the effect of the mode of administration of atrial natriuretic factor (human ANF 99–126) on renal function has been investigated, using conventional clearance studies during maximal water diuresis. ANF was administered as four repeated bolus (0.4 µg/kg) injections and, after a 2-day interval, as a one-hour infusion (0.02 µg/kg/min) preceded by a 0.4 µg/kg bolus injection. In the two experiments ANF caused comparable elevations in glomerular filtration rate, free water clearance, and lithium excretion. No change in blood pressure or heart rate was observed in either study, and plasma renin activity and aldosterone fell by a similar extent. As expected, the time course of plasma ANF concentrations was markedly different during the two studies. It is concluded that with those doses of ANF the changes in renal haemodynamics and sodium handling were essentially similar after bolus injections and a constant infusion.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 19 (1981), S. 107-112 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: chlorthalidone ; essential hypertension ; haemodynamics ; plasma renin activity ; plasma aldosterone ; urinary noradrenaline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The short- and long-term effects of diuretic treatment with chlorthalidone 50 mg/day on haemodynamic and hormonal parameters in patients with essential hypertension (WHO grade I) were investigated. After three days of treatment, all patients showed a rise in plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA), urinary norepinephrine excretion (UNE) and heart rate (HR), and a decrease in body weight (BW) and extracellular volume (ECV) and blood volume (BV); the change in blood pressure (BP) was variable. The changes in BP were correlated with those in BV. After three months of therapy, the signs of volume depletion tended to fade, but the lower ECV persisted. In contrast to the 4-day study, after three months the change in BP correlated inversely with changes in ECV and renin dependency (saralasin response), and positively with PRA and changes in UNE. It is concluded that the BP response to diuretic treatment is determined by the adaptation with time of the haemodynamic reactions to the volume-depleted state. Whether this adaptation will take place cannot be predicted from the control values of the parameters studied, or from acute changes observed during the first days of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 11-16 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: lisinopril ; hypertension ; converting enzyme inhibition ; serum drug concentratoin ; blood pressure ; renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lisinopril (MK521), a lysine analogue of enalaprilic acid, the bioactive metabolite of enalapril, has a longer half-life than enalaprilic acid, and is excreted unchanged in the urine. Its kinetic profile and antihypertensive and hormonal effects have been investigated in an open study in 3 groups each of 6 hypertensive patients, with normal, moderate and severe impairment of renal function. Serum drug level, blood pressure, converting enzyme activity (CEA), plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone concentration (PAC), and serum potassium and creatinine were measured during 1 week following a single oral dose and subsequently following 8 daily doses of 5 mg lisinopril. Accumulation of lisinopril was found in the severe renal failure group. CEA was suppressed to less than 10% of its initial value from 4 to 24 h after the initial dose in all three groups, and the suppression was more marked and lasted longer in patients with severe renal failure. An inverse correlation was found in all patients between log serum lisinopril concentration and log CEA. Lisinopril lowered blood pressure in all three groups over 24 h. PRA rose and PAC fell similarly in the groups. Serum potassium increased in the renal failure groups and creatinine remained unchanged in all groups. Thus, when lisinopril 5 mg is given daily to patients with severe renal failure it may accumulate. The high serum lisinopril concentration does not cause an excessive antihypertensive effect. In patients with severe renal failure, adjustment of the dose or the dosing frequency to the degree of renal failure is recommended to avoid administration of doses in excess of those required to achieve adequate inhibition of converting enzyme.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 604 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 693 (1982), S. 444-450 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Friend erythroleukemia cells) ; Differentiation ; Glycoprotein ; Plasma membrane
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Enzymology & Biological Oxidation 128 (1966), S. 400-402 
    ISSN: 0926-6593
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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