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Blackening of Pompeian Cinnabar paintings: X-ray micro-spectroscopy analysis (2007)

Cotte, M. ; Susini, J. ; Métrich, N. ; [weitere]

American Chemical Society

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: Red Pompeian paintings, very famous for their deep intensity, are currently suffering from darkening. The origins of this darkening degradation are not clearly identified yet and remain a major issue for curators. In the specific case of cinnabar (HgS)-based red pigment, a photoinduced conversion into black metacinnabar is usually suspected. This work is focused on the blackening of red cinnabar paintings coated on a sparry calcite mortar. Different samples exhibiting different levels of degradation were selected upon visual observations and analyzed by synchrotron-based microanalytical techniques. Atomic and molecular compositions of the different debased regions revealed two possible degradation mechanisms. On one hand, micro X-ray fluorescence elemental maps show peculiar distributions of chlorine and sulfur. On the other hand, X-ray absorption spectroscopy performed at both Cl and S K-edges confirms the presence of characteristic degradation products: (i) Hg- Cl compounds (e.g., corderoite, calomel, and terlinguaite), which may result from the reaction with exogenous NaCl, in gray areas; (ii) gypsum, produced by the calcite sulfation, in black coatings. Metacinnabar is never detected. Finally, a cross section was analyzed to map the in-depth alteration gradient. Reduced and oxidized sulfur distributions reveal that the sulfated black coating consists of a 5-ím-thick layer covering intact cinnabar.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 7484-7492

Beschreibung: reserved

Schlagwort(e): Microspectroscopy Analysis ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Evidence of seismic deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus at Tindari (NE, Sicily) (2008)

Bottari, C. ; Bottari, A. ; Carveni, P. ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: Most of the ancient town of Tindari (NE, Sicily) was settled on a plateau the most surficial layer of which was made of unconsolidated material. Ongoing excavations at the archaeological site at Tindari uncovered a large portion of the decumanus which suffered deformations preliminarily assigned to coseismic effects. An analysis of the local dynamic response through the simulation of strong seismic shaking to the bedrock and modelling of spectral ratios of the bedrock-soft soil was carried out to verify the susceptibility of superficial terrains of the promontory to coseismic deformations. To perform this simulation the finite element method (FEM) was used. Four accelerometric recordings of three earthquakes of medium-high magnitude, recorded on rocky sites, were chosen to simulate the seismic shaking, using a constitutive law for the materials composing the promontory layers both of linear-elastic type and of elastoplastic type. The analysis of the linear-elastic field allowed the definition of the frequencies for which the spectral ratios of the accelerations recorded the highest amplifications; in particular the frequency range 31.5–37.2 Hz can be combined with deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus. The analysis in the elastoplastic field highlighted the zones of promontory more susceptible to suffer plasticization process. The results show that the topmost layer of the decumanus is the most susceptible to suffer plasticization. Therefore, the performed analysis lends greater support to the hypothesis that the deformations were produced by seismic shaking.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 213-222

Beschreibung: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: reserved

Schlagwort(e): Fourier analysis ; Elasticity and anelasticity ; Earthquake ground motions ; Site effects ; Computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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3

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Tectonic features of the Lipari–Vulcano complex (Aeolian archipelago, Italy) from 10 years (1996–2006) of GPS data (2008)

Mattia, M. ; Palano, M. ; Bruno, V. ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: The tectonic deformation of the Lipari-Vulcano complex, one of the most important active volcanic areas of Mediterranean region, is studied here through the analysis of ten years (1996-2006) of GPS data from both 3 permanent and 13 non-permanent stations. This area can be considered crucial for the understanding of the Eurasia-Africa plates interaction in the Mediterranean area, and, in general, this work emphasize a methodological approach, already applied in other areas worldwide (e.g. Shen et al., 1996, El-Fiki and Kato, 1999) where geodetic data and strain parameters maps of critical areas can help to improve our understanding of their geodynamical aspects. In this framework, this study is aimed at providing a kinematic deformation model on the basis of the dense geodetically estimated velocities of the Lipari-Vulcano complex. In particular, the observed deformation pattern can be described by a mix between 1) the main N-S regional compression and 2) a NNE-SSW compression with a small right-lateral strike slip component acting along a tectonic structure N°40W trending located between the two islands. This pattern was inspected through a simplified synthetic model.

Beschreibung: This research has benefited from funding provided by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri – Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC).

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 370–377

Beschreibung: 1.9. TTC - Rete GPS nazionale

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: reserved

Schlagwort(e): GPS ; Aeolian Islands ; strain ; modelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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4

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P-wave propagation heterogeneity and earthquake location in the Mediterranean region (2008)

Piromallo, C. ; Morelli, A.

Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-03

Beschreibung: We analyse P-wave traveltimes for the Mediterranean area, using both teleseismic and regional arrivals for shallow earthquakes reported in the Bulletins of the International Seismological Centre. We model delays between pairs of 0.5° × 0.5° cells, obtaining a detailed representation of the P traveltime heterogeneities. Examination of these anomalies shows the clear presence of geographically coherent patterns—consistent with known geological features—due to significant structure in the upper mantle. We present a scheme, based on an empirical heterogeneity correction (EHC) to P-wave traveltimes, to improve earthquake location. This method provides similar benefits to those of a location procedure based on ray tracing in a 3-D model, but it is simpler and computationally more efficient. The definition of the traveltime heterogeneity model, being based on a statistical procedure, bypasses most of the critical points and possible instabilities involved in model inversion. EHC relocation, applied to Mediterranean earthquakes, allows one to predict about 70 per cent of the estimated signal due to heterogeneity and produces epicentral and origin time-shifts of, respectively, 4.22 km and 0.35 s (rms). From a synthetic experiment, in which we use the proposed algorithm to retrieve known source locations, we estimate that the rms improvement achieved by the EHC relocation over a simpler, standard, 1-D location is more than 20 per cent for both epicentral mislocation and origin time-shifts.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 232-254

Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: reserved

Schlagwort(e): earthquake location ; Mediterranean ; P waves ; traveltime ; upper mantle ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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5

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New results of 40Ar/39Ar dating constrain the timing of transition from fissure-type to central volcanism at Mount Etna (Italy) (2008)

De Beni, E. ; Wijbrans, J. R. ; Branca, S. ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: Recent geological studies performed at Etna allow reassessing the stratigraphic frame of the volcano where distinct evolutionary phases are defined. This stratigraphic reconstruction was chronologically constrained on the basis of a limited number of U–Th and K–Ar age determinations whose uncertainty margins are sometimes too wide. For this reason, we successfully adopted at Etna the 40Ar/39Ar technique that allowed obtaining more precise age determinations. The incremental heating technique also gives information on sample homogeneity, and potential problems of trapped argon. Five samples were collected from stratigraphically well-controlled volcanic units in order to chronologically define the transition between the fissure-type volcanism of the Timpe phase to the central volcanism of the Valle del Bove Centers. Isotopic ages with an uncertainty margin of 2–4% have been obtained emphasizing that this transition occurred (130– 126 ka) without significant temporal hiatus.

Beschreibung: University of Catania grants (COFIN- 2002, resp. F. Lentini); CNR-IDPA and INGV-Sezione di Catania grants.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 292-298

Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: reserved

Schlagwort(e): 40Ar/39Ar dating ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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6

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Methane seepage in an urban development area (Bacau, Romania): origin, extent, and hazard (2008)

Baciu, C. ; Etiope, G. ; Cuna, S. ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: The paper describes a case of a natural emission of methane from soil in an urban development area, generating a significant risk for the local population and buildings, due to gas explosiveness and asphyxiation potential. The site is located on the south-western margin of the East-European Platform in eastern Romania, in a hydrocarbon-prone area crossed by the Pericarpathian lineament and regional faults. Molecular composition of gas and stable isotopic analyses of methane (CH4〉90%, δ to the power of 13 C1: -49.4‰, δD1: -173.4‰) indicate a dominant thermogenic origin, with significant amounts of C2-C5 alkanes (~5%), likely migrating through faults from a deep reservoir. Possible candidates are the Saucesti and Secuieni gas fields, located in the same petroleum system. Two surface geochemical surveys, based on closed-chamber flux measurements, were performed to assess the degassing intensity and the extent of the affected area. Methane fluxes from soil reach orders of 10 to the power of 4 mg m to the power of -2 day to the power of -1. Gas seepage mainly occurs in one zone 30 000 m2 wide, and it is likely controlled by channeling along a fault and gas accumulation in permeable sediments and shallow subsoil. The estimated total CH4 emission is about 40 t year to the power of -1 CH4, of which 8–9 t year to the power of -1 are naturally released from soil and 30–35 t year to the power of -1 are emitted from shallow boreholes. These wells have likely channeled the gas accumulated in shallow alluvial sediment but gas flux from soil is still high and mitigation measures are needed to reduce the risk for humans and buildings.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 311-320

Beschreibung: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: reserved

Schlagwort(e): gas hazard ; methane seepage ; soil degassing ; thermogenic gas ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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New evidence for a mixed inorganic and organic origin of the Olympic Chimaera fire (Turkey): a large onshore seepage of abiogenic gas (2008)

Hosgormez, H. ; Etiope, G. ; Yalçin, N.

Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: The Chimaera gas seep, near Antalya (SW Turkey), has been continuously active for thousands of years and it is known to be the source of the first Olympic fire in the Hellenistic period. New and thorough molecular and isotopic analyses including methane (approximately 87% v/v; δ to the power of 13 C1 from -7.9‰ to -12.3‰; δ to the power of 13 D1 from -119‰ to -124‰), light alkanes (C2 + C3 + C4 + C5 = 0.5%; C6+: 0.07%; δ to the power of 13 C2 from -24.2‰ to -26.5‰; δ to the power of 13 C3 from -25.5‰ to -27‰), hydrogen (7.5–11%), carbon dioxide (0.01–0.07%; δ to the power of 13 CCO2: -15‰), helium (approximately 80 ppmv; R/Ra: 0.41) and nitrogen (2–4.9%; δ to the power of 15 N from -2‰ to -2.8‰) converge to indicate that the seep releases a mixture of organic thermogenic gas, related to mature type III kerogen occurring in Palaeozoic and Mesozoic organic-rich sedimentary rocks, and abiogenic gas produced by low-temperature serpentinization in the Tekirova ophiolitic unit. Methane is not related to mantle or magma degassing. The abiogenic fraction accounts for about half of the total gas released, which is estimated to be well beyond 50 ton year to the power of -1. Ophiolites and limestones are in contact along a tectonic dislocation leading to gas mixing and migration to the Earth’s surface. Chimaera represents the biggest emission of abiogenic methane on land discovered so far. Deep and pressurized gas accumulations are necessary to sustain the Chimaera gas flow for thousands of years and are likely to have been charged by an active inorganic source.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 263-273

Beschreibung: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: reserved

Schlagwort(e): abiogenic methane ; isotopic composition ; ophiolites ; seep ; serpentinization ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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8

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Multiple hydro-fracturing by boron-rich fluids in the Late Miocene contact aureole of eastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy) (2008)

Dini, A. ; Mazzarini, F. ; Musumeci, G. ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: In eastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy), a shallow crustal level felsic, tourmaline-bearing, dyke-sill swarm of Late Miocene age is associated with abundant tourmaline-quartz hydrothermal veins and metasomatic masses. Development of these veins and masses in the host rocks demonstrates multiple hydro-fracturing by magmatic, boron-rich saline fluid. Tourmalines in felsic dykes are schorl, whereas in veins and metasomatic masses, tourmaline composition ranges from schorl-dravite through dravite to uvite. This compositional shift is evidence for an increasing contribution to the magmatic boron-rich fluids by a Mg-Ca-Ti-rich external component represented by biotite-rich and amphibolite host rocks. This system can be envisaged as an exposed proxy of the high temperature hydrothermal system presently active in the deepest part of the Larderello-Travale geothermal field (Tuscany).

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 318-326

Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra

Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: reserved

Schlagwort(e): Hydro-fractures ; geothermal systems ; Magmatism ; southern Tuscany ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Optimised use of data fusion and memory‐based learning with an Austrian soil library for predictions with infrared data (2023)

Ludwig, Bernard ; Greenberg, Isabel ; Vohland, Michael ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-12

Beschreibung: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Infrared spectroscopy in the visible to near‐infrared (vis–NIR) and mid‐infrared (MIR) regions is a well‐established approach for the prediction of soil properties. Different data fusion and training approaches exist, and the optimal procedures are yet undefined and may depend on the heterogeneity present in the set and on the considered scale. The objectives were to test the usefulness of partial least squares regressions (PLSRs) for soil organic carbon (SOC), total carbon (C〈sub〉t〈/sub〉), total nitrogen (N〈sub〉t〈/sub〉) and pH using vis–NIR and MIR spectroscopy for an independent validation after standard calibration (use of a general PLSR model) or using memory‐based learning (MBL) with and without spiking for a national spectral database. Data fusion approaches were simple concatenation of spectra, outer product analysis (OPA) and model averaging. In total, 481 soils from an Austrian forest soil archive were measured in the vis–NIR and MIR regions, and regressions were calculated. Fivefold calibration‐validation approaches were carried out with a region‐related split of spectra to implement independent validations with n ranging from 47 to 99 soils in different folds. MIR predictions were generally superior over vis–NIR predictions. For all properties, optimal predictions were obtained with data fusion, with OPA and spectra concatenation outperforming model averaging. The greatest robustness of performance was found for OPA and MBL with spiking with 〈italic toggle="no"〉R〈/italic〉〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 ≥ 0.77 (N), 0.85 (SOC), 0.86 (pH) and 0.88 (C〈sub〉t〈/sub〉) in the validations of all folds. Overall, the results indicate that the combination of OPA for vis–NIR and MIR spectra with MBL and spiking has a high potential to accurately estimate properties when using large‐scale soil spectral libraries as reference data. However, the reduction of cost‐effectiveness using two spectrometers needs to be weighed against the potential increase in accuracy compared to a single MIR spectroscopy approach.〈/p〉

Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

Schlagwort(e): ddc:631.4 ; data fusion ; independent validation ; infrared spectroscopy ; MBL ; nitrogen ; outer product analysis ; pH ; soil organic carbon ; spiking ; total carbon

Sprache: Englisch

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Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Nanodevices Based on Fe3O4 Coated by Megluminic Ligands for the Adsorption of Metal Anions from Water (2023)

Scurti, Stefano ; Dattilo, Sandro ; Gintsburg, David ; [weitere]

American Chemical Society

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-16

Beschreibung: The uptake ability toward arsenic(V), chromium(VI), and boron(III) ions of ad hoc functionalized magnetic nanostructured devices has been investigated. To this purpose, ligands based on meglumine have been synthesized and used to coat magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) obtained by the co-precipitation methodology. The as-prepared hybrid material was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Moreover, its magnetic hysteresis properties were measured to evaluate its magnetic properties, and the adsorption kinetics and isothermal models were applied to discern between the different adsorption phenomena. Specifically, the better fitting was observed by the Langmuir isotherm model for all metal ions tested, highlighting a higher uptake in arsenic (28.2 mg/g), chromium (12.3 mg/g), and boron (23.7 mg/g) sorption values if compared with other magnetic nanostructured materials. After adsorption, an external magnetic stimulus can be used to efficiently remove nanomaterials from the water. Finally the nanomaterial can be reused up to five cycles and regenerated for another three cycles.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 10775–10788

Beschreibung: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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11

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Vertical SOC distribution and aromatic carbon in centuries old charcoal‐rich Technosols (2022)

Bonhage, Alexander ; Raab, Thomas ; Schneider, Anna ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-21

Beschreibung: Charcoal‐rich Technosols on century‐old relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are the subject of ongoing research regarding potential legacy effects that result from historic charcoal production and subsequent charcoal amendments on forest soil properties and forest ecosystems today. RCHs consist mostly of Auh horizons that are substantially enriched in soil organic carbon (SOC), of which the largest part seems to be of pyrogenic origin (PyC). However, the reported range of SOC and PyC contents in RCH soil also suggests that they are enriched in nonpyrogenic SOC. RCH soils are discussed as potential benchmarks for the long‐term influence of biochar amendment and the post‐wildfire influences on soil properties. In this study, we utilised a large soil sample dataset (n = 1245) from 52 RCH sites in north‐western Connecticut, USA, to quantify SOC contents by total element analysis. The contents of condensed highly aromatic carbon as a proxy for black carbon (BC) were predicted by using a modified benzene polycarboxylated acid (BPCA) marker method in combination with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy‐based partial least square regression (r2 = 0.89). A high vertical spatial sampling resolution allowed the identification of soil organic matter (SOM) enrichment and translocation processes. The results show an average 75% and 1862% increase in TOC and BPCA‐derived carbon, respectively, for technogenic Auh horizons compared to reference soils. In addition to an increase in aromatic properties, increased carboxylic properties of the RCH SOC suggest self‐humification effects of degrading charcoal and thereby the continuing formation of leachable aromatic carbon compounds, which could have effects on pedogenic processes in buried soils. Indeed, we show BPCA‐derived carbon concentrations in intermediate technogenic Cu horizons and buried top/subsoils that suggest vertical translocation of highly aromatic carbon originating in RCH Auh horizons. Topmost Auh horizons showed a gradual decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) contents with increasing depth, suggesting accumulation of recent, non‐pyrogenic SOM. Lower aliphatic absorptions in RCH soil spectra suggest different SOM turnover dynamics compared to reference soils. Furthermore, studied RCH soils featured additional TOC enrichment, which cannot be fully explained now. Highlights BC to TOC ratio and high resolution vertical SOC distribution in 52 RCH sites were studied. RCH soils non‐BC pool was potentially different to reference soils. RCH soils feature TOC accumulation in the topmost horizon. There is BC translocation into buried soils on RCH sites.

Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

Schlagwort(e): ddc:631.4 ; benzene polycarboxylated acid marker (BPCA) ; black carbon ; charcoal degradation ; charcoal kiln ; pyrogenic carbon ; relict charcoal hearth ; biochar

Sprache: Englisch

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Alkali Metal- and Acid-Catalyzed Interconversion of Goniodomin A with Congeners B and C (2021)

Harris, Constance M. ; Krock, Bernd ; Tillmann, Urban ; [weitere]

American Chemical Society

In: EPIC3Journal of Natural Products, American Chemical Society, 84(9), pp. 2554-2567, ISSN: 0163-3864

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-03-13

Beschreibung: Goniodomin A (GDA, 1) is a phycotoxin produced by at least four species of Alexandrium dinoflagellates that are found globally in brackish estuaries and lagoons. It is a linear polyketide with six oxygen heterocyclic rings that is cyclized into a macrocyclic structure via lactone formation. Two of the oxygen heterocycles in 1 comprise a spiro-bis-pyran, whereas goniodomin B (GDB) contains a 2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ring system fused to a pyran. When H2O is present, 1 undergoes facile conversion to isomer GDB and to an α,β-unsaturated ketone, goniodomin C (GDC, 7). GDB and GDC can be formed from GDA by cleavage of the spiro-bis-pyran ring system. GDA, but not GDB or GDC, forms a crown ether-type complex with K+. Equilibration of GDA with GDB and GDC is observed in the presence of H+ and of Na+, but the equilibrated mixtures revert to GDA upon addition of K+. Structural differences have been found between the K+ and Na+ complexes. The association of GDA with K+ is strong, while that with Na+ is weak. The K+ complex has a compact, well-defined structure, whereas Na+ complexes are an ill-defined mixture of species. Analyses of in vitro A. monilatum and A. hiranoi cultures indicate that only GDA is present in the cells; GDB and GDC appear to be postharvest transformation products.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Materialart: Article , isiRev

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Potential erodibility of semi‐arid steppe soils derived from aggregate stability tests (2022)

Koza, Moritz ; Pöhlitz, Julia ; Prays, Aleksey ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-26

Beschreibung: Erosion is a severe threat to the sustainable use of agricultural soils. However, the structural resistance of soil against the disruptive forces steppe soils experience under field conditions has not been investigated. Therefore, 132 topsoils under grass‐ and cropland covering a large range of physico‐chemical soil properties (sand: 2–76%, silt: 18–80%, clay: 6–30%, organic carbon: 7.3–64.2 g kg−1, inorganic carbon: 0.0–8.5 g kg−1, pH: 4.8–9.5, electrical conductivity: 32–946 μS cm−1) from northern Kazakhstan were assessed for their potential erodibility using several tests. An adjusted drop‐shatter method (low energy input of 60 Joule on a 250‐cm3 soil block) was used to estimate the stability of dry soil against weak mechanical forces, such as saltating particles striking the surface causing wind erosion. Three wetting treatments with various conditions and energies (fast wetting, slow wetting, and wet shaking) were applied to simulate different disruptive effects of water. Results indicate that aggregate stability was higher for grassland than cropland soils and declined with decreasing soil organic carbon content. The results of the drop‐shatter test suggested that 29% of the soils under cropland were at risk of wind erosion, but only 6% were at high risk (i.e. erodible fraction 〉60%). In contrast, the fast wetting treatment revealed that 54% of the samples were prone to become “very unstable” and 44% “unstable” during heavy rain or snowmelt events. Even under conditions comparable to light rain events or raindrop impact, 53–59% of the samples were “unstable.” Overall, cropland soils under semi‐arid conditions seem much more susceptible to water than wind erosion. Considering future projections of increasing precipitation in Kazakhstan, we conclude that the risk of water erosion is potentially underestimated and needs to be taken into account when developing sustainable land use strategies. Highlights Organic matter is the important binding agent enhancing aggregation in steppe topsoils. Tillage always declines aggregate stability even without soil organic carbon changes. All croplands soil are prone to wind or water erosion independent of their soil properties. Despite the semi‐arid conditions, erosion risk by water seems higher than by wind.

Beschreibung: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347

Schlagwort(e): ddc:631.4 ; climate change ; land use ; soil organic carbon ; soil texture ; water erosion ; wind erosion

Sprache: Englisch

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Non‐exchangeable stable hydrogen isotope ratios in clay minerals and soil clay fractions: A method test (2022)

Merseburger, Stefan ; Kessler, Arnim ; Oelmann, Yvonne ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-20

Beschreibung: Stable hydrogen isotope ratios (δ2H values) in structural hydroxyl groups of pedogenic clay minerals are inherited from the surrounding water at the time of their formation. Only non‐exchangeable H preserves the environmental forensic and paleoclimate information (δ2Hn value). To measure δ2Hn values in structural H of clay minerals and soil clay fractions, we adapted a steam equilibration method by accounting for high hygroscopicity. Our δ2Hn values for USGS57 biotite (−95.3 ± SD 0.9‰) and USGS58 muscovite (30.7 ± 1.4‰) differed slightly but significantly from the reported δ2H values (−91.5 ± 2.4‰ and −28.4 ± 1.6‰), because the minerals contained 1.1%–4.4% of exchangeable H. The low SD of replicate measurements (n = 3) confirmed a high precision. The clay separation method including destruction of Fe oxides, carbonates and soil organic matter, and dispersion did not significantly change the δ2Hn values of five different clay minerals. However, we were unable to remove all organic matter from the soil clay fractions resulting in an estimated bias of 1‰ in two samples and 15‰ in the carbon‐richest sample. Our results demonstrate that δ2Hn values of structural H of clay minerals and soil clay fractions can be reliably measured without interference from atmospheric water and the method used to separate the soil clay fraction. Highlights We tested steam equilibration to determine stable isotope ratios of structural H in clay. Gas‐tight capsule sealing in Ar atmosphere was necessary to avoid remoistening. Our steam equilibration method showed a high accuracy and precision. The clay separation method did not change stable isotope ratios of structural H in clay.

Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

Schlagwort(e): ddc:549 ; controlled isotope exchange technique ; deuterium ; montmorillonite ; soil clay separation ; soil organic matter removal ; steam equilibration ; structural H ; USGS57 biotite ; vermiculite ; δ2H

Sprache: Englisch

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Importance of catchment hydrological processes and calibration of hydrological‐hydrodynamic rainfall‐runoff models in small rural catchments (2023)

David, Amrei ; Rodriguez, Ernesto Ruiz ; Schmalz, Britta ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-19

Beschreibung: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉In recent years, many two‐dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic models have been extended to include the direct rainfall method (DRM). This allows their application as a hydrological‐hydrodynamic model for the determination of floodplains in one model system. In previous studies on DRM, the role of catchment hydrological processes (CaHyPro) and its interaction with the calibration process was not investigated in detail. In the present, case‐oriented study, the influence of the spatiotemporal distribution of the processes precipitation and runoff formation in combination with the 2D model HEC‐RAS is investigated. In a further step, a conceptual approach for event‐based interflow is integrated. The study is performed on the basis of a single storm event in a small rural catchment (low mountain range, 38 km〈sup〉2〈/sup〉) in Hesse (Germany). The model results are evaluated against six quality criteria and compared to a simplified baseline model. Finally, the calibrated improved model is contrasted with a calibrated baseline model. The results show the enhancement of the model results due to the integration of the CaHyPro and highlight its interplay with the calibrated model parameters.〈/p〉

Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.48 ; 2D hydrodynamic modeling ; calibration ; direct rainfall modeling ; hydrological processes ; radar data ; runoff formation

Sprache: Englisch

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Redoxtrons – An experimental system to study redox processes within the capillary fringe (2023)

Dorau, Kristof ; Uteau, Daniel ; Maisch, Markus ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-18

Beschreibung: Spatiotemporal characterisation of the soil redox status within the capillary fringe (CF) is a challenging task. Air‐filled porosities (ε), oxygen concentration (O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) and soil redox potential (EH) are interrelated soil variables within active biogeochemical domains such as the CF. We investigated the impact of water table (WT) rise and drainage in an undisturbed topsoil and subsoil sample taken from a Calcaric Gleysol for a period of 46 days. We merged 1D (EH and matric potential) and 2D (O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) systems to monitor at high spatiotemporal resolution redox dynamics within self‐constructed redoxtron housings and complemented the data set by a 3D pore network characterization using X‐ray microtomography (X‐ray μCT). Depletion of O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 was faster in the organic matter‐ and clay‐rich aggregated topsoil and the CF extended 〉10 cm above the artificial WT. The homogeneous and less‐aggregated subsoil extended only 4 cm above the WT as indicated by ε–O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉–EH data during saturation. After drainage, 2D O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 imaging revealed a fast aeration towards the lower depths of the topsoil, which agrees with the connected ε derived by X‐ray μCT (ε〈sub〉CT_conn〈/sub〉) of 14.9% of the total porosity. However, small‐scaled anoxic domains with O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 saturation 〈5% were apparent even after lowering the WT (down to 0.25 cm〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 in size) for 23 days. These domains remained a nucleus for reducing soil conditions (E〈sub〉H〈/sub〉 〈 −100 mV), which made it challenging to characterise the soil redox status in the CF. In contrast, the subsoil aeration reached O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 saturation after 8 days for the complete soil volume. Values of ε〈sub〉CT_conn〈/sub〉 around zero in the subsoil highlighted that soil aeration was independent of this parameter suggesting that other variables such as microbial activity must be considered when predicting the soil redox status from ε alone. The use of redoxtrons in combination with localised redox‐measurements and image based pore space analysis resulted in a better 2D/3D characterisation of the pore system and related O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 transport properties. This allowed us to analyse the distribution and activity of microbiological niches highly associated with the spatiotemporal variable redox dynamics in soil environments. Highlights: The time needed to turn from reducing to oxidising (period where all platinum electrodes feature E〈sub〉H〈/sub〉 〉 300 mV) condition differ for two samples with contrasting soil structure. The subsoil with presumably low O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 consumption rates aerated considerably faster than the topsoil and exclusively by O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 diffusion through medium‐ and fine‐sized pores. To derive the soil redox status based upon the triplet ε–O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉–E〈sub〉H〈/sub〉 is challenging at present in heterogeneous soil domains and larger soil volumes than 250 cm〈sup〉3〈/sup〉. Undisturbed soil sampling along with 2D/3D redox measurement systems (e.g., redoxtrons) improve our understanding of redox dynamics within the capillary fringe.

Schlagwort(e): ddc:631.4 ; environmental monitoring ; incubation experiments ; redox processes ; soil reducing conditions ; undisturbed soil ; X‐ray microtomography

Sprache: Englisch

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The dilemma of analytical method changes for soil organic carbon in long‐term experiments (2023)

Grahmann, Kathrin ; Zwink, Mariam ; Barkusky, Dietmar ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-17

Beschreibung: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈sec xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="ejss13362-sec-1003" xml:lang="en"〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Long‐term experiments (LTEs) have provided data to modellers and agronomists to investigate changes and dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) under different cropping systems. As treatment changes have occurred due to agricultural advancements, so too have analytical soil methods. This may lead to method bias over time, which could affect the robust interpretation of data and conclusions drawn. This study aims to quantify differences in SOC due to changes in dry combustion methods over time, using soil samples of a LTE established in 1963 that focuses on mineral and organic fertilizer management in the temperate zone of Northeast Germany. For this purpose, 1059 soil samples, collected between 1976 and 2008, have been analysed twice, once with their historical laboratory method right after sampling, and a second time in 2016 when all samples were analysed using the same elementary analyser. In 9 of 11 soil sampling campaigns, a paired 〈italic toggle="no"〉t〈/italic〉‐test provided evidence for significant differences in the historical SOC values when compared with the re‐analysed concentrations of the same LTE sample. In the sampling years 1988 and 2004, the historical analysis obtained about 0.9 g kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 lower SOC compared with the re‐analysed one. For 1990 and 1998, this difference was about 0.4 g kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. Correction factors, an approach often used to correct for different analytical techniques, could only be applied for 5 of 11 sampling campaigns to account for constant and proportional systematic method error. For this particular LTE, the interpretation of SOC changes due to agronomic management (here fertilization) deviates depending on the analytical method used, which may weaken the explanatory power of the historical data. We demonstrate that analytical method changes over time present one of many challenges in the interpretation of time series data of SOC dynamics. Therefore, LTE site managers need to ensure providing all necessary protocols and data in order to retrace method changes and if necessary recalculate SOC.〈/p〉 〈/sec〉〈sec xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="ejss13362-sec-0003" xml:lang="en"〉 〈title〉Highlights〈/title〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉〈list list-type="bullet" id="ejss13362-list-0001"〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0001"〉〈p〉A total of 1059 LTE soil samples taken between 1976 and 2008 were re‐analysed for SOC in 2016〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0002"〉〈p〉Several methodological changes for SOC determination led to significant different SOC concentration in the same sample〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0003"〉〈p〉Interpretation and time series of LTE soil data suffer from consideration of analytical method changes and poor documentation of the same〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0004"〉〈p〉Soil archive establishment, thorough method protocols and diligent proficiency testing after soil method changes ameliorate the dilemma〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉〈/p〉 〈/sec〉

Beschreibung: Brandenburger Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004581

Beschreibung: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004937

Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.4228/zalf-acge-b683

Schlagwort(e): ddc:631.4 ; Bland–Altman ; carbon stocks ; data trueness ; Deming regression ; method bias ; soil archive ; soil survey

Sprache: Englisch

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Passive Sampler Derived Profiles and Mass Flows of Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFASs) across the Fram Strait in the North Atlantic (2024)

Dunn, M ; Vojta, S ; Soltwedel, T ; [weitere]

American Chemical Society

In: EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology Letters, American Chemical Society

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-24

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Materialart: Article , isiRev

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Toward an adequate level of detail in flood risk assessments (2023)

Sieg, Tobias ; Kienzler, Sarah ; Rözer, Viktor ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-24

Beschreibung: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Flood risk assessments require different disciplines to understand and model the underlying components hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Many methods and data sets have been refined considerably to cover more details of spatial, temporal, or process information. We compile case studies indicating that refined methods and data have a considerable effect on the overall assessment of flood risk. But are these improvements worth the effort? The adequate level of detail is typically unknown and prioritization of improvements in a specific component is hampered by the lack of an overarching view on flood risk. Consequently, creating the dilemma of potentially being too greedy or too wasteful with the resources available for a risk assessment. A “sweet spot” between those two would use methods and data sets that cover all relevant known processes without using resources inefficiently. We provide three key questions as a qualitative guidance toward this “sweet spot.” For quantitative decision support, more overarching case studies in various contexts are needed to reveal the sensitivity of the overall flood risk to individual components. This could also support the anticipation of unforeseen events like the flood event in Germany and Belgium in 2021 and increase the reliability of flood risk assessments.〈/p〉

Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

Beschreibung: BMBF http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347

Beschreibung: Federal Environment Agency http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010809

Beschreibung: http://howas21.gfz-potsdam.de/howas21/

Beschreibung: https://www.umwelt.niedersachsen.de/startseite/themen/wasser/hochwasser_amp_kustenschutz/hochwasserrisikomanagement_richtlinie/hochwassergefahren_und_hochwasserrisikokarten/hochwasserkarten-121920.html

Beschreibung: https://download.geofabrik.de/europe/germany.html

Beschreibung: https://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/list-of-components/EMSN024

Beschreibung: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/collection/id-0054

Beschreibung: https://oasishub.co/dataset/surface-water-flooding-footprinthurricane-harvey-august-2017-jba

Beschreibung: https://www.wasser.sachsen.de/hochwassergefahrenkarte-11915.html

Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.48 ; decision support ; extreme events ; integrated flood risk management ; risk assessment

Sprache: Englisch

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BODIUM—A systemic approach to model the dynamics of soil functions (2023)

König, Sara ; Weller, Ulrich ; Betancur‐Corredor, Bibiana ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-26

Beschreibung: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉The increasing demand for biomass for food, animal feed, fibre and bioenergy requires optimization of soil productivity, while at the same time, protecting other soil functions such as nutrient cycling and buffering, carbon storage, habitat for biological activity and water filter and storage. Therefore, one of the main challenges for sustainable agriculture is to produce high yields while maintaining all the other soil functions. Mechanistic simulation models are an essential tool to fully understand and predict the complex interactions between physical, biological and chemical processes of soils that generate those functions. We developed a soil model to simulate the impact of various agricultural management options and climate change on soil functions by integrating the relevant processes mechanistically and in a systemic way. As a special feature, we include the dynamics of soil structure induced by tillage and biological activity, which is especially relevant in arable soils. The model operates on a 1D soil profile consisting of a number of discrete layers with dynamic thickness. We demonstrate the model performance by simulating crop growth, root growth, nutrient and water uptake, nitrogen cycling, soil organic matter turnover, microbial activity, water distribution and soil structure dynamics in a long‐term field experiment including different crops and different types and levels of fertilization. The model is able to capture essential features that are measured regularly including crop yield, soil organic carbon, and soil nitrogen. In this way, the plausibility of the implemented processes and their interactions is confirmed. Furthermore, we present the results of explorative simulations comparing scenarios with and without tillage events to analyse the effect of soil structure on soil functions. Since the model is process‐based, we are confident that the model can also be used to predict quantities that have not been measured or to estimate the effect of management measures and climate states not yet been observed. The model thus has the potential to predict the site‐specific impact of management decisions on soil functions, which is of great importance for the development of a sustainable agriculture that is currently also on the agenda of the ‘Green Deal’ at the European level.〈/p〉

Beschreibung: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347

Beschreibung: https://git.ufz.de/bodium/bodium_v1.0

Schlagwort(e): ddc:631.4 ; agriculture ; computational model ; simulation ; soil microbiology ; soil structure ; sustainable soil

Sprache: Englisch

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Reducing tillage intensity benefits the soil micro‐ and mesofauna in a global meta‐analysis (2022)

Betancur‐Corredor, Bibiana ; Lang, Birgit ; Russell, David J. ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-22

Beschreibung: Soil fauna drives crucial processes of energy and nutrient cycling in agricultural systems, and influences the quality of crops and pest incidence. Soil tillage is the most influential agricultural manipulation of soil structure, and has a profound influence on soil biology and its provision of ecosystem services. The objective of this study was to quantify through meta‐analyses the effects of reducing tillage intensity on density and diversity of soil micro‐ and mesofaunal communities, and how these effects vary among different pedoclimatic conditions and interact with concurrent management practices. We present the results of a global meta‐analysis of available literature data on the effects of different tillage intensities on taxonomic and functional groups of soil micro‐ and mesofauna. We collected paired observations (conventional vs. reduced forms of tillage/no‐tillage) from 133 studies across 33 countries. Our results show that reduced tillage intensity or no‐tillage increases the total density of springtails (+35%), mites (+23%), and enchytraeids (+37%) compared to more intense tillage methods. The meta‐analyses for different nematode feeding groups, life‐forms of springtails, and taxonomic mite groups showed higher densities under reduced forms of tillage compared to conventional tillage on omnivorous nematodes (+53%), epedaphic (+81%) and hemiedaphic (+84%) springtails, oribatid (+43%) and mesostigmatid (+57%) mites. Furthermore, the effects of reduced forms of tillage on soil micro‐ and mesofauna varied with depth, climate and soil texture, as well as with tillage method, tillage frequency, concurrent fertilisation, and herbicide application. Our findings suggest that reducing tillage intensity can have positive effects on the density of micro‐ and mesofaunal communities in areas subjected to long‐term intensive cultivation practices. Our results will be useful to support decision making on the management of soil faunal communities and will facilitate modelling efforts of soil biology in global agroecosystems. HIGHLIGHTS Global meta‐analysis to estimate the effect of reducing tillage intensity on micro‐ and mesofauna Reduced tillage or no‐tillage has positive effects on springtail, mite and enchytraeid density Effects vary among nematode feeding groups, springtail life forms and mite suborders Effects vary with texture, climate and depth and depend on the tillage method and frequency

Beschreibung: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347

Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.20387/bonares-eh0f-hj28

Schlagwort(e): ddc:631.4 ; agricultural land use ; conservation agriculture ; conventional agriculture ; soil biodiversity ; soil cultivation

Sprache: Englisch

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Temperature and soil moisture change microbial allocation of pesticide‐derived carbon (2023)

Wirsching, Johannes ; Rodriguez, Luciana Chavez ; Ditterich, Franziska ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-18

Beschreibung: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Temperature and soil moisture are known to control pesticide mineralization. Half‐life times (DT〈sub〉50〈/sub〉) derived from pesticide mineralization curves generally indicate longer residence times at low soil temperature and moisture but do not consider potential changes in the microbial allocation of pesticide‐derived carbon (C). We aimed to determine carbon use efficiency (CUE, formation of new biomass relative to total C uptake) to better understand microbial utilization of pesticide‐derived C under different environmental conditions and to support the conventional description of degradation dynamics based on mineralization. We performed a microcosm experiment at two MCPA (2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid) concentrations (1 and 20 mg kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) and defined 20°C/pF 1.8 as optimal and 10°C/pF 3.5 as limiting environmental conditions. After 4 weeks, 70% of the initially applied MCPA was mineralized under optimal conditions but MCPA mineralization reached less than 25% under limiting conditions. However, under limiting conditions, an increase in CUE was observed, indicating a shift towards anabolic utilization of MCPA‐derived C. In this case, increased C assimilation implied C storage or the formation of precursor compounds to support resistance mechanisms, rather than actual growth since we did not find an increase in the 〈italic toggle="no"〉tfdA〈/italic〉 gene relevant to MCPA degradation. We were able to confirm the assumption that under limiting conditions, C assimilation increases relative to mineralization and that C redistribution, may serve as an explanation for the difference between mineralization and MCPA dissipation‐derived degradation dynamics. In addition, by introducing CUE to the temperature‐ and moisture‐dependent degradation of pesticides, we can capture the underlying microbial constraints and adaptive mechanisms to changing environmental conditions.〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Changing environmental conditions alter the MCPA degradation dynamics and the allocation of pesticide‐derived carbon to anabolic or catabolic metabolism.〈boxed-text position="anchor" content-type="graphic" id="ejss13417-blkfxd-0001" xml:lang="en"〉 〈graphic position="anchor" id="jats-graphic-1" xlink:href="urn:x-wiley:13510754:media:ejss13417:ejss13417-toc-0001"〉 〈/graphic〉 〈/boxed-text〉〈/p〉

Beschreibung: Collaborative Research Center 1253 CAMPOS (DFG)

Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

Beschreibung: DFG Priority Program 2322 “Soil System”

Beschreibung: Ellrichshausen Foundation

Beschreibung: Research Training Group “Integrated Hydrosystem modeling”

Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5081655

Schlagwort(e): ddc:631.4 ; anabolism ; carbon use efficiency ; catabolism ; effect of soil moisture and temperature ; gene‐centric process model ; MCPA biodegradation

Sprache: Englisch

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Small lateral air pressure gradients generated by a large chamber system have a strong effect on CO2 transport in soil (2023)

Osterholt, Laurin ; Maier, Martin ; Schindler, Dirk ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-09

Beschreibung: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Gas transport in soils is usually assumed to be purely diffusive, although several studies have shown that non‐diffusive processes can significantly enhance soil gas transport. These processes include barometric air pressure changes, wind‐induced pressure pumping and static air pressure fields generated by wind interacting with obstacles. The associated pressure gradients in the soil can cause advective gas fluxes that are much larger than diffusive fluxes. However, the contributions of the respective transport processes are difficult to separate. We developed a large chamber system to simulate pressure fields and investigate their influence on soil gas transport. The chamber consists of four subspaces in which pressure is regulated by fans that blow air in or out of the chamber. With this setup, we conducted experiments with oscillating and static pressure fields. CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentrations were measured along two soil profiles beneath the chamber. We found a significant relationship between static lateral pressure gradients and the change in the CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 profiles (R〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 = 0.53; 〈italic toggle="no"〉p〈/italic〉‐value 〈2e‐16). Even small pressure gradients between −1 and 1 Pa relative to ambient pressure resulted in an increase or decrease in CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentrations of 8% on average in the upper soil, indicating advective flow of air in the pore space. Positive pressure gradients resulted in decreasing, negative pressure gradients in increasing CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentrations. The concentration changes were probably caused by an advective flow field in the soil beneath the chamber generated by the pressure gradients. No effect of oscillating pressure fields was observed in this study. The results indicate that static lateral pressure gradients have a substantial impact on soil gas transport and therefore are an important driver of gas exchange between soil and atmosphere. Lateral pressure gradients in a comparable range can be induced under windy conditions when wind interacts with terrain features. They can also be caused by chambers used for flux measurements at high wind speed or by fans used for head‐space mixing within the chambers, which yields biased flux estimates.〈/p〉

Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

Schlagwort(e): ddc:631.4 ; advective flux ; chamber flux measurements ; static air pressure fields ; wind‐induced pressure pumping

Sprache: Englisch

Materialart: doc-type:article

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Defining Hydrogeological Site Similarity with Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (2022)

Kawa, Nura ; Cucchi, Karina ; Rubin, Yoram ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Malden, US

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-28

Beschreibung: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Hydrogeological information about an aquifer is difficult and costly to obtain, yet essential for the efficient management of groundwater resources. Transferring information from sampled sites to a specific site of interest can provide information when site‐specific data is lacking. Central to this approach is the notion of site similarity, which is necessary for determining relevant sites to include in the data transfer process. In this paper, we present a data‐driven method for defining site similarity. We apply this method to selecting groups of similar sites from which to derive prior distributions for the Bayesian estimation of hydraulic conductivity measurements at sites of interest. We conclude that there is now a unique opportunity to combine hydrogeological expertise with data‐driven methods to improve the predictive ability of stochastic hydrogeological models.〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉〈italic〉Article impact statement〈/italic〉: This article introduces hierarchical clustering as a method for defining a notion of site similarity; the aim of this method is to improve the derivation of prior distributions in Bayesian methods in hydrogeology.〈/p〉

Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

Beschreibung: https://github.com/GeoStat-Bayesian/geostatDB

Beschreibung: https://github.com/GeoStat-Bayesian/exPrior

Beschreibung: https://github.com/GeoStat-Bayesian/siteSimilarity

Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.49 ; hydrogeological sites ; hydrogeological modeling

Sprache: Englisch

Materialart: doc-type:article

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Fifty years after deep‐ploughing: Effects on yield, roots, nutrient stocks and soil structure (2023)

Burger, Dymphie J. ; Schneider, Florian ; Bauke, Sara L. ; [weitere]

Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-30

Beschreibung: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Deep‐ploughing far beyond the common depth of 30 cm was used more than 50 years ago in Northern Germany with the aim to break root‐restricting layers and thereby improve access to subsoil water and nutrient resources. We hypothesized that effects of this earlier intervention on soil properties and yields prevailed after 50 years. Hence, we sampled two sandy soils and one silty soil (Cambisols and a Luvisol) of which half of the field had been deep‐ploughed 50 years ago (soils then re‐classified as Treposols). The adjacent other half was not deep‐ploughed and thus served as the control. At all the three sites, both deep‐ploughed and control parts were then conventionally managed over the last 50 years. We assessed yields during the dry year 2019 and additionally in 2020, and rooting intensity at the year of sampling (2019), as well as changes in soil structure, carbon and nutrient stocks in that year. We found that deep‐ploughing improved yields in the dry spell of 2019 at the sandy sites, which was supported by a more general pattern of higher NDVI indices in deep‐ploughed parts for the period from 2016 to 2021 across varying weather conditions. Subsoil stocks of soil organic carbon and total plant‐available phosphorus were enhanced by 21%–199% in the different sites. Root biomass in the subsoil was reduced due to deep‐ploughing at the silty site and was increased or unaffected at the sandy sites. Overall, the effects of deep‐ploughing were site‐specific, with reduced bulk density in the buried topsoil stripes in the subsoil of the sandy sites, but with elevated subsoil density in the silty site. Hence, even 50 years after deep‐ploughing, changes in soil properties are still detectable, although effect size differed among sites.〈/p〉

Beschreibung: BonaRes http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100022576

Schlagwort(e): ddc:631.4 ; aggregates ; carbon sequestration ; deep‐ploughing ; macronutrients ; subsoil ; Treposol

Sprache: Englisch

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Bromide ion promoted .beta.-elimination in .alpha.-bromo ester substrates. Evidence for an intermediate in the E2C reaction (1983)

Kwart, Harold ; Gaffney, Anne

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 48 (1983), S. 4502-4508

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Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00172a012

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Aureolic acid antibiotics: a simple method for 2-deoxy-.beta.-glycosidation (1990)

Ramesh, Subban ; Kaila, Neelu ; Grewal, Gurmit ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 5-7

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Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a003

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Palladium-catalyzed alkenylation and alkynylation of polyhaloarenes (1990)

Tao, Weijin ; Nesbitt, Stephanie ; Heck, Richard F.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 63-69

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a013

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Stereoselective construction of the taxinine AB system through a novel tandem aldol-Payne rearrangement annulation (1990)

Swindell, Charles S. ; Patel, Bomi P.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 3-5

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a002

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Theoretical evaluation of epimerization in Diels-Alder cycloadducts (1990)

Guner, Osman F. ; Lammertsma, Koop ; Alston, Peter V. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 28-33

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a006

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A study of new bis(macrocyclic polyamine) ligands as inorganic and organic anion receptors (1990)

Kimura, Eiichi ; Kuramoto, Yasuhiro ; Koike, Tohru ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 42-46

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a009

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Steric inhibition of synergistic radical stabilizing effects (1990)

Bordwell, F. G. ; Bausch, Mark J. ; Cheng, Jin Pei ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 58-63

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a012

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Antiviral and antitumor agents from a New Zealand sponge, Mycale sp. 2. Structures and solution conformations of mycalamides A and B (1990)

Perry, Nigel B. ; Blunt, John W. ; Munro, Murray H. G. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 223-227

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a037

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Novel sponge-derived amino acids. 11. The entire absolute stereochemistry of the bengamides (1990)

Adamczeski, Madeline ; Quinoa, Emilio ; Crews, Phillip

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 240-242

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a039

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Reduction of 17.alpha.-hydroxy-20-keto steroids: convenient synthesis of (E)-3.beta.-hydroxy-5,17(20)-pregnadiene 3-pivaloate and (Z)-3.beta.,16.alpha.-dihydroxy-5,17(20)-pregnadiene 3-pivaloate (1990)

Shull, Brian K. ; Koreeda, Masato

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 99-105

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a021

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Synthesis, configuration, and chemical shift correlations of chiral 1,3,2-oxazaphospholidin-2-ones derived from l-serine (1990)

Thompson, Charles M. ; Frick, Jeffrey A. ; Green, Diana L. C.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 111-116

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a023

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Effect of ring substitution on the photochemistry of .alpha.-(aryloxy)acetophenones (1990)

Netto-Ferreira, J. C. ; Avellar, I. G. J. ; Scaiano, J. C.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 89-92

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a019

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Approaches to the total synthesis of the antitumor antibiotic echinosporin (1990)

Kinsella, Mary A. ; Kalish, Vincent J. ; Weinreb, Steven M.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 105-111

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Sterocontrol in Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons condensations of a gem-dimethylcyclopropyl aldehyde with .alpha.-substituted phosphono acetates (1990)

Hammond, Gerald B. ; Cox, Marilyn Blagg ; Wiemer, David F.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 128-132

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a026

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Oxidative degradation of 6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines and 7-hydroxy-2-benzazepines. A novel route to heterocyclic quinones (1990)

Saa, Jose M. ; Capo, Magdalena ; Martf, Catalina ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 288-292

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a048

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Synthesis of (5R,10S,11R)-(+)-10,11-dihydro-5-methyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imin-11-ol: a hydroxylated metabolite of MK-0801 (1990)

Larsen, Robert D. ; Davis, Paul ; Corley, Edward G. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 299-304

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a050

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Synthesis and chemistry of acyltriazolinedione ylides and related intermediates: new methods for the preparation of di- and tricarbonyl compounds (1990)

Wilson, R. Marshall ; Hengge, Alvan C.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 197-202

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a033

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A new, general cyclopentenone synthesis (1990)

Ceccherelli, Paolo ; Curini, Massimo ; Marcotullio, Maria Carla ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 311-315

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a052

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Preparation of [hydroxy(((+)-10-camphorsulfonyl)oxy)iodo]benzene and its reactivity toward carbonyl compounds (1990)

Hatzigrigoriou, Evangelia ; Varvoglis, Anastasios ; Bakola-Christianopoulou, Maria

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 315-318

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a053

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Synthesis and unusual selenium extrusion reaction of a cyclic triselenide (1990)

Yamazaki, Shoko ; Yoshimura, Takuya ; Yamabe, Shinichi ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 263-269

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a044

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Synthesis and synthetic utility of 1-acyl-5-(trialkylsilyl)-1,2-dihydropyridines. A synthesis of (.+-.)-elaeokanine A (1990)

Comins, Daniel L. ; Myoung, Young Chan

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 292-298

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a049

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New solid-phase catalysts for asymmetric synthesis: cross-linked polymers containing a chiral Schiff base-zinc complex (1990)

Itsuno, Shinichi ; Sakurai, Yoshiki ; Ito, Koichi ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 304-310

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VO(OR)Cl2-induced oxidative aromatization of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated cyclohexenones (1990)

Hirao, Toshikazu ; Mori, Makoto ; Ohshiro, Yoshiki

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 358-360

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a065

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Practical synthesis of (3S,4R)-3-[(R)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-ethyl]-4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-azetidinone from dibromopenicillanic acid S,S-dioxide: a penem synthon (1990)

Quallich, George J. ; Bordner, Jon ; Elliott, Mark L. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 367-370

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a069

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Comparison of reactions of difluorocarbene with cis- and trans-cyclooctene (1990)

Greenberg, Arthur ; Yang, Deyi

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 372-373

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a071

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Azomethine ylide generation via the rhodium(II)-induced cyclization reaction of oximino .alpha.-diazo ketones (1990)

Padwa, Albert ; Dean, Dennis C.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 405-406

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00289a001

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Robins, Morris J. ; Samano, Vicente ; Johnson, Mark D.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 410-412

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00289a004

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Chemistry and structure of phenylcubanes (1990)

Bashir-Hashemi, A. ; Ammon, Herman L. ; Choi, C. S.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 416-420

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Reaction of 4-substituted 2-azetidinone with nucleophiles. Existence and reactivity of 1-azetin-4-one (1990)

Gavina, Francisco ; Costero, Ana M. ; Andreu, M. Rosario

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 434-437

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Ring-closure reactions initiated by the peroxydisulfate ion oxidation of diphenyl diselenide (1990)

Tiecco, Marcello ; Testaferri, L. ; Tingoli, M. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 429-434

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A selective and efficient method for alcohol oxidations mediated by N-oxoammonium salts in combination with sodium bromite (1990)

Inokuchi, Tsutomu ; Matsumoto, Sigeaki ; Nishiyama, Tokio ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 462-466

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Convenient synthesis of silylketenes from 1-tert-butoxy-2-silylethynes (1990)

Valenti, Eduard ; Pericas, Miquel A. ; Serratosa, Felix

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 395-397

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Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of trans-2,5-diaryltetrahydrofurans, potent platelet-activating factor antagonists (1990)

Larock, Richard C. ; Gong, William H.

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 407-408

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Complex pyrrolidines via a tandem Michael reaction/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition sequence. A novel method for the generation of unsymmetrical azomethine ylides (1990)

Garner, Philip ; Arya, Fariba ; Ho, Wen Bin

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 412-414

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New tetraheterocyclic macrocycles containing triazole, pyrazole, pyridine, and/or furan subunits. Synthesis and cation-binding properties (1990)

Tarrago, Georges ; Marzin, Claude ; Najimi, Ouafa ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 420-425

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Selective propargylation of carbonyl compounds with allenylstannane/alkyllithium mixed reagents (1990)

Suzuki, Masaaki ; Morita, Yasushi ; Noyori, Ryoji

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 441-449

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00289a013

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Cobalt carbonyl catalyzed hydrosilylation of nitriles: a new preparation of N,N-disilylamines (1990)

Murai, Toshiaki ; Sakane, Takehiko ; Kato, Shinzi

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 449-453

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Comparative sulfhydryl reaction pathways of chlorooxirane and chloroacetaldehyde (1990)

Joseph, J. T. ; Elmore, J. D. ; Wong, John L.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 471-474

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Benzo-fused bicyclic imides (1990)

Pavia, Michael R. ; Moos, Walter H. ; Hershenson, Fred M.

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 560-564

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Synthesis of 6H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,2,3]triazoles and 5H-pyrrolo[1,2-d]tetrazoles: alkylation and acylation of the monoanions (1990)

Dulcere, Jean Pierre ; Tawil, Mohamed ; Santelli, Maurice

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 571-575

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NMR and ultraviolet spectral characterization of dihydrobenzene intermediates in the displacement of hydrogen by intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic photosubstitution (1990)

Wubbels, Gene G. ; Winitz, Simeon ; Whitaker, Craig

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 631-636

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00289a043

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Behavior of pyridinium salts obtained from derivatives of pyridinedicarboxylic acids in basic solutions. Addition of hydroxide or alkoxide to form 1,2-dihydropyridine intermediates (1990)

Speelman, Johanna C. ; Kellogg, Richard M.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 647-653

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Electronic structure of [n.1.1]propellanes. PE (photoelectron) spectroscopic investigations (1990)

Gleiter, Rolf ; Pfeifer, Karl Heinz ; Szeimies, Guenter ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 636-638

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An ab initio study of vinylallene conformations (1990)

Bond, Douglas

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 661-665

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Homocoupling of alkyl halides and cyclization of .alpha.,.omega.-dihaloalkanes via activated copper (1990)

Ginah, Francis O. ; Donovan, Thomas A. ; Suchan, Scott D. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 584-589

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Charge-transfer complexes of tetracyanoethylene with cycloalkanes, alkenes, and alkynes and some of their aryl derivatives (1990)

Frey, John E. ; Andrews, Anne M. ; Ankoviac, Daniel G. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 606-624

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Photochemistry of diaryliodonium salts (1990)

Dektar, John L. ; Hacker, Nigel P.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 639-647

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Secondary deuterium kinetic isotope effects at the termini of cis-1,2-divinylcyclopropane and cis-1,2-divinylcyclobutane in their 3,3-sigmatropic shifts: evidence for different transition-state structures (1990)

Gajewski, Joseph J. ; Hawkins, Christopher M. ; Jimenez, Jose L.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 674-679

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The influence of intramolecular dynamics on branching ratios in thermal rearrangements (1990)

Newman-Evans, Richard H. ; Simon, Reyna J. ; Carpenter, Barry K.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 695-711

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Rapid continuous peptide synthesis via FMOC amino acid chloride coupling and 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine deblocking (1990)

Beyermann, Michael ; Bienert, Michael ; Niedrich, Hartmut ; [weitere]

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 721-728

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The effect of .beta.-dialkylamino substitution on ketone enolization (1990)

Pratt, Norman E. ; Albizati, Kim F.

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 770-773

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Polyfunctional, structurally defined catalysts for the enantioselective addition of dialkylzinc reagents to aldehydes (1990)

Corey, E. J. ; Yuen, Po Wai ; Hannon, Francis J. ; [weitere]

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 784-786

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Synthesis of cyclopentane-fused oxygen heterocycles from the intramolecular reaction of alkynes with cyclopropylcarbene-chromium complexes (1990)

Herndon, James W. ; Matasi, Julius J.

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 786-788

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Total synthesis of (.+-.)-vallesamidine (1990)

Heathcock, Clayton H. ; Norman, Mark H. ; Dickman, Dan A.

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 798-811

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Nitromethylenation of N-methylpyridinium salts (1990)

Buurman, Dick J. ; Van Veldhuizen, Albertus ; Van der Plas, Henk C.

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 778-780

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Asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-.DELTA.9(12)-capnellene (1990)

Meyers, A. I. ; Bienz, Stefan

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 791-798

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A stereocontrolled organopalladium route to 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives. Application to the synthesis of a venom alkaloid of the ant species Monomorium latinode (1990)

Baeckvall, Jan E. ; Schink, Hans E. ; Renko, Z. Dolor

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 826-831

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Rearrangement of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ring systems by titanocene alkylidene complexes to bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane enol ethers. Total synthesis of (.+-.)-.DELTA.9(12)-capnellene (1990)

Stille, John R. ; Santarsiero, Bernard D. ; Grubbs, Robert H.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 843-862

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Specific preparation and structure determination of 3A,3C,3E-tri-O-sulfonyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin (1990)

Fujita, Kahee ; Tahara, Tsutomu ; Yamamura, Hatsuo ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 877-880

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A general approach to the synthesis of butanolides: synthesis of the sex pheromone of the Japanese beetle (1990)

Baskaran, Sundarababu ; Islam, Imadul ; Chandrasekaran, Srinivasan

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 891-895

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Azapsoralens. Synthesis of 8-azapsoralens (1990)

VanSickle, Andrew P. ; Rapoport, Henry

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 895-901

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Total synthesis of (.+-.)-7-epi-20-desethylgelsedine (1990)

Kende, Andrew S. ; Luzzio, Michael J. ; Mendoza, Jose S.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 918-924

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Benzyne-oxazole cycloadducts: isolation and retro-Diels-Alder reactions (1990)

Whitney, Scott E. ; Winters, Michael ; Rickborn, Bruce

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 929-935

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Studies dealing with the alkylation-[1,3]-rearrangement reaction of some phenylthio-substituted allylic sulfones (1990)

Padwa, Albert ; Bullock, William H. ; Dyszlewski, Andrew D.

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The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 955-964

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Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00290a029

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"Mixed staffanes" as intermediate-length staffs for molecular-size tinkertoys. Parent hydrocarbons and terminal diiodides combining bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane with cubane or bicyclo[2.2.2]octane units (1990)

Hassenrueck, Karin ; Murthy, Gudipati S. ; Lynch, Vincent M. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 1013-1016

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ISSN: 1520-6904

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00290a036

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91

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Highly selective Diels-Alder cycloadditions of captodative dienophiles 1-acetylvinyl arenecarboxylates to unsymmetrically substituted butadienes (1990)

Reyes, Alicia ; Aguilar, Raul ; Munoz, Alfredo H. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 1024-1034

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ISSN: 1520-6904

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00290a039

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92

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Meta-substituent effects on benzyl free-radical stability (1990)

Fisher, Thomas H. ; Dershem, Stephen M. ; Prewitt, M. Lynn

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 1040-1043

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ISSN: 1520-6904

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00290a041

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93

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Structural effects on the disproportionation equilibrium of tethered tetraphenylethylene radical anions (1990)

Shultz, David A. ; Fox, Marye Anne

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 1047-1051

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ISSN: 1520-6904

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00290a043

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94

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Reactions of thermally generated 1-adamantyl and di(1-adamantyl) ketyl radicals in toluene (1990)

Lomas, John S. ; Fain, Dominique ; Briand, Sylvette

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 1052-1058

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ISSN: 1520-6904

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00290a044

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95

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Electrochemical reduction of 4-iodo- and 4-bromoanisole at mercury and carbon cathodes in dimethylformamide (1990)

Mubarak, Mohammad S. ; Karras, Louis L. ; Murcia, Noel S. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 1065-1070

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ISSN: 1520-6904

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00290a047

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96

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Preparation of 3-acetyl-2-hydroxyindoles via rhodium carbenoid aromatic carbon-hydrogen insertion (1990)

Etkin, Nola ; Babu, Suresh D. ; Fooks, Catherine J. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 1093-1096

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ISSN: 1520-6904

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00290a052

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97

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Fluorination with xenon difluoride. 37. Room-temperature rearrangement of aryl-substituted ketones to difluoro-substituted ethers (1990)

Zajc, Barbara ; Zupan, Marko

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 1099-1102

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ISSN: 1520-6904

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00290a054

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98

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Transformation of .alpha.- and .beta.-ionones into .alpha.- and .beta.-damascone and .beta.-damascenone using allylsilane chemistry (1990)

Azzari, Elisabetta ; Faggi, Cristina ; Gelsomini, Nedo ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 1106-1108

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ISSN: 1520-6904

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00290a057

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99

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Acyclic stereoselection. 50. New stereoselective propanal/propanoic acid synthons for aldol reactions (1990)

Mori, Ichiro ; Ishihara, Kazuaki ; Heathcock, Clayton H.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 1114-1117

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ISSN: 1520-6904

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00290a060

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100

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Thermochemistry of molecular complexes. 3. Molecular complexes of iodine with halogenated benzene derivatives (1990)

Munoz, Jorge J. ; Morales, Raul ; Martinez, Jose L. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

The @journal of organic chemistry 55 (1990), S. 1122-1125

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ISSN: 1520-6904

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00290a063

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