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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring  (9)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks  (7)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas  (6)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques  (5)
  • 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
  • Acoustics
  • Applied geophysics
  • Data analysis / ~ processing
  • Fluids
  • Schussler
  • Textbook of geophysics
  • Elsevier  (9)
  • Springer Berlin Heidelberg  (9)
  • Geological Society of America  (2)
  • Cambridge U. Press
  • Cambridge Univ. Press
  • Soc. of Exploration Geophys.
  • Wiley
  • 2010-2014  (20)
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
  • 1910-1914
  • 2012  (20)
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Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2010-2014  (20)
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
  • 1910-1914
Jahr
  • 1
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    Carbonate-derived CO2 purging magma at depth: Influence on the eruptive activity of Somma-Vesuvius, Italy (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-30
    Beschreibung: Mafic phenocrysts from selected products of the last 4 ka volcanic activity at Mt. Vesuvius were investigated for their chemical and O-isotope composition, as a proxy for primary magmas feeding the system. 18O/16O ratios of studied Mg-rich olivines suggest that near-primary shoshonitic to tephritic melts experienced a flux of sedimentary carbonate-derived CO2, representing the early process of magma contamination in the roots of the volcanic structure. Bulk carbonate assimilation (physical digestion) mainly occurred in the shallow crust, strongly influencing magma chamber evolution. On a petrological and geochemical basis the effects of bulk sedimentary carbonate digestion on the chemical composition of the near-primary melts are resolved from those of carbonate-released CO2 fluxed into magma. An important outcome of this process lies in the effect of external CO2 in changing the overall volatile solubility of the magma, enhancing the ability of Vesuvius mafic magmas to rapidly rise and explosively erupt at the surface.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 84-95
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): stable-isotope ; magma geochemistry ; CO2-degassing ; Vesuvius ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    Erratum to: Lava discharge during Etna’s January 2011 fire fountain tracked using MSG-SEVIRI (2012)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-09
    Beschreibung: In the paper by Gouhier, M., Harris, A., Calvari, S., Labazuy, P., Guéhenneux, Y., Donnadieu, F., Valade, S, entitled “Lava discharge during Etna’s January 2011 fire fountain tracked using MSG-SEVIRI” (Bull Volcanol (2012) 74:787–793, DOI 10.1007/s00445-011-0572-y), we present data from a Doppler radar (VOLDORAD 2B). This ground-based Lband radar has been monitoring the eruptive activity of the summit craters of Mt. Etna in real-time since July 2009 from a site about 3.5 km SSE of the craters. Examples of applications of this type of radar are reviewed by Donnadieu (2012) and shown on the VOLDORAD website (http://wwwobs. univbpclermont.fr/SO/televolc/voldorad/). Although designed and owned by the Observatoire de Physique du Globe in Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), France, VOLDORAD 2B is operated jointly with the INGV-Catania (Italy) in the framework of a technical and scientific collaboration agreement between the INGV of Catania, the French CNRS and the OPGC-Université Blaise Pascal in Clermont- Ferrand. The system also utilizes a dedicated micropatch antenna designed at the University of Calabria (Boccia et al. 2010) and owned by INGV. The objective of the joint acquisition of the radar data by INGV-Catania and the OPGC is twofold: (1) to mitigate volcanic risks at Etna by better assessing the hazards arising from ash plumes and (2) to allow detailed study of volcanic activity and its environmental impact. In the paper by Gouhier et al. (2012), we failed to highlight this important collaboration between the INGV Catania and the OPGC; a cooperation essential for the past, current and future generation of such valuable data sets. Specifically we wish to acknowledge the roles of Mauro Coltelli, Michele Prestifilippo and Simona Scollo for their important input into this project, and pivotal role in setting up, and maintaining, this collaborative deployment.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1261
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Etna volcano ; lava fountain ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 3
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    Lava discharge during Etna's January 2011 fire fountain tracked using MSG-SEVIRI (2012)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-09
    Beschreibung: Etna's January 2011 eruption provided an excellent opportunity to test the ability of Meteosat Second Generation satellite's Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) sensor to track a short-lived effusive event. The presence of lava fountaining, the rapid expansion of lava flows, and the complexity of the resulting flow field make such events difficult to track from the ground. During the Etna's January 2011 eruption, we were able to use thermal data collected by SEVIRI every 15 min to generate a time series of the syn-eruptive heat flux. Lava discharge waxed over a ~1-h period to reach a peak that was first masked from the satellite view by a cold tephra plume and then was of sufficient intensity to saturate the 3.9-μm channel. Both problems made it impossible to estimate time-averaged lava discharge rates using the syn-eruptive heat flux curve. Therefore, through integration of data obtained by ground-based Doppler radar and thermal cameras, as well as ancillary satellite data (from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer), we developed a method that allowed us to identify the point at which effusion stagnated, to allow definition of a lava cooling curve. This allowed retrieval of a lava volume of ~1.2×106 m3, which, if emitted for 5 h, was erupted at a mean output rate of ~70 m3 s−1. The lava volume estimated using the cooling curve method is found to be similar to the values inferred from field measurements.
    Beschreibung: This work was supported by the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES-France) and CNRS-INSU.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 787–793
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Etna volcano ; lava flux ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
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    Geochemical heterogeneities and dynamics of magmas within the plumbing system of a persistently active volcano: evidence from Stromboli (2012)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We report here the most complete dataset for major and trace elements, as well as Sr isotopic compositions, of magmas erupted by Stromboli since the onset of present-day activity 1,800 years ago. Our data relate to both porphyritic scoria and lava originating in the uppermost parts of the feeding system, plus crystal-poor pumice produced by paroxysmal explosive eruption of deep-seated, fast ascending, magma. The geochemical variations recorded by Stromboli’s products allow us to identify changes in magma dynamics affecting the entire plumbing system. Deep-seated magmas vary in composition between two end-members having different key ratios in strongly incompatible trace elements and Sr isotopes. These features may be ascribed to mantle source processes (fluid/melt enrichment, variable degrees of melting) and occasional contamination by deep, mafic, cumulates. Temporal trends reveal three phases during which magmas with distinct geochemical signatures were erupted. The first phase occurred between the third and fourteenth centuries AD and was characterised by the eruption of evolved magmas sharing geochemical and Sr isotopic compositions similar to those of earlier periods of activity (〈12 ka—Neostromboli and San Bartolo). The second phase, which began in the sixteenth century and lasted until the first half of the twentieth century, produced more primitive, less radiogenic, magmas with the lowest Ba/La and Rb/Th ratios of our dataset. The last phase is ongoing and is marked by a magma having the lowest Sr isotopic composition and highest Rb/Th ratio of the dataset. While this new magma can be clearly identified in the pumice erupted during the last two paroxysmal eruptions of 2003 and 2007, shallow degassed magma extruded during this time span records significant geochemical and isotopic heterogeneities. We thus suggest that the shallow reservoir has been only partially homogenised by this new magma influx. We conclude that compositional variations within the shallow magma system of a persistently active volcano provide only a biassed signal of ongoing geochemical changes induced by deep magma refilling. We argue that source changes can only be identified by interpreting the geochemistry of pumice, because it reliably represents magma transferred directly from deep portions of the plumbing system to the surface.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 881-894
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Stromboli ; Geochemistry ; Magma dynamics ; Magma mixing ; Geochemical source processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
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    A study on the reproducibility of counting vesicles in volcanic rocks (2012)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Vesicle size distributions in two and three dimensions of two samples were independently measured by three different researchers to investigate whether or not such measurements are reproducible. Additionally, two different software programs were used to measure the three-dimensional vesicle size distributions: the 3D Object Counter plugin for ImageJ and Blob3D. Manual thresholding by each of the authors produced similar results for both samples using both programs; however, use of the automatic, maximum entropy technique for thresholding produced measurably different results because it did not discriminate between vesicles and plagioclase crystals in one case and between vesicles and some cracks in another. Use of asymmetric erosion and dilation processes on the images is shown to affect the vesicle size distribution, but it does not have a significant effect on the power-law exponent that describes intermediate-sized vesicles or on the vesicle number density in these samples. However, such a technique is not recommended.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 70-78
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Volcanic rocks ; vesicle counting ; reproducibility ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 6
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    Comment on ‘Conduit convection, magma mixing, and melt inclusion trends at persistent degassing volcanoes’ by Fred Witham, published in Earth Planetary Science Letters (2011) 301, 345–352 (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: No abstract
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 306-308
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Etna ; Stromboli ; volatiles ; melt inclusions ; magma mixing ; magma degassing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 7
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    An emergent strategy for volcano hazard assessment: From thermal satellite monitoring to lava flow modeling (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Spaceborne remote sensing techniques and numerical simulations have been combined in a web-GIS framework (LAV@HAZARD) to evaluate lava flow hazard in real time. By using the HOTSAT satellite thermal monitoring system to estimate time-varying TADR (time averaged discharge rate) and the MAGFLOW physicsbased model to simulate lava flow paths, the LAV@HAZARD platform allows timely definition of parameters and maps essential for hazard assessment, including the propagation time of lava flows and the maximum run-out distance. We used LAV@HAZARD during the 2008–2009 lava flow-forming eruption at Mt Etna (Sicily, Italy). We measured the temporal variation in thermal emission (up to four times per hour) during the entire duration of the eruption using SEVIRI and MODIS data. The time-series of radiative power allowed us to identify six diverse thermal phases each related to different dynamic volcanic processes and associated with different TADRs and lava flow emplacement conditions. Satellite-derived estimates of lava discharge rates were computed and integrated for the whole period of the eruption (almost 14 months), showing that a lava volume of between 32 and 61 million cubic meters was erupted of which about 2/3 was emplaced during the first 4 months. These time-varying discharge rates were then used to drive MAGFLOW simulations to chart the spread of lava as a function of time. TADRs were sufficiently low (b30 m3/s) that no lava flows were capable of flowing any great distance so that they did not pose a hazard to vulnerable (agricultural and urban) areas on the flanks of Etna.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 197-207
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Etna volcano Infrared remote sensing Numerical simulation GIS Lava hazard assessment ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 8
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    Spatial vent opening probability map of Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy) (2012)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We produce a spatial probability map of vent opening (susceptibility map) at Etna, using a statistical analysis of structural features of flank eruptions of the last 2 ky. We exploit a detailed knowledge of the volcano structures, including the modalities of shallow magma transfer deriving from dike and dike-fed fissure eruptions analysis on historical eruptions. Assuming the location of future vents will have the same causal factors as the past eruptions, we converted the geological and structural data in distinct and weighted probability density functions, which were included in a non-homogeneous Poisson process to obtain the susceptibility map. The highest probability of new eruptive vents opening falls within a N-S aligned area passing through the Summit Craters down to about 2,000 ma.s.l. on the southern flank. Other zones of high probability follow the North-East, East-North-East, West, and South Rifts, the latter reaching low altitudes (∼400 m). Less susceptible areas are found around the faults cutting the upper portions of Etna, including the western portion of the Pernicana fault and the northern extent of the Ragalna fault. This structuralbased susceptibility map is a crucial step in forecasting lava flow hazards at Etna, providing a support tool for decision makers.
    Beschreibung: This study was performed with the financial support from the V3-LAVA project (DPC-INGV 2007–2009 contract).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2083–2094
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Flank eruption ; Dike ; Volcano structure ; Susceptibility map ; Spatial clustering ; Back analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 9
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    The Averno 2 fissure eruption: a recent small-size explosive event at the Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy) (2012)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-05-28
    Beschreibung: The Averno 2 eruption (3,700 ± 50 a B.P.) was an explosive low-magnitude event characterized by magmatic and phreatomagmatic explosions, generating mainly fall and surge beds, respectively. It occurred in the Western sector of the Campi Flegrei caldera (Campanian Region, South Italy) at the intersection of two active fault systems, oriented NE and NW. The morphologically complex crater area, largely filled by the Averno lake, resulted from vent activation and migration along the NE-trending fault system. The eruption generated a complex sequence of pyroclastic deposits, including pumice fall deposits in the lower portion, and prevailing surge beds in the intermediate-upper portion. The pyroclastic sequence has been studied through stratigraphical, morphostructural and petrological investigations, and sub- divided into three members named A through C. Member A was emplaced during the first phase of the eruption mainly by magmatic explosions which generated columns reaching a maximum height of 10 km. During this phase the eruption reached its climax with a mass discharge rate of 3.2 106 kg/s. Intense fracturing and fault activation favored entry of a significant amount of water into the system, which produced explosions driven by variably efficient water-magma inter- action. These explosions generated wet to dry surge deposits that emplaced Member B and C, respectively. Isopachs and isopleths maps, as well as areal distribution of ballistic fragments and facies variation of surge deposits allow definition of four vents that opened along a NE oriented, 2 km long fissure. The total volume of magma extruded during the eruption has been estimated at about 0.07 km3 (DRE). The erupted products range in composition from initial, weakly peralkaline alkali-trachyte, to last-emplaced alkali-trachyte. Isotopic data and modeling suggest that mixing occurred during the Averno 2 eruption between a more evolved, less radiogenic stored magma, and a less
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 295–320
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Campi Flegrei caldera. ; Eruption Dynamics ; Magma mixing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Coupled use of COSPEC and satellite measurements to define the volumetric balance during effusive eruptions at Mt. Etna, Italy (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Using Etna as a case study location, we examine the balance between the volume of magma supplied to the shallow volcanic system (using ground-based SO2 data) and the volume erupted (using satellite thermal data). We do this for three eruptions of Mt. Etna (Italy) during 2002 to 2006. We find that, during the three eruptions, 2.3×107 m3 or 24% of the degassed volume remained unerupted. However, variations in the degree of partitioning between supplied (Vsupply) and erupted (Verupt) magma occur within individual eruptions over the time scales of days. Consequently, we define and quantify three types of partitioning. In the first case, VsupplybVerupt, i.e. more lava is erupted than is supplied. In such a case previously degassed magma is erupted or magma can rise faster than it is able to degas, as occurred during the open phases of the 2002–2003 and 2004–2005 eruptions, respectively. In the second case, VsupplyNVerupt, i.e. less lava is erupted than is supplied. In such a case, magma can erupt in an explosive manner, as occurred during Phase II of the 2002–2003 eruption, or remain within or below the edifice. In the third case, Vsupply=Verupt, i.e. all supplied magma is erupted. During 2002–2006, over a total of 280 days of eruptive activity, this balancing case applied to 50% of the time.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 47-53
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Etna ; thermal remote sensing ; SO2 flux ; Effusive eruption ; mass balance ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Comment on “40Ar/39Ar dating of tuff vents in the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy): toward a new chronostratigraphic reconstruction of the Holocene volcanic activity” by Fedele et al. [Bull Volcanol; 73:1323–1336] (2012)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The volcanic history of each active volcano is assembled through detailed field work that establishes stratigraphic position of the eruption deposits, radiometric ages and study of historical sources. The volcanic history is important for hazard assessment, thus the scientific community must validate the strength of conclusions. Fedele et al. (2011) propose a new reference chronostratigraphic framework for Holocene Phlegrean activity, and discuss the implications for the Campi Flegrei (CF) volcanic history and related volcanic hazards. In particular, the authors propose to amend the previously established Holocene chronostratigraphy of volcanic activity of Campi Flegrei caldera, presented in Di Vito et al. (1999), Orsi et al. (2004), Isaia et al. (2009). The proposed changes of Fedele et al. (2011) are based on new geochronologic data, a calibration of already existing 14C ages, and a stratigraphic survey (Perrotta et al. 2010). However, the new chronological data are limited and pre-existing stratigraphic studies have not been considered, and this yields an eruption chronology that is inconsistent with the actual stratigraphic framework.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 293-296
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): vents ; Campi Flegrei ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Mapping and DOWNFLOW simulation of recent lava flow fields at Mount Etna (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In recent years, progress in geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques have allowed the mapping and studying of lava flows in unprecedented detail. A composite GIS technique is introduced to obtain high resolution boundaries of lava flow fields. This technique is mainly based on the processing of LIDAR-derived maps and digital elevation models (DEMs). The probabilistic code DOWNFLOW is then used to simulate eight large flow fields formed at Mount Etna in the last 25 years. Thanks to the collection of 6 DEMs representing Mount Etna at different times from 1986 to 2007, simulated outputs are obtained by running the DOWNFLOW code over pre-emplacement topographies. Simulation outputs are compared with the boundaries of the actual flow fields obtained here or derived from the existing literature. Although the selected fields formed in accordance with different emplacement mechanisms, flowed on different zones of the volcano over different topographies and were fed by different lava supplies of different durations, DOWNFLOW yields results close to the actual flow fields in all the cases considered. This outcome is noteworthy because DOWNFLOW has been applied by adopting a default calibration, without any specific tuning for the new cases considered here. This extensive testing proves that, if the pre-emplacement topography is available, DOWNFLOW yields a realistic simulation of a future lava flow based solely on a knowledge of the vent position. In comparison with deterministic codes, which require accurate knowledge of a large number of input parameters, DOWNFLOW turns out to be simple, fast and undemanding, proving to be ideal for systematic hazard and risk analyses.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 27-39
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: 5.5. TTC - Sistema Informativo Territoriale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): LIDAR ; lava flow field ; lava flow simulation ; Digital elevation model ; Mount Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Texture analysis of volcanic rock samples: Quantitative study of crystals and vesicles shape preferred orientation from X-ray microtomography data (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In the texture analysis of volcanic rocks, the preferred orientation of the constituents can provide useful information for the interpretation of the processes involved in the rock formation. We present here a new data analysis technique, based on X-ray microtomography measurements and on shape preferred orientation analysis, to obtain the orientation distribution functions of the constituents of volcanic rocks. This procedure proved to be very suitable for volcanic samples, where diffraction-based techniques, developed for crystallographic preferred orientation studies, are of limited utilization, in addition to the fact that they cannot provide any information about vesicles or bubbles. Moreover the analysis performed directly in three dimensions (3D) overcomes the problems that usually occur when employing stereological methods for the analysis of the images obtained via microscopy-based techniques. In this study, two scoriae (from Stromboli and Etna) and a tube pumice (from Campi Flegrei) were measured via X-ray microtomography and then the resulting volumes were analyzed following the proposed procedure. Results highlight little preferred orientation for the vesicles in the two scoria samples, whereas the pumice shows a marked preferred orientation. Crystals (also divided by mineral species) were taken into account as well and in the two scoria samples there is no crystal preferred orientation, in contrast with the pumice, where crystal preferred orientation features are very similar to the ones found for the vesicles. Overall we found strong differences in preferred orientation: weak for vesicles in scoriae, showing an axial symmetry with the axis parallel to the elongation axis of the sample, and a stronger and more complex orientation texture in the pumice sample for both crystals and vesicles. The promising results obtained suggest that this procedure is potentially very useful for the analysis of preferred orientation in volcanic rocks and geomaterials in general.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 83-95
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): X-ray computed microtomography ; preferred orientation ; texture analysis ; volcanic scoria ; synchrotron X-rays ; pumice ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Magma convection and mixing dynamics as a source of Ultra-Long-Period oscillations (2012)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Many volcanic eruptions are shortly preceded by injection of new magma into a pre-existing, shallow (〈10 km) magma chamber, causing convection and mixing between the incoming and resident magmas. These processes may trigger dyke propagation and further magma rise, inducing long-term (days to months) volcano deformation, seismic swarms, gravity anomalies, and changes in the composition of volcanic plumes and fumaroles, eventually culminating in an eruption. Although new magma injection into shallow magma chambers can lead to hazardous event, such injection is still not systematically detected and recognized. Here, we present the results of numerical simulations of magma convection and mixing in geometrically complex magmatic systems, and describe the multiparametric dynamics associated with buoyant magma injection. Our results reveal unexpected pressure trends and pressure oscillations in the Ultra-Long-Period (ULP) range of minutes, related to the generation of discrete plumes of rising magma. Very long pressure oscillation wavelengths translate into comparably ULP ground displacements with amplitudes of order 10−4–10−2 m. Thus, new magma injection into magma chambers beneath volcanoes can be revealed by ULP ground displacement measured at the surface.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 873-880
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Magma dynamics ; Magma convection ; Magma mixing ; ULP ground displacement ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Early Miocene volcanic activity and paleoenvironment conditions recorded in tephra layers of the AND-2A core (southern McMurdo Sound, Antarctica) (2012)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The ANtarctic geological DRILLing program (ANDRILL) successfully recovered 1138.54 m of core from drillhole, AND-2A, in the Ross Sea sediments (Antarctica). The core is composed of terrigenous claystones, siltstones, sandstones, conglomerates, breccias, and diamictites with abundant volcanic material. In this work we present sedimentological, morphoscopic, petrographic, and geochemical data on pyroclasts recovered from core AND-2A, which provide insights on eruption styles, volcanic sources, and environments of deposition. One pyroclastic fall deposit, 12 resedimented volcaniclastic deposits and 14 volcanogenic sedimentary deposits record a history of intense explosive volcanic activity in southern Victoria Land during the Early Miocene. Tephra were ejected during Subplinian and Plinian eruptions fed by trachytic to rhyolitic magmas and during Strombolian to Hawaiian eruptions fed by basaltic to mugearitic magmas in submarine/subglacial to subaerial environments. The long-lived Mt. Morning eruptive centre, located c. 80 km south of the drillsite, was recognized as the probable volcanic source for these products on the basis of volcanological, geochemical, and age constraints. The study of tephra in the AND-2A core provides important paleoenvironment information by revealing that the deposition of primary and moderately reworked tephra occurred in a proglacial setting under generally open water marine conditions.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1342-1355
    Beschreibung: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Antarctica ; Volcaniclastic sediments ; Paleoenvironment ; Mt. Morning ; Victoria Land Basin ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.05. Paleoclimate ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Pattern recognition of volcanic tremor data on Mt. Etna (Italy) with KKAnalysis — A software program for unsupervised classification (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Continuous seismic monitoring plays a key role in the surveillance of the Mt. Etna volcano. Besides earthquakes, which often herald eruptive episodes, the persistent background signal, known as volcanic tremor, provides important information on the volcano status. Changes in the regimes of activity are usually concurrent with variations in tremor characteristics. As continuous recording leads rapidly to the accumulation of large amounts of data, parameter extraction and automated processing become crucial. We propose techniques of unsupervised classification and present a software, named KKAnalysis, developed for this purpose. Essentials of KKAnalysis are demonstrated on tremor data recorded on Mt. Etna during various states of volcanic activity encountered in 2007 and 2008. KKAnalysis is based on MATLAB and combines various unsupervised pattern recognition techniques, in particular self-organizing maps (SOM) and cluster analysis. An early software version was successfully applied to seismic signals recorded on Mt. Etna during the eruption in 2001. Since each situation may require different configurations, we designed KKAnalysis with a specific GUI allowing users to easily modify parameters. All results are given graphically, in screen plots and metafiles (MATLAB and TIF format), as well as in alphanumeric form. The synoptic visualization of results from SOM and cluster analysis facilitates an immediate inspection. The potential of this representation is demonstrated by focusing on data recorded during a flank eruption on May 13, 2008. Changes of tremor characteristics can be clearly identified at a very early stage, well before enhanced volcanic activity becomes visible in the time series. At the same time, data reduction to less than 1% of the original amount is achieved, which facilitates interpretation and storage of the essential information. Running the program in a typical configuration requires computing time less than 1 min, allowing an on-line application for early warning purposes at INGV–Sezione di Catania
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 953-961
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 5.6. TTC - Attività di Sala Operativa
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Self-Organizing Map ; Cluster Analysis ; K-means ; Fuzzy C-means ; Volcano Seismology ; Volcano Monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.02. Cellular automata, fuzzy logic, genetic alghoritms, neural networks ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
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    On the time-scale of thermal cycles associated with open-vent degassing (2012)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: Thermal imagery obtained with portable infrared cameras is widely used to track and measure volcanic phenomena. In the case of explosive eruptions, both air and ground-based thermal monitoring have enabled collection of data streams from relatively safe distances. Analysis of these data have enabled the characterisation of different explosive regimes, parameterisation of eruptive plumes, and assessment on the dynamics occurring in the shallow system. Here we explore the suitability of infrared imagers for investigating the short time scale eruptive behaviour of three basaltic volcanoes. We present high-time resolution thermal image data-sets recorded at Etna, Stromboli and Kīlauea volcano. At the time of observations, all three exhibited pulsed degassing. Signal processing of the mean apparent temperature time-series highlights four broad classes of cyclic temperature changes at the three volcanoes based on characteristic time-scales revealed in the periodograms: (1) 〈15 s, (2) ~20-50 s, (3) ~1-10 min, and (4) 12–90 min. Based on previous studies and integrating time-series results with qualitative visible and thermal observations and, in case of Kīlauea, also with SO2 column amounts in the plume, we hypothesise that short cycles relate mainly to bursting of overpressured gas bubbles at the magma surface, while long cycles might be associated with mechanisms of gas slug formation and ascent, and to the emplacement and drainage of a lava lake. At Kīlauea, slow fluctuations may reflect periodic variations of the lava lake surface level. The data from all three volcanoes reveal superimposition of degassing cycles of different frequencies, suggesting link through common magmatic processes and physical properties.
    Beschreibung: LS, GGS and CO thank the UK NERC for an urgency grant to carry out the fieldwork on Hawai`i (PI: M. Edmonds). CO also thanks the NERC for funding through the UK National Centre for Earth Observation (Theme 6 “Dynamic Earth and Geohazards”, PI: B. Parsons). GGS acknowledges NOVAC EU-funded Sixth Framework Programme project 18354. The thermal survey carried out at Stromboli by SC was part of the 2007–09 INGV-DPC Project V2 “Paroxysm”.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1281-1292
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Thermal imaging ; SO2 DOAS measurements ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 18
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    Rock magnetism and compositional investigation of Brown Tuffs deposits at Lipari and Vulcano (Aeolian Islands — Italy) (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-06
    Beschreibung: A rock-magnetic investigation was carried out on the nonwelded ash deposits of the Brown Tuffs (Aeolian Islands, southern Tyrrhenian Sea) to improve the stratigraphic correlation between the deposits cropping out on Lipari and Vulcano islands and locate their source area. The study was supplemented by petrographical and geochemical analyses on selected strata, with the intent to compare the Brown Tuffs to other rocks emplaced at Vulcano in the same time span. More than 30 levels were sampled in the intermediate (56± 4 kaNIBTN21–22 ka) and upper (21–22 kaNUBT) parts of the Brown Tuffs sequences on the two islands. Their characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) directions were derived from stepwise thermal demagnetization, and the magnetic fabric from measurements of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. The levels with indistinguishable ChRM directions were regarded as coeval and to form an individual stratigraphic unit. The units were referred to the Brown Tuffs sequence of Lucchi et al. (2008) on the grounds of their emplacement age, provided by comparison of their mean paleomagnetic direction with the paleosecular variation curves of the southern Tyrrhenian region, as well as the field constraints. The closer correlation between the sequences of Lipari and Vulcano contributes to a better understanding of the volcanic activity that produced the Brown Tuffs, and shows that most of the IBT and the oldest UBT levels were emplaced in a short time span, between ≈24 and 20–17 ka. The magnetic fabric is typically well developed, but at most sites the magnetic foliation is very close to horizontal and no imbrication is defined. The source area of the Brown Tuffs parent pyroclastic flows, as constrained from the intersection of the magnetic lineations, falls in the northeastern part of La Fossa Caldera structure. Although limited to major elements, compositional data provide further indication about the parent plumbing system and its behaviour. Magma batch(es) involved in the IBT eruptions have homogeneous features and underwent frequent refilling and tapping processes. Conversely, those involved in the early UBT eruptions are compositionally more variable. This suggests more complex evolution and plumbing system activity: the UBT eruptions represent either residual mafic magmas from the previous eruptions or the arrival of new, fresh shoshonitic magma in the system.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 23-38
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Brown Tuffs ; Magnetic fabric ; pyroclastic rocks ; Aeolian Islands ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
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    Dynamic plumbing system beneath volcanoes revealed by kinetic modeling, and the connection to monitoring data: An example from Mt. Etna (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-27
    Beschreibung: Our ability to monitor volcanoes (using seismic signals, ground deformation, gas fluxes, or other ground and satellite based observations) as well as our understanding of melt reservoirs that feed eruptions have evolved tremendously in recent years. The complex plumbing systems that are thought to feed eruptions are, however, difficult to relate to the monitoring signals. Here we show that the record preserved in compositional zoning of erupted minerals may be used to reconstruct sections of the plumbing system. Kinetic modeling of such zoning can yield information on the residence time of magma in different segments of the plumbing systems. This allows a more nuanced evaluation of the link between observed monitoring signals or eruption styles and the magmatic processes and movement of batches of melts at depth. The approach is illustrated through a study of the compositional zoning recorded in olivine crystals from the 1991–1993 SE-flank eruption products of Mt. Etna (Sicily). The zoning patterns in crystals reveal that the plumbing system of the volcano consisted of at least three different magmatic environments between which magma was transported and mixed in the year or two preceding the start of eruption. Quantification of this history indicates that two main pathways of melt migration and three timescales dominated the dynamics of the system. Combination of this information with the timing of observation of various monitoring signals allows a reconstruction of the dynamic evolution of this section of the plumbing system during the early stages of the 1991–1993 eruption. It is seen, for example, how the migration of melt through the same sections of the plumbing system can cause pre-eruptive triggering, enhance Strombolian activity, and through the ensuing eruption cleanse and flush the plumbing system. Different kinds of mixing occur simultaneously at different sections of the plumbing system on different timescales (a few days up to two years).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 11-22
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Etna ; plumbing system ; olivine ; zoning ; timescales ; monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 20
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    Time-dependent CO2 variations in Lake Albano associated with seismic activity (2012)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-09
    Beschreibung: Lake Albano (Alban Hills volcanic complex, Central Italy) is located in a densely populated area near Rome. The deep lake waters have significant dissolved CO2 concentrations, probably related to sub-lacustrine fluid discharges fed by a pressurized CO2-rich reservoir. The analytical results of geochemical surveys carried out in 1989 2010 highlight the episodes of CO2 removal from the lake. The total mass of dissolved CO2 decreased from ∼5.8× 107 kg in 1989 to ∼0.5×107 kg in 2010, following an exponential decreasing trend. Calculated values of both dissolved inorganic carbon and CO2 concentrations along the vertical profile of the lake indicate that this decrease is caused by CO2 release from the epilimnion, at depth 〈9 m, combined with (1) water circulation at depth 〈95 m and (2) CO2 diffusion from the deeper lake layers. According to this model, Lake Albano was affected by a large CO2 input that coincided with the last important seismic swarm at Alban Hills in 1989, suggesting an intimate relationship between the addition of deep-originated CO2 to the lake and seismic activity. In the case of a CO2 degassing event of an order of magnitude larger than the one that occurred in 1989, the deepest part of Lake Albano would become CO2-saturated, resulting in conditions compatible with the occurrence of a gas outburst. These results reinforce the idea that a sudden CO2 input into the lake may cause the release of a dense gas cloud, presently representing the major volcanic threat for this densely populated area
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 861-871
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Crater lakes ; Limnic eruption ; CO2 outburst ; Lake Albano ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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