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  • *Climate Change  (76)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (76)
  • Springer Nature
  • 2010-2014  (76)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
  • 2013  (50)
  • 2011  (26)
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Keywords
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  • 2010-2014  (76)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    The pace of shifting climate in marine and terrestrial ecosystems (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: Climate change challenges organisms to adapt or move to track changes in environments in space and time. We used two measures of thermal shifts from analyses of global temperatures over the past 50 years to describe the pace of climate change that species should track: the velocity of climate change (geographic shifts of isotherms over time) and the shift in seasonal timing of temperatures. Both measures are higher in the ocean than on land at some latitudes, despite slower ocean warming. These indices give a complex mosaic of predicted range shifts and phenology changes that deviate from simple poleward migration and earlier springs or later falls. They also emphasize potential conservation concerns, because areas of high marine biodiversity often have greater velocities of climate change and seasonal shifts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burrows, Michael T -- Schoeman, David S -- Buckley, Lauren B -- Moore, Pippa -- Poloczanska, Elvira S -- Brander, Keith M -- Brown, Chris -- Bruno, John F -- Duarte, Carlos M -- Halpern, Benjamin S -- Holding, Johnna -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Kiessling, Wolfgang -- O'Connor, Mary I -- Pandolfi, John M -- Parmesan, Camille -- Schwing, Franklin B -- Sydeman, William J -- Richardson, Anthony J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):652-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1210288.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK. michael.burrows@sams.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Climate trends and global crop production since 1980 (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-10
    Description: Efforts to anticipate how climate change will affect future food availability can benefit from understanding the impacts of changes to date. We found that in the cropping regions and growing seasons of most countries, with the important exception of the United States, temperature trends from 1980 to 2008 exceeded one standard deviation of historic year-to-year variability. Models that link yields of the four largest commodity crops to weather indicate that global maize and wheat production declined by 3.8 and 5.5%, respectively, relative to a counterfactual without climate trends. For soybeans and rice, winners and losers largely balanced out. Climate trends were large enough in some countries to offset a significant portion of the increases in average yields that arose from technology, carbon dioxide fertilization, and other factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lobell, David B -- Schlenker, Wolfram -- Costa-Roberts, Justin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):616-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1204531. Epub 2011 May 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Earth System Science and Program on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. dlobell@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Oryza/growth & development ; Regression Analysis ; Seasons ; Soybeans/growth & development ; Temperature ; Triticum/growth & development ; Weather ; Zea mays/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    The southern route "out of Africa": evidence for an early expansion of modern humans into Arabia (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: The timing of the dispersal of anatomically modern humans (AMH) out of Africa is a fundamental question in human evolutionary studies. Existing data suggest a rapid coastal exodus via the Indian Ocean rim around 60,000 years ago. We present evidence from Jebel Faya, United Arab Emirates, demonstrating human presence in eastern Arabia during the last interglacial. The tool kit found at Jebel Faya has affinities to the late Middle Stone Age in northeast Africa, indicating that technological innovation was not necessary to facilitate migration into Arabia. Instead, we propose that low eustatic sea level and increased rainfall during the transition between marine isotope stages 6 and 5 allowed humans to populate Arabia. This evidence implies that AMH may have been present in South Asia before the Toba eruption.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armitage, Simon J -- Jasim, Sabah A -- Marks, Anthony E -- Parker, Adrian G -- Usik, Vitaly I -- Uerpmann, Hans-Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):453-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1199113.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Arabia ; *Archaeology ; Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change ; Emigration and Immigration/*history ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Time ; United Arab Emirates
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Climate. Running out of climate space (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ohlemuller, Ralf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):613-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1214215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, and Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience (IHRR), Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK. ralf.ohlemuller@durham.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Comment on "Erosion of lizard diversity by climate change and altered thermal niches" (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-30
    Description: Using a regionally calibrated model, Sinervo et al. (Reports, 14 May 2010, p. 894) predicted potential climate change impacts on lizard populations and estimated that many extinctions are under way. We argue that this model is not sufficient for predicting global losses in lizard species in response to anthropogenic climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clusella-Trullas, Susana -- Chown, Steven L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 29;332(6029):537; author reply 537. doi: 10.1126/science.1195193.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa. sct333@sun.ac.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Forecasting ; *Lizards ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Global food supply. Linking policy on climate and food (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Godfray, H C J -- Pretty, J -- Thomas, S M -- Warham, E J -- Beddington, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1013-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1202899. Epub 2011 Jan 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Institute of Biodiversity at the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/methods ; *Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Diet ; *Food Supply ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Policy ; Politics ; Research ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Changes in climatic water balance drive downhill shifts in plant species' optimum elevations (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-22
    Description: Uphill shifts of species' distributions in response to historical warming are well documented, which leads to widespread expectations of continued uphill shifts under future warming. Conversely, downhill shifts are often considered anomalous and unrelated to climate change. By comparing the altitudinal distributions of 64 plant species between the 1930s and the present day within California, we show that climate changes have resulted in a significant downward shift in species' optimum elevations. This downhill shift is counter to what would be expected given 20th-century warming but is readily explained by species' niche tracking of regional changes in climatic water balance rather than temperature. Similar downhill shifts can be expected to occur where future climate change scenarios project increases in water availability that outpace evaporative demand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crimmins, Shawn M -- Dobrowski, Solomon Z -- Greenberg, Jonathan A -- Abatzoglou, John T -- Mynsberge, Alison R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 21;331(6015):324-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1199040.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21252344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; California ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Plant Development ; *Plants ; Temperature ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Evolution in the schools. Tennessee House bill opens door to challenges to evolution, climate change (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):295. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6027.295.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493834" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Biological Science Disciplines/*education ; *Climate Change ; Education/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Religion and Science ; Teaching/legislation & jurisprudence ; Tennessee
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    U.S. science funding. Attack on climate studies would shutter entire DOE biology program (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 18;331(6023):1378-9. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6023.1378.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biology ; Budgets ; *Climate Change ; *Environment ; Financing, Government ; Politics ; Research/*economics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics/organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Beyond predictions: biodiversity conservation in a changing climate (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-02
    Description: Climate change is predicted to become a major threat to biodiversity in the 21st century, but accurate predictions and effective solutions have proved difficult to formulate. Alarming predictions have come from a rather narrow methodological base, but a new, integrated science of climate-change biodiversity assessment is emerging, based on multiple sources and approaches. Drawing on evidence from paleoecological observations, recent phenological and microevolutionary responses, experiments, and computational models, we review the insights that different approaches bring to anticipating and managing the biodiversity consequences of climate change, including the extent of species' natural resilience. We introduce a framework that uses information from different sources to identify vulnerability and to support the design of conservation responses. Although much of the information reviewed is on species, our framework and conclusions are also applicable to ecosystems, habitats, ecological communities, and genetic diversity, whether terrestrial, marine, or fresh water.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dawson, Terence P -- Jackson, Stephen T -- House, Joanna I -- Prentice, Iain Colin -- Mace, Georgina M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 1;332(6025):53-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1200303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of the Environment, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21454781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Comment on "Changes in climatic water balance drive downhill shifts in plant species' optimum elevations" (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: Crimmins et al. (Reports, 21 January 2011, p. 324) attributed an apparent downward elevational shift of California plant species to a precipitation-induced decline in climatic water deficit. We show that the authors miscalculated deficit, that the apparent decline in species' elevations is likely a consequence of geographic biases, and that unlike temperature changes, precipitation changes should not be expected to cause coordinated directional shifts in species' elevations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephenson, Nathan L -- Das, Adrian J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):177; author reply 177. doi: 10.1126/science.1205740.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, CA 93271, USA. nstephenson@usgs.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Anthropology. Climate and human evolution (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉deMenocal, Peter B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):540-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1190683.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. peter@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Africa ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Genetic Speciation ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Ruminants ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Varied response of western Pacific hydrology to climate forcings over the last glacial period (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Atmospheric deep convection in the west Pacific plays a key role in the global heat and moisture budgets, yet its response to orbital and abrupt climate change events is poorly resolved. Here, we present four absolutely dated, overlapping stalagmite oxygen isotopic records from northern Borneo that span most of the last glacial cycle. The records suggest that northern Borneo's hydroclimate shifted in phase with precessional forcing but was only weakly affected by glacial-interglacial changes in global climate boundary conditions. Regional convection likely decreased during Heinrich events, but other Northern Hemisphere abrupt climate change events are notably absent. The new records suggest that the deep tropical Pacific hydroclimate variability may have played an important role in shaping the global response to the largest abrupt climate change events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carolin, Stacy A -- Cobb, Kim M -- Adkins, Jess F -- Clark, Brian -- Conroy, Jessica L -- Lejau, Syria -- Malang, Jenny -- Tuen, Andrew A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1564-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1233797. Epub 2013 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. stacy.carolin@gatech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Borneo ; *Climate Change ; Convection ; *Ice Cover ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Environmental science. Water in the balance (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Famiglietti, James S -- Rodell, Matthew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 14;340(6138):1300-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1236460.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UC Center for Hydrologic Modeling, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. jfamigli@uci.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23766323" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agricultural Irrigation ; *Climate Change ; Environmental Monitoring/*methods ; Floods ; Germany ; *Groundwater ; United States ; *Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Climate change conversations (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shakhashiri, Bassam Z -- Bell, Jerry A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 5;340(6128):9. doi: 10.1126/science.1238241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559223" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Information Dissemination ; Science/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    China's food security soiled by contamination (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Yaolin -- Wen, Cheng -- Liu, Xingjian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 22;339(6126):1382-3. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6126.1382-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23520093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Food Supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Science and regulation. End the deadlock on governance of geoengineering research (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parson, Edward A -- Keith, David W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 15;339(6125):1278-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1232527.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Emmett Center for Climate Change and Law, UCLA School of Law, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. parson@law.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23493699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; Earth Sciences/*standards ; *Government Regulation ; Research/*standards ; *Social Control, Informal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Natural systems in changing climates. Once and future climate change. Introduction (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ash, Caroline -- Culotta, Elizabeth -- Fahrenkamp-Uppenbrink, Julia -- Malakoff, David -- Smith, Jesse -- Sugden, Andrew -- Vignieri, Sacha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):472-3. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6145.472.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; Forecasting ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecosystem services: nature's balance sheet (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aspinall, Richard -- Gregory, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 25;342(6157):421. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6157.421-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Decision Support Techniques ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Economic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Paleoclimatology. How to make a great ice age, again and again and again (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 9;341(6146):599. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6146.599.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23929957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate ; *Climate Change ; *Computer Simulation ; *Ice Cover ; *Paleontology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Highly variable El Nino-Southern Oscillation throughout the Holocene (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-05
    Description: The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives large changes in global climate patterns from year to year, yet its sensitivity to continued anthropogenic greenhouse forcing is uncertain. We analyzed fossil coral reconstructions of ENSO spanning the past 7000 years from the Northern Line Islands, located in the center of action for ENSO. The corals document highly variable ENSO activity, with no evidence for a systematic trend in ENSO variance, which is contrary to some models that exhibit a response to insolation forcing over this same period. Twentieth-century ENSO variance is significantly higher than average fossil coral ENSO variance but is not unprecedented. Our results suggest that forced changes in ENSO, whether natural or anthropogenic, may be difficult to detect against a background of large internal variability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cobb, Kim M -- Westphal, Niko -- Sayani, Hussein R -- Watson, Jordan T -- Di Lorenzo, Emanuele -- Cheng, H -- Edwards, R L -- Charles, Christopher D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 4;339(6115):67-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1228246.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. kcobb@eas.gatech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23288537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/*growth & development ; *Climate Change ; *Fossils ; Islands
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
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    The missing mountain water: slower westerlies decrease orographic enhancement in the Pacific Northwest USA (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-03
    Description: Trends in streamflow timing and volume in the Pacific Northwest United States have been attributed to increased temperatures, because trends in precipitation at lower-elevation stations were negligible. We demonstrate that observed streamflow declines are probably associated with declines in mountain precipitation, revealing previously unexplored differential trends. Lower-troposphere winter (November to March) westerlies are strongly correlated with high-elevation precipitation but weakly correlated with low-elevation precipitation. Decreases in lower-tropospheric winter westerlies across the region from 1950 to 2012 are hypothesized to have reduced orographic precipitation enhancement, yielding differential trends in precipitation across elevations and contributing to the decline in annual streamflow. Climate projections show weakened lower-troposphere zonal flow across the region under enhanced greenhouse forcing, highlighting an additional stressor that is relevant for climate change impacts on hydrology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luce, C H -- Abatzoglou, J T -- Holden, Z A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 13;342(6164):1360-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1242335. Epub 2013 Nov 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Forest Service Research and Development, 322 East Front Street, Boise, ID 83702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24292627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; *Climate Change ; Greenhouse Effect ; Northwestern United States ; *Rivers ; *Water Resources
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change. What role for short-lived climate pollutants in mitigation policy? (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shoemaker, J K -- Schrag, D P -- Molina, M J -- Ramanathan, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 13;342(6164):1323-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1240162.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24337280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Environmental Policy ; Environmental Pollutants/*standards ; Fluorocarbons/standards ; Methane/standards ; Ozone/standards ; Soot/standards ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecosystem services: accounting standards (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Obst, Carl -- Edens, Bram -- Hein, Lars -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 25;342(6157):420. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6157.420-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Decision Support Techniques ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Economic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change and infectious diseases: from evidence to a predictive framework (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: Scientists have long predicted large-scale responses of infectious diseases to climate change, giving rise to a polarizing debate, especially concerning human pathogens for which socioeconomic drivers and control measures can limit the detection of climate-mediated changes. Climate change has already increased the occurrence of diseases in some natural and agricultural systems, but in many cases, outcomes depend on the form of climate change and details of the host-pathogen system. In this review, we highlight research progress and gaps that have emerged during the past decade and develop a predictive framework that integrates knowledge from ecophysiology and community ecology with modeling approaches. Future work must continue to anticipate and monitor pathogen biodiversity and disease trends in natural ecosystems and identify opportunities to mitigate the impacts of climate-driven disease emergence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altizer, Sonia -- Ostfeld, Richard S -- Johnson, Pieter T J -- Kutz, Susan -- Harvell, C Drew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):514-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1239401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. saltizer@uga.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; Communicable Diseases/*epidemiology/transmission ; Extinction, Biological ; Health ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Prognosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change. Climate's dark forcings (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andreae, Meinrat O -- Ramanathan, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):280-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1235731.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55020 Mainz, Germany. m.andreae@mpic.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*analysis ; *Climate Change ; Seasons ; Soot/*chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Geoengineering: guidance exists (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corden, Pierce S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 3;340(6132):548. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6132.548-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641091" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; Earth Sciences/*standards ; *Government Regulation ; Research/*standards ; *Social Control, Informal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change. Dr. Cool (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 18;342(6156):307-9. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6156.307.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24136948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Cold Temperature ; Earth Sciences/history/*methods ; Engineering/history/*methods ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Ozone/chemistry ; Sulfuric Acids/chemistry ; Volatilization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate science. For researchers, IPCC leaves a deep impression (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 4;342(6154):24. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6154.24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24092708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; *Research Report
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Understanding lakes near and far (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hampton, Stephanie E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 15;342(6160):815-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1244732.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24233716" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Lakes ; Microalgae ; Plankton ; Satellite Imagery ; *Water Pollution
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Wetlands. Can coastal marshes rise above it all? (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):480-1. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6145.480.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Rhode Island ; *Seawater ; *Wetlands
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change. Hansen's retirement from NASA spurs look at his legacy (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 3;340(6132):540-1. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6132.540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Public Policy ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/*organization & ; administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 33
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    Climate events synchronize the dynamics of a resident vertebrate community in the high Arctic (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: Recently accumulated evidence has documented a climate impact on the demography and dynamics of single species, yet the impact at the community level is poorly understood. Here, we show that in Svalbard in the high Arctic, extreme weather events synchronize population fluctuations across an entire community of resident vertebrate herbivores and cause lagged correlations with the secondary consumer, the arctic fox. This synchronization is mainly driven by heavy rain on snow that encapsulates the vegetation in ice and blocks winter forage availability for herbivores. Thus, indirect and bottom-up climate forcing drives the population dynamics across all overwintering vertebrates. Icing is predicted to become more frequent in the circumpolar Arctic and may therefore strongly affect terrestrial ecosystem characteristics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, Brage B -- Grotan, Vidar -- Aanes, Ronny -- Saether, Bernt-Erik -- Stien, Audun -- Fuglei, Eva -- Ims, Rolf A -- Yoccoz, Nigel G -- Pedersen, Ashild O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 18;339(6117):313-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1226766.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. brage.b.hansen@ntnu.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; *Climate Change ; Foxes/*physiology ; Galliformes/*physiology ; Herbivory ; Ice Cover ; Population Dynamics ; Rain ; Reindeer/*physiology ; Snow
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Land use. Managing forests and fire in changing climates (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephens, S L -- Agee, J K -- Fule, P Z -- North, M P -- Romme, W H -- Swetnam, T W -- Turner, M G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 4;342(6154):41-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1240294.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. sstephens@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24092714" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: California ; *Climate Change ; Disasters/*prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; Fires/*prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; *Policy Making ; *Trees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A call for integrative thinking (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rapport, David J -- Maffi, Luisa -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1032. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6123.1032-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Ice Cover
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change impacts (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):435. doi: 10.1126/science.1243256.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; Forecasting ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environmental science. Global change and mercury (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krabbenhoft, David P -- Sunderland, Elsie M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 27;341(6153):1457-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1242838.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Geological Survey, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI 53562, USA. dpkrabbe@usgs.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Climate Change ; Environmental Exposure ; Gases/analysis ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Mercury/*analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change. Losing arable land, China faces stark choice: adapt or go hungry (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larson, Christina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):644-5. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6120.644.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23393241" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/methods ; China ; *Climate Change ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Food Supply ; Oryza/growth & development ; Triticum/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Annually resolved ice core records of tropical climate variability over the past ~1800 years (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-06
    Description: Ice cores from low latitudes can provide a wealth of unique information about past climate in the tropics, but they are difficult to recover and few exist. Here, we report annually resolved ice core records from the Quelccaya ice cap (5670 meters above sea level) in Peru that extend back ~1800 years and provide a high-resolution record of climate variability there. Oxygen isotopic ratios (delta(18)O) are linked to sea surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific, whereas concentrations of ammonium and nitrate document the dominant role played by the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the region of the tropical Andes. Quelccaya continues to retreat and thin. Radiocarbon dates on wetland plants exposed along its retreating margins indicate that it has not been smaller for at least six millennia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, L G -- Mosley-Thompson, E -- Davis, M E -- Zagorodnov, V S -- Howat, I M -- Mikhalenko, V N -- Lin, P-N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 24;340(6135):945-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1234210. Epub 2013 Apr 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. thompson.3@osu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23558172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Ice Cover ; Nitrates/analysis ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Peru ; Plants ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/analysis ; *Tropical Climate ; Wetlands
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Abrupt shifts in Horn of Africa hydroclimate since the Last Glacial Maximum (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-12
    Description: The timing and abruptness of the initiation and termination of the Early Holocene African Humid Period are subjects of ongoing debate, with direct consequences for our understanding of abrupt climate change, paleoenvironments, and early human cultural development. Here, we provide proxy evidence from the Horn of Africa region that documents abrupt transitions into and out of the African Humid Period in northeast Africa. Similar and generally synchronous abrupt transitions at other East African sites suggest that rapid shifts in hydroclimate are a regionally coherent feature. Our analysis suggests that the termination of the African Humid Period in the Horn of Africa occurred within centuries, underscoring the nonlinearity of the region's hydroclimate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tierney, Jessica E -- deMenocal, Peter B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 15;342(6160):843-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1240411. Epub 2013 Oct 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02540, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24114782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Eastern ; *Climate Change ; *Humidity ; *Ice Cover ; Paleontology ; *Tropical Climate
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environmental science. Pollutants capture the high ground in the Himalayas (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qiu, Jane -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1030-1. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6123.1030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols ; *Air Pollutants ; *Air Pollution ; *Altitude ; *Climate Change ; *Dust ; *Ice Cover ; Nepal ; *Soot
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Zircon U-Pb geochronology links the end-Triassic extinction with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: The end-Triassic extinction is characterized by major losses in both terrestrial and marine diversity, setting the stage for dinosaurs to dominate Earth for the next 136 million years. Despite the approximate coincidence between this extinction and flood basalt volcanism, existing geochronologic dates have insufficient resolution to confirm eruptive rates required to induce major climate perturbations. Here, we present new zircon uranium-lead (U-Pb) geochronologic constraints on the age and duration of flood basalt volcanism within the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. This chronology demonstrates synchroneity between the earliest volcanism and extinction, tests and corroborates the existing astrochronologic time scale, and shows that the release of magma and associated atmospheric flux occurred in four pulses over about 600,000 years, indicating expansive volcanism even as the biologic recovery was under way.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blackburn, Terrence J -- Olsen, Paul E -- Bowring, Samuel A -- McLean, Noah M -- Kent, Dennis V -- Puffer, John -- McHone, Greg -- Rasbury, E Troy -- Et-Touhami, Mohammed -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 24;340(6135):941-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1234204. Epub 2013 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. tblackburn@ciw.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean ; *Climate Change ; *Earth (Planet) ; *Lead ; *Silicates ; Time Factors ; *Uranium ; *Volcanic Eruptions ; *Zirconium
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "Changes in climatic water balance drive downhill shifts in plant species' optimum elevations" (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: Crimmins et al. (Reports, 21 January 2011, p. 324) reported that plant species moved downhill between 1935 and 2005. They compared plot data for two time periods, ignoring that the modern plots were farther north than the historical plots. I contend that there is no support for a general downhill shift after correcting for this geographic bias.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hijmans, Robert J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):177; author reply 177. doi: 10.1126/science.1203791.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. rhijmans@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants ; *Water
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Interplay between changing climate and species' ecology drives macroevolutionary dynamics (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-16
    Description: Ecological change provokes speciation and extinction, but our knowledge of the interplay among the biotic and abiotic drivers of macroevolution remains limited. Using the unparalleled fossil record of Cenozoic macroperforate planktonic foraminifera, we demonstrate that macroevolutionary dynamics depend on the interaction between species' ecology and the changing climate. This interplay drives diversification but differs between speciation probability and extinction risk: Speciation was more strongly shaped by diversity dependence than by climate change, whereas the reverse was true for extinction. Crucially, no single ecology was optimal in all environments, and species with distinct ecologies had significantly different probabilities of speciation and extinction. The ensuing macroevolutionary dynamics depend fundamentally on the ecological structure of species' assemblages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ezard, Thomas H G -- Aze, Tracy -- Pearson, Paul N -- Purvis, Andy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):349-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1203060.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK. t.ezard@surrey.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Foraminifera/cytology/genetics/physiology ; *Fossils ; *Genetic Speciation ; Phylogeny ; Plankton/cytology/genetics/physiology ; Time
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    The response of vegetation on the Andean flank in western Amazonia to Pleistocene climate change (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: A reconstruction of past environmental change from Ecuador reveals the response of lower montane forest on the Andean flank in western Amazonia to glacial-interglacial global climate change. Radiometric dating of volcanic ash indicates that deposition occurred ~324,000 to 193,000 years ago during parts of Marine Isotope Stages 9, 7, and 6. Fossil pollen and wood preserved within organic sediments suggest that the composition of the forest altered radically in response to glacial-interglacial climate change. The presence of Podocarpus macrofossils ~1000 meters below the lower limit of their modern distribution indicates a relative cooling of at least 5 degrees C during glacials and persistence of wet conditions. Interglacial deposits contain thermophilic palms suggesting warm and wet climates. Hence, global temperature change can radically alter vegetation communities and biodiversity in this region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cardenas, Macarena L -- Gosling, William D -- Sherlock, Sarah C -- Poole, Imogen -- Pennington, R Toby -- Mothes, Patricia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1055-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1197947.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CEPSAR, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK. m.l.cardenas@open.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; Fires ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; *Plants ; Pollen ; *Trees ; Volcanic Eruptions
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    Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: The distributions of many terrestrial organisms are currently shifting in latitude or elevation in response to changing climate. Using a meta-analysis, we estimated that the distributions of species have recently shifted to higher elevations at a median rate of 11.0 meters per decade, and to higher latitudes at a median rate of 16.9 kilometers per decade. These rates are approximately two and three times faster than previously reported. The distances moved by species are greatest in studies showing the highest levels of warming, with average latitudinal shifts being generally sufficient to track temperature changes. However, individual species vary greatly in their rates of change, suggesting that the range shift of each species depends on multiple internal species traits and external drivers of change. Rapid average shifts derive from a wide diversity of responses by individual species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, I-Ching -- Hill, Jane K -- Ohlemuller, Ralf -- Roy, David B -- Thomas, Chris D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):1024-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1206432.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Geography ; Population Dynamics ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors
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    Food for thought on climate policy (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Subhadra, Bobban G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 8;332(6026):173. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6026.173-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21474736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Biofuels ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate Change ; *Food Supply ; Policy
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  • 48
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    Atmospheric carbon injection linked to end-Triassic mass extinction (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: The end-Triassic mass extinction (~201.4 million years ago), marked by terrestrial ecosystem turnover and up to ~50% loss in marine biodiversity, has been attributed to intensified volcanic activity during the break-up of Pangaea. Here, we present compound-specific carbon-isotope data of long-chain n-alkanes derived from waxes of land plants, showing a ~8.5 per mil negative excursion, coincident with the extinction interval. These data indicate strong carbon-13 depletion of the end-Triassic atmosphere, within only 10,000 to 20,000 years. The magnitude and rate of this carbon-cycle disruption can be explained by the injection of at least ~12 x 10(3) gigatons of isotopically depleted carbon as methane into the atmosphere. Concurrent vegetation changes reflect strong warming and an enhanced hydrological cycle. Hence, end-Triassic events are robustly linked to methane-derived massive carbon release and associated climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruhl, Micha -- Bonis, Nina R -- Reichart, Gert-Jan -- Sinninghe Damste, Jaap S -- Kurschner, Wolfram M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):430-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1204255.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Palaeoecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, NL-3584 CD, Utrecht, Netherlands. micharuhl@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkanes/chemistry ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Biodiversity ; Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Carbon Isotopes/*analysis ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Methane/*analysis ; Plants/chemistry ; Time
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    Ecology. Communities under climate change (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nogues-Bravo, David -- Rahbek, Carsten -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1070-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1214833.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. dnogues@bio.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116871" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Invertebrates ; *Predatory Behavior
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    The influence of Late Quaternary climate-change velocity on species endemism (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-10-08
    Description: The effects of climate change on biodiversity should depend in part on climate displacement rate (climate-change velocity) and its interaction with species' capacity to migrate. We estimated Late Quaternary glacial-interglacial climate-change velocity by integrating macroclimatic shifts since the Last Glacial Maximum with topoclimatic gradients. Globally, areas with high velocities were associated with marked absences of small-ranged amphibians, mammals, and birds. The association between endemism and velocity was weakest in the highly vagile birds and strongest in the weakly dispersing amphibians, linking dispersal ability to extinction risk due to climate change. High velocity was also associated with low endemism at regional scales, especially in wet and aseasonal regions. Overall, we show that low-velocity areas are essential refuges for Earth's many small-ranged species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sandel, B -- Arge, L -- Dalsgaard, B -- Davies, R G -- Gaston, K J -- Sutherland, W J -- Svenning, J-C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):660-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1210173. Epub 2011 Oct 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity Group, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark. brody.sandel@biology.au.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphibians ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Birds ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Mammals ; Time Factors
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    Ecology. Out of the frying pan? (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 18;334(6058):890-1. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6058.890.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Northwestern United States ; Pacific Ocean ; *Rivers/chemistry ; *Salmon ; Seawater ; Temperature ; Water Movements
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    Comment on "The response of vegetation on the Andean flank in western Amazonia to Pleistocene climate change" (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-01
    Description: Cardenas et al. (Reports, 25 February 2011, p. 1055) used the presence of Podocarpus pollen and wood to infer 〉/=5 degrees C cooling of Andean forests during Quaternary glacial periods. We show that (i) Podocarpus has a wide elevation range in the Neotropics, and (ii) edaphic factors cannot be discounted as a factor governing its distribution. Paleoecologists should therefore reevaluate Podocarpus as a cool-temperature proxy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Punyasena, Surangi W -- Dalling, James W -- Jaramillo, Carlos -- Turner, Benjamin L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 30;333(6051):1825; author reply 1825. doi: 10.1126/science.1207525.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801-3750, USA. punyasena@life.illinois.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21960612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; *Plants ; *Trees
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    Comment on "Changes in climatic water balance drive downhill shifts in plant species' optimum elevations" (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: Crimmins et al. (Reports, 21 January 2011, p. 324) presented a study that purports to show that plants in California are shifting downslope to maintain a constant water deficit. We argue that the results are limited in scope to just a handful of woody species in one part of the state and are confounded by methodological errors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolf, Adam -- Anderegg, William R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):177; author reply 177. doi: 10.1126/science.1204607.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. adamwolf@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998369" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants ; *Water
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    Climate change, keystone predation, and biodiversity loss (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-26
    Description: Climate change can affect organisms both directly via physiological stress and indirectly via changing relationships among species. However, we do not fully understand how changing interspecific relationships contribute to community- and ecosystem-level responses to environmental forcing. I used experiments and spatial and temporal comparisons to demonstrate that warming substantially reduces predator-free space on rocky shores. The vertical extent of mussel beds decreased by 51% in 52 years, and reproductive populations of mussels disappeared at several sites. Prey species were able to occupy a hot, extralimital site if predation pressure was experimentally reduced, and local species richness more than doubled as a result. These results suggest that anthropogenic climate change can alter interspecific interactions and produce unexpected changes in species distributions, community structure, and diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harley, Christopher D G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1124-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1210199.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada. harley@zoology.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Biodiversity ; Bivalvia ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments ; *Invertebrates ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; *Predatory Behavior ; Starfish ; Temperature ; Thoracica
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change. Preparing for resettlement associated with climate change (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Sherbinin, A -- Castro, M -- Gemenne, F -- Cernea, M M -- Adamo, S -- Fearnside, P M -- Krieger, G -- Lahmani, S -- Oliver-Smith, A -- Pankhurst, A -- Scudder, T -- Singer, B -- Tan, Y -- Wannier, G -- Boncour, P -- Ehrhart, C -- Hugo, G -- Pandey, B -- Shi, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):456-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1208821.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), The Earth Institute, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. adesherbinin@ciesin.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034418" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Environment ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Public Health ; Social Change
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate-forced variability of ocean hypoxia (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Oxygen (O(2)) is a critical constraint on marine ecosystems. As oceanic O(2) falls to hypoxic concentrations, habitability for aerobic organisms decreases rapidly. We show that the spatial extent of hypoxia is highly sensitive to small changes in the ocean's O(2) content, with maximum responses at suboxic concentrations where anaerobic metabolisms predominate. In model-based reconstructions of historical oxygen changes, the world's largest suboxic zone, in the Pacific Ocean, varies in size by a factor of 2. This is attributable to climate-driven changes in the depth of the tropical and subtropical thermocline that have multiplicative effects on respiration rates in low-O(2) water. The same mechanism yields even larger fluctuations in the rate of nitrogen removal by denitrification, creating a link between decadal climate oscillations and the nutrient limitation of marine photosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deutsch, Curtis -- Brix, Holger -- Ito, Taka -- Frenzel, Hartmut -- Thompson, LuAnne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 15;333(6040):336-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1202422. Epub 2011 Jun 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. cdeutsch@atmos.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21659566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; *Climate Change ; Computer Simulation ; Denitrification ; *Ecosystem ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/*analysis/metabolism ; Pacific Ocean ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The more parasites, the better? (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlson, Colin J -- Cizauskas, Carrie A -- Burgio, Kevin R -- Clements, Christopher F -- Harris, Nyeema C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 29;342(6162):1041. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6162.1041-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate Change ; Communicable Diseases/*epidemiology ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Human evolution. How a fickle climate made us human (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):474-9. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6145.474.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Kenya ; *Paleontology ; Poaceae ; Rain
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate science. The IPCC gains confidence in key forecast (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 4;342(6154):23-4. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6154.23-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24092706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; Consensus ; Forecasting ; Global Warming ; Humans ; *Research Report
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change impacts on global food security (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: Climate change could potentially interrupt progress toward a world without hunger. A robust and coherent global pattern is discernible of the impacts of climate change on crop productivity that could have consequences for food availability. The stability of whole food systems may be at risk under climate change because of short-term variability in supply. However, the potential impact is less clear at regional scales, but it is likely that climate variability and change will exacerbate food insecurity in areas currently vulnerable to hunger and undernutrition. Likewise, it can be anticipated that food access and utilization will be affected indirectly via collateral effects on household and individual incomes, and food utilization could be impaired by loss of access to drinking water and damage to health. The evidence supports the need for considerable investment in adaptation and mitigation actions toward a "climate-smart food system" that is more resilient to climate change influences on food security.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wheeler, Tim -- von Braun, Joachim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):508-13. doi: 10.1126/science.1239402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Walker Institute for Climate System Research, Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, Reading, UK. t.r.wheeler@reading.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; Crops, Agricultural ; Decision Making ; *Food Supply ; Humans ; *Hunger
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecosystem services: the farmers' challenge (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graham, Andrea -- Ferrier, Helen -- Mitchell, Diane -- Jones, Ceris -- Bicknell, Philip -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 25;342(6157):420-1. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6157.420-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Policy Services, Agriculture House, National Farmers' Union, Stoneleigh, Warwickshire, CV82TZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Decision Support Techniques ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Economic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Geography. Tree line shifts (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):484. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6145.484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908223" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arizona ; Cactaceae ; *Climate Change ; History, 19th Century ; Photography/history ; Seedlings ; Sweden ; *Trees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Global change. The psst that pierced the sky is now churning the sea (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):500. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6119.500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23371987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chlorofluorocarbons/*chemistry ; *Climate Change ; Environmental Monitoring ; *Ozone Depletion ; Seawater/*chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Geography. Tundra in turmoil (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):483-4. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6145.483.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arctic Regions ; *Climate Change ; Humans ; *Introduced Species ; *Plants
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    Rapid adaptation to climate facilitates range expansion of an invasive plant (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-19
    Description: Adaptation to climate, evolving over contemporary time scales, could facilitate rapid range expansion across environmental gradients. Here, we examine local adaptation along a climatic gradient in the North American invasive plant Lythrum salicaria. We show that the evolution of earlier flowering is adaptive at the northern invasion front where it increases fitness as much as, or more than, the effects of enemy release and the evolution of increased competitive ability. However, early flowering decreases investment in vegetative growth, which reduces fitness by a factor of 3 in southern environments where the North American invasion commenced. Our results demonstrate that local adaptation can evolve quickly during range expansion, overcoming environmental constraints on propagule production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colautti, Robert I -- Barrett, Spencer C H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 18;342(6156):364-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1242121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3B2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24136968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization/genetics/*physiology ; *Climate Change ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Fitness ; Lythrum/genetics/*physiology ; Plant Weeds/genetics/*physiology
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    Climate change. Out of the African Humid Period (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bard, Edouard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 15;342(6160):808-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1246519.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College de France and CEREGE (Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, CdF), Aix-en-Provence F-13545, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24233711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Humidity ; *Ice Cover ; *Tropical Climate
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecosystem services: response (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bateman, Ian J -- Harwood, Amii R -- Mace, Georgina M -- Watson, Robert T -- Abson, David J -- Andrews, Barnaby -- Binner, Amy -- Crowe, Andrew -- Day, Brett H -- Dugdale, Steve -- Fezzi, Carlo -- Foden, Jo -- Hadley, David -- Haines-Young, Roy -- Hulme, Mark -- Kontoleon, Andreas -- Lovett, Andrew A -- Munday, Paul -- Pascual, Unai -- Paterson, James -- Perino, Grischa -- Sen, Antara -- Siriwardena, Gavin -- van Soest, Daan -- Termansen, Mette -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 25;342(6157):421-2. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6157.421-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Decision Support Techniques ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Economic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Bringing ecosystem services into economic decision-making: land use in the United Kingdom (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-06
    Description: Landscapes generate a wide range of valuable ecosystem services, yet land-use decisions often ignore the value of these services. Using the example of the United Kingdom, we show the significance of land-use change not only for agricultural production but also for emissions and sequestration of greenhouse gases, open-access recreational visits, urban green space, and wild-species diversity. We use spatially explicit models in conjunction with valuation methods to estimate comparable economic values for these services, taking account of climate change impacts. We show that, although decisions that focus solely on agriculture reduce overall ecosystem service values, highly significant value increases can be obtained from targeted planning by incorporating all potential services and their values and that this approach also conserves wild-species diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bateman, Ian J -- Harwood, Amii R -- Mace, Georgina M -- Watson, Robert T -- Abson, David J -- Andrews, Barnaby -- Binner, Amy -- Crowe, Andrew -- Day, Brett H -- Dugdale, Steve -- Fezzi, Carlo -- Foden, Jo -- Hadley, David -- Haines-Young, Roy -- Hulme, Mark -- Kontoleon, Andreas -- Lovett, Andrew A -- Munday, Paul -- Pascual, Unai -- Paterson, James -- Perino, Grischa -- Sen, Antara -- Siriwardena, Gavin -- van Soest, Daan -- Termansen, Mette -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 5;341(6141):45-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1234379.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK. i.bateman@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23828934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Decision Making ; *Decision Support Techniques ; *Ecosystem ; Great Britain ; Marketing ; *Models, Economic
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    Climate change. What are climate models missing? (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stevens, Bjorn -- Bony, Sandrine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 31;340(6136):1053-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1237554.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg Germany. bjorn.stevens@mpimet.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23723223" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Air Movements ; *Atmosphere ; *Climate Change ; Earth (Planet) ; Global Warming ; *Models, Theoretical ; Rain ; Uncertainty
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    Ecological consequences of sea-ice decline (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: After a decade with nine of the lowest arctic sea-ice minima on record, including the historically low minimum in 2012, we synthesize recent developments in the study of ecological responses to sea-ice decline. Sea-ice loss emerges as an important driver of marine and terrestrial ecological dynamics, influencing productivity, species interactions, population mixing, gene flow, and pathogen and disease transmission. Major challenges in the near future include assigning clearer attribution to sea ice as a primary driver of such dynamics, especially in terrestrial systems, and addressing pressures arising from human use of arctic coastal and near-shore areas as sea ice diminishes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Post, Eric -- Bhatt, Uma S -- Bitz, Cecilia M -- Brodie, Jedediah F -- Fulton, Tara L -- Hebblewhite, Mark -- Kerby, Jeffrey -- Kutz, Susan J -- Stirling, Ian -- Walker, Donald A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):519-24. doi: 10.1126/science.1235225.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Polar Center, and Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. esp10@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908231" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; Arctic Regions ; *Climate Change ; Humans ; *Ice Cover ; Invertebrates ; Plant Development ; *Seawater ; Vertebrates
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 71
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    Changes in ecologically critical terrestrial climate conditions (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: Terrestrial ecosystems have encountered substantial warming over the past century, with temperatures increasing about twice as rapidly over land as over the oceans. Here, we review the likelihood of continued changes in terrestrial climate, including analyses of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project global climate model ensemble. Inertia toward continued emissions creates potential 21st-century global warming that is comparable in magnitude to that of the largest global changes in the past 65 million years but is orders of magnitude more rapid. The rate of warming implies a velocity of climate change and required range shifts of up to several kilometers per year, raising the prospect of daunting challenges for ecosystems, especially in the context of extensive land use and degradation, changes in frequency and severity of extreme events, and interactions with other stresses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diffenbaugh, Noah S -- Field, Christopher B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):486-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1237123.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. diffenbaugh@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Forecasting ; Global Warming ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Population growth in a wild bird is buffered against phenological mismatch (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: Broad-scale environmental changes are altering patterns of natural selection in the wild, but few empirical studies have quantified the demographic cost of sustained directional selection in response to these changes. We tested whether population growth in a wild bird is negatively affected by climate change-induced phenological mismatch, using almost four decades of individual-level life-history data from a great tit population. In this population, warmer springs have generated a mismatch between the annual breeding time and the seasonal food peak, intensifying directional selection for earlier laying dates. Interannual variation in population mismatch has not, however, affected population growth. We demonstrated a mechanism contributing to this uncoupling, whereby fitness losses associated with mismatch are counteracted by fitness gains due to relaxed competition. These findings imply that natural populations may be able to tolerate considerable maladaptation driven by shifting climatic conditions without undergoing immediate declines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reed, Thomas E -- Grotan, Vidar -- Jenouvrier, Stephanie -- Saether, Bernt-Erik -- Visser, Marcel E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):488-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1232870.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands. t.reed@nioo.knaw.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Breeding ; *Climate Change ; Computer Simulation ; Female ; *Genetic Fitness ; Models, Biological ; Passeriformes/genetics/*physiology ; Population Growth ; *Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change and the past, present, and future of biotic interactions (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: Biotic interactions drive key ecological and evolutionary processes and mediate ecosystem responses to climate change. The direction, frequency, and intensity of biotic interactions can in turn be altered by climate change. Understanding the complex interplay between climate and biotic interactions is thus essential for fully anticipating how ecosystems will respond to the fast rates of current warming, which are unprecedented since the end of the last glacial period. We highlight episodes of climate change that have disrupted ecosystems and trophic interactions over time scales ranging from years to millennia by changing species' relative abundances and geographic ranges, causing extinctions, and creating transient and novel communities dominated by generalist species and interactions. These patterns emerge repeatedly across disparate temporal and spatial scales, suggesting the possibility of similar underlying processes. Based on these findings, we identify knowledge gaps and fruitful areas for research that will further our understanding of the effects of climate change on ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blois, Jessica L -- Zarnetske, Phoebe L -- Fitzpatrick, Matthew C -- Finnegan, Seth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):499-504. doi: 10.1126/science.1237184.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA. jblois@ucmerced.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Forecasting ; Fossils ; Invertebrates ; Plants
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 74
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    The future of species under climate change: resilience or decline? (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: As climates change across already stressed ecosystems, there is no doubt that species will be affected, but to what extent and which will be most vulnerable remain uncertain. The fossil record suggests that most species persisted through past climate change, whereas forecasts of future impacts predict large-scale range reduction and extinction. Many species have altered range limits and phenotypes through 20th-century climate change, but responses are highly variable. The proximate causes of species decline relative to resilience remain largely obscure; however, recent examples of climate-associated species decline can help guide current management in parallel with ongoing research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moritz, Craig -- Agudo, Rosa -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):504-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1237190.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research School of Biology and Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. gekkojessie@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Forecasting ; Mammals ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change. Hell and high water: practice-relevant adaptation science (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moss, R H -- Meehl, G A -- Lemos, M C -- Smith, J B -- Arnold, J R -- Arnott, J C -- Behar, D -- Brasseur, G P -- Broomell, S B -- Busalacchi, A J -- Dessai, S -- Ebi, K L -- Edmonds, J A -- Furlow, J -- Goddard, L -- Hartmann, H C -- Hurrell, J W -- Katzenberger, J W -- Liverman, D M -- Mote, P W -- Moser, S C -- Kumar, A -- Pulwarty, R S -- Seyller, E A -- Turner, B L 2nd -- Washington, W M -- Wilbanks, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 8;342(6159):696-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1239569.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24202163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Disaster Planning ; *Floods ; Research/*organization & administration ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Geoengineering: perilous particles (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fadeel, Bengt -- Karlsson, Hanna L -- Bhattacharya, Kunal -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 3;340(6132):548-9. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6132.548-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; Earth Sciences/*standards ; *Government Regulation ; Research/*standards ; *Social Control, Informal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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