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  • United States  (266)
  • Cells, Cultured
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (322)
  • Academic Press
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
  • transcript Verlag
  • 2000-2004  (322)
  • 2002  (322)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (322)
  • Academic Press
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
  • transcript Verlag
Years
  • 2000-2004  (322)
Year
  • 1
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    Genetics. Please don't call it cloning! (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogelstein, Bert -- Alberts, Bruce -- Shine, Kenneth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1237.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. vogelbe@welch.jhu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioethical Issues ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Organism/legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Humans ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; *Stem Cells ; *Terminology as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Control of synaptic strength by glial TNFalpha (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: Activity-dependent modulation of synaptic efficacy in the brain contributes to neural circuit development and experience-dependent plasticity. Although glia are affected by activity and ensheathe synapses, their influence on synaptic strength has largely been ignored. Here, we show that a protein produced by glia, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), enhances synaptic efficacy by increasing surface expression of AMPA receptors. Preventing the actions of endogenous TNFalpha has the opposite effects. Thus, the continual presence of TNFalpha is required for preservation of synaptic strength at excitatory synapses. Through its effects on AMPA receptor trafficking, TNFalpha may play roles in synaptic plasticity and modulating responses to neural injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beattie, Eric C -- Stellwagen, David -- Morishita, Wade -- Bresnahan, Jacqueline C -- Ha, Byeong Keun -- Von Zastrow, Mark -- Beattie, Michael S -- Malenka, Robert C -- DA00439/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH063394/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 31193/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS38079/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2282-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. beattie.2@osu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/pharmacology ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Synapses/drug effects/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Genomic instability in mice lacking histone H2AX (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: Higher order chromatin structure presents a barrier to the recognition and repair of DNA damage. Double-strand breaks (DSBs) induce histone H2AX phosphorylation, which is associated with the recruitment of repair factors to damaged DNA. To help clarify the physiological role of H2AX, we targeted H2AX in mice. Although H2AX is not essential for irradiation-induced cell-cycle checkpoints, H2AX-/- mice were radiation sensitive, growth retarded, and immune deficient, and mutant males were infertile. These pleiotropic phenotypes were associated with chromosomal instability, repair defects, and impaired recruitment of Nbs1, 53bp1, and Brca1, but not Rad51, to irradiation-induced foci. Thus, H2AX is critical for facilitating the assembly of specific DNA-repair complexes on damaged DNA.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721576/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721576/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Celeste, Arkady -- Petersen, Simone -- Romanienko, Peter J -- Fernandez-Capetillo, Oscar -- Chen, Hua Tang -- Sedelnikova, Olga A -- Reina-San-Martin, Bernardo -- Coppola, Vincenzo -- Meffre, Eric -- Difilippantonio, Michael J -- Redon, Christophe -- Pilch, Duane R -- Olaru, Alexandru -- Eckhaus, Michael -- Camerini-Otero, R Daniel -- Tessarollo, Lino -- Livak, Ferenc -- Manova, Katia -- Bonner, William M -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- Nussenzweig, Andre -- Z99 CA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):922-7. Epub 2002 Apr 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11934988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Aging ; Cell Cycle ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Histones/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching ; Infertility, Male/genetics/physiopathology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Spermatocytes/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Planetary science. NASA's new road to faster, cheaper, better exploration (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1320-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12434031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *Planets ; Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic ; Solar System ; Space Flight/*economics/*organization & administration/trends ; Spacecraft ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space ; Administration/*economics/*organization & administration/trends
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Smallpox research. World health body fires starting gun (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1383.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Specimen Banks ; *Research ; Russia ; United States ; *Variola virus ; *World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Intellectual property. DuPont ups ante on use of Harvard's OncoMouse (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1212.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Mice ; *Mice, Transgenic ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Neoplasms, Experimental ; *Patents as Topic ; United States ; Universities/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Signal transduction. History matters (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ingolia, Nicholas T -- Murray, Andrew W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):948-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Bauer Center for Genomics Research, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cells, Cultured ; Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 ; *Feedback, Physiological ; Immediate-Early Proteins/*metabolism ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; *Phosphoprotein Phosphatases ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Phosphatase 1 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Homeland security. New agency contains strong science arm (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 22;298(5598):1534.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446877" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioterrorism ; Financing, Government ; Government Agencies/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/*organization & ; administration ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research/*organization & administration ; Research Support as Topic ; Security Measures/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/*organization & ; administration ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Historical essay. The early years of HIV/AIDS (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallo, Robert C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1728-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Human Virology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Serodiagnosis/history ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/*history/immunology/virology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; France ; *HIV/classification/isolation & purification/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/isolation & purification/physiology ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 2/isolation & purification/physiology ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/history/isolation & purification/physiology ; Patents as Topic/history ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/history/isolation & purification/metabolism ; United States ; Virus Cultivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    A space age vision advances in the clinic (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1000-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cardiac Output, Low/surgery/*therapy ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Device Approval ; Equipment Design ; Heart Failure/surgery/*therapy ; *Heart, Artificial/economics ; *Heart-Assist Devices ; Humans ; Medicare ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Cancer drugs. Smart weapons prove tough to design (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):522-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Benzamides ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Drug Approval ; Drug Industry ; Epidermal Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Lung Neoplasms/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Patient Selection ; Piperazines/therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines/therapeutic use ; Quinazolines/*therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    Biomedical appointments. White House adviser tapped to head FDA (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):36-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 21st Century ; Politics ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Regulating natural health products (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lashof, Joyce C -- Margen, Sheldon -- Swartzberg, John E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):46-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11962490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Dietary Supplements ; *Legislation, Food ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Collaborating on public health issues (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ozonoff, David -- Robbins, Anthony -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12030273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: New England ; *Public Health/manpower ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    The International Space Station at risk (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, Laurence R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):429.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; *International Cooperation ; *Research ; *Space Flight/economics ; *Spacecraft/economics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Space station. Report boosts work in physical sciences (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1315-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12434026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Materials Testing ; Physical Phenomena ; *Physics ; Research Support as Topic ; Space Flight/*organization & administration ; *Spacecraft ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/*organization & ; administration ; *Weightlessness
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Imaging technology. Beautiful bioimages for the eyes of many beholders (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Vivien -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 5;297(5578):39-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12098684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; *Biological Science Disciplines ; Brain/anatomy & histology/pathology ; Computational Biology ; Computer Communication Networks ; Copyright ; Database Management Systems ; *Databases, Factual ; *Diagnostic Imaging ; European Union ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Internet ; Nervous System Diseases/pathology ; Periodicals as Topic ; Software ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Wanted: pig transplants that work (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1008.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Europe ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Japan ; Liver, Artificial ; Neurons/transplantation ; *Organ Transplantation/adverse effects ; *Swine ; *Transplantation, Heterologous/adverse effects ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Virus Diseases/transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Discrete microdomains with high concentration of cAMP in stimulated rat neonatal cardiac myocytes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: The second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is the most important modulator of sympathetic control over cardiac contractility. In cardiac myocytes and many other cell types, however, cAMP transduces the signal generated upon stimulation of various receptors and activates different cellular functions, raising the issue of how specificity can be achieved. In the general field of signal transduction, the view is emerging that specificity is guaranteed by tight localization of signaling events. Here, we show that in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, beta-adrenergic stimulation generates multiple microdomains with increased concentration of cAMP in correspondence with the region of the transverse tubule/junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. The restricted pools of cAMP show a range of action as small as approximately 1 micrometer, and free diffusion of the second messenger is limited by the activity of phosphodiesterases. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such gradients of cAMP specifically activate a subset of protein kinase A molecules anchored in proximity to the T tubule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zaccolo, Manuela -- Pozzan, Tullio -- TCP00089/Telethon/Italy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1711-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Sciences and Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy. manuela.zaccolo@unipd.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; A Kinase Anchor Proteins ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Fluorescence ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Luminescent Proteins ; Myocardium/*cytology/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Economic espionage. Researcher acquitted of lab theft charge (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 30;297(5586):1463.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12202797" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: California ; China ; Gels ; History, 21st Century ; Ophthalmology/history ; Proteins ; Theft/history/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; *Universities/history
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Food aid. Zambia rejects GM corn on scientists' advice (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1153-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; *Bacterial Toxins ; Drug Resistance ; Endotoxins/genetics ; *Food, Genetically Modified/adverse effects ; Hemolysin Proteins ; Humans ; Plants, Genetically Modified/adverse effects ; Starvation ; United States ; Zambia ; Zea mays/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Space station. Can space station science be fixed? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1387-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Astronauts ; *Biology ; Budgets ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Research ; *Space Flight ; *Spacecraft ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; Weightlessness
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Contribution of human alpha-defensin 1, 2, and 3 to the anti-HIV-1 activity of CD8 antiviral factor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: It has been known since 1986 that CD8 T lymphocytes from certain HIV-1-infected individuals who are immunologically stable secrete a soluble factor, termed CAF, that suppresses HIV-1 replication. However, the identity of CAF remained elusive despite an extensive search. By means of a protein-chip technology, we identified a cluster of proteins that were secreted when CD8 T cells from long-term nonprogressors with HIV-1 infection were stimulated. These proteins were identified as alpha-defensin 1, 2, and 3 on the basis of specific antibody recognition and amino acid sequencing. CAF activity was eliminated or neutralized by an antibody specific for human alpha-defensins. Synthetic and purified preparations of alpha-defensins also inhibited the replication of HIV-1 isolates in vitro. Taken together, our results indicate that alpha-defensin 1, 2, and 3 collectively account for much of the anti-HIV-1 activity of CAF that is not attributable to beta-chemokines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Linqi -- Yu, Wenjie -- He, Tian -- Yu, Jian -- Caffrey, Rebecca E -- Dalmasso, Enrique A -- Fu, Siyu -- Pham, Thang -- Mei, Jianfeng -- Ho, Jaclyn J -- Zhang, Wenyong -- Lopez, Peter -- Ho, David D -- AI-42848/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- M01-RR00102/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):995-1000. Epub 2002 Sep 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. lzhang@adarc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokines, CC/immunology/physiology ; HIV Infections/*immunology/virology ; HIV Long-Term Survivors ; HIV-1/drug effects/*physiology ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutrophils/chemistry/immunology ; Protein Array Analysis ; Virus Replication ; alpha-Defensins/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Drug research. Novartis sows its future in U.S. soil (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1216-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes ; Budgets ; *Drug Industry ; Europe ; International Cooperation ; Massachusetts ; *Research/economics ; Research Personnel ; Switzerland ; United States ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Animal rights pressure on scientists (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teitelbaum, Steven L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 22;298(5598):1515.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Dementia Complex/physiopathology/virology ; *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Rights ; Animals ; Brain/drug effects/virology ; Cats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Financing, Government ; HIV/drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/drug effects/physiology ; Methamphetamine/pharmacology ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; Virus Replication/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Research funding. NIH grantees: where have all the young ones gone? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldman, Erica -- Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):40-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; *Biological Science Disciplines/education ; *Career Mobility ; Employment ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Financing, Government ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Personnel ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Portraits of science. Damn the torpedoes. Full speed ahead! (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):851-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉5233 Pullman Avenue, NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. McGrayne@alum.swarthmore.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antiviral Agents/history ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/*history ; Drug Design ; History, 20th Century ; *Nobel Prize ; Pharmacology/history ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    McClintock and marriage (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGrayne, Sharon B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):47.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11963927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/history ; Faculty/history ; History, 20th Century ; Marriage ; United States ; Universities/history
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A heat-sensitive TRP channel expressed in keratinocytes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: Mechanical and thermal cues stimulate a specialized group of sensory neurons that terminate in the skin. Three members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of channels are expressed in subsets of these neurons and are activated at distinct physiological temperatures. Here, we describe the cloning and characterization of a novel thermosensitive TRP channel. TRPV3 has a unique threshold: It is activated at innocuous (warm) temperatures and shows an increased response at noxious temperatures. TRPV3 is specifically expressed in keratinocytes; hence, skin cells are capable of detecting heat via molecules similar to those in heat-sensing neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peier, Andrea M -- Reeve, Alison J -- Andersson, David A -- Moqrich, Aziz -- Earley, Taryn J -- Hergarden, Anne C -- Story, Gina M -- Colley, Sian -- Hogenesch, John B -- McIntyre, Peter -- Bevan, Stuart -- Patapoutian, Ardem -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):2046-9. Epub 2002 May 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Blotting, Northern ; CHO Cells ; Capsaicin/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; *Cation Transport Proteins ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Epidermis/cytology/innervation/metabolism ; Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism ; *Hot Temperature ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Ion Channels/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Keratinocytes/*metabolism ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Endings/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Ruthenium Red/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels ; Temperature
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    Development. Putting the brakes on regeneration (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKerracher, Lisa -- Ellezam, Benjamin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 7;296(5574):1819-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departement de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Universite de Montreal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4 Canada. mckerral@patho.umontreal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amacrine Cells/*physiology ; Animals ; Axonal Transport ; Axons/*physiology ; *Cell Communication ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Polarity ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Nerve Crush ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Optic Nerve/cytology/physiology ; Peripheral Nerves/transplantation ; Rats ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Screening foreign scholars (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McSweegan, Edward -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):771-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12162320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Emigration and Immigration/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Government Agencies/*legislation & jurisprudence ; International Cooperation ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Research/legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Personnel/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Security Measures/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Abnormal vascular function and hypertension in mice deficient in estrogen receptor beta (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Blood vessels express estrogen receptors, but their role in cardiovascular physiology is not well understood. We show that vascular smooth muscle cells and blood vessels from estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta)-deficient mice exhibit multiple functional abnormalities. In wild-type mouse blood vessels, estrogen attenuates vasoconstriction by an ERbeta-mediated increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. In contrast, estrogen augments vasoconstriction in blood vessels from ERbeta-deficient mice. Vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from ERbeta-deficient mice show multiple abnormalities of ion channel function. Furthermore, ERbeta-deficient mice develop sustained systolic and diastolic hypertension as they age. These data support an essential role for ERbeta in the regulation of vascular function and blood pressure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Yan -- Bian, Zhao -- Lu, Ping -- Karas, Richard H -- Bao, Lin -- Cox, Daniel -- Hodgin, Jeffrey -- Shaul, Philip W -- Thoren, Peter -- Smithies, Oliver -- Gustafsson, Jan-Ake -- Mendelsohn, Michael E -- GM20069/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD30276/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL53546/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL56235/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL63494/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL55309/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL56069/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL61298/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):505-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, New England Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology ; Animals ; Aorta ; Blood Pressure ; Cells, Cultured ; Estradiol/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Estrogen Antagonists/pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; Guanidines/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypertension/*physiopathology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Nitroarginine/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phenylephrine/pharmacology ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics/*physiology ; *Vasoconstriction/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Bioethics. U.S. questions Harvard research in China (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11934995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioethical Issues ; China ; *Human Experimentation ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Internationality ; Research/*standards ; Rural Population ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services ; Universities
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    Neurofibromas in NF1: Schwann cell origin and role of tumor environment (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most prevalent dominantly inherited genetic diseases of the nervous system. NF1 encodes a tumor suppressor whose functional loss results in the development of benign neurofibromas that can progress to malignancy. Neurofibromas are complex tumors composed of axonal processes, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, perineurial cells, and mast cells. Through use of a conditional (cre/lox) allele, we show that loss of NF1 in the Schwann cell lineage is sufficient to generate tumors. In addition, complete NF1-mediated tumorigenicity requires both a loss of NF1 in cells destined to become neoplastic as well as heterozygosity in non-neoplastic cells. The requirement for a permissive haploinsufficient environment to allow tumorigenesis may have therapeutic implications for NF1 and other familial cancers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024710/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024710/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Yuan -- Ghosh, Pritam -- Charnay, Patrick -- Burns, Dennis K -- Parada, Luis F -- R01 NS034296/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034296-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):920-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Developmental Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9133, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Cranial Nerves/pathology ; Culture Techniques ; Female ; *Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Hyperplasia ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Mast Cells/chemistry/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurofibroma/genetics/*pathology ; Neurofibromatosis 1/genetics/*pathology ; Peripheral Nerves/pathology ; Schwann Cells/chemistry/*pathology ; Spinal Nerves/pathology
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    Enhanced tumor formation in mice heterozygous for Blm mutation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: Persons with the autosomal recessive disorder Bloom syndrome are predisposed to cancers of many types due to loss-of-function mutations in the BLM gene, which encodes a recQ-like helicase. Here we show that mice heterozygous for a targeted null mutation of Blm, the murine homolog of BLM, develop lymphoma earlier than wild-type littermates in response to challenge with murine leukemia virus and develop twice the number of intestinal tumors when crossed with mice carrying a mutation in the Apc tumor suppressor. These observations indicate that Blm is a modifier of tumor formation in the mouse and that Blm haploinsufficiency is associated with tumor predisposition, a finding with important implications for cancer risk in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goss, Kathleen Heppner -- Risinger, Mary A -- Kordich, Jennifer J -- Sanz, Maureen M -- Straughen, Joel E -- Slovek, Lisa E -- Capobianco, Anthony J -- German, James -- Boivin, Gregory P -- Groden, Joanna -- CA63507/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA84291/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA88460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ES06096/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):2051-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoma/genetics/pathology ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/*genetics ; Alleles ; Animals ; Bloom Syndrome/*genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA Helicases/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, APC ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Heterozygote ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Leukemia Virus, Murine ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Lymphoma, T-Cell/*genetics/virology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; RecQ Helicases ; Sister Chromatid Exchange
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Electronic publishing. DOE cites competition in killing PubSCIENCE (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seife, Charles -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1257-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Databases, Bibliographic ; Government Agencies ; *Information Storage and Retrieval ; *Internet ; *Natural Science Disciplines ; Online Systems ; *Publishing ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Balancing public health and civil liberties (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gostin, Lawrence O -- Sapsin, Jason W -- Teret, Stephen P -- Burris, Scott -- Mair, Julie Samia -- Hodge, James G Jr -- Vernick, Jon S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2129; author reply 2129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioterrorism ; *Civil Rights ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Public Health/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *State Government ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Human genome project. Genome institute wrestles mightily with its future (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1694-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Computational Biology ; *Genetic Research ; *Genomics ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Meiotic arrest in the mouse follicle maintained by a Gs protein in the oocyte (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: The mammalian ovarian follicle consists of a multilayered complex of somatic cells that surround the oocyte. A signal from the follicle cells keeps the oocyte cell cycle arrested at prophase of meiosis I until luteinizing hormone from the pituitary acts on the follicle cells to release the arrest, causing meiosis to continue. Here we show that meiotic arrest can be released in mice by microinjecting the oocyte within the follicle with an antibody that inhibits the stimulatory heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein Gs. This indicates that Gs activity in the oocyte is required to maintain meiotic arrest within the ovarian follicle and suggests that the follicle may keep the cell cycle arrested by activating Gs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mehlmann, Lisa M -- Jones, Teresa L Z -- Jaffe, Laurinda A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1343-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA. lmehlman@neuron.uchc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Female ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/immunology/physiology ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/antagonists & ; inhibitors/immunology/*physiology ; Hypoxanthine/pharmacology ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Oocytes/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology ; Ovarian Follicle/*physiology ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Communicating climate change (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tickell, Crispin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):737.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollution/economics/prevention & control ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; Industry/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; International Cooperation ; Japan ; Public Policy ; *Public Relations ; South Africa ; United States ; Vehicle Emissions/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    NASA decision not suited for women (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1623.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Constitution ; Budgets ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics ; *Space Flight ; *Space Suits ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics ; Weightlessness
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Research integrity. U.S. universities urged to do a better job (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):321.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12130761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Accreditation ; Advisory Committees ; Ethics, Professional/*education ; Financial Support ; Financing, Government ; Institute of Medicine (U.S.) ; Research/*standards ; *Scientific Misconduct ; United States ; United States Office of Research Integrity ; *Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Air pollution risks. Software glitch threw off mortality estimates (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):1945-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Carbon/*adverse effects ; Cities ; Computer Simulation ; Heart Diseases/*mortality ; Humans ; Lung Diseases/*mortality ; *Models, Statistical ; Particle Size ; Risk Assessment ; *Software ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Germline stem cell transplantation and transgenesis (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: The recently developed testis cell transplantation method provides a powerful approach to studying the biology of the male germline stem cell and its microenvironment, the stem cell niche. The technique also is being used to examine spermatogenic defects, correct male infertility, and generate transgenic animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brinster, Ralph L -- 36504/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3850 Baltimore Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077400" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cryopreservation ; Humans ; Male ; Seminiferous Tubules/cytology ; Sertoli Cells/physiology ; *Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia/*cytology/physiology ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Testis/*cytology ; Transduction, Genetic ; *Transgenes ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Essay: Amersham Biosciences and Science Prize. 2002 grand prize winner (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 22;298(5598):1568.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awards and Prizes ; *Biological Science Disciplines/history ; History, 21st Century ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Gunter Wachtershauser profile. Between a rock and a hard place (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagmann, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):2006-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11896256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetic Acid/chemistry ; Amino Acids/chemistry ; Catalysis ; Chemistry, Physical/history ; *Evolution, Chemical ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Iron/chemistry ; Organic Chemicals/chemistry ; *Origin of Life ; Sulfides/chemistry ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Imaging sites of receptor dephosphorylation by PTP1B on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: When bound by extracellular ligands, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) on the cell surface transmit critical signals to the cell interior. Although signal termination is less well understood, protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) is implicated in the dephosphorylation and inactivation of several RTKs. However, PTP1B resides on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), so how and when it accesses RTKs has been unclear. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) methods, we monitored interactions between the epidermal- and platelet-derived growth factor receptors and PTP1B. PTP1B-catalyzed dephosphorylation required endocytosis of the receptors and occurred at specific sites on the surface of the ER. Most of the RTKs activated at the cell surface showed interaction with PTP1B after internalization, establishing that RTK activation and inactivation are spatially and temporally partitioned within cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haj, Fawaz G -- Verveer, Peter J -- Squire, Anthony -- Neel, Benjamin G -- Bastiaens, Philippe I H -- R01 CA49152/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1708-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Biology Program, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872838" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Cells, Cultured ; *Endocytosis ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*enzymology ; Energy Transfer ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism/pharmacology ; Fluorescence ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Phosphorylation ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Transport ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Research centers. Science with an agenda: NSF expands centers program (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 26;297(5581):506-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/economics/organization & administration ; Administrative Personnel ; Financing, Government ; *Government Agencies ; Humans ; Industry ; Minority Groups ; Research Personnel ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Science/education ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biobanks. Private biobanks spark ethical concerns (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1160.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioethical Issues ; Biological Specimen Banks/*ethics ; Confidentiality ; Dna ; Databases, Factual/ethics ; Databases, Genetic/ethics ; Ethics, Clinical ; Humans ; Medical Records Systems, Computerized/ethics ; Private Sector/*ethics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Oceanography. Diagnosis and Rx for U.S. coral reefs (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):39.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cnidaria ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Financing, Government ; *Marine Biology ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biobanks. Population databases boom, from Iceland to the U.S (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1158-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; Bioethical Issues ; Biological Specimen Banks/ethics ; Confidentiality ; *Databases, Factual/ethics ; *Databases, Genetic/ethics ; Diet ; Ethics, Clinical ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetics, Medical/ethics ; *Genetics, Population/ethics ; Humans ; Iceland ; Informed Consent ; Life Style ; *Medical Records Systems, Computerized/ethics ; Registries ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Solar system exploration. Planetary science's defining moment (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):32-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; *Astronomy/economics ; Budgets ; *Exobiology ; Meteoroids ; Minor Planets ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Planets ; Politics ; *Solar System ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Senescence induced by altered telomere state, not telomere loss (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: Primary human cells in culture invariably stop dividing and enter a state of growth arrest called replicative senescence. This transition is induced by programmed telomere shortening, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report that overexpression of TRF2, a telomeric DNA binding protein, increased the rate of telomere shortening in primary cells without accelerating senescence. TRF2 reduced the senescence setpoint, defined as telomere length at senescence, from 7 to 4 kilobases. TRF2 protected critically short telomeres from fusion and repressed chromosome-end fusions in presenescent cultures, which explains the ability of TRF2 to delay senescence. Thus, replicative senescence is induced by a change in the protected status of shortened telomeres rather than by a complete loss of telomeric DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karlseder, Jan -- Smogorzewska, Agata -- de Lange, Titia -- AG16643/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- CA76027/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2446-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics/metabolism ; *Cell Aging ; *Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins ; *Repressor Proteins ; Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Telomere/metabolism/*physiology ; Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2 ; Transformation, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Bioterrorism. NAS censors report on agriculture threats (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):1973-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; Advisory Committees ; *Agriculture ; *Bioterrorism ; Government ; Government Agencies ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Confronting terrorism. One year after: hunt for NIH funds fosters collaboration (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 6;297(5587):1630-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12215622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/economics ; Bioterrorism/economics/*prevention & control ; Cooperative Behavior ; Financing, Government ; Government Agencies/economics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Planetary science. And an icy patch at Mars's south pole (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mackenzie, Dana -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1866-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12471229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Climate ; Dry Ice ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Ice ; *Mars ; Space Flight ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genetics. DNA patenting and licensing (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2220017/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2220017/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henry, Michelle R -- Cho, Mildred K -- Weaver, Meredith A -- Merz, Jon F -- R01 HG002034/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002034-01A1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002034-01A1S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002034-01A1S2/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002034-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002034-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01HG02034/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1279.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Bioethics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3308, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/legislation & jurisprudence ; Commerce/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Dna ; Financing, Government ; *Genetics ; Interviews as Topic ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Patents as Topic ; Research Support as Topic ; *Technology Transfer ; United States ; Universities/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    European patents. Tough stance on stem cell, DNA claims (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):754-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Biotechnology/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Cloning, Organism/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *DNA/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Europe ; Genes ; Humans ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Stem Cells/metabolism ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Development. Missized mutants help identify organ tailors (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):328.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12130764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Count ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*embryology ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Pituitary Gland/*cytology/growth & development ; Retina/*cytology/growth & development ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Trans-Activators/*genetics/physiology ; beta Catenin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A distinct signaling pathway used by the IgG-containing B cell antigen receptor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-21
    Description: The immunoglobulin G (IgG)-containing B lymphocyte antigen receptor (IgG-BCR) transmits a signal distinct from that of IgM-BCR or IgD-BCR, although all three use the same signal-transducing component, Igalpha/Igbeta. Here we demonstrate that the inhibitory coreceptor CD22 down-modulates signaling through IgM-BCR and IgD-BCR, but not that through IgG-BCR, because of the IgG cytoplasmic tail, which prevents CD22 phosphorylation. These results suggest that the cytoplasmic tail of IgG specifically enhances IgG-BCR signaling by preventing CD22-mediated signal inhibition. Enhanced signaling through IgG-BCR may be involved in efficient IgG production, which is crucial for immunity to pathogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wakabayashi, Chisato -- Adachi, Takahiro -- Wienands, Jurgen -- Tsubata, Takeshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2392-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 113-8510 Tokyo, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; *Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cells, Cultured ; Immunoglobulin D/immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lectins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2 ; *Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Potential regulatory function of human dendritic cells expressing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) can induce tolerance or immunity. We describe a subset of human APCs that express indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and inhibit T cell proliferation in vitro. IDO-positive APCs constituted a discrete subset identified by coexpression of the cell-surface markers CD123 and CCR6. In the dendritic cell (DC) lineage, IDO-mediated suppressor activity was present in fully mature as well as immature CD123+ DCs. IDO+ DCs could also be readily detected in vivo, which suggests that these cells may represent a regulatory subset of APCs in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Munn, David H -- Sharma, Madhav D -- Lee, Jeffrey R -- Jhaver, Kanchan G -- Johnson, Theodore S -- Keskin, Derin B -- Marshall, Brendan -- Chandler, Phillip -- Antonia, Scott J -- Burgess, Russell -- Slingluff, Craig L Jr -- Mellor, Andrew L -- AI44219/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI44759/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL60137/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1867-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. dmunn@mail.mcg.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigen-Presenting Cells/enzymology/immunology ; Antigens, CD/analysis ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells/*enzymology/*immunology ; Down-Regulation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology ; Interleukin-10/pharmacology ; Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Lymphoid Tissue/cytology/enzymology ; Macrophages/enzymology ; Receptors, CCR6 ; Receptors, Chemokine/analysis ; Receptors, Interleukin-3/analysis ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Tryptophan/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Tryptophan Oxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Unpopular opinions need not apply (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loomis, Dana -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1335-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12436979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; Federal Government ; Human Engineering ; *National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Peer Review, Research ; *Politics ; Public Policy ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Stem cell research. Studies cast doubt on plasticity of adult cells (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):1989-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11896242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; *Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Fusion ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Hybrid Cells/*physiology ; Mice ; Polyploidy ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Beauty and the beast (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Vaccines ; *Biological Warfare ; *Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Clostridium botulinum/immunology ; *Cosmetic Techniques ; *Drug Approval ; Humans ; *Public Health ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nutrition research. IOM panel weighs in on diet and health (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1788-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Diet ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage ; Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage ; Exercise ; *Health ; Humans ; *Institute of Medicine (U.S.) ; *Nutrition Policy ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Tiny worm takes a star turn (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):526.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; *Biology/history ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*physiology ; Great Britain ; History, 21st Century ; *Nobel Prize ; United States
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    Profile: Barbara Hatch Rosenberg. Unconventional detective bears down on a killer (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1264-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193766" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthrax ; Bacillus anthracis ; Biological Warfare ; *Bioterrorism ; *Government Agencies ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Social Control, Formal ; Spores, Bacterial ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mechanisms of adaptation in a predator-prey arms race: TTX-resistant sodium channels (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: Populations of the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis have evolved geographically variable resistance to tetrodotoxin (TTX) in a coevolutionary arms race with their toxic prey, newts of the genus Taricha. Here, we identify a physiological mechanism, the expression of TTX-resistant sodium channels in skeletal muscle, responsible for adaptive diversification in whole-animal resistance. Both individual and population differences in the ability of skeletal muscle fibers to function in the presence of TTX correlate closely with whole-animal measures of TTX resistance. Demonstration of individual variation in an essential physiological function responsible for the adaptive differences among populations is a step toward linking the selective consequences of coevolutionary interactions to geographic and phylogenetic patterns of diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geffeney, Shana -- Brodie, Edmund D Jr -- Ruben, Peter C -- Brodie, Edmund D 3rd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1336-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Colubridae/*physiology ; Drug Resistance ; Linear Models ; Locomotion/drug effects ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects/*physiology ; Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects/physiology ; Predatory Behavior ; *Salamandridae/metabolism ; Skin/chemistry ; Sodium Channels/*drug effects/physiology ; Tetrodotoxin/*toxicity ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Bioterrorism. A call for restraint on biological data (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):749-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioterrorism/*prevention & control ; DNA, Viral/chemical synthesis/genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Poliovirus/genetics/physiology ; Publishing/*legislation & jurisprudence/standards ; Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Security Measures/*legislation & jurisprudence/standards ; United States ; Variola virus/genetics/physiology ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genomics. New mapping project splits the community (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1391-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Mapping/economics ; Continental Population Groups/genetics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Financing, Government ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genome, Human ; *Genomics ; Genotype ; *Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mutation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Harvard disappearance. Missing biologist found dead in river (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gewolb, Josh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778021" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; Biochemistry/history ; History, 21st Century ; United States ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A soldier's view of the USAMRIID (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blanchard, Michelle -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1122.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12192658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/organization & administration ; *Communicable Diseases ; *Military Medicine ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mediation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-dependent cell death by apoptosis-inducing factor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-13
    Description: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) protects the genome by functioning in the DNA damage surveillance network. PARP-1 is also a mediator of cell death after ischemia-reperfusion injury, glutamate excitotoxicity, and various inflammatory processes. We show that PARP-1 activation is required for translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondria to the nucleus and that AIF is necessary for PARP-1-dependent cell death. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, H2O2, and N-methyl-d-aspartate induce AIF translocation and cell death, which is prevented by PARP inhibitors or genetic knockout of PARP-1, but is caspase independent. Microinjection of an antibody to AIF protects against PARP-1-dependent cytotoxicity. These data support a model in which PARP-1 activation signals AIF release from mitochondria, resulting in a caspase-independent pathway of programmed cell death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Seong-Woon -- Wang, Hongmin -- Poitras, Marc F -- Coombs, Carmen -- Bowers, William J -- Federoff, Howard J -- Poirier, Guy G -- Dawson, Ted M -- Dawson, Valina L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 12;297(5579):259-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114629" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Inducing Factor ; Caspase Inhibitors ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytochrome c Group/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Flavoproteins/immunology/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials ; Membrane Proteins/immunology/*metabolism ; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/metabolism/physiology ; N-Methylaspartate/metabolism/pharmacology ; NAD/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Oxidative Stress ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Women's health. More questions about hormone replacement (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):942.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411676" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Drug Combinations ; Drug Labeling ; *Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects ; *Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Female ; Great Britain ; Hot Flashes/drug therapy ; Humans ; *Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Risk Factors ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Scientific evidence. Judge rejects cancer data in Maryland cell phone suit (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parascandola, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):338.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12376672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain Neoplasms/epidemiology/*etiology ; Expert Testimony ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Male ; Maryland ; Peer Review, Research ; Publishing ; Risk Factors ; *Telephone ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Solar system exploration. France, Italy threaten to rain on parade of missions to Mars (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):1972-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242410" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: France ; *International Cooperation ; Italy ; *Mars ; *Space Flight ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Drug-abuse research. White House stirs interest in brain-imaging initiative (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):748-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/abnormalities/*drug effects/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Genetics, Medical/economics/trends ; Government ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/economics/trends ; Neurosciences/*economics/*trends ; Research/economics/trends ; Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis/genetics/*physiopathology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Amacrine-signaled loss of intrinsic axon growth ability by retinal ganglion cells (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-08
    Description: The central nervous system (CNS) loses the ability to regenerate early during development, but it is not known why. The retina has long served as a simple model system for study of CNS regeneration. Here we show that amacrine cells signal neonatal rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to undergo a profound and apparently irreversible loss of intrinsic axon growth ability. Concurrently, retinal maturation triggers RGCs to greatly increase their dendritic growth ability. These results suggest that adult CNS neurons fail to regenerate not only because of CNS glial inhibition but also because of a loss of intrinsic axon growth ability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldberg, Jeffrey L -- Klassen, Matthew P -- Hua, Ying -- Barres, Ben A -- 2T32GM07365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY11030/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 7;296(5574):1860-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Sherman Fairchild Science Building D231, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5125, USA. jlgoldbe@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Amacrine Cells/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Aging ; *Cell Communication ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Culture Techniques ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Dendrites/physiology/ultrastructure ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Nerve Regeneration ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; Rats ; Retina/cytology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*physiology/transplantation/ultrastructure ; Signal Transduction ; Superior Colliculi/physiology
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    An interview with Elias Zerhouni: piloting high-flying NIH to a soft landing. Interview by Jocelyn Kaiser (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zerhouni, Elias -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2197-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351769" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Specimen Banks ; Bioterrorism ; Budgets ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/*organization & administration ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Stem Cells ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A National Ecological Observatory Network (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teeri, James A -- Raven, Peter H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1893.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12474846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Data Collection ; *Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Financing, Government ; *Government Agencies/economics/organization & administration ; Human Activities ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Intellectual property. Arrest of ex-Harvard postdocs raises questions of ownership (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2310-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12089411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academic Medical Centers ; *Graft Rejection/genetics ; Humans ; *Intellectual Property ; Massachusetts ; Ownership ; Patents as Topic ; Research ; *Theft ; United States
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    Patents. NIH to limit scope of foreign patents (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2316.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12089417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Australia ; Financing, Government ; Foreign Professional Personnel/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *International Cooperation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Patents as Topic ; Public Policy ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Graduate student unions. Labor seeks fertile ground on ivy-covered campuses (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1328-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12434035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Education, Graduate ; Humans ; *Labor Unions ; United States ; *Universities
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Space biomedicine. An Rx for astronauts (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):435.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/economics/*organization & administration ; Aerospace Medicine/economics/*organization & administration ; *Astronauts ; Budgets ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Research ; Research Support as Topic ; *Space Flight ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    2003 budget: Bioterrorism drives record NIH request (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):785.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioterrorism ; *Budgets ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/organization & administration ; *Neoplasms ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Scientific community. U.S. science academy elects new members (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1001-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; United States
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    No major schizophrenia locus detected on chromosome 1q in a large multicenter sample (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: Reports of substantial evidence for genetic linkage of schizophrenia to chromosome 1q were evaluated by genotyping 16 DNA markers across 107 centimorgans of this chromosome in a multicenter sample of 779 informative schizophrenia pedigrees. No significant evidence was observed for such linkage, nor for heterogeneity in allele sharing among the eight individual samples. Separate analyses of European-origin families, recessive models of inheritance, and families with larger numbers of affected cases also failed to produce significant evidence for linkage. If schizophrenia susceptibility genes are present on chromosome 1q, their population-wide genetic effects are likely to be small.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levinson, Douglas F -- Holmans, Peter A -- Laurent, Claudine -- Riley, Brien -- Pulver, Ann E -- Gejman, Pablo V -- Schwab, Sibylle G -- Williams, Nigel M -- Owen, Michael J -- Wildenauer, Dieter B -- Sanders, Alan R -- Nestadt, Gerald -- Mowry, Bryan J -- Wormley, Brandon -- Bauche, Stephanie -- Soubigou, Stephane -- Ribble, Robert -- Nertney, Deborah A -- Liang, Kung Yee -- Martinolich, Laura -- Maier, Wolfgang -- Norton, Nadine -- Williams, Hywel -- Albus, Margot -- Carpenter, Eric B -- DeMarchi, Nicola -- Ewen-White, Kelly R -- Walsh, Dermot -- Jay, Maurice -- Deleuze, Jean-Francois -- O'Neill, F Anthony -- Papadimitriou, George -- Weilbaecher, Ann -- Lerer, Bernard -- O'Donovan, Michael C -- Dikeos, Dimitris -- Silverman, Jeremy M -- Kendler, Kenneth S -- Mallet, Jacques -- Crowe, Raymond R -- Walters, Marilyn -- G9309834/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9810900/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- K24-MH64197/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- KO2-01207/PHS HHS/ -- MH 41953/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH 45390/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH 52537/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH61602/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01-MH57314/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH46289/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH46318/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):739-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. dfl@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Alleles ; Australia ; Canada ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/*genetics ; Europe ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; *Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Pedigree ; Schizophrenia/ethnology/*genetics ; United States
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    Public health preparedness (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamburg, Margaret A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1425.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioterrorism ; Communicable Disease Control ; *Communicable Diseases/diagnosis/therapy ; Disease Notification ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; *Public Health/manpower ; Public Health Administration ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Envelope-based HIV vaccines (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donnelly, John J -- Barnett, Susan W -- Dorenbaum, Alejandro -- Stamatatos, Leonidas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1277-8; author reply 1277-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12194177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*immunology ; Animals ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis/immunology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neutralization Tests ; United States ; Vaccines, DNA/*immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/*immunology
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    Alternative splicing and neuritic mRNA translocation under long-term neuronal hypersensitivity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: To explore neuronal mechanisms underlying long-term consequences of stress, we studied stress-induced changes in the neuritic translocation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) splice variants. Under normal conditions, we found the synaptic AChE-S mRNA and protein in neurites. Corticosterone, anticholinesterases, and forced swim, each facilitated a rapid (minutes), yet long-lasting (weeks), shift from AChE-S to the normally rare AChE-R mRNA, promoted AChE-R mRNA translocation into neurites, and induced enzyme secretion. Weeks after stress, electrophysiological measurements in hippocampus slices displayed apparently normal evoked synaptic responses but extreme hypersensitivity to both anticholinesterases and atropine. Our findings suggest that neuronal hypersensitivity under stress involves neuritic replacement of AChE-S with AChE-R.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meshorer, Eran -- Erb, Christina -- Gazit, Roi -- Pavlovsky, Lev -- Kaufer, Daniela -- Friedman, Alon -- Glick, David -- Ben-Arie, Nissim -- Soreq, Hermona -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):508-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, The Institute of Life Sciences and The Eric Roland Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel 91904.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Acetylcholinesterase/*genetics/*metabolism ; Action Potentials ; *Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Atropine/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellum/cytology ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Corticosterone/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism/physiology ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurites/*metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Physostigmine/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Stress, Physiological/genetics/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 91
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    Claire Fraser profile. TIGR's chief: results without the roar (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):1957-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/economics/history/*organization & administration ; Biotechnology ; Budgets ; Computational Biology ; *Genomics/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Maryland ; Molecular Biology/history ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research ; Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Historical essay. A history of HIV discovery (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Montagnier, Luc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1727-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉World Foundation for Aids Research and Prevention, 1 rue Miollis, Paris F-75015, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Serodiagnosis/history ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/*history/transmission/virology ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/history/therapeutic use ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology ; Cells, Cultured ; *HIV/classification/isolation & purification/physiology/ultrastructure ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; T-Lymphocytes/virology ; Virus Cultivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Epidemiology. Despite safety concerns, U.K. hormone study to proceed (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 26;297(5581):492.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology ; Confidence Intervals ; *Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; Coronary Disease/epidemiology/etiology ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy/*adverse effects ; Female ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Menopause ; Risk Assessment ; Stroke/epidemiology/etiology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Bowties and brainiacs at the AAAS meeting (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helvarg, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):46.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11963926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Science ; *Societies, Scientific ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Presidential address. Science, sustainability, and the human prospect (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raven, Peter H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):954-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA. praven@nas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Global Health ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; *Science ; Technology ; Technology Transfer ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Human subjects in weapons research (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caplan, Arthur L -- Sankar, Pamela -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):923.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Warfare ; *Chemical Warfare ; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic ; Ethics, Research ; Guidelines as Topic ; Human Experimentation/*ethics ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation/*ethics ; *Research Subjects ; Security Measures ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    National security. Research chiefs hunt for details in proposal for new department (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):1944-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioterrorism ; Budgets ; *Government Agencies/economics/organization & administration ; *Research ; Research Personnel ; *Security Measures ; *Terrorism ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture/economics ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Retrograde support of neuronal survival without retrograde transport of nerve growth factor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Application of nerve growth factor (NGF) covalently cross-linked to beads increased the phosphorylation of TrkA and Akt, but not of mitogen-activated protein kinase, in cultured rat sympathetic neurons. NGF beads or iodine-125-labeled NGF beads supplied to distal axons resulted in the survival of over 80% of the neurons for 30 hours, with little or no retrograde transport of iodine-125-labeled NGF; whereas application of free iodine-125-labeled NGF (0.5 nanograms per milliliter) produced 20-fold more retrograde transport, but only 29% of the neurons survived. Thus, in contrast to widely accepted theory, a neuronal survival signal can reach the cell bodies unaccompanied by the NGF that initiated it.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacInnis, Bronwyn L -- Campenot, Robert B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1536-9. Epub 2002 Jan 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, 6-14 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromones/pharmacology ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Microspheres ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Morpholines/pharmacology ; Nerve Growth Factor/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Neurons/metabolism/*physiology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Transport ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, trkA/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Superior Cervical Ganglion
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Myeloperoxidase, a leukocyte-derived vascular NO oxidase (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-29
    Description: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an abundant mammalian phagocyte hemoprotein thought to primarily mediate host defense reactions. Although its microbicidal functions are well established in vitro, humans deficient in MPO are not at unusual risk of infection. MPO was observed herein to modulate the vascular signaling and vasodilatory functions of nitric oxide (NO) during acute inflammation. After leukocyte degranulation, MPO localized in and around vascular endothelial cells in a rodent model of acute endotoxemia and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxant responses, to which MPO-deficient mice were resistant. Altered vascular responsiveness was due to catalytic consumption of NO by substrate radicals generated by MPO. Thus MPO can directly modulate vascular inflammatory responses by regulating NO bioavailability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eiserich, Jason P -- Baldus, Stephan -- Brennan, Marie-Luise -- Ma, Wenxin -- Zhang, Chunxiang -- Tousson, Albert -- Castro, Laura -- Lusis, Aldons J -- Nauseef, William M -- White, C Roger -- Freeman, Bruce A -- I01 BX000513/BX/BLRD VA/ -- R01 HL067930/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R03 TW005682/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2391-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jpeiserich@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12089442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta ; Catalysis ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromans/metabolism/pharmacology ; Coculture Techniques ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology/*physiology ; Endotoxemia/enzymology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism/pharmacology ; Inflammation/*enzymology/physiopathology ; Leukocytes/*enzymology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peroxidase/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; *Vasodilation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Science and security. Academy asks to ease visas for scholars (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2305-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Graduate ; *Emigration and Immigration ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; *Research Personnel ; *Security Measures ; Students ; *Travel ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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