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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the stability of wavelet and Gabor frames (Riesz bases) (1999)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 105-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Schlagwort(e): 26B05 ; 42B10 ; 42C99 ; frame ; Gabor system ; Riesz basis ; stability ; wavelet
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract If the sequence of functions ϕj, k is a wavelet frame (Riesz basis) or Gabor frame (Riesz basis), we obtain its perturbation system ψj,k which is still a frame (Riesz basis) under very mild conditions. For example, we do not need to know that the support of ϕ or ψ $$(\hat \phi or\hat \psi )$$ is compact as in [14]. We also discuss the stability of irregular sampling problems. In order to arrive at some of our results, we set up a general multivariate version of Littlewood-Paley type inequality which was originally considered by Lemarié and Meyer [17], then by Chui and Shi [9], and Long [16].
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01274192
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Box schemes on quadrilateral meshes (1993)
    Springer
    Computing 51 (1993), S. 271-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Schlagwort(e): 65N15 ; 65N99 ; 35A40 ; Box method ; boundary value problem ; finite volume method ; variational formulation ; stability ; error bounds
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Box-Methoden (Finite-Volumen-Methoden) sind verbreitete Verfahren zur Lösung physikalischer Erhaltungsgleichungen, insbesondere in der Strömungsmechanik. In dieser Arbeit werden zwei Methoden für elliptische Differentialgleichungen untersucht, die Diagonal-Boxen und die Schwerpunkt-Boxen. Da die Box-Methoden im Sinne von Petrov-Galerkin-Verfahren interpretiert werden können, erhält man vergleichbar zur Finiten-Element-Methode eine variationsrechnerische Stabilitäts- und Fehleranalyse. Damit werdenO(h)- undO(h 2)-Fehlerabschätzungen hergeleitet. Lokale Eigenwertprobleme führen zu Stabilitätsaussagen. Allerdings ergibt sich eine Abhängigkeit von der Anzahl und Art gestörter Vierecke. Insbesondere die Diagonal-Boxen sind anfällig für lokale Störungen.
    Notizen: Abstract Box schemes (finite volume methods) are widely used in fluiddynamics, especially for the solution of conservation laws. In this paper two box-schemes for elliptic equations are analysed with respect to quadrilateral meshes. Using a variational formulation, we gain stability theorems for two different box methods, namely the so-called diagonal boxes and the centre boxes. The analysis is based on an elementwise eigenvalue problem. Stability can only be guaranteed under additional assumptions on the geometry of the quadrilaterals. For the diagonal boxes unsuitable elements can lead to global instabilities. The centre boxes are more robust and differ not so much from the finite element approach. In the stable case, convergence results up to second order are proved with well-known techniques.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02238536
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A note on stability investigations for Rosenbrock-type methods for quasilinear-implicit differential equations (1996)
    Springer
    Computing 56 (1996), S. 47-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Schlagwort(e): 65 L 05 ; Rosenbrock-type methods ; quasilinear-implicit differential equations ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Bei der Lösung quasilinear-impliziter ODEs mittels Rosenbrock-Typ-Methoden können trotz guter Stabilitätseigenschaften (A- bzw. L-Stabilität) des Grundverfahrens Stabilitätsprobleme auftreten. Diese Schwierigkeiten sind auf Ungenauigkeiten bei der Berechnung künstlich eingeführter Komponenten (Überführung in DAEs) zurückzuführen. Die Arbeit untersucht die Ursachen für diese Effekte und zeigt Möglichkeiten, diese zu überwinden.
    Notizen: Abstract The solution of quasilinear-implicit ODEs using Rosenbrock type methods may suffer from stability problems despite stability properties such as A-stability or L-stability, respectively. These problems are caused by inexact computation of artificial introduced components (transformation to DAE system). The paper investigates the source of the numerical difficulties and shows modifications to overcome them.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02238291
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vergleich der biologischen Aktivität und Stabilität von Menadion und Menadiol bei Hühnerküken (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 29 (1990), S. 219-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Vitamin K ; Menadion ; Menadiol ; Bioverfügbarkeit ; Stabilität ; Geflügel ; vitamin K ; menadione ; menadiol ; bioavailability ; stability ; poultry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary A bioassay of vitamin K is described, based on the prothrombin clotting time of 3-week-old, vitamin-K-depleted, and cumatetralyl-sensitized male broiler chicks, using a homologous thrombokinase preparation. With this test it could be shown that the diacetate and dibutyrate esters of menadiol are vitamin-K-active. The bioactivity of menadione from these menadiolesters amounted to about 70 % of the standard menadione from a coated menadione sodium bisulfite (Dohyfral). Menadiol seems to be temperature-resistant under such conditions, whereby two uncoated MSB preparations lost about 60 % of their activity.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung In einem biologischen Testverfahren an Cumatetralyl sensibilisierten Küken konnte in 3 Versuchen anhand des Parameters Thromboplastinzeit mit homologer Thrombokinase gezeigt werden, da\ Menadioldiacetat und Menadioldibutyrat Vitamin-K-wirksam sind. Die biologische Wirksamkeit von Menadion aus diesen Menadiolestern betrug ca. 70 % der Menadionaktivität aus gecoatetem Menadionbisulfit (Dohyfral®). Im Gegensatz zu 2 ungeschützten MSB-Präparationen, welche bei Wärmebelastung ca. 60 % ihrer ursprünglichen Wirkung verloren, waren die Menadiolester temperaturstabil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02023079
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reachability of locational Nash equilibria (1998)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 20 (1998), S. 101-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Competitive location model ; Nash equilibria ; stability ; reachability ; Wettbewerbsmodelle in der Standorttheorie ; Nash Gleichgewicht ; Stabilität ; Erreichbarkeit
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In der Arbeit werden die Standorte von Duopolisten in einem Baum untersucht. Unter der Annahme festgesetzter Preise werden notwendige und hinreichende Bedingungen für Nash Gleichgewichte für Standorte auf Bäumen hergeleitet. Unter Verwendung dieser Bedingungen wird dann gezeigt, daß — angenommen Nash Gleichgewichte existieren — diese in einem wiederholt angewandten sequentiellen Standortfindungsprozeß, in dem beide Duopolisten als Zielfunktion kurzfristige Gewinnmaximierung haben, auch erreicht werden.
    Notizen: Abstract This paper examines the location of duopolists on a tree. Given parametric prices, we first delineate necessary and sufficient conditions for locational Nash equilibria on trees. Given these conditions, we then show that Nash equilibria, provided they exist, can be reached in a repeated sequential relocation process in which both facilities follow short-term profit maximization objectives.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539861
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reachability of locational Nash equilibria (1998)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 20 (1998), S. 101-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Competitive location model ; Nash equilibria ; stability ; reachability ; Schlüsselwörter: Wettbewerbsmodelle in der Standorttheorie ; Nash Gleichgewicht ; Stabilität ; Erreichbarkeit
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung. In der Arbeit werden die Standorte von Duopolisten in einem Baum untersucht. Unter der Annahme festgesetzter Preise werden notwendige und hinreichende Bedingungen für Nash Gleichgewichte für Standorte auf Bäumen hergeleitet. Unter Verwendung dieser Bedingungen wird dann gezeigt, daß– angenommen Nash Gleichgewichte existieren – diese in einem wiederholt angewandten sequentiellen Standortfindungsprozeß, in dem beide Duopolisten als Zielfunktion kurzfristige Gewinnmaximierung haben, auch erreicht werden. “Equilibrium is a place in heaven, but how do we get there from here?”
    Notizen: Abstract. This paper examines the location of duopolists on a tree. Given parametric prices, we first delineate necessary and sufficient conditions for locational Nash equilibria on trees. Given these conditions, we then show that Nash equilibria, provided they exist, can be reached in a repeated sequential relocation process in which both facilities follow short-term profit maximization objectives.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002910050058
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stability results for approximately efficient solutions (1994)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 16 (1994), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Vector optimization ; approximately efficient solutions ; stability ; Vektoroptimierung ; Näherungslösungen ; Stabilität
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Wir führen ein Konzept für Näherungslösungen in der Vektoroptimierung ein und vergleichen dieses mit einem neuen Konzept aus [8]. Weiterhin untersuchen wir Beziehungen zwischen der Menge der Näherungslösungen eines Vektoroptimierungsproblems und den Näherungslösungen eines entsprechenden parametrischen Ersatzproblems. Schließlich beweisen wir Stabilitätseigenschaften des skalaren Ersatzproblems.
    Notizen: Abstract We introduce a concept for approximately efficient solutions in vector optimization and compare it with another recent concept given in [8]. Further, we study relations between the set of approximately efficient solutions of a vector optimization problem and the approximate solutions of a corresponding parametric surrogate optimization problem. Finally, we prove stability properties for the scalar surrogate problem.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719703
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Generalized linear complementarity in a problem ofn-person games (1996)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 18 (1996), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Generalized polymatrix games ; generalized linear complementarity problem ; stability ; degree theory ; Verallgemeinerte Polymatrix-Spiele ; verallgemeinertes lineares Komplementaritätsproblem ; Stabilität ; Grad-Theorie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit führen wir eine Verallgemeinerung des Polymatrix-Spiels (eines Nicht-Nullsummen- und nicht-kooperativenn-Personen-Spiels), das von Howson betrachtet wurde, ein und führen das Problem, eine Gleichgewichtsmenge von Strategien für ein solches Spiel zu berechnen, auf das verallgemeinerte lineare Komplementaritätsproblem von Cottle und Dantzig zurück. Für eine noch allgemeinere Version des Spiels beweisen wir die Existenz einerε-Gleichgewichtsmenge von Strategien. Wir präsentieren auch ein Ergebnis über die Stabilität der Gleichgewichte, das auf der Grad-Theorie beruht.
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, we introduce a generalization of the polymatrix game (a nonzero sum noncooperativen-person game) considered by Howson and relate the problem of computing an equilibrium set of strategies for such a game to the generalized linear complementarity problem of Cottle and Dantzig. For an even more general version of the game we prove the existence of anε-equilibrium set of strategies. We also present a result on the stability of the equilibria based on degree theory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540162
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Money demand stability: Evidence from Spain (1998)
    Springer
    Empirical economics 23 (1998), S. 387-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Money demand ; cointegration ; stability ; regime shift ; JEL classification: E41 ; C22
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract. Using several tests for structural stability in regressions with I(1) variables and for the existence of cointegration in models with regime shifts, the empirical evidence on the existence of a structural break in the Spanish long-run demand for broad money (ALP2) is analysed.  The results indicate that shifts affecting the demand for ALP2 in recent years have substantially altered its long-run properties. As to the cause of this structural break, emphasis is placed on the role played by the increasing openness of the Spanish financial system to international markets as obstacles to free capital movements have progressively disappeared.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001810050027
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Discrete stability of the Differential System Method evaluated with geostatistical techniques (1998)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 12 (1998), S. 191-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords: groundwater flow ; inverse problems ; stability ; geostatistical interpolation ; kriging.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Differential System Method (DSM) permits identification of the physical parameters of finite-difference groundwater flow models in a confined aquifer when piezometric head and source terms are known at each point of the finite-difference lattice for at least two independent flow situations for which the hydraulic gradients are not parallel. Since piezometric head data are usually few and sparse, interpolation of the measured data onto a regular grid can be performed with geostatistical techniques. We apply kriging to the sparse data of a synthetic aquifer to evaluate the stability of the DSM with respect to uncorrelated measurement errors and interpolation errors. The numerical results show that the DSM is stable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004770050017
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A bifurcation analysis of the nonlinear parametric programming problem (1990)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 47 (1990), S. 117-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Bifurcation ; singularity ; parametric programming ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The structure of solutions to the nonlinear parametric programming problem with a one dimensional parameter is analyzed in terms of the bifurcation behavior of the curves of critical points and the persistence of minima along these curves. Changes in the structure of the solution occur at singularities of a nonlinear system of equations motivated by the Fritz John first-order necessary conditions. It has been shown that these singularities may be completely partitioned into seven distinct classes based upon the violation of one or more of the following: a complementarity condition, a constraint qualification, and the nonsingularity of the Hessian of the Lagrangian on a tangent space. To apply classical bifurcation techniques to these singularities, a further subdivision of each case is necessary. The structure of curves of critical points near singularities of lowest (zero) codimension within each case is analyzed, as well as the persistence of minima along curves emanating from these singularities. Bifurcation behavior is also investigated or discussed for many of the subcases giving rise to a codimension one singularity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580856
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of stable matchings as extreme points of a polytope (1992)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 57-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Matchings ; stability ; extreme points ; polytope
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to extend a modified version of a recent result of Vande Vate (1989) which characterizes stable matchings as the extreme points of a certain polytope. Our proofs are simpler and more transparent than those of Vande Vate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01586041
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantitative stability of variational systems: III.ε-approximate solutions (1993)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 61 (1993), S. 197-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Epi-convergence ; epi-distance ; stability ; convex optimization ; approximate solutions ; subgradients ; level sets
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We prove that theε-optimal solutions of convex optimization problems are Lipschitz continuous with respect to data perturbations when these are measured in terms of the epi-distance. A similar property is obtained for the distance between the level sets of extended real valued functions. We also show that these properties imply that theε-subgradient mapping is Lipschitz continuous.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01582147
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The spectral accuracy of a fully-discrete scheme for a nonlinear third order equation (1990)
    Springer
    Computing 44 (1990), S. 187-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Schlagwort(e): 65M10 ; Spectral method ; stability ; stability threshold
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Zur numerischen Lösung einer nichtlinearen Differentialgleichung dritter Ordnung, herrührend aus einem Strömungsproblem bei Gasteilchen, wird ein zeitdiskreter Pseudo-spektral-Algorithmus vorgeschlagen. Stabilität und Konvergenz des neuen Differenzenverfahrens werden analysiert. Numerische Vergleiche mit bestehenden Differenzenschemata sprechen klar zugunsten des neuen Verfahrens.
    Notizen: Abstract A time-discrete pseudospectral algorithm is suggested for the numerical solution of a nonlinear third order equation arising in fluidization. The nonlinear stability and convergence of the new scheme are analyzed. Numerical comparisons with available finite-difference methods are also reported which clearly indicate the superiority of the new scheme.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262215
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Abiotic mortality factors of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 71 (1994), S. 201-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Hypothenemus hampei ; coffee berry borer ; abiotic mortality ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Mortality of the coffee berry borer was studied under controlled laboratory conditions in Tapachula, Mexico. For adult female borers subjected to a range of relative humidities (RH) without food at 25°C, the longest mean survival time (20 days) was obtained at 93.5% RH. Adult borer survival was also studied at a range of temperatures for a fixed relative humidity (93.5% RH); at 20°C mean survival time was 28 days. Fecundity and mortality of borer stages in berries was studied for a range of humidities at 25°C. Maximum fecundity was obtained at 90 and 93.5% RH. Immature stages were ejected from the berry at 84% RH and above, which is interpreted as a form of brood hygiene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02426404
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The impact of the egg parasitoid Uscana lariophaga on Callosobruchus maculatus populations and the damage to cowpea in a traditional storage system (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 89 (1998), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; Uscana lariophaga ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; Callosobruchus maculatus ; cowpea ; storage pest ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In West Africa, Uscana lariophaga (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitizes the eggs of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), an important pest of stored cowpea. The impact of the egg parasitoid on pest populations was evaluated in clay pots used in traditional storage in Niger. At the beginning of the storage period cowpeas were infested with different densities of larval instars and adults of C. maculatus and inoculated with one density of U. lariophaga. The higher the initial densities of C. maculatus, the better the egg parasitoid was able to establish itself and to control the population of C. maculatus, limiting the damage to cowpea. After three months of storage, the egg parasitoid significantly reduced the number of C. maculatus adults by 68 at the lowest and 86 percent at the highest initial density of the beetle; the percentage of damaged beans was reduced by 13 and 19% respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003555413273
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of leaf pubescence in Salix borealis on host- plant choice and feeding behaviour of the leaf beetle, Melasoma lapponica (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 89 (1998), S. 297-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): leaf pubescence ; host-plant preference ; consumption rate ; feeding behaviour ; delayed induced resistance ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Kola Peninsula
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Density of leaf trichomes in Salix borealis affected both the choice of individual host plants and feeding behaviour of adults and last instar larvae of the willow feeding leaf beetle, Melasoma lapponica. Beetles clearly preferred shaved disks to unshaved ones taken from the same leaf; this preference was highest in leaves of the most pubescent plants. High leaf pubescence explained the low preference for willow clones from the high density site in among-site preference trials; shaving significantly increased the consumption of these pubescent willow clones. In no-choice experiments, the food consumption by both adults and last instar larvae decreased with an increase in leaf pubescence. The time budget of adults did not depend on leaf pubescence of the host plants, however adults compelled to feed on highly pubescent plants changed their feeding sites twice as often as on less pubescent willow clones. Larvae feeding on highly pubescent plants spend moving three times as much time as larvae feeding on less pubescent plants. Combined with our earlier observations on the increase in leaf pubescence in the year(s) following defoliation, these data suggest that leaf hairiness may have contributed to the delayed induced resistance in S. borealis by disturbing the feeding behaviour of M. lapponica.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003591204999
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Field trapping of Metamasius hemipterus with synthetic aggregation pheromone (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 453-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Metamasius hemipterus ; aggregation pheromone ; redundancy ; field trapping ; sex-ratio
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The five synthetic pheromone components of the West Indian sugarcane borer (WISB), Metamasius hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) were tested in the field. The combination of sugarcane (SC) and the major pheromone compound, 4-methyl-5-nonanol (1) was attractive. However, the addition of 2-methyl-4-heptanol (2) or 2-methyl-4-octanol (3) was required to reach high catch levels while 5-nonanol (4) or 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-nonanone (5) did not enhance WISB attraction. The redundancy phenomenon, here reported for the first time in rhynchophorinous species, was observed between compounds 2 and 3. SC +1 +3 was more attractive than living male baits, however, the sex-ratio of the catches was equivalent between both treatments. The sex-ratio of catches was affected by the qualitative composition of the pheromone formulation. Compound 3 had a sexual role, attracting more females while 5 seemed to play an aggregation role, luring both sexes in the same proportion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343468
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Behavioral responses of Colorado potato beetle larvae to combinations of temperature and insolation, under field conditions (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 255-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; behavior ; thermal biology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In short-term field trials at combinations of ambient temperature (°C) and insolation (W·m−2), larval Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say] [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]) were observed after their release on the adaxial surface of leaflets on potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. Solanaceae). The larvae either began feeding or moved under the leaflet; mean interval from release to expression of these behaviors (2.9±0.05 min [n =358]) was independent of air temperature and insolation. Proportion of larvae moving under the leaflet increased logistically with both air temperature and insolation. A 1 W·m−2 change in insolation (P) evoked the same effect on this proportion as a 0.0838 °C change in air temperature (T a ), so the two quantities were combined as T*=T a +P·0.0838 °C/(W·m−2), which has units of °C. The proportion of larvae moving under the leaflet increased logistically with T*. In 1-day field trials we monitored air temperature, insolation and proportion of larvae under the leaflet, and compared the latter to predictions from the logistic regression derived from the short-term trials. Consistently more larvae occurred under leaflets than predicted from the logistic regression; this bias diminished as T* increased until at T*≥40 °C, observed and predicted proportions were equal. This pattern of deviation from the predictions of the logistic regression is consistent with a thermoregulatory strategy in which larvae move away from hostile conditions, rather than seek optimal conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383813
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of selected physical and chemical treatments of Colorado potato beetle eggs on host acceptance and development of the parasitic wasp, Edovum puttleri (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 90 (1999), S. 237-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): physical and chemical effects ; parasitization ; Colorado potato beetle ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Edovum puttleri ; Hymenoptera ; Eulophidae ; UV irradiation ; host age ; freezing ; kairomone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Effects of various physical and chemical treatments of Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] eggs on parasitization and development of the egg parasitoid Edovum puttleri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were investigated. UV irradiation did not affect host acceptance but reduced host suitability for UV exposure times ≥90 min. Susceptibility of host eggs to UV irradiation varied with host age; eggs were most vulnerable to damage from irradiation at 12, 18, and 24 h post-oviposition. The rate of parasitization also was influenced by host age. Percent parasitization was greatest in freshly laid eggs and 24–30 h old eggs. Seventy-seven percent of host eggs frozen at −20 °C (5 min) were parasitized by E. puttleri, but extended exposure of eggs to −20 °C reduced both acceptance and suitability. Host eggs that had been washed with hexane (removal of kairomone and sticky layer) also were parasitized. After 5 min of washing, application of kairomone significantly increased the rate of parasitism (from 74.7% to 88.2%), but with longer periods of washing, kairomone application had no significant effect on percent parasitism. Thus, the sticky material(s) coating the egg did not appear to be essential for parasitization to occur. Our results provide effective methods and times for treating Colorado potato beetle eggs to maximize parasitization and development of E. puttleri.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026425813762
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Factors influencing dispersal of larval Coleomegilla maculata from the weed Acalypha ostryaefolia to sweet corn (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 90 (1999), S. 313-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Coccinellidae ; Coleomegilla maculata ; Euphorbiaceae ; Acalypha ostryaefolia ; Zea mays ; dispersal ; predator
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The polyphagous predator, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), commonly oviposits on the native weed, Acalypha ostryaefolia Riddell (Euphorbiaceae), in and around Kentucky sweet corn fields. Cannibalism of eggs by C. maculata adults and larvae is drastically lower on A. ostryaefolia than on nearby sweet corn plants. We examined ovipositional preference of C. maculata for A. ostryaefolia plants or sweet corn plants, dispersal of larvae from A. ostryaefolia plants, capability for dispersal of larvae across bare soil (e.g., to nearby plants), ability of larvae to climb from ground level up A. ostryaefolia plants or sweet corn plants, and effect of A. ostryaefolia borders adjacent to sweet corn plots on C. maculata population density in sweet corn. The ovipositional preference study revealed that C. maculata laid more eggs on A. ostryaefolia than on corn. First-instar C. maculata that hatched from egg clusters on A. ostryaefolia dispersed predominantly by falling, rather than crawling, to the ground. Glandular trichomes on A. ostryaefolia petioles and stems apparently inhibited intraplant movement of first instars, resulting in those larvae falling directly from leaves to the ground. Some first instars were capable of moving at least 8 m across bare soil in 24 h. From the ground, significantly more first instars climbed sweet corn plants than climbed A. ostryaefolia plants. Significantly more larvae were present in sweet corn plots bordered by A. ostryaefolia plants than in sweet corn plots without an A. ostryaefolia border. These findings show that physical attributes of companion plants can significantly influence natural enemy populations on crop plants by affecting interplant dispersal of natural enemies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026429217088
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of lectins, CRY1A/CRY1B Bt α-endotoxin, PAPA, protease and ;4-amylase inhibitors, on the development of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, using an artificial seed bioassay (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 82 (1997), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): biomonitor ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; lectin ; PAPA ; E-64 ; artificial seeds ; protease inhibitor ; weevil ; Sitophilus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract An artificial maize seed bioassay was developed to evaluate potential resistance factors against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae. Weevils reared in artificial seeds compared to those reared in whole maize seeds: (i) developed faster, (ii) had similar within-seed developmental mortalities, (iii) were lighter in weight upon emergence and (iv) oviposited the same number of eggs. Using this bioassay we found that E-64, a cysteine protease inhibitor, decreased the number of emerged adults per seed and delayed within-seed developmental time, suggesting that the rice weevil utilizes a cysteine protease to digest its dietary protein. Weevils fed inhibitors of trypsin and chymotrypsin, Bowman-Birk and Kunitz inhibitors respectively, developed normally. Para-amino-l-phenylalanine (PAPA), a non-protein amino acid implicated as an insect resistance factor in Vigna vexillata, was lethal at dietary levels of 0.2% (w/w) and higher. An extract from Amaranthus caudatus seeds delayed the developmental time of the rice weevil at dietary levels of 0.2% (w/w) and increased mortality at dietary levels of 1.0% (w/w). Several proteins tested, including Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin II, phytohemagglutinin extract containing common bean α-amylase inhibitor, pokeweed agglutinin, Bacillus thuringiensis CRY1A/CRY1B endotoxin, and an α-amylase inhibitor from wheat, had no effect on the rice weevil. The artificial maize seed bioassay was adapted by pelleting the seed for use with an ultrasonic insect feeding monitor to determine the finding activity of rice weevils as they developed from egg hatch to pupation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002925301696
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reproductive status and flight activity of the overwintered Colorado potato beetle (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 91 (1999), S. 443-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Colorado potato beetle ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; mating ; flight ; insecticide resistance management
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Mating behavior of post-diapause Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), was observed within an overwintering site, a rotated potato field, newly colonized potato plants, and under laboratory conditions. The influence of spring mating on beetle flight in the presence and in the absence of host plants was investigated using a computer-linked flight mill system. Diapause was terminated simultaneously in male and female beetles, and the first matings were observed as early as within the first 24 h after the beetles emerged from the soil (60–90 DD accumulated). The beetles mated within the overwintering site, the potato field, and the fields rotated out of potatoes. Mating status did not affect flight behavior of overwintered beetles; however, unfed beetles displayed higher flight activity than fed beetles. Most flight activity took place soon after flight muscle regeneration, and then declined sharply by the 5th day after flight initiation. Mating in or near overwintering sites soon after diapause termination might be an important factor in providing gene flow between insecticide-resistant and insecticide-susceptible Colorado potato beetle populations, and should be considered in designing resistance management plans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003603107890
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Flight initiation byProstephanus truncatus in relation to time of day, temperature, relative humidity and starvation (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 75 (1995), S. 273-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Prostephanus truncatus ; larger grain borer ; Coleoptera ; Bostrichidae ; flight initiation ; take-off ; wingopening ; stored products insect
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Studies were carried out in the laboratory on the influences of time of day, temperature, relative humidity and starvation on flight initiation byProstephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Flight occurred throughout the 12 h photophase and at the beginning of the scotophase but peaked at 2–0 h before darkness. Temperature exerted a significant effect on flight. The frequency of flight take-off increased with temperature over the range 20–30°C but declined sharply at 35°C. Flight activity increased with starvation up to a maximum at 2 days after which it began to decline.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382263
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allozyme variation among Brazilian and U.S. populations of Rhyzopertha dominica resistant to insecticides (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 84 (1997), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): allozymes ; genetic variation ; Rhyzopertha dominica ; Brazil ; USA ; insecticide resistance ; Coleoptera ; Bostrichidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)) is an important pest of stored grain in many parts of the world (Paleartic, Ethiopian, Oriental, Australian, Neotropical, and Neartic regions) with the ability to fly long distances. These insects have been shown to be resistant to organophosphorus insecticides in several studies. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to assess the genetic variability within and among eight Brazilian and seven United States populations of R. dominica and to determine how insecticide resistance may be spreading within both countries. Significant variation in allele frequency among populations was observed at all six polymorphic enzyme loci that were examined. The Brazilian and U.S. populations were genetically differentiated from one another; populations within the U.S. and those within Brazil were also differentiated from one another. The mean genetic similarity among the seven U.S. populations collected in a small region in northeast Kansas was smaller than that among eight Brazilian populations collected in a relatively large geographical area. These results are consistent with the resistance ratios to chlorpyriphos-methyl in R. dominica populations from Brazil and the U.S. and the information available concerning patterns of flight activity in this insect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003018305244
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selection of fruits for oviposition by the chestnut weevil, Curculio elephas (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 86 (1998), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): chestnut weevil ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; selection of fruits ; host-markers ; larval noise
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Under field conditions, females of the chestnut weevil Curculio elephas select their oviposition sites. In sleeve experiments, when the number of fruits is limited, females avoid 17% of available chestnuts and concentrate their eggs in the others. In the field, on average, 56.3 and 27.8% of the infested fruits contain one or two immatures (eggs and larvae). The oviposition site selection is neither influenced by host size nor by the presence of immature conspecifics. Choice experiments in the laboratory suggest that female weevils do not deposit repellent chemical markers on the fruits. Moreover, sleeve experiments indicate that selection is not influenced by the noise made by larvae while feeding inside a fruit. In general, the most probable hypothesis is that Curculio elephas exploits only hosts of highest feeding quality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003178026887
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic differentiation of groundnut seed-beetle populations in Senegal (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 87 (1998), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Caryedon serratus ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; genetic differentiation ; biotypes ; Senegal ; groundnut ; Caesalpinioideae ; Leguminosae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Caryedon serratus, the groundnut seed-beetle, is a major pest of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), an introduced legume in the subfamily Papilionoideae. Native hosts of C. serratus in Senegal include Bauhinia rufescens, Cassia sieberiana, Piliostigma reticulatum and Tamarindus indica, all of which belong to the legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The biology and natural history of C. serratus suggest that it is a candidate for population differentiation via host-race formation. Evidence for host-tree associated differentiation in C. serratus would be important for the design of rational pest management practices. To test this possibility, we analyzed the genetic structure of 20 adult collections of C. serratus from six sites in Western Senegal, on its five hosts. Results show a strong differentiation of insects from different host trees, with specimens from C. sieberiana possibly representing a sibling species and insects from B. rufescens a distinct host-race.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003268331207
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mortality in Oryzaephilus surinamensis following short-term exposure to conditioned kernels by high-density culture (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 555-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Oryzaephilus surinamensis ; Coleoptera ; Cucijidae ; population density ; semiochemicals ; lethal secretions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343481
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of fumonisin B1 on growth and metabolism of larvae of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 86 (1998), S. 135-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): yellow mealworm ; contaminated diet ; fungi ; Fusarium moniliforme ; mycotoxins ; feeding bioassay ; toxicity ; nutritional indices ; Coleoptera ; Tenebrionidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The chronic and acute toxicity of fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin from Fusarium moniliforme, to the larvae of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, was assessed. The toxin was administered via the diet or injected directly into the larvae. Young T. molitor larvae fed on a diet containing 450 µg FB1 per g diet exhibited reduced growth performance but only after consuming the fumonisin-contaminated diet for several weeks. FB1-contaminated diet also reduced the rate of carbon dioxide production, food consumption and protein metabolism. The concentrations of FB1 in the diet did not increase mortality, even when tested at the highest dose of 450 µg FB1 per g of diet. Injection of 25 ng FB1 per larva decreased the CO2 production, but became significant only 11 days after the injection and was reversible with time. A parallel analysis of the retention of FB1 by the larvae indicated that about 40% of the ingested FB1 was excreted in the faeces.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003141712796
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fecundity and juvenile survival of shape Bembidion lampros and Tachyporus hypnorum (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 87 (1998), S. 301-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Age-dependent fecundity ; Coleoptera ; Carabidae ; Staphylinidae ; life history traits
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Fecundity and development from first instar larvae to adult beetles were studied for Bembidion lampros Herbst (Coleoptera; Carabidae) and Tachyporus hypnorum F. (Coleoptera; Staphylinidae). Both species reproduce in arable fields, where they are known to contribute to the natural control of cereal aphids. They are univoltine and have similar life cycles and development times. T. hypnorum females laid approximately 3 times more eggs than B. lampros females. Relative lifetime fecundity of B. lampros was very low with an average of 10 eggs per female. Based on the time where half of the populations had dispersed from the overwintering sites into an arable field B. lampros started egg-lay 100°D (°C〉9) and T. hypnorum 200°D (°C〉3) after dispersal. Mortality in the juvenile stages was found to be an important factor in the population dynamics of both B. lampros and T. hypnorum. The survival from first instar larvae to adults was on average 34% for B. lampros independent of soil type, 21% for T. hypnorum developed in sandy soil and 49% when developed in clayey soil under semi-field conditions. Enlargement of B. lampros and T. hypnorum populations to increase the natural control of aphids during their establishment in cereal fields may be possible if the conditions for juvenile development are improved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003228006214
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Deathwatch beetle, Xestobium rufovillosum, in historical buildings: monitoring the pest and its predators (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 93 (1999), S. 97-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): deathwatch beetle ; Xestobium rufovillosum ; Coleoptera ; Anobiidae ; timber pest
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Trapping and monitoring experiments were conducted in the roof spaces of four buildings infested with deathwatch beetle, Xestobium rufovillosum de Geer (Coleoptera: Anobiidae). Data from sticky traps and an ultra-violet insectocutor showed that adult deathwatch beetles were trapped from May to July. The beetles were attracted to natural and UV light, and more beetles were caught on white coloured traps than yellow, blue or red traps. Deathwatch beetles comprised 30–40% of all arthropods caught. The weekly trap catch of all arthropods, including deathwatch beetle, was positively correlated with ambient temperature. Adult beetles flew in buildings at ambient temperatures greater than 17 °C. Arthropods caught in the buildings were categorised as resident, over-wintering or non-resident arthropods. Predatory spiders comprised 13% of arthropods caught and the predatory beetle, Korynetes caeruleus de Geer, was found in all four buildings. There was no evidence of other predators or parasitoids of the deathwatch beetle
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003824910137
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of artificial diets and two species of natural prey as laboratory food forChilocorus spp. (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 69 (1993), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Artificial diets ; Coccinellidae ; rearing ; biological control ; Chilocorus spp. ; Coleoptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Promising diets were screened and the most successful modified with additives used in artificial diets for other entomophagous insects. Two suitable diets were obtained, one for adults and one for larvae ofChilocorus nigritus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). They were still inferior to natural prey and not adequate as the sole food source for rearing consecutive generations. They are valuable as substitute food in the insectary during shortages of natural prey. Oleander scaleAspidiotus nerii Bouché andAsterolecanium miliaris (Boisduval) were evaluated as natural prey forC. nigritus and two other potential biocontrol agents in southern Africa,C. bipustulatus (Linnaeus) andC. infernalis Mulsant.A. nerii andA. miliaris were suitable for all life stages ofC. nigritus and adults ofC. bipustulatus andC. infernalis. A. miliaris was inadequate for larvae ofC. bipustulatus andC. infernalis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380669
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Avoidance of willows from moderately polluted area by leaf beetle, Melasoma lapponica: effects of emission or induced resistance? (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 79 (1996), S. 355-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): aerial pollution ; heavy metals ; sulphur dioxide ; feeding preference ; Salix ; Melasoma lapponica ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; population density ; induced resistance ; plant communication ; Kola Peninsula
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We studied preference for willows along a pollution gradient on the Kola Peninsula, Russia, by the leaf beetle, Melasoma lapponica. Multiple tests with leaf disks demonstrated low preference for Salix borealis, S. caprea and S. phylicifolia from the plot situated 14 km from the smelter, in comparison with conspecific plants from plots situated at 1 and 29 km distances. This pattern was observed when testing beetles orginating from any plot both in 1993 and 1994, using both young and mature leaves of S. borealis. Although fumigation of S. borealis with realistic SO2 concentration (100 μg/m3) increased plant palatability, preference for plants from our study plots did not correlate with plot-specific mean SO2 concentrations. Furthermore, no correlation with foliar concentrations of the main metal pollutants (Ni and Cu) was found. Palatability of plants was negatively correlated with population density of M. lapponica, which peaked in the moderately polluted plot 14 km from the smelter. Within this plot, beetles clearly preferred non-damaged bushes of S. borealis to previously damaged bushes. We therefore conclude that low preference of S. borealis from the moderately polluted area was caused by plant resistance induced by severe damage from M. lapponica in previous years rather than by pollution impact. However, S. caprea and S. phylicifolia had little damage from M. lapponica, and low palatability of these species in the moderately polluted plot suggests changes in plant quality similar to changes in heavily damaged bushes of S. borealis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186294
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Examination of anAspergillus flavus resistant inbred of maize for crossresistance to sap beetle vectors (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 71 (1994), S. 177-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): aflatoxin ; Carophilus ; Zea mays ; corn ; plant resistance ; Coleoptera ; Nitidulidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382385
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intraspecific variability in adult flea beetle behaviour and larval performance on an atypical host plant (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 160-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Phyllotreta nemorum ; Barbarea vulgaris ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Cruciferae ; resistance ; genetics of insects ; inheritance ; Y-linkage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194748
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Potential impact of Coleomegilla maculata predation on adaptation of Leptinotarsa decemlineata to Bt-transgenic potatoes (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 82 (1997), S. 91-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Bacillus thuringiensis ; Leptinotarsa ; Coleomegilla ; potato ; resistance ; Coleoptera ; Coccinellidae ; Chrysomelidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The relationship between Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say egg density and Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer predatory behavior was investigated at different spatial scales (plant-to-plant and plot-to-plot). Both adult C. maculata location and daily egg consumption rates were monitored over time in greenhouse and field tests. Despite aggregation in areas of highest prey density by C. maculata, egg consumption was inversely related to egg mass density at the smallest and the largest spatial scales tested. The experimental data on predation rates in high and low density field treatments were included in a mathematical model to simulate impact of natural enemies on the rate of L. decemlineata adaptation to Bt-toxin-expressing transgenic potato plants when Bt-expressing plants are mixed at the plot-to-plot level with normal potato plants. Results showed that C. maculata predatory behavior could decrease the rate at which L. decemlineata adapted to Bt-toxins if plot-to-plot mixed-plantings were used.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002935706990
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cholesterol oxidase: an oöstatic and larvicidal agent active against the cotton boll weevil,Anthonomus grandis (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 74 (1995), S. 253-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Anthonomus grandis ; cholesterol oxidase ; insecticidal protein ; oöstatic agent ; transgenic cotton
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The enzyme cholesterol oxidase (E.C. 1.1.3.6), purified fromStreptomyces culture filtrate was previously found to have oral insecticidal activity on neonate larvae of the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman) from a laboratory population. In the present study, second instar larvae were also controlled by the enzyme at diet concentrations similar to those which control neonates (12 day LC50=2.4 μg.ml−1 in diet). Larvae from field-collected adults were similarly susceptible to cholesterol oxidase in the diet. When ingested by adult females during the mating/pre-oviposition period, cholesterol oxidase greatly reduced subsequent oviposition (83% reduction in eggs laid as compared to controls) and larval survival (97% reduction from controls). Dissection of treated adult females revealed poorly developed ovaries and few developing oöcytes. These studies were conducted to further evaluate the utility of cholesterol oxidase in a program to establish boll weevil-resistant transgenic cotton.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381789
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Response of the pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus to volatiles emitted by intact plants and conspecifics (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 84 (1997), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Meligethes aeneus ; pollen beetle ; Coleoptera ; Nitidulidae ; Brassica napus ; oilseed-rape ; Y-tube-olfactometer ; host plant location ; epideictic pheromone ; sex determination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The response of the pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus Fab. (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) to the volatiles of undamaged plants and conspecifics was tested in a Y-tube-olfactometer-bioassay. Beetles that had hibernated preferred significantly the volatiles emitted by their most important host plant, oilseed-rape (Brassica napus L. ‘Lorar’) in the early bud-stage. However, the odour emitted by rye (Secale cereale L.), tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) were also attractive when tested against the corresponding growing-medium. Dock plants (Rumex obtusifolius L.) and touch-me-not (Impatiens parviflora L.) possessed no attractive properties. When tested against each other, oilseed-rape was preferred significantly by M. aeneus above all other plants, with the exception of tomato. The results indicate that M. aeneus is able to locate its host plant by olfactory stimuli in the early bud-stage, i.e. in that stage in which the infestation begins in the field and when the typical yellow colour and floral scent of oilseed-rape are absent. Female pollen beetles avoided significantly the volatiles emitted by female conspecifics and an ether extract of conspecifics of mixed sex, while volatiles from males had no significant effect on females. Furthermore, males showed no preferences when responding to conspecific odour in the olfactometer. These results suggest the existence of an epideictic pheromone for M. aeneus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003040318376
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of pheromone traps for control and monitoring of sweetpotato weevils, Cylas puncticollis and C. brunneus, in Uganda (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 85 (1997), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Cylas puncticollis ; Cylas brunneus ; sweetpotato weevil ; pheromone ; pheromone trap ; Coleoptera ; Apionidae ; Africa
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Experiments were carried out in Uganda to optimise pheromone traps for the African sweetpotato weevil species, Cylas puncticollis Bohe. and C. brunneus F. (Coleoptera: Apionidae). Various designs of funnel, water and sticky traps were compared and a 5-l plastic jerry can trap was the most appropriate design for effectiveness and practicability. A solution of Omo detergent in water was found to be the most effective trapping agent. Fewer weevils were caught in red traps than in yellow, white, green or blue traps. Catches of C. puncticollis increased when the trap was raised above crop height, but catches of C. brunneus were unaffected. When marked weevils were dropped onto the trap, 36% of C. puncticollis and 23% of C. brunneus were captured, and, of weevils placed in the trap, 88% and 92%, respectively, of the two species remained overnight. Lures for the two species showed no significant loss in attractiveness after 8 weeks in the field, and chemical analysis showed 19% of the C. puncticollis pheromone and 72% of the C. brunneus pheromone remaining after this time. Summarizing, the following trap is presently recommended for monitoring/controlling African Cylas species: a 5-l plastic jerry can trap of any colour with rectangular openings of 11×5 and 6×5 cm positioned 15 cm above the crop canopy, filled with 0.5 l Omo solution (1 g/1 l water), with 0.1 mg lures to be replaced every 8 weeks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003031031155
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Flight behavior of pre- and postdiapause apple blossom weevils in relation to ambient temperature (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 88 (1998), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Anthonomus pomorum ; temperature ; diapause ; flight behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003269621622
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Two-Patch Model of Gambian Sleeping Sickness: Application to Vector Control Strategies in a Village and Plantations (1998)
    Springer
    Acta biotheoretica 46 (1998), S. 207-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Schlagwort(e): Epidemiology ; sleeping sickness ; vector controls ; differential equations ; spacialization ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A compartmental model is described for the spread of Gambian sleeping sickness in a spatially heterogeneous environment in which vector and human populations migrate between two "patches": the village and the plantations. The number of equilibrium points depends on two "summary parameters": gr the proportion removed among human infectives, and R0, the basic reproduction number. The origin is stable for R0 〈1 and unstable for R0 〉1. Control strategies are assessed by studying the mix of vector control between the two patches that bring R0 below 1. The results demonstrate the importance of vector control in the plantations. For example if 20 percent of flies are in the village and the blood meal rate in the village is 10 percent, then a 20 percent added vector mortality in the village must be combined with a 9 percent added mortality in the plantations in order to bring R0 below 1. The results are quite insentive to the blood meal rate in the village. Optimal strategies (that minimize the total number of flies trapped in both patches) are briefly discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001776926167
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the function of pea flower feeding by Bruchus pisorum (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Pea weevil ; Bruchus pisorum ; Bruchidae ; Coleoptera ; flower feeding ; nectar robbing ; pea ; Pisum sativum ; resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Pea flower feeding by adult pea weevils, Bruchus pisorum (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), with special emphasis on nectar feeding, was investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Male and female adults robbed nectar from flowers of the garden and field pea, Pisum sativum L., and females which fed on the nectar, petals, and female organs of pea flowers lived significantly longer than those denied food and water and those that fed on water only. The results of other experiments suggested that pea flower qualities other than pollen influenced the reproductive success of female B. pisorum. It is hypothesized that pollen seeking B. pisorum effected cross-pollination in the wild progenitor of the modern-day autogamous pea, and adult pea weevils of both sexes rob pea nectar to obtain a readily available source of energy to sustain flight.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343571
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Host plant recognition in monophagous weevils: Specialization ofCeutorhynchus inaffectatus to glucosinolates from its host plantHesperis matronalis (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Ceutorhynchus inaffectatus ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Hesperis matronalis ; Dame's violet ; Brassicaceae ; Cruciferae ; glucosinolates ; feeding stimulants ; host plant specificity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Ceutorhynchus inaffectatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae:Ceutorhynchinae) is a monophagous species feeding only onHesperis matronalis L. (Cruciferae) in North-western Europe. Feeding responses of this weevil to five glucosinolates from its host plant were compared with the responses to four glucosinolates from non-host plants. The major glucosinolates in the host plant were isolated and identified: 6-methylsulphinylhexylglucosinolate (glucohesperalin), 3,4-dihydroxybenzylglucosinolate (glucomatronalin), 3-O-apiosylglucomatronalin, a 3,4-dihydroxybenzoylester and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzoylester of 3-O-apiosylglucomatronalin. The three glucosinolates containing apiose were powerful feeding stimulants forC. inaffectatus while the other host plant compounds and allyglucosinolate (sinigrin), 3-methylsulphinylpropylglucosinolate (glucoiberin), benzylglucosinolate (glucotropaeolin) and p-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate (sinalbin) were weaker stimulants. The role of glucosinolates in host plant selection ofC. inaffectatus and related monophagous crucifer feeders is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688993
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Can the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) reproduce by parthenogenesis? (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 77 (1995), S. 351-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Hypothenemus hampei ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; parthenogenesis ; sexual reproduction ; spanandry ; coffee berry borer ; inbreeding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383071
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glandular trichomes ofSolanum berthaultii alter host preference of the Colorado potato Beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 70 (1994), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Colorado potato beetle ; Solanaceae ; Solanum berthaultii ; plant resistance ; glandular trichomes ; host preference ; behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Choice and no-choice studies were conducted to determine how the glandular trichomes of the wild potato,Solanum berthaultii Hawkes, affect host preference of the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Given a feeding choice betweenS. tuberosum andS. berthaultii, larvae and adults preferred the foliage ofS. tuberosum, but adults were more discriminating. When foliage ofS. berthaultii was appressed toS. tuberosum leaflets, fewer adults fed on the appressed leaflets. When given a choice between ‘trichome-intact’ and ‘trichome-removed’S. berthaultii foliage, adults preferred to feed on the latter. The preference for ‘trichome-removed’ foliage and the percent of adults initiating feeding, increased with the degree of trichome removal. These studies provide evidence that the resistance ofS. berthaultii is associated with feeding deterrents localized in the glandular trichomes, thatS. berthaultii possesses more than one mechanism of resistance to the Colorado potato beetle, and that the expression of resistance is dependent on the developmental stage of the insect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380555
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative effect of short term exposures of Callosobruchus subinnotatus to carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or low temperature on behavior and fecundity (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 89 (1998), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; bruchidae ; anesthesia ; carbon dioxide ; nitrogen ; cold ; oviposition and mating
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of anesthetizing with carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or low temperature on the reproductive behavior and fecundity of Callosobruchus subinnotatus was investigated. Males and females anesthetized with N2 as virgins had shorter recovery time, copulated earlier, and had shorter mating time than those subjected to CO2 or low temperature. Exposure of males and females to 2.0±0.5 °C for 10 min had the most profound effect on the recovery periods, copulation time, and duration of mating. Adults anesthetized with CO2 and low temperature laid fewer eggs than those anesthetized with N2. Females were more affected than males by the treatments, except when males were chilled for 10 min, and this prolonged the time for commencement of mating. The mode of anesthesia could affect egg production because vitellogenesis and choriogenesis take place in the imago stage of bruchids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003503623654
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    What is the basis of pederin polymorphism in Paederus riparius rove beetles? The endosymbiotic hypothesis (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 93 (1999), S. 41-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Paederus riparius ; pederin polymorphism ; hemolymph toxin ; matrilineal trait ; endosymbionts ; cannibalism ; Staphylinidae ; Coleoptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Paederus riparius (Coleoptera:Staphylinidae) females are polymorphic with regard to their ability to synthesize the hemolymph toxin pederin, a character confined to that sex: (+)-females endow their eggs with pederin whereas (−)-females lay eggs devoid of the substance. When reared without access to conspecifics, (+)-females can only be obtained from (+)-mothers. Ingestion of (+)-eggs during larval development, however, enables the offspring of (−)-females to also become (+)-females. This is only the case if untreated (+)-eggs are eaten, while sterilized (+)-eggs do not alter larval fate as (−)-females. The character can thus be transferred to unrelated specimens. These experiments suggest that microorganisms might be involved in the biosynthesis of this unusual compound. Pederin appears to be the first defensive substance in insects traceable to endosymbionts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003842927497
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modifications in dispersal and oviposition of Bt-resistant and Bt-susceptible Colorado potato beetles as a result of exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis Cry3A toxin (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 90 (1999), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Colorado potato beetle ; Bacillus thuringiensis ; flight ; oviposition ; resistance management ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Laboratory strains of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), physiologically resistant and susceptible to Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) subsp. tenebrionis Cry3A toxin were reared to adults on caged potato plants. Influence of three different diets (transgenic potatoes, regular potatoes, and regular potatoes followed by the transgenic potatoes) on beetle mortality, fecundity, and flight behavior were tested under laboratory conditions. A computer-linked flight mill system was used to quantify beetle flight, and dissections were performed to determine the level of flight muscle development. Susceptible beetles continuously fed on transgenic foliage suffered heavy mortality, did not develop flight muscles, and did not produce any eggs. Resistant beetles continuously fed on transgenic foliage were capable of flight and reproduction; however, it took them longer to initiate flight behavior, and their fecundity was lower than fecundity of other treatments. In both strains, detrimental effects became significantly less severe when the beetles were allowed to feed on regular foliage prior to toxin ingestion. In the resistant strain, ingestion of Cry3A toxin significantly increased flight activity, indicating that physiological resistance was probably reinforced by the behavioral escape from toxic environments. No such response was observed for susceptible beetles. When fed on regular foliage, resistant Colorado potato beetles engaged in significantly fewer flights than susceptible beetles. Behavioral differences between resistant and susceptible beetles observed in the present study are likely to affect gene flow between transgenic crops and adjacent refugia, and should be taken in consideration when designing resistance management plans for transgenic potato crops.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003597616214
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stability properties of proliferatively coupled cell replication models (1991)
    Springer
    Acta biotheoretica 39 (1991), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Schlagwort(e): Hematological diseases ; first order partial differential equations ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract To address the possibility that proliferative disorders may originate from interactions between multiple populations of proliferating and maturing cells, we formulate a model for this process as a set of coupled nonlinear first order partial differential equations. Using recent results for the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions to this model, we demonstrate that there exists a region of coupling coefficients, maturation rates, and proliferation rates that will guarantee the stable coexistence of coupled cellular populations. The analysis shows that increases in the coupling between populations may ultimately lead to a loss of stability. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that increases (decreases) in the maturation and/or proliferation rates above (below) critical levels will lead either to instability in the populations or the destruction of one population and the persistence of the other.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046404
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimization of bioassay conditions for the olive bark beetle Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Laboratory bioassay ; olfactometer ; olive bark beetle ; Phloeotribus scarabaeoides ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Bioassay conditions with a glass olfactometer for the olive bark beetle, Phloeotribus scarabaeoides Bern. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), have been investigated. The best temperatures and light intensities were between 17 and 28° C and 1000 and 1500 lux, respectively. The best response was obtained with newly emerged individuals from reproduction galleries with no feeding period.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350349
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diet, fecundity and egg size in some polyphagous predatory carabid beetles (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 65 (1992), S. 129-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Carabidae ; Bembidion lampros ; Pterostichus cupreus ; P. melanarius ; diet ; egg production ; egg size variation ; pirimicarb ; fat reserves
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Egg size was measured at different rates of egg laying in three polyphagous carabid species, known to be useful predators of cereal aphids; the small Bembidion lampros Herbst and the medium-sized Pterostichus cupreus L. and P. melanarius Illiger. Variations in fecundity, as well as the ability of the medium-sized species to also build up fat reserves, were obtained when beetles were subjected to different dietary regimes consisting of aphids, or foods with a lower or higher protein content. Egg size was found to be dependent on the rate of egg laying within a species. A diet of cereal aphids appeared to be adequate for egg production in these polyphagous carabids, but female P. cupreus were unable to build up fat reserves when they ingested aphids contaminated with the aphicide pirimicarb. Beetles were able to devote resources to more and larger eggs (B. lampros), or to larger eggs and/or fat reserves (P. melanarius/P. cupreus) when given access to a carbohydrate-rich food with low protein content. The highest rate of egg laying was obtained when female P. cupreus and P. melanarius were given a more varied diet at frequent intervals; including regular shifts between unsprayed aphids, carbohydrate-rich food and protein-rich maggots. Within the varied diet treatment a negative relationship was obtained between egg size and egg number among similar-sized individuals of P. cupreus and P. melanarius; females producing the largest number also laid the smallest eggs. Egg size affected larval survival, since first instars hatching from large eggs were found to survive longer than those hatching from small eggs. The influence of differences in food intake on reproduction, maintenance metabolism, and survival of fieldinhabiting carabids is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221363
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spatial distribution and sequential sampling of adults ofGonocephalum macleayi andPterohelaeus darlingensis in different cropping regimes (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 65 (1992), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Tenebrionidae ; Pterohelaeus darlingensis ; Gonocephalum macleayi ; false wireworms ; sampling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Counts of adults of the false wirewormsGonocephalum macleayi (Blackburn) andPterohelaeus darlingensis Carter in pitfall traps in burnt, mulched and sorghum treatments conformed to Taylor's power law. Within a species there were no significant differences in distributions of counts of either sex in any habitat butG. macleayi were more aggregated thanP. darlingensis (Taylor'sb 1.35 and 1.26, respectively). Relationships to determine sample sizes for fixed levels of precision and fixed-precision-level stop lines for sequential sampling are developed for each species using Taylor's parameters for combined data over all habitats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02343856
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic structure of leaf-beetles populations: microgeographic and sexual differentiation inOreina cacaliae andO. speciosissima (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 65 (1992), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Population genetics ; microgeographic differentiation ; leaf-beetles ; Chrysomelinae ; Coleoptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We usedF-statistics to quantify the population structure of two sympatric species of leaf beetles,Oreina cacaliae andO. speciosissima (Chrysomelinae, Coleoptera), which share the same microhabitat since they feed on the same herbaceous host plants. We measured genetic differentiation at six allozyme loci 1) among populations separated by relatively small distances (40 to 250 kilometers), 2) within each population, and 3) between sexes within populations. For both species, the populations studied are not panmictic. For each population, heterozygosities are relatively high, but the observed heterozygosities are generally lower than the expected values. Overall, within-population differentiation is high and similar for both species (F is=0.326 forO. cacaliae and 0.332 forO. speciosissima). Additionally, populations of both species are highly differentiated (F st=0.234 versus 0.051 forO. speciosissima). ForO. cacaliae,F is andF st are greater among females than among males, while forO. speciosissima,F st is sustantially greater among the males whileF is is slightly greater among males. Differences in gene frequency among the sexes were statistically tested using a modifiedF st with sex as the defining category, and the sexes differed significantly with the exception of one population inO. cacaliae. Possible explanations for this difference are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02343858
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The behaviour of 9 stored product beetles at pitfall trap arenas and their capture in millet (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 66 (1993), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): avoidance behaviour ; capture efficiency ; Coleoptera ; time-lapse video ; visual recording
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Pitfall trap capture forSitophilus oryzae (L.),S. zeamais (Motschulsky),S. granarius (L.),Tribolium confusum (Duval),T. castaneum (Herbst);Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.),Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr),Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabr.), andProstephanus truncatus (Horn) in millet was assessed by visual and time-lapse video recordings. The behaviour of different beetle species in arenas containing millet was monitored over 24 h and the frequency of encounters with the trap rim resulting in capture recorded. The capture efficiency of four types of pitfall traps (i.e. polystyrene, polythene, glass and tin-plated steel can) with rims exposed or submerged below the millet surface level were compared. Capture was related to beetle size, locomotory rate, and beetle behaviour at the trap rim as well as trap design and placement. The lighter and smaller species were least captured. Glass jars were more effective than plastic and metal containers. Traps placed with their rims submerged below the grain surface level were more efficient than those with rims exposed. Capture rate was unrelated to trap size. The frequency of encounters with trap rims was not correlated with capture rate. Three types of avoidance behaviours at the trap rims i.e. probing, skirting and spontaneous retreat, were related to capture rate, spontaneous retreat being the most effective escape mechanism and probing least.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382285
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intraspecific variation in bionomic characters of the Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 65 (1992), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; fecundity ; geographical variation ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; ecology ; Phaseolus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera:Bruchidae) is native to parts of Central and South America but has now been spread to many others areas. It commonly infests the seeds of both Lima beans, Phaseolus lunatus, and common beans, Phaseolus vulgaris. Five geographic populations were found to differ in fecundity, patterns of egg distribution, times of development and adult sizes when they were kept under the same conditions. Each population also differed unpredictably from the others in its response to different cultivars of host seed. These differences have been shown to be of considerable importance in determining the potential pest status of the populations and should also promote caution in making predictions about the responses of different populations to new cultivars of bean for agricultural use.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189715
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of overwintering Colorado potato beetle in and near Massachusetts potato fields (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 66 (1993), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; distribution ; diapause ; overwintering ; mortality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382289
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of symbiotes in flight activity ofSitophilus weevils (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 70 (1994), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Sitophilus oryzae ; S. zeamais ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; flight activity ; symbiosis ; vitamin ; amino acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les performances de vol de nombreuses souches deSitophilus oryzae L. etS. zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) ont été comparées sur blé. Il s’avère que les mâles sont plus actifs que les femelles et queS. zeamais possède une meilleure aptitude au vol queS. oryzae. De plus, dans les deux espèces élevées sur blé, seuls les charançons normalement symbiotiques sont capables de voler, tandis que les aposymbiotiques ont perdu ce pouvoir. En complémentant la nourriture avec des vitamines (acide pantothénique et riboflavine) et certains acides aminés (phénylalanine et proline), cette activité a pu être restaurée en partie. L’influence de la symbiose sur l’aptitude au vol du charançon du genreSitophilus est commentée en fonction du métabolisme énergétique (coenzymes, proline) et du rôle joué par la symbiose dans ce comportement qui permet d’augmenter la dissémination de l’espèce.
    Notizen: Abstract The flight activity (take-off) of various strains ofSitophilus oryzae L. andS. zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) have been compared on wheat. It was shown that males are more active than females and thatS. zeamais, is more active thanS. oryzae. Furthermore, in the two species, when reared on wheat kernels, only symbiotic weevils were able to fly, while aposymbiotic insects did not. By supplementation of the diet with vitamins (pantothenic acid, riboflavin) and amino acids (phenylalanine and proline), this activity could be restored in part. The influence of symbiosis on the flight ability ofSitophilus weevil is discussed in relation to the energy metabolism (coenzymes, proline), the role played by symbiosis in this behaviour and its possible effect on the dissemination of the species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380553
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physiology and costs of resistance to herbivory and disease in Brassica (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 231-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Leptosphaeria maculans ; Peronospora parasitica ; fungal pathogens ; Phyllotreta cruciferae ; flea beetles ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Cruciferae ; chitinase ; myrosinase ; allocation costs ; plant defense mechanisms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We used artificial selection experiments to study genetic allocation costs and physiological mechanisms of resistance to herbivory and fungal disease. Genetic costs to resistance were present in some instances and absent in others. Genetic resistance to the fungal pathogen, Leptosphaeria maculans was cost-free, while resistance to Peronospora parasitica showed a negative genetic correlation between disease resistance and growth rate. Leptosphaeria resistant genotypes had 13% higher chitinase activity. Genetic increases in myrosinase activity were correlated with increased resistance to flea beetles (Phyllotreta cruciferae), but resulted in lower plant fecundity, presumably due to production costs of myrosinase. Genetic costs of resistance may maintain genetic variation in natural plant populations. These studies demonstrate the predictive and explanatory power of a functional approach to plant-herbivore and plant-pathogen interactions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194764
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Host selection behaviour of deathwatch beetle, Xestobium rufovillosum: Oviposition preference choice assays testing old vs new oak timber, Quercus sp. (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 89 (1998), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): deathwatch beetle ; Xestobium rufovillosum ; Coleoptera ; Anobiidae ; Quercus sp. ; host selection behaviour ; oviposition ; timber pest
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In a choice bio-assay adult female deathwatch beetles were offered two dendrochronologically dated wood blocks from oak timber to study oviposition preference behaviour. There was a clear preference for ovipositing on old wood dating from the 13th to 19th centuries rather than new wood from the 20th century. Control, same-century choice, experiments showed that beetles will oviposit on young wood and that the age of the wood does not alter the overall oviposition potential. Oviposition frequency varied with insect age. Fecundity of insects collected from an infested building was similar to that of insects maintained in culture.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003558723537
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tritrophic interactions among larval parasitoids, bruchids and Leguminosae seeds; influence of pre-and post-emergence learning on parasitoids' response to host and host-plant cues (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 293-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): ectoparasitoids ; semiochemicals ; parasite host-selection ; Eupelmus vuilleti ; Hymenoptera ; Eupelmidae ; Dinarmus basalis ; Pteromalidae ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; Bruchidius atrolineatus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194778
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Geographic variation in feeding and mating preferences in the Phratora tibialis complex (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): leaf beetles ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; feeding preference ; mating ; willows ; Salix
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194781
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of host plant and cucurbitacin on growth of larval Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 81 (1996), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): southern corn rootworm ; plant-insect interaction ; plant chemistry ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of host plant and dietary cucurbitacin on the growth of larval southern corn rootworm (SCR), Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Chrysomelidae: Luperini), were investigated. SCR were reared on four hosts: corn, Zea mays; peanuts, Arachis hypogaea; and two squash varieties, Cucurbita pepo cv. Ambassador (containing cucurbitacin D (0.08 mg g−1 fr.wt.) = bitter), and C. pepo cv. Early Yellow Crookneck (lacking cucurbitacin = non-bitter). Larval growth was significantly greater on corn and peanuts than on either squash variety. After four weeks, adults had emerged from corn and peanut plants, while squash-reared larvae had not yet entered the pupal stage. There was no difference in larval growth on the two varieties of squash. Primary metabolite measurements showed no nutritional differences between the two squash varieties. Artificial diet experiments were used to test the effect of three concentrations of cucurbitacin D (0.0, 0.1, and 0.6 mg g−1 diet) on growth of larval SCR. Larvae reared on diet containing 0.6 mg g−1 cucurbitacin weighed significantly less than larvae reared on diet containing 0.1 mg g−1 or no cucurbitacin after 10 d. No significant difference in growth was measured between the 0.1 mg g−1 diet and the 0.0 mg g−1 diet. Results are discussed relative to theories about the relationship between diabroticites and cucurbitacins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187837
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Disrupting spring colonization of Colorado potato beetle to nonrotated potato fields (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 73 (1994), S. 39-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; distribution ; overwintering ; diapause ; cultural control ; trap cropping
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Overwintering Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) were concentrated primarily within woody borders, and mortality was lower in borders than in potato fields. After overwintering, only 15–44% of live beetles were in the potato fields. In experiments with small plots, colonization of fields from woody borders was reduced ∼60% by a trap crop, either treated with adulticide or with beetles collected daily. Such trap crops, or simply pitfall traps to prevent colonization from woody borders, could significantly reduce early-season adult numbers and subsequent larval populations. However, success is dependent on the local densities of overwintered beetles, and the prevalence of arrestment behavior in the case of trap crops.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382512
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selection response of the Colorado potato beetle for adaptation to the resistant potato,Solanum berthaultii (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 73 (1994), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Colorado potato beetle ; Solanaceae ; Solanum berthaultii ; potato ; plant resistance ; selection ; adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Thirty cohorts of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) were reared for ten consecutive generations on the cultivated potato,Solanum tuberosum, and on two accessions (PI 473331 and PI 473334) of the resistant wild species,S. berthaultii. At each generation, selection was imposed for increased survival, decreased development time, and for increased fecundity. Although several parameters responded to selection, net replacement rate (R0) onS. berthaultii was consistently less than 1/3 that on cultivated potato. At the tenth generation, eachS. tuberosum strain female replaced herself with 110 daughters, whereas females from strains reared on PI 473334 and PI 473331 produced an average of 30 and 7 daughters, respectively. Slopes of the R0 regression lines for populations reared onS. tuberosum andS. berthaultii did not differ from zero, indicating no significant response to selection. Our findings suggest that populations of the Colorado potato beetle may have genetic variability in some performance traits for adaptation toS. berthaultii, but that adaptation is unlikely to occur as rapidly as previously reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383415
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quiescence in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 82 (1997), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Vibration detection ; sensitization ; habituation ; escape behaviour ; death feigning ; startle response ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Quiescence (death feigning) was induced in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata by mechanical disturbance of live and artificial plants on which beetles were walking, feeding or grooming. The response consisted of a sudden cessation of activity lasting 12 to 500 s. Recovery from this immobile state was usually preceded by either antennal or leg movement. The time taken for beetles to come out of the immobile state (i.e. recovery time) was not dependent on age or sex of beetles or on stimulus duration, but was dependent on degree of displacement and on satiation level. Repeated stimulations led to longer recovery times and to a smaller proportion of responding beetles. Stimulation within the immobile state also prolonged recovery time. The most effective frequency of mechanical disturbance for startling beetles was 30 Hz. This response is presumed to be part of the extensive defense repertoire of this beetle, but we have so far been unable to discover a natural enemy that will elicit it.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002948008807
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of aphid prey quality on searching behaviour of Adalia bipunctata and its susceptibility to insecticides (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 92 (1999), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Coccinellidae ; Adalia bipunctata ; Phorodon humuli ; Aphis fabae ; Aphis craccivora ; Aphis spiraephaga ; pyrethroids ; insect growth regulators
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract After consumption of one individual of a suitable prey, such as Phorodon humuli (Schrank) (Aphididae), Adalia bipunctata L. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) adults changed from extensive to intensive searching behaviour. However, after the consumption of one individual of three other aphid species: Aphis fabae Scop., Aphis craccivora Koch or Aphis spiraephaga Müller, which are unsuitable prey, this coccinellid remained immobile for 12–76 min and did not switch to intensive search after moving off. Adult A. bipunctata fed an unsuitable prey, A. fabae, for 2 weeks were 2–4 times more susceptible to pyrethroid insecticides (permethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, esfenvalerate, alfa-cypermethrin and bioresmethrin) and insect growth regulators (diflubenzuron, triflumuron, fenoxycarb, flufenoxuron, teflubenzuron) than those fed a suitable prey, P. humuli. The searching behaviour of coccinellids could thus be another criterion for determining the suitability of aphids as prey. The fact that the nutritional quality of aphids can affect the susceptibility of predatory coccinellids to insecticides should be borne in mind in integrated pest management programs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003726106479
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spring colonisation of orchards by Anthonomus pomorum from adjacent forest borders (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 93 (1999), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): dispersal ; mark-release-recapture ; Anthonomus pomorum ; apple blossom weevil ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; apple orchard
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The early-season dispersal of the overwintered apple blossom weevil, Anthonomus pomorum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a crucial stage in the colonisation of dwarf apple orchards adjacent to forests. We have conducted release-recapture studies with 1700 to 4000 marked weevils at two orchard sites in Switzerland over 2 years to characterise the spatial and temporal pattern of the dispersal process. The dispersal and colonisation of orchards in spring by overwintered weevils is dependent upon the prevailing temperature. An orientated dispersal from the forest border to the centre of the orchard was observed consistently, irrespective of the angle of the apple tree rows with respect to the forest border or of climatic conditions. The average dispersal distance of the weevils was 19 m. Approximately one third of the weevil population remained on the first tree encountered, the remainder of the population moved over short distances mainly along the tree rows. This dispersal pattern led to a strong ‘edge effect’ with higher numbers of weevils occurring at the edges adjoining the forests as compared to the centre of orchards. The relevance of these findings to population dynamics and management of the pest is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003844902445
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sequential sampling for adult coccinellids in wheat (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 84 (1997), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Insecta ; Coleoptera ; Coccinellidae ; population density ; timed counts ; quadrat sampling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Adult aphidophagous coccinellids are important predators of cereal aphids in wheat in the Great Plains of the United States for which sampling methods are needed to facilitate improved management. An equation relating the mean number of adult coccinellids per m2 in a wheat field to its variance was obtained using Taylor's power law. A sequential sampling procedure was developed to estimate the number of adult coccinellids per m2 with constant average statistical precision (standard error/mean). The procedure was constructed by an equation relating the number of adult coccinellids per m2 to the number of adult coccinellids per minute of counting incorporating into the Taylor's power law relationship. The procedure involves conducting a series of 1-min counts while walking through a field at a constant velocity of 10 m per minute. After each 1-min count sequential sampling stop-lines are consulted to determine if the specified level of precision has been achieved. Two methods, a statistical procedure and comparison with independent data, were used to assess the consistency with which the specified level of precision was achieved by the procedure. Results indicated that observed precision was close to that specified by the user over a wide range of adult coccinellid density.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003088216558
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spring behavioral patterns of the apple blossom weevil (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 79 (1996), S. 9-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Anthonomus pomorum ; temperature ; diel cycle ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Individual pairs of overwintered adult apple blossom weevils, Anthonomus pomorum (L.), confined with apple twigs under different ambient temperatures in the laboratory and on apple trees in the field, were observed through day and night for their spring activities. Flight behavior in relation to ambient temperature was also investigated under laboratory conditions using flight stands. Both sexes displayed predominantly nocturnal behavior patterns in both the laboratory and the field. Feeding, crawling, and mating activities increased following sunset in the field or onset of scotophase in the laboratory while resting occurred most frequently during daylight hours. Results of the laboratory experiments showed that temperature affected significantly the activity patterns. The diel pattern of activities became less distinctive at higher temperatures (above 15°C), and total activities in crawling, feeding, and mating were suppressed significantly at lower temperatures (below 5°C). Over 97% of the test weevils initiated take-off response from flight stands at 20°C within the 30 min trial period; however, flight initiation rarely occurred at temperatures 12°C or below. Overall, results of the laboratory and field experiments indicate that A. pomorum is a remarkably cold-adapted insect with ability to crawl, feed, and mate at a few degrees above freezing, a physiological attribute necessary for the exploitation of early stages of apple bud development in the cold early spring.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333816
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Treatment of adult Coleoptera with a chitin synthesis inhibitor affects mortality and development time of their progeny (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 88 (1998), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): insecticide ; chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) ; chlorfluazuron ; insect growth regulators (IGRs) ; bioassays ; Sitophilus oryzae ; Rhyzopertha dominica ; Coleoptera ; stored grain pests
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A group of insect growth regulators, the chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs), are being more widely used as many insects have become resistant to broad-spectrum insecticides. This study investigated the mode of action of one CSI, particularly looking at the delayed effect of treating adult insects on the survival and development of their progeny. The study describes the responses of adult stored grain beetles Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Bostrichidae) to wheat treated with chlorfluazuron. For both species, wheat treated with chlorfluazuron reduced progeny survival at a constant rate from 1 day to 8 weeks after it had been treated. There was a direct, negative concentration-time relationship between the treatment of the adults with chlorfluazuron-treated wheat and the survival and developmental rate of their progeny. Adults that were pre-exposed for one or more weeks before oviposition to wheat treated with chlorfluazuron had significantly lower progeny survival than adults that were not pre-exposed. The EC95 values were 16-fold higher for R. dominica and 40-fold higher for S. oryzae from assays without pre-exposure, than with pre-exposure. Pre-exposure of R. dominica with 0.1 mg kg-1 and of S. oryzae with 0.4 mg kg-1 of chlorfluazuron reduced progeny survival by 95%. Higher concentrations of chlorfluazuron produced a reduction in mean population developmental time of several days. These findings have important implications for bioassays of CSIs, since pre-exposure of the adults can significantly reduce the numbers of F1 progeny. Therefore standard bioassays may seriously underestimate the efficacy of the CSI being assayed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003274123052
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interaction of treatment of both adult and immature Coleoptera with a chitin synthesis inhibitor affects mortality and development time of their progeny (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 89 (1998), S. 125-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): insecticide ; chitin synthesis inhibitors ; CSIs ; chlorfluazuron ; insect growth regulators (IGRs) ; bioassay ; pre-exposure ; Sitophilus oryzae ; Rhyzopertha dominica ; Coleoptera ; stored grain insect pests ; development time
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Chitin synthesis inhibitors, like many other insect growth regulating insecticides, do not kill adult insects but cause mortality of the immature stages. Pre-exposure of adult stored grain Coleoptera, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Curculionidae) and development of their progeny in grain treated with the chitin synthesis inhibitor, chlorfluazuron, influenced the mortality and development rate of the progeny. Hatch rate of eggs from R. dominica adults that had both developed and laid on wheat treated with 0.75 mg kg−1 chlorfluazuron was reduced by almost 50% compared with untreated eggs, with an LC50 of 0.84 mg kg−1 . Eggs laid on treated wheat by R. dominica adults that had been exposed only to treated wheat for 2 weeks before oviposition showed greater reduction in hatch: 75% reduction of normal hatch rate at 0.25 mg kg−1 and almost 100% reduction at 2 mg kg−1 chlorfluazuron, with an LC50 of 0.19 mg kg−1 chlorfluazuron. X-rays were used to monitor the development and mortality of the immature stages of S. oryzae that developed within the wheat grains. Numbers of eggs laid were not affected by chlorfluazuron treatment. The combination of pre-exposure of adults and chlorfluazuron concentration had an additive effect on mortality of immature S. oryzae. Pre-exposure of adults caused most mortality in the first three weeks of development (eggs and larvae), whereas development in treated wheat caused mortality from weeks 3 to 8 (pupae and adults); higher concentrations of chlorfluazuron caused higher mortality. Development in wheat treated with 1 mg kg−1 chlorfluazuron caused 12% corrected overall mortality of progeny while pre-exposure to the same concentration and development in untreated wheat caused 29% corrected mortality. Pre-exposure combined with development in wheat treated with 1 mg kg−1 caused 30% corrected mortality. Thus, pre-exposure of adults appears to have a greater effect on mortality of S. oryzae progeny than development of immature stages in treated grain. Development on treated grain had no effect on development rate. Pre-exposure of adults did not appear to affect the rate of immature development, as assessed by X-rays, but did slow the emergence of adults, lengthening development time by about 2 days. This significant, additive effect of pre-exposure of adults on the mortality of their progeny will enhance the toxicity of chitin synthesis inhibitors such as chlorfluazuron, since most adults receive treatment when the immature stages are treated in crops either before they are harvested or in storage. Assessing the proportion of eggs that hatch from pre-exposed adults would be a simpler bioassay for CSIs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003487725701
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Snowdrop and wheatgerm lectins and avidin as antimetabolites for the control of sugarcane whitegrubs (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 409-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; Antitrogus consanguineus ; Antitrogus parvulus ; avidin ; snowdrop lectin ; wheatgerm lectin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Snowdrop and wheatgerm lectins were found to be insecticidal and growth inhibiting dietary proteins for larvae of the sugarcane whitegrub Antitrogus parvulus. At concentrations as low as 0.5 mg of snowdrop lectin per gram of semi-artificial diet, growth was inhibited by 21 days of feeding and significant mortality was apparent by 28 days. Wheatgerm lectin was active at similar concentrations, although expression of the effects was slower. Avidin was found to be a growth inhibiting dietary protein for larvae of Antitrogus consanguineus. At levels as low as 0.01 mg g-1 of diet, growth was inhibited by 28 days of feeding. Avidin caused no significant mortality after 35 days of feeding. Snowdrop and wheatgerm lectins and avidin are insect growth-inhibiting proteins whose genes potentially could be manipulated into sugarcane and improve host-plant resistance to whitegrubs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188033
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Response of first-instar Aleochara bilineata larvae to the puparium morphology of its dipteran host (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 87 (1998), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): cabbage maggot ; Delia radicum ; Aleochara bilineata ; entrance hole distribution ; preference ; external puparium relief ; incidental protection ; host vulnerability ; Coleoptera ; Staphylinidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003145304139
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assembly Coplanner: co-operative assembly planner based on subassembly extraction (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 4 (1993), S. 183-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Schlagwort(e): Assembly planning ; subassembly ; liaison graph ; geometric reasoning ; assembly cost ; stability ; partial-order graph
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: The distribution of assembly workstations enables assembly operations to be done in parallel, while the multiple routing of parts in flexible assembly systems allows the opportunistic scheduling of assembly operations. This paper presents an assembly planning system, called the Assembly Coplanner, which automatically constructs an assembly partial order and generates a set of assembly instructions from a liaison graph representation of an assembly based on the extraction of preferred subassemblies. Assembly planning in Coplanner is carried out by the co-operation of multiple planning agents, such as the geometric reasoner, the physical reasoner, the resource manager and the plan coordinator, under the constraints of finding a cost-effective assembly plan in a flexible assembly system. The Coplanner identifies spatial parallelism in assembly as a means of constructing temporal parallelism among assembly operations. This is achieved in the following way: (1) the selection of a set of tentative subassemblies by decomposing a liaison graph into a set of subgraphs based on feasibility and difficulty of disassembly; (2) the evaluation of each of the tentative subassemblies in terms of assembly cost represented by subassembly selection indices; and (3) the construction of a hierarchical partial order graph (HPOG) as an assembly plan. A case study applying the Coplanner to a mechanical assembly is illustrated in this paper.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00123963
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Flash behavior of femalePhoturis versicolor fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in simulated courtship and predatory dialogues (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 843-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): firefly ; entrainment ; insect communication ; Coleoptera ; aggressive mimicry ; bioluminescence ; Lampyridae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract FemalePhoturis versicolor fireflies attempt to capture males by responding to heterospecific flash patterns. A mating-dependent switch occurs which affects response timing and frequency of female flashes. We examined the switch using females of known age, mating status, and flash experience to assess how accurate mimicry is, what factors influence it, and what mechanism produces it. Presentations of simulated male flash patterns before and after mating revealed elements of an entrainment mechanism controlling female responsiveness. Unmated females preferentially answered conspecific patterns with variable latencies, averaging 1 s. Mating induced changes in both response frequency and response latency: Females answered heterospecific patterns more frequently, and latencies elicited by conspecific patterns shifted away from the unmated range. Heterogeneity in mean and variance of response latency among individuals indicates that females do not share a discrete reply to a given pattern. Little correspondence exists between latencies of sympatric species andP. versicolor females, suggesting that the flash response mechanism produces entriainment to any rhythmic pattern, not a one-to-one matching between prey and predator latencies. Different selective scenarios underlie strict mimicry versus entrainment mimicry.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997130
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemiluminescence in evaluating the thermal oxidative stability of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers. II. ABS/polycarbonate (PC) blends (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 1 (1993), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Schlagwort(e): Chemiluminescence ; oxidation ; stability ; acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) ; ABS/polycarbonate blend
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The thermal oxidative stability of various ABS/PC compounds was studied by means of the chemiluminescence technique. Similarly to pure ABS, Irganox 1076 and Irganox MD 1024 perform as moderate antioxidants in ABS/PC and (ABS/PC + lubricant) blends. Neither Tinuvin 144, Irgaphos 168, nor their mixture affects the durability of the ABS/PC blend. At the same time, (Irgaphos 168 + Tinuvin 144) in combination with Irganoxes was found to provide a noticeable enhancement in durability to the (ABS/PC + lubricant) system. Titanium dioxide pigments by themselves have only a slight influence on the oxidative stability of the ABS/PC blend. Durability of the (ABS/PC + pigment) and (ABS/PC + lubricant) systems was found to be the same and the overall protective effect of Irganox 1076 was similar in both the (ABS/PC + lubricant) and the (ABS/PC + lubricant + pigment) systems. Certain modifiers significantly improve the durability of the ABS/PC compounds, although their function may differ in the systems with and without pigments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01458294
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Flight activity ofProstephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in relation to population density, resource quality, age, and sex (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 9 (1996), S. 339-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Prostephanus truncatus ; larger grain borer ; Coleoptera ; Bostrichidae ; flight ; stored product insect
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Higher flight activity has been observed in aged, high-density cultures ofProstephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), but adults in new, lowdensity culture jars showed less flight activity. In order to understand this change in behavior, the effects of population density, age, resource quality, and sex on the flight ofP. truncatus were studied in a wind tunnel. While an immediate density on the release platform had no significant effect on flight, beetles from high-density cultures were more inclined to fly than those from low-density cultures. Resource quality exerted a major influence on flight; insects in food suitable for boring and oviposition seldomly exhibited flight, however, when food was absent or of inferior quality for boring and oviposition, the dominant behavior was flight. Also, insects maintained for a week in food suitable for boring and oviposition were less ready to fly than those maintained in food unsuitable for boring and oviposition. The optimum age range for flight activity was before the peak of reproduction and insects rarely flew before 4 days or after 32 days of emergence. There were no significant differences between the flight activity of males and that of females. Based on these results, we conclude that age and resource quality are major influences on the flight activity ofP. truncatus and a hypothesis is proposed in which reproductively active male and female beetles disperse from habitats of low resource quality to those that support their reproductive behavior. The practical implications of these results and the possible role of the male-produced aggregation pheromone are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02213876
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemiluminescence in evaluating the thermal oxidative stability of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers. 1. Influence of stabilizers and lubricants (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 1 (1993), S. 107-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Schlagwort(e): Chemiluminescence ; oxidation ; stability ; acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of lubricants, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, and metal deactivators on the resistance of ABS to thermal oxidation was studied by means of the chemiluminescence technique. Neither of the additives seems to affect significantly the induction period of oxidation. At the same time, the influence of various additives on the oxidation rate constant is remarkably different: the introduction of lubricants and UV stabilizers increases its value, while antioxidants and metal deactivators have the opposite effect. For the particular systems studied durability is decreased in samples containing the lubricant and UV stabilizers and increased in samples stabilized with the antioxidant and metal deactivator.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01418203
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Emergence, Mating, and Postmating Behaviors of the Oriental Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 12 (1999), S. 175-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; oriental beetle ; Exomala orientalis ; sustained-flight tunnel ; sex pheromone ; (Z)- and (E)-7-tetradecen-2-one ; mating behavior ; mate guarding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In a previous field-trapping study of the oriental beetle, Exomala orientalis (Waterhouse), by using synthetic sex pheromone on golf course fairways, numerous males were observed and trapped during the hours of peak mating activity. However, very few beetles were observed in the same areas when synthetic pheromone was absent. To investigate the hypothesis that mating in nature occurs cryptically within vegetation at the soil surface, laboratory studies on female emergence and pheromone release, male emergence and mate-locating, and female and male mating behaviors were conducted. Mate acquisition and copulation occurred on the soil surface near the female emergence site, with both sexes engaging in pheromone-mediated behaviors after having emerged from the soil. A highly stereotyped female pheromone release, or calling, behavior was observed, consisting of insertion of the female's head into the soil and elevation of the tip of her abdomen into the air. Bioassays conducted in a wind tunnel that simulated a turf fairway environment showed that walking and flying were both important in the upwind response of males to females. Mating and copulation occurred without an obvious complex courtship, but observations of postmating behaviors suggested that mate guarding occurs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020910732029
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Capillary electrophoresis to analyze water-soluble oligo(hydroxyacids) issued from degraded or biodegraded aliphatic polyesters (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 4 (1996), S. 135-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary zone electrophoresis ; oligomers ; lactic acid ; glycolic acid ; 3-hydroxybutyric acid ; water solubility ; stability ; degradation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract In an attempt to increase the range of analytical techniques able to monitor ultimate degradation stages of degradable, biodegradable, and bioresorbable polymers, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was used to analyze tentatively oligomers formed during thermal condensation of lactic, glycolic, anddl-3-hydroxybutyric acids. The influence of the buffer and of capillary coating are discussed in terms of electroosmotic flow. Typical analyses were first performed using a 0.1M borate buffer (pH 8.9) with anodic injection. In the case of lactic acid, seven peaks were well separated, while only three peaks were observed for glycolic acid. A more complex situation was found fordl-3-hydroxybutyric acid oligomers. The first five peaks were split. The major component of each doublet was attributed to hydroxy-terminated oligomers, whereas the satellite peaks were assigned to oligomers bearing a C=C double bond at the noncarboxylic terminus. CZE of pH-sensitive lactic acid oligomers was also performed in 0.05M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) with cathodic injection after physical coating of the fused-silica capillary with DEAE-Dextran. The buffer-soluble fraction present in lactic acid oligomers was extracted from a dichloromethane solution. Extracts issued from different batches of lactic acid condensates gave a constant water-solubility pattern whose cutoff was at the level of the decamer. CZE was also used to monitor thein vitro aging of aqueous solutions of these water-soluble oligomers. The lactyllactic acid dimer appeared more stable than higher oligomers, thus showing that ultimate stages of the degradation did not proceed at random. These physicochemical characteristics were used to complement the degradation pathway based on diffusion of oligomers duringin vitro aging of large size lactic acid plates made by compression molding. CZE data showed that lactic acid was the only component which was released in the aqueous medium during degradation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02067448
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phthalocyanine-containing polymers (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 2 (1992), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Schlagwort(e): Phthalocyanines ; polymers ; siloxanes ; conductivity ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The author's work on the incorporation of phthalocyanines into inorganic polymers is reviewed. The synthesis of poly(siloxane phthalocyanines) and the synthesis and characterization of fluoro(phthalocyanine) Group III compounds and their conducting derivatives are described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696537
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Responses of male green June beetlesCotinis nitida (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to female volatiles in a flight tunnel (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; Cotinis nitida (L.) ; beetle flight ; pheromone bioassay
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01417918
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemiluminescence in evaluating thermal oxidative stability of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers. III. Emulsion-grade products (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 3 (1995), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Schlagwort(e): Chemiluminescence ; oxidation ; stability ; acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The thermal oxidative stability of various formulations based on emulsion-grade ABS was studied by the chemiluminescence technique. Emulsion products were found to be essentially less stable than ionic mass polymerization resins. Among the antioxidants studied, Santonox R is clearly more efficient than Irganox 1076 and Irganox 3114, and its superiority is reflected primarily in improved induction period values. The introduction of Tinuvin 770 and Tinuvin 328 UV stabilizers into emulsion resins does not change the durability of the products. In mixtures where both Irganox 1076 and UV stabilizers are present, a certain antagonistic effect was noted at high UV stabilizer concentrations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02068674
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analytical relationships between the ionization of 1,3-dicarbonylic ligands and stability of their Cr(III), Ni(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) 1∶1 chelates (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 21 (1992), S. 1145-1152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Chromium(III) ; β-diketones ; β-diketonates ; chelation ; complexation ; correlation ; stability ; equilibrium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract It has been demonstrated that the logarithm of the stability constant of some monochelated chromium(III) compounds, with structurally similar 1,3-dicarbonylic species, is linearly related to the negative logarithm of the acid ionization constant of the ligand. Graphical and analytical correlations which could be useful in predicting equilibrium constants of chromium(III)-β-diketonates, as well as other first-row transition metal derivatives, have been developed. A quantitative evaluation of the complexes stability has been carried out, providing information about the effects of ligand substituents on the equilibrium constants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00651860
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of washing and of heat-treatment conditions on the thermal stability of VPI-5 (1991)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 10 (1991), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Schlagwort(e): VPI-5 ; stability ; molecular sieve ; post-synthesis treatments
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Thorough washing of a VPI-5 synthesized with n-dipropylamine as template improves greatly its thermal stability while no major change is observed in the template content. A detailed study of the influence of the pretreatment conditions shows that in order to obtain a high thermal stability (up to at least 960 °C) two parameters are of importance. The removal of both the template and the adsorbed water requires either a low heating rate at atmospheric pressure or a low pressure (less than 3 Torr) when the heating rate is 300 ° per hour.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00772075
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The stability of 12-molybdosilicic, 12-tungstosilicic, 12-molybdophosphoric and 12-tungstophosphoric acids in aqueous solution at various pH (1995)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 34 (1995), S. 237-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Schlagwort(e): metal-oxygen cluster compounds ; heteropoly acids ; stability ; pH ; aqueous solutions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The stabilities of the solid superacids H3Mo12O40, H3PW12O40, H4SiMo12O40 and H4SiW12O40 in aqueous solution have been measured at various values of pH by use of ion chromatographic analyses. The aforementioned acids are completely decomposed at values of pH, 4.0, 5.2, 7.0 and 11.0, respectively. The stabilities in aqueous solution with respect to pH follow the order H4SiW12O40 〉 H3PW12O40 〉 H4SiMo12O40 〉 H3PMo12O40.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00808338
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stability and Instability of Fourth-Order Solitary Waves (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of dynamics and differential equations 10 (1998), S. 151-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9222
    Schlagwort(e): Fourth-order solitary waves ; stability ; instability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We study ground-state traveling wave solutions of a fourth-order wave equation. We find conditions on the speed of the waves which imply stability and instability of the solitary waves. The analysis depends on the variational characterization of the ground states rather than information about the linearized operator.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022644629950
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Linear stability of relative equilibria with a dominant mass (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of dynamics and differential equations 6 (1994), S. 37-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9222
    Schlagwort(e): Celestial mechanics ; relative equilibria ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A criterion for the linear stability of relative equilibria of the Newtoniann-body problem is found in the case whenn−1 of the masses are small. Several stable periodic orbits of the problem are presented as examples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02219187
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interval stability and interval covering property in finite posets (1992)
    Springer
    Order 9 (1992), S. 163-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9273
    Schlagwort(e): Primary 06A07 ; secondary 05C70 ; Partial order ; interval ; stability ; covering ; Sperner property ; symmetric chains ; NP-completeness
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Given a finite ranked posetP, let α(P) be the maximum size of a subset ofP such that no two elements of it belong simultaneously to some interval ofP and let ϱ(P) be the minimum number of intervals covering all elements ofP. We say thatP has the strong interval stability property (resp. the strong interval covering property) if for each subposetP′ induced by consecutive levels ofP, i.e.,P′=P (l)∪...∪P (u), one has α(P′)=max{|P (l)|, |P (u)|} (resp. ϱ(P′)=max{|P (l)|, |P (u)|}). We prove these properties for several classes of posets and discuss some general facts concerning the numbers α(P) and ϱ(P), e.g., NP-completeness and min-max relations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00814408
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stability of Semilinear Delay Equations with Positive Solutions (1997)
    Springer
    Positivity 1 (1997), S. 319-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9281
    Schlagwort(e): delay equations ; stability ; positive solutions ; spectral growth condition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We prove stability for a semilinear delay equation, whose nonlinearity is majorized by a linear positive operator. The key ingredients are a spectral condition, positivity of solutions to the linear problem, and lattice properties of the Banach space.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009725823213
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some Results on Stability of Retarded Functional Differential Equations Using Dichotomic Map Techniques (1998)
    Springer
    Positivity 2 (1998), S. 229-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9281
    Schlagwort(e): asymptotic stability ; dichotomic maps ; retarded functional differential equation ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper deals with the study of the stability of nonautonomous retarded functional differential equations using the theory of dichotomic maps. After some preliminaries, we prove the theorems on simple and asymptotic stability. Some examples are given to illustrate the application of the method. Main results about asymptotic stability of the equation $$x'(t) = - b(t)x(t - r)$$ and of itsnonlinear generalization $$x'(t) = b(t)f(x(t - r))$$ are established.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009742807025
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stationary waiting time derivatives (1992)
    Springer
    Queueing systems 12 (1992), S. 369-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Schlagwort(e): Perturbation analysis ; stability ; stochastic difference equations ; simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract We investigate the stability of waiting-time derivatives when inputs to a queueing system-service times and interarrival times-depend on a parameter. We give conditions under which the sequence of waiting-time derivatives admits a stationary distribution, and under which the derivatives converge to the stationary regime from all initial conditions. Further hypotheses ensure that the expectation of a stationary waiting-time derivative is, in fact, the derivative of the expected stationary waiting time. This validates the use of simulation-based infinitesimal perturbation analysis estimates with a variety of queueing processes. We examine waiting-time sequences satisfying recursive equations. Our basic assumption is that the input and its derivatives are stationary and ergodic. Under monotonicity conditions, the method of Loynes establishes the convergence of the derivatives. Even without such conditions, the derivatives obey a linear difference equation with random coefficients, and we exploit this fact to find stability conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01158809
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Re-entrant lines (1993)
    Springer
    Queueing systems 13 (1993), S. 87-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Schlagwort(e): Manufacturing systems ; semiconductor manufacturing ; thin film lines ; re-entrant lines ; scheduling policies ; queueing networks ; buffer priority policies ; due date policies ; stability ; stochastic control ; mean delay ; variance of delay ; machine failures ; set-up times
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Traditionally, manufacturing systems have mainly been treated as either job shops or flow shops. In job shops, parts may arrive with random routes, with each route having a low volume. In flow shops, the routes are fixed and acyclic, as in assembly lines. With the advent of semiconductor manufacturing plants, and more recently, thin film lines, this dichotomy needs to be expanded to consider another class of systems, which we call “re-entrant lines”. The distinguishing feature of these manufacturing systems is that parts visit some machines more than once at different stages of processing. Scheduling problems arise because several parts at different stages of processing may be in contention with each other for service at the same machine. There may be uncertainties in the form of random service or set-up times, as well as random machine failures and repairs. The goal of scheduling is to improve performance measures such as mean sojourn time in the system, which is also known as the mean “cycle-time”, or the variance of the cycle-time. In this paper we provide a tutorial account of some recent results in this field. We describe several scheduling policies of interest, and provide some results concerning their stability and performance. Several open problems are suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01158930
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On pathwise behavior of multiserver queues (1994)
    Springer
    Queueing systems 15 (1994), S. 279-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Schlagwort(e): Sample-path ; point processes ; workload ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, by exploiting recent results on the pathwise behavior of the workload process in single server, work conserving queues of theG/G/1/∞ type, we show that the workload of multiserver, work conserving queues ofG/G/m/∞ (m〈∞) (andG/G/∞) queues satisfies an o(t) growth condition, provided that the time average of the work brought into the system is less thanm form 〈 ∞ (and finite form=∞).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189241
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stability of non-Markovian polling systems (1995)
    Springer
    Queueing systems 21 (1995), S. 67-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Schlagwort(e): Polling systems ; stability ; stationary regime
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract A stationary regime for polling systems with general ergodic (G/G) arrival processes at each station is constructed. Mutual independence of the arrival processes is not required. It is shown that the stationary workload so constructed is minimal in the stochastic ordering sense. In the model considered the server switches from station to station in a Markovian fashion, and a specific service policy is applied to each queue. Our hypotheses cover the purely gated, thea-limited, the binomial-gated and other policies. As a by-product we obtain sufficient conditions for the stationary regime of aG/G/1/∞ queue with multiple server vacations (see Doshi [11]) to be ergodic.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01158575
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pathwise rate- stability for input-output processes (1996)
    Springer
    Queueing systems 22 (1996), S. 47-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Schlagwort(e): Sample-path analysis ; stability ; rate stability ; ω-rate stability ; input-output process ; queueing ; infinite-server queues
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract An input-output processZ = {Z(t), t ⩾ 0} is said to beω-rate stable ifZ(t) = o(ω(t)) for some non-negative functionω(t). We prove that the processZ is ω-rate stable under weak conditions that include the assumption that input satisfies a linear burstiness condition and Z is asymptotically average stable. In many cases of interest, the conditions forω-rate-stability can be verified from input data. For example, using input information, we establishω-rate stability of the workload for multiserver queues, an ATM multiplexer, andω-rate stability of queue-length processes for infinite server queues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01159392
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On Whitt's conjecture for queues in which service times and interarrival times depend linearly and randomly upon waiting times (1996)
    Springer
    Queueing systems 22 (1996), S. 345-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Schlagwort(e): State-dependent service and interarrival times ; Lindley equation ; recursive stochastic equations ; stability ; normal approximations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract We consider a modification of the standardG/G/1 queueing system with infinite waiting space and the first-in-first-out discipline in which the service times and interarrival times depend linearly and randomly on the waiting times. In this model the waiting times satisfy a modified version of the classical Lindley recursion. When the waiting-time distributions converge to a proper limit, Whitt [10] proposed a normal approximation for this steady-state limit. In this paper we prove a limit theorem for the steady-state limit of the system. Thus, our result provides a solid foundation for Whitt's normal approximation of the steady-state distribution of the system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01149178
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the stability of a partially accessible multi‐station queue with state‐dependent routing (1998)
    Springer
    Queueing systems 29 (1998), S. 55-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Schlagwort(e): multi‐server queue ; customer class ; state‐dependent routing ; stability ; Markov chain ; fluid limit
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract We consider a multi‐station queue with a multi‐class input process when any station is available for the service of only some (not all) customer classes. Upon arrival, any customer may choose one of its accessible stations according to some state‐dependent policy. We obtain simple stability criteria for this model in two particular cases when service rates are either station‐ or class‐independent. Then, we study a two‐station queue under general assumptions on service rates. Our proofs are based on the fluid approximation approach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019175812444
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A stability criterion via fluid limits and its application to a polling system (1999)
    Springer
    Queueing systems 32 (1999), S. 131-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Schlagwort(e): stability ; positive recurrence ; fluid limit ; polling system ; exhaustive service policy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract We introduce a generalized criterion for the stability of Markovian queueing systems in terms of stochastic fluid limits. We consider an example in which this criterion may be applied: a polling system with two stations and two heterogeneous servers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019187004209
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stability and continuity of polling systems (1994)
    Springer
    Queueing systems 16 (1994), S. 115-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Schlagwort(e): Polling systems ; stability ; stochastic continuity ; general arrival process ; functional limit theorems.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract The stability of a polling system with exhaustive service and a finite number of users, each with infinite buffers is considered. The arrival process is more general than a Poisson process and the system is not slotted. Stochastic continuity of the stationary distributions, rates of convergence and functional limit theorems for the queue length and waiting time processes have also been proved. The results extend to the gated service discipline.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01158952
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