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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Climate change and insect pests (2015)
    Wallingford [u.a.] : CAB International
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK N 076-16-89478
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 279 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781780643786 (hbk : alk. paper)
    Series Statement: CABI climate change series 7
    Language: English
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated CO2 alters birch resistance to Lagomorpha herbivores (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: We studied the three-way interaction of elevated CO2, nitrogen (N), and temperature (T), and the two-way interaction of elevated CO2 and early-season defoliation on the secondary chemistry and resistance of Eurasian silver birch (Betula pendula) and North American paper birch (B. papyrifera) against the Eurasian hare (Lepus timidus) and the North American eastern cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), respectively. Elevated CO2 decreased the palatability of winter-dormant silver and paper birch stems to both hares and rabbits, respectively. But the effect on hares was only apparent at intermediate levels of N fertilization. Elevated T had no effect on palatability. The effects of elevated CO2, N, and T on levels of silver birch bark phenolics and terpenoids were dominated by two-way interactions between N and CO2, and N and T. Generally, however, N amendments elicited a parabolic response in carbon partitioning to most biosynthetic classes of silver birch phenolics (i.e. highest concentrations occurring at intermediate N). CO2 elevation was most enhancing at highest levels of N. On the other hand, T increases, more often than not, elicited reductions in phenolics, but especially so at the highest N level. In the case of B. papyrifera, elevated CO2 increased carbon partitioning to Folin-Denis stem and branch phenolics and condensed tannins. Early-season defoliation, on the other hand, had no effect on phenolics and tannins but lowered both N and energy levels of branches. Elevated CO2 substantially ameliorated the negative effects of severe defoliation on tree growth. These results support the hypothesis that continuing anthropogenic alterations of the atmosphere may trigger significant changes in plant phenotypic resistance to mammalian herbivores owing to an increasing net carbon balance between the highly vagile supply and demand capacities of plant carbon sources and sinks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00808.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    River dynamics and the diversity of Amazon lowland forest (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 322 (1986), S. 254-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The degree of forest disturbance caused by river-channel erosion was studied in 〉0.5 x 106 km2 of the Peruvian Amazon by using analyses of Landsat MSS (multi-spectral scanner) images (visual analysis). The disturbance is caused by the lateral erosion and channel changes of the meandering and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/322254a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delayed induced resistance and increase in leaf fluctuating asymmetry as responses of Salix borealis to insect herbivory (1997)
    Springer
    Oecologia 109 (1997), S. 368-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Fluctuating asymmetry  ;  Salix borealis  ;  Melasoma lapponica  ;  Induced resistance  ;  Performance.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An outbreak of leaf beetle Melasoma lapponica in two localities around the Severonikel smelter in Kola Peninsula, north-west Russia, resulted in severe defoliation of Salix borealis, observed for the first time in August 1993 and then again in 1994 and 1995. Before the first severe defoliation, in July 1993, performance of M. lapponica larvae in plots with a high beetle density was either better or the same as in low-density plots. However, in 1994 and 1995, the years following severe willow defoliation in high-density plots,  M. lapponica performance (in terms of survival, developmental time and beetle weight) decreased with increasing beetle density. Retarded larval growth in high-density plots was related to a decreased consumption rate, whereas the efficiency of the conversion of ingested food was similar in high- and low-density plots. These results indicate that defoliation triggered delayed induced resistance in S. borealis. Leaf fluctuating asymmetry (FA, a non-specific stress indicator) of this willow species in 1992 was similar in low- and high-density plots, but it increased in high-density plots in 1994, at the same time that detrimental effects on beetle performance were recorded at these sites. Plot-specific indices of beetle performance and FA were negatively correlated both in 1994 and 1995, suggesting that plants stressed by defoliation the previous-year were less favourable for leaf beetles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050095
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species richness of Macrolepidoptera on Finnish deciduous trees and shrubs (1981)
    Springer
    Oecologia 51 (1981), S. 364-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Species richness of Macrolepidoptera on Finnish trees and shrubs was analysed by means of stepwise regression analysis. The explaining variables were plant frequency, geographical range, plant height, number of relatives and leaf size. Total frequency of the host plant, which correlated strongly with range, explained 57% of the observed variance of lepidopteran species richness on deciduous trees and shrubs. Height of plant and number of relatives explained significantly the residual variation and altogether these three variables explained 71% of the variance of species richness. Analyses at the plant genus level gave similar results and frequency, height and number of relatives explained 78% of the variance of species richness of Macrolepidoptera on deciduous plant genera. When conifers were included in the analysis leaf size also becomes a significant variable. Leaf size can, however, act as a dummy variable which effectively distinguishes conifers from deciduous trees. The validity of different models explaining herbivore species richness on plants is discussed. The results of this study favoured more than earlier studies the importance of relatedness of host plants as a factor which determines the species richness of herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540907
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient stress: an explanation for plant anti-herbivore responses to defoliation (1984)
    Springer
    Oecologia 61 (1984), S. 208-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A hypothesis is put forward that the long-lasting inducible responses of trees to herbivores, particularly lepidopteran defoliators, may not be active defensive responses, but a by-product of mechanisms which rearrange the plant carbon/nutrient balance in response to nutrient stress caused by defoliation. When defoliation removes the foliage nutrients of trees growing in nutrient-poor soils, it increases nutrient stress wich in turn results in a high production of carbon-based allelochemicals. The excess of carbon that cannot be diverted to growth due to nutrient stress is diverted to the production of plant secondary metabolites. The level of carbon-based secondary substances decays gradually depending on the rate at which nutrient stress is relaxed after defoliation. In nutrient-poor soils and in plant species with slow compensatory nutrient uptake rates the responses induced by defoliation can have relaxation times of several years. The changes in leaf nitrogen and phenolic content of mountain birch support this nutrient stress hypothesis. Defoliation reduces leaf nitrogen content while phenolic content increases. These responses of mountain birch to defoliation are relaxed within 3–4 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396762
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of ants on the survival of mountain birches during an Oporinia autumnata (Lep., Geometridae) outbreak (1980)
    Springer
    Oecologia 47 (1980), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The present study reports the influence of ants on the survival of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) during an Oporinia autumnata (Lep., Geometridae) outbreak. Undamaged “green islands” with a radius of 15–20 m were observed around Formica aquilonia mounds in a defoliated area in Finnish Lapland. The herbivore densities and grazing pressure were shown to be low within this radius. The foraging strategy of ants and their influence on birch growth are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541773
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foliage phenols and nitrogen in relation to growth, insect damage, and ability to recover after defoliation, in the mountain birch Betula pubescens ssp tortuosa (1985)
    Springer
    Oecologia 65 (1985), S. 214-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We studied growth of the mountain birch, and the role of foliage phenols, nitrogen, and variance in the timing of bud burst, as potential defensive characters, in Finnish Lapland in 1975–1979. Annual and local variation both in phenol and nitrogen concentration of foliage were significant. Individual trees retained their position in the foliage and nitrogen distribution of the population in successive years, as well as in the order of leaf flush in spring. Growth of twigs, mature leaf size, and ability of trees to recover in the year following artificial defoliation correlated positively with the sum of degree days in the previous growing season. Foliage nitrogen correlated negatively with foliage phenols in within-site comparisons. Twig growth correlated negatively with foliage phenols, particularly in growing seasons following cool summers, but did not correlate with foliage nitrogen. Birches flushing early did not grow more than birches flushing late. Between-site differences in foliage phenol content were mainly determined by abiotic conditions, like temperature and nutrient availability. In a between-site comparison insect chewing marks in leaves correlated positively with foliage phenols as well as with nitrogen; intensity of invertebrate predation presumably explained variable herbivory between the sites. In a within-site comparison trees with the highest foliage phenol content had few herbivores only at the site with the highest average phenol level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379220
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crowding-triggered phenotypic responses alleviate consequences of crowding inEpirrita autumnata (Lep., Geometridae) (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 75 (1988), S. 549-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Crowding ; Epirrita autumnata ; Group selection ; Population regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary CrowdedEpirrita larvae had shorter larval periods than, and similar pupal masses to, their solitary siblings when reared on low quality diets. When fed on high quality diets, pupal masses of crowded larvae were lower than in singletons, and there was no difference in larval period. Because changes in food availability (absolute shortage, induced resistance in foliage) are caused by high larval densities in the field, crowding-triggered phenotypic changes may helpEpirrita to overcome detrimental consequences of high larval density. Pupal period was longer in crowded larvae than in singletons and crowded adults emerged later than their solitary siblings. Eggs of late emerging moths eclosed late in the ensuing spring, which coincides with delayed leaf flush in the year after defoliation. The reason for the faster growth of crowded individuals on poor diets was higher intake albeit less thorough processing of food in crowded, but not in solitary, larvae. On good diets solitary individuals tended to consume more than crowded larvae but there was no difference in processing. Predicted differences of host plant use between stealthy and opportunistic types of herbivores (sensu Rhoades 1985) were generally found between solitary and aggregated larvae on poor but not on good diets. The group response could not be explained by benefits to the group although the assumptions of Wilson's model of group selection were satisfied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00776419
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cocoon predation on diprionid sawflies: the effect of forest fertility (1998)
    Springer
    Oecologia 116 (1998), S. 482-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Predation ; Forest site ; Diprion ; Neodiprion ; Fertilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Predation by small mammals is thought to be one of the main regulators of outbreaking sawfly species. It has been suggested that predation may be lower in poor and dryish forests, and this is the reason why outbreaks often begin from this type of environment. We studied experimentally how fertility of the forest site affects cocoon predation experienced by two sawfly species, the common pine sawfly Diprion pini (Linnaeus) and the European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy). We applied a fertilization treatment to selected pine-dominated barren forest sites in Finland, and 2–4 years later monitored predation on the sawfly cocoons in fertilized and control areas. The results did not support the idea that forest fertility was related to cocoon predation. We also could not verify that small mammal abundance was related to fertility of the forest. The most obvious pattern we observed was that the two sawfly species differed dramatically in predation experienced. N. sertifer has its cocoon phase in mid-summer and experienced only moderate predation (37%) whereas D. pini, with its cocoon phase in autumn, suffered from very heavy predation (96%). Our observations suggest that if predation is important in controlling the population dynamics of the species, its impact depends more on the sawfly species and season than on the fertility of the forest site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050613
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