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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host plant selection of monophagous and oligophagous flea beetles feeding on crucifers (1978)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 24 (1978), S. 562-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a évalué par des tests utilisant des disques de feuilles les réactions alimentaires de deux espèces oligophages,Phyllotreta nemorum etP. undulata, et de deux espèces monophages,P. armoraciae se nourrissant de raifort,Armoracia rusticana, etP. tetrastigma, se nourrissant de cressonnette,Cardamine amara. Toutes ces espèces s'alimentent uniquement sur des plantes contenant des glucosinolates. On a préparé des extraits d'un certain nombre de ces plantes pour déterminer s'ils avaient un effet inhibiteur de l'alimentation. Il y a une bonne corrélation négative entre l'acceptabilité de la plante et l'effet inhibiteur de l'alimentation des extraits chezP. nemorum, mais les espèces monophages rejettent certaines plantes qui ne contiennent pas d'inhibiteurs de l'alimentation. Des cucurbitacines provenant d'espèces d'Iberis ont été identifiées comme étant des inhibiteurs alimentaires pourP. nemorum, et des glycosides cardiaques provenant deCheiranthus et d'Erysimum ont un effet semblable surP. undulata etP. tetrastigma. Aussi bien les plantes acceptables que les plantes inacceptables contiennent des glucosinolates fortement stimulateurs pourP. armoraciae etP. nemorum, qui ne peuvent donc reconnaître leur plantehôte uniquement par sa teneur en glucosinolates. Des résultats préliminaires font penser que certains flavonoïdes du radis et du raifort sont des stimulants alimentaires pour ces deux altises.
    Notes: Abstract Feeding responses of two oligophagous species,Phyllotreta nemorum andP. undulata, and two monophagous species,P. armoraciae andP. tetrastigma, feeding on horseradish,Armoracia rusticana, and large bittercress,Cardamine amara, respectively, have been evaluated by means of leaf disc tests. All species feed only on plants containing glucosinolates. Extracts made from a number of such species were tested for feeding inhibitory activity. There is good negative correlation between plant acceptability and feeding inhibitory activity of extracts inP. nemorum, but the monophagous species reject some plants which do not contain feeding inhibitors. Cucurbitacins fromIberis species have been identified as feeding inhibitors toP. nemorum and cardiac glycosides fromCheiranthus andErysimum toP. undulata andP. tetrastigma. Both acceptable and unacceptable plants contain highly stimulatory glucosinolates toP. armoraciae andP. nemorum, and the beetles are not able to recognize their host plants solely by their content of glucosinolates. Preliminary results suggest that certain flavonoids from radish and horseradish are feeding stimulants to the two flea beetle species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02385109
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specificity in the olfactory orientation of the Colorado beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (1977)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 21 (1977), S. 14-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wind induziert positive anemotaktische Reaktionen von frisch geschlüpften, noch nicht gefütterten Weibchen des Kartoffelkäfers. Diese Reaktionen werden verstärkt durch flüchtige Verbindungen verschiedener Solanaceen, nämlich Solanum tuberosum, S. nigrum, S. luteum, S. dulcamara, S. lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum, Capsicum annuum und Petunia hybrida und eine Nichtsolanacee, Tropaeolum majus. Brassica oleracea, B. pekinensis, Raphanus sativus und Phaseolus vulgaris waren in dieser Hinsicht neutral. Ungefütterte Postdiapause-Kartoffelkäfer reagieren ebenfalls auf flüchtige Verbindungen von ungeschädigten, getopften Kartoffelpflanzen. Es wird geschlossen, daß die geruchliche Orientierung den Kartoffelkäfer vorwiegend zu Solanaceen-Arten leitet. Sobald sich ein Kontakt ergibt, werden weitere Schritte in der Wirtspflanzenwahl erfolgen.
    Notes: Abstract Wind induces positive anemotactic responses of unfed newly-emerged female Colorado beetles. These responses are enhanced by the volatiles of several solanaceous species i.e. Solanum tuberosum, S. nigrum, S. luteum, S. dulcamara, S. lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum, Capsicum annuum and Petunia hybrida, and a non-solanaceous species, Tropaeolum majus. Brassica oleracea, B. pekinensis, Raphanus sativus and Phaseolus vulgaris are neutral in this respect. Unfed post-diapause Colorado beetles also react to the vapours of undamaged potted potato plants. It is concluded that the olfactory orientation will mainly lead the Colorado beetle towards solanaceous species. When contact results, further steps in host plant selection will occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300336
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host plant recognition in monophagous weevils: Specialization ofCeutorhynchus inaffectatus to glucosinolates from its host plantHesperis matronalis (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Ceutorhynchus inaffectatus ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Hesperis matronalis ; Dame's violet ; Brassicaceae ; Cruciferae ; glucosinolates ; feeding stimulants ; host plant specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ceutorhynchus inaffectatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae:Ceutorhynchinae) is a monophagous species feeding only onHesperis matronalis L. (Cruciferae) in North-western Europe. Feeding responses of this weevil to five glucosinolates from its host plant were compared with the responses to four glucosinolates from non-host plants. The major glucosinolates in the host plant were isolated and identified: 6-methylsulphinylhexylglucosinolate (glucohesperalin), 3,4-dihydroxybenzylglucosinolate (glucomatronalin), 3-O-apiosylglucomatronalin, a 3,4-dihydroxybenzoylester and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzoylester of 3-O-apiosylglucomatronalin. The three glucosinolates containing apiose were powerful feeding stimulants forC. inaffectatus while the other host plant compounds and allyglucosinolate (sinigrin), 3-methylsulphinylpropylglucosinolate (glucoiberin), benzylglucosinolate (glucotropaeolin) and p-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate (sinalbin) were weaker stimulants. The role of glucosinolates in host plant selection ofC. inaffectatus and related monophagous crucifer feeders is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688993
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  • 4
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    Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Palaeoaplysina build-ups on Svalbard: the influence of climate, salinity and sea-level (2013)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-21
    Description: Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian Palaeoaplysina build-ups on Svalbard developed on a partly restricted marine warm-water carbonate platform at low palaeo-latitudes. The Palaeoaplysina build-ups mostly have a flat-topped tabular geometry, representing the mature stage of build-up growth. With decreasing accommodation space, continued vertical growth was hampered and lateral growth became dominant. The tabular growth form of the build-ups is probably a result of lateral amalgamation of several minor mounds. In central Spitsbergen many of the tabular build-ups form parts of continuous ridges or ring-shaped to polygonal build-up complexes encircling a lagoon. Lateral interfingering between bedded fusulinid dolostones along the build-up margins and barren dolostones further out in the lagoon may indicate increasing salinity from the lagoon margin to the central part. These lateral facies changes are often associated with evaporites (gypsum) and low biodiversity, especially abundant euryhaline fusulinids or even barren beds. On the sea side of the Palaeoaplysina build-ups, the frequent renewal of normal saline seawater allowed the highest biodiversity (e.g. stenohaline crinoids). The uppermost part of some build-ups contain Microcodium , indicating intermittent subaerial exposure and vegetation cover during lowstand, probably caused by eustatic sea-level changes and/or local tectonics. The biota of the build-ups and their lateral sediments is typical for a shallow marine chloroforam association, indicating a tropical climate during deposition.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 5
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    Degradation of phenanthrene-analogue azaarenes by Mycobacterium gilvum strain LB307T under aerobic conditions (2001)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
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    Micronucleus frequency in Danish schoolchildren and their mothers from the DEMOCOPHES population (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: Micronucleus (MN) frequency is a biomarker for early genetic effects which is often used in human biomonitoring studies. Increased frequency of micronuclei has been associated with high levels of traffic exposure. Further high MN frequency was found predictive for cancer development in several studies of adults. In the present study, the MN frequency in blood samples from the Danish participants of the European pilot project DEMOCOPHES was analysed and related to the area of residence, self-reported and calculated exposure to road traffic as well as to mercury in hair and blood concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and dioxin-like activity measured in the same participants. The MN frequency analysis was performed with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay and included 100 children and 119 mothers. We found a significant correlation between mothers and children in the levels of micronuclei in 1000 binucleated T lymphocytes (MNBN) and in the proliferation index. Further the levels of MNBN were significantly higher in mothers compared with their children. No significant associations were found for MNBN for traffic related exposure in neither children nor their mothers. In children, a 2.5 times higher micronuclei in mononuclear T lymphocytes were found in children living within 50 m of a busy road, however, this was not found in mothers or in MNBN and the effect of exposure to road traffic on MN frequency needs further investigation. No significant associations were found between MN frequencies and the other biomarkers measured in the same participants.
    Print ISSN: 0267-8357
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3804
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Mikuláš R. and Dronov A., Palaeoichnology—Introduction to the Study of Trace Fossils, Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Prague, 2006, 122 pp. (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-0301
    Electronic ISSN: 1555-6174
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    Solid particles in the tropical lowest stratosphere (2006)
    Copernicus
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    Publication Date: 2006-09-25
    Description: We report in situ and remote observations proving occasional occurrence of solid particles in the tropical lowest stratosphere, far away from deep convective events. The particles were found during field campaigns in Southeast Brazil (49.03 W 22.36 S). They occur in the altitude range from 17.5 to 20.8 km, at temperatures up to at least 10 K above the expected frost point temperature. While stability of ice particles at these altitudes is unexpected from a theoretical point of view, it is argued that these observations are indications of tropospheric air masses penetrating into the stratosphere during convective overshoots. It is concluded that the intrusion of tropospheric air must have carried a large amount of water with it, which effectively hydrated the lowest stratosphere, and consequently suppressed sublimation. This conclusion is further supported by a separate water vapor mixing ratio profile obtained at the same observation site.
    Electronic ISSN: 1680-7375
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 9
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    Postmillennium changes in stratospheric temperature consistently resolved by GPS radio occultation and AMSU observations (2017)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-27
    Description: Temperature changes in the lower and middle stratosphere during 2001–2016 are evaluated using measurements from GPS Radio Occultation (RO) and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) aboard the Aqua satellite. After downsampling of GPS-RO profiles according to the AMSU weighting functions, the spatially and seasonally resolved trends from the two data sets are in excellent agreement. The observations indicate that the middle stratosphere has cooled in the time period 2002–2016 at an average rate of −0.14 ± 0.12 to −0.36 ± 0.14 K/decade, while no significant change was found in the lower stratosphere. The meridionally and vertically resolved trends from high-resolution GPS-RO data exhibit a marked interhemispheric asymmetry and highlight a distinct boundary between tropospheric and stratospheric temperature change regimes matching the tropical thermal tropopause. The seasonal pattern of trend reveals significant opposite-sign structures at high and low latitudes, providing indication of seasonally varying change in stratospheric circulation. ©2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 10
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    An overview of the HIBISCUS campaign (2011)
    Copernicus
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    Publication Date: 2011-03-15
    Description: The EU HIBISCUS project consisted of a series of field campaigns during the intense convective summers in 2001, 2003 and 2004 in the State of São Paulo in Brazil. Its objective was to investigate the impact of deep convection on the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) and the lower stratosphere by providing a new set of observational data on meteorology, tracers of horizontal and vertical transport, water vapour, clouds, and chemistry in the tropical Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere (UT/LS). This was achieved using short duration research balloons to study local phenomena associated with convection over land, and long-duration balloons circumnavigating the globe to study the contrast between land and oceans. Analyses of observations of short-lived tracers, ozone and ice particles show strong episodic local updraughts of cold air across the lapse rate tropopause up to 18 or 19 km (420–440 K) in the lower stratosphere by overshooting towers. The long duration balloon and satellite measurements reveal a contrast between the composition of the lower stratosphere over land and oceanic areas, suggesting significant global impact of such events. The overshoots are shown to be well captured by non-hydrostatic meso-scale Cloud Resolving Models indicating vertical velocities of 50–60 m s−1 at the top of the Neutral Buoyancy Level (NBL) at around 14 km, but, in contrast, are poorly represented by global Chemistry-Transport Models (CTM) forced by Numerical Weather Forecast Models (NWP) underestimating the overshooting process. Finally, the data collected by the HIBISCUS balloons have allowed a thorough evaluation of temperature NWP analyses and reanalyses, as well as satellite ozone, nitrogen oxide, water vapour and bromine oxide measurements in the tropics.
    Print ISSN: 1680-7316
    Electronic ISSN: 1680-7324
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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