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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selektive Partnerwahl der Aaskrähe (Corvus corone) in der Hybridisierungszone von Rabenkrähe (C. c. corone) und Nebelkrähe (C. c. cornix) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 139 (1998), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Schlagwort(e): mate choice ; taxonomy ; phenotypic hybrids ; fitness ; decision rule
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die als Unterarten klassifizierten europäischen Formen der Aaskrähe, Rabenkrähe und Nebelkrähe, besiedeln verschiedene, aneinandergrenzende Verbreitungsgebiete und hybridisieren in der Kontaktzone. Die Nachkommen von Mischpaaren sind fruchtbar und können sowohl mit anderen Hybriden als auch mit Raben- und Nebelkrähen erfolgreich brüten. Trotzdem kommt es zu keiner völligen Vermischung der Formen und/oder Verlagerung der Verbreitungsgebiete. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersuchten wir die Partnerwahl von Aaskrähen in der Hybridisierungszone auf der nordfriesischen Insel Amrum und stellten fest, daß Partner gleichen Phänotyps häufiger miteinander verpaart waren, als stochastisch zu erwarten gewesen wäre. Unsere Daten bestätigen vergleichbare Studien aus Hybridisierungszonen in Italien und Sibirien. Wir schließen daraus, daß phänotypisch selektive Partnerwahl bei der Aaskrähe ein allgemeines Phänomen sein könnte und diskutieren, warum dieses Verhalten anfitness-relevante Parameter gekoppelt sein sollte. Um welche es sich dabei handeln könnte, wurde bisher nicht hinreichend untersucht und muß deshalb offen bleiben.
    Notizen: Summary Carrion Crow and Hooded Crow are regarded as subspecies of the Crow. They show frequent hybridisation along the adjacent borders of their distribution. Mixed pairs produce fertile offspring which are able to breed successfully with both hybrids and mates of either phenotype. However, hybridisation does not lead to phenotypic changes of Carrion and Hooded Crows in general nor in their distinct distribution. We studied the mating behaviour of Crows in the hybrid zone on the Island of Amrum (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany) and found evidence that Crows may prefer mates of the same phenotype. Our data confirm previous studies which reported assortative mating with respect to plumage coloration from hybrid zones in Italy and Siberia. We discuss why this behaviour should be related tofitness traits which in our opinion have not yet been studied adequately nor identified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01651226
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The impact of the egg parasitoid Uscana lariophaga on Callosobruchus maculatus populations and the damage to cowpea in a traditional storage system (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 89 (1998), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; Uscana lariophaga ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; Callosobruchus maculatus ; cowpea ; storage pest ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In West Africa, Uscana lariophaga (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitizes the eggs of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), an important pest of stored cowpea. The impact of the egg parasitoid on pest populations was evaluated in clay pots used in traditional storage in Niger. At the beginning of the storage period cowpeas were infested with different densities of larval instars and adults of C. maculatus and inoculated with one density of U. lariophaga. The higher the initial densities of C. maculatus, the better the egg parasitoid was able to establish itself and to control the population of C. maculatus, limiting the damage to cowpea. After three months of storage, the egg parasitoid significantly reduced the number of C. maculatus adults by 68 at the lowest and 86 percent at the highest initial density of the beetle; the percentage of damaged beans was reduced by 13 and 19% respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003555413273
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spatial and temporal distribution of endemic and released entomopathogenic nematode populations in turfgrass (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 86 (1998), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Heterorhabditidae ; Steinernematidae ; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ; Steinernema carpocapsae ; Steinernema feltiae ; entomopathogenic nematodes ; turfgrass ; Japanese beetle ; Popillia japonica ; population dynamics ; spatial distribution ; edaphic factors ; biological control ; colonization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabdita: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) have been effective as inundative biological control agents of scarab larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in turfgrass. Entomopathogenic nematodes also occur naturally in turfgrass and endemic or inoculated populations may be able to provide effective long-term control. Variation in Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae spatial and temporal distribution along transects placed at different turfgrass sites in central New Jersey, USA, was investigated. H. bacteriophora tended to be recovered from fewer sections in a transect than S. carpocapsae, but the two species, overall, did not differ in patchiness of distribution. In one transect with a H. bacteriophora population S. feltiae was also recovered, but the two populations seldom overlapped spatially. In transects with adequate scarab larvae density for analysis, H. bacteriophora density and Popillia japonica larvae density were inversely correlated. This suggests that endemic H. bacteriophora populations may suppress P. japonica populations. In one transect, an epizootic of H. bacteriophora in an undetermined host may have occurred. Edaphic factors were relatively uniform along transects and were, at most, weakly correlated with nematode recovery. Uniform inoculative releases of H. bacteriophora tended to return to patterns of distribution typical of endemic populations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003130111093
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Change in foraging behaviour of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis after exposure to dead conspecifics and their products (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 88 (1998), S. 295-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Acari ; Phytoseiidae ; biological control ; infochemicals ; disease ; transmission
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Adult females of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot are strongly attracted to infochemicals released by plants infested with their prey, the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), thereby effectively locating their prey. However, we found a consistently lower degree of attraction to these infochemicals for a population of P. persimilis, which is called non-responding population. Here we demonstrate that this low degree of attraction is a contagious phenomenon and that it cannot be explained by differences in abiotic conditions, physiological state and experience of predators or by genetic differences between predator populations. Female predators exposed to dead conspecifics of the non-responding population and their products showed a lower degree of attraction to plant odours and a higher mortality than predators exposed to products of a living conspecific of the non-responding population. This was true 6–7 days after contact with dead conspecifics and their products whereas 2 days after contact no effects were detected. The present results are discussed in view of our hypothesis that the change in foraging behaviour as well as the high mortality rate are symptoms of a contagious disease affecting the non-responding population.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003456317538
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sub-lethal effects of foliar pubescence on the egg parasitoid Copidosoma koehleri and influence on parasitism of potato moth, Phthorimaea operculella (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 87 (1998), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): tritrophic interactions ; solanaceae ; parasitoids ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003123502651
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Potential for intraguild predation and competition among predatory Coccinellidae and Chrysopidae (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 89 (1998), S. 47-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Chrysoperla carnea ; Coccinella septempunctata ; Coleomegilla maculata ; Harmonia axyridis ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Acyrthosiphon pisum ; prey suitability ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In a laboratory study two coccinellid species, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) and Harmonia axyridis Pallas, completed preimaginal development on lacewing eggs, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens or pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) in similar times. Preimaginal survival on C. carnea eggs was similar to survival on A. pisum for all stages of C. maculata and H. axyridis. Coccinellid adults that developed on C. carnea eggs were smaller than adults reared on A. pisum. Coccinella septempunctata L. did not complete preimaginal development on C. carnea eggs. Chrysoperla carnea preimaginal developmental time was approximately 20 days when fed either C. maculata eggs or A. pisum. Chrysoperla carnea fed C. maculata eggs developed into smaller adults, compared to adults reared as larvae on A. pisum, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) eggs, or A. pisum alternated daily with O. nubilalis eggs. C. carnea did not complete preimaginal development on H. axyridis eggs. Cannibalism occurred more frequently between C. carnea third instars than between C. maculata fourth instars. When a C. carnea third instar was paired with a C. maculata fourth instar, more C. maculata were preyed upon by C. carnea, regardless of the herbivorous prey density. In the field these two predator species may negatively affect each other and reduce their suppression of pest densities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003426815471
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reduction of insect cold-hardiness using ice-nucleating active fungi and surfactants (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 89 (1998), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Insecta ; supercooling capacity ; cold tolerance ; Hippodamia convergens ; Fusarium avenaceum ; Fusarium acuminatum ; pleomorphism ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The supercooling point (SCP) of an insect model, the lady beetle Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Menéville (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) was markedly elevated by treatment with aqueous suspensions of the filamentous, ice nucleation active (INA) fungi Fusarium avenaceum and slightly elevated by Fusarium acuminatum. Addition of the surfactant Tween 80 to the fungal suspensions further reduced the supercooling capacity of adult beetles. When used alone the surfactant Triton X-100 produced a greater SCP elevation than Tween 20 or Tween 80. The emulsifier gum arabic was ineffective in elevating beetle SCPs when applied alone and when added to INA fungal preparations it decreased their efficacy. Aqueous suspensions of both viable sporulating and viable pleomorphic (a permanent, degenerative, nonsporulating cultural state) forms of both fungal species were more effective in elevating the SCP than killed preparations except for the pleomorphic F. acuminatum suspension in which the killed form was slightly more active. Application of INA fungi applied in combination with surfactants may be useful in the development of methods for the biological control of overwintering freeze-susceptible insect pests by decreasing their capacity to avoid lethal freezing by supercooling.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003460828368
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of a co-occurring aphid on the susceptibility of the Russian wheat aphid to lacewing predators (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 87 (1998), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): predator foraging ; biological control ; Chrysoperla plorabunda ; Diuraphis noxia ; Rhopalosiphum padi
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Previous field experiments indicated that the presence of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), on perennial grasses can decrease the effectiveness of predatory lacewings, Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch), in reducing populations of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). We tested the hypothesis that R. padi deflects predation away from D. noxia because it feeds in sites that are more accessible to predators. We quantified the behavior of lacewing larvae on crested wheatgrass plants bearing either D. noxia alone or an equal mixture of D. noxia and R. padi. On non-flowering plants, R. padi typically occurred on leaf sheaths or open blades, and was encountered and captured more often than D. noxia, which usually fed within immature, rolled leaves. Overall time-budgets of lacewings did not differ between the pure-D. noxia and mixed-species treatments, but 〉75% of the time spent consuming aphids in the mixed-species treatment was devoted to R. padi. On flowering plants, D. noxia usually aggregated on the flag leaf below the inflorescence, whereas R. padi occurred mostly on leaf sheaths. Predators again captured R. padi more often than D. noxia, and spent more time consuming aphids in the mixed-species treatment than in the pure-D. noxia treatment. These behavioral observations support the hypothesis that non-target prey can hamper the short-term effectiveness of biological-control agents against D. noxia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003293719646
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A variable-response model for parasitoid foraging behavior (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 471-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): parasitoids ; foraging behavior ; learning ; experience ; variability ; model ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract An important factor inducing variability in foraging behavior in parasitic wasps is experience gained by the insect. Together with the insect's genetic constitution and physiological state, experience ultimately defines the behavioral repertoire under specified environmental circumstances. We present a conceptual variable-response model based on several major observations of a foraging parasitoid's responses to stimuli involved in the hostfinding process. These major observations are that (1) different stimuli evoke different responses or levels of response, (2) strong responses are less variable than weak ones, (3) learning can change response levels, (4) learning increases originally low responses more than originally high responses, and (5) hostderived stimuli serve as rewards in associative learning of other stimuli. The model specifies how the intrinsic variability of a response will depend on the magnitude of the response and predicts when and how learning will modify the insect's behavior. Additional hypotheses related to the model concern how experience with a stimulus modifies behavioral responses to other stimuli, how animals respond in multistimulus situations, which stimuli act to reinforce behavioral responses to other stimuli in the learning process, and finally, how generalist and specialist species differ in their behavioral plasticity. We postulate that insight into behavioral variability in the foraging behavior of natural enemies may be a help, if not a prerequisite, for the efficient application of parasitoids in pest management.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052012
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Behavioural variation among strains ofTrichogramma spp.: host-species selection (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 56 (1990), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Trichogramma ; egg parasites ; biological control ; host selection ; preference ; parasitization behaviour ; host discrimination ; Mamestra brassicae ; Pieris brassicae ; Pieris rapae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Le comportement de sélection de l'hôte par neuf souches deTrichogrammes, vis-à-vis d'œufs deMamestra brassicae, Pieris brassicae etP. rapae a été étudié au laboratoire afin de sélectioner des souches candidates pour des lâchers inondatifs contre ses espèces. Des expériences ont été menées par observations en continu du comportement de femelles auxquelles était offert un nombre égal d'œufs de deux espèces d'hôtes, disposés selon un grille.M. brassicae est un espèce-hôte fortement acceptée par toutes les souches. Au contraire, l'acceptabilité des deux espèces dePieris, semblable pour chaque souche, varie entre les souches. En tenant compte de la variation d'acceptance des œufs dePieris les souches (1) ne montrent aucune préférence entreMamestra etPieris, (2) montrent une préférence pourMamestra, ou(3) une aversion pourPieris. Des femelles des souches du second groupe acceptent fortement les œufs dePieris si les œufs deMamestra, préférés, sont absents. Comparativement, elles rentrent en contact avec moins d'œufs dePieris en présence d'œufs deMamestra. Ceci indique une sélection des hôtes à distance. Les souches du premier groupe sont probablement les meilleures candidates pour des lâchers inondatifs.
    Notizen: Abstract The host-selection behaviour of nine strains ofTrichogramma spp., towards eggs ofMamestra brassicae, Pieris brassicae andP. rapae, was investigated in laboratory experiments in order to select candidate strains for inundative releases against these species. Experiments were carried out by continuously observing the behaviour of individual females, which were offered equal numbers of eggs of two host species arranged in a grid.M. brassicae was a highly acceptable host species for all strains, whereas the acceptability of the twoPieris species was similar within strains, but varied between strains. Considering the variation in acceptance ofPieris eggs, strains either showed: (1) no preference betweenMamestra andPieris (High PierisAcceptance = HPA strains), (2) a preference forMamestra (Variable PierisAcceptance = VPA strains), or (3) an aversion forPieris (Low PierisAcceptance = LPA strains). Females of VPA strains showed a high acceptance ofPieris eggs if the preferredMamestra eggs were absent. They contacted comparatively fewerPieris eggs in presence ofMamestra eggs, which indicates selection of hosts at a distance. HPA strains probably are the best candidates for inundative releases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00579618
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Exophiala jeanselmei and Exophiala dermatitidis (1990)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 110 (1990), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): DNA ; Exophiala dermatitidis ; Exophiala gougerotii ; Exophiala jeanselmei ; mitochondria ; restriction profiles ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis with Hae III, Hind. III and Msp I was performed in 45 Exophiala jeanselmei strains (30 Phialophora jeanselmei and 15 Phialophora gougerotii strains) and 31 Exophiala dermatitidis strains. The results were as follows, 1) P. jeanselmei and P. gougerotii are identical, 2) E. jeanselmei is classified into 18 types based on restriction profiles, 3) two strains of E. jeanselmei CBS 577.76 and CBS 578.76 are identified as E. dermatitidis, 4) E. dermatitidis has no intraspecific variation and is definitely distinct from E. jeanselmei, 5) E. jeanselmei is suggested to be a complex organism because of extensive mtDNA polymorphism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446999
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    First record of Cercospora pistiae causing leaf spot of water lettuce ( Pistia stratioites ) in Brazil, with particular reference to weed biocontrol (1998)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 144 (1998), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Aquatic weeds ; biological control ; Cercospora pistiae ; fungal pathogens ; water cabbage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Pistia stratioites , the water lettuce, is an important pantropical aquatic weed. It has been the target of successful classical biocontrol programmes utilizing an insect natural enemy collected in Brazil and introduced into Australia, Papua New Guinea and South Africa. Little attention was given to the fungal pathogens associated with this weed as potential biocontrol agents. An 11-month field survey in the state of Rio de Janeiro involving repeated visits to 12 sites, and a 2-month survey in the Amazonas Basin (Amazonas state) in Brazil, yielded only one pathogenic fungus on P. stratioites. This was identified as Cercospora pistiae. No previous record of this species has been made in Brazil nor in the New World. The fungus is described and its taxonomy and biocontrol potential discussed herein. C. pistiae is a damaging pathogen of water lettuce. Its distribution was restricted to two interconnected sites in Rio de Janeiro. A literature and herbaria survey yielded few fungi associated to water lettuce (8 species), probably reflecting a lack of adequate collection in the centre of origin of the plant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007014322695
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of Pythium carolinianum causing ‘root rot’ of cotton in Egypt and its possible biological control by Pseudomonas fluorescens (1998)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 142 (1998), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): antagonism ; bacterization ; biological control ; cotton ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Pythium carolinianum ; root rot
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A severe root rot disease of cotton caused by Pythium carolinianum was diagnosed in a cotton field in Beni-Musa village, 20 km southwest of El-Minia city, Egypt, during the summer of 1996. This was the first reported isolation of this fungus in Egypt. In the light of the importance of the cotton industry in Egypt, research was initiated to develop a biocontrol agent against Pythium carolinianum. In vitro agar plate technique identified a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain that was highly antagonist to Pythium carolinianum. Subsequent plant growth experiments establish that substantial disease control could be obtained by applying Pseudomonas fluorescens to the soil. Optimal control was obtained by mixing the bacteria with the soil rather than by dipping the cotton roots in the bacterial suspension immediately before planting. Disease was more severe in autoclaved soil than in nonsterile soil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006906212689
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Numerical taxonomy of fluorescent Pseudomonas associated with tomato roots (1990)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 57 (1990), S. 223-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): fluorescent Pseudomonas ; root associated ; siderophores ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The phenetic taxonomy of 110 fluorescent bacterial strains, isolated from the roots of tomatoes and other plants was numerically studied through 97 features including 69 assimilation tests. Thirty-two reference strains of various Pseudomonas spp. were additionally included. The strains clustered into 16 clusters at the 74% similarity level when using Jaccard similarity coefficients. Almost all field strains belonged to the P. fluorescens/P. putida-complex while none clustered with P. syringae and allied bacteria. The biovar II branch, as well as the newly described biovar VI of P. fluorescens, made up 55% and 20% respectively, of the field strains; two % were allocated to P. fluorescens biovar I and three % to biovar IV. Eleven % of the root associated strains were designated P. putida; six strains were biovar A, three strains biovar B while four strains could not be referred to any known biovar. The continuum within the P. fluorescens/P. putida-complex as well as the taxonomic status of the six biovars of P. fluorescens and the three biovars of P. putida are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400154
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Zygozyma smithiae sp.n. (Lipomycetaceae), a new ambrosia yeast from Southern Africa (1990)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 58 (1990), S. 95-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): Zygozyma smithiae ; Lipomycetaceae ; ambrosia yeasts ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new species of the genus Zygozyma, Z. smithiae, was recovered from frass of the ambrosia beetle, Crossotarsus externedentatus in Northern Natal. A description of the new species and key to the genus are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422723
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Arxula gen. nov. (Candidaceae), a new anamorphic, arthroconidial yeast genus (1990)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 57 (1990), S. 59-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): Arxula ; Candidaceae ; yeasts ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The new genus Arxula is proposed for the classification of xerotolerant, ascomycetous, anamorphic, arthroconidial yeasts. The genus is considered to be of endomycetaceous affinity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400338
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kurtzmanomyces tardus sp. nov., a new anamorphic yeast species of basidiomycetous affinity (1990)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 58 (1990), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): basidiomycetous yeasts ; Kurtzmanomyces tardus ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new yeast species of basidiomycetous affinity Kurtzmanomyces tardus was isolated from contaminated demineralized water. It differs from K. nectairii, the only other Kurtzmanomyces species so far described, in its carbon assimilation pattern and low DNA-DNA homology (2.3%±2.1).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422729
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dipodascus capitatus, Dipodascus spicifer and Geotrichum clavatum: Genomic characterization (1998)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 74 (1998), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): Dipodascus capitatus ; D.spicifer ; Geotrichum clavatum ; yeast ; taxonomy ; DNA heterogeneity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The G+C contents of 25 strains of Dipodascus capitatus, Dipodascus spicifer and Geotrichum clavatum were found to be heterogeneous on basis of derivative graphs of the melting profiles. Strains showing similar derivative graphs of the melting curve exhibited high levels of DNA homology (80-100%); strains showing dissimilar derivative graphs exhibited low levels of DNA homology (5 to 45%). Being considered separate taxa on basis of these parameters, D. capitatus, D. spicifer and G. clavatum could be identified by a combination of the key characteristics growth on xylose, cellobiose, salicin and arbutin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001762024710
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of Taxa in the Genus shape Beta using ITS1 Sequence Information (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 16 (1998), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Schlagwort(e): allele-specific PCR ; Beta ; ITS1 ; plant identification ; rDNA ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Sequence variation in the ITS1 locus of the nuclear ribosomal DNA in beets has previously been used to reconstruct phylogeny of the species in the genus Beta. We have developed protocols that allow the identification of Beta taxa by use of taxon-specific primers. Beta sections, species and subspecies can be identified. Differences within the ITS1 region of a single base can be exploited for species identification. The results from this study not only provide effective methods for wild beet identification, but also indicate the potential use of the techniques in other crops.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007416817736
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological Control of Storage Mites by Cheyletus Eruditus (1998)
    Springer
    Integrated pest management reviews 3 (1998), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9745
    Schlagwort(e): stored product mites ; biological control ; history ; predators ; prey
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A history of the biological control of stored product mites is reviewed. Thirty-five references in the scientific literature were found principally dealing with acarine predators. The first paper to point out the specific value of Cheyletus eruditus as a predator of acaroid mites appeared in 1912. In 1965 biological control utilizing C. eruditus was put into practice for the first time and in 1986 a method of mass rearing the predator was developed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009647814477
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Contribution of Biological Control to Integrated Pest Management of Tephritid Fruit Flies in the Tropics and Subtropics (1998)
    Springer
    Integrated pest management reviews 3 (1998), S. 63-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9745
    Schlagwort(e): Biosteres ; Coptera ; Diachasmimorpha ; Psyttalia ; Tetrastichus ; augmentation ; host habitat location ; dispersal ; behavioural ecology ; biological control ; classical biological control ; integrated pest management ; mass rearing ; quality control ; parasitoids ; tephritidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The biological control of pest tephritid flies using parasitoids has been successful in relatively few subtropical and tropical regions. The best documented successes were in Hawaii and Florida, USA, Fiji and southern Europe. There were relatively limited successes in Australia, Costa Rica and Mexico. With the accidental establishment of new pest tephritids, such as Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) in Hawaii or Bactrocera papayae Drew and Hancock in Australia, foreign exploration for new parasitoids is essential. A renewal of interest in classical biological control has recently occurred, although not at the same level as in the 1940s and 1950s. New parasitoid species are currently being obtained for several tephritids, such as Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann), B. latifrons and Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). The advances in mass rearing and quality control technology for parasitoids has enabled researchers to perform large-scale field testing of these parasitoids to determine the potential of augmentative releases. Numerous studies on the augmentative release of parasitoids have been done. Historically, the larval—pupal parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) has been the most frequently studied parasitoid, due to the ease of rearing this species. However, recent successes in rearing other species with different biologies, e.g. the egg—pupal parasitoid Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), the gregarious eulophid, Tetrastichus giffardianus (Silvestri) and the pupal parasitoid, Coptera sp., will enable researchers to broaden the repertoire of parasitoid species for the future. Both successes and failures in augmentative releases have occurred. Without knowledge of the behavioural ecology of parasitoids, the reasons for success or failure can only be surmised. Recent research on the dispersal and host habitat finding of tephritid parasitoids will provide insights into improving augmentation and conservation strategies. The integrated pest management (IPM) of tephritid flies in the tropics has been less well-developed than research and programmes for tephritids in temperate zones. Significant emphasis is now being placed on the development of quarantine treatment methods that are environmentally sound; thus IPM will take a larger role. Several existing pest management strategies are reviewed which show the potential for compatibility with the activities of tephritid parasitoids. These include trap cropping, insecticides with selective toxicity to the target pests, mass trapping with parapheromones, the sterile insect technique and field sanitation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009647429498
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The taxonomic impediment in orthopteran research and conservation (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 2 (1998), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Schlagwort(e): Orthoptera ; biodiversity ; taxonomy ; conservation.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Wissenschaftskunde und Wissenschaftsorganisation, Hochschul- und Universitätswesen, Museumswissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract It is estimated that only 10–15% of the world's insect fauna has been described and named. Efforts to inventory insect biodiversity are hampered by this taxonomic impediment, which is compounded by the logistical problems of an insufficient taxonomic workforce and their remote location in museums thousands of miles from the areas of highest biodiversity. Compared to most other invertebrate groups however, the taxonomic impediment is relatively benign in the order Orthoptera. This is a small to medium-sized order (approximately 20 000 described species) which is well known taxonomically, owing to the group's agricultural importance worldwide. Furthermore, orthopteran taxonomists are now fortunate to have a published up-to-date catalogue of all known species, which has just become accessible as a regularly updated database on the World Wide Web. Whilst new information technology, in the form of e-mail networks, World Wide Web sites and CD-ROM information archives, is already enhancing communication between specialists and helping to reduce the logistical problems of documenting orthopteran biodiversity, a major reinvestment in basic taxonomic research is needed if we are to reduce the existing taxonomic impediment significantly. There is general agreement that an internationally coordinated approach will be necessary and priorities must be set to tackle the biodiversity/systematics crisis. In the future, the Orthoptera can make an important contribution to invertebrate faunal surveys and have potential as an indicator taxon. Furthermore, the Orthoptera Species File establishes a taxonomic framework which could be readily enlarged to include geographic data and phenology of species from existing museum specimens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009633811789
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological Control of Alfalfa Weevil in North America (1998)
    Springer
    Integrated pest management reviews 3 (1998), S. 225-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9745
    Schlagwort(e): Hypera postica ; alfalfa weevil ; Medicago sativa ; alfalfa ; biological control ; classical biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhall) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is of Eurasian origin. This destructive pest of alfalfa (lucerne) was accidentally established in North America on three separate occasions. These introductions are commonly identified in the literature as biological strains: western alfalfa weevil, Egyptian alfalfa weevil (=Hypera brunneipennis Boheman), and eastern alfalfa weevil. Alfalfa weevil has been the target of classical biological control almost since its discovery in North America more than 90 years ago. These efforts have resulted in establishment of at least nine exotic parasitoids and egg predators: Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), B. anurus (Thomson) and B. stenostigma (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae); Microctonus aethiopoides Loan and M. colesi Drea (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), the latter of undetermined origin; Oomyzus incertus (Ratzenberg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); Dibrachoides dynastes (Forester) and Peridesmia discus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae); and Anaphes luna (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). A fungal pathogen, Zoophthora phytonomi Arthur (Phycomycetes: Entomophthoraceae), of undetermined origin, is becoming an increasingly important alfalfa weevil mortality factor. Most major USA alfalfa production areas now benefit from a complex of alfalfa weevil biological control agents. Collectively, these agents have effected substantial reduction in the economic importance of alfalfa weevil across the northern USA However, biological agents provide only partial control of alfalfa weevil, and importance of their contribution differs considerably with production area. Still, the benefits achieved, especially from reduced need for insecticides in alfalfa production, mark this as one of the great success stories of classical biological control in North America.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009611219360
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Management of orthopteran pests: a conservation perspective (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 2 (1998), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Schlagwort(e): Orthoptera ; insecticide ; biological control ; pest management.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Wissenschaftskunde und Wissenschaftsorganisation, Hochschul- und Universitätswesen, Museumswissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Although the vast majority of orthopterans are not pests, some species have the potential to cause serious damage to human interests. Management of pest populations frequently conflicts with conservation of orthopteran species and processes, particularly when the pest species or its ecological processes are susceptible to extinction or when the pest population is coincident with non-target orthopterans. With respect to chemical control, the greatest hazards are the broad-spectrum, highly lethal properties of most agents, which can be mitigated with formulation and application methods. Biological control risks permanent, large-scale changes to orthopteran species and processes which can be minimized with bioinsecticidal and other short-lived or selective formulations and reliable host-range testing. Cultural control may have large-scale, broad-spectrum impacts to non-target orthopterans, but these hazards can be diminished by appropriate testing and monitoring. Mechanical control methods may be impractically labour intensive, but they are highly target specific and therefore warrant further consideration. Social control measures such as education, insurance and compensation programmes appear to have little direct potential for harm to orthopteran conservation, but the complex socioeconomic and, ultimately, environmental consequences of such programmes have not been assessed. The melding of orthopteran pest management and conservation requires that we perceive these insects and their ecological processes to be vital elements of sustainable agroecosystems. Our management of orthopterans (both non-target and pest populations) must focus on keeping good stewards on the land.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009699914515
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inactivation of baculovirus by quinones formed in insect-damaged plant tissues (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1221-1236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Baculovirus ; nuclear polyhedrosis virus ; plant phenolics ; polyphenol oxidase ; tritrophic interactions ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; host plant resistance ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The infectivity of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus, HzSNPV toHeliothis zea was significantly reduced when viral occlusion bodies were exposed to the plant phenolic chlorogenic acid in the presence of polyphenol oxidase. Chlorogenic acid is rapidly oxidized to the ortho-quinone, chlorogenoquinone, by foliar polyphenol oxidases of the tomato plant, Lycopersicon esculentum, when foliage is damaged during feeding by larvalH. zea. Our results indicate that chlorogenoquinone, a powerful oxidizing agent, covalently binds to the occlusion bodies of HzSNPV and significantly reduces their digestibility and solubility under alkaline conditions. This binding is proposed to interfere with the infection process by impairing the release of infective virions in the midgut.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021021
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of Taxonomy, Ecology, and Seasonality in River Stage on Fish Contamination Risks in Floodplain Swamps of the Lower Mississippi River (1998)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 7 (1998), S. 325-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Schlagwort(e): contamination risks ; fish ; Mississippi River ; ecological factors ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract We compared contamination levels in fish from contaminated and uncontaminated floodplain swamps of the lower Mississippi River to assess differences in contamination risks between swamps, across different taxonomic and ecological groupings of fishes within and between swamps, and with seasonality in river stage. Fish tissue levels of inorganic contaminants were substantially lower than environmental levels in both swamps, suggesting either that fish were not uptaking these contaminants, or they were effectively eliminating the contaminants from their bodies. Tissue levels of organic contaminants were high relative to environmental levels, suggesting that these contaminants were bioaccumulating. Organic contaminants were significantly higher in fish from the contaminated swamp (Devil's Swamp) than in fish from a reference swamp up river (Tunica Swamp). Because the organic contaminants were largely confined to sediments, we expected bottom-oriented fishes to have higher concentrations than pelagic fishes. Assuming that uptake was primarily through the food chain, we expected top predators to exhibit higher concentrations than low-level consumers. We also expected year- round swamp residents to exhibit higher accumulations than more transitory users of backswamp habitat. However, organic contaminant levels did not differ in the directions expected for any of these groupings. We did observe differences in organic contaminant levels within and between swamps for different taxonomic groupings of fishes (species and genera). Some taxa occupying low to middle positions in the food web (e.g., gizzard shad, Lepomis spp.) exhibited higher concentrations than taxa near the top of the food web. Within Devil's Swamp, organic contaminant levels were significantly higher at low river stage, when fish were confined to the swamp, than at high river stage, when fish were free to move between the river and the swamp. We caught more species and more fish per unit effort in Devil's Swamp than in Tunica Swamp, contrary to expectations if contaminants in the former were negatively impacting population and community structure. Species richness differences between swamps were a consequence of catch differences, with higher catch corresponding to inclusion of more rare species. The lower catch in Tunica Swamp may have resulted from physical modifications of its waterways to support agriculture and hunting. The results of this study underscore the importance in factoring information on the taxonomy and ecology of organisms, and seasonal changes in environmental conditions, into assessments of contamination risks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008811713427
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology and molecular phylogeny ofTretopileus sphaerophorus, a synnematous hyphomycete with basidiomycetous affinities (1998)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Aphyllophorales ; ribosomalDNA ; synnematous hyphomycete ; taxonomy ; Tretopileus sphaerophorus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Tretopileus sphaerophorus, a synnematous hyphomycete with basidiomycetous affinities was newly isolated from the decaying petiole and peduncle ofCocos nucifera collected in Depok, Indonesia. The species produced first a bulbil as a propagule on the top of a synnema. After the bulbil had fallen, the synnema proliferated about seven times to produce new bulbils, each time making conspicuous nodes at the upper part. By careful morphological observation, clamp connections were confirmed on the hyphae in the specimens and culture. In culture, each hyphal cell with or without a clamp was found to be dikaryotic by DAPI nuclear staining. Germination of the bulbils occurred first from projecting hyphal tips on their upper surface, which have been treated as germ pores. The inner structure of the bulbils, the hyaline mucus of the bulbils, and conidium-like hyphal fragments were also examined. Phylogenetically,T. sphaerophorus was inferred to be related to the Aphyllophorales based on the nuclear encoded small subunit (18S) rDNA using the homology search system (FASTA) and the neighbour-joining method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461574
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The order phyllachorales: Taxonomic review (1998)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 97-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Loculoascomycetes ; phyllachoraceae ; phyllachorales ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The order Phyllachorales contains ascomycetous fungi of considerable economic importance. The group is represented mostly by foliar parasites which produce perithecia under a clypeus, inside a stroma, or do not produce any stromatic tissue. A major taxonomic problem with this order is the lack of reliable morphological characters that clearly delimit the entire group. The main purpose of this review is to provide a clear picture of the taxonomic relationships of the order Phyllachorales, along with a key to the most important genera in the family Phyllachoraceae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461586
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On some species ofMycogloea (1998)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Mycogloea ; Platygloea ; Platygloeaceae ; Platygloeales ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Three new species ofMycogloea are described and illustrated; they are:M. amethystina from Canada,M. nipponica, from Japan, andM. bullata from Thailand.Mycogloea tahitiensis is reported from Japan and additional undescribed taxa in the genus are briefly noted. Some characteristics of the genus are discussed, and a key is provided for six species recognized at this time.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461575
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phylogenetic relationships betweenVicia faba (Fabaceae) and related species inferred from chloroplasttrnL sequences (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 212 (1998), S. 247-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Fabaceae ; Vicia faba ; trnL intron ; PCR-sequencing ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The chloroplasttrnL intron from 46 differentVicia accessions, representing five of the nine sections of the genusVicia subg.Vicia sensuMaxted (1991a) were amplified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers homologous to conserved regions intrnL. The products fell into two distinct groups; those of approximately 250 nt and those of around 450 nt in length. Of these, products from 17 differentVicia species were cloned and their nucleotide sequences determined. Multiple alignments were assembled and phylogenetic trees constructed by the weighted least-squares distance method. ALathyrus latifolius trnL intron sequence was used as an outgroup. The resulting trees clearly group and separate the sectt.Narbonensis, Bithynica andFaba species but were less able to distinguish species from sectt.Hypechusa andPeregrinae. Based on these sequence data,V. faba appears to be more distant from sect.Narbonensis than sectt.Hypechusa andPeregrinae. The results are in general agreement with a recent treatment ofVicia subg.Vicia (Maxted 1993) and lend further support to placingV. faba in the monospecific sect.Faba.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01089741
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isoenzyme variation in the wild relatives ofVicia faba (Fabaceae) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 213 (1998), S. 173-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Fabaceae ; Vicia ; sect.Bithynicae ; sect.Narbonensis ; Allozymes ; genetic diversity ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Electrophoretic analysis of five enzyme systems, LAP, PGI, SKDH, SOD and 6-PGDH, among 102Vicia accessions representingV. bithynica and seven species of theV. narbonensis complex, namelyV. eristalioides, V. kalakhensis, V. johannis, V. galilaea, V. serratifolia, V. narbonensis andV. hyaeniscyamus, has been performed. The recorded variation was tentatively assigned to 41 allelic genes at eight loci; intraspecific variation was observed in all species except forV. eristalioides. The results obtained were compared with the corresponding data reported earlier forV. faba. Hierarchical grouping of the investigated taxa, includingV. faba, was based onNei's genetic identities calculated from the allozyme frequency data.Vicia faba andV. bithynica were shown to be most distantly related to one another and to the remaining species investigated.Vicia serratifolia appeared to be a peripheral member of theV. narbonensis complex. The results are discussed with reference to genetic diversity and taxonomic relationships of the species under study.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985198
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of PCR-RFLP analysis of the ITS region with morphological criteria of various strains of Dunaliella (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 10 (1998), S. 573-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): Dunaliella ; ITS ; PCR ; RFLP ; strains ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The genus Dunaliella comprises 28 species defined primarily by morphological and physiological criteria, which vary considerably depending on growth conditions. Concomitantly, the taxonomic status of various species is uncertain. To confirm the taxonomic identity and to better understand the relationship within Dunaliella, seven taxa ( D. salina, D. bardawil, D. tertiolecta, D. parva, D. viridis, D. lateralis, D. peircei) were compared using RFLP analysis of the nuclear rDNA repeats, specifically the internal transcribed spacer regions, including the 5.8S rRNA gene. Volvox aureus was used as an outgroup. A single ITS PCR amplification product was obtained for each taxon. An ITS fragment of ca. 640 bp was present in all the taxa within the subgenus Dunaliella, except for D. salina CCMP 1303 (ca. 540 bp) and D. lateralis (subgenus Pascheria) (ca. 600 bp). A cluster analysis based on the presence or absence of bands generated by digestion of the PCR product with 8 restriction endonucleases (DpnI, HhaI, EcoRI, PvuII, TaqI, HaeIII, MspI, StyI) revealed no correlation between the genetic relationship inferred from the ITS-RFLP data and the morpho-physiological attributes used for taxonomy. In addition, differences in morphology, physiology and in the length and restriction fragment patterns of the ITS region of D. salina CCMP 1303 suggest that this strain does not belong to Dunaliella.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008035422784
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A critical comparison ofGracilaria chilensis andG. sordida (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 2 (1990), S. 375-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): Gracilaria ; taxonomy ; organellar DNA restriction ; anatomy ; chromosome number ; interfertility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Gracilaria chilensis Bird, McLachlanet Oliveira from Chile andG. sordida Nelson from New Zealand have been compared with respect to reproductive anatomy, chromosome number, interfertility, and organellar DNA restriction profiles. No differences were found in reproductive anatomy, which in these species is distinguished by deeptextorii-type spermatangial conceptacles and prominent tubular nutritive cells directed only to the floor of the cystocarp. The species share a chromosome number ofn = 24 and are readily interfertile. Electrophoretic profiles of organellar DNA digested with four different restriction endonucleases were virtually identical between the species except for bands that represented accompanying plasmids. However, previous research has indicated that the four plasmid bands inG. chilensis and the single one inG. sordida have a common origin. On these groundsG. chilensis andG. sordida are
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02180928
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Introduction and spread of Thiara granifera (Lamarck, 1822) in Martinique, French West Indies (1998)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 7 (1998), S. 1277-1290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Schlagwort(e): invasion ; stratified diffusion ; Martinique ; freshwater snails ; biological control ; Thiaridae ; Thiara granifera ; Melanoides tuberculata
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We followed the invasion dynamics of the Oriental thiarid snail Thiara granifera on the Martinique island, French Antilles. This freshwater species was first discovered in 1991 in the Charpentier River, and its spread has since been analysed based on a yearly survey of the malacological fauna at more than 100 sites covering the whole island and representing 50 river systems and three pools. Four river systems were sampled at many sites. Thirteen river systems were colonized by 1997. Colonization within river systems occurred at a speed greater than 1km per year, probably resulting from both active and passive dispersal. Our results can, on the whole, be explained by a simple diffusion process. However, stratified diffusion has to be invoked in at least one river. Moreover, colonization was faster downstream than upstream, suggesting that current velocity plays a significant role in dispersal. Dispersal also occurred between river systems at a mean distance of almost 10km, though with a large variance, in accordance with the scattered colony model of stratified diffusion. The relative frequencies of T. granifera and Melanoides tuberculata, another recent invader of Martinique, were followed at three sites on the Lézarde River. The first species quickly outnumbered the second, though never wiped it out. The data therefore do not support any exclusion phenomena between these two parthenogenetic invaders. Our analysis does not indicate any obvious influence of the rise of T. granifera on the local freshwater fauna.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008887531605
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new species ofCortinarius sect.Sericeocybe from Japan (1998)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 333-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Cortinarius prunicola ; Cortinarius Sect.Sericeocybe ; new species ; Rosaceae ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Cortinarius prunicola sp. nov., found in orchards and plantations ofPrunus mume, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by its dry and violet-white carpophores, unpleasant odor, and its close association withP. mume in spring and early summer. The differences betweenC. prunicola and similar species are briefly discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02464017
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Suppression of fecundity of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, in monoxenic cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana treated with an alkaline extract of Ascophyllum nodosum (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 10 (1998), S. 91-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): Ascophyllum nodosum ; commercial seaweed extract ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; root-knot nematode ; Meloidogyne javanica ; betaines ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana plants with a commercially-available, alkaline extract of the marine brown alga, Ascophyllum nodosum, resulted in a significant decrease in the number of females of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, which developed in the roots compared to those of plants grown in a water control medium. Significant reductions in egg recovery were also achieved from plants treated with the seaweed extract. Similar effects were produced when betaine components of the seaweed extract (γ-aminobutyric acid betaine, δ-aminovaleric acid betaine and glycinebetaine) were used in quantities equivalent to those applied in the seaweed extract treatment. As the experiments were conducted under monoxenic conditions, it can be concluded that the results obtained with the application of either the seaweed extract or betaines are indicative of their effects on the plants and are not dependent on microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008067420092
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Patterns of introduction of non-indigenous non-marine snails and slugs in the Hawaiian Islands (1998)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 7 (1998), S. 349-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Schlagwort(e): alien species ; extinction ; biological control ; Mollusca ; habitat modification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The native snails of the Hawaiian Islands are disappearing. One cause is predation by introduced carnivorous snails. Habitat destruction/modification is also important, facilitating the spread of other non-indigenous snails and slugs. Eighty-one species of snails and slugs are recorded as having been introduced. Thirty-three are established: 12 freshwater, 21 terrestrial. Two or three species arrived before western discovery of the islands (1778). During the nineteenth century about one species per decade, on average, was introduced. The rate rose to about four per decade during the twentieth century, with the exception of an especially large number introduced in the 1950s as putative biocontrol agents against the giant African snail, Achatina fulica. The geographical origins of these introductions reflect changing patterns of commerce and travel. Early arrivals were generally Pacific or Pacific rim species. Increasing trade and tourism with the USA, following its annexation of Hawaii, led to an increasing proportion of American species. More general facilitation of travel and commerce later in the twentieth century led to a significant number of European species being introduced. African species dominated the 1950s biological control introductions. The process continues and is just part of the homogenization of the unique faunas of tropical Pacific islands.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008881712635
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The implications of accepting untestedhypotheses: a review of the effectsof purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)in North America (1998)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 7 (1998), S. 1069-1079 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Schlagwort(e): purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) ; biological control ; hypothesis testing ; wetland conservation ; nonindigenous species
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The acceptance of poorly tested hypotheses has adverse scientific consequences, and may have adverse ecological and social consequences. The hypothesis that purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) has deleterious effects on North American wetlands is an example. We traced the history of purple loosestrife and its control in North America and found little scientific evidence consistent with the hypothesis that purple loosestrife has deleterious effects. The most commonly cited study of the effects of purple loosestrife on native flora and fauna produced inconclusive results. The general acceptance of this hypothesis, however, has resulted in the introduction of nonindigenous insects for biological control. Efforts to control purple loosestrife may be misplayed and may have long-term ecological consequences if loosestrife does not have the impact it is believed to have. The acceptance of this hypothesis using scientific justifications may affect future scientific credibil ity. Careful evaluation of the precautionary principle is necessary when considering the control of nonindigenous organisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008861115557
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Taxonomic review of the species of Pterocladia (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 10 (1998), S. 237-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): Gelidiales ; Gelidiella ; Gelidium ; Pterocladia ; Pterocladiella ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Segregating Pterocladiella from Pterocladia stimulated new taxonomic studies of the species originally assigned to Pterocladia. A total of 28 species are ascribed to the genus, one of them with doubts. Thirteen of the 27 names are synonyms. Three of the remaining 14 species belong with Gelidium, including G. americanum, G. mcnabbianum (Dawson) comb. nov. and G. musciformis. Seven other species belong with Pterocladiella, including P. bartlettii (Taylor) comb. nov., P. bulbosa, P. caerulescens, P. caespitosa (Kylin) comb. nov., P. caloglossoides (Howe) comb. nov., P. capillacea and P. melanoidea. Two species are retained in Pterocladia, the type P. lucida and P. rectangularis. Two others, P. heteroplatos and P. media are placed in incertae sedis as additional studies of fertile materials are needed to determine their generic status. The genus Pterocladia now appears to include two large-sized species restricted to Australia-New Zealand. Pterocladiella has 8 small-sized species (including P. minima), mainly inhabiting tropical and subtropical waters. Future research documenting sexual reproduction in Gelidiella and solving the presently recognized heterogeneity in Gelidium will help to trace the relationships between Pterocladiella and these two genera.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008095915164
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Suppression of pre- and postemergence damping-off in corn by Burkholderia cepacia (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 104 (1998), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): biological control ; Zea mays ; Pythium spp. ; Fusarium spp. ; seed bacterization Burkholderia cepacia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Burkholderia cepacia (syn. Pseudomonas cepacia) strain PHQM100 applied as a seed coating was tested in growth chamber experiments for its ability to suppress preemergence damping-off, and postemergence damping-off in corn induced by Pythium and Fusarium spp. The symptoms observed in bioassays with soils naturally infested with the fungal pathogens were seed rot with Pythium spp. and mesocotyl and root tissue necrosis in the presence of Fusarium spp. Three corn cultivars that differed in their susceptibility to damping-off pathogens were used. Cultivar L was susceptible to pre- and postemergence damping-off, whereas cv. LPDP and cv. LG11 were moderately resistant and resistant to the damping-off diseases respectively. In the presence of Pythium spp., seed treatment with B. cepacia reduced seed rot, as compared to the untreated seeds, and this reduction was more consistent in the cv. LPDP than in the resistant cv. LG11 or the susceptible cv. L. In soils infested with Fusarium spp., seed treatment significantly reduced root and mesocotyl necrosis as compared to the untreated seeds, and this reduction was more consistent in the resistant cultivars LG11 and LPDP than in the susceptible cv. L. Root colonization levels by B. cepacia were similar in the three corn cultivars tested. Biocontrol efficiency of B. cepacia varied among cultivars mainly due to the differences in their susceptibility to the fungal pathogens. In spite of variability and also irrespective of the soil characteristics, B. cepacia increased seedling emergence and decreased mesocotyl and root necrosis when used as a seed coating.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008625511924
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    N-acyl-homoserine lactone-mediated gene regulation in biological control by fluorescent pseudomonads: Current knowledge and future work (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 104 (1998), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): autoinduction ; biological control ; gene regulation ; LuxR/LuxI ; N-acyl-homoserine lactones ; fluorescent pseudomonads ; quorum sensing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract An emerging area within biological control is the role of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (N-acyl-HSL's) in the regulation of competitive fitness and pathogen suppression. N-acyl-HSL regulatory systems utilize two conserved proteins which belong to the LuxR/LuxI regulatory family: one is a transcriptional regulator and the second produces the N-acyl-HSL signal. These signals regulate the expression of a diverse range of bacterial traits involved in microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions. Several fluorescent pseudomonads important in biological control produce N-acyl-HSL signals which regulate genes that encode products involved in pathogen suppression. In contrast to pathogenic bacteria, little is known regarding N-acyl-HSL-mediated gene regulation in biological control bacteria. This minireview will focus on the current status of the role of N-acyl-HSL's in the regulation of phenazine antibiotic and rhamnolipid production in biological control by fluorescent pseudomonads. The potential relevance of this type of regulation in biological control of plant diseases, and areas requiring further research will be addressed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008674417007
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of phenotypically distinct strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri from Southwest Asia (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 104 (1998), S. 477-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): citrus bacterial canker ; detection ; epidemiology ; monoclonal antibodies ; variability ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri were isolated from Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia) trees in several countries in southwest Asia. These strains produced typical erumpent bacterial canker lesions on Mexican lime but not on grapefruit (C. paradisi). Lesions on grapefruit were watersoaked and blister-like in contrast to the typical erumpent lesions seen after artificial inoculation with all described pathotypes of X. axonopodis pv. citri. This group of strains hydrolysed gelatin and casein and grew in the presence of 3% NaCl as is typical of X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A. RFLP analyses and DNA probe hybridization assays also gave results consistent with X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A. Metabolic fingerprints prepared with the Biolog® system showed similarities as well as differences to X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A. In spite of the physiological and genetic similarities to pathotype A of X. axonopodis pv. citri, these strains had no or very little affinity for polyclonal antiserum prepared against any of the reference strains of X. axonopodis pv. citri and also did not react with monoclonal antibody A1, an antibody that detects all strains of pathotype A of X. axonopodis pv. citri. These strains were also insensitive to bacteriophage Cp3 like X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A and unlike X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype B. We conclude that these strains, designated Xcc-A*, represent a variant of X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype-A with pathogenicity limited to C. aurantifolia. The existence of extensive genotypic and phenotypic variation within pathotype A of X. axonopodis pv. citri was unexpected and further complicates the systematics of this species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008676508688
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Euglenophyta found exclusively in South America (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 369-370 (1998), S. 363-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Euglenophyta ; South America ; geographical distribution ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A taxonomic revision of the Euglenophyta found exclusively in South America is presented. The taxonomy, geographical distribution and critical analysis of the synonyms are given. More than two hundred species and infraspecific entities from South America are described, many of them recorded several times in different regions. The genus Trachelomonas comprises the highest number of new taxa, reaching more than 100 entities. It is followed by Phacus (48 taxa), Strombomonas (33 taxa), Euglena (15 taxa) Lepocinclis (14 taxa), and Distigma, Entosiphon and Sphenomonas with one new taxon each.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017024010906
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new species of Neocervinia (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Cerviniidae) from the hyperbenthos of the Hatsushima cold-seep site in Sagami Bay, Japan (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 377 (1998), S. 165-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Neocervinia itoi ; Copepoda ; Harpacticoida ; taxonomy ; cold-seep ; Japan
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new species of harpacticoid copepod, Neocervinia itoi (Cerviniidae), is described on the basis of females and copepodids collected from the Hatsushima cold-seep site in Sagami Bay, Japan. It is morphologically very close to its deep-sea congeners N. tenuicauda (Brotskaya, 1963) and N. unisetosa (Montagna, 1981). The new species differs primarily in the segmentation of the antennule and the endopod of both mandible and maxilliped, and in form and shape of the setae on leg 5. The presence of sensillar structures on the proximal part of the antennule is discussed. A key to the species of Neocervinia is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003248419795
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Scientific Nomenclature of the Red Howlers from the Northeastern Amazon in Brazil, Venezuela, and the Guianas (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 19 (1998), S. 879-905 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Schlagwort(e): Alouatta seniculus ; taxonomy ; geographic distribution ; Guianas
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Cytogenetic and morphological studies have begun to reexamine the taxonomy of the red howlers Alouatta seniculus which live throughout the northern and western Amazon basin, in the Guianas, and from northern Colombia and Venezuela, south to Bolivia. We briefly review the current state of knowledge of the taxonomy and distributions of red howlers, in particular, that of the Guianan subspecies. Recently, two names have been applied to populations from this region, Simia straminea Humboldt, 1812, and Alouatta macconnelli Elliot, 1910. Allen (1911, 1916) unquestioningly accepted the validity of A. macconnelli from the Guyana coast, but most subsequent taxonomic revisions (Cruz Lima, 1945; Cabrera, 1957; Husson, 1978) have synonymized it with S. straminea. Tate (1939) and Hill (1962) listed Alouatta seniculus macconnelli, but both doubted its validity. Nevertheless, recent cytogenetic and morphological studies, without due consideration of the taxonomic history of the two scientific names, have led to the resurrection of A. macconnelli, as distinct from S. straminea. The use of the name Alouatta macconnelli has evidently arisen from a cursory reading of Hill (1962) or an uncritical interpretation of his provisional subspecific distribution map or both. There are also contradictory interpretations of a reciprocal translocation as indicating that Simia straminea and Alouatta macconnelli are separate species (Bonvicino et al., 1995) or the same subspecies (Sampaio et al., 1996). Doubts about the type locality of Simia straminea Humboldt, 1812, as given by Hill (1962), led us to research its original description and to conclude that Simia straminea is a synonym of Alouatta caraya and therefore unavailable for Alouatta seniculus. Before A. macconnelli is accepted as the next available name for the Guianan red howlers, however, we advocate a thorough review of Guianan, Venezuelan, and Colombian red howler subspeciation, with due consideration for the taxonomic status of Mycetes auratus and Mycetes laniger Gray, 1845. We note that Alouatta guariba (Humboldt, 1812) is a senior synonym of Alouatta fusca (Saint-Hilaire, 1812).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020349514553
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of three microbial broth cultures and an organic amendment on growth and populations of free living and plant-parasitic nematodes on banana (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 104 (1998), S. 457-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): Bacillus thuringiensis ; biological control ; Helicotylenchus multicinctus ; nematicide ; numerical response ; Paecilomyces marquandii ; Radopholus similis ; Streptomyces costaricanus ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of 24 treatment combinations of cultures of Streptomyces costaricanus sp. nov. (ATCC55274), Bacillus thuringiensis (ATCC55273) and a strain of Paecilomyces marquandii, nematicide (cadusaphos), and/or wheat mash on growth and response of potted banana plants (Musa AAA) and populations of Radopholus similis, Helicotylenchus multicinctus and free living nematodes were studied in Río Frío, Costa Rica. The best plant responses (height, leaf numbers, healthy root weight), lowest numbers of plant parasitic nematodes and highest numbers of free living nematodes were observed for treatments containing wheat as a component. Two treatments, viz. wheat + Streptomyces costaricanus (200-ml culture) and wheat + P. marquandii (200-ml culture), gave the overall best results. Numbers of free living nematodes increased up to 1500-fold only for treatments containing wheat. Significant positive correlations existed between numbers of free living nematodes and shoot weight, healthy root biomass, plant height, and leaf numbers. Non-wheat treatments, including nematicide only, gave the poorest responses in general. Observations of nematodes sampled 50 days following planting in wheat-containing treatments showed most of the free-living nematodes (≈ 90%) to be infected by nematophagous fungi (species not recorded). The results show that an organic amendment to soil, with or without a microbial component, can be an effective inducer of processes that regulate plant-parasitic nematode populations in soil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008638419552
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Systematics ofJusticia sect.Pentaloba (Acanthaceae) (1990)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 169 (1990), S. 219-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Acanthaceae ; Justicia ; Siphonoglossa ; Cytology ; flavonoids ; systematics ; taxonomy ; generic relationships
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The transfer of the four taxa ofSiphonoglossa sect.Pentaloba toJusticia is proposed. It is shown that the taxa of this section were placed inSiphonoglossa primarily because of a single-character phenetic relationship and that they correctly belong inJusticia. In addition to morphology, data from cytology and flavonoid chemistry are also presented that support this intergeneric transfer. A key to the taxa and a detailed taxonomic treatment of the section are provided.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937676
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evolutionary relationships in thePodalyrieae andLiparieae (Fabaceae) based on morphological, cytological, and chemical evidence (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 209 (1998), S. 1-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Fabaceae ; Podalyrieae ; Liparieae ; Morphology ; chromosome numbers ; chemical compounds ; taxonomy ; generic relationships
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Taxonomic relationships amongst the genera of the southern African tribesPodalyrieae andLiparieae are discussed. Data gained from morphological, cytological and chemical investigations are analyzed cladistically to determine relationships. The genusCadia (tribeSophoreae) is included in the investigation to establish whether it should be transferred to thePodalyrieae. The results clearly indicate that thePodalyrieae andLiparieae are monophyletic and that they should be united, but thatHypocalyptus andCadia should be excluded. Within the monophyletic group, there are two distinct subclades each supported by three apomorphies. The results also show that there is a strong sister relationship betweenAmphithalea andCoelidium. In the taxonomic treatment theLiparieae are placed into synonymy under thePodalyrieae and two subtribes are recognized. A key to the genera in the tribe is given, followed by a synopsis of the genera.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00991521
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ecogeographical differentiation patterns inAdonis sect.Consiligo (Ranunculaceae) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 211 (1998), S. 43-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Ranunculaceae ; Adonis ; Morphology ; growth pattern ; taxonomy ; ecology ; climatic requirements ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Adonis sect.Consiligo is split into three subsections based on morphology, growth pattern, pollen and fruit morphology. For all species distribution maps are provided and discussed with regard to their ecology and climatic requirements. These data reveal additional characters that support the classification of the taxa. Most species of the section grow in continental Eurasiatic steppes and mountain steppe habitats. Only the species of subsect.Amurenses grow in Far Eastern temperate forests and prefer a more oceanic climate. The taxonomic position of these strongly divergent species is supported by the distributional and ecological data. The evolution ofAdonis sect.Consiligo occurred under strong climatic control. During evolution the taxa could only slightly widen their ecological amplitude and, thus, ecology remained rather stable except that of the subsect.Amurenses. Ecological and distributional data can be used to validate taxonomy and phylogeny and reveal additional informations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984911
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular evidence that fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis, Asteraceae) is of South African origin (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 213 (1998), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Asteraceae ; Senecioneae ; Senecio ; S. madagascariensis ; S. inaequidens ; S. lautus ; Weed ; genetics ; internal transcribed spacer ; ITS ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract ITS1 sequence data was obtained for fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) andS. lautus from Australia,S. madagascariensis andS. inaequidens from South Africa andS. madagascariensis from Madagascar. Despite the low level of variation (0.0–3.4%), these data further resolve the controversy concerning the identity and origin of fireweed. They confirm that fireweed is part of the South AfricanS. madagascariensis/S. inaequidens complex, and indicate that the infestation in Australia originated from South Africa as opposed to Madagascar. This will facilitate a resumption of biological control efforts in Australia and will direct surveys for control agents to South Africa.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985204
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cytogenetic investigations onOenothera nutans (Onagraceae) (1990)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 169 (1990), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Onagraceae ; Oenothera sect.Oenothera subsect.Oenothera ; O. nutans ; Chromosomal analysis ; complex analysis ; structural heterozygosity ; complex heterozygosity ; taxonomy ; numerical taxonomy ; factor analysis ; reciprocal translocations ; Sifactors ; lethal factors ; sublethal factors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Oenothera nutans, common to the Appalachian Mts between 650 and 1 700 m altitude, was investigated cytogenetically and taxonomically. The species is permanently structurally heterozygous. It consists of two genomes of the B-type which are more or less indistinguishable phenotypically. Nearly all of the strains investigated possess a self-incompatibility factor in one of the two complexes. Both complexes show a close relationship to the predominantly homozygousO. grandiflora, a native of the southern lowlands.O. nutans andO. grandiflora possess the same plastid type, plastome III. Probably,O. nutans evolved by an accumulation of reciprocal translocations within an originally structurally homozygous population, which must be regarded ancestral to the present forms ofO. grandiflora.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00935986
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Karyological studies inPelargonium sectt.Ciconium, Dibrachya, andJenkinsonia (Geraniaceae) (1990)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 170 (1990), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Geraniaceae ; Pelargonium ; Chromosome numbers ; karyotypes ; karyotype evolution ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Pelargonium sect.Ciconium and sect.Dibrachya have a basic chromosome number of x = 9, whereas sect.Jenkinsonia has x = 9, 11, and 17.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937700
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ribosomal RNA genes inQuercus spp. (Fagaceae) (1990)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 172 (1990), S. 127-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Fagaceae ; Quercus ; Gene mapping ; ribosomal RNA genes ; rRNA/DNA hybridization ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The taxonomy of the genusQuercus is still unclear. In order to elucidate the taxonomy of Mediterranean oaks we have analyzed ribosomal RNA genes ofQuercus cerris, Q. coccifera, Q. trojana, Q. ilex, Q. suber, andQ. macrolepis by means of Southern blot hybridization. Oak nuclear DNA was extracted from root tips of 300 acorns and from catkins of single plants. EcoRI and BamHI restriction endonucleases were used. DNA electrophoresis and rRNA/DNA hybridization were performed usingVicia faba rRNA 18 S and 25 S as probes. The rRNA genes of all the species studied have an identical restriction mapping in the 18 S and 25 S regions, while differences in length are present in the intergenic regions.Q. cerris possesses at least four types of genes of 12.1, 11.5, 8.5, and 8.3 kb;Q. coccifera at least three types of 12.4, 10.4, and 10.1 kb;Q. trojana possesses the same rRNA genes asQ. cerris plus another gene type 12.0 kb long, with EcoRI and BamHI restriction sites in the intergenic spacer;Q. ilex at least three types of 12.4, 10.85, and 9.5 kb;Q. suber at least five types of 11.5, 11.0, 8.6, 8.5, and 8.3 kb;Q. macrolepis, finally, at least seven types of 11.5, 11.0, 10.2, 8.6, 8.5, 8.3, and 8.15 kb.Q. coccifera andQ. ilex rDNA appears quite different respect to other species examined, while high similarity seems to exist betweenQ. cerris, Q. trojana, Q. suber, andQ. macrolepis. These results are in agreement with the taxonomic model proposed bySchwarz for the genusQuercus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937803
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphological and anatomical differentiation ofVellozia hirsuta populations (Velloziaceae) (1990)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 173 (1990), S. 197-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Velloziaceae ; Vellozia hirsuta ; Morphological and anatomical variation ; geographical differentiation ; taxonomy ; Flora of the campos rupestres ; Brazil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The morphological and leaf anatomical differentiation ofVellozia hirsuta is analysed and classified into several types (A1, A2, A4, B3, B5, C3). The species has a relatively wide distribution in the campos rupestres of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The variation of the isolated populations on different mountain ranges is complex, does not follow a clear geographical pattern, and defies taxonomic classification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940863
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cytomorphological characters supporting the taxonomic validity ofCyanothece (Cyanoprokaryota) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 210 (1998), S. 25-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Cyanophyta ; Cyanobacteria ; Cyanothece ; Synechococcus ; Cyanobium ; Ultrastructure ; nucleoids ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The fine structure of the type species of the genusCyanothece Komárek 1976,C. aeruginosa, is described and compared with the main cytological characteristics of morphologically related members of the generaCyanobium, Cyanobacterium andSynechococcus. Several morphological features, such as cell walls with thick outer layers containing a special type of vesicles, position of thylakoids, “keritomy” (net-like appearance of protoplast caused by arrangement of thylakoids, net-like nucleoids and/or by tendency to form intrathylakoidal spaces) and a special structure of mucilaginous envelopes were found to be characteristic of this genus, supporting its separate position among coccal cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacteria, cyanophytes). The taxonomic significance of ultrastructural features in all mentioned genera is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984725
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pollen morphology in theBoragineae (Boraginaceae) in relation to the taxonomy of the tribe (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 213 (1998), S. 121-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Boraginaceae ; Boragineae ; Palynology ; phenetics ; stereostructure ; systematics ; taxonomy ; ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The results of a comparative survey on pollen morphology in theBoragineae by means of light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy are presented and discussed in relation to the taxonomy of the tribe. Multivariate analyses lead to the recognition of 15 pollen morphotypes for which a discriminant key is proposed. The discriminatory characters concern mainly the stereostructural and ultrastructural features of the grains, such as tectum sculpture and aperture morphology, while the number of apertures appears variable within genera and even single species. Seven out of the 12 investigated genera, as currently circumscribed, are matched by palynological data:Anchusella, Borago, Brunnera, Elizaldia, Lithodora, Symphytum andTrachystemon. On account of aperture shape,Lithodora is however closer to theLithospermeae than to theBoragineae. Other genera, and in particularNonea, show a wide variation in tectum ornamentation, shape of grains and number of apertures. Palynological data do not support a broad concept of the genusAnchusa, and point to the autonomy of the ‘satellite’ generaHormuzakia, Gastrocotyle, Phyllocara, Pentaglottis andCynoglottis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988912
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Integration of Pythium nunn and Trichoderma harzianum isolate T-95 for the biological control of Pythium damping-off of cucumber (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 121 (1990), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): biological control ; cucumber ; Cucumis sativus ; Pythium damping-off ; Pythium nunn ; Pythium ultimum ; Trichoderma harzianum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Two biological control agents, Pythium nunn and Trichoderma harzianum isolate T-95, were combined to reduce Pythium damping-off of cucumber in greenhouse experiments lasting 3–4 weeks. T. harzianum T-95, a rhizosphere competent mutant, was applied to seeds and P. nunn was applied to pasteurized and raw soils naturally and artificially infested with Pythium ultimum. Some treatments were also amended with bean leaves to enhance the activity of P. nunn. The biological control of Pythium damping-off was evaluated in a Colorado soil (Nunn sandy loam) and an Oregon soil mix, which were replanted twice after 2 and 3 months. Interactions between P. nunn and T-95 were detected in the Colorado but not the Oregon soil. No consistent evidence of antagonism between P. nunn and T. harzianum was seen, and significant interactions were detected in the Colorado, but not the Oregon soil. In the first planting of some treatments, the combination of P. nunn and T. harzianum gave greater control of damping-off than either applied alone. P. nunn was most effective in soils that were pasteurized or amended with bean leaves. T. harzianum controlled Pythium damping-off in the Colorado, but not the Oregon soil. In both soils, disease declined over time in treatments amended with bean leaves but without P. nunn or T. harzianum added. This suppression was greater in the Colorado soil, which contained an indigenous population of P. nunn. This work demonstrates that two compatible biological control agents can be combined to give additional control of a soil-borne plant pathogen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012318
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological properties of some nitrogen-fixing associative enterobacteria (1998)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 202 (1998), S. 49-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): AP PCR ; Erwinia ; Klebsiella ; nitrogen-fixing bacteria ; phytopathogenicity ; ribosomal DNA ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Enterobacteria isolates from potato tubers were able to fix nitrogen, to protect plants against phytopathogens and to produce phytohormones thus increasing the plant yield. These isolates were previously phenotypically identified as Erwinia carotovora; however, they differed from typical E. carotovora in a number of biological characteristics and were found to be nonphytopathogenic (avirulent) due to the lack of pectate lyase activity. A data matrix, containing 31 strains and 105 biological characteristics was used for computer cluster analysis. The avirulent strains formed a separate cluster more closely related to Klebsiella spp. strains (with a 0.67 level of similarity) than to typical phytopathogenic bacteria of the E. carotovora group (with a 0.48 level of similarity). A phylogenetic analysis based on restriction polymorphisms of an amplified ribosomal DNA spacer region revealed that the avirulent strains studied here were different from all Erwinia, Klebsiella and other enterobacteria species strains. The AP PCR/hybridization technique showed cross homology of amplified DNA of these avirulent strains and a lack of such homology with the DNA from strains of other species. Numerical taxonomy data, rDNA analysis and AP PCR/hybridization assays confirmed that these avirulent bacteria may be regarded as an independent group of enterobacteria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004356431849
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variability among strains ofTrichoderma harzianum in their ability to reduce take-all and to produce pyrones (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 122 (1990), S. 287-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): biological control ; Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici ; take-all ; Trichoderma harzianum ; T. koningii ; T. hamatum ; pyrones ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Antagonism tests on agar-plates and glasshouse screening indicated that three isolates ofTrichoderma harzianum varied in their ability to antagonize the take-all fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici). Isolate 71 which was the most effective in suppressing take-all of wheat, produced two pyrones and other undetermined analogues. Isolates ofT. koningii andT. hamatum shown to suppress take-all, produced a simple pyrone compound. AlthoughT. harzianum isolates 70 and 73 did not produce any pyrones, they reduced the disease albeit to a much lesser extent than isolate 71; with isolate 73 showing distinct host growth promotion effects. It is proposed that the success of isolate 71 ofT. harzianum was related to the pyrones it produces and that the ability of isolates 70 and 73 to reduce take-all may be related to mechanisms other than those involving antibiotics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02444244
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In situ visualization of the biocontrol rhizobacterium Enterobacter cloacae with bioluminescence (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 125 (1990), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): biological control ; bioluminescence ; Enterobacter cloacae ; lettuce ; Pythium ultimum ; rhizosphere
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Plasmid pUCD607 was mobilized into the biocontrol agent Enterobacter cloacae strain E6 by conjugation and the resultant strain, E6(pUCD607), was bioluminescent. Biocontrol of Pythium ultimum by E6(pUCD607) was similar to that of the parent strain, E6. The location of E6(pUCD607) in the soil and in the rhizosphere of lettuce was readily determined by pressing agar medium against plant roots in a root box, allowing the bacteria to grow overnight on the medium, and detecting the presence of bioluminescence by autophotography. There was a positive, linear correlation between population sizes determined by dilution plating and the quantity of light emitted due to bioluminescence. However, both the intercept and slope of this line varied among experiments possibly due to the differing physiological states of cells recovered from soils. The amount of light emitted by the bioluminescent strain E6(pUCD607) was not quantitative. This technique is useful for qualitative determinations of populations and for photographically locating bacteria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010661
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological control of bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum in India with antagonistic bacteria (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 124 (1990), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): antibiosis ; bacterization ; biological control ; bacterial wilt ; Bacillus spp. ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Pseudomonas solanacearum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract From among 125 strains of fluorescent and 52 strains of nonfluorescent bacteria initially screened in the laboratory for their antibiosis towards the bacterial wilt pathogen, Pseudomonas solanacearum, strain Pfcp of Pseudomonas fluorescens and strains B33 and B36 of Bacillus spp., were chosen and evaluated further in greenhouse and field tests. Pfcp treated banana (Musa balbisiana), eggplant and tomato plants were protected from wilt upto 50, 61 and 95% in greenhouse and upto 50, 49 and 36% respectively in field. Protection afforded by the Bacillus strains was lower. In bacteria-treated plants which were subsequently inoculated with P. solanacearum plant height and biomass values increased and were close to those of nontreated and noninoculated control plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010938
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RFLP analysis of a PCR amplified region of chloroplast DNA in eggplant and related Solanum species (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 102 (1998), S. 295-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): chloroplast DNA ; eggplant ; PCR ; RFLP ; Solanum ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract RFLP analysis of a PCR amplified 3.2-kbp region of cpDNA bounded by the conserved sequences in rbc L and ORF 106 was performed in eggplant (Solanum melongena), its related Solanum species, S. incanum, S. virginianum (= S. surattense), S. torvum, S. aethiopicum (= S. gilo), S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium), S. violaceum (= S. indicum), S. violaceum (= S. sanitwongsei) and S. mammosum and the reciprocal hybrids between S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium) and S. melongena 'Uttara'. The target region of cpDNA was amplified correctly by PCR. The amplified products were digested with each of 10 restriction enzymes (Alu I, Ase I, BamH I, Hinf I, Msp I, Rsa I, ScrF I, Sty I, Taq I and Xba I). Variations of restriction patterns among the species were recognized after digesting the amplified products with each of the seven restriction enzymes, Taq I, Alu I, Rsa I, Sty I, Ase I, Hinf I and Xba I. The restriction patterns divided the examined nine species into the following five clusters, 1) S. melongena and S. incanum, 2) S. virginianum (= S. surattense), 3) S. torvum, 4) S. aethiopicum (= S. gilo), S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium), S. violaceum (= S. indicum) and S. violaceum (= S. sanitwongsei) and 5) S. mammosum. The restriction pattern with Alu I in each of the reciprocal hybrids between S. melongena 'Uttara' and S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium) was identical with that of seed parent. The present study demonstrated the availability of the PCR-RFLP analysis of cpDNA for assessing taxonomic relationships and identifying cytoplasmic parentage of interspecific hybrids in eggplant and related Solanum species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018304308608
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Taxonomy of Mexican landraces of maize, Zea mays, based on their resistance to European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 46 (1990), S. 119-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Zea mays ; maize ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; European corn borer ; resistance ; taxonomy ; germplasm ; indigenous land races
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The resistance to the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), of thirty-seven indigenous landraces of Mexican maize was examined. The relationship of resistance and existing taxonomy of maize according to Wellhausen et al., (1952), was subjected to numerical analyses. Variables examined were: seedling DIM-BOA content, the extent of leaf feeding damage by early instar larvae both in the field and in the laboratory, the extent of plant breakage and stalk tunneling by late instar larvae, plant height, and the extent of fungal damage by Gibberella zeae and Ustilago maydis. Significant differences in resistance among the major taxonomic groupings were reflected in the existing taxonomy of maize (Wellhausen et al., 1952). The most resistant landrace grouping was Wellhausen et al.'s Prehistoric Mestizos. Eighty-five percent of a series of modern inbred lines, pools, and Argentine landraces were found to have affinities with one of the more susceptible groupings, the Ancient Indigenous Races, based upon analysis of the resistance data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022305
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Moina weismanni Ishikawa, 1896 (Cladocera, Moinidae) in Central Europe (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 190 (1990), S. 33-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Crustacea ; Cladocera ; Moinidae ; M. weismanni ; taxonomy ; Central Europe
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Moina weismanni Ishikawa is reported from Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia. The species was formerly synonymized with Moina micrura Kurz, based on parthenogenotic females. In both species, parthenogenetic females have a characteristic postabdomen, antennules (characters formerly regarded as typical for a variety of M. micrura), and ephippium. Wales are quite different. Examined populations of both species are similar in length-to-width ratio. M. weismanni is typical for small, eutrophic but permanent, and for large temporary water bodies. M. micrura is restricted to the plankton.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020685
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) hispanica sp. nov., a new daphnid (Cladocera) from Spain (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 194 (1990), S. 149-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) ; hispanica ; morphology ; taxonomy ; ecology ; Spain
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Daphnia (C.) hispanica n. sp. has thoracic limbs of A ‘D. (C.) atkinsoni type’ and is very similar toD. chevreuxi Richard, 1896. With this speciesD. (C.) hispanica shares the presence of a soft accessory seta on the outer side of the trunk of the first thoracic limb, apparently unique among the genusDaphnia. Although other morphological characteristics are very similar in this two species, a detailed comparison reveals that they can easily be separated as different species. The most useful features in differentiating both species are:D. (C.) hispanica has a dorsal crest in the head, its rostrum is longer, its accesory seta of the first thoracic limb is more developed, the juveniles are not helmeted and its male postabdomen lacks individual denticles on the anal and preanal margin. The new species is, up to now, restricted to Spain and inhabits the temporary and low mineralized waters of the steppe regions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028416
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Encentrum (Parencentrum) walterkostei n. sp., a new dicranophorid rotifer (Rotatoria: Monogononta) from the high alpine zone of the Central Alps (Austria) (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 281 (1990), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Encentrum ; Dicranophoridae ; alpine rotifers ; psammon ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new dicranophorid rotifer, Encentrum (Parencentrum) walterkostei n.sp., is described from an oligotrophic alpine lake. The species was abundant in the psammolittoral of the ‘Unterer Schwarzhornsee’, 2543 m above sea level. The main distinguishing taxonomic features of the new species are long, swordshaped toes and only four vitellary nuclei. Its known occurrence in the sandy substrate of only one lake suggests a stenobiontic nature of this apparently oligothermic new species. Taxonomic problems associated with the Encentrum/Dicranophorus group are briefly discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006555
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On a new species of Keratella (Rotifera: Monogononta: Brachionidae) (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 287-388 (1998), S. 35-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Rotifera ; Keratella trapezoida n. sp. ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new species of planktonic rotifer, Keratella trapezoida n. sp. is described from the Yangtze River, P.R. China. The new morphospecies is characterized by its four enclosed dorsal median facets, nearly trapezoid shape of the first median facet on dorsal plate, and the caudal median facet with parallel margins and being open posteriorly.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017000617930
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Taxonomic status of Oryza glumaepatula Steud. I. Comparative morphological studies of New World diploids and Asian AA genome species (1998)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 45 (1998), S. 197-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Schlagwort(e): multivariate analysis ; Oryza ; O. glumaepatula ; O. nivara ; O. rufipogon ; taxonomy ; wild rices
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract This study was carried out to clarify the taxonomic status of the New World diploid wild rice species, Oryza glumaepatula. The morphological variation of 26 diploid rice accessions in the International Rice Genebank at IRRI from South America and Cuba was compared with that of O. rufipogon and O. nivara from Asia. The 28 morphological characters included 16 spikelet and grain, eight leaf and culm, and four panicle characters, and were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis. The first two principal components accounted for 53.6% of the total variation. The first component was characterized by leaf and sterile lemma characters, 5-panicle dry weight, and grain length, and the second by anther length and its ratio to grain length, grain width, thickness, and 20-hulled grain weight. The characters effectively differentiated the wild rices from Surinam, French Guiana, and the lower Amazon River basin in Brazil, which showed high negative scores along both axes, from other accessions from Venezuela, Colombia, and Cuba, and the Asian species. Most of the accessions from South America are quite distinct from O. rufipogon, with which they have often been grouped as a single species in some taxonomic treatments. Groupings obtained from cluster analysis corresponded closely with the results from PCA. This study supports a distinct taxonomic status of a group of diploid wild rices from South America as O. glumaepatula.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008682316449
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Contribution to our knowledge of the Taxonomy of discoidal centric diatoms based upon observations of populations from the River Thames, England (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 190 (1990), S. 15-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): freshwater ; River Thames ; centric diatoms ; key ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Centric diatoms collected from the River Thames at Kingston have been separated into ‘types’ (N.B. this term has no nomenclatural or taxonomic implication in this context), the cleaned frustules of which are visibly different when examined by light microscopy. An attempt has been made to correlate observations obtained by light microscopy, stereoscan and transmission electron microscopy, and to make detailed comparisons with descriptions in the literature. Some of the ‘types’ can be referred to known species while others, especially those referable to the genus Stephanodiscus, are more debatable. It is concluded that the separation of discoidal celled centric diatoms into ‘types’ visibly different by light microscopy is a valid basis for the ecological investigation of these planktonic diatoms, even though some of these ‘types’ probably represent morphotypes rather than separate species. A key to the centric diatoms from the Thames is presented together with tabulated characteristics upon which the key is based.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020684
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new species of hemibranchiate sphaeromatid isopod of the genus Paracilicaea from Pakistan with the study of developmental stages of the male (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 199 (1990), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Isopoda ; taxonomy ; new species ; intertical rocky habitat ; Pakistan Coast ; development of male ; dimorphism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new species, Paracilicaea keijii, of hemibranchiate sphaeromatid isopod is described and illustrated from the rocky intertidal zone of Karachi Coast, Pakistan. Four developmental stages of male are described in detail with the help of illustrations. The relationship of P. keijii sp. nov. with two closely allied species and genus Paracilicaea Stebbing, 1910 with Cymodoce Leach, 1814 are discussed. Attention has also been paid to sexual dimorphism of the species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007830
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Restriction enzyme analysis of variation and taxonomy in the kelp genus Laminaria (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 204-205 (1990), S. 105-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Laminaria ; molecular biology ; seaweed ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract High levels of phenotypic variation in kelp species necessitate the use of taxonomic markers that are independent of morphology. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of nuclear DNA can provide such markers. In this paper we present the results of an RFLP analysis of cytoplasmic ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in three Laminaria species (L. agardhii, L. digitata, L. groenlandica). Comparison of the restriction maps of the nontranscribed spacer (NTS) in the rDNAs suggests that this method should be useful for the differentiation of these taxa. These results are discussed, as are the applications of RFLP mapping to the identification of field-collected, morphologically variable plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040221
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Taxonomy of phyllophoroid algae: the implications of life history (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 204-205 (1990), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Ahnfeltia ; Gymnogongrus ; life history ; Phyllophora ; Phyllophoraceae ; Rhodophyta ; seaweed ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Phyllophoraceae Rabenhorst (Gigartinales) is a family that shows a great diversity of life history patterns. The three largest phyllophoroid genera, Ahnfeltia, Gymnogongrus and Phyllophora, all commercial sources of phycocolloids, show the greatest range of life history. Information from life history studies has been of significance to classification of the Phyllophoraceae at the family, generic and specific levels. In the tetrasporophyte of Ahnfeltia plicata, previously known as Porphyrodiscus simulans, tetrasporangia are zonate and borne terminally in small superficial sori in contrast to the chains of cruciate tetrasporangia characteristic of the Phyllophoraceae. A study of reproduction and life history in the type species, A. plicata, from the Atlantic concluded that the unique carposporophyte development, in conjunction with the most primitive pit-plug structure known in the Florideophycidae, justified the proposal of a new family Ahnfeltiaceae Maggs et Pueschel in the Ahnfeltiales Maggs et Pueschel. Most Pacific species of Ahnfeltia are instead phyllophoracean and closely related to Gymnogongrus. Gymnogongrus griffithsiae, the type species, forms tetrasporoblasts whereas the majority form internal cystocarps and have heteromorphic life histories. Proposals to divide the genus by life history type require further detailed morphological and ontogenetic studies of G. griffithsiae. Phyllophora species exhibit at least three different types of life history, tetrasporoblastic, isomorphic and heteromorphic, and this genus could likewise be split along these lines. At the specific level, intraspecific life history variability appears to be related to morphological variation in some species of Gymnogongrus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040223
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An analysis of taxonomic studies on Rotifera: a case study (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 287-388 (1998), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): taxonomy ; evaluation ; Rotifera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Results are presented of a historical analysis of taxonomic research on Rotifera, as reflected by the case of α-taxonomy of Lecanidae and Dicranophoridae. The number of available names established, as well as the fraction presently considered valid are counted per decade. Two peak periods in taxonomic research are revealed, viz. a minor one in the last decades of the 19th century, and a major one in the 1920s–1930s. Especially work published during the second period contains a high proportion of names that are currently considered valid. The second half of the 20th century witnessed a decrease in quantity, but also in quality of taxonomic research. The basic cause for this is probably the typological approach to a group exhibiting high intraspecific morphological variability, but also poor taxonomic education, as reflected by a high incidence of insufficient descriptions, and poor knowledge of the rules governing zoological nomenclature, are of incisive importance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017038510004
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cross-mating tests re-discovered: a tool to assess species boundaries in rotifers (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 287-388 (1998), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): behavior ; mating ; evolution ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The recent isolation of a mate recognition pheromone in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Müller has shed new light on the mate recognition system of rotifers. One result is improved understanding of the importance of mating behavior as a highly efficient process used by rotifers to choose conspecifics. There are many differences in the main characteristics of mating behavior in members of five different families of rotifers. The present work describes the use of these characteristics to assess species boundaries, especially where boundaries between two or more species are unclear. The method proposed here can assess quantitatively the response of males of one species to females of a questionable taxon by measuring the percentage of matings initiated and the number of completed copulations. The data generated can then be used together with molecular, morphological, and other data to determine the species boundaries. This approach can help distinguish between morphological differences resulting from evolutionary divergence of species and morphological differences induced by environmental or ecological factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017005602735
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The contribution of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) to the biological control of Netofa reservoirs (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 191 (1990), S. 47-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): silver carp ; biological control ; algae ; zooplankton ; organic matter
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract When silver carp were introduced into the Netofa reservoirs at an initial density of 300–4500 fish per hectare in order to control phytoplankton and zooplankton, there was a significant reduction of algae, zooplankton, and suspended organic matter; the silver carp prevents the growth of blue-green algae. Annual yield ranged from 600 to 1500 kg per hectare. The growth of individual fish after 6 to 8 years was 6 to 15 kg per fish. Introducing silver carp to reservoirs as a means of biological control creates a balanced ecological system in which the interspecific competition is minimal and the environmental improvements are considerable. Silver carp and bottom-feeding fish create a positive synergism in the water-body by filtering phytoplankton and zooplankton from the water, excreting a major part of it to the bottom and enriching it with organic matter suitable for zoobenthos.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026038
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On Pentacoelum hispaniensis, a marine triclad from Spanish freshwater (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola) (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 199 (1990), S. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Tricladida ; Maricola ; Pentacoelum hispaniensis ; taxonomy ; ecology ; biogeography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The marine triclad Pentacoelum hispaniensis is known from a freshwater biotope near Valencia, Spain. Preliminary results suggest a diploid complement of 12 chromosomes for the species. A historical scenario is presented for the occurrence of P. fucoideum in the Caspian Sea and the Baltic Sea, and for the presence of P. hispaniensis in the Mediterranean.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005602
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Marine Oligochaeta of Jiaozhou Bay, Yellow Sea coast of China (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 202 (1990), S. 107-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): marine Oligochaeta ; Tubificidae ; Naididae ; Enchytraeidae ; Megascolecidae ; taxonomy ; biogeography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Sixteen species of marine Oligochaeta (8 Tubificidae, 1 Naididae, 6 Enchytraeidae, 1 Megascolecidae) are recorded from the Qingdao area, at about 36° N on the Chinese Yellow Sea coast. Taxonomic remarks are given for most species, of which none appears new to science. Limnodriloides victoriensis Brinkhurst & Baker and Enchytraeus kincaidi Eisen, previously known from the Northeast Pacific, are described from Asia for the first time. These, as well as Monopylephorus rubroniveus Levinsen and a Lumbricillus sp., are interpreted as members of a temperate fauna, while all the remaining species have previously been reported from Hong Kong (at about 22° N) and thus are regarded as subtropical/tropical forms in the Yellow Sea.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027096
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Marine Oligochaeta of Jiaozhou Bay, Yellow Sea coast of China (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 202 (1990), S. 107-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): marine Oligochaeta ; Tubificidae ; Naididae ; Enchytraeidae ; Megascolecidae ; taxonomy ; biogeography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Sixteen species of marine Oligochaeta (8 Tubificidae, 1 Naididae, 6 Enchytraeidae, 1 Megascolecidae) are recorded from the Qingdao area, at about 36° N on the Chinese Yellow Sea coast. Taxonomic remarks are given for most species, of which none appears new to science.Limnodriloides victoriensis Brinkhurst & Baker andEnchytraeus kincaidi Eisen, previously known from the Northeast Pacific, are described from Asia for the first time. These, as well asMonopylephorus rubroniveus Levinsen and aLumbricillus sp., are interpreted as members of a temperate fauna, while all the remaining species have previously been reported from Hong Kong (at about 22° N) and thus are regarded as subtropical/tropical forms in the Yellow Sea.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02208131
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Desmids from Guma Valley (Sierra Leone, West Africa) (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 208 (1990), S. 235-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): desmids ; Africa ; taxonomy ; Staurastrum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Twenty-two taxa of desmids are reported from a pool near Guma Valley (Sierra Leone). Six are new to the country. A new variety of Staurastrum hystrix (S. hystrix var. granulatum) is described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007788
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ilyocryptus smirnovi n. sp. (Branchiopoda, Anomopoda) – a new member of the species group Ilyocryptus brevidentatus s. lat. from Australia (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 380 (1998), S. 127-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Ilyocryptus ; Anomopoda ; new species ; taxonomy ; Australia ; Queensland
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract All representatives of the genus Ilyocryptus with short lateral setae at the postanal margin of the postabdomen may be separated into the compact species group I. brevidentatus s. lat. A new species of Ilyocryptus from this group is described from the Lake Numalla, Queensland, Australia. I. smirnovi n. sp. shows clear morphological differences in the armature of the valve, postabdomen, and several other structures, from all other species of the group. Differences between members of the above-mentioned species group are analogous with those between European species, listed by Štifter (1991).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003296302957
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Taxonomic remarks on planktonic phytoflagellates in a hypertrophic tropical lagoon (Brazil) (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 369-370 (1998), S. 297-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): planktonic phytoflagellates ; taxonomy ; seasonality ; hypertrophic brackish water ; tropical coastal lagoon ; Brazil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The phototrophic flagellate flora of the Barra Lagoon (22°57′ S and 42°47′ W), Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil, is described. The lagoon is a shallow, oligohaline, hypertrophic ecosystem in which Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and phytoflagellates are dominant. Between October 1990 and August 1993, weekly integrated samples were collected from a bay, using a plexiglass tube, 8 cm diameter and 1m length. All identifications, descriptions and measurements were carried out on live or in Lugol-fixed material. A total of 30 taxa, belonging to Euglenophyceae (5), Cryptophyceae (7), Raphidophyceae (1), Dinophyceae (4), Chrysophyceae (3), Prymnesiophyceae (2), Prasinophyceae (7) and Chlorophyceae (1) were identified. All the phytoflagellate species identified have been recorded previously from temperate sites. Nine of them were registered in a tropical water for the first time, suggesting that they have much broader distributions. Gymnodinium sanguineum, Pavlova lutheri and Pyramimonas grossii were the most frequently observed phytoflagellates in this study. The seasonal occurrence and some environmental requirements of selected phytoflagellates species are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017097826410
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new species of Ancorabolidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from the Beagle channel (Chile) (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 379 (1998), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Arthropsyllus australis sp. n. ; Ancorabolidae ; taxonomy ; South America ; Chile
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new species of the family Ancorabolidae Sars, 1909 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida), Arthropsyllus australis sp. n. was collected 1994 during 'Magellan Campaign' of RV 'Victor Hensen' and is described in the present paper. Its inclusion in the genus Arthropsyllus Sars, 1909 is justified by the diagnostic characters of the genus: lack of any dorsal or dorsolateral well-developed processes, body slightly depressed dorsoventrally, body somites with lateral epimeres except cephalothorax and last two abdominal somites. A. australis sp. n. differs from Arthropsyllus serratus Sars, 1909 in the shape of the rostrum, in having moderately-sized sensilla-bearing dorsal and dorsolateral projections on cephalothorax and body somites, and in several differences on mandible, maxillule, maxilla and swimming legs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003204621613
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The freshwater crab fauna (Crustacea: Brachyura) of the Philippines. V. On a new genus and species of potamid from Palawan island, Philippines (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 379 (1998), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Potamidae ; Carpomon pomulum ; taxonomy ; new genus ; new species ; Philippines
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new genus and new species of terrestrial potamid crab ( Carpomon pomulum) is described from the island of Palawan in the Philippines. This new genus can easily be distinguished from all other Philippine potamids in its smooth and inflated carapace, no trace of an epibranchial tooth, extremely low postorbital cristae, and stout and twisted male first gonopod.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003462104099
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Free-living marine nematodes of shrimp culture ponds in Thailand. I. New species of the genera Diplolaimella and Thalassomonhystera (Monhysteridae) and Theristus (Xyalidae) (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 379 (1998), S. 123-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Marine nematodes ; Diplolaimella thailandica ; Thalassomonhystera siamensis ; Theristus (Penzancia) longisetifer ; new species ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Three new species belonging to the genera Diplolaimella and Thalassomonhystera of the family Monhysteridae and Theristus of the family Xyalidae are described from shrimp culture ponds near mangrove zones of Khung Kraben Bay, Thailand. Diplolaimella thailandica sp. n. resembles D. dievengatensis but differs from it by features of the ratios b and V, and size of the spicules and tail of the male. Thalassomonhystera siamensis sp. n. resembles T. diplops but differs from it in features of the amphids, ocelli, cloaca and gubernaculum. Theristus (Penzancia) longisetifer sp. n. resembles T. flevensis, T. ambronensis, T. macroflevensis, and T. pratti but differs from them in features of the cervical setae, ventral supplement of the male and others.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003489929579
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Redescription and taxonomic status of Sinodiaptomus valkanovi , a common limnoplanktonic calanoid copepod in Japan, with comparison to the closely related S. sarsi (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 379 (1998), S. 159-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Calanoid copepod ; taxonomy ; Sinodiaptomus valkanovi ; S. sarsi ; limnoplankton ; Japan
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The limnoplanktonic calanoid copepod Sinodiaptomus valkanovi (Diaptomidae: Diaptominae) is redescribed in detail from Japan, where it commonly occurs in ponds and reservoirs especially around the Seto Inland Sea. The species has been referred to as a subspecies of S. sarsi outside Japan due to lack of subsequent morphological comparisons. Sinodiaptomus valkanovi is easily distinguishable from S. sarsi by having longer antennules in both sexes, a short projection on the right antennule segment 15 of the male, and a thumb-like posterodistal basal projection of the male left leg 5. These characters do not show significant variation, indicating differentiation at the species level. S. valkanovi is restricted to Japan, in contrast to the wide-range of it S. sarsi in Asian waters. The Bulgarian population, from which the species was originally described, and the North American population, which was formerly recorded as S. sarsi, are considered to have been introduced from Japan with aquatic plants such as water lilies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003435701993
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rotifer diversity in a central Mexican pond (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 387-388 (1998), S. 47-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Mexico ; Rotifera ; new record ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A survey of rotifers from a small pond (less than 2 ha in area and 3 m deep), located at Kilometer 28 in the federal highway Ixtlahuaca-Jilotepec (19° 49′ 13″ N, 99° 42′ 22″ W) at an altitude of 2503 m above sea level, resulted in a total of 78 species. From these, 20 are new records for Mexico. This study confirms the presence of some of the rotifer species listed only in earlier studies. Comments on some species are made from a zoogeographical point of view.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017008918839
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cross-mating tests re-discovered: a tool to assess species boundaries in rotifers (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 387-388 (1998), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): behavior ; mating ; evolution ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The recent isolation of a mate recognition pheromone in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Müller has shed new light on the mate recognition system of rotifers. One result is improved understanding of the importance of mating behavior as a highly efficient process used by rotifers to choose conspecifics. There are many differences in the main characteristics of mating behavior in members of five different families of rotifers. The present work describes the use of these characteristics to assess species boundaries, especially where boundaries between two or more species are unclear. The method proposed here can assess quantitatively the response of males of one species to females of a questionable taxon by measuring the percentage of matings initiated and the number of completed copulations. The data generated can then be used together with molecular, morphological, and other data to determine the species boundaries. This approach can help distinguish between morphological differences resulting from evolutionary divergence of species and morphological differences induced by environmental or ecological factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017005602735
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An analysis of taxonomic studies on Rotifera: a case study (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 387-388 (1998), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): taxonomy ; evaluation ; Rotifera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Results are presented of a historical analysis of taxonomic research on Rotifera, as reflected by the case of α-taxonomy of Lecanidae and Dicranophoridae. The number of available names established, as well as the fraction presently considered valid are counted per decade. Two peak periods in taxonomic research are revealed, viz. a minor one in the last decades of the 19th century, and a major one in the 1920s–1930s. Especially work published during the second period contains a high proportion of names that are currently considered valid. The second half of the 20th century witnessed a decrease in quantity, but also in quality of taxonomic research. The basic cause for this is probably the typological approach to a group exhibiting high intraspecific morphological variability, but also poor taxonomic education, as reflected by a high incidence of insufficient descriptions, and poor knowledge of the rules governing zoological nomenclature, are of incisive importance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017038510004
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RAPD technique for taxonomic studies of Pellia epiphylla‐complex (Hepaticae, Metzgeriales) (1998)
    Springer
    Genetica 104 (1998), S. 179-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Schlagwort(e): genus Pellia ; liverworts ; RAPD ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to study the genomic relationships of three liverworts from the genus Pellia: P. epiphylla, P. borealis and P. neesiana. Altogether 150 characters (150 DNA fragments obtained using PCR) were scored. These characters were used to create a matrix of pairwise distances between all the pairs of taxa. Both distance (UPGMA, Fitch–Margoliash and Neighbor–Joining) and binary character‐state (Wagner and Camin‐Sokal parsimony and compatibility) methods were applied for trees' construction. Our results strongly support distinction of the recently discovered sibling species of P. epiphylla – species N and P. epiphylla – species S, which have an allopatric distribution in Poland (N – North, S – South Poland). Moreover, our data also supports the hypothesis of a hybrid origin (alloploid) of the polyploid P. borealis from P.epiphylla−N×P.epiphylla−S. P. neesiana was excluded as a donor of either of the genomes of P. borealis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003584905461
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anomopoda (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from some Venezuelan tepuis (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 377 (1998), S. 205-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Crustacea ; Branchiopoda ; Anomopoda ; Alona rusticoides n. sp. ; taxonomy ; Venezuela ; 'Cladocera'
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Seven anomnopodan species were recorded from top of Roraima and Ptari tepuis. Alona rusticoides is new species and Acroperus sp., Alonella cf. excisa and Paralona pigra seem to be different from species described from Europe.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003260602055
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Semiochemicals and learning in parasitoids (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3119-3135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Learning ; odor ; semiochemicals ; parasitoid ; biological control ; Leptopilina heterotoma ; Hymenoptera ; Eucoilidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract There is increasing evidence that parasitoid responses to semiochemicals, important stimuli in the host location process, are influenced by experience. This paper focuses on the role of learning, in particular associative learning, in responses to odors. Emphasis is placed on associative learning during the adult stage, the influence of preadult experience is discussed briefly. New data on learning in the speciesLeptopilina heterotoma are given. It is demonstrated that females can learn to respond to a novel odor, which they subsequently use in microhabitat selection. Learning was shown to be associative whereby host products (contact kairomone) or an oviposition experience could function as the reinforcers (reward). The effect of learning seemed stronger when parasitoids were rewarded with an oviposition experience. The paper concludes with a discussion on the application of parasitoid learning in pest management.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00979615
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Response of parasitoidEucelatoria bryani to selected plant material in an olfactometer (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 499-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Behavior ; biological control ; Eucelatoria bryani ; Diptera ; Tachinidae ; parasitoid ; habitat selection ; semiochemical ; Heliothis spp ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The response of the parasitoidEucelatoria bryani Sabrosky to fresh plant material and several plant extracts was examined in an olfactometer. The plants tested can serve as a food source for hosts (Heliothis spp.) of the parasitoid. Females responded positively to 13 of the 19 fresh plant tissues tested, and all of the extracts tested. Males responded to only two of the fresh plant tissues and to none of the extracts. The significance of plant variety, morphology, and phenology on the host habitat-selection behavior of this parasitoid is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021781
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Olfactory Responses of Parasitoid Apoanagyrus lopezi to Odor of Plants, Mealybugs, and Plant–Mealybug Complexes (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 37-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Apoanagyrus lopezi ; Phenacoccus manihoti ; cassava ; biological control ; resistance ; olfactometer ; herbivore-induced synomones ; volatile chemicals
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Apoanagyrus (Epidinocarsis) lopezi De Santis is an endoparasitoid used in the biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero in Africa. The response of naive and mated females of A. lopezi to odors from cassava plant (var. Zanaga), parasitized or unparasitized mealybugs, and plant–mealybug host complexes with or without feeding hosts was investigated in a Y-tube olfactometer. Dual-choice tests revealed that mealybug-infested plants and mealybug-damaged plants were the major sources of volatiles that attract female parasitoids to the microhabitat of its hosts. The emission of volatile chemicals appears not to be limited to the infested plant part but to occur systemically throughout the plant. On their own, unparasitized mealybugs were more attractive than uninfested plants or parasitized mealybugs alone. Parasitization of P. manihoti by A. lopezi decreased the response of parasitoids to mealybugs or mealybug–plant complexes. Plants infested with unparasitized hosts attracted more female parasitoids than plants infested with parasitized mealybugs. These results indicate that, in the long-range host-searching process, females of A. lopezi respond mainly to mealybug-induced synomones, and specific host-derived cues play a minor role.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022332711331
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Suppressive Impact of Glucosinolates in Brassica Vegetative Tissues on Root Lesion Nematode Pratylenchus neglectus (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 67-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica ; Pratylenchus neglectus ; nematode ; biological control ; suppression ; glucosinolate ; isothiocyanate ; aliphatic ; 2-phenylethyl ; nematicide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The potential of tissue amendments from a variety of wild and cultivated Brassica spp. to kill the root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus neglectus) in soil was assessed in laboratory experiments. Soil amended with leaf tissues was highly nematicidal, killing 56.2–95.2% of exposed nematodes. Amendment with root tissues was less effective, causing 0–48.3% mortality. Little of the suppressive impact by leaf tissues could be related to either total contents or any individual glucosinolate as determined by HPLC analysis. While the levels of total glucosinolates within root amendments had a nonsignificant relationship to nematode mortality, levels of 2-phenylethyl glucosinolate within root amendments significantly correlated with nematode suppression (P 〈 0.001). Amendment of soils with equimolar levels of purified 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate resulted in comparable levels of nematode mortality, suggesting that 2-phenylethyl glucosinolate has a role in the suppressive impact of Brassica spp. root tissues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022336812240
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inhibition of Water Fern Salvinia minima by Cattail (Typha domingensis) Extracts and by 2-Chlorophenol and Salicylaldehyde (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 1483-1490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Aquatic plant ; bioassay ; biological control ; phenolic compounds ; phytotoxicity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The allelopathic potential of a cattail species (Typha domingensis) towards the common water fern (Salvinia minima) was studied in a short-term bioassay. Aqueous extracts of cattail plants (roots, stems, and leaves) as well as two of its phenolic compounds (2-chlorophenol and salicylaldehyde) were found to inhibit the growth of Salvinia when incorporated in the growth medium. After a period of seven days, chlorophyll concentration, fresh weight, dry weight, and number of fronds of Salvinia were compared and correlations were found among the different parameters. The results suggest an inhibitory effect by components of Typha, especially of the root fractions. Results from pure chemicals are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with those obtained from the cattail extracts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020955615868
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Disease suppression and crop improvement through fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from cultivated soils (1998)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 14 (1998), S. 735-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Schlagwort(e): Antibiosis ; biological control ; disease suppression ; fluorescent pseudomonads ; Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris ; PGPR ; root colonization ; seed bacterization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Three fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from rhizosphere/rhizoplane of crop plants showed in vitro antibiosis against seven fungal and two bacterial plant pathogens on iron-deficient KB medium. Seed bacterization of chick- pea (Cicer arientinum L.), egg plant (Solanum melongena L.), soybean (Glycine max Merr.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with these organisms showed an increased seed germination, shoot height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight and yield. Seed bacterization with one of these strains, RB 8, reduced the number of chick-pea wilted plants in wilt-sick (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris) soil. Addition of iron into the soil eliminated the disease suppression. The disease suppression and/or growth enhancement along with the positive root colonization by these organisms indicate their possible use as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)/biocontrol agents against chick-pea wilt.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008822200618
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Short Communication: Cloning of genes involved in the antifungalactivity of a fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. (1998)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 14 (1998), S. 939-941 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Schlagwort(e): Antifungal toxin ; biological control ; Pseudomonads
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract The molecular basis of antifungal toxin production by a fluorescent Pseudomonas strain EM 85 was studied. The bacterial strain showed in vitro inhibition of growth of Rhizoctonia solani. NTG mutagenesis of the wild type strain helped in the isolation of a antifungal-toxin-defective mutant AN 21. A genomic library of the wild type strain was constructed in the cosmid vector pLAFR 1 and maintained in an E. coli background. Complementation analysis with cosmid library resulted in the isolation of a cosmid clone which complemented the defective character in the mutant AN 21. The size of the complementing DNA fragment was found to be 23.5kb.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008829229389
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Name changes in fungi of microbiological, industrial and medical importance (1990)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 111 (1990), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Aleurisma carnis ; Amylomyces rouxii ; Aureobasidium pullulans ; Chrysosporium thermophilum ; Corynascus heterothallicus ; Dactylaria gallopava ; Diplorhinotrichum gallopavum ; Geomyces pannorum ; Hansenula ; Mucor rouxii ; Myceliophthora thermophila ; name changes ; Ochroconis gallopava ; Phoma herbarum ; Phoma pigmentivora ; Phoma violacea ; Pichia ; Pullularia pullulans ; Rhizopus arrhizus ; Rhizopus oryzae ; Sporendonema epizoum ; Sporendonema sebi ; Sporothrix schenckii ; Sporotrichum carnis ; Sporotrichum schenckii ; Sporotrichum thermophilum ; taxonomy ; Wallemia sebi
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This is the fourth in a series of reports bringing changes in the names of fungi of microbiological, industrial and medical importance to the attention of workers in these fields. The series is sponsored by the Division of Mycology of the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS) and prepared under the auspices of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF). The first of this series of reports included an introduction to the series explaining the need for name changes [1].
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277309
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The problem of the taxonomy of the fusiform bacillus of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (Vincent's gingivitis) (1990)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 57 (1990), S. 55-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis ; Fusobacterium nucleatum ; Leptotrichia buccalis ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The characteristic microscopic appearance of the fusospirocheatal complex in smears from patients with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis has long been regarded as virtually pathognomonic of the disease. Unfortunately there is considerable confusion surrounding the taxonomy of the fusiform organism in the fusospirochaetal complex. The conflicting views appear to be irreconcilable and a re-evaluation of the taxonomy of oral fusiforms is urgently required.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400337
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Capnobotryella renispora on roof tile (1990)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 58 (1990), S. 265-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): black yeasts ; Capnobotryella renispora ; ecology ; sooty moulds ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Capnobotryella renispora J. Sugiyama is described from a specimen on roof tile and in culture. Its relationship with the black yeasts is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399338
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