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1

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PREDACEOUS COCCINELLIDAE IN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL (1998)

Obrycki, John J. ; Kring, Timothy J.

Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews

Annual Review of Entomology 43 (1998), S. 295-321

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ISSN: 0066-4170

Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Coccinellids have been widely used in biological control for over a century, and the methods for using these predators have remained virtually unchanged. The causes for the relatively low rates of establishment of coccinellids in importation biological control have not been examined for most species. Augmentative releases of several coccinellid species are well documented and effective; however, ineffective species continue to be used because of ease of collection. For most agricultural systems, conservation techniques for coccinellids are lacking, even though they are abundant in these habitats. Evaluation techniques are available, but quantitative assessments of the efficacy of coccinellids have not been done for most species in most agricultural crops. Greater emphasis is needed on evaluation, predator specificity, understanding colonization of new environments, and assessment of community-level interactions to maximize the use of coccinellids in biological control.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.295

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2

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Demographic analysis of reproduction in Nearctic and Palearctic populations of Coccinella septempunctataand Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (2000)

Phoofolo, Mpho W. ; Obrycki, John J.

Springer

BioControl 45 (2000), S. 25-43

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ISSN: 1573-8248

Keywords: fecundity ; lady beetles ; parity ; preoviposition period ; repeatability

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Coccinella septempunctata and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata in North America have documented invasive capacity. Studies are needed to identify relevant life-history parameters responsible for their successful spatial spread. This study is a detailed analysis of phenotypic variation in reproductive traits of several Nearctic and Palearctic populations of these two coccinellid species. From 47 to 61% of C. septempunctata females laid their first batch of eggs within the first two weeks of their adult life. Within P. quatuordecimpunctatapopulations, 56 to 83% of females initiated oviposition within 2 weeks. The remaining females either had preoviposition periods 〉 2 weeks or never laid eggs during a 60-day observation period. Analysis of daily fecundity revealed differences in oviposition strategies among females within each population. Repeatability estimates of daily parity for C. septempunctata populations were 0.32 for Iowa (USA), 0.35 for Delaware (USA), 0.28 for France, and 0.33 for Ukraine. Repeatability estimates for P. quatuordecimpunctata populations were 0.35 for Canada, 0.25 for France, and 0.33 for Turkey. The within-female component accounted for most of the variation in daily parity; this was due to female variability in their daily oviposition rates.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009918610088

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3

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Field deposition of Bt transgenic corn pollen: lethal effects on the monarch butterfly (2000)

Hansen Jesse, Laura C. ; Obrycki, John J.

Springer

Oecologia 125 (2000), S. 241-248

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Keywords: Danaus plexippus Bacillus thuringiensis Bt corn Transgenic pollen Risk assessment

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract We present the first evidence that transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn pollen naturally deposited on Asclepias syriaca; common milkweed, in a corn field causes significant mortality of Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Danaidae) larvae. Larvae feeding for 48 h on A. syriaca plants naturally dusted with pollen from Bt corn plants suffered significantly higher rates of mortality at 48 h (20±3%) compared to larvae feeding on leaves with no pollen (3±3%), or feeding on leaves with non-Bt pollen (0%). Mortality at 120 h of D. plexippus larvae exposed to 135 pollen grains/cm2 of transgenic pollen for 48 h ranged from 37 to 70%. We found no sub-lethal effects on D. plexippus adults reared from larvae that survived a 48-h exposure to three concentrations of Bt pollen. Based on our quantification of the wind dispersal of this pollen beyond the edges of agricultural fields, we predict that the effects of transgenic pollen on D. plexippus may be observed at least 10 m from transgenic field borders. However, the highest larval mortality will likely occur on A. syriaca plants in corn fields or within 3 m of the edge of a transgenic corn field. We conclude that the ecological effects of transgenic insecticidal crops need to be evaluated more fully before they are planted over extensive areas.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420000502

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4

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Interactions between an introduced and indigenous coccinellid species at different prey densities (1998)

Obrycki, John J. ; Giles, Kristopher L. ; Ormord, Andrew M.

Springer

Oecologia 117 (1998), S. 279-285

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Keywords: Key words Interspecific interactions ; Competition ; Coccinellidae ; Biological control ; Intraguild predation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Palearctic coccinellid, has established and rapidly spread throughout the United States. This quantitative examination of larval interactions between C. septempunctata and Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Nearctic coccinellid, was conducted under controlled prey densities. Larvae of both coccinellid species are affected by a limited diet [one pea aphid per day Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae)] compared with an excess diet (〉20 aphids per day). Larval survival decreased from 86 to 63% in C. maculata and from 84 to 33% in C. septempunctata; mean preimaginal developmental time increased from 20.6 to 26.7 days in C. maculata, and from 18.1 to 32.0 days in C. septempunctata. Additionally, on one aphid per day, mean adult weight was reduced from 12.39 to 9.79 mg in C. maculata, and from 39.57 to 14.44 mg in C. septempunctata. Interspecific interactions, favoring C. septempunctata over C. maculata at a␣low prey density (one aphid per day), take the form of␣reduced survival of C. maculata compared with C.␣septempunctata (14 versus 66%). Reduced survival of␣C. maculata may be the result of competition for aphids or intraguild predation by C. septempunctata on C.␣maculata. No interspecific interactions (measured as effects on larval survival, preimaginal developmental time, and adult weight) were observed between larvae of these two species at a high prey density (〉20 aphids per predator per day).

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050659

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5

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Potential for intraguild predation and competition among predatory Coccinellidae and Chrysopidae (1998)

Phoofolo, Mpho W. ; Obrycki, John J.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 89 (1998), S. 47-55

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Keywords: Chrysoperla carnea ; Coccinella septempunctata ; Coleomegilla maculata ; Harmonia axyridis ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Acyrthosiphon pisum ; prey suitability ; biological control

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract In a laboratory study two coccinellid species, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) and Harmonia axyridis Pallas, completed preimaginal development on lacewing eggs, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens or pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) in similar times. Preimaginal survival on C. carnea eggs was similar to survival on A. pisum for all stages of C. maculata and H. axyridis. Coccinellid adults that developed on C. carnea eggs were smaller than adults reared on A. pisum. Coccinella septempunctata L. did not complete preimaginal development on C. carnea eggs. Chrysoperla carnea preimaginal developmental time was approximately 20 days when fed either C. maculata eggs or A. pisum. Chrysoperla carnea fed C. maculata eggs developed into smaller adults, compared to adults reared as larvae on A. pisum, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) eggs, or A. pisum alternated daily with O. nubilalis eggs. C. carnea did not complete preimaginal development on H. axyridis eggs. Cannibalism occurred more frequently between C. carnea third instars than between C. maculata fourth instars. When a C. carnea third instar was paired with a C. maculata fourth instar, more C. maculata were preyed upon by C. carnea, regardless of the herbivorous prey density. In the field these two predator species may negatively affect each other and reduce their suppression of pest densities.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003426815471

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6

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Olfactory Reactions of the Twelve-Spotted Lady Beetle, Coleomegilla maculata and the Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea to Semiochemicals Released from Their Prey and Host Plant: Electroantennogram and Behavioral Responses (1999)

Zhu, Junwei ; Cossé, Allard A. ; Obrycki, John J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 1163-1177

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Keywords: Electroantennograms ; dose–response ; trapping test ; corn volatile compound ; aphid sex pheromone ; catnip ; aphid alarm pheromone ; Coleomegilla maculata ; Coccinellidae ; Chrysoperla carnea ; Chrysopidae

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract Electroantennograms (EAGs) were recorded from two predatory insect species, the twelve-spotted lady beetle, Coleomegilla maculata and the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea in response to semiochemicals emitted from one of their prey species, the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum and their host plant. EAG responses were also recorded from C. maculata in response to extracts from individuals of the opposite sex and to extracts from an herbaceous plant, catnip Nepeta cataria. Extracts of catnip and two sex pheromone components of aphids, (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone and (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol, elicited significant EAG responses from the antennae of both predatory species. Of 10 corn volatile compounds tested, C. carnea adults responded most strongly to 2-phenylethanol and (E)-β-farnesene. A significant difference in EAG response to extracts of corn leaf collections was observed between male and female C. carnea. In C. maculata, significant EAG responses were elicited by most of the tested corn volatile compounds, except α-pinene and (E)-2-hexenal. The highest EAG responses were observed in response to (E)-β-farnesene, α-terpineol, 2-phenylethanol, and β-caryophyllene. Sexual differences in EAG responses of C. maculata were only found in response to 1-octen-3-ol. Male antennae of C. maculata produced significant EAG responses to extracts from conspecific females, but not to males, which indicates that some chemicals from females could be involved in sexual communication. A significant EAG response also was recorded in response to the extracts of fluids produced during “reflex bleeding.” Male and female antennae of both species exhibited similar dose–response curves to most of the selected compounds, although female C. maculata antennae exhibited higher thresholds in response to several compounds including α-terpineol, (Z)-3-hexenol, and (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone. Field tests showed that 2-phenylethanol was highly attractive to both sexes of the two investigated species. Only C. maculata was attracted to traps baited with α-terpineol.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020846212465

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Identification of (Z)-4-tridecene from Defensive Secretion of Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (2000)

Zhu, Junwei ; Unelius, Rikard C. ; Park, Kye-Chung ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 2421-2434

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Keywords: Defensive secretion ; green lacewing ; Chrysoperla carnea ; (Z)-4-tridecene ; electroantennography ; single sensillum recording ; alarm pheromone ; Chrysopidae ; Neuroptera

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract We report the identification of a defensive secretion from the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea. By using combined gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), we found one major compound in the solvent extract of this secretion that elicited a significant EAD response from the antenna. Based upon its characteristic fragments from gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, the compound was identified as a tridecene. Dimethyldisulfide derivatization suggested that a double bond was located between positions 4 and 5 in the carbon chain. Thus, the compound was tentatively identified as a 4-tridecene. Coinjection of the extract with a mixture of the Z or E form of the synthetic 4-tridecene revealed that the unknown was (Z)-4-tridecene. EAG dose–responses showed a direct correlation to dose. Single sensillum recordings from sensilla trichodea situated on the antennae suggested the presence of receptor neurons specifically responding to this compound. An arrestment behavior was observed when tested in the Y-tube olfactometer. Preliminary field trapping results indicate that the compound is an antagonist to attraction. The avoidance behavior of predatory ants, observed when tested with the synthetic compound of this secretion further suggested a defensive function.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005587113469

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