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  • Female  (75)
  • Cloning, Molecular  (26)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (100)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 1985-1989  (100)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1940-1944
  • 1986  (100)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (100)
  • Annual Reviews
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  • 1985-1989  (100)
  • 1975-1979
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  • 1
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    Lipoprotein mutations in pigs are associated with elevated plasma cholesterol and atherosclerosis (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-19
    Description: A strain of pigs bearing three immunogenetically defined lipoprotein-associated markers (allotypes), designated Lpb5, Lpr1, and Lpu1, has marked hypercholesterolemia on a low fat, cholesterol-free diet. Unlike individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia or WHHL rabbits, the affected pigs have normal low density lipoprotein receptor activity. The animals, by 7 months of age, have extensive atherosclerotic lesions in all three coronary arteries. This strain of pig represents an animal model for atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia associated with mutations affecting the structures of plasma lipoproteins. One of the variant apolipoproteins, Lpb5, is apolipoprotein-B. A second variant apolipoprotein (Lpr1), termed apo-R, is a 23-kilodalton protein present in both the very low density (d less than 1.006 g/ml) and the very high density (d greater than 1.21 g/ml) fractions of pig plasma. Isoforms of this protein correlate with two Lpr alleles, Lpr1 and Lpr2. The Lpr genes segregate independently of the Lpb5 and Lpu1 alleles. The Lpu1 allotype is a component of low density lipoprotein and is genetically linked to Lpb5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rapacz, J -- Hasler-Rapacz, J -- Taylor, K M -- Checovich, W J -- Attie, A D -- AG05-856/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HL30594/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1573-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3787263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins B/genetics ; Arteriosclerosis/blood/*genetics ; Cholesterol/blood ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Genotype ; Hypercholesterolemia/blood/*genetics ; Immunologic Tests ; Lipoproteins/blood/*genetics ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood/genetics ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood/genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; Receptors, LDL/metabolism ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Human multidrug-resistant cell lines: increased mdr1 expression can precede gene amplification (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-02
    Description: The development of simultaneous resistance to multiple structurally unrelated drugs is a major impediment to cancer chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance in human KB carcinoma cells selected in colchicine, vinblastine, or Adriamycin is associated with amplification of specific DNA sequences (the multidrug resistance locus, mdr1). During colchicine selection resistance is initially accompanied by elevated expression of a 4.5-kilobase mdr1 messenger RNA (mRNA) without amplification of the corresponding genomic sequences. During selection for increased levels of resistance, expression of this mRNA is increased simultaneously with amplification of mdr1 DNA. Increased expression and amplification of mdr1 sequences were also found in multidrug-resistant sublines of human leukemia and ovarian carcinoma cells. These results suggest that increased expression of mdr1 mRNA is a common mechanism for multidrug resistance in human cells. Activation of the mdr1 gene by mutations or epigenetic changes may precede its amplification during the development of resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, D W -- Fojo, A -- Chin, J E -- Roninson, I B -- Richert, N -- Pastan, I -- Gottesman, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 2;232(4750):643-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3457471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Colchicine/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology ; *Drug Resistance ; Female ; *Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphoid/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Vinblastine/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Calcium antagonist receptors in cardiomyopathic hamster: selective increases in heart, muscle, brain (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: The Syrian cardiomyopathic hamster has a hereditary disease in which a progressive myocardial necrosis mimics human forms of cardiac hypertrophy. Lesions are associated with calcium overload and can be prevented with the calcium antagonist verapamil. Numbers of receptor binding sites for calcium antagonists in heart, brain, skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle were markedly increased in cardiomyopathic hamsters. The uptake of calcium-45 into brain synaptosomes was also increased in cardiomyopathic hamsters. The increase in calcium antagonist receptors and related voltage-sensitive calcium channels may be involved in the pathogenesis of this cardiomyopathy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wagner, J A -- Reynolds, I J -- Weisman, H F -- Dudeck, P -- Weisfeldt, M L -- Snyder, S H -- HL-17655/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- MH-18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-16375/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3008330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism/physiopathology ; *Brain Chemistry ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/*physiopathology ; Cricetinae ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Heart/physiopathology ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Muscle, Smooth/analysis/metabolism ; Muscles/*analysis/metabolism/physiopathology ; Myocardium/*analysis/metabolism ; Nifedipine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Nitrendipine ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*analysis/metabolism/physiology ; Synaptosomes/metabolism ; Verapamil/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Fertility in the United States (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-31
    Description: From the postwar high of 3.8 births per woman at the peak of the baby boom, the total fertility rate in the United States has fallen to 1.8, where it has remained unchanged for nearly a decade. This below-replacement level of fertility has, in recent decades, characterized most Western countries, some of which have shown declines to well below 1.5 births per woman. Were it not for the continued infusion of immigrants, the U.S. population, which already shows the aging characteristic of low fertility, would stop growing and begin to decline before the middle of the next century. The low fertility in the United States has been accomplished by a postponement of marriage and by the widespread use of contraception, with heavy reliance on surgical sterilization as a contraceptive method. Judging from the experience of other Western countries and from our own historical experience of two centuries of fertility decline interrupted only by the baby boom, as well as from the absence of social trends that would counteract those contributing to that decline, the prognosis is for a continued low level of fertility in the United States.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Westoff, C F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):554-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3532324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Birth Rate ; Contraception/history ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Fertility ; Forecasting ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy in Adolescence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Billings ovulation method (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 21;231(4740):783.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Family Planning Services ; Female ; Humans ; Ovulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Deletion in cysteine-rich region of LDL receptor impedes transport to cell surface in WHHL rabbit (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-06
    Description: The Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit, an animal with familial hypercholesterolemia, produces a mutant receptor for plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) that is not transported to the cell surface at a normal rate. Cloning and sequencing of complementary DNA's from normal and WHHL rabbits, shows that this defect arises from an in-frame deletion of 12 nucleotides that eliminates four amino acids from the cysteine-rich ligand binding domain of the LDL receptor. A similar mutation, detected by S1 nuclease mapping of LDL receptor messenger RNA, occurred in a patient with familial hypercholesterolemia whose receptor also fails to be transported to the cell surface. These findings suggest that animal cells may have fail-safe mechanisms that prevent the surface expression of improperly folded proteins with unpaired or improperly bonded cysteine residues.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4451858/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4451858/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamamoto, T -- Bishop, R W -- Brown, M S -- Goldstein, J L -- Russell, D W -- HL 01287/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 20948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 31346/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL020948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 6;232(4755):1230-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3010466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Transport ; *Chromosome Deletion ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cysteine/genetics ; Dna ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Genes ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/*genetics ; Mutation ; RNA, Messenger ; Rabbits ; Receptors, LDL/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Activation of mouse T-helper cells induces abundant preproenkephalin mRNA synthesis (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-09
    Description: Antigenic or mitogenic stimulation of T cells induces the secretion of an array of protein hormones that regulate immune responses. Molecular cloning has contributed strongly to our present understanding of the nature of this regulation. A complementary DNA (cDNA) library prepared from a cloned concanavalin A-activated mouse T-helper cell line was screened for abundant and induction-specific cDNA's. One such randomly chosen cDNA was found to encode mouse preproenkephalin messenger RNA (mRNA). Preproenkephalin mRNA represented about 0.4 percent of the mRNA in the activated cell line but was absent in resting cells of this line. Other induced T-helper cell lines have 0.1 to 0.5 percent of their mRNA as preproenkephalin mRNA. Induced T-helper cell culture supernatants have [Met]enkephalin-immunoreactive material. The production by activated T cells of a peptide neurotransmitter identifies a signal that can potentially permit T cells to modulate the nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zurawski, G -- Benedik, M -- Kamb, B J -- Abrams, J S -- Zurawski, S M -- Lee, F D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 9;232(4751):772-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2938259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Enkephalins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Humans ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Protein Precursors/*biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*biosynthesis ; Rats ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Dynamics of lymphocyte-endothelial interactions in vivo (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-24
    Description: The dynamics of the attachment of lymphocytes to the endothelium of high endothelial venules in murine Peyer's patches were studied in vivo. Lymphocytes adhered readily to the endothelium lining these vessels, but most of the adhering cells detached within a few seconds. Many lymphocytes, however, experienced multiple collisions with the high endothelial venules, and this substantially increased the efficiency of lymphocyte collection by these vessels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bjerknes, M -- Cheng, H -- Ottaway, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):402-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941903" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Endothelium/physiology ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Peyer's Patches/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Immunoregulatory feedback between interleukin-1 and glucocorticoid hormones (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-08
    Description: The production and action of immunoregulatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), are inhibited by glucocorticoid hormones in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, glucocorticoid blood levels were increased by factors released by human leukocytes exposed to Newcastle disease virus preparations. This activity was neutralized by an antibody to IL-1. Therefore the capacity of IL-1 to stimulate the pituitary-adrenal axis was tested. Administration of subpyrogenic doses of homogeneous human monocyte-derived IL-1 or the pI 7 form of human recombinant IL-1 to mice and rats increased blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and glucocorticoids. Another monokine, tumor necrosis factor, and the lymphokines IL-2 and gamma-interferon had no such effects when administered in doses equivalent to or higher than those of IL-1. The stimulatory effect of IL-1 on the pituitary-adrenal axis seemed not to be mediated by the secondary release of products from mature T lymphocytes since IL-1 was endocrinologically active when injected into athymic nude mice. These results strongly support the existence of an immunoregulatory feedback circuit in which IL-1 acts as an afferent and glucocorticoid as an efferent hormonal signal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Besedovsky, H -- del Rey, A -- Sorkin, E -- Dinarello, C A -- AI15614/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 8;233(4764):652-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood/physiology ; Animals ; Corticosterone/blood/physiology ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/blood/immunology/*physiology ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/immunology/pharmacology/*physiology ; Leukocytes/drug effects/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Nude ; Newcastle disease virus/immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Human beta-adrenoceptors: relation of myocardial and lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptor density (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-28
    Description: In human right atria obtained from 21 patients during open-heart surgery, beta-adrenoceptor density [assessed by iodine-125-labeled (-)-cyanopindolol binding] and responsiveness (positive inotropic responses to isoprenaline) were linearly related to the beta-adrenoceptor density in the corresponding circulating lymphocytes. This direct relation of human myocardial and lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptor alterations, therefore, makes it possible to monitor drug- or disease-induced beta-adrenoceptor changes in tissues not easily accessible in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brodde, O E -- Kretsch, R -- Ikezono, K -- Zerkowski, H R -- Reidemeister, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 28;231(4745):1584-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3006250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Lymphocytes/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    T-cell recognition of Ia molecules selectively altered by a single amino acid substitution (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-17
    Description: T lymphocytes recognize foreign antigen together with allele-specific determinants on membrane-bound class I and class II (Ia) gene products of the major histocompatibility complex. To identify amino acids of class II molecules critical to this recognition process, the genes encoding the beta chains of the I-Ak molecule were cloned from a wild-type B-cell hybridoma and from an immunoselected variant subline showing distinct serological and T-cell stimulatory properties. Nucleotide sequencing and DNA-mediated gene transfer established that a single base transition (G----A) encoding a change from glutamic acid to lysine at position 67 in the I-Ak beta molecule accounted for all the observed phenotypic changes of the variant cells. These results confirm the importance of residues 62 to 78 in the amino terminal domain of I-A beta for class II-restricted T-cell recognition of antigen and demonstrate the ability of a single substitution in this region to alter this recognition event.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, M A -- Glimcher, L A -- Nielsen, E A -- Paul, W E -- Germain, R N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 17;231(4735):255-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3484558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*immunology ; Humans ; Hybridomas/immunology ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Atrial natriuretic peptide elevation in congestive heart failure in the human (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-07
    Description: A sensitive radioimmunoassay for atrial natriuretic peptide was used to examine the relation between circulating atrial natriuretic peptide and cardiac filling pressure in normal human subjects, in patients with cardiovascular disease and normal cardiac filling pressure, and in patients with cardiovascular disease and elevated cardiac filling pressure with and without congestive heart failure. The present studies establish a normal range for atrial natriuretic peptide in normal human subjects. These studies also establish that elevated cardiac filling pressure is associated with increased circulating concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide and that congestive heart failure is not characterized by a deficiency in atrial natriuretic peptide, but with its elevation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnett, J C Jr -- Kao, P C -- Hu, D C -- Heser, D W -- Heublein, D -- Granger, J P -- Opgenorth, T J -- Reeder, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 7;231(4742):1145-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2935937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*blood ; Cardiovascular Diseases/blood ; Female ; Heart Failure/*blood ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radioimmunoassay
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Cloned fragment of the hepatitis delta virus RNA genome: sequence and diagnostic application (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a replication-defective etiological agent of hepatitis that requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a helper. A complementary DNA (cDNA) fragment of the RNA genome of HDV was cloned into the plasmid vector pBR322, and the primary nucleotide sequence and predicted protein products of the cDNA fragment were determined. This cloned cDNA fragment has been used as a sensitive radioactive probe for the detection of HDV RNA in the serum of patients with either acute or chronic HDV infections.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Denniston, K J -- Hoyer, B H -- Smedile, A -- Wells, F V -- Nelson, J -- Gerin, J L -- N01-AI-22665/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):873-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3704630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Hepatitis D/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Hepatitis Delta Virus/*genetics ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pan troglodytes ; RNA, Viral/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Perfumes and preference (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Easton, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 14;231(4743):1235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; *Perfume ; Rats ; *Sexual Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Estrogen-induced factors of breast cancer cells partially replace estrogen to promote tumor growth (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-20
    Description: The hormone 17 beta-estradiol acts through its receptor system to induce MCF-7 human breast cancer cells to form tumors in athymic mice. In vitro studies have identified the production of estrogen-induced growth factors from MCF-7 cells that may have a role in growth control. These induced growth factors were sufficient to stimulate MCF-7 tumor growth in ovariectomized athymic mice, thus partially replacing estradiol. Growth factors may act as estrogen-induced "second messengers" in estrogen-responsive growth of human breast cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dickson, R B -- McManaway, M E -- Lippman, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 20;232(4757):1540-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3715461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*pathology ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Culture Media ; Estradiol/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Ovariectomy ; Receptors, Estradiol/*physiology ; Receptors, Estrogen/*physiology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Transplantation of fetal hematopoietic stem cells in utero: the creation of hematopoietic chimeras (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-15
    Description: Transplantation of normal, immature, fetal hematopoietic cells into a preimmune fetal recipient with a congenital hemoglobinopathy may allow partial reconstitution of normal hemoglobin production without the complications associated with postnatal bone marrow transplantation (immunosuppression and the occurrence of graft versus host disease). In order to test this hypothesis the naturally occurring polymorphism at the beta-hemoglobin locus of the sheep was used as a marker for engraftment and hematopoietic chimerism. Intraperitoneal injection of allogeneic fetal stem cells into normal fetal lambs resulted in hematopoietic chimerism in three of four surviving recipients. This chimerism has been sustained for 6 months after birth and 9 months after engraftment, without evidence of graft versus host disease, and without the use of immunosuppressive therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flake, A W -- Harrison, M R -- Adzick, N S -- Zanjani, E D -- AM-24027/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-29890/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-30914/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 15;233(4765):776-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2874611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chimera ; Female ; Fetus ; Graft vs Host Disease ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hemoglobin A/*analysis ; Hemoglobins/*analysis ; Pregnancy ; Sheep ; Transplantation, Homologous
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    The neuroendocrine thymus: coexistence of oxytocin and neurophysin in the human thymus (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: Immunoreactive oxytocin and neurophysin were identified and measured by radioimmunoassay in human thymus extracts. Serial dilutions of extracts paralleled the appropriate standard curves. Thymus-extracted oxytocin and neurophysin eluted in the same positions as reference preparations on Sephadex G-75. Authenticity of oxytocin was confirmed by biological assay and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. In most instances, thymus contents of oxytocin and neurophysin were far greater than those expected from known circulating concentrations and declined with increasing age. The molar ratio of oxytocin to neurophysin in thymus was similar to that found in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system, which strongly suggested with the other data a local synthesis of oxytocin. These findings indicate the presence of neurohypophyseal peptides in the human thymus and further support the concept of a neuroendocrine function integrated in an immune structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geenen, V -- Legros, J J -- Franchimont, P -- Baudrihaye, M -- Defresne, M P -- Boniver, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):508-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Chromatography, Gel ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myasthenia Gravis/physiopathology ; Neurophysins/*analysis/isolation & purification/physiology ; Oxytocin/*analysis/isolation & purification/physiology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Thymus Gland/*analysis/physiology/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Cloning of a cDNA for a T cell-specific serine protease from a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: A new serine protease was encoded by a clone isolated from a murine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte complementary DNA library by an RNA-hybridization competition protocol. Complementary transcripts were detected in cytotoxic T lymphocytes, spleen cells from nude mice, a rat natural killer cell leukemia, and in two of eight T-helper clones (both cytotoxic), but not in normal mouse kidney, liver, spleen, or thymus, nor in several tested T- and B-cell tumors. T-cell activation with concanavalin A plus interleukin-2 induced spleen cells to express this gene with kinetics correlating with the acquisition of cytolytic capacity. The nucleotide sequence of this gene encoded an amino acid sequence of approximately 25,700 daltons, with 25 to 35 percent identity to members of the serine protease family. The active site "charge-relay" residues (His57, Asp102, and Ser195 of the chymotrypsin numbering system) are conserved, as well as the trypsin-specific Asp (position 189 in trypsin). A Southern blot analysis indicated that this gene is conserved in humans, mouse, and chicken. This serine protease may have a role in lymphocyte lysis and a "lytic cascade."〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gershenfeld, H K -- Weissman, I L -- AI 19512/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA09032/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):854-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2422755" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Concanavalin A/pharmacology ; DNA/genetics ; Endopeptidases/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Mice, Nude ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/genetics ; Serine Endopeptidases ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Nutrition policy controversies (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harper, A E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):810-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3704627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Anti-idiotypic antibodies bear the internal image of a human tumor antigen (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: Goat antibodies to idiotypes (anti-idiotypic antibodies; Ab2) that recognize an idiotype associated with the combining site of a BALB/c mouse IgG2a monoclonal antibody (Ab1) to human gastric carcinoma were used to immunize BALB/c mice and rabbits. A monoclonal anti-anti-idiotypic antibody (Ab3) of IgG1 isotype was obtained after immunization of mice. The Ab3 and the Ab1 showed identical binding specificities and bound with similar avidities to the same tumor antigen. The induction of Ab1-like Ab3 by Ab2 was not restricted to mice, since Ab3 could also be induced in rabbits. Both the mouse- and the rabbit-derived Ab3 bound the same gastrointestinal cancer-associated antigen as Ab1. These findings indicate that Ab2 induced the formation of antigen-specific Ab3, probably because it bears the internal image of the tumor-associated antigen. This Ab2 may therefore have potential for modulating the immune response of cancer patients to their tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herlyn, D -- Ross, A H -- Koprowski, H -- CA-10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-21124/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-33490/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):100-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3952496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Antigens, Neoplasm/*immunology ; Female ; Goats/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C/immunology ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Rabbits/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    Researchers grapple with problems of updating classic psychological test (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 19;233(4770):1249-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3749875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; *Mmpi ; Male ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
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    Homelessness: experts differ on root causes (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 2;232(4750):569-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Family ; Female ; *Homeless Persons/psychology ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Mothers ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 23
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    New growth industry in human growth hormone? (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 3;234(4772):22-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3749891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Height/drug effects ; Child ; Female ; *Growth Hormone/biosynthesis/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/therapeutic use
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    Brain glutamate decarboxylase cloned in lambda gt-11: fusion protein produces gamma-aminobutyric acid (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-30
    Description: Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; E.C. 4.1.1.15) converts glutamate to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system. This report describes the isolation of a GAD complementary DNA clone by immunological screening of a lambda gt-11 brain complementary DNA expression library. The fusion protein produced by this clone catalyzes the conversion of glutamate to GABA and carbon dioxide, confirming its identity as GAD. Antibodies to beta-galactosidase remove GAD enzymatic activity from solution, showing that this activity is associated with the fusion protein. In immunoblotting experiments all three available antisera to GAD reacted with the fusion polypeptide and with two major polypeptides (molecular size, 60,000 and 66,000 daltons) in brain extracts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaufman, D L -- McGinnis, J F -- Krieger, N R -- Tobin, A J -- HD05615/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS20356/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS22256/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 30;232(4754):1138-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3518061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*enzymology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Glutamate Decarboxylase/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*biosynthesis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 25
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    Researchers hunt for Alzheimer's disease gene (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):448-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/*genetics ; Family ; Female ; Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk
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  • 26
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    Receptor-associated resistance to growth hormone-releasing factor in dwarf "little" mice (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: Anterior pituitaries from the dwarf mouse strain "little" did not release growth hormone or accumulate adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in response to human and rat growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF). Dibutyryl cyclic AMP, as well as the adenylate cyclase stimulators forskolin and cholera toxin, markedly stimulated growth hormone (GH) release. The basis of the GH deficiency in the little mouse may therefore be a defect in an early stage of GRF-stimulated GH release related either to receptor binding or to the function of the hormone-receptor complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jansson, J O -- Downs, T R -- Beamer, W G -- Frohman, L A -- AM 17947/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 30667/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):511-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3008329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/analysis ; Dwarfism, Pituitary/*physiopathology ; Female ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/metabolism/pharmacology/physiology/secretion ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains/*physiology ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/analysis/drug effects/physiopathology/secretion ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism/*physiology ; *Receptors, Neuropeptide ; *Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The slow, insidious natures of the HTLV's (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 31;231(4737):450-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3001937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology/transmission ; Deltaretrovirus/*pathogenicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Sex ; United States
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  • 28
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    The hypogonadal mouse: reproductive functions restored by gene therapy (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-12
    Description: The hypogonadal (hpg) mouse lacks a complete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene and consequently cannot reproduce. Introduction of an intact GnRH gene into the genome of these mutant mice resulted in complete reversal of the hypogonadal phenotype. Transgenic hpg/hpg homozygotes of both sexes were capable of mating and producing offspring. Pituitary and serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin were restored to those of normal animals. Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization showed that GnRH expression was restored in the appropriate hypothalamic neurons of the transgenic hpg animals, an indication of neural-specific expression of the introduced gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mason, A J -- Pitts, S L -- Nikolics, K -- Szonyi, E -- Wilcox, J N -- Seeburg, P H -- Stewart, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 12;234(4782):1372-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3097822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Engineering ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics ; Histocytochemistry ; Hypogonadism/*genetics ; Hypothalamus/analysis/cytology ; Infertility/genetics/*therapy ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neurons/analysis ; Phenotype ; Prolactin/blood ; Tissue Distribution
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 29
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    Age and infertility (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-09-26
    Description: Direct evidence on age patterns of infecundity and sterility cannot be obtained from contemporary populations because such large fractions of couples use contraception or have been sterilized. Instead, historical data are exploited to yield upper bounds applicable to contemporary populations on the proportions sterile at each age. Examination of recent changes in sexual behavior that may increase infecundity indicates that sexually transmitted infections, the prime candidate for hypothesized rises in infertility, are unlikely to have added to infecundity to any great extent. These results imply that a woman in a monogamous union faces only moderate increases in the probability of becoming sterile (or infecund) until her late thirties. Nevertheless, it appears that recent changes in reproductive behavior were guaranteed to result in the perception that infecundity is on the rise.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Menken, J -- Trussell, J -- Larsen, U -- HD11720/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 26;233(4771):1389-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3755843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; *Aging ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/*epidemiology ; Infertility, Male/*epidemiology ; Male ; Marriage ; Middle Aged ; United States
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  • 30
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    Effects of alcohol on the generation and migration of cerebral cortical neurons (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-19
    Description: Prenatal exposure to alcohol produces many developmental defects of the central nervous system, such as microcephaly, mental retardation, motor dysfunction, and cognitive deficiencies. Therefore, the generation of neurons in the cerebral cortex was examined in the offspring of female rats fed a diet containing ethanol. Prenatal exposure to ethanol delayed and extended the period during which cortical neurons were generated, reduced the number of neurons in the nature cortex with the same time of origin, and altered the distribution of neurons generated on a particular day. Thus, the proliferation and migration of cortical neurons are profoundly affected by in utero exposure to ethanol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, M W -- AA 06916/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 19;233(4770):1308-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3749878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/*drug effects/embryology ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Motor Cortex/drug effects/embryology ; Neurons/*drug effects/embryology ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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  • 31
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    Mechanism of the rapid effect of 17 beta-estradiol on medial amygdala neurons (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: The mechanism by which sex steroids rapidly modulate the excitability of neurons was investigated by intracellular recording of neurons in rat medial amygdala brain slices. Brief hyperpolarization and increased potassium conductance were produced by 17 beta-estradiol. This effect persisted after elimination of synaptic input and after suppression of protein synthesis. Thus, 17 beta-estradiol directly changes the ionic conductance of the postsynaptic membrane of medial amygdala neurons. In addition, a greater proportion of the neurons from females than from males responded to 17 beta-estradiol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nabekura, J -- Oomura, Y -- Minami, T -- Mizuno, Y -- Fukuda, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):226-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/cytology/*drug effects ; Animals ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Dactinomycin/pharmacology ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Sex and needles, not insects and pigs, spread AIDS in Florida town (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 24;234(4775):415-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3764417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/classification/epidemiology/*transmission ; Arbovirus Infections/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Military AIDS testing offers research bonus (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):818-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3704628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; *Military Medicine ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nucleotide sequence of SRV-1, a type D simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome retrovirus (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-28
    Description: Simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS) in the macaque genus of monkeys at the California Primate Research Center is apparently caused by infection by a type D retrovirus. The complete nucleotide sequence (8173 base pairs) of a molecular clone of the prototype SAIDS virus isolate, SRV-1, reveals a typical retrovirus structure with long terminal repeats (346 base pairs) and open reading frames for the gag (663 codons), pol (867 codons), and env (605 codons) genes. SRV-1 also has a separate open reading frame of 314 codons between the gag and pol genes that defines the viral protease gene (prt) and a short open reading frame of unknown significance downstream from the env gene. The SRV-1 protease region shows a high degree of homology to its counterpart in the hamster intracisternal A-type particle genome; both these protease genes are about twice as long as the analogous region of other retroviruses. SRV-1 has no notable similarity in either genetic organization or sequence to the human AIDS retroviruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Power, M D -- Marx, P A -- Bryant, M L -- Gardner, M B -- Barr, P J -- Luciw, P A -- AI20573/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA37467/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR00169/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 28;231(4745):1567-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3006247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology/*veterinary ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; Genes, Viral ; Macaca/*microbiology ; Peptide Hydrolases/genetics ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Retroviridae Proteins/genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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    AIDS in Africa: an epidemiologic paradigm (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-21
    Description: Cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported in countries throughout the world. Initial surveillance studies in Central Africa suggest an annual incidence of AIDS of 550 to 1000 cases per million adults. The male to female ratio of cases is 1:1, with age- and sex-specific rates greater in females less than 30 years of age and greater in males over age 40. Clinically, AIDS in Africans is often characterized by a diarrhea-wasting syndrome, opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis, cryptococcosis, and cryptosporidiosis, or disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma. From 1 to 18% of healthy blood donors and pregnant women and as many as 27 to 88% of female prostitutes have antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The present annual incidence of infection is approximately 0.75% among the general population of Central and East Africa. The disease is transmitted predominantly by heterosexual activity, parenteral exposure to blood transfusions and unsterilized needles, and perinatally from infected mothers to their newborns, and will continue to spread rapidly where economic and cultural factors favor these modes of transmission. Prevention and control of HIV infection through educational programs and blood bank screening should be an immediate public health priority for all African countries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quinn, T C -- Mann, J M -- Curran, J W -- Piot, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 21;234(4779):955-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3022379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/history/transmission ; Africa ; Age Factors ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Blood Transfusion ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Opportunistic Infections/complications ; Pregnancy ; Prostitution ; Retroviridae/isolation & purification ; Risk ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology ; Sex Factors ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology
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    Maleness pinpointed on Y chromosome (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 28;234(4780):1076-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; H-Y Antigen/genetics ; Humans ; Lizards ; Male ; Mice ; *Sex Determination Analysis ; *Y Chromosome
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Epidemiology of drug abuse: an overview (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-21
    Description: Issues regarding the use of epidemiology in drug abuse research are discussed and systems for monitoring national trends and identifying risk factors are described. Data indicate a general decline in marijuana use among youth, a cohort aging effect among heroin and marijuana users, and increased prevalence and health consequences associated with cocaine use.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kozel, N J -- Adams, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 21;234(4779):970-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3490691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Cocaine ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Female ; Heroin ; Humans ; Male ; Marijuana Abuse/epidemiology ; Population Surveillance ; Risk ; Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology
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    Stress-induced inhibition of reproductive functions: role of endogenous corticotropin-releasing factor (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-07
    Description: In the adult castrated male rat, exposure to inescapable, intermittent electroshocks inhibited the pulsatile pattern of luteinizing hormone release and markedly lowered its plasma concentrations. The central administration of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) antagonist alpha-helical ovine CRF residues 9 to 41 reversed the inhibitory action of stress. Neither its peripheral injection, nor the intraventricular injection of the inactive CRF analog des-Glu to Arg ovine CRF was effective. These results suggest that endogenous CRF may mediate some deleterious effects of noxious stimuli on reproduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rivier, C -- Rivier, J -- Vale, W -- AA03504/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AM26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD13527/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):607-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/physiology ; Animals ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology/*physiology ; Electroshock ; Female ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Rats ; *Reproduction/drug effects ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Adrenal-mediated endogenous metabolites inhibit puberty in female mice (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-14
    Description: While assessing a potential role of adrenal glands in the production of the hitherto unidentified puberty-delaying pheromone of female mice, the urinary volatile profiles of normal and adrenalectomized animals were quantitatively compared. Six components, whose concentrations were depressed after adrenalectomy, were identified: 2-heptanone, trans-5-hepten-2-one, trans-4-hepten-2-one, n-pentyl acetate, cis-2-penten-1-yl acetate, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine. When these laboratory-synthesized chemicals were added (in their natural concentrations) to either previously inactive urine from adrenalectomized females or plain water, the biological activity was fully restored.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Novotny, M -- Jemiolo, B -- Harvey, S -- Wiesler, D -- Marchlewska-Koj, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 14;231(4739):722-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/*physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Ketones/urine ; Mice ; Ovary/physiology ; Pentanols/urine ; Pheromones/physiology/urine ; Pyrazines/urine ; *Sexual Maturation
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    Studies of the human c-myb gene and its product in human acute leukemias (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-18
    Description: The myb gene is the transforming oncogene of the avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV); its normal cellular homolog, c-myb, is conserved across a broad span of evolution. In humans, c-myb is expressed in malignant hematopoietic cell lines and in primary hematopoietic tumors. Partial complementary DNA clones were generated from blast cells of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. The sequences of the clones were compared to the c-myb of other species, as well as the v-myb of AMV. In addition, the carboxyl terminal region of human c-myb was placed in an expression vector to obtain protein for the generation of antiserum, which was used to identify the human c-myb gene product. Like v-myb, this protein was found within the nucleus of leukemic cells where it was associated with the nuclear matrix. These studies provide further evidence that c-myb might be involved in human leukemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slamon, D J -- Boone, T C -- Murdock, D C -- Keith, D E -- Press, M F -- Larson, R A -- Souza, L M -- CA36827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 18;233(4761):347-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase ; Avian Leukosis Virus/*genetics ; Avian Myeloblastosis Virus/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; *Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing) ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/analysis ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; *Dihydroorotase ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/microbiology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*genetics ; Molecular Weight ; *Multienzyme Complexes ; *Oncogenes ; Proteins/analysis
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    Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-24
    Description: Cachectin (tumor necrosis factor), a protein produced in large quantities by endotoxin-activated macrophages, has been implicated as an important mediator of the lethal effect of endotoxin. Recombinant human cachectin was infused into rats in an effort to determine whether cachectin, by itself, can elicit the derangements of host physiology caused by administration of endotoxin. When administered in quantities similar to those produced endogenously in response to endotoxin, cachectin causes hypotension, metabolic acidosis, hemoconcentration, and death within minutes to hours, as a result of respiratory arrest. Hyperglycemia and hyperkalemia were also observed after infusion. At necropsy, diffuse pulmonary inflammation and hemorrhage were apparent on gross and histopathologic examination, along with ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, and acute renal tubular necrosis. Thus, it appears that a single protein mediator (cachectin) is capable of inducing many of the deleterious effects of endotoxin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tracey, K J -- Beutler, B -- Lowry, S F -- Merryweather, J -- Wolpe, S -- Milsark, I W -- Hariri, R J -- Fahey, T J 3rd -- Zentella, A -- Albert, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 24;234(4775):470-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3764421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Endotoxins/toxicity ; Female ; Glycoproteins/*toxicity ; Humans ; Potassium/blood ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins ; Shock/*chemically induced/pathology/physiopathology ; Sodium/blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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    Male-killing bacteria in a parasitic wasp (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: A rod-shaped bacterium has been isolated that kills male eggs of the wasp Nasonia vitripennis, a pupal parasite of flies. Only some wasps of this species express this son-killer trait, and these wasps have bacterial infections in various organs. The bacterium was isolated from son-killer wasp tissue and from the hemolymph of fly pupae parasitized by wasps expressing the son-killer trait. Bacteria are apparently transferred to parasitized fly pupae during wasp oviposition, and developing wasp offspring are subsequently infected perorally. Sex-ratio distortion by microorganisms is found in a variety of plants and animals. The infectious peroral transmission of this trait variety of plants and animals. The infectious peroral transmission of this trait is in contrast to the typical pattern of cytoplasmic inheritance of sex-ratio distortion in these other systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Werren, J H -- Skinner, S W -- Huger, A M -- 5 T32 6MO7131/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):990-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria ; Female ; Hemolymph/microbiology ; Hymenoptera/*microbiology ; Male ; Ovum/microbiology ; Sex Factors ; Wasps/*microbiology
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    Isolation and sequence of L3T4 complementary DNA clones: expression in T cells and brain (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-31
    Description: T lymphocytes express on their surface not only a specific receptor for antigen and major histocompatibility complex proteins, but also a number of additional glycoproteins that are thought to play accessory roles in the processes of recognition and signal transduction. L3T4 is one such T-cell surface protein that is expressed on most mouse thymocytes and on mature mouse T cells that recognize class II (Ia) major histocompatibility complex proteins. Such cells are predominantly of the helper/inducer phenotype. In this study, complementary DNA clones encoding L3T4 were isolated and sequenced. The predicted protein sequence shows that L3T4 is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. It is encoded by a single gene that does not require rearrangement prior to expression. Although the protein has not previously been demonstrated on nonhematopoietic cells, two messenger RNA species specific for L3T4 are found in brain. The minor species comigrates with the L3T4 transcript in T cells, whereas the major species is 1 kilobase smaller.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tourvieille, B -- Gorman, S D -- Field, E H -- Hunkapiller, T -- Parnes, J R -- 1 F32 CA07877-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- AI11313/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM34991/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):610-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3094146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; Antigens, Surface/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism
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    Alterations of myc, myb, and rasHa proto-oncogenes in cancers are frequent and show clinical correlation (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-17
    Description: Alterations of c-myc, c-rasHa, or c-myb oncogenes were found in more than one-third of human solid tumors. Amplification of c-myc occurred in advanced, widespread tumors or in aggressive primary tumors. Apparent allelic deletions of c-rasHa and c-myb can be correlated with progression and metastasis of carcinomas and sarcomas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yokota, J -- Tsunetsugu-Yokota, Y -- Battifora, H -- Le Fevre, C -- Cline, M J -- CA15619/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 17;231(4735):261-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Child ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics/isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; Oncogenes ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; Sarcoma/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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    AIDS in Africa (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linke, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 17;231(4735):203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*transmission ; Circumcision, Male ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior
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  • 46
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    Novel serine proteases encoded by two cytotoxic T lymphocyte-specific genes (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: Genes that are expressed exclusively in cytotoxic T cells should encode proteins that are essential for target cell lysis in cell-mediated immune responses. The sequences of two cytotoxic T lymphocyte-specific complementary DNA's (cDNA's) suggest that the two genes encode serine proteases. A full-length cDNA corresponding to one of the genes was isolated and sequenced. The predicted protein resembles serine proteases in that it includes all the residues that form the catalytic triad of the active site of serine proteases. Moreover, it has sequence characteristics thought to occur only in rat mast cell protease type II. These results are in accord with the view that a protease cascade plays a key role in cytotoxic T-cell activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lobe, C G -- Finlay, B B -- Paranchych, W -- Paetkau, V H -- Bleackley, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):858-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3518058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Endopeptidases/*genetics ; Genes ; Mice ; Serine Endopeptidases ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*metabolism
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    Virus-associated cancers can be a major problem in the tropics (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):919.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945813" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*microbiology ; *Tropical Medicine
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    Fine structure genetic analysis of a beta-globin promoter (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-02
    Description: A novel procedure for saturation mutagenesis of cloned DNA was used to obtain more than 100 single base substitutions within the promoter of the mouse beta-major globin gene. The effects of these promoter substitutions on transcription were determined by transfecting the cloned mutant genes into HeLa cells on plasmids containing an SV40 transcription enhancer, and measuring the levels of correctly initiated beta-globin transcripts after 2 days. Mutations in three regions of the promoter resulted in a significant decrease in the level of transcription: (i) the CACCC box, located between -87 and -95, (ii) the CCAAT box, located between -72 and -77, and (iii) the TATA box, located between -26 and -30 relative to the start site of transcription. In contrast, two different mutations in nucleotides immediately upstream from the CCAAT box resulted in a 3- to 3.5-fold increase in transcription. With two minor exceptions, single base substitutions in all other regions of the promoter had no effect on transcription. These results precisely delineate the cis-acting sequences required for accurate and efficient initiation of beta-globin transcription, and they establish a general approach for the fine structure genetic analysis of eukaryotic regulatory sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, R M -- Tilly, K -- Maniatis, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 2;232(4750):613-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3457470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Engineering ; Globins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Expression cloning of a lymphocyte homing receptor cDNA: ubiquitin is the reactive species (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-21
    Description: The lymphocyte cell surface receptor for the high endothelial venules (HEV's) of peripheral lymph nodes is specifically recognized by the monoclonal antibody MEL-14. Three independent complementary DNA (cDNA) clones, each of which encodes the protein ubiquitin, were detected by virtue of the expression of the MEL-14 antigenic determinant on cDNA-beta-galactosidase bacterial fusion proteins. The antigenic determinant defined by MEL-14 resides in the carboxyl terminal 13-amino-acid proteolytic peptide of ubiquitin, but is undetected in intact undenatured ubiquitin and other cellular ubiquitinated proteins. Antisera and monoclonal antibodies to ubiquitin determinants bind to the surface of both HEV-receptor positive and negative cell lines. The MEL-14-identified cDNA clones hydridize to RNA transcripts that encode tandemly repeated ubiquitins. Sequence analysis of these polyubiquitin cDNA's does not identify a leader sequence for export to the cell surface. The expression of the MEL-14 epitope of ubiquitin depends upon its local environment. The steady-state levels of expression of the ubiquitin messenger RNA's do not correlate with either the tissue derivation of the RNA or the expression of the lymphocyte HEV receptor. Regulation of the expression of the HEV receptor is not likely to reflect the transcriptional control of ubiquitin genes, but rather to reflect control of the expression of the HEV core polypeptide or its level or form of ubiquitination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉St John, T -- Gallatin, W M -- Siegelman, M -- Smith, H T -- Fried, V A -- Weissman, I L -- AI19512/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 09151/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 31461/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 21;231(4740):845-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Endothelium/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; High Mobility Group Proteins/*genetics ; Lymphatic System/metabolism ; Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Mice ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Ubiquitins/*genetics/immunology/metabolism
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    Federal VDT study finally wins approval (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 27;232(4758):1594-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3715463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Data Display ; Female ; Humans ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Pregnancy ; United States
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  • 51
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    Bioavailability of dioxin in soil from a 2,4,5-T manufacturing site (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: Dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD) is a highly toxic contaminant produced in the manufacture of phenoxy herbicides. Despite its high TCDD content, soil from a contaminated area associated with a 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) manufacturing site in Newark, New Jersey, did not induce acute toxicity when administered to guinea pigs (the most sensitive species) by gavage. Analysis of liver samples demonstrated low bioavailability of TCDD from this soil. A comparative analysis of soils showed that Soxhlet extraction was necessary for the determination of TCDD on Newark soil, whereas solvent extraction was sufficient for soil from Times Beach, Missouri. The difference in the bioavailability of TCDD from these soils is correlated with TCDD extractability and may be related to the different compositions of the soils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Umbreit, T H -- Hesse, E J -- Gallo, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):497-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/*chemical synthesis ; Animals ; Benzofurans/analysis ; Biological Availability ; *Chemical Industry ; Dioxins/analysis/*metabolism ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; New Jersey ; Soil/analysis ; *Soil Pollutants/analysis ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/analysis/*metabolism/toxicity
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    The structure, function, and expression of interleukin-2 receptors on normal and malignant lymphocytes (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-09
    Description: Antigen or mitogen-induced activation of resting T cells induces the synthesis of interleukin-2 (IL-2) as well as the expression of specific cell surface receptors for this lymphokine. Failure of the production of either IL-2 or its receptor results in a failure of the T-cell immune response. The receptor is composed of a 33,000-dalton (251-amino acid) peptide precursor that is post-translationally glycosylated into the mature 55,000-dalton form. In contrast to resting T cells, human T-cell lymphotrophic virus I (HTLV-I)-associated adult T-cell leukemia cells constitutively express large numbers of IL-2 receptors. Because IL-2 receptors are present on the malignant T cells but not on normal resting cells, clinical trials have been initiated in which patients with adult T-cell leukemia are treated with a monoclonal antibody that binds to the IL-2 receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waldmann, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 9;232(4751):727-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3008337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; B-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Deltaretrovirus/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/physiology ; Leukemia/*immunology/therapy ; Lymphocytes/microbiology/*physiology ; Mice/immunology ; Receptors, Immunologic/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Human papilloma virus and cervical cancer (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):920.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bovine papillomavirus 1/genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; *Papillomaviridae/genetics ; Tumor Virus Infections/microbiology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*microbiology
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  • 54
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    Induction of suppressor cells specific for AChR in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-18
    Description: Suppressor cells specific for acetylcholine receptor (AChR) were induced in a population of lymphocytes previously sensitized to AChR, obtained from rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). The lymphocytes were cultured with the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A plus purified AChR for 7 days. These cells, when mixed with lymphocytes from rats with EAMG in vitro, strongly suppressed the antibody response to AChR. They did not inhibit antibody responses to an unrelated antigen, an indication that suppression was specific for AChR. This approach should be a useful way to induce specific suppressor cells from sensitized populations of lymphocytes and may be applicable in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as myasthenia gravis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McIntosh, K R -- Drachman, D B -- 5RO1 HD04817-16/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 18;232(4748):401-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2938256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cyclosporins/pharmacology ; Female ; Lymph Nodes/cytology ; Lymphocytes/drug effects ; Myasthenia Gravis/*immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*immunology ; Spleen/cytology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology
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    Pressures measured in live hip joint (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 6;232(4755):1192-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3704643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Female ; Hip Joint/*physiology ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Muscle Contraction ; Pressure
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    Pancreatic zymogen granules differ markedly in protein composition (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: The activities of both chymotrypsin and amylase in individual zymogen granules of rat pancreas were measured by means of micromanipulation and microfluorometric methods. The enzyme content and the ratio of amylase to chymotrypsin varied widely among granules taken from the same animal. These results are compatible with short-term nonparallel bulk secretion of the two enzymes through exocytosis. The distribution of each enzyme activity in a population of granules suggests quantal packaging of amylase and chymotrypsinogen into the granules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mroz, E A -- Lechene, C -- AM26488/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):871-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2422756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amylases/*analysis ; Animals ; Chymotrypsin/*analysis ; Cytoplasmic Granules/*analysis ; Exocytosis ; Female ; Pancreas/*secretion ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 57
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    Inhibin-mediated feedback control of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in the female rat (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-10
    Description: The secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the anterior pituitary gland is regulated by the interaction of hypothalamic and gonadal hormones. Recently, proteins termed inhibins that selectively suppress FSH secretion have been purified and characterized from the gonadal fluids of several species. Antibodies to a synthetic peptide encompassing the amino terminal 25 residues of the recently characterized porcine inhibin were used to develop a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for inhibin and to neutralize endogenous inhibin during the estrous cycle of the rat. The administration of 20 international units of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) stimulated the secretion of inhibin in intact immature female rats, whereas ovariectomy caused an abrupt decrease in plasma inhibin concentrations that were not prevented by the injection of PMSG. The infusion of a polyclonal antiserum to inhibin, from 12 noon on proestrus to 1 a.m. on the morning of estrus, as well as its acute intravenous injection during diestrus I or II, caused an increase in plasma FSH (but not luteinizing hormone) concentrations. These results support the hypothesis of a feedback loop between the release of ovarian inhibin and FSH in the female rat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rivier, C -- Rivier, J -- Vale, W -- HD13527/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 10;234(4773):205-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3092356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Estrus ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood/*secretion ; Gonadotropins, Equine/pharmacology ; Immune Sera ; Inhibins/blood/immunology/*secretion ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Ovariectomy ; Proestrus ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Amplification and expression of genes associated with multidrug resistance in mammalian cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-09
    Description: In multidrug resistance, which is observed clinically and in tissue culture, cells that are challenged with certain cytotoxic drugs develop resistance not only to the selective agent but also to other, seemingly unrelated, agents. The multidrug-resistant phenotype is associated with DNA sequence amplification and with the overproduction of a number of cytosolic and membrane glycoproteins. The differential amplification and altered expression of at least two related genes, termed multidrug-resistant associated genes has been shown in multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster cells. In multidrug-resistant mouse and human cells, genes homologous to those in Chinese hamster cells are also amplified. The level of expression of these genes varied and did not correlate with their copy number. Furthermore, in Chinese hamster cells, the development of resistance to a single drug and multidrug resistance were closely related, but uncoupled, events. The overexpression of the multidrug-resistant genes was better correlated with the degree of resistance to the selective agent than it was with the extent of multidrug resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scotto, K W -- Biedler, J L -- Melera, P W -- CA-08748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-09207/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-28595/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 9;232(4751):751-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2421411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Colchicine/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; DNA/genetics ; Dactinomycin/pharmacology ; Daunorubicin/pharmacology ; *Drug Resistance ; Gene Amplification/*drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects ; Humans ; Lung/cytology/drug effects ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/genetics ; Vincristine/pharmacology
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  • 59
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    A balanced translocation in mice with a neurological defect (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-01-24
    Description: A semisterile male translocation heterozygote [t(2; 14) 1Gso] that exhibited neurological symptoms and an inability to swim (diver) was found among the offspring of male mice treated with triethylenemelamine. All breeding and cytogenetic data showed a complete concordance between translocation heterozygosity and the neurological disorders. Homozygosity for the translocation seemed to be lethal at an early embryonic stage. Despite the distinctive neurologic symptoms, no anatomic or histological defects in either the ear or in the central nervous system were observed. Thus, a balanced chromosomal translocation can produce disease with an inheritance pattern that mimics a single dominant gene defect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rutledge, J C -- Cain, K T -- Cacheiro, N L -- Cornett, C V -- Wright, C G -- Generoso, W M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):395-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants/*genetics ; Muscular Dystrophies/genetics ; *Translocation, Genetic ; Triethylenemelamine/pharmacology
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    Who should have rights to a patient's cells? (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):543-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Cell Line ; Ethics, Medical ; Federal Government ; Female ; *Human Body ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; *Patient Rights ; *Tissue and Organ Procurement ; United States
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    Study estimates higher risk from ethylene oxide exposure (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 31;231(4737):448.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941909" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants, Occupational/*toxicity ; Animals ; Ethylene Oxide/*toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Risk ; *Teratogens ; United States ; United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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  • 62
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    Transmission of a female sex pheromone thwarted by males in the spider Linyphia litigiosa (Linyphiidae) (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: When a male Sierra dome spider (Linyphia litigiosa) encounters a virgin female that has been sexually mature for 7 to 10 days, he rapidly packs the silk of her web into a tight mass. This behavior hinders evaporation of a male-attractant chemical that such highly receptive females apply to their webs. The male thereby reduces the likelihood that his mating partner will attract rival males.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, P J -- 5T32MH15793/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):219-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Copulation/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Sex Attractants/*physiology ; Spiders/*physiology
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  • 63
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    Females' choice of "good genotypes" as mates is promoted by an insect mating system (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-09-12
    Description: Can animal mating systems result in the choice of mates carrying genotypes that are otherwise favored by natural selection? This question is addressed by studying, in natural populations of Colias butterflies, how the phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) enzyme genotype of males mating Colias females varies with degree of female mate discrimination. Certain PGI genotypes (as predicted from their biochemical properties) have been found previously to have an advantage in diverse fitness-related properties: flight capacity, survivorship, and overall mating success. It is shown here that males of these same genotypes have even greater advantage in remating older, more discriminating females than they do in mating previously unmated, less discriminating females. Assortative mating is not found and thus cannot explain this effect. The mating system of these insects does, at least in this case, result in active female choice of generally favorable male genotypes as mates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watt, W B -- Carter, P A -- Donohue, K -- GM 26758/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 12;233(4769):1187-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3738528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Butterflies/genetics/*physiology ; Courtship ; Female ; Genotype ; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase/physiology ; Lepidoptera/*physiology ; Male ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology
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    Specific DNA probe for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-21
    Description: Malaria can be diagnosed either by direct microscopic examination of blood smears, which is time consuming and requires expertise, or by immunological techniques, which are effective but do not distinguish between past and present infections. In this study, a simple procedure was developed for spotting lysed blood from infected patients directly onto nitrocellulose paper and identifying the malaria species on the basis of hybridization of parasite DNA with a species-specific probe. A genomic DNA library of Plasmodium falciparum was screened to detect clones containing DNA sequences that are highly repeated within the parasite genome. Several such clones were further analyzed to identify those that hybridize specifically with P. falciparum DNA but not with DNA from humans, P. vivax, or P. cynomolgi. This technique appears to be sensitive enough to detect 10 picograms of purified P. falciparum DNA (equivalent to 100 parasites) and in field studies is able to detect approximately 40 parasites per microliter of blood.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barker, R H Jr -- Suebsaeng, L -- Rooney, W -- Alecrim, G C -- Dourado, H V -- Wirth, D F -- 2 PO1 AI 16305-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI 07167/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 21;231(4744):1434-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3513309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cloning, Molecular ; Collodion ; DNA/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Malaria/*diagnosis/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmodium/genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum/*genetics ; Plasmodium vivax/genetics
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    The predicted structure of immunoglobulin D1.3 and its comparison with the crystal structure (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-15
    Description: Predictions of the structures of the antigen-binding domains of an antibody, recorded before its experimental structure determination and tested subsequently, were based on comparative analysis of known antibody structures or on conformational energy calculations. The framework, the relative positions of the hypervariable regions, and the folds of four of the hypervariable loops were predicted correctly. This portion includes all residues in contact with the antigen, in this case hen egg white lysozyme, implying that the main chain conformation of the antibody combining site does not change upon ligation. The conformations of three residues in each of the other two hypervariable loops are different in the predicted models and the experimental structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chothia, C -- Lesk, A M -- Levitt, M -- Amit, A G -- Mariuzza, R A -- Phillips, S E -- Poljak, R J -- GM25435/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 15;233(4765):755-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3090684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; *Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Chickens ; Egg White ; Female ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; *Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region ; Models, Molecular ; Muramidase/immunology ; Protein Conformation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Molecular cloning of the chicken progesterone receptor (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-15
    Description: To define the functional domains of the progesterone receptor required for gene regulation, complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding the chicken progesterone receptor have been isolated from a chicken oviduct lambda gt11 cDNA expression library. Positive clones expressed antigenic determinants that cross-reacted with six monospecific antibodies derived from two independent sources. A 36-amino acid peptide sequence obtained by microsequencing of purified progesterone receptor was encoded by nucleotide sequences in the longest cDNA clone. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of the progesterone receptor deduced from the cDNA clones revealed a cysteine-rich region that was homologous to a region found in the estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors and to the avian erythroblastosis virus gag-erb-A fusion protein. Northern blot analysis with chicken progesterone receptor cDNA's indicated the existence of at least three messenger RNA species. These messages were found only in oviduct and could be induced by estrogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conneely, O M -- Sullivan, W P -- Toft, D O -- Birnbaumer, M -- Cook, R G -- Maxwell, B L -- Zarucki-Schulz, T -- Greene, G L -- Schrader, W T -- O'Malley, B W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 15;233(4765):767-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2426779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Base Sequence ; Chickens ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Cross Reactions ; DNA/*metabolism ; Epitopes/analysis ; Female ; *Genes ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oviducts/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Progesterone/*genetics ; Species Specificity
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    Bright light resets the human circadian pacemaker independent of the timing of the sleep-wake cycle (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-08
    Description: Human circadian rhythms were once thought to be insensitive to light, with synchronization to the 24-hour day accomplished either through social contacts or the sleep-wake schedule. Yet the demonstration of an intensity-dependent neuroendocrine response to bright light has led to renewed consideration of light as a possible synchronizer of the human circadian pacemaker. In a laboratory study, the output of the circadian pacemaker of an elderly woman was monitored before and after exposure to 4 hours of bright light for seven consecutive evenings, and before and after a control study in ordinary room light while her sleep-wake schedule and social contacts remained unchanged. The exposure to bright light in the evening induced a 6-hour delay shift of her circadian pacemaker, as indicated by recordings of body temperature and cortisol secretion. The unexpected magnitude, rapidity, and stability of the shift challenge existing concepts regarding circadian phase-resetting capacity in man and suggest that exposure to bright light can indeed reset the human circadian pacemaker, which controls daily variations in physiologic, behavioral, and cognitive function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Czeisler, C A -- Allan, J S -- Strogatz, S H -- Ronda, J M -- Sanchez, R -- Rios, C D -- Freitag, W O -- Richardson, G S -- Kronauer, R E -- 1 R01-AG-04912-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- 1 R01-HD-20174-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- AFOSR-83-0309/PHS HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 8;233(4764):667-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Body Temperature ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; *Light ; Sleep/*physiology
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    T-lymphocyte priming and protection against Friend leukemia by vaccinia-retrovirus env gene recombinant (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-07
    Description: The current prevalence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans has provoked renewed interest in methods of protective immunization against retrovirus-induced diseases. In this study, a vaccinia-retrovirus recombinant vector was constructed to study mechanisms of immune protection against Friend virus leukemia in mice. The envelope (env) gene from Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) was inserted into the genome of a vaccinia virus expression vector. Infected cells synthesized gp85, the glycosylated primary product of the env gene. Processing to gp70 and p15E, and cell surface localization, were similar to that occurring in cells infected with F-MuLV. Mice inoculated with live recombinant vaccinia virus had an envelope-specific T-cell proliferative response and, after challenge with Friend virus complex, developed neutralizing antibody and cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and were protected against leukemia. In contrast, unimmunized and control groups developed a delayed neutralizing antibody response, but no detectable CTL, and succumbed to leukemia. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex influenced protection induced by the vaccinia recombinant but not that induced by attenuated N-tropic Friend virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Earl, P L -- Moss, B -- Morrison, R P -- Wehrly, K -- Nishio, J -- Chesebro, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 7;234(4777):728-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3490689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens/*immunology ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Friend murine leukemia virus/genetics/immunology ; *Genes, Viral ; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/prevention & control ; Leukemia, Experimental/*prevention & control ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Sex Factors ; Spleen/microbiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/*immunology ; Vaccinia virus/genetics/immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*immunology ; Viral Vaccines/*immunology
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    Genetic control of melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland of the mouse (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-31
    Description: Pineal melatonin may play an important role in regulation of vertebrate circadian rhythms and in human affective disorders. In some mammals, such as hamsters and sheep, melatonin is involved in photoperiodic time measurement and in control of reproduction. Although wild mice (Mus domesticus) and some wild-derived inbred strains of mice have melatonin in their pineal glands, several inbred strains of laboratory mice (for example, C57BL/6J) were found not to have detectable melatonin in their pineal glands. Genetic analysis suggests that melatonin deficiency in C57BL/6J mice results from mutations in two independently segregating, autosomal recessive genes. Synthesis of melatonin from serotonin in the pineal gland requires the enzymes N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). Pineal glands from C57BL/6J mice have neither NAT nor HIOMT activity. These results suggest that the two genes involved in melatonin deficiency are responsible for the absence of normal NAT and HIOMT enzyme activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebihara, S -- Marks, T -- Hudson, D J -- Menaker, M -- 13162/PHS HHS/ -- FO5TW03377/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 31;231(4737):491-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Kinetics ; Male ; Melatonin/biosynthesis/deficiency/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Pineal Gland/*metabolism ; Reference Values ; Species Specificity
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    Detection of smoking-related covalent DNA adducts in human placenta (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-03
    Description: The presence of covalent DNA chemical addition products (adducts) in human term placentas was investigated by recently developed immunologic and 32P-postlabeling assays. DNA from placental specimens of smokers showed a small but not statistically significant increase in adduct levels when tested by antibodies to DNA modified with a benzo[a]pyrene dihydrodiol epoxide (BPDE-I), the ultimate carcinogenic derivative of benzo[a]pyrene. The postlabeling assay detected several modified nucleotides, one of which (adduct 1) strongly related to maternal smoking during pregnancy. This adduct was present in placental tissue from 16 of 17 smokers, but only 3 of 14 nonsmokers. Among smokers, levels of adduct 1 in general were only weakly related to questionnaire and biochemical measures of the intensity of smoking exposures, which suggests modulation by individual susceptibility factors. The adduct seemed to be derived from an aromatic carcinogen, but it may not result from several of the most intensely studied polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or aromatic amines in tobacco smoke. The data show the association of cigarette smoking with covalent damage to human DNA in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Everson, R B -- Randerath, E -- Santella, R M -- Cefalo, R C -- Avitts, T A -- Randerath, K -- CA 10893/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 32157/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 3;231(4733):54-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941892" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carcinogens/metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Placenta/*analysis ; Pregnancy ; *Smoking
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    Human DNA repository (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Felix, J S -- Badman, W S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 17;231(4735):203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cloning, Molecular ; *Dna ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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    Infectious mutants of HTLV-III with changes in the 3' region and markedly reduced cytopathic effects (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-08
    Description: A variant of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) is described that replicates but does not kill normal human T cells in vitro. This variant, designated X10-1, was derived from the genome of a cytopathic HTLV-III clone (pHXB2D) by excision of a 200-base pair segment in the 3' region of the virus, spanning the env and 3'-orf genes. Comparable variants with 55 to 109 base pairs deleted exclusively in 3'-orf produced, in contrast, virus that was extremely cytopathic. On the basis of these findings it is concluded that the 3'-orf gene is not required for cytopathogenicity or replication of HTLV-III. In addition, the results suggest that virus replication and cytotoxicity are not intrinsically coupled. Furthermore, since clone X10-1 retains the ability to trans-activate genes linked to the viral long terminal repeats, trans-activation per se is not responsible for T-cell killing by HTLV-III. These results also raise the possibility that the carboxyl terminus of the envelope gene of HTLV-III has a direct role in T-cell killing by this virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, A G -- Ratner, L -- Mitsuya, H -- Marselle, L M -- Harper, M E -- Broder, S -- Gallo, R C -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 8;233(4764):655-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
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    Prorenin in high concentrations in human ovarian follicular fluid (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-26
    Description: Although the kidney is a major source of prorenin, the precursor of renin, there are extrarenal sources for plasma prorenin that have not been identified. The selective increase in plasma prorenin at the time of ovulation suggested that one of these sources might be the ovary. Prorenin was therefore measured in fluid aspirated from 18 ovarian follicles and in plasma collected from three women who were undergoing in vitro fertilization. The follicular fluid contained high concentrations of prorenin that were approximately 12 times higher than plasma prorenin. The prorenin from follicular fluid was immunochemically identical to kidney and plasma prorenin. Thus, the ovary is a likely source for the ovulatory peak of plasma prorenin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glorioso, N -- Atlas, S A -- Laragh, J H -- Jewelewicz, R -- Sealey, J E -- HL-18323-SCR/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 26;233(4771):1422-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3529392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensinogen/blood/secretion ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Enzyme Precursors/blood/*secretion ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Ovarian Follicle/*enzymology ; Renin/blood/*secretion
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    Amitotic neuroblastoma cells used for neural implants in monkeys (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-26
    Description: The potential utility of cultured neuroblastoma cells as donor tissue for neutral implants into the mammalian brain has been examined. Cells from a human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32, were labeled with [3H]thymidine and chemically rendered amitotic. These differentiated IMR-32 cells were grafted into the hippocampi of five adult African Green monkeys, and graft survival was evaluated for up to 270 days after transplantation. Autoradiographically labeled grafted cells were identified in four animals. Processes from grafted cells could be followed for distances of up to 150 micrometers into the host brain. No evidence for neoplastic growth of the transplant was found. Thus, grafted neuroblastoma cells can survive for prolonged periods in the primate brain and may serve as a practical source of donor tissue for neural implants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gash, D M -- Notter, M F -- Okawara, S H -- Kraus, A L -- Joynt, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 26;233(4771):1420-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3749886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Brain/*cytology ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; DNA Replication ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neuroblastoma/*pathology ; Neurons/*transplantation ; Thymidine/metabolism ; Tritium
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    Working women still segregated and underpaid (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 31;231(4737):449.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Economics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Prejudice ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; United States ; *Women ; *Women, Working
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    Interspecific genetic control of courtship song production and reception in Drosophila (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: The genetic control of courtship song differences between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans males was investigated by producing hybrids from reciprocal crosses. The song rhythm difference between the parental species appears to be due to sex-linked genes, whereas the basic interpulse-interval difference is autosomally inherited. Hybrid females show selective preferences for artificially generated songs carrying intermediate "hybrid" characteristics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kyriacou, C P -- Hall, J C -- GM 21473/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):494-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3083506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Communication ; Animals ; *Courtship ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Species Specificity
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    Nucleotide sequence of a bovine clone encoding the angiogenic protein, basic fibroblast growth factor (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-01
    Description: Basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors (FGF's) are potent mitogens for capillary endothelial cells in vitro, stimulate angiogenesis in vivo, and may participate in tissue repair. An oligonucleotide probe for bovine basic FGF was designed from the nucleotide sequence of the amino-terminal exon of bovine acidic FGF, taking into account the 55 percent amino acid sequence homology between the two factors. With this oligonucleotide probe, a full length complementary DNA for basic FGF was isolated from bovine pituitary. Basic FGF in bovine hypothalamus was shown to be encoded by a single 5.0-kilobase messenger RNA; in a human hepatoma cell line, both 4.6- and 2.2-kilobase basic FGF messenger RNA's were present. Both growth factors seem to be synthesized with short amino-terminal extensions that are not found on the isolated forms for which the amino acid sequences have been determined. Neither basic nor acidic FGF has a classic signal peptide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abraham, J A -- Mergia, A -- Whang, J L -- Tumolo, A -- Friedman, J -- Hjerrild, K A -- Gospodarowicz, D -- Fiddes, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 1;233(4763):545-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2425435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/*genetics ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Cloning, Molecular ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/*genetics/pharmacology ; Growth Substances/*genetics ; Neovascularization, Pathologic
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    Mystery disease at Lake Tahoe challenges virologists and clinicians (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):541-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3020689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Herpesviridae ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Infectious Mononucleosis/microbiology ; Male ; Nevada ; Syndrome ; Virus Diseases/epidemiology/*microbiology
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    AIDS and female circumcision (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burton, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 14;231(4743):1236.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*transmission ; Africa ; *Circumcision, Male ; Female ; Humans
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  • 80
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    Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase structural mutant (Gly281----Glu) in a case of porphyria (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-07
    Description: Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency in man is responsible for familial porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatoerythropoietic porphyria. A recent study of a family with hepatoerythropoietic porphyria showed that the enzyme defect resulted from rapid degradation of the protein in vivo. Cloning and sequencing of a complementary DNA for the mutated gene revealed that the mutation was due to the replacement of a glycine residue by a glutamic acid residue at position 281. This base change leads to a protein that is very rapidly degraded in the presence of cell lysate. Characterization of the mutation will allow comparison of this defect in a homozygous patient with defects in other patients with familial porphyria cutanea tarda.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Verneuil, H -- Grandchamp, B -- Beaumont, C -- Picat, C -- Nordmann, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 7;234(4777):732-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Carboxy-Lyases/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Humans ; Liver Diseases/genetics ; Mutation ; Porphyrias/*genetics ; Skin Diseases/genetics ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase/deficiency/*genetics/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    Retinal dystrophy: development retarded by galactose feeding in spontaneously hypertensive rats (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-24
    Description: Retinal photoreceptor cell dystrophies have been widely observed in humans and in animals, but pathogenetic mechanisms are known in only a few such disorders, and successful therapeutic intervention has been reported in fewer still. Spontaneously hypertensive albino rats develop a retinal photoreceptor cell dystrophy with onset late in the first year or early in the second year of life. Between 60 and 70 percent of the animals are affected. A substantial reduction in the prevalence and severity of the dystrophy occurred in such animals whose diet contained 30 percent (by weight) D-galactose. Neither an inhibitor of the enzyme aldose reductase, present in the diet, nor diabetes mellitus, induced by streptozotocin, had any statistically significant influence on the dystrophy. Ambient light and systolic blood pressure levels also did not seem to influence the course of the disorder. The mechanism by which galactose exerts its effect is unknown, but a mutant enzyme with an elevated Michaelis constant (Km) for galactose is plausible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frank, R N -- Keirn, R J -- Keirn, G V -- Mancini, M A -- Khoury, J K -- EY-02566/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):376-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications ; Female ; Galactose/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Imidazoles/therapeutic use ; *Imidazolidines ; Rats ; *Rats, Inbred SHR ; *Rats, Inbred Strains ; Retina/pathology ; Retinal Degeneration/complications/*drug therapy/pathology
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  • 82
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    Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-07
    Description: The mechanism by which the estrogen receptor and other steroid hormone receptors regulate gene expression in eukaryotic cells is not well understood. In this study, a complementary DNA clone containing the entire translated portion of the messenger RNA for the estrogen receptor from MCF-7 human breast cancer cells was sequenced and then expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells to give a functional protein. An open reading frame of 1785 nucleotides in the complementary DNA corresponded to a polypeptide of 595 amino acids and a molecular weight of 66,200, which is in good agreement with published molecular weight values of 65,000 to 70,000 for the estrogen receptor. Homogenates of transformed Chinese hamster ovary cells containing a protein that bound [3H]estradiol and sedimented as a 4S complex in salt-containing sucrose gradients and as an 8 to 9S complex in the absence of salt. Interaction of this receptor-[3H]estradiol complex with a monoclonal antibody that is specific for primate ER confirms the identity of the expressed complementary DNA as human estrogen receptor. Amino acid sequence comparisons revealed significant regional homology among the human estrogen receptor, the human glucocorticoid receptor, and the putative v-erbA oncogene product. This suggests that steroid receptor genes and the avian erythroblastosis viral oncogene are derived from a common primordial gene. The homologous region, which is rich in cysteine, lysine, and arginine, may represent the DNA-binding domain of these proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greene, G L -- Gilna, P -- Waterfield, M -- Baker, A -- Hort, Y -- Shine, J -- CA-02897/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD17103/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 7;231(4742):1150-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3753802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/analysis ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Receptors, Estrogen/*genetics ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 83
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    Molecular cloning and expression of neuroleukin, a neurotrophic factor for spinal and sensory neurons (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-31
    Description: A novel 56,000-dalton growth factor found in mouse salivary gland was purified, molecularly cloned, and expressed in monkey COS cells. The protein is a neurotrophic factor and also, surprisingly, a lymphokine product of lectin-stimulated T cells. The factor was therefore named neuroleukin. Neuroleukin promotes the survival in culture of a subpopulation of embryonic spinal neurons that probably includes skeletal motor neurons. Neuroleukin also supports the survival of cultured sensory neurons that are insensitive to nerve growth factor, but has no effect on sympathetic or parasympathetic neurons. The amino acid sequence of neuroleukin is partly homologous to a highly conserved region of the external envelope protein of HTLV-III/LAV, the retrovirus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gurney, M E -- Heinrich, S P -- Lee, M R -- Yin, H S -- 5PO1 NS-21442/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):566-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3764429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase ; Growth Substances/genetics/*physiology ; Lymphokines/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Motor Neurons/drug effects ; Muscles/innervation ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Neurons/drug effects ; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects ; Salivary Glands/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 84
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    Youth suicide: new research focuses on a growing social problem (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 22;233(4766):839-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3738513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Depressive Disorder/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Research ; Sex Factors ; Suicide/*prevention & control/psychology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    Proposed new psychiatric diagnoses raise charges of gender bias (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):327-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Mental Disorders/*classification/diagnosis ; Premenstrual Syndrome/diagnosis/psychology ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    How important is dietary calcium in preventing osteoporosis? (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 1;233(4763):519-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Calcium, Dietary/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/*prevention & control
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 87
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    A novel human gene closely related to the abl proto-oncogene (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-19
    Description: A DNA sequence related to the abl proto-oncogene was identified in human placenta. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis revealed two putative exons whose predicted amino acid sequence was most homologous to the corresponding sequences of c-abl and v-abl but was related to other tyrosine kinase genes as well. The new sequence was localized by in situ hybridization and somatic cell genetic analysis to human chromosome 1q24-25, which differs from the location of any previously identified tyrosine kinase gene. The detection of a novel 12-kb transcript by this gene in human normal and tumor cells establishes it as a new member of the tyrosine kinase family that is closely related to but distinct from c-abl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kruh, G D -- King, C R -- Kraus, M H -- Popescu, N C -- Amsbaugh, S C -- McBride, W O -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1545-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3787260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; Exons ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; Placenta/analysis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*genetics
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  • 88
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    Androgens regulate the dendritic length of mammalian motoneurons in adulthood (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-18
    Description: Sex steroid hormones have been thought to alter behaviors in adulthood by changing the activity of neural circuits rather than by inducing major structural changes in these pathways. In a group of androgen-sensitive motoneurons that mediate male copulatory functions, decreases in androgen levels after castration of adult rats produced dramatic structural changes, decreasing both the dendritic length and soma size of these motoneurons. These changes were reversed by androgen replacement. These results imply a surprising degree of synaptic plasticity in adult motoneurons and suggest that normal changes in androgen levels in adulthood are associated with significant alterations in the structure and function of these neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurz, E M -- Sengelaub, D R -- Arnold, A P -- HD15021/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS07355-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 18;232(4748):395-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/pharmacology/*physiology ; Animals ; Castration ; Dendrites/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Motor Neurons/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology ; Testosterone/pharmacology
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  • 89
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    Genetic screening raises questions for employers and insurers (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 18;232(4748):317-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2938255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Child ; Employment ; *Ethics, Medical ; Female ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; *Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/genetics ; Insurance, Health ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; develop later in life or under certain environmental conditions raises many ; ethical concerns. Among these are the experimental nature of these tests, the age ; at which they should be offered to individuals, and the repercussions of ; disclosing test results to patients, employers, and insurance companies. At ; present, research is most advanced on the marker for Huntington's disease, and ; Massachusetts General Hospital and Johns Hopkins University Hospital soon will ; become the first institutions to offer screening for this disorder. Although ; Johns Hopkins plans to treat the results as confidential research data, many ; investigators acknowledge that it will be difficult in the future to keep the ; information from third parties. Kolata warns that now is the time to develop ; policies for handling data, before widespread genetic testing becomes a reality.
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  • 90
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    Human endothelial cell growth factor: cloning, nucleotide sequence, and chromosome localization (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-01
    Description: Several of the endothelial cell polypeptide mitogens that have been described probably play a role in blood vessel homeostasis. Two overlapping complementary DNA clones encoding human endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) were isolated from a human brain stem complementary DNA library. Southern blot analysis suggested that there is a single copy of the ECGF gene and that it maps to human chromosome 5 at bands 5q31.3 to 33.2 A 4.8-kilobase messenger RNA was present in human brain stem messenger RNA. The complete amino acid sequence of human ECGF was deduced from the nucleic acid sequence of these clones; it encompasses all the well-characterized acidic endothelial cell polypeptide mitogens described by several laboratories. The ECGF-encoding open reading frame is flanked by translation stop codons and provides no signal peptide or internal hydrophobic domain for the secretion of ECGF. This property is shared by human interleukin-1, which is approximately 30 percent homologous to ECGF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaye, M -- Howk, R -- Burgess, W -- Ricca, G A -- Chiu, I M -- Ravera, M W -- O'Brien, S J -- Modi, W S -- Maciag, T -- Drohan, W N -- AG04807/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HL23348/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL35627/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 1;233(4763):541-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3523756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Brain Stem/metabolism ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; Growth Substances/*genetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/genetics ; Liver/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
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  • 91
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    AIDS research in new phase (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 18;233(4761):282-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Africa ; Animals ; Deltaretrovirus/pathogenicity ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Rabbits ; United States
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  • 92
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    Synchronized rearrangement of T-cell gamma and beta chain genes in fetal thymocyte development (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-24
    Description: Kinetics of mouse T-cell gamma gene rearrangements in ontogeny were determined as an approach to understanding the possible role of these genes in the development of fetal thymocytes. Two of these genes (C gamma 1 and C gamma 2) rearranged rapidly during days 14 to 17 of the gestational period in BALB/c mice. Moreover, these rearrangements seemed to be tightly synchronized with rearrangements of T-cell receptor beta chain genes in the same cells. It is suggested that the early transcriptional activity of gamma genes, which precedes that of beta chain genes, may not reflect the functional activation of these genes. Nevertheless, productive and therefore potentially functional gamma gene rearrangements precede surface expression of T-cell receptors in the thymus by 2 to 3 days, which is compatible with a role for gamma gene products in thymocyte development prior to antigen-specific stages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Born, W -- Rathbun, G -- Tucker, P -- Marrack, P -- Kappler, J -- AI 18016/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 18785/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI17134/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 24;234(4775):479-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3020688" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Hybridomas/physiology ; Mice ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*physiology ; Thymus Gland/*embryology/physiology
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  • 93
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    Social relationships and social cognition in nonhuman primates (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-12-12
    Description: Complex social relationships among nonhuman primates appear to contribute to individual reproductive success. Experiments with and behavioral observations of natural populations suggest that sophisticated cognitive mechanisms may underlie primate social relationships. Similar capacities are usually less apparent in the nonsocial realm, supporting the view that at least some aspects of primate intelligence evolved to solve the challenges of interacting with conspecifics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheney, D -- Seyfarth, R -- Smuts, B -- NH 19826/NH/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 12;234(4782):1361-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3538419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cognition ; Female ; Male ; Pair Bond ; Primates/*physiology ; *Social Behavior ; Social Dominance ; Social Perception
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  • 94
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    Correction of murine beta-thalassemia by gene transfer into the germ line (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-09-12
    Description: A murine beta-thalassemia was corrected by the transfer of cloned beta-globin genes into the mouse germ line. The cloned mouse beta maj-globin gene or the cloned human beta-globin gene was introduced into mice deficient in beta-globin synthesis because of a deletion of the beta maj-globin gene. Both introduced genes produced functional beta-globin chains, leading to a reduction in one case, and elimination in another case, of the anemia and associated abnormalities of the red blood cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Costantini, F -- Chada, K -- Magram, J -- HD17704/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 12;233(4769):1192-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3461564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Genes ; *Genetic Engineering ; Germ Cells/*physiology ; Globins/genetics ; Hemoglobins/genetics ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Thalassemia/genetics/*therapy
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  • 95
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    Evolution of mechanisms controlling mating behavior (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-01-10
    Description: The proximate mechanisms underlying mating behavior in naturally occurring species can be fundamentally different from those in more commonly studied laboratory and domesticated forms. In naturally occurring species, reproductive strategies are much more diverse, and mechanisms controlling behavior are correspondingly diverse. A variety of hormonal, environmental, and social cues can be used to activate mating behavior. Which cues are used by particular species depends on differences in environmental and physiological constraints imposed by particular reproductive strategies. Study of this diversity of mechanisms promises to identify specific selective forces that have shaped their evolution. This evolutionary perspective leads to widely applicable generalizations and provides a useful context within which to conceptualize differences between species, populations, and individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crews, D -- Moore, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 10;231(4734):121-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds ; Brain/physiology ; Copulation/physiology ; Drosophila ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/physiology ; Lizards ; Male ; Mammals ; Reproduction ; Sex Differentiation ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Shrews ; Snakes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 96
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    Identification of HTLV-III/LAV sor gene product and detection of antibodies in human sera (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-28
    Description: The nucleotide sequence of the genome of HTLV-III, the infectious agent etiologically associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, predicts a small open reading frame, termed sor, located between the pol and env genes. A DNA segment containing 82 percent of the sor region was inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector, pJL6, to determine whether sor encodes a viral protein and to gain some insight into its possible function. The bacterially synthesized sor protein reacted with sera from individuals infected with HTLV-III, indicating that sor is expressed as a protein product or products that are immunogenic in vivo. Antibodies to the purified, bacterially synthesized sor protein were found to react specifically with the same protein and also with a protein of molecular weight 23,000 (23K) in HTLV-III-infected H9 cell extracts. The 23K protein comigrated with a protein immunoprecipitated by the serum of a hemophiliac patient with antibodies to HTLV-III, suggesting that this protein is probably the sor gene product.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kan, N C -- Franchini, G -- Wong-Staal, F -- DuBois, G C -- Robey, W G -- Lautenberger, J A -- Papas, T S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 28;231(4745):1553-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3006245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics/immunology ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Retroviridae Proteins/*genetics/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    New human T-lymphotropic retrovirus related to simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-IIIAGM) (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-11
    Description: This report describes serologic evidence for a virus similar to that known as simian T-lymphotropic virus type III of African Green monkeys (STLV-IIIAGM) infecting apparently healthy people in Senegal, West Africa, and the isolation of virus from these individuals. Serum samples from selected healthy West African people showed unusual serologic profiles when tested with antigens of HTLV-III/LAV, the etiologic agent of AIDS, and of STLV-IIIAGM. The samples reacted strongly with all of the major viral antigens of STLV-IIIAGM but showed variable or no reactivity with the major viral antigens of HTLV-III/LAV by radioimmunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A new human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-IV) isolated from these people was grown in vitro and shown to have retroviral type particles, growth characteristics, and major viral proteins similar to those of the STLV-III and HTLV-III/LAV group of retroviruses. The gp120/160, gp32, p64, p55, p53, p24, and p15 proteins precipitated were the same size as and reactive with STLV-IIIAGM proteins. The serologic data suggest that this virus shares more common epitopes with STLV-IIIAGM than with the prototype HTLV-III/LAV that infects people in the United States and Europe. Further study of this virus and of the origin of the HTLV-III/LAV group of viruses may expand our understanding of the human AIDS virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kanki, P J -- Barin, F -- M'Boup, S -- Allan, J S -- Romet-Lemonne, J L -- Marlink, R -- McLane, M F -- Lee, T H -- Arbeille, B -- Denis, F -- CA 18216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 37466/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ST 32 CA9382/ST/OHS HRSA HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 11;232(4747):238-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3006256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology/transmission ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Cercopithecus aethiops/microbiology ; Cross Reactions ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Retroviridae/immunology/isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Retroviridae Infections/immunology/microbiology ; Senegal ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 98
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    Ethical guidelines proposed for reproductive technology (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 19;233(4770):1255.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3749876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Embryo Transfer ; *Ethics, Medical ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Insemination, Artificial ; Male ; Oocyte Donation ; Pregnancy ; *Reproduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Researchers seek melanoma gene (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 9;232(4751):708-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Genes ; Male ; Melanoma/*genetics ; Nevus/genetics ; Skin Neoplasms/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    AIDS retrovirus (ARV-2) clone replicates in transfected human and animal fibroblasts (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-23
    Description: A molecular clone of the AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV-2) was transfected into human T lymphocyte and monocyte cell lines as well as mouse, mink, monkey, and human fibroblast lines. A replicating virus with cytopathic and biologic properties of ARV-2 was recovered from all the cell lines. The animal and human fibroblast cells are resistant to direct infection by ARV, and in these experiments virus production in the fibroblast lines, especially mouse, was reduced compared to human lymphocytes. However, human fibroblasts were more permissive to virus expression than mouse cells. These results show that, whereas the primary block to ARV infection in certain cells may occur at the cell surface, intracellular mechanisms can also participate in controlling virus replication. The results have relevance to vaccine development and encourage further work with modified molecular clones to examine regions of the ARV genome necessary for cytopathology and replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy, J A -- Cheng-Mayer, C -- Dina, D -- Luciw, P A -- CA34980/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 23;232(4753):998-1001.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3010461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/*growth & development ; Fibroblasts/microbiology ; Humans ; Species Specificity ; Transfection ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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