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  • Articles  (3,138)
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (3,138)
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  • 1950-1954
  • 1983  (3,138)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (3,138)
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  • Articles  (3,138)
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  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (3,138)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear feedback system design (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 35-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Via fractional representation methods, this paper tries to clarify the role of various conditions used in the feedback system design and stability with respect to the well-posedness of the system, the existence of a solution for stability and design, and the parameterization of the set of complete solutions. The design criterion for stable feedback system design can be used for filters design, as shown in Section 5. Systems to be considered in this paper include the linear time-varying case and results can easily be extended to the case where systems do not have the same number of inputs and outputs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598142
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the existence of self-excited oscillations in systems with discontinuous elements (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 57-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Conditions are established which ensure the existence (or non-existence) of limit cycles in feedback systems containing discontinuous elements or elements with hysteresis. The results are applied to a specific example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598144
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consistent initial conditions for singular nonlinear systems (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Conclusion A necessary condition for consistent initial conditions for singular nonlinear systems has been discussed. It is shown that for linear systems or systems of index less than three these conditions are equivlaent to previously reported results. However, for nonlinear systems of index greater than two these new conditions correct those previously reported. One consequence is that Euler's method may fail to estimate solutions for some semi-state equations. R. W. Newcomb's provision of an earlier version of [14] and subsequent correspondence is gratefully acknowledged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598143
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scattering and admittance matrices of SAW transducers (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 161-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Thep-plane scattering and admittance matrices of SAW transducers consisting ofn equal sections modeled through the hybrid equivalent circuit are explicitly calculated. The results are specialized to the in-line and crossed-field models, and the technique is developed for unequal section transducers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599156
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the properties of linear spectral transformations for 2-dimensional digital filters (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 203-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A set of eight linear spectral transformations which can be used in the design of two-dimensional digital filters is studied from a group-theoretic point of view. Several properties of the transformations, some of them known and some of them new, are deduced and are then applied in the implementation of 2-D digital filters. It is shown that trade-offs exist which can be used to reduce either the amount of memory required for the programming or the amount of data manipulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599159
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new negative resistance oscillator model (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 213-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A physically justifiable mathematical model is proposed for a class of current-controlled, negative resistance oscillators having terminal characteristics which are poorly represented by the van der Pol, Scott, and Ceschia-Zecchin equations. Such resonators are typified by the monolithic emitter-coupled astable multivibrator (ECAM). A unique, three-parameter equation, based on the inverse hyperbolic tangent, is matched to the ECAM voltage-current curve. Using the method of Kryloff and Bogoliuboff, the transient and steady-state behavior of the ECAM is derived for oscillation with single-mode and double-mode LCR networks under quasi-linear conditions. An expression for the time of amplitude build-up and decay is derived. A phase plane is constructed for the double-mode case, yielding a system apparently free of simultaneous modes. The validity of the model is experimentally verified for quartz-controlled ECAM devices. The analysis results are extendable ton resonant modes and may be generalized to voltage-controlled devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599160
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution spectral analysis using multiple-interval adaptive prediction (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 421-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The problem of adaptively detecting two sinusoids corrupted by noise is considered, with emphasis on resolution properties. The approach is to form a spectral estimate from the coefficients of a Δ-step-ahead adaptive predictor. A theoretical analysis reveals that attention to the choice of the prediction horizon Δ gives a distinct improvement in the spectral estimate and in the resolution of the signals. The theoretical results are illustrated with numerical examples. Comparisons with previously suggested techniques are also made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599163
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ARMA spectral estimation based on partial autocorrelations (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 341-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a new method for estimating the coefficients of autoregressive moving-average parameters of stationary time series. The method is based on computing the sample autocorrelations of the given time series and fitting an ARMA model so as to approximate the partial autocorrelations in a least-squares sense. When the given time series are characterized by spectral zeroes near the unit circle, they tend to have relatively long sequences of nonzero partial autocorrelations; hence the new method is especially effective in such cases. This paper contains a derivation of all necessary mathematical details, as well as several numerical examples illustrating the performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599075
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feedback system design: The single-variate case — Part II (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 3-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Summary of Part I The present article represents a survey of a new frequency domain approach to the feedback system design problem. Although the theory applies to the general multivariate case and, in fact, much of the theory can be extended to a general ring theoretic setting for the purpose of the present exposition we will restrict ourselves to the single-variate case wherein the simple algebraic nature of the new theory is most readily apparent. In Part I1 we introduced the concept of a stable rational fractional representation for a feedback system and derived an asymptotic design theory therefrom. This included a complete parameterization for the set of compensators which stabilize the system under appropriate tracking and/or disturbance rejection constraints. Moreover, expressions for the feedback system gains of the resulting system which are linear (actually affine) in the underlying design parameter are obtained. As such, the process of choosing a specific design within this set to meet additional specifications is greatly simplified. In Part II we investigate a number of these constraints. These include the robust design problem, transfer function design, the pole placement problem, the simultaneous design problem, and the problem of designing a stable stabilizing compensator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598141
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the anti-sidetone telephone circuit (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 99-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The anti-sidetone telephone circuit is a frequency-independent passive reciprocal 3-port whose scattering matrix between three prescribed resistive terminations (transmitter, receiver, line) meets a certain specification. In their 1920 paper, Campbell and Foster (CF) showed that the prescribed 3-port can be realized as a lossless 4-port consisting in two 3-winding transformers closed on one resistance (the balancing network). If one (two) relations are imposed between the terminating resistances of the 4-port, realizations involving a single 3-winding (2-winding) transformer are available, and the resulting 136 (38) distinct realizations have been listed by CF. In this paper, we reestablish the CF-results (which were stated almost without proof in their paper and have never been rediscussed in the literature) and present a genetic classification of their 136 + 38 circuits. Recently, a realization of the anti-sidetone 3-port containing more than one internal resistance (in addition to the balancing network, a light-emitting diode serves to illuminate the dial) has been described by D. R. Means; in this paper, we present a complete characterization of that wider class of circuits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598147
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A semi-nonsingular sampled data model of a delayor (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A differential operational amplifier with reverse switched and fixed capacitors produces a semi-nonsingular sampled data system which leads to a delayed sample and hold signal. Such a device can be suitably applied to a compensating resonant low-pass filter which is derived within theclass of Rader-Gold transforms. The resonant low-pass filter application demonstrates that analog transfer functions with bounded spectrums can be converted to accurate digital spectrum counterparts without pole-zero decompositions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599155
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Realization of a multivariable positive real function with polynomial derivative being a reactance function (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 239-253 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Multivariable positive real functions whose polynomial derivatives are reactance functions — a characteristic not possible in the case of single-variable positive real functions — are discussed. It is shown that the input impedances of certain cascaded multivariable networks belong to this class. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a multivariable positive real function with unity degree in each variable to be the input impedance of a resistively-terminated cascade of two lossless two-ports in mutually exclusive variables and separated by a series inductor or a shunt capacitor in another variable are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599161
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    One canonical form for higher-index linear time-varying singular systems (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 311-326 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract One form of the singular systemAx′+Bx=f is considered. The analytic solution, perturbation, and numerical solution of this form are examined. A class of systems which may be transformed into this form without altering these properties is characterized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599073
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An infinite impulse response lattice filter for adaptive line enhancement (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 391-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The least-squares lattice filter is used to implement an infinite-impulse-response adaptive filter for the enhancement of narrowband signals in the presence of white or finitely correlated noise. The advantages of infinite impulse response filters for adaptive line enhancement are discussed. The performance of the proposed technique is illustrated by simulation results.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599162
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New realization of inductances for switched-capacitor filters using voltage inverter switches (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 469-485 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a new design method of inductance simulation for switched-capacitor (SC) filters based on the VIS-SC concept. The resulting circuits have not only the excellent sensitivity behavior of VIS-SC filters, but also the low sensitivity to the main parasitics occuring in the MOS integrated circuit, i.e., the parasitic capacitances between the bottom plates of the implemented capacitors and substrate. As examples, a sixth-order band-pass and a sixth-order band-stop elliptic filter transformed from a third-order low-pass are given. Experimental results agree very well with theory. A brief analysis is given of certain parasitic effects in band-stop filters at the Nyquist frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599165
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598140
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The order of complexity of RLC-nullor networks (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 89-98 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract An upper bound on the order of complexity of a solvable RLC-nullor network is found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598146
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Envelope-constrained filters with uncertain input (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 131-154 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In an envelope-constrained filtering problem with uncertain input the set of possible input waveforms and the set of permissible output waveforms are each defined by envelope constraints (time domain inequalities). The object is to find the optimal (minimal norm) inpulse response for which every waveform in the input envelope evokes a response in the output envelope. The problem is solved by extending earlier results for a single specified input. The solution is further extended to allow for unknown-but-bounded errors in the filter realization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599154
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Cascade realization of 2-D separable in denominator filters (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 193-201 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract After selecting the most suitable model for the class of two-dimensional quarter-plane-causal, recursive, and separable in denominator (CRSD) filters, a procedure for realizing a cascade system of such filters is developed. The realization utilizes the individual CRSD models constituting the cascade system. An example is given to further illustrate the technique.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599158
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    On an aspect of matched filters in continuous and discrete time (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 269-276 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we present an approach for improving the output signal-to-noise power ratio of a discrete-time matched filter by employing a continuous-time filter, even though the continuous-time signal input is imperfectly known. It is shown that is it possible to design a continuous-time filter which is robust to inexact knowledge of the signal input; moreover, the robustness property does not severely compromise performance. In fact, it is shown that the resulting filter possesses an output signal-to-noise power ratio which upper bounds that of the discrete-time filter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599070
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    An alternate technique for min-max design of multiband finite impulse response digital filters (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 285-309 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The practical issue addressed in this paper is the automated design of FIR multiband digital filters. The specific theoretical filter-design problem addressed is what to do over the transition regions if a min-max design criterion is adopted. The technique suggested consists of formulating the design over the entire band [0,π]. Advantages and disadvantages of this approach versus the use of “don't care” bands are examined. Specific comparisons pertaining to FIR multiband design are presented. The specific contribution of the paper is twofold: (i) A suggestion for the type of functions to use as an objective over the transition regions if a full band [0,π] min-max formulation is to be used. (ii) A design technique for multiband FIR which appears useful in a CAD context. This technique gives results comparable to those obtained with the “don't care” band approach. However, the new procedure requires less user interaction and is thus much easier to automate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599072
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
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    Optimum FIR and IIR multistage multirate filter design (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 361-386 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A theorem is introduced which is useful in deriving equivalent multirate filter structures. Frequency responses of multistage multirate filters are derived and defined by deriving their equivalent one-stage filters. A design principle is proposed to reduce filtering requirements at each stage and move the filter operations to low-sampling-rate stages and thus result in a lower arithmetic rate. Optimum FIR and IIR multistage multirate filter designs are developed based on this principle. The new design has a one-point passband specification for each decimator and/or interpolator stage resulting in a wider transition region and lower filter order. Examples are given to explain the design procedure, and comparisons are made to show the superiority of the new filters.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599076
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  • 23
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    Source-oriented adaptive beamforming (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 487-516 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A system concept expected to improve sonar multiple target detection and classification performance in severe directional interference environments is presented. Adaptive nulling of undesired strong interference sources and detection of desired weak sources are achieved by utilizing constrained adaptive processing techniquestogether with conventional processing techniques. The adaptive processing functions are incorporated in the overall system architecture in a manner which maintains the computational complexity and storage requirementslinearly proportional to the product of the number of interference sources and the number of adaptive weights per interference source. In addition, a detailed discussion is provided concerning the importance of certaina priori assumptions on constrained adaptive algorithm performance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599166
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  • 24
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    Series expansions for nonlinear systems (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 77-87 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we generalize recent theorems concerning the existence (and algorithms for obtaining) a power-series-type expansion for a nonlinear system's outputs in terms of its inputs. The results given here are directly applicable to a much larger class of systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598145
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  • 25
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    Maximally flat rational approximants in multidimensional filter design (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 119-128 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Explicit conditions required to be satisfied by the numerator and denominator polynomial coefficients of a magnitude-squared rational response function, ¦S21(jωi, jω2) ¦2, so that it might approximate an ideal low-pass characteristic along any straight line in the plane through (0,0) in a maximally flat manner, are obtained. The condition for attenuation along all radial directions through (0,0) is expressed in terms of the positivity of a form in two variables. The technique is easily extended to the multidimensional case and can be used to design filters other than those of the low-pass type. The theory could be used to design lumped-distributed and variable-parameter filters.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598148
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  • 26
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    Expansions for discrete-time nonlinear systems (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 179-192 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Results are given concerning the existence and other properties of Volterralike input-output expansions for discrete-time systems whose inputs and outputs are defined on the time set {0,1,2,}. The results, which establish the existence of (and show how to obtain) a locally convergent input-output expansion for a very large class of systems, are along the lines of those reported recently by this writer for continuous-time systems. With regard to one of the theorems given here, new ground is broken in that the theorem directly addresses the case where the nonlinear part of the system need not be assumed to be memoryless. Systems of the kind considered arise, for example, in the area of communication channel modeling for digital data transmission.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599157
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  • 27
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    Ladder networks, fixpoints, and the geometric mean (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 259-268 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Using fixed-point arguments, existence and uniqueness results are obtained for the joint resistance of infinite positive operator networks with noncommuting operators in the branches. Explicit representations for the joint resistance are given using the geometric mean of positive operators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599069
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  • 28
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    Time-domain sensitivity of digital networks (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 277-284 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Convenient matrix formulas for calculating the sensitivities of multiplier coefficients of the impulse and step responses of arbitrary digital network configurations, as given by their flow graphs, are presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599071
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  • 29
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    On generalized predictive compression of continuous-time signal samples (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 327-339 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents new results for predictive compression of signal samples, based upon spectral observation. The formulation emphasizes the inherent presence of a deterministic signal model and will accommodate time-varying models and time- and signal-dependent error bounds. Transmission of predictive error residuals instead of the samples themselves is shown to be identical in structure to linear predictive coding; although additionally applicable where available stochastic signal models may be inadequate. Sample deletion, when prediction error is within a chosen bound, offers a real time compression method of particular importance to measurement and control applications.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599074
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  • 30
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    Approximation of 2-D analog and digital transfer functions using doubly terminated cascade-separable network properties (1983)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 2 (1983), S. 445-467 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper considers certain useful approximations which can be obtained by doubly terminated two-variable cascade-separable networks. Since such networks can be transformed into 2-D wave digital filters, these approximations provide useful magnitude responses in the 2-D digital domain, also. Two approximation methods are discussed, and these can produce near quadrantal symmetry.
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    Three-wave mixing and light diffraction by transient light induced gratings for the study of fast relaxation processes (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 41-55 
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    Notes: Abstract The action of two successive intense ultrashort coherent light pulses with different wave vectorsk 1 andk 2 on a nonlinear inhomogeneously broadened medium is considered. The resulting spatial and temporal polarization and saturation structure is calculated within a two level density matrix approach. Without use of perturbation theory, both the dynamic behaviour of the nonlinear medium under hole burning conditions and the temporal behaviour of the output pulse in the2k 1 -k 2 direction generated by the polarization of the medium during and after the action of the second pulse are discussed. The diffraction of a third probe pulse by the saturation grating as well as by the polarization of the medium is calculated. Possibilities for measuring the longitudinal, transverse and inhomogeneous relaxation times are discussed.
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    A new method for simultaneous complex addition and subtraction (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 65-70 
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    Notes: Abstract General results are given for the influence of coherence and misalignments on the complex amplitude addition and subtraction method using a holographic beam splitter. A new method for simultaneous complex addition and subtraction is also investigated.
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    A study of multimode fibre attenuation measurement using a precision spectral radiometer and the near-field filtration technique (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 95-111 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Notes: Abstract Based on the near-field filtration formulation, the paper identifies and quantifies the most important sources of interlaboratory error in multimode fibre attenuation measurements. Measures are proposed for the reduction of these errors, and it is estimated that a lower bound of about 0.04 dB should be possible under certain assumptions.
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    Laser fluctuation studies in intensity dependent absorption of light (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 241-245 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Notes: Abstract The interaction of a laser with an intensity-dependent absorber has been analysed for discrete regions of operations of the laser. It is shown that the beam is thermally defocused due to absorption for the values of intensity under consideration. The fluctuation properties have been analysed by evaluating 〈I〉,〈I 2〉 and 〈(ΔI)2〉/〈I〉2.
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    Actively coupled index-guided lasers (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 247-252 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Notes: Abstract An opto-electronic device is described in which two index-guided semiconductor lasers are actively coupled by means of a control injection current. The behaviour of the device under differing conditions of optical injection is examined. It is shown to be possible to find light-sensitive and light-insensitive configurations for device operation. The control current can be used to tune the sensitivity of the device.
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    Real-time edge enhancement in four-wave mixing with photorefractive BGO crystals (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 269-273 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Self-heating effects in electro-optic light modulators (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 289-295 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Notes: Abstract The performance of an electro-optic light modulator under high average laser power is studied theoretically and experimentally. Absorption of laser radiation produces a thermal gradient in the electro-optic crystal which degrades the performance of the modulator. Measurements on modulators using KDP and KD*P crystals support the analytical results.
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    Above-threshold current leakage effects in stripe-geometry injection lasers (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 371-379 
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    Notes: Abstract Lateral current-spreading in stripe-geometry injection lasers is treated in the above-threshold range of device operation. The model represents an extension of previous formalisms which have concentrated on analysing current leakage in the absence of lasing action. The present analysis is used to examine the characteristics of devices with a range of current-spreading parameters and is suitable for assessing the significance of current leakage effects, particularly for mode-stability properties, in stripe-geometry lasers. Furthermore, the description of multi-stripe-geometry lasers requires a consistent model for current-spreading in the above-threshold regime.
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    Static thermal properties of broad-contact double-heterostructure laser diodes (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 513-527 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Notes: Abstract The thermal properties of broad-contact double-heterostructure GaAs-(AlGa)As laser diodes under steady-state conditions are presented in this paper. The nonhomogeneous, layered structure of the laser diode has been reduced to the thermally equivalent, homogeneous GaAs structure. The active layer heating due to nonradiative recombination and reabsorption of radiation, the radiative transfer of spontaneous radiation through the wide-gap passive layers, and Joule heating have been taken into consideration. The temperature dependence of the GaAs thermal conductivityλ(T) has been also taken into account. The relative influence on the temperature distributions of the individual heat sources, the internal quantum efficiency of the spontaneous emission, and the thickness and the resistivities of the individual layers have been discussed. The model may be used for all broad-contact laser diodes including the high-power large-optical-cavity laser diodes.
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    Picosecond duration laser pulse generation by simultaneous active-passive mode-locking in Ar+ ion and dye lasers (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 487-496 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Notes: Abstract We use a rate equation model to analyse a technique for the generation of picosecond duration laser pulses in argon pumped dye lasers. The system is based on passive mode-locking of the Ar+ laser by saturable absorption of the dye which is inserted in the Ar+ laser cavity. Simultaneously, the dye is forced to oscillate in a regime of synchronously pumped mode-locking. The system is relatively simple, does not require the use of an acousto-optical light modulator and can be easily implemented in commercially available lasers. Pulses shorter than 100 ps and having an average power of 20 mW were obtained at a repetition rate of 110 MHz. Good agreement between the model and experimental results was also obtained.
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    Optical parametric amplification from quantum noise (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 57-63 
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    Notes: Abstract A treatment of optical parametric amplification (OPA) starting from quantum noise is presented. In order to describe the experimental situation the quantum theoretical approach is related to the propagation phenomenon taking into account the multimode character of the parametric radiation. An expression for the initial intensity occurring in the classical formula is derived.
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    On radiation modes in the time-dependent coupled power theory for optical waveguides (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 71-75 
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    Notes: Abstract A derivation in terms of a statistical theory of power coupling is performed in order to estimate the effects of the radiation modes of an optical waveguide. Earlier, the loss term introduced in this theory was always of heuristic origin. In this paper, we derive an identical term from first principles. Accordingly, we find that coupling from radiation to guided modes along the waveguide can be neglected.
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    Regular and chaotic behaviour of multimode gas lasers (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 87-94 
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    Notes: Abstract The build-up of multimode gas laser spectra is studied on the basis of the full system of Lamb's equations of motion. Comparison is made with the results of the phase-averaged equations that constitute the so-called free-running approximation. It turns out that the range of validity of the latter is approximately given byr⪅0.5 wherer is the ratio of the homogeneous linewidth and the mode spacing (provided the former is mainly due to the decay of both the upper and the lower level). However, forr⪆2, the free-running approximation which generally predicts a steady-state spectrum to occur, breaks down. Actually, in this case multimode oscillation of a chaotic character takes place, and no steady-state regime is attained.
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    Enhancement of fringe visibility in a fibre interferometer (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 137-141 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Notes: Abstract A simple method for increasing fringe visibility of an interference pattern in a Mach-Zehnder type fibre interferometer is presented. In order to obtain high visibility, two elliptically polarized waves emitted from fibres with birefringence are transformed into two linearly polarized waves of equal amplitude and with parallel planes of polarization by using ordinary optical components. Instability of fringe patterns due to temperature fluctuation of the air surrounding the fibres is also discussed.
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    Using the shooting method to solve boundary-value problems involving nonlinear coupled-wave equations (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 539-546 
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    Notes: Abstract The shooting method has been used to obtain numerical solutions of the nonlinear coupled-wave equations for degenerate four-wave mixing in a reflection geometry. The principle of the shooting method has been described in Part 1 of the paper [1]. Numerical results are obtained from computer calculations and presented in graphical form.
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    High efficiency, medium repetition rate, mini-TEA CO2 laser (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 185-186 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Intracavity generation of second harmonics and sum frequences in LiIO3 crystal in an infrared He-Ne laser (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 187-191 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Notes: Abstract Several second harmonics and sum frequencies were generated in a phase-matched LiIO3 crystal placed within an optical cavity of a high-power He-Ne infrared laser operated at 1.15μm.
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    4×8 optoelectronic matrix switch equipment using InGaAsP/InP heterojunction switching photodiodes (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 217-224 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Notes: Abstract A four input-port and an eight output-port optoelectronic matrix switch using InGaAsP/InP hetero-junction switching photodiodes was fabricated and its characteristics studied. The characteristics of the broadband switching equipment, as well as those of individual components, such as the switching photodiodes, InGaAsP/InP semiconductor lasers, eight-port optical dividers and receiver circuits, are discussed from the viewpoint of analogue signal switching. The signal-to-noise ratio attained is more than 40dB for a 30MHz bandwidth television signal. Differential gain and differential phase are less than 2% and 2°, respectively, isolation is higher than 80 dB. Crosstalk between adjacent channels is suppressed below-60 dB over the band between d.c. and 100 MHz by a simple metallic shield at the input and output electric circuits.
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    Dynamical thermal properties of broad-contact double-heterostructure GaAs-(AIGa)As laser diodes (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 313-324 
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    Notes: Abstract The dynamical thermal properties of broad-contact double-heterostructure GaAs — (AIGa)As laser diodes are presented in this paper. For short current pulses (t ≪ 0.5μs), the nonlinear, time-dependent thermal conduction equation has been reduced to a linear one by means of a space transformation. The transformation has substituted the nonhomogeneous GaAs — (AIGa)As structure by the homogeneous GaAs one. Except for active layer heating due to nonradiative recombination and partial reabsorption of radiation, the radiative transfer of the spontaneous radiation through the wide-gap passive layers and the Joule heating effect have been taken into account. The model may be used to some extent for high-power stripe-geometry laser diodes with a relatively wide stripe active region.
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    Progress of coherent optical fibre communication systems (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 1-39 
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    Notes: Abstract The recent progress of coherent optical fibre communication systems is reviewed. System constituent technologies, such as coherent optical modulation-demodulation, optical direct amplification for repeaters and single polarization fibre transmission are outlined. Several important optical device technologies, such as frequency stabilization of semiconductor lasers, AM and FM quantum noise and their reduction, and integrated opto-electronic devices, are also described. Finally, on the basis of the current state of the art in these technological areas, the expected system performance and future problems are discussed.
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    A numerical technique for the determination of propagation characteristics of inhomogeneous planar optical waveguides (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 77-85 
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    Notes: Abstract A numerical method, using the Ritz-Galerkin approach has been applied to the problem of determining the propagation characteristics of inhomogeneous planar optical waveguides. It is shown that very accurate results are obtained for mode spectra and field distributions when compared with the predictions of other exact or approximate methods.
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    Mode effects in second harmonic generation and their uses for laser stabilization (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 113-118 
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    Notes: Abstract The influence of laser modes on second harmonic generation has been investigated using a three mode He-Ne laser operating at 633 nm as the source of the fundamental radiation. Mode locking which occurs when the laser modes are symmetrically placed relative to the centre of the gain profile enhances the second harmonic signal. This effect has been used to stabilize the frequency of the He-Ne laser to ± 1.5 MHz.
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    Effects of joints on mode power distribution and losses in multimode optical fibres (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 143-153 
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    Notes: Abstract The transformation of mode power distribution at a joint between two different (even elliptical) optical fibres is studied. Simple analytical expressions are obtained also in the most general coupling and mismatch configuration, provided that coupling errors and mismatch parameters are small. Detailed calculations of joint losses are performed in each case, including propagation effects in both fibres. Original results are obtained particularly in the cases of misalignment, end separation between the fibres, mismatches in index profiles and coupling between two elliptical fibres. A strong dependence on the launching conditions and the amount of mode coupling is evidenced in all cases.
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    Application of nonlinear oscillator theory to multimode fibres (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 173-184 
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    Notes: Abstract By returning to the ray path equations and using mathematical methods taken over from the theory of nonlinear oscillators, we derive a new formalism for calculating transit times in power-law fibres with small additional refractive index profile perturbations. The formalism has the following important attributes: the structure is simple, the unperturbed fibre analytic result plus a separate term explicitly related to the perturbation; the results are wholly analytical in many cases of interest; and in contrast to older methods, the only integrals to be evaluated have well-behaved integrands involving only the profile perturbation function and they can be evaluated easily using experimental data points. The extension to perturbations varying along the fibre length is made and the analytic form of the result, again explicitly exhibiting the influence of the perturbations, enables us to observe quite generally that perturbations which average out to zero over the fibre length will have a minor effect on individual times and hence pulse dispersion.
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    Mode energy transformation between two connected multimode general square-law-index optical waveguides (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 193-207 
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    Notes: Abstract A coherent states method is used to investigate the mode coupling coefficients in the most general buttjoint problem for two multimode general square-law-index optical waveguides, when two different waveguides with elliptical cross-sections are to be butt-jointed with axis displacement, tilt and some turning of symmetry axes with respect to each other. The explicit expressions for the mode coupling coefficients and recurrence relations for the mode overlap integrals are obtained; the sum rules for the mode coupling coefficients are formulated and a method of experimental data analysis is proposed for this general problem. The method of calculating mode coupling coefficients is proposed for the case of the butt-joint problem when the waveguide cross-sections are only partially overlapping and then it is used to investigate the influence of misalignment on mode power distribution and pulse dispersion in the second waveguide. The experimental data are compared and it is shown that the coupling coefficients obtained in square-law-index model can be used in dispersion calculations forα-profile fibres in the case when the valueα is not far from the valueα=2.
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    Nonlinear optical susceptibility measurement at an autoionizing-like resonance in atoms (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 305-312 
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    Notes: Abstract The first experimental measurement of nonlinear optical susceptibilities at a laser-induced resonance in the atomic continuum is reported. Raman amplification efficiency as well as polarization anisotropy are investigated by scanning the probe frequency near the autoionizing-like resonance. Tunable ultraviolet radiations by four-photon processes in sodium vapour near the induced resonances are obtained. Estimations of the real and imaginary parts of the nonlinearities and also of their moduli are presented.
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    Theoretical fatigue life of helically stranded optical fibres (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 253-260 
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    Notes: Abstract The design of optical fibre cables currently preferred by BICC ordinarily produces little or no tension or torsion in the fibres. Bending them into helical form, however, causes a permanent stress which couid give rise to static fatigue. In a recent paper, the probability that a bent fibre will fail owing to static fatigue was calculated. The calculation is extended in the present paper to take account of proof-testing. Assuming reasonable values for the parameters, it appears that a fibre of 125μm diameter, proof-tested at 0.5% strain and subsequently bent to a radius not less than 25 mm, would certainly survive for 40 years.
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    Corrigendum (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 279-279 
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    Optically steered twin-stripe laser beam scanner (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 461-462 
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    The effects of source configuration on bandwidth and loss measurements in optical fibres (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 463-470 
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    Notes: Abstract Bandwidth and attenuation are not uniquely defined for multimode fibres. We present a theoretical examination of the effects on bandwidth and loss measurements of varying source configurations. Choice of source radius and numerical aperture can greatly influence the results, particularly when those parameters are chosen to be substantially less than the corresponding fibre values. Other factors such as source efficiency for exciting only bound modes and the effects of source misalignments are discussed.
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    The autocorrelation function of polychromatic laser speckle patterns near the image plane (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 507-512 
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    Notes: Abstract The autocorrelation function of polychromatic speckle patterns produced near the image plane of a double diffraction imaging system is experimentally studied. The condition under which the polychromatic speckle field obeys Gaussian statistics is further investigated as a function of the numberN of scattering cells, using the average contrast of the speckle intensity fluctuations. The profile of the autocorrelation function is next investigated as a function ofN and the defocused distance from the image plane. It is found that the average contrast and autocorrelation function of the polychromatic speckle intensity fluctuations converge less rapidly with an increase inN than those of the monochromatic ones.
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    On the investigation of laser-induced carriers in silicon in the picosecond time range (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 477-485 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird das zeitliche Verhalten von optisch angeregten Ladungsträgern bei linearer Rekombination und Diffusion unter Berücksichtigung der Anregungsimpulslänge untersucht. Während die Anregungsimpulslänge im Fall der linearen Rekombination erst einen merklichen Einfluß auf das Zeitverhalten der Ladungsträger gewinnt, wenn sie in die Größe der Rekombinationszeit gelangt, wird ihr Einfluß auf das Diffusionsverhalten bemerkbar, wenn sie klein gegen die Diffusionszeit ist. Die numerischen Rechnungen wurden zur Interpretation von zeitaufgelösten Reflexionsmessungen an Silizium angewandt.
    Notes: Abstract The dependence of the time behaviour of optically-induced carriers on linear recombination and diffusion is studied taking into account the exciting pulse duration. If the pulse duration becomes comparable to the carrier lifetime in the case of linear recombination the exciting pulse influences the temporal behaviour of the carriers significantly. If the temporal behaviour of the carriers is to be determined by diffusion an exciting pulse, short with respect to a characteristic diffusion time, strongly influences this behaviour. These calculations were used to fit some experimental results of time-resolved reflectivity measurements of silicon.
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    Using the shooting method to solve boundary-value problems involving nonlinear coupled-wave equations (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 529-538 
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    Notes: Abstract Using the shooting method, one of the numerical methods to solve two-point boundary-value problems, numerical solutions of the nonlinear coupled-wave equations in degenerate two-wave and four-wave mixing can be obtained. In this first part of the paper the general shooting method is described, and then applied to two-wave mixing in a reflection geometry. Computed results are presented in graphical form. Comparison between the shooting method and the direct numerical method [1] is made also. In the second part of the paper, numerical solutions for four-wave mixing in a reflection geometry will be given.
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    Multimode edge reflecting couplers (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 359-362 
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    Propagation in media with Raman-type nonlinearity: polarization states of the waves and gains (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 209-216 
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    Notes: Abstract The simultaneous propagation of laser and Raman waves through nonlinear media is theoretically studied using the nonlinear third-order susceptibility tensor formalism. Polarization states and gains with linearly, circularly and elliptically exciting polarizations are calculated. The theoretical expressions are compared with experimental results in the absence of self focusing. The perturbations due to self focusing near the stimulated Raman scattering thresholds are studied and conclusions concerning the anisotropy of the Kerr constant are obtained.
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    Dispersion of tubular modes propagating in multimode optical fibres (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 225-230 
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    Notes: Abstract We have already used interferometric techniques for measuring, first, the impulse response of optical fibres and further the different times of flight of modes of a multimode fibre. Apart from time of flight, our set-up provides the intramodal dispersion of each mode (d2 β/dω 2). To demonstrate, we have measured the modal dispersion difference between two tubular modes that were selectively excited in a multimode graded index fibre. For comparison, a theoretical expression has been derived, based on a ray optics approach.
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    A classification scheme for the light-current (L/I) characteristics of a two photon mode semiconductor laser (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 231-240 
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    Notes: Abstract The behaviour of a semiconductor laser in which two photon modes exist above threshold is analysed using the rate equations. This paper classifies the different qualitative behaviour of mode competition by using a single parameterγ. The simplified analysis, neglecting electronic diffusion is sufficient to explain the experimentalL/I characteristics of weak and strong polarization in semiconductor lasers which were previously treated theoretically using a power distribution model.
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    Defocus dependence on ocean wave shape in synthetic aperture radar imagery (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 355-357 
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    Dependence of stimulated Raman threshold on the pump bandwidth (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 367-369 
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    A method of calculating the efficiency for coupling light power from a LED into an optical fibre by use of a sphere lens (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 389-396 
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    Notes: Abstract The use of sphere lenses of high refractive index material to improve the coupling efficiency between a light-emitting diode and an optical fibre is well known. A general method of calculating the coupling efficiency for such systems is described. The mathematical model is based on analytical geometry in vector notation. Experimental results obtained with GaAIAs-LED's and a step-index fibre are compared with the data from the theoretical evaluations.
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    Bandwidth of multimode fibres with random fluctuation in the index profile: a Monte-Carlo approach (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 407-417 
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    Notes: Abstract Random variations of the index profile along the length of a multimode fibre are analysed by means of a Monte-Carlo technique, within the framework of the WKBJ approximation, assuming linear profile dispersion. Previous results (concerning fibres with deterministic profile variations) would suggest that very broad bandwidths could be obtained even in the presence of strong deviation from uniformity, with a suitable choice of the average profile. On the contrary, our analysis shows that similar results are obtained only under restrictive assumptions. In particular, if the random fluctuations are specified in terms of their r.m.s. deviation, then the probability of getting a broad bandwith is always significantly less than unity, no matter how accurate the choice of the average profile.
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    Calculation of equivalent step-index parameters for single-mode fibres (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 451-455 
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    Notes: Abstract Various methods have been used to calculate wavelength-independent equivalent step-index values of core diameter and relative refractive index difference for a non-step-index fibre. The discrepancies in the results indicate that this system of fibre description should not be used without an express statement of the mode of calculation.
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    Effect of wall scattering on SNR in off-axis differential-type laser Doppler velocimetry (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 419-431 
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    Notes: Abstract Though various properties and applications of laser Doppler velocimetry have been extensively studied in the past decade, there is little discussion on the effect of light scattering from the surface of a cell on Doppler beat signals or on methods of reducing it. In this paper, the effect of light scattering from the surface of the cell is treated as a background noise and is studied theoretically and experimentally on the detecting process of Doppler beat signals in off-axis differential-type laser Doppler velocimetry. Laser Doppler velocimetry of an off-axis type is verified to be effective for measurement of the flow velocity in the vicinity of a scattering wall. The effect of the light scattered from the wall surface on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Doppler beat signals is discussed in detail. The minimum distance, which is close to the wall and at which good Doppler beat signals can be obtained, is defined and determined quantitatively. This minimum distance is found to be strongly affected by the off-axis angle of the detecting optical system.
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    A high performance backscattering set-up using multimode light channels (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 471-475 
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    Notes: Abstract The utilization of multimode ion-exchanged waveguides to form an optical directional coupler for multimode fibre backscattering measurements is discussed. The optical properties of the integrated branching element are described in detail. A very high directivity of 70 dB was obtained with this new device. The dynamic range in the backscattering measurement was 23 dB fibre one-way loss.
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    Constant power contours and bistability in twin-stripe injection lasers (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 547-548 
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    Mode coupling effects in optical fibres: perturbative solution of the time-dependent power flow equation (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 119-136 
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    Notes: Abstract Some new aspects of the perturbative solution of the time-dependent power flow equation are investigated. The roles of the amplitude in the fibre perturbation, of the intrinsic attenuation coefficient and of the launching condition are stressed. The reaching of the steady state is studied with particular attention in order to give predictions on attenuation and bandwidth of real optical links.
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    Extension de la representation scalaire du champ aux fibres optiques à gaine finie (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 349-353 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The LP mode concept, which was introduced in the weak guiding theory is extended to optical fibers with finite cladding, for cladding modes the effective index of which remains close to the cladding refractive index. A more accurate study shows how the degenerate LPmn modes split into nondegenerate HEm+1, n and EHm−1, n modes. The boundary condition to be satisfied by the scalar field on the air/fibre interface is derived; for zeroth order (LP modes), this scalar field must be zero on this interface.
    Notes: Résumé Le concept de mode LP introduit dans la théorie du guidage faible est étendu aux fibres optiques à gaine finie, pour les modes de gaine dont l'indice effectif reste voisin de l'indice de la gaine. Une étude plus précise montre ensuite comment les modes LPmn dégénérés se scindent en modes HEm+1, n et EHm−1, n non dégénérés. On indique comment écrire la condition aux limites sur l'interface fibre/air pour la fonction scalaire qui décrit le champ; à l'ordre 0 (modes LP), il suffit d'annuler cette fonction.
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    Diffraction efficiency of absorption gratings (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 441-446 
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    Notes: Abstract The diffraction efficiency of absorption gratings is investigated using a coupled multiwave analysis. For the four-wave case the analytical expressions for the signal amplitudes are given. The applicability of the four-wave approximation is also included.
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    Real time image deblurring using four-wave mixing (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 457-459 
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    The beam propagation method: an analysis of its applicability (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 433-439 
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    Notes: Abstract Simple quantitative conditions for the applicability of the beam propagation method (BPM) in isotropic and anisotropic media are given. These conditions are derived using the operator formalism employed in the BPM in its conventional formulation. The basic limitations of the BPM are highlighted at the same time.
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    Switching frequency for transverse modes in stripe-geometry injection lasers (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 497-506 
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    Notes: Abstract An expression is obtained for the frequency of a class of oscillations occurring between mirror-image near field distributions in stripe-geometry injection lasers. Computation of the oscillation frequency indicates that values in the GHz range can occur. A means of exploiting this high speed switching is briefly indicated.
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    Picosecond optical switching in semiconductor lasers (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 549-552 
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    Statistical analysis of intrinsic joint losses in mismatched multimode fibres (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 155-171 
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    Notes: Abstract The effects of manufacturing variations in geometrical and optical parameters of multimode fibres on intrinsic joint losses are studied by means of a statistical approach. The analysis is performed considering different real conditions of propagation and statistical distributions of fibre parameters. The effects of a cascade of joints and of different jointing techniques are also studied. The calculations are carried out using the real tolerances recommended by the standardization organizations, through a simulation of some 500 000 joints. Except for the case of mismatch of numerical aperture (whose tolerance is relatively large) a mean joint loss of 0.07–0.2 dB and a 98th percentile of joint loss of 0.4–0.7 dB is obtained, depending on the statistical distribution of fibre parameters.
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    Lidar system for visibility monitoring (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 261-268 
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    Notes: Abstract In the present paper a Lidar (light detection and ranging) system is described. It allows high-speed data acquisition of Lidar signals and meteorological parameters by means of standard instrumentation. The Lidar, controlled by a computer, utilized two laser sources (Nd: Yag and ruby), a modified Ricthey-Chretien telescope and signal detection, storage and real-time monitoring equipment. The whole system was installed in a container for field experiments.
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    Polarization noise in single mode fibres and its reduction by depolarizers (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 281-287 
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    Notes: Abstract Fluctuations of the state of polarization in single mode fibres due to environmental conditions such as vibrations cause intensity noise if elements with polarization-dependent loss are inserted into the fibre system. Diffraction gratings, which are key elements for wavelength division multiplex-single mode fibre systems, exhibit a strong polarization dependence of loss. The polarization noise, originating from the combination of single mode fibres and diffraction gratings, is investigated experimentally. A drastic deterioration of the signal/noise ratio is observed, which is even more severe than modal noise with multimode fibres. Depolarizing devices, which reduce this kind of noise sufficiently, are presented and examined.
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    Low efficiency diffraction by nonuniform phase gratings: a comparison of three approaches (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 297-303 
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    Notes: Abstract The diffraction of a slowly varying input beam incident upon a nonuniform grating is studied. Expressions for the diffracted field at the output of the grating are first derived relying on well known kinematic and coupled wave theories. A third approach based on Fourier expansions of both the input beam and the quasi-periodic grating is then introduced and shown to provide the same expression under certain simplifying assumptions. The advantages of the approach for the solution of more general problems are discussed.
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    Photon conservation in flashlamp pumped dye lasers (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 275-278 
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    Theoretical analysis of S1-state lifetime measurements of dyes with picosecond laser pulses (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 325-347 
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    Notes: Abstract Various methods for the determination of the S1-state lifetime of dye solutions (laser dyes and modelocking dyes) are analysed. A general model of interaction of laser light with dye molecules is presented and reduced to a dye energy level scheme of six levels. Fluorescence emission, light amplification and absorption recovery techniques are investigated theoretically and their limitations revealed. The determination of the S1-state lifetime of saturable absorbers by single picosecond pulse bleaching experiments is very thoroughly discussed. The influence of various laser and dye parameters on the bleaching experiments are analysed numerically. The results are compared with isotropic steady state two- and three-level dye models.
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    Nonlinear conversion of laser radiation in optical fibres and its applications for spectral investigation (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 363-365 
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    Combined reciprocal and non-reciprocal birefringence in optical monomode fibres (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 381-388 
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    Notes: Abstract We analyse the overall birefringence which arises from the combined effects of Faraday rotation (non-reciprocal) and bending stress (reciprocal) applied to a monomode optical fibre loop. The theory is substantiated by numerical evaluations and appropriate experimental data are reported. These indicate how it is possible to build non-reciprocal birefringent components, i.e. rotators and isolators, by means of monomode coils.
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    Laser bias effect on the receiver sensitivity of passive fibre optic star bus networks (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 397-405 
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    Notes: Abstract We examine in this paper the reduction in receiver sensitivity in passive fibre optic star bus networks due to the laser bias power transmitted by every terminal. Both transimpedance and high impedance preamplifier configurations using PIN and avalanche photodiodes are considered. The penalty in receiver sensitivity is examined as a function of bit rate, number of terminals, amplifier noise and the ratio of the launched laser bias power to average launched signal power. For PIN receivers the penalty has a maximum at low bit rates and falls off rapidly on either side of the maximum. In an example quoted in the paper the PIN receiver sensitivity penalty for networks with less than 50 terminals is less than 1 dB for all bit rates. The penalty for APD receivers increases with bit rate, and, in a further example, is shown to be less than 1 dB for networks with less than 50 terminals operating at bit rates lower than approximately 20 Mbit s−1. Techniques for reducing the penalty to negligible levels are also examined.
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    A prism reflector of anti-resonant ring configuration (1983)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 15 (1983), S. 447-450 
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    Notes: Abstract Two identical prisms are combined to form an anti-resonant ring reflector, giving total reflection without the use of coatings or roof edges. When used as the total reflector in a Q-switched NdYAG laser this device has shown a damage threshold twice that of a multilayer reflector.
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    Determination of equilibrium silver sulphate concentration in the system Cu-H2SO4-CuSO4-H2O-Ag2SO4-Ag as a function of composition (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 13 (1983), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The value of the ratio $$\gamma _{{\text{Cu}}^{{\text{2 + }}} } /\gamma _{{\text{Ag}}^{\text{ + }} }^2 $$ ( $$\gamma _{{\text{Cu}}^{{\text{2 + }}} } ,\gamma _{{\text{Ag}}^{\text{ + }} } $$ -are the mean activity coefficients of copper and silver ions, respectively) was calculated from the measured emf of the cell $${\text{Cu(Hg)|H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{SO}}_{\text{4}} {\text{ (}}c_{\text{x}} {\text{)}} - {\text{CuSO}}_{\text{4}} {\text{ (}}c_{\text{y}} {\text{)|Hg}}_{\text{2}} {\text{SO}}_{\text{4}} {\text{, Hg}}$$ and the solubility of Ag2SO4 in H2SO4 (c x) and CuSO4 (c y) solutions. The concentration of H2SO4 in the solution was varied from 0.5 to 2.1 mol dm−3 that of CuSO4 from 0.4 mol dm−3 to saturation. The results were presented as a function: $$\frac{{\gamma _{{\text{Cu}}^{{\text{2 + }}} } }}{{\gamma _{{\text{Ag}}^{\text{ + }} }^2 }} = a_0 + a_1 c_{\text{x}} + a_2 c_{\text{y}} + a_3 c_{\text{x}}^{\text{2}} + a_4 c_{\text{x}} c_{\text{y}} + a_5 c_{\text{y}}^2 .$$ This function allows the estimation of the equilibrium silver ion concentration $$c_{{\text{Ag}}^{\text{ + }} }^{{\text{eq}}} $$ in solutions containing both H2SO4 and CuSO4 in the presence of metallic copper. The function is also very useful for the estimation of the $$c_{{\text{Ag}}^{\text{ + }} }^{{\text{eq}}} $$ near a working copper electrode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612478
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  • 94
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    The electrochemical study of a chromium plating bath. I. Reactions leading to solution-free species (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 13 (1983), S. 235-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrode reactions occurring at C, Cr, Cu and Ni cathodes in the standard electroplating solution for chromium, 200 g dm−3 CrO3 and 2 g dm−3 H2SO4, have been reinvestigated. This paper emphasises the study of those reactions which lead to solution-free products; these occur at potentials positive to that necessary for film or metal deposition. For each cathode, theI-E curve shows a wave or peak for the reduction of chromium (VI) to chromium(III) and it is demonstrated that this process is mass transport controlled, apparently by the transport of sulphate ions to the electrode surface. At Cr, Ni and Cu, the potential of the chromium(VI)/chromium(III) couple is determined by the removal of an insulating oxide film which forms spontaneously when the metal is immersed in the bath. In certain conditions it is also possible to define a well formed wave for proton reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612485
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  • 95
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    Galvanic cell-type humidity sensor using high temperature-type proton conductive solid electrolyte (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 13 (1983), S. 365-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Galvanic cell, humidity sensors were investigated using a high temperature proton conductive solid electrolyte based on SrCeO3. A sensor of this type is one of the applications of a steam concentration cell, the concept of which was recently discussed. These sensors could be operated stably at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, they exhibit a linear e.m.f. response against logarithm of vapour pressure over a wide range, a good reproductibility, a very fast response time and small responses to impurity gases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941609
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  • 96
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    Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 13 (1983), S. 377-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Single crystal In2O3 shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In2O3 anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In2O3/Y2O3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941611
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  • 97
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    The mechanism of spongy electrodeposits formation on inert substrate at low over potentials (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 13 (1983), S. 775-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The mechanism of formation of spongy deposits on inert substrates at low overpotentials is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615827
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  • 98
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    Studies concerning the growth of cadmium dendrites. II. Morphology in acidic media (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 13 (1983), S. 765-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of cadmium deposits formed during potentiostatic deposition onto etched cadmium substrates in a range of cadmium sulphate solutions with 0.5 mol dm−3 sulphuric acid as supporting electrolyte has been investigated. The deposit morphology and induction time was found to be both concentration and overpotential dependent. At 10−1 mol dm−3 CdSO4 for an overpotential range −20 to −80 mV, large crystalline aggregates were observed and large dendrites resulted after longer deposition times. The induction time was less than 1 min and the current time curves linear, indicating instantaneous rather than progressive initiation. At 10−2 mol dm−3 CdSO4 the morphology varied from fine, 2D-fern dendrites atη=−75 mV to needle dendrites atη=−150 mV. The morphology at 10−3 mol dm−3 CdSO4 closely resembled that at 10−2 mol dm−3 CdSO4 but, showed finer structural detail with less filling in of the main skeletal structure. The induction time was an order of magnitude greater at 10−3 mol dm−3 CdSO4 than at 10−2 mol dm−3 CdSO4, and the time taken to grow dendrites of the same length was also increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615826
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  • 99
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    Studies concerning the growth of cadmium dendrites. I. Morphology in alkaline media (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 13 (1983), S. 751-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of cadmium dendrites formed during potentiostatic electrodeposition onto nickel and cadmium substrates from cadmate solutions in alkaline supporting electrolyte has been investigated. The morphology is potential dependent for deposition under convective diffusion conditions to a nickel substrate. For 1.05×10−4 mol dm−3 Cd(OH) 4 2− /30% KOH solutions, 2D- fern dendrites are observed at an overpotential of −150mV, needle dendrites at −200 mV, and large ‘filled-in’ fern dendrites at −300 mV. Similar results were found at the higher concentration, 2.4×10−4 mol dm−3 Cd(OH) 4 2− /50% KOH, but the time taken to grow an equivalent morphology and length were reduced in proportion. Crystalline aggregate dendrites were observed on a cadmium substrate in 1.05×10−4 mol dm−3 Cd(OH) 4 2− /30% KOH, becoming more crystalline and well defined with increase in overpotential. A significant induction time of the order 8 h was observed for all deposition onto stationary nickel and cadmium wires. Under the well-defined diffusion conditions at a rotating nickel disc electrode only one morphology, namely small ferns, was observed over a wide range of overpotentials. The current-time behaviour is presented, and the current is shown to have a (time)2 dependence, indicative of progressive nucleation of dendrites. The induction time, indicated approximately by the current minima, had decreased significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615825
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  • 100
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    Electrochemical saw using pulsating voltage (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 13 (1983), S. 795-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract An electrochemical process for cutting metals and conducting refractory materials using a pulsating voltage has been developed. A laboratory type electrochemical saw is described which has been successfully applied to cut different metals and sintered V2O3. The influence of different operating variables on cutting rate and precision has been studied for the cutting of nickel in a nitrate electrolyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615829
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