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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Hordeum vulgare ; Agricultural ecosystem ; Acidic soil ; Soil infectivity ; Endomycorrhizae ; Reduced tillage ; Rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The dynamics of mycorrhizae under disturbance created by crop production is not well understood. A 3-year experiment was undertaken on a nutrient-poor and acidic land that had last been cultivated in the early 1970s. We observed the effects of cropping spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under four P-fertilizer levels and four levels of lime, in a minimum (rototillage), a reduced (chisel), or a conventional tillage system, on the mycorrhizal receptiveness of the host (maximum level of mycorrhizal colonization, as measured at harvest) and soil infectivity most probable number method. The host receptiveness decreased with time, while crop yields and soil infectivity increased simultaneously with time. Liming increased mycorrhizal colonization of barley roots and soil infectivity. P additions decreased root colonization but did not significantly affect the most probable number values. Slightly higher soil infectivity estimates were found under reduced tillage.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; Agricultural ecosystem ; Acidic soil ; Soil infectivity ; Endomycorrhizae ; Reduced tillage ; Rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The dynamics of mycorrhizae under disturbance created by crop production is not well understood. A 3-year experiment was undertaken on a nutrient-poor and acidic land that had last been cultivated in the early 1970s. We observed the effects of cropping spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under four P-fertilizer levels and four levels of lime, in a minimum (rototillage), a reduced (chisel), or a conventional tillage system, on the mycorrhizal receptiveness of the host (maximum level of mycorrhizal colonization, as measured at harvest) and soil infectivity most probable number method. The host receptiveness decreased with time, while crop yields and soil infectivity increased simultaneously with time. Liming increased mycorrhizal colonization of barley roots and soil infectivity. P additions decreased root colonization but did not significantly affect the most probable number valuse. Slightly higher soil infectivity estimates were found under reduced tillage.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 570-572 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have grown Ar+ ion beam sputtered Si epitaxially on Si(100) at substrate temperatures, T, between 390 and 480 K. At 480 K and 0.65 nm/s deposition rate, epitaxy is sustained at 1 μm of film thickness. At lower T, we observed an abrupt transition to amorphous growth at a critical thickness, he, which exhibited an Arrhenius dependence on T, as has previously been observed in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) [D. J. Eaglesham, H. J. Gossmann, and M. Cerullo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1227 (1990)]. Our slope, d(ln he)/d(1/T), was 3 times steeper than in MBE, resulting in much thicker he at the higher T. The steep slope shows that the high kinetic energy of the sputtered Si is not enhancing surface diffusion enough to overcome thermal surface diffusion. We propose instead that the arriving kinetic energy is preventing void formation and thereby decreasing the rate at which statistical surface roughness, Δh, increases with film thickness. In both deposition processes, we propose that the collapse of epitaxy occurs when Δh exceeds the thermal surface diffusion length.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 125 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate, collectively known as jasmonates, are naturally occurring in plants; they are important signal molecules involved in induced disease resistance and mediate many physiological activities in plants. We studied the effect of JA and its methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), on the induction of nod genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum GG4 (USDA3) carrying a plasmid with a translational fusion between B. japonicum nodY and lacZ of Escherichia coli, and the expression activity was measured by β-galactosidase activity. Both JA and MeJA strongly induced the expression of nod genes. They have little or no deleterious effects on the growth of B. japonicum cells, while genistein (Gen) showed inhibitory effects. We further studied the effect of JA- and MeJA-induced B. japonicum on soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation under optimal (25°C) and suboptimal (17°C) root zone temperature (RZT) conditions. B. japonicum cells were grown in liquid yeast extract mannitol media and induced with a range of Gen, JA, and MeJA concentrations, including a treatment control with no inducer added. Soybean seedlings were grown at 25 or 17°C RZT with a constant air temperature (25°C) and inoculated, at the vegetative cotyledonary stage, with various B. japonicum induction treatments. Addition of Gen or jasmonates to B. japonicum, prior to inoculation, enhanced nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and plant growth at suboptimal RZT conditions. A higher concentration of Gen was inhibitory at 25°C, while this same concentration was stimulatory at 17°C. Interestingly, pre-incubation of B. japonicum with JA and MeJA enhanced soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation under both optimal and suboptimal RZTs. We show that jasmonates are thus a new class of signaling molecules in the B. japonicum-soybean symbiosis and that pre-induction of B. japonicum with jasmonates can be used to enhance soybean nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and early plant growth.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-0645
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Zea mays L.) production have led to consideration of alternative production methods. Growing cover crops with corn could address these problems. Field experiments were conducted in 1993 and 1994 at l'Assomption and Macdonald in Quebec to determine the effects of interseeding 12 cover crops on corn yield and yield components. Fall rye (Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), a mixture of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), a mixture of white clover (T. repens L.) and ryegrass, subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L.), yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis Lam.), black medic (Medicago lupulina L.), Persian clover (T. resupinatum L.), strawberry clover (T. fragiferum L.), crimson clover (T. incarnatum L.), alfalfa (Med. sativa L.), and berseem clover (T. alexandrinum L.) were seeded 10 and 20 d after corn emergence. The experimental design was a splitplot, randomized complete block with four replications at each site. The maniplots were the cover crop planting dates; the subplots were the 12 cover crop treatments and 3 controls (hand weeding, chemical weeding, and no weeding). Seeding the cover crops either 10 or 20 d after corn planting did not affect corn grain yield. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements (Fv/Fm) indicated that corn plants were stressed when interseeded with crimson clover (P〈0.05). When there was competition for moisture, crimson clover was found to be too competitive with corn at the seeding rates used in this experiment. Corn yield was less affected by the intersected cover crops under conditions of adequate rainfall. No consistent differences in corn grain yield components were found for cover crop treatments.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Glycine max (L.) Merr.]; (ii) whether the temporal pattern of FD for soybean structure is altered by population density or intercropping with corn (Zea mays L.); and (iii) how the FD for soybean structure compares with other quantitative measures of shoot development. Soybean plants were randomly sampled in monocropped soybean and intercropped corn-soybean plots grown at the same site in three successive years. Sampled plants were cut at the stem base, and leaf blades were immediately detached. Leafless plant structure was photographed from the side which allowed maximum appearance of branches and petioles. The FD was estimated two-dimensionally from the scanned and processed images. Fractal dimension of soybean leafless structure increased with time for all treatments, coincident with the increasing complexity of structure as shoots developed. The rate of linear increase of FD with time varied among treatments. Leaf area per plant, plant height, and number of leaves per plant increased with time for all treatments, indicating a positive correlation with FD. In contrast, light penetration decreased during canopy development, and was negatively correlated with FD. Whereas leaf area evaluates the surface available for light interception, FD characterizes its geometric distribution in space.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 246 (1973), S. 103-104 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In examining nuclear extracts of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma for histone kinases we have found that such extracts supplemented with whole calf thymus histones and y-32P-ATP yield a ratio of acid-labile to acid-stable protein phosphates from 2 to 3.5, dependent on^H. Further, we have found that ...
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