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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (704)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (575)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,838)
  • 1980-1984  (1,838)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1981  (1,838)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,838)
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  • 1980-1984  (1,838)
  • 1920-1924
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chiral Butadienes, 91) Preparative Enrichment of Enantiomeric 2,3,4,5-Tetrabromo-2,4-hexadienes by Liquid Chromatography (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2365-2368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chirale Butadiene, 91) Präparative Anreicherung enantiomerer 2,3,4,5-Tetrabrom-2,4-hexadiene durch Flüssigkeits-ChromatographieDie Enantiomeren des Diols 1 wurden durch Flüssigkeits-Chromatographie an Triacetylcellulose teilweise getrennt (Enantiomere Reinheiten P = 29% und 24%), während die Diether (+)- und (-)-2 mit P = 80% (Tab. 1) erhalten wurden. Ihre Schwellen der Teilrotation um die zentrale Einfachbindung wurden durch thermische Racemisierung gemessen und mit denen entsprechender Tetrachlordiene 3 und 4 verglichen (Tab. 3).
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140634
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  • 102
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    Über trimethylsilylsubstituierte 1,3-Dithietan-1,1,3,3-tetroxide (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3378-3384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Trimethylsilyl-substituted 1,3-Dithietane 1,1,3,3-TetroxidesSubstitution reactions of 1,3-dithietane 1,1,3,3-tetroxide (1) (sulfene dimer) have been regarded as difficult. We now succeeded in the silylation of 1 by the reaction with trimethylsilyl nonafluorobutanesulfonate (2) in the presence of triethylamine yielding 2,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-(3) and 2,2,4-tris(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-dithietane1,1,3,3-tetroxide (4) as well as - via a metallation - the four times silylated product, which has the structure 1-(tirmethylsiloxy)-2,4,4-tris(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-dithiet-1-ene 1,3,3,-trioxide (5b) and which can be considered as the first enol ether of a sulfone.
    Notes: Substitutionsreaktionen an 1,3-Dithietan-1,1,3,3-tetroxid (1) (Disulfen) galten bisher als schwierig. Es gelang nun die Silylierung von 1 mit Nonafluorbutansulfonsäure-trimethylsilylester (2) in Gegenwart von Triethylamin zu 2,4-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-(3) und 2,2,4-Tris(trimethylsilyl)1,3-dithietan-1,1,3,3-tetroxid (4) bzw. nach Metallierung zum vierfach silylierten Produkt, das als 1-(Trimethylsiloxy)-2,4,4-tris(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-dithiet-1-en-1,3,3-trioxid 5b) vorliegt und als erster Enolether eines Sulfons angesehen wurden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141018
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  • 103
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    Das Tetra(cyclopropyl phosphonium-Kation und das Tri 9Cyclopropyl) phosphonium-cyclopropylid (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3385-3394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Tetra(cyclopropyl)phosphonium cation and the Tri(cyclopropyl)phosphonium CyclopropylideTertiary phosphane can not be quaternized by cyclopropyl halides. The preparation of the three possible mixed cyclopropyl/methyl phosphonium salts [CH3)n(c-C3H5)4 - nP]+X- with n = a - 3 and of the corresponding ylides (CH3)n(c-C3H5)3 - nP = CH2 with n = 0 - 2 (1 - 3) is therefore only accomplished via the cyclopropylphosphanes or through formation o the cyclopropyl ring at the phosphonium center. Quaternization of tri(cyclopropyl)phosphane with 1,3-dibromopropane followed by treatment wih base thus also allows the synthesis of the tri(cyclopropyl)phosphonium cyclopropylide (5). With acids, 5 is converted into tetra(cyclopropyl)phosphonium salts. All three ylides 1 - 3 exist as methylides, and isomerization to cyclopropylides is not observed. 2 and 3 yield ethylphosphonium salts on reaction with methyl iodide. 5 is the only cyclopropylide bearing solely aliphatic substituents. Ist unusal NMR parameters indicate an equilibrium in which the CH protons are involved in a rapid scrambling process among the tautomers. The ylides 1 - 3 and 5 are colourless liquids, thermally stable up to 200°C, and of high chemical reactivity. Reduced reactivity is encountered in the tri(cyclopropyl)phosphonium benzylide (4).
    Notes: Tertiäre Phosphane sind mit Cyclopropylhalogeniden nicht quartärisierbar. Die Darstellung der drei Möglichen (Cyclopropyl/Methyl)Phosphoniumsalze [(CH3)n(c-C3H5)4-nP]+X- mit n = 1 - 3 und der korrespondierenden Ylide (CH3)n(c-C3H5)3-nP = PH2 mit n = 0 - 2 (1 - 3) gelingt daher nur über die Cyclopropylphosphane oder über den Aufbau des Cyclopropylrests am Phosphoniumzentrum. Quartärisierung mit 1,3-Dibrompropan und nachfolgende Cyclisierung mit Basen ermöglicht so auch erstmals die Darstellung von Tri(cyclopropyl)phosphonium-cyclopropylid (5) aus Tri(cyclopropyl)phospan. Mit Säuren entstehen aus 5 Tetra(cyclopropyl)phosphoniumsalze. Die Ylide 1 - 3 liegen alle als Methylide vor und eine Isomerisierung zum cyclopropylid wird nicht beobachtet. Mit Methyliodid entstehen aus 2 und 3 die Ethylphosphoniumsalze. - 5 ist das einzige rein aliphatisch substituierte Cyclopropylid. Seine ungewöhnlichen NMR-Parameter zeigen ein Tautomerengleichgewicht an, bei dem die CH-Protonen einem raschen Austausch unterworfen sind. Die vier Ylide 1 - 3 und 5 sind farblose, bis 200°C thermisch stabile Flüssigkeiten hoher Reaktivität. Nur im Tri(cyclopropyl)phosphonium-benzylid(4) ist die Reaktionsfähigkeit deutlich gemindert.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141019
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  • 104
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    Fast Thermal Breaking and Formation of a B-N Bond in 2-(Aminomethyl)benzeneboronates1) (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3403-3411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Rasche thermische Öffnung und Schließung einer B-N-Bindung in 2-(Aminomethyl)benzolboronaten1)1H-, 11B- und 15N-NMR-Verschiebungen weisen darauf hin, daß die Titelverbindungen 1 - 6 (Tab. 1) eine intramolekulare B - N-Bindung ausbilden, die laut 1H- und 13C-NMR mit hoher Frequenz geöffnet (δ G c≠ = 40 bis 54 kJ/mol, Tab. 2) und wieder geschlossen wird.
    Notes: The Title compounds 1 to 6 (Table 1) are shown by 1H, 11B, and 15N NMR shifts to fom an intramolecular B - N bond which, according to 1N and 13C NMR, is frequently broken (δ G c≠ = 40 to 54 kJ/mol, Table 2) and re-formed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141021
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  • 105
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    Synthese von 2-Amino-3, 7-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-on - 7-Desazaguanosin - der Stammverbindung des Nucleosids Q (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3395-3402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of 2-Amino-3, 7-dihydro-7(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-one - 7-Deazaguanosine - the Parent Compound of the Nucleoside Q2-Amino-3, 7-dihydro-7-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (1a), the parent compound o e rare nucleoside Q, has been synthesized using the pyrrolo [2,3d]pyrimidine derivative 3a11) which was available by phase transfer glycosylation. N-3 alkylation of 3a with chloromethyl isopropyl ether yields 3b, which reacted in a molten mixture of sodium hydride/acetamide to give 3c. Boron trichloride in methylene chloride removes the isopropoxymethyl as well as the benzyl groups at - 78°C simultaneously with formation of 4c. After ammonolysis of 4c 7-deazaguanosine &1par;la) was obtained. IN contrast to guanosine, la shows an anomalous weak Cotton effect implying an unusual flexibility of the nucleobase around the N-glycosylic bond.
    Notes: 2-Amino-3 7,dihydro-7(β-D-ribofuranosyl)4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-on (1a), die Stammverbindung des seltenen Nucleosids Q, wurde aus dem durch Phasentransferglycosylierung erhaltenen Pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidin-Derivat 3a11) dargestellt. N-3-Alkylierung von 3a durch Chlormethyl-isopropyl-ether führt zu 3b und Austausch der 2-Methylthiogruppe in einer NaH/Acetamid-Schmelze zum geschützten 7-Desazaguanosin 3c. Bortrichlorid im Methylenchlorid entfernt bei - 78°C sowohl den Isopropoxymethylrest als auch die Benzylschutzgruppen unter Bildung von 4c. Nach dessen Ammonolyse erhält man 7-Desazaguanosin (1a), das im Gegensatz zu Guanosin einen anomal schwachen Cotton-Effekt zeigt, der auf starke konformative Beweglichkeit der Nucleobase an der N-glycosylischen Bindung hinweist.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141020
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  • 106
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    Heterocyclische β-Enaminoester, 27. Synthese von heterokondensierten 6H-1,3-Oxazin-6-onen aus N-Acylenaminoestern im system Triphenylphosphan/Hexachlorethan/Triethylamin (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3188-3194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heterocyclic β-Enamino Esters, 27 synthesis of Heterocondensed 6H-1,3-Oxazin-6-ones from N-Acylenamino Esters in the system Triphenylphosphane/Hexachloroethane/TriethylamineA simple ring closure reaction of N-acylenamino esters (1b, e,2,3a-f,7) in the system triphenyl-phosphane/hexachloroethane/triethylamine is described proceeding with high yields. Under chlorinating 3-ester cleavage heterocondensed 6H-1,3-oxazin-6-ones 4a -f, 5, 6b, e, 8, 9 are formed (UV, IR, NMR, MS).
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140927
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  • 107
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    anti-[4+4]-Dicyclopentadien (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3197-3208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: anti-[4+4]-Dicyclopentadiene.The synthesis of anti-tricyclo[4.2.1.12,5]deca-3,7-diene(2) starting from the [4+6]-cycloadduct 4a derived from cyclopentadiene and tropon is described. Compound 2 decomposes at 200°C yielding a Mixture of cyclopentadiene (12), endo-[2+4]-dicyclopentadiene (13), anti-cis-[2+2]-dicyclopentadiene (14) and the cyclopentenyl-cyclopentadienes 15 and 16. The formation of a common diradical intermediate 11 in the decomposition of 2, 13 and 14 has been sought by means of the kinetic analyses of these reactions.
    Notes: Die Synthese des anti-tricyclo[4.2.1.12,5] deca-3,7-diens (2) aus dem [4+6]-Cycloaddukt 4a von Cyclopentadien und Tropon wird beschrieben. Bei Temperaturen um 200°C zerfällt 2 in ein Gemisch aus Cyclopentadien (12), endo-[2+4]-Dicyclopentadien (14) sowie den Cyclopentenyl-cyclopentadienen 15 und 16. Aufgrund der kinetischen Analyse dieser Reaktion sowie der Kinetik der Thermolysen von 13 und 14 wird geprüft, ob bei diesen Reaktionen ein gemeinsames Diradikal 11 durchlaufen wird.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141002
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  • 108
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    Übergangsmetall-Carben-Komplexe, CXVII1) [(Arylseleno)(diethylamino)carben]pentacarbonylchrom(0)-Komplexe (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3209-3219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, CXVII1) [(Arylseleno)(diethylamino)carbene]pentacarbonylchromium(0)Pentacarbonyl(diethylaminocarbyne)chromium tetrafluoroborate, [CO)5CrCNEt2]BF4, (1) reacts with lithium arylselenolate, LiSeR, (3) [R = 4-C6H4CF3 (a), 4-C6H4Br (b) 4-C6H4F (c), C6H5 (d), 4-C6H4CH3 (e), 4-C6H4OCH3 (f), 1-C10H7 (g)] with addition of the selenolate anion to the carbyne carbon atom to give [(arylseleno)(diethylamino)carbene]pentacarbonylchromium(0), (CO)5Cr[C(SeR)NEt2], (4a - g). The complexes 4 were characterized by elemental analyses, spectroscopic data and in the case fo 4d additionally by an X-ray analysis. On heating in solution, 4a - g rearrange with CO-elimination and C,Cr-migration of SeR to the corresponding trans-(arylseleno)tetracarbonyl(diethylaminocarbyne)chromium complexes, trans-RSe(CO)4-CrCNEt2, (5a - g).
    Notes: Pentacarbonyl(diethylaminocarbin)chrom-tetrafluoroborat, [(CO)5CrCNEt2]BF4, (1) reagiert mit Lithium -arylselenolat, LiSeR, (3) [R = 4-C6H4CF3 (a), 4-C6H4Br (b) 4-C6H4 (c), C6H5 (d), 4-C6H4CH3 (e), 4-C6H4OCH3 (f), 1-C10H7 (g)] unter Addition des Selenolat-Anions an das Carbinkohlenstoffatom und Bildung von [Arylseleno)(diethylamino)carben]pentacarbonylchrom(0), (CO)5Cr[C(SeR)NEt2], (4a-g). Die Komplexe 4 wurden elementaranalytisch, spektroskopisch sowie im Fall von 4d zusätzlich durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse gesichert. Beim Erwärmen in Lösung lagern sich 4a-g unter CO-Abspaltung und C, Cr-Wanderung von SeR zu den entsprechenden trans-(Arylseleno)tetracarbonyl(diethylaminocarbin)chrom-Komplexen, trans-RSe(CO)4(CrCNEt2, (5a-g) um.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141003
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  • 109
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    Bausteine von Oligosaccchariden, XXXIII1) Synthese von β-glycosidisch verknüpften L-Rhamnose-haltigen Disacchariden (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3233-3241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Building Units for Oligosaccharides, XXXIII1) Synthesis of β-Glycosidically Linked Disaccharides of L-RhamnoseThe 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl bromide (4) is a reactive halogenose which in the presence of a silver silicate catalyst reacts with saccharides containing a reactive hydroxyl group to dive a β-glycosidically linked disaccharide with good selectivity. The three β(1 → 4) and β(1 → 3) linked disaccharides of L-rhamnose 6, 17, and 27 were made in this way with either L-rhamnose or D-galactose as hydroxyl group component. Subsequent deprotection gave the free disaccharides 8, 19 and 31 respectively.
    Notes: Das 2,34-Tri-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosylbromid (4) ist eine reaktive Halogenose, die sich bei Gegenwart eines Silbersilicatkatalysators mit Sacchariden, die eine reaktive Hydroxylgruppe enthalten in guter Selektivität zu β-glycosidisch verknüpften Disacchariden umsetzen läßt. Die β(1 → 4)- und β(1 → 3)-verknüpften Disaccharide der L-Rhamnose 6, 17 und 27 mit L-Rhamnose und D-Galactose als Hydroxylkomponenten wurden auf diesem Wege dargestellt. Durch Entblockierung wurden die freien Disaccharide 8, 19 und 31 erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141005
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  • 110
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    Theoretische Berechungen zum CO - CO-Abstoßungspotential paralleler CO-Liganden in zweikernigen Carbonylkomplexen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3462-3466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Theoretical Calculations of the CO - CO Repulsion Potential in Dinuclear Carbonyl ComplexesThe van der waals repulsion between CO molecules has been obtained by means of quantum mechanical ab initio calculations. The results show in a quantitative way how this interaction between parallel CO ligands on neighbouring metals counteracts bonding forces of single or double bonds between metal atoms.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141029
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  • 111
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    Über die Synthese einiger Imino-Pentafluorsulfanyl-Derivate (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3467-3470 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Synthesis of Some Imino Pentafluorosulfanyl DerivativesFrom the reaction of SF5NSCl2 and Ag2O in nitromethane SF5NSO (1) is isolated. The also obtained 2 is probably formed form 1. In the presence of CsF 1 and Cl2 will give SF5NSOCIF (4)
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141030
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  • 112
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    Masthead (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141101
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  • 113
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    β,β-Diacyl-enamine und -enole, 9: Zur Darstellung von Aminomethylenderivaten offenkettiger CH2-acider Verbindungen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3471-3484 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: β,β-Diacyl-enamines and -enoles, 9: Synthesis of Aminomethylene Derivatives of Open-Chain Active Methylene CompoundsThe reaction of a combination of primary or secondary aromatic or aliphatic amines with orthocarboxylic esters upon a variety of open-chain CH2-acidic molecules gives N-substituted aminoalkylidene derivatives. The method is highly recommended for methylene compounds activated by cyano, nitro, or phenylsulfonyl groups, whereas low yields are obtained, when highly enolized active methylene compounds are used. CH2-Acidic carboxylic acids give salts 10a-g.
    Notes: Die Reaktion primärer und sekundärer aromatischer oder aliphatischer Amine mit Orthocarbonsäureestern und offenkettigen CH2-aciden Verbindungen liefert N-substituierten Aminoalkylidenderivate; die Ausbeuten variieren stark mit der Natur der aktivierenden Gruppen. Die Methode kann für solche CH2-acide Moleküle empfohlen werden, welche durch eine nichtenolisierbare Gruppe (CN, NO2 oder PhSO2) aktiviert sind, während niedrige Ausbeute oder keine Umsetzung zu erwarten ist, wenn stark enolisierte methylenaktive Verbindungen eingesetzt werden. CH2-Acide Carbonsäuren liefern die Salze 10a-g.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141102
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  • 114
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    Phosphonium-hydrogendichloride, II: Drei Kristallstrukturen im Vergleich (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3499-3504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Phosphonium Hydrogendichlorides, II: Three Crystal Structures in ComparisonBy means of crystal structure analysis the compounds [(4-CH3OC6H4)(CH3)PCl2][ClHCl] (1), [(4-CH3OC6H4)PCl3][ClHCl] (2), and [(4-C2H5OC6H4)PCl3][ClHCl] (3) are confirmed as phosphonium hydrogendichlorides and the number of existing geometric parameters of hydrogen bonding between Cl atoms in crystals is substantially increased. The symmetric hydrogendichloride anions who the shortest distances Cl…Cl (312.1 pm in 2) and the largest distance of this kind (328.8 pm also in 2) is observed in the anion with the shortest Cl-H bond.
    Notes: Durch Kristallstrukturanalyse werden die Verbindungen [(4-CH3OC6H4)(CH3)PCl2][ClHCl] (1), [(4-CH3OC6H4)PCl3][ClHCl] (2) und [(4-C2H5OC6H4)PCl3][ClHCl] (3) als Phosphonium-hydrogendichloride bestätigt und die vorhandenen geometrischen Daten zur Wasserstoffbrückenbindung zwischen Cl-Atomen in Kristallen deutlich vermehrt. Die symmetrischen Hydrogendichlorid-Anionen zeigen die kürzesten Abstände Cl…Cl (312.1 pm in 2), und der längste Abstand dieser Art (328.8 pm ebenfalls in 2) wird beim Anion mit der kürzesten Bindung Cl—H beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141104
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  • 115
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    Phosphonium-hydrogendichloride, I: Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Phosphoniumhydrogendichloriden (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3485-3498 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Phosphonium Hydrogendichlorides, I Preparation and Properties of Phosphonium HydrogendichloridesPhosphonium hydrogendichlorides of general formula [RR′PCl2]+ [ClHCl]- (1) and [RPCl3]+ [ClHCl]- (5) as well as of the bifunctional type [P(R)Cl2—R′ — P(R)Cl2]2+ 2[ClHCl]- (6) are obtained by differnt methods as well crystallized compounds, which are extremely sensitive toward moisture. Their structures are confirmed by spectroscopic methods and conductivity measurements. - It is shown that the stability of the phosphonium ion is increased by the +M-effect of R, thus favouring the formation of [ClHCl]-. Some reactions of 1 and 5 are described. On loosing HCl, they give the corresponding Phosphoranes RR′PCl3 (3) and RPCl4 (4). This reaction is reversible. By reaction with HBr, 1 and 5 are converted into the bromophosphoranes RR′PBr3 (8) and RPBr4 (9), while phosphonium hydrogendibromides [P(R)Br2—R′—P(R)Br2]2+ 2[BrHBR]- (7) are obtained from 6.
    Notes: Phosphonium-hydrogendichloride der Zusammensetzung [RR′PCl2]+ [ClHCl]- (1) und [RPCl3]+ [ClHCl]- (5) bzw. des bifunktionellen Typs [P(R)Cl2—R′ — P(R)Cl2]2+ 2[ClHCl]- (6) erhält man als extrem hydrolyseempfindliche, gut kristallisierende Stoffe nach verschiedenen Methoden. Ihre Konstitution wird durch spektroskopische Untersuchungen und Leitfähigkeitsmessungen sichergestellt. - Es wird gezeigt, daß der +M-Effekt von R die Stabilität des Phosphonium-Ions erhöht und dadurch die Bildung von [ClHCl]- begünstigt. Einige Reaktionen von 1 und 5 werden beschrieben. So erhält man aus ihnen durch HCl-Entzug die entsprechenden Phosphorane RR′PCl3 (3) und RPCl4 (4). Diese Reaktion ist reversibel. Die Umsetzung mit HBr führt bei 1 und 5 zu den Bromphosphoranen RR′PBr3 (8) und RPBr4 (9), bei 6 hingegen zu Phosphonium-hydrogendibromiden [P(R)Br2—R′ — P(R)Br2]2+ 2[BrHBr]- (7).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141103
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    Erzeugung und Nachweis des Silaethens Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2: Thermischer Zerfall von (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)Cli (X z. B. Hal, OR, SR) (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3505-3517 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Generation and Evidence of the Silaethene Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2: Thermolysis of (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CLi (X e. g. Hal, OR, SR)Thermal decomposition of Me2Xsi—CLi(SiMe3)2 (1,LiX) in deithyl ether at - 102 to 10°C leads under intramolecular LiX-elimination (X = Hal, TosO, Ph2POn, PhS) to 1,3-disilacyclobutane [Me2Si—C(SiMe3)2]2. (2). The reactive intermediate product is the silaethene Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2 (1) the intermediate formation of which has been established by the determination of reaction rates and order and also through chemical means by trapping 1 with 2, 3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. In the last case a [2 + 4]-cycloadduct as well as an ene-reaction product is formed. The speed of intramolecular LiX-elimination from 1,LiX decreases in the order: 1, LiOTos 〉 1,LiCL 〉 1,LiBr 〉 1,Lil 〉 1,Ph2PO4Li 〉 1,LiSPh ≍ 1,LiF 〉 1,Ph2PO2Li.
    Notes: Der thermische Zerfall von Me2XSi—CLi(SiMe3)2 (1,LiX) führt in Diethylether bei -102 bis 10°C unter intramolekularer LiX-Eliminierung (X = Hal, TosO, Ph2POn, PhS) zum 1,3-Disilacyclobutan [Me2Si—C(SiMe3)2]2 (2). Reaktives Zwischenprodukt ist das Silaethen Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2 (1), dessen intermediäre Bildung auf kinetischem Wege durch Bestimmung von Reaktionsordnung und -geschwindigkeit der Eliminierungsreaktion sowie auf chemischem Wege durch Abfangen von 1 mit 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadien wahrscheinlich gemacht werden konnte. In letzterem Falle entsteht ein [2 + 4]-Cycloaddukt sowie ein En-Reaktionsprodukt. Die Geschwindigkeit der intramolekularen LiX-Eliminierung aus 1, LiX nimmt in der Richtung 1,LiOTos 〉 1,LiCL 〉 1,LiBr 〉 1,Lil 〉 1,Ph2PO4Li 〉 1,LiSPh ≍ 1,LiF 〉 1,Ph2PO2Li ab.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Kleine Ringe, 34: Versuche zur Darstellung von Dimethyltetrahedran (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3916-3921 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Small Rings, 34: Attempts to Synthesize DimethyltetrahedraneIrradiation of dimethyltricyclo[2.1.0.02,5]pentanone (2) and 4,6-dimethyl-α-pyrone (6) in solution leads to products which are derivatives of 1,3-dimethylcyclobutadiene (1). However, in an argon matrix photochemical excitation of 2 results in the formation of methylenecyclobutene 12 which is in a photoequilibrium with vinylallene 11. Under analogous conditions pyrone 6 yields photostable 1,3-dimethylcyclobutadiene (1) via the bicyclic form 9. It is possible that dimethyltetrahedrane (14) is an intermediate in the decarbonylation of 2 into 11 ⇌ 12.
    Notes: Bestrahlung von Dimethyltricyclo[2.1.0.02,5]pentanon (2) und 4,6-Dimethyl-α-pyron (6) in Lösung führt zu Produkten, die sich von 1,3-Dimethylcyclobutadien (1) ableiten. In einer Argon-Matrix dagegen entsteht aus 2 bei photochemischer Anregung das mit dem Methylencyclobuten 12 in einem Photogleichgewicht stehende Vinylallen 11. Unter analogen Bedingungen liefert Pyron 6 über die bicyclische Form 9 photostabiles Cyclobutadien 1. Es ist möglich, daß bei der Decarbonylierung von 2 in 11 ⇌ 12 Dimethyltetrahedran (14) als Zwischenprodukt auftritt.
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    Kleine Ringe, 33: Versuche zur Darstellung von Diphenyltetrahedran (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3906-3915 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Small Rings, 33: Attempts to Synthesize DiphenyltetrahedraneCarbene 7, formed on photochemical or thermal excitation of (2,3-diphenyl-2-cyclopropen-1-yl)-diazomethane (6i), splits mostly into two acetylenes 8 und 9 instead of undergoing an intramolecular cycloaddition. Photolysis of the Masamune ketone 16 depending on the reaction conditions gives either p-terphenyl or a mixture of the two cyclooctatetraenes 18 und 19. The intermediate formation of tetrahedrane 10 would fit into the mechanistic picture of this fragmentation.
    Notes: Das bei photochemischer oder thermischer Anregung von (2,3-Diphenyl-2-cyclopropen-1-yl)diazomethan (6i) entstehende Carben 7 geht anstatt einer intramolekularen Cycloaddition bevorzugt eine Fragmentierung in die beiden Acetylene 8 und 9 ein. Bei Belichtung des Masamune- ketons 16 kann abhängig von den Reaktionsbedingungen entweder p-Terphenyl oder ein Gemisch der beiden Cyclooctatetraene 18 und 19 isoliert werden. Die intermediäre Ausbildung des Tetrahedrans 10 fügt sich gut in das mechanistische Bild ein.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141213
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    Kleine Ringe, 37: Weitere Versuche zur Matrixisolierung von Tetramethyltetrahedran (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3959-3964 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Small Rings, 37: Further Attempts on Matrix Isolation of TetramethyltetrahedraneIrradiation of diketone 4 or cyclobutenedicarboxylic anhydride 6 in an argon matrix leads to tetramethylcyclopentadienone (5). On the contrary, the valence isomeric anhydride 7 gives cyclobutadiene 3 via lactone 8 which also can be prepared directly from α-pyrone 10. Tetramethyltetrahedrane (2) cannot be detected.
    Notes: Belichtung von Diketon 4 oder Cyclobutendicarbonsäureanhydrid 6 in einer Argonmatrix führt zu Tetramethylcyclopentadienon (5). Im Gegensatz dazu liefert das zu 6 valenzisomere Anhydrid 7 über das bicyclische Lacton 8, welches auch direkt aus dem α-Pyron 10 zugänglich ist, das Cyclobutadien 3. Tetramethyltetrahedran (2) ist nicht nachweisbar.
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    Radikalionen, 47. Notiz: Die Strukturänderung während der Einelektronen-Oxidation von Bis(dimethylamino)disulfid (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2632-2639 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Radical Ions, 47. Note on the Structural Change during the One-Electron Oxidation of Bis(dimethylamino) DisulfideOn one-electron oxidation, (H3C)2N—S—S—N(CH3)2 considerably changes its structure: where as the neutral molecule according to the ionization band pattern of the PE spectrum displays N and S lone pairs perpendicular to each other, as ESR spectroscopic comparison suggests a planarized skeleton for the radical cation. INDO closed and open shell total energy hypersurfaces for the model compounds H2N—S—S—NH2 and support the discussion of the spectra.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Über Metallalkyl- und -aryl- Verbindungen, XXVII. Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von Bis(phenylethinyl)bis-(N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylendiamin)magnesium, Mg(C≡CPh)2(tmeda)2 (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2640-2643 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal Alkyl and Aryl Compounds, XXVII. Preparation and Crystal structure of Bis(phenylethynyl)bis(N, N, N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine)magnesium, Mg(C≡CPh)2(tmeda)2The title compound has been prepared from bis(phenylethynyl)magnesium and N, N, N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (tmeda) and investigated by X-ray diffraction methods (orthorhombic space group Cmcm, Z = 4, 696 (reflections, R = 0.049). It represents a first example of an organomagnesium compound with octahedral coordination of the central atom. The phenylethynyl ligands are in trans position.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Darstellung und Eigenschaften von B(OTeF5)3, Cs[B(OTeF5)4] und B(OTeF5)3 · CH3CN (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2644-2648 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation and Properties of B(OTeF5)3, Cs[B(OTeF5)4], and B(OTeF5)3·CH3CNInteraction of BCl3 with HOTeF5 affords B(OTeF5)3 (1) in quantitative yield. This compound reacts with CsOTeF5 to give Cs[B(OTeF5)4] (2) and with acetonitrile to form the adduct B(OTeF5)3·CH3CN (3). Thermolysis of 1 above 130°C leads to TeOF4 which cannot be isolated, but dimerizes to 4 and polymerizes to F5Te[OTeF4]nOTeF5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140727
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    Synthese von Arginin-haltigen Peptiden mit dem Kondensationsreagenz Tris(dimethylamino)phosphan/Hexachlorethan/1-Hydroxybenzotriazol (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2649-2652 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Arginine Containing Peptides by Means of the Condensing Reagent Tris(dimethylamino)phosphane/Hexachloroethane/1-HydroxybenzotriazoleThe combination of the title reagents is well suited for building up protected oligopeptides contatining arginine.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140728
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    Darstellung und Eigenschaften von und Reaktionen mit metallhaltigen Heterocyclen, XVI. Fünfgliedrige Wolfram-, eisen- und nickelhaltige Metallacycloalkane (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2653-2657 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation and Properties of, and Reactions with, Metal-Containing Heterocycles, XVI1) Five-Membered Tungsten-, Iron-, and Nickel-Containing MetallacycloalkanesThe metallacyclopentanes, (3a-c) [m = 1-3: LnM = h5-C5H5Ni (3a), h5-C5H5Fe (3b), h5-C5H5W (3c)] are obtained by reductive cycloelimination of the complexes Ln(OC)m-1M(X)PPh2[CH2]3Cl (2a-c) with sodium amalgam. 3b is also formed from h5-C5H5-(OC)2FeBr (1b) and PPh2[CH2]3MgCl. 3a,b insert SO2 into their M—C σ bond to give the cyclic S-sulfinates (4a,b).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140729
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    N-Ethylcarboxamide von lyxo-Purinnucleosiden (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2947-2955 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: N-Ethyl lyxo Purine Nucleoside CarboxamidesMethyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene lyxuronate (1a) was transformed into 1 α-chloro-1-desoxy-N-ethyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene lyxuronamide (2d). Direct molten state condensation of 2d with silylated 6-chloro- and 2,6-dichloropurine (4a, b) yields mainly N-ethyl-N-9-purinyl nucleoside carboxamides with α and β-configuration (5a, b and 6a, b). The structure of these compounds was established from 1H- and 13C-NMR data.
    Notes: Aus 2,3-O-Isopropylidenlyxuronsäure-methylester (1a) wurde was 1 α-Chlor-1-desoxy-N-ethyl-2,3-O-isopropylidenlyxuronamid (2d) hergestellt. Schmelzkondensation mit silyliertem 6-Chlor- und 2,6-Dichlorpurin (4a, b) lieferte im wesentlichen die N-9-verknüpften α- und β-konfigurierten N-Ethyl-lyxo-purinnucleosidcarboxamide 5a, b und 6a, b. Die Struktur der erhaltenen Nucleoside wurde 1H- und 13C-NMR-spektroskopisch gesichert.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140904
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    Reaktion von Acetyl-Übergangsmetallkomplexen mit Phosphor-Yliden - ein weiteres Beispiel zur Halogenid/Metallat-Analogie (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2956-2970 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Acetyl Transition Metal Complexes with Phosphorus Ylides - a Further Example of Halide/Metalate AnalogyThe reaction of the acetyl metal complexes LnM—C(O)CH3 [LnM = C5H5(CO)2Fe, C5H5(CO)3Mo, C5H5(CO)2[P(CH3)3]Mo] with the phosphorus ylides (CH3)3P=CH2, C2H5(CH3)2P=CH2, (C2H5)3P=CHCH3 and (C4H9)3P=CH2 in the ratio 1:2 yields the corresponding acetyl-substituted ylides R3P=CR′C(O)CH3 3a-d (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C4H9; R′ = H, CH3) and phosphonium metalates [R4P][MLn]4a-d, 6a, b via heterolysis of the Fe—C-σ-bond and transylidation. With CH3C(O)Cl an analogous way of reaction is observed, which however can be repeated to give the diacetyl ylides R3P=C(COCH3)2 8a, b (R = Ch3, n-C4H9). The new compounds are characterized by spectroscopic methods (NMR, IR) and further reactions.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung der Acetyl-Metallkomplexe LnM—C(O)CH3 [LnM = C5H5(CO)2Fe, C5H5(CO)3Mo, C5H5(CO)2[P(CH3)3]Mo] mit den Phosphor-Yliden (CH3)3P=CH2, C2H5(CH3)2P=CH2, (C2H5)3P=CHCH3 und (C4H9)3P=CH2 im Verhältnis 1 : 2 liefert unter Heterolyse der Fe—C-σ-Bindung und Umylidierung die entsprechenden Acetyl-Ylide R3P=CR′C(O)CH3 3a-d (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C4H9; R′ = H, CH3) und Phosphonium-metallate [R4P][MLn] 4a-d, 6a, b. Mit CH3C(O)Cl wird ein analoger Reaktionsverlauf nachgewiesen, der sich aber wiederholen und zu Diacetyl-Yliden R3P=C(COCH3)2 8a, b (R = CH3, n-C4H9) führen kann. Die neuen Verbindungen werden spektroskopisch (NMR, IR) und durch Folgereaktionen charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    Darstellung und Reaktionen von kationischen Chlorobis(phosphan)platin(II)-Komplexen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2971-2978 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Reactions of Cationic Chlorobis(phosphane)platinum(II) Complexes[(R3P)2Pt(Cl)H2O]+BF-4 (1) and (R3P)2Pt(Cl)OSO2CF3 (2) have been prepared by abstraction of chloride from cis-(R3P)2PtCl2 using tetrafluoroboric acid or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, respectively. The protons of the aqua ligand in 1 form hydrogen bridges to the BF-4 anion. The acidic complexes 1 and 2 are useful starting materials for new platinum(II) complexes. HCO-3 neutralizes 1 to form the carbonato complex (Et3P)2PtO2CO (5). The heterogenous reaction of 2a with glycinate gives the cationic chelate complex (6). The coordinated water of 1 is easily substituted by other ligands, e. g. phosphanes. The chloro-bridged complexes [(R3P)2PtCl2Pt(PR3)2]2+ are formed by treatment of 1 or 2 with ethers.
    Notes: [(R3P)2Pt(Cl)H2O]+BF-4 (1) und (R3P)2Pt(Cl)OSO2CF3 (2) (R = Et, n-Bu, Ph; 2 PR3 = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2) werden durch Chlorid-Abstraktion aus cis-(R3P)2PtCl2 mit Tetrafluoroborsäure bzw. Trifluormethansulfonsäure erhalten. Die Protonen des Aqua-Liganden von 1 bilden Wasserstoffbrücken zum BF-4-Anion aus. Die sauren Komplexe 1 und 2 lassen sich zur gezielten Synthese neuer Platin(II)-Komplexe nutzen. In heterogener Reaktion entsteht aus 2a mit Glycinat der kationische Chelatkomplex (6). Hydrogencarbonat neutralisiert 1 unter Bildung des Carbonatokomplexes (Et3P)2PtO2CO (5). Das koordinierte H2O in 1 läßt sich leicht durch andere Liganden, z. B. Phosphane, ersetzen. 1 und 2 bilden in Ethern die Chloro-verbrückten Dikationen [R3P)2PtCl2Pt(PR3)2]2+.
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    Metall-Bor-Verbindungen, 13. Zur Synthese und Reaktivität einiger (Trimethylstannyl)borane (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3056-3062 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metal-Boron Compounds, 13. Synthesis and Reactivity of some (Trimethylstannyl)boranes2)The preparation of some amino(trimethylstannyl)boranes and their chemical properties are described. With Me3SnLi (Me = CH3) as a reagent only the synthesis of Me3SnB(NR2)2 (1a, b), Me3SnBCl(NR2) (2a, b), and (Me3Sn)2BNR2 (3b) was achieved. The stannylboranes Me3SnB(NR2)2 show astonishing thermal stability. Their Sn—B bonds are broken by hydrogen, the halogens, and chalcogens as well as by alcohols. HCl cleaves the B—N bond.
    Notes: Die Darstellung einiger Amino(trimethylstannyl)borane und deren chemische Eigenschaften werden beschrieben. Mit Me3SnBCl(NR2) (1a, b) und Me3SnBCl(NR2) )2a, b) (Me3Sn)2BNR2 (3b). Die Stannylborane Me3SnB(NR2)2 sind thermisch erstaunlich stabil. Ihre Sn—B-Bindungen werden von Wasserstoff, den Halogenen, Chalcogenen und Alkoholen gespalten, während HCl die B—N-Bindung öffnet.
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    Radikale durch Oxidation von λ3-Phosphorin-Derivaten (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3019-3023 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Radicals by Oxidation of λ3-Phosphorin DerivativesThe first ESR spectra, which are observed when 2,4,6-trisubstituted λ3-phosphorins 1a-c are oxidized electrolytically or with dichlorodicyanoquinone (DDQ) in dichloromethane or tetracyanoethene (TCNE) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane, are not - as formerly supposed - those of λ3-phosphorin cation radicals 2a-c. They are secondary radicals of the λ4-phosphorin-type 3 which are produced from the very short living radicals 2 by addition of water from the solvent. Oxidation of 1c in dichloromethane/methanol with DDQ affords the 2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl-1-methoxy-λ4-phosphorin radical 3′c. Further oxidation of the radicals 3 produces the very stable radicals 7a-c, once again by addition of water and deprotonation. Their ESR spectra are very similar to those of the „neutral radicals“, described in the precedent paper, which are formed by the electrolytic oxidation of 1,1-dimethoxy-λ5-phosphorins in dichloromethane in the presence of lithium bromide or by oxidation with lead tetrabenzoate and which are the methyl esters of 7.
    Notes: Die ersten ESR-Spektren, die man bei der elektrolytischen Oxidation von 2,4,6-trisubstituierten λ3-Phosphorinen 1a-c, der Oxidation mit Dichlordicyanchinon (DDQ) in Dichlormethan oder der mit Tetracyanethen (TCNE) in 1,2-Dimethoxyethan beobachtet, sind nicht, wie früher angenommen, die der λ3-Phosphorin-Kationradikale 2a-c. Es sind die von Folgeradikalen vom λ4-Phosphorintyp 3, die aus den sehr kurzlebigen Radikalen 2 durch Addition von Wasser aus dem Lösungsmittel entstehen. Methanolzusatz zum Dichlormethan bei der Oxidation von 1c mit DDQ führt zum 2,4,6-Tri-tert-butyl-1-methoxy-λ4-phosphorin-Radikal 3′c. Bei weiterer Oxidation der Radikale 3 entstehen unter erneuter Addition von Wasser und Deprotonierung die sehr beständigen Radikale 7a-c. Ihre ESR-Spektren unterscheiden sich nur wenig von denen der in der vorstehenden Mitteilung beschriebenen „Neutralradikale“, die bei der elektrolytischen Oxidation aus 1,1-Dimethoxy-λ5-phosphorinen in Dichlormethan bei Anwesenheit von Lithiumbromid oder der Oxidation mit Bleitetrabenzoat entstehen und die den Methylestern von 7 entsprechen.
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    Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, 120. Tetraorganyldiborane(4): Darstellung und Stabilität (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3044-3055 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Boron, 120. Tetraorganyldiboranes(4): Preparation and Stabilitytert-Butylation of B2(OCH3)4 by LiC(CH3)3 proceeds via [(CH3)3C](CH3O)B—B(OCH3)[C(CH3)3] (1) to give tri-tert-butylmethoxydiborane(4) (2). Tetraalkylation of B2(OCH3)4 is achieved by isopropyllithium; no reaction intermediates were found in this case. Al(C2H5)3 reacts with B2(OCH3)4 to give B2(C2H5)4 which is stable only below - 30°C. On the other hand the CH3O group in 2 is replacable by CH3, and the CH3O groups in 1 by ethyl groups. Thus, product control by steric factors is evident. - The thermal stability of tetraorganyldiboranes(4) is controlled by the steric screening of the boron atoms: tetraisopropyldiborane(4) decomposes slowly at room temperature, tetraethyldiborane(4) rapidly at - 20°C.
    Notes: Die tert-Butylierung von B2(OCH3)4 mit LiC(CH3)3 führt über die Stufe [(CH3)3C](CH3O)B—B-(OCH3)[C(CH3)3] (1) zu Tri-tert-butylmethoxydiboran(4) (2). Die Tetraalkylierung von B2(OCH3)4 gelingt mit Isopropyllithium; Isopropylmethoxydiboran(4)-Zwischenstufen sind nicht faßbar. Al(C2H5)3 reagiert mit B2(OCH3)4 zu dem nur unterhalb von - 30°C stabilen B2(C2H5)4. Die CH3O-Gruppe in 2 ist gegen eine CH3-Gruppe ersetzbar, die CH3O-Gruppen von 1 gegen Ethylgruppen. Produktkontrolle erfolgt somit durch sterische Effekte. - Die thermische Stabilität der Tetraorganyldiborane(4) wird von der sterischen Abschirmung der Boratome gesteuert: Tetraisopropyldiboran(4) zersetzt sich langsam bei Raumtemperatur, Tetraethyldiboran(4) rasch bei - 20°C.
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    Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, 119. Darstellung und Struktur von Tris[bis(organylthio)boryl]aminen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3024-3043 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Boron, 119. Synthesis and Structure of Tris[bis(organylthio)boryl]aminesNMR data of Tris[bis(organylthio)boryl]amines, N[B(SR)2]3, prepared by two different routes, indicate chemically equivalent RS groups in solution. The rather weak screening at boron and nitrogen agrees with the competition of three boron atoms for the lone pair of electrons at nitrogen, e.g. weak BN-π-bonding. - The equivalence of the RS groups is lost in the solid state. One(RS)2B group in each of the compounds 1-4 is strongly twisted against the B3N plane, and following the series 1, 2, 4, and 3 the other two orient themselves more and more coplanarily to this plane. Accordingly, a relatively long BN bond (147-148 pm) is observed besides two shorter BN bonds (143-145 pm) in each of these compounds. This is experimental evidence for the dependence of the B—N distance from π-bond order and its angular dependence. In addition, the structures of the 1,3,2-dithiaborolan, the 1,3,2-benzodithiaborol, and the 1,3,2-dithiaborolene ring systems have been ascertained. Only the latter two posses planar rings. - Mass spectrometric fragmentation of the tris[bis(organylthio)boryl]amines proceeds with preferential retention of BN bonding. For instance, the molecular ion of 2 breaks apart by three successive eliminations of ethylene with formation of the radical cation of NB3S6+ (12), derived from a hitherto unknown tricyclic system.
    Notes: Tris[bis(organylthio)boryl]amine, N[B(SR)2]3, nach zwei verschiedenen Verfahren dargestellt, besitzen in Lösung nach NMR-Untersuchungen chemisch äquivalente RS-Gruppen. Die gefundene geringe Abschirmung des Bors und Stickstoffs steht in Übereinstimmung mit der Konkurrenz von drei Boratomen um das freie Elektronenpaar am Stickstoff, d. h. schwacher BN-π-Bindung. - Im festen Zustand der Verbindungen 1-4 ist dagegen jeweils eine der drei (RS)2B-Gruppen stark gegen die B3N-Ebene verdrillt, und in der Reihe 1, 2, 4 und 3 zunehmend stellen sich die beiden anderen koplanar zu dieser Ebene ein. Dementsprechend beobachtet man eine relativ lange (147-148 pm) neben zwei kürzeren BN-Bindungen (143-145 pm). Dies ist ein experimenteller Beleg für die Abhängigkeit des B—N-Abstands von der π-Bindungsordnung zwischen B und N und ihrer Winkelabhängigkeit. Zugleich wurde die Struktur des 1,3,2-Dithiaborolan-, des 1,3,2-Benzodithiaborol- und des 1,3,2-Dithiaborolen-Ringes ermittelt. Nur die beiden letztgenannten Heterocyclen besitzen ein planares Ringgerüst. Die massenspektrometrische Fragmentierung der Tris[bis(organylthio)boryl]amine verläuft bevorzugt unter Erhaltung der BN-Bindungen. Dabei zerfällt das Molekül-Ion von 2 vor allem unter sukzessiver Abspaltung von 3 mol Ethylen und Bildung des Radikal-Kations NB3S6+ (12), das sich von einem bisher unbekannten Tricyclus ableitet.
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    Bausteine von Oligosacchariden, XXX. Neue effektive β-Glycosidsynthese für Mannose-Glycoside Synthesen von Mannose-haltigen Oligosacchariden (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3102-3114 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Building Units for Oligosaccharides, XXX. New Efficient β-Glycoside Synthesis of Mannose Glycosides Syntheses of Mannose Containing OligosaccharidesA new method was developed for the stereo selective synthesis of oligosaccharides containing a β-linked mannose-unit which were hitherto not available by direct synthesis. The glycoside synthesis is promoted by a silversilicate-catalyst which was precipitated on aluminium oxide. The trisaccharides 20 and 31 (see german summary) and the tetrasaccharide 33 were synthesized, demonstrating the advantages offered by block synthesis.
    Notes: Es wird eine neue Methode zur selektiven Synthese von Oligosacchariden mit β-verknüpfter Mannose-Einheit entwickelt, für deren direkte Gewinnung es bisher kein Verfahren gab. Als Katalysator dient ein auf Al2O3 niedergeschlagenes Silbersilicat. Es werden die Trisaccharide β-D-Man-(1→4)α-D-Gal-(1→4)-L-Rha (20) und sowie das Tetrasaccharid 33 synthetisiert. Hierbei werden die Vorteile der Blocksynthese demonstriert.
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    Ein cyclisches Carbodiphosphoran und eine offenkettige Vergleichsverbindung (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3063-3069 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A Cyclic Carbodiphosphorane and an Open-chain Reference CompoundThe cyclic carbodiphosphorane 8 is prepared from bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (1) and 1,3-dibromopropane, via a diphosphonium salt 6 and a semiquaternary salt 7, through transylidation with salt-free trimethyl methylene phosphorane. The structure is established by 1H-, 13C-, 31P-NMR and mass spectrometry, as well as by X-ray diffraction. Reprotonation with anhydrous HCl regenerates the diphosphonium salt 6. With tetrahydrofuran-borane, 8 is converted into a 1:1-borane complex 9, with the BH3 acceptor attached to the double-ylide carbon bridge. Methylation with CH3I occurs in the same position (10). 1:1-complexes (11, 12) are also formed with dimethylzink and -cadmium. The products are probably dimeric and show a rapid CH3-exchange in solution. - The already known open-chain analogue CH3(C6H5)2P=C=P(C6H5)2CH3 (4) resembles 8 in many respects, including the molecular structure. In the coordination interaction with metals a metalation in the CH3-groups in strongly favoured, however, as it is again shown in the nickel complex 5.
    Notes: Aus Bis(diphenylphosphino)methan (1) und 1,3-Dibrompropan wird über ein Diphosphoniumsalz 6 und ein Semiquartärsalz 7 durch Umylidierung mit salzfreiem Trimethylmethylenphosphoran das cyclische Carbodiphosphoran 8 dargestellt. Der Strukturbeweis gelingt über 1H-, 13C-, 31P-NMR-und Massenspektrum sowie durch eine Röntgenbeugungsanalyse. Durch wasserfreien Chlorwasserstoff wird das Diphosphoniumsalz 6 zurückgebildet. Mit Tetrahydrofuran-Boran wird ein 1:1-Komplex 9 erhalten, der den BH3-Akzeptor am Doppelylid-Brückenkohlenstoffatom gebunden hat. In gleicher Position erfolgt die Methylierung mit Methyliodid (10). Mit Dimethylzink und -cadmium entstehen 1:1-Komplexe (11, 12) vermutlich dimerer Struktur, die in Lösung raschen CH3-Austausch zeigen. - Das schon bekannte offenkettige Analogon CH3(C6H5)2P=C=P(C6H5)2CH3 (4) gleicht in vielen Eigenschaften, einschließlich seiner Molekülstruktur, dem Heterocyclus 8 Bei der Komplexbildung mit Metallen erfolgt hier jedoch bevorzugt Eintritt in die CH3-Gruppen. Der Nickelkomplex 5 ist dafür ein charakteristisches Beispiel.
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    Some computational aspects of elastic-plastic large strain analysis (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 15-41 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The governing equations for large strain analysis of elastic-plastic problems are reconsidered. An improved form of these equations is derived, which is valid for small increments of strain and large increments of rotation. Special attention is paid to the integration procedures for these equations in the deformation history. It is shown that the tangent modulus procedure for integration of the constitutive equations is conditionally stable, and that implicit methods, such as the ‘mean normal’ method, are to be preferred. A novel procedure is introduced for the treatment of nonlinear geometric effects. The performance of various element types is examined, with specific attention to effects of ‘locking’ and distortion. Several applications are discussed to illustrate the various aspects of the formulation developed ein this paper.
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    Elasto visco-plastic flow with special attention to boundary conditions (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 97-112 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper we analyse a simple but non-trivial steady-state creeping elasto visco-plastic (Maxwell fluid) radial flow problem, paying particular attention to the effects of the boundary conditions. Solutions are obtained by integration of a governing equation on stress, using the Runge-Kutta method for initial value problems and finite differences for boundary value problems. A more general approach by the finite element method, which solves for the velocity field rather than the stress field, and which is applicable to a wide range of problems, is presented and tested using the radial flow example.
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    Alternative integration formulae for triangular finite elements (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 133-139 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Some new formulae are presented for numerical integration over triangular regions. These formulae, which are triangularly symmetric, involve four, six, and seven integration points, respectively. They were derived by determining co-ordinates and weight factors for which polynomial functions of up to a certain degree are integrated exactly. The effectiveness of the formulae is demonstrated by applying them to the integration of five non-polynomial functions, two of which are singular within the region of integration. Results obtained with the new formulae are compared with results obtained with other, comparable formulae. It is seen that the new formulae are more accurate than some existing ones with the same numbers of points.
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    Boundary and interior layers - computational and asymptotic methods, Proceedings of the BAIL I Conference held at Trinity College, Dublin, June 1980, Published by Boole Press, Dublin (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 156-156 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    Finite element analysis of earthquake-induced sloshing in axisymmetric tanks (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 159-170 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element anaylysis to predict the sloshing dislacements and hydrodynamic pressures in liquid-filled tanks subjected to earthquake ground motions is presented. Finite element equations were derived using the Galerkin formulation, and the predicted results were checked against the test data, showing a good agreement between the test and finite element results.
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    Minimum cost design of framed structures by the mini-max dual method (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 213-229 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Minimum cost design of a framed structure is considered by using the mini-mas dual method. Stress and/or displacement constraints are imposed as behavioural constraints. The minimum cost design problem has a discrete objective function and discrete design variables. A sequence of approximate optimization problems in created by using the first-order Taylor series expansion for displacements with respect to the reciprocals of cross-sectional areas and moments of inertia. Each approximate problem is solved in the dual space. Two simple structural examples are given to show the appropriateness and efficiency of the proposed procedure. Approximate solutions are obtained within five structural analysis.
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    Nonlinear analysis of portal frames (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 123-132 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A kinematically nonlinear analysis of unbraced, rigid-jointed, portal frames, rotationally restrained at the base and subjected to eccentric concentrated and/or uniformly distributed loads, is presented. Through this analysis the complete behaviour, including the primary path and postbuckling path (whenever it exists), is evaluated. Moreover, through parametric studies, the effects of bar slenderness ratio, load eccentricity and amount of rotational restraint are assessed. Through this method it is also possible to assess the effect of member lengths and member lengths and member bending stiffnesses.
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    Numerical results from large deflection beam and frame problems analysed by means of elliptic integrals (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 145-153 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Numerical evaluations of elliptic integral solutions of some large deflection beam and frame problems are presented. The values are given in tabular form with up to six significant figures. The numerical technique used for evaluating the elliptic integrals is described.
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    Developments in boundary element methods - 1, Edited by P. K. Banerjee and R. Butterfield, Applied Science Publishers, London, 1979. No of pages: 292. Price: hard cover, £27.00 (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 156-156 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    Development of a unified numerical procedure for free vibration analysis of structures (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 187-198 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper presents the details of a unified numerical algorithm and the associated computer program developed for the efficient determination of natural frequencies and modes of free vibration of structures. Both spinning and nonspinning structures with or without viscous and/or structural damping may be solved by the current procedure; in a addition, the program is capable of solving static problems with multiple load cases as well as the quadratic matric eigenproblem associated with a finite dynamic element structural discretization. A special symmetric matrix decomposition scheme has been adopted for matrix triangularization, which renders the program rather efficient and economical. Also, a novel bisection scheme is described that further accelerates the solution convergence rate, particularly for the case of repeated roots.The associated computer program adopts and out-of-core solution strategy, thereby enabling effective solutions to be achieved for large, complex, practical structures. A complete listing of the program written in FORTRAN V, for the UNIVAC 1100/82 computer, along with the source deck is available for ready use.
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    A program to integrate a function tabulated at unequal intervals (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 271-279 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A FORTRAN subroutine is presented to integrate a function given only by a set of tabular values at unequal intervals. It uses the trapezoidal rule and a generalization of Simpson's rule, obtaining a conservative error estimate by comparing the two results.
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    An efficient implementation of the enthalpy method (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 301-305 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    The finite element method: A first approach, by Alan J. Davies, Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1980. No. of Pages: 287. Price: £19.50 (hardback), £9.50 (paperback) (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 309-309 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170215
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    Numerical methods, by R. L. Broughton and A. R. D. Ramsey, Bell and Hyman, London, No. of Pages: 119. price: £2·20 paperback (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 312-312 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170219
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    On the treatment of time-dependent boundary conditions in splitting methods for parabolic differential equations (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 335-346 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Splitting methods for time-dependent partial differential equations usually exhibit a drop in accuracy if boundary conditions become time-dependent. This phenomenon is investigated for a class of splitting methods for two-space dimensional parabolic partial differential equations. A boundary-value correction discussed in a paper by Fairweather and Mitchell for the Laplace equation with Dirichlet conditions, is generalized for a wide class of initial boundary-value problems. A numerical comparison is made for the ADI method of Peaceman-Rachford and the LOD method of Yanenko applied to problems with Dirichlet boundary conditions and non-Dirichlet boundary conditions.
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    Inverse problems in structural dynamics - I. Theory (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 357-365 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170306
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    Mixed mode fracture analysis of rectilinear anisotropic plates by high order finite elements (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 445-464 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A singular finite element is developed for direct calculation of combined modes I and II stress intensity factors for planar rectilinear anisotropic structures subject to arbitrary loading. Twelve-node conventional elements are used in conjunction with a linear elastic fracture mechanics enrichment of the same element which is formed into a four-element macro-element. Example problems show this formulation to be exceptionally accurate and results are presented for a variety of modern fibre-reinforced composites in simple mode I extension and in mixed mode I and II situations. In addition, it is shown that the meshes for accurate results are relatively coarse and thus calculations are quite economical.
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    Letters to the editor (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 477-477 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170314
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    Masthead (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170401
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    Large deflections and large amplitude vibrations of axisymmetric circular plates (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 527-541 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper is concerned with conventional and mixed finite element analysis of large deflection bending and free vibration of axisymmetric circular plates including shear deformation. Conventional and mixed finite element formulations are presented. Numerical results are included for isotropic as well as orthotropic, circular and annular plates under various edge conditions and loadings.
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    Simplified direct optimization of tubular truss structures (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 601-613 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The general problem of optimum design of trusses composed of tubular elements requires the determination of cross-sectional dimensions for each element which satisfy a set of side constraints on those dimensions as well as Euler and local buckling constraints. A formulation is presented which eliminates the necessity to use mathematical programming methods for the determination of feasible cross-sectional dimensions. The minimization problem is shown to be expressible in terms of area variables only, with each area subject to bounds which are functions of truss stiffness but which may be obtained by explicit analysis of the element ‘desing space’ for any design. This‘direct’ formulation is completely general and compatible with any minimization algorithm. The formulation also leads to a simple and efficient recursive procedure for producing near-optimal fully-constrained designs. Several examples illustrate results obtained by both the direct and recursive procedures.
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    Masthead (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    The application of quasi-Newton methods in fluid mechanics (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 707-718 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The use of quasi-Newton methods is studied for the solution of the nonlinear finite element equations that arise in the analysis of incompressible fluid flow. An effective procedure for the use of Broyden's method in finite element analysis is presented. The quasi-Newton method is compared with the commonly employed successive substitution and Newton-Raphson procedures, and it is concluded that the use of Broyden's method can constitute an effective solution strategy.
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    On computational strategies for problems involving plasticity and creep (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 747-771 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper discusses computational strategies for elastic-plastic-creep behaviour. These computational strategies, based on the tangent stiffness and initial strain techniques, include solution algorithms, modelling techniques and constitutive relations.A predictor-corrector iterative and non-iterative scheme is presented for combined plasticity and creep. This scheme has been incorporated into the three-dimensional, isoparametric element, module (HEX) of the Grumman PLANS finite element program for nonlinear analysis and used for the problems presented in this paper.The concept of modelling for inelastic behaviour is demonstrated by introducing a variable set of inelastic integration points within a finite element at which stresses and strains are monitored.In order to perform a meaningful analysis, one must understand and justify the employed constitutive relations. To this end, work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in justifying constitutive relations for high-temperature nuclear reactor components is referred to.An analysis of a test model of a nuclear reactor inlet nozzle operating at high temperatures is presented to demonstrate some of the computational strategies discussed.
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    Statics of thin-walled pretwisted beams (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1407-1426 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The displacement and strain fields of thin-walled pretwisted beams are prescribed in terms of generalized displacements for extension, bending, torsion and warping. Differential equations and boundary conditions are obtained from the elastic potential energy functional without assuming coincidence of the beam axis with any of the structural axes. This procedure gives a unique consistent definition of sectional moments and generalized forces. Some simple explicit formulae are derived for homogeneous tension-torsion. For the general case a computer code is developed on the basis of discretized generalized displacements and a modified energy functional, devised to obtain consistent lengthwise variation of the stresses and a unique decomposition of the torsional moment. Examples show agreement with analytical results for cylindrical beams and illustrate the various coupling effects for beams with pretwist. They also demonstrate the usefulness of the explicit formulae for homogeneous tension-torsion.
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    Eigensolution using lagrangian interpolation (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1443-1453 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A computationally efficient and accurate solution technique for large-order eigenvalue problems with small to medium bandwidth is presented. The algorithm - called the Sub-Polynomial Iteration (SPI) method - solves for the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors. directly without any transformation to the standard form. The method is an efficient combination of several separate techniques including Sturm sequence, Lagrangian polynomial interpolation, inverse iteration with shift and Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization. Computer run times for a set of sample solution indicate the efficiency of the SPI method.
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    A boundary integral equation method for plate flexure with conditions inside the domain (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1647-1657 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: A method for solving boundary value problems for thin plate flexure as described by Kirchhoff's theory is proposed. An integral formulation leads to a system of boundary integral equations involving values of deflection, slope, bending moment and transverse shear force along the edge. A discretization leading to a matrix formulation is proposed. To solve problems with inner conditions in the plate domain, an elimination of boundary unknowns proves successful. The degenerate case where the boundary is free (which leads to a non-invertible matrix) is investigated. Three examples illustrate the efficiency of the method.
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    Letters to the editor (1981)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1740-1742 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Announcements (1981)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1743-1748 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    A preprocessor for the finite element program SAP IVPresented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the Society of Engineering Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A., 5-7 September, 1979. (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1779-1789 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The following work proposes the use of a special description-language for producing input data of finite element programs. The programs now used require a detailed description of the structure to be analysed, and they require it in a form which is unfavourable to the user and which promotes errors. Therefore, a language was designed which allows a short and compact description of the structure. This description is then automatically transformed into the input data. In this paper, the design process and the characteristics of the language are presented. Some comments on its implementation, that is on the development of a special preprocessor, are made. As target system, the finite element program SAP IV has been chosen. Finally, we want to present an example of the improvements achieved by the use of this language and the SAP IV preprocessor, respectively.
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    Elastic-plastic analysis of plates by the hybrid-stress model and initial-stress approach (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1791-1810 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: Two alternative hybrid-stress-based functionals are examined for the incremental elastic-plastic static analysis of single layer plates. Material nonlinear effects are incorporated via the initial-stress approach so that an equivalent nodal force vector is defined and the stiffness remains constant throughout the incremental loading. The alternative functionals differ in the incremental stress which is assumed to satisfy equilibrium; in the first, it is the actual stress increment, and in the second it is the elastic stress increment. Results are presented for two example problems, and comparisons of the alternative functionals and plausible iteration schemes are given. The effects of variation of pertinent solution parameters are also shown. A 4-node hybrid-stress plate element based on a Mindlin-type displacement field is used for most cases; however, limited results are also presented using an 8-node plate element, thus permitting comparisons of the relative efficiencies of the two elements.
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    Letters to the editor (1981)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1888-1889 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    ‘Infinite domain’ elements (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 43-52 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: A parametric element is formulated which enables the economic modelling of ‘infinite domain’ type problmes. A typical problem is an opening in a stress field in an infinite medium, either in two or three dimensions. The strategy is to model around the opening with two or three layers of conventional isoparametric finite elements and surround these with a single layer of ‘infinite domain’ elements.Several sample problems has been analysed for circular, square and spherical openings in infinite media, and the results compared with either theoretical or boundary element solutions which include the ‘infinite’ boundary in their solution technique.
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    Simplified analysis of linear fluid-structure interaction (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 113-121 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An approximation method is presented for the analysis for the interaction of a structure with a compressible linear fluid. The method uses the fact that the eigenvalues of the dry structure are higher than the corresponding eigenvalues of a structure in contact with an incompressible fluid, and the corresponding eigenvalues of a structure in contact with a compressible fluid are even lower. The proof of this theorem is given. It is shown that in both the compressible and incompressible cases the number of degress-of-freedom can be reduced to the number of boundary points which results in a substantial saving of core memory space and computing time. A sample problem is given to demonstrate the good results of the approximation methods for a low quotient of the eigenfrequencies divided by the square of the speed of sound.
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    Continuously deforming finite elements for the solution of parabolic problems, with and without phase change (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 81-96 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A number of transport problems are complicated by the presence of physically important transition zones where quantities exhibit steep gradients and special numerical care is required. When the location of such a transition zone changes as the solution evolves through time, use of a deforming numerical mesh is appropriate in order to preserve the proper numerical features both within the transition zone and at its boundaries.A general finite element solution method is described wherein the elements are allowed to deform continuously, and the effects of this deformation are accounted for exactly. The method is based on the Galerkin approximation in space, and uses finite difference approximations for the time derivatives. In the absence of element deformation, the method reduces to the conventional Galerkin formulation.The method is applied to the two-phase Stefan problem associated with the melting and solidification of A substance. The interface between the solid and liquid phase form an internal moving boundary, and latent heat effects are accounted for in the associated boundary condition. By allowing continuous mesh deformation, as dictated by this boundary condition, the moving boundary always lies on element boundaries. This circumvents the difficulties inherent in interpolation of parameters and dependent variables across regions where those quantities change abruptly.Basis functions based on Hermite polynomials are used, to allow exact specification of the flux-latent heat balance condition at the phase boundary. Analytic solutions for special cases provide tests of the method.
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    Correction and further discussion of: ‘Finite elements based on energy orthogonal functions’The number of equations follows Reference 1. New equations are number consecutively from (56) (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 154-155 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Announcements (1981)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 157-158 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    The finite element method for laminar flow with chemical reaction (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 239-253 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element formulation of laminar flow with finite rate chemical reaction and heat release is made. Results are presented for steady flow in a channel, a special case of which is solved analytically, and for transverse flow around a cylinder. These illustrate the power of the finite element method for the calculation of reacting flows in complex geometries.
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    Solutions of boundary-value problems by the Lanczos-Chebyshev reduction method (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 291-299 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The reduction of liner partial differential equations for boundary-value problems to ordinary differential equations by the Lanczos-Chebyshev method is discussed and illustrated by applications to linear stress analysis and heat conduction in axisymmetric cylinders. Numerical examples given include eigenvalues for self-equilibrating end load problems in hollow cylinders, and heat conduction in a semi-infinite cylinder. Heat conduction in an infinite half-space is treated by considering a large multi-annular cylinder. The simplicity of the Lanczos-Chebyshev reduction method and its speed and accuracy are demonstrated.
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    Thory of shells, Editions W. T. Koiter and G. K. Mikhailov, North-Holland Publishing Company, 1980, Price: $US117.00 (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 310-311 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Announcements (1981)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 312-314 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Masthead (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170301
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    Infinite elements with 1/rn type decay (1981)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 347-355 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper presents a method of developing a family of 1/rn type infinite elements for the analysis of problems definite in unbounded media. The proposed method is a direct extension of the conventional finite element method. The resulting improper integrals are integrated exactly over the infinite element domains. Two numerical examples in elastic half-space static problems are investigated to illustrate the applicability and accuracy of the method. The use of the proposed infinite elements yields excellent results and preserves all the advantages of the finite element method.
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    Two numerical schemes for nonlinear consolidation (1981)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 405-426 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Mathematical simulation of singularities for isoparametric elements of arbitrary orders (1981)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 465-470 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For the general quadrilateral isoparametric elements with 4(n-1) nodes (i.e. n nodes along each side), it is shown that the inverse square root singularity of the strain field at the crack tip can be obtained by a general but simple rule. This amounts to collapsing the quadrilateral elements into triangular elements around the crack tip and placing the (n-2) mid-side nodes at locations γ2/(n-1)2 (γ=1,2,…, n-2) times the length of side emanating from the crack tip. These locations are measured from the crack tip. The known results for n = 3 and n = 4 are thus obtained as special cases.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Structural mechanics finite element computer programs, a decade with finite elements (1970-1980), Advanced Engineering Corporation, Box 3044, s-580 03 Linköping, Sweden. No. of pages: 665. price: $84.00 + postage (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 478-478 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170316
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    Static and periodic infinite solid elements (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 503-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170403
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    Singular finite element efficiency in estimating stress intensity factors (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 557-572 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Singular finite element displacement functions for linear elastic fracture mechanics applications are investigated. The displacement fields are expressed in terms of polynomials. These polynomials are expanded in varying degrees of r and θ in order to examine the effect of the number and type of terms on the solution to various problems with known solutions. Methods of estimating the stress intensity factors for mode 1 and mode 2 are presented. Numerical results evaluating the effect of various r and θ terms on the solutions are presented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170406
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    Announcements (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 645-647 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170411
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    Adaptive mesh refinement processes for finite element solutions (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 649-662 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The nature of adaptive processes is reviewed using as an example a specific finite element problem. Several possible formulations for the objective of mesh refinement processes are given. For the most natural of these objectives the A*-algorithms of artificial intelligence turn out to provide a solution process which is known to be optimal in a certain sense. But practically, there is insufficient information and these processes tend to be inefficient. On the other hand, if the objective is replaced by a strictly local objective based on Pareto-optimality, the error estimates of the resulting mesh sequence are shown to exhibit the order of convergence which is known to be best possible for the type of elements used.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    High-order curved finite elements (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 735-745 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Recent finite element analysis of adaptive refinement has focused attention on high-order approximation within elements. High-order approximation may be attained over curved elements with either rational basis functions expressed directly in the global co-ordinates or with a particular class of isoparametric basis functions. Theory for construction of high-order rational bases yields modifications to the blending method for a special class of elements in order to achieve higher order approximation within these elements.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170507
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    The significance of chequerboarding in a Galerkin finite element solution of the Navier-Stokes equations (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 790-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170511
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    Announcements (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 797-800 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170514
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    Transient forced vibration of rotationally periodic structures (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 957-974 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The calculation of the response of rotationally periodic structures to transient forces and prescribed motions is considered. The work extends the work previously described by Thomas1 in which only the free and harmonic forced vibration problems were considered. It is assumed that the finite element method is to be used, so that the equation of motion of the structure contains a finite number of degrees-of-freedom whose responses are governed by mass, stiffness and damping matrices. It is shown that an exact solution to the equation of motion of the idealized full structure can be obtained by solving the equation of motion of a single substructure for a number of different spatial Fourier harmonics of force (and hence response). A modal method of solving this equation is described. a brief description of the implementation of the method in a suite of computer programs, and the application of the programs to a practical problems, is also given.
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    Continuous families of Lax-Wendroff schemesFrom Journal Paper Number 8044, Purdue Agricultural Experimental Station. (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 975-989 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Families of difference schemes are developed for both the linear and nonlinear inviscid Burger's equation and a system of shallow water equations. Single-step and two-step (Lax-Wendroff type) families are described and comparisons are made with other difference schemes.The schemes are developed using a very limited portion of a space-time continua, coupled with Galerkin's method applied over a few triangular elements. The elements are geometrically flexible as a function of a geometry factor α, creating the idea of difference families.Stability is commented on, including the continuous relationship between stability and the families of schemes as a function of α. Numerical results are presented and commented on for the system of shallow water equations and the inviscid Burger's equation. Several areas for future research are described.
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    A new technique for the evaluation of the temperatures arising from some geometries which commonly occur in microelectronics (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1069-1079 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a series summation computation method for calculating temperatures arising from some geometries which commonly occur in microelectronics. The method, which is suitable for use with pocket calculators, involves an exchange of terms with those of a known series. At each stage of the summation a state of convergence (SOC) is calculated in terms of the maximum possible error, thus enabling the calculation to be terminated as soon as the required accuracy has been obtained.
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    An algorithm for the solution of very large banded unsymmetric linear equation systems (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1103-1117 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an algorithm and corresponding FORTRAN program for the solution of unsymmetric banded linear equation systems. The algorithm is based on the Crout method. A special technique, called double windowing, enables the solution of very large equation systems with a total equation number reaching 30,000 and a full bandwidth in excess of 1,000. Special attention was devoted to minimization of peripheral processor time (communication with backing disc memory). An appendix lists the complete program for Cyber series computers (CDC).
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    A cubic triangular element with local continuity - an application in potential flow (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1147-1159 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A triangular element is developed using a complete third-degree polynomial as the interpolation function. The nodal variables include the function and its first-order derivatives. A local continuity condition, which implements the conservation of the normal gradients of the interpolation function along the three boundaries of the element, is provided as a remedy for the nonconformity of the first-order derivatives in conventional C° elements. The element is applied to potential flow problems. Numerical results for the flow over a cylinder and the flow through a draft tube elbow of a hydraulic turbine confirm the validity and the accuracy of this new cubic element. A comparison of this element with a C° triangular element is made by checking their differences from an analytical solution for the flow over the cylinder. This element appears to be more accurate than the C° element.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170803
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    Numerical integration of linear boundary value problems in solid mechanics by segmentation method (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1233-1256 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Numerical integration of the system of governing equations which define a boundary value problem written down in the form of a coupled system of first-order ordinary differential equations is shown to be a powerful technique. After presenting the basic approach the paper critically examines the numerical schemes available for situations when the boundary value problem so defined has boundary layer characteristics. One such method which is originally due to Goldberg, Setlur and Alspaugh3 is described in detail, with documentation in the form of a flow diagram and a FORTRAN listing of a working subroutine. The method is shown to be computationally efficient and reliable for the solution of a class of problems in the field of solid mechanics. Potential use of the method for the solution of magnetostatic problems is indicated.
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    Uniform rational approximation by differential correction and remes-differential correlation (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1273-1278 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We present two self-contained programs which have given excellent results for uniform approximation of functions (or discrete data) by generalized rational functions. The first program is an extension of a program published in 1975 which uses a linear programming approach known as the differential correction algorithm. The present version is more robust, and allows for the use of a multiplicative weight function and restrictions on the values of the approximating function. These features make the program more suitable for applications such as digital filter approximation. The second program uses a combination of the Remes and differential correction algorithms which combines some of the good features of both algorithms. Given here is a discussion of the algorithms together with several examples. A FORTRAN listing can be obtained from the first author.
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    Numerical optimization of dynamic systems, Edited by L. C. W. Dixon and G. P. Szegö, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1980. Price $53·75 (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1281-1282 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170813
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    Finite difference solution of a system of first-order partial differential equations (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1385-1395 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite difference solution of a system of first-order partial differential equations, using a central difference scheme, is presented. The equations describe the linear elastic behaviour of a thick rectangular plate resting on an elastic foundation and carrying an arbitrary transverse load. The lateral edges of the plate are unstressed. The main deflections and stresses predicted by the method for a particular case are given, together for purposes of comparison, with results from a finite element analysis.
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    Remarks about diagonal mass matrices (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1427-1429 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170910
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    Masthead (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981) 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620171001
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    Plane isoparametric hybrid-stress elements: Invariance and optimal sampling (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1469-1496 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Formulation and applications of the hybrid-stress finite element model to plane elasticity problems are examined. Conditions for invariance of the element stiffness are established for two-dimensional problems, the results of which are easily extended to three-dimensional cases. Next, the hybrid-stress functional for a 3-D continuum is manipulated into a more convenient form in which the location of optimal stress/strain sampling points can be identified. To illustrate these concepts, 4- and 8-node plane isoparametric hybrid-stress elements which are invariant and of correct rank are developed and compared with existing hybrid-stress elements. For a 4-node element, lack of invariance is shown to lead to spurious zero energy modes under appropriate element rotation. Alternative 8-node elements are considered, and the best invariant element is shown to be one in which the stress compatibility equations are invoked. Results are also presented which demonstrate the validity of the optimal sampling points, the effects of reduced orders of numerical integration, and the behaviour of the elements for nearly incompressible materials.
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    Stereo decomposition subroutines for three-dimensional plotter programs (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1571-1575 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two-dimensional distributions and three-dimensional element meshes are usually plotted in axonometric projection. Stereo decomposition can make the plots of complicated functions and structures more synoptical; the object appears in three dimensions. The method can be useful for the display of displacements and model shapes of three-dimensional structures as well.
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    Masthead (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981) 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620171101
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