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  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION  (1,013)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (925)
  • 1975-1979  (1,938)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1979  (1,055)
  • 1977  (883)
Collection
Keywords
Years
  • 1975-1979  (1,938)
  • 1960-1964
Year
  • 1
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    Overview - Electric fields (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The electric fields session is designed to review progress in observation, theory, and modeling of magnetospheric electric fields, and to expose important new results. The present report comments on the state and prospects of electric field research, with particular emphasis on relevance to quantitative modeling of the magnetospheric processes. Attention is given to underlying theories and models. Modeling philosophy is discussed relative to explanatory models and representative models. Modeling of magnetospheric electric fields, while in its infancy, is developing rapidly on many fronts employing a variety of approaches. The general topic of magnetospheric electric fields is becoming of prime importance in understanding space plasmas.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Satellite Power Systems (SPS): Concept development and evaluation program: Preliminary assessment (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A preliminary assessment of a potential Satellite Power System (SPS) is provided. The assessment includes discussion of technical and economic feasibility; the effects of microwave power transmission beams on biological, ecological, and electromagnetic systems; the impact of SPS construction, deployment, and operations on the biosphere and on society; and the merits of SPS compared to other future energy alternatives.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-81142 , DOE/ER-0041
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  • 3
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    Lightning apparent source of environmentally important gases (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-NEWS-RELEASE-79-131 , P79-10129
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  • 4
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    Applications of free-space microwave power transmission (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Some applications and properties of free-space power transmission are examined. Among the properties discussed are: no mass, either in the form of wire conductors or ferrying vehicles, is needed between the source of energy and the point of consumption; energy can be transferred at the velocity of light; no loss of energy in transferring energy throught the vacuum of space; and the energy transfer is insensitive to a difference in the gravitational potential of the transmitter and receiver locations. Applications discussed include the Solar Power Satellite, high altitude platforms for communications and remote sensing. Also discussed are rectennas and retrodirective arrays. Finally, an expression yielding minimum cost is presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 17; Sept
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  • 5
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    Application of space technology to crustal dynamics and earthquake research (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: In cooperation with other Federal government agencies, and the governments of other countries, NASA is undertaking a program of research in geodynamics. The present program activities and plans for extension of these activities in the time period 1979-1985 are described. The program includes operation of observatories for laser ranging to the Moon and to artificial satellites, and radio observatories for very long baseline microwave interferometry (VLBI). These observatories are used to measure polar motion, earth rotation, and tectonic plate movement, and serve as base stations for mobile facilities. The mobile laser ranging and VLBI facilities are used to measure crustal deformation in tectonically active areas.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TP-1464
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  • 6
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    Lightning as an indication of storm severity (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: There is a substantial case for the theory that cloud electrification is related primarily to strong convection and the sizeable relative air motion that it implies; therefore, the electrification and subsequent discharge rates can be related to the air motion environment of thunderstorms. The isoceraunic contour map used by the WMO for observing and measuring thunderstorm occurrence contains no information on flash rates, flash density, flash relationship to storm severity, or flash variation with meteorological environment. A constant-view geosynchronous lightning mapper would permit simultaneous studies of the lightning discharge patterns and the meteorological environment of storms, thus establishing whether or not there is a reliable enough relationship to use the observed flash rates and characteristics as supplemental guidance for storm forecast refinement.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: Workshop on the Need for Lightning Observations from Space; p 153-155
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  • 7
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    Satellite power system: Concept development and evaluation program, reference system report (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The Satellite Power System (SPS) Reference System is discussed and the technical and operational information required in support of environmental, socioeconomic, and comparative assessment studies are emphasized. The reference System concept features a gallium-aluminum-arsenide, and silicon solar cell options. Other aspects of an SPS are the construction of bases in space, launch and mission control bases on earth, and fleets of various transportation vehicles to support the construction and maintenance operations of the satellites.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: DOE/ER-0023
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  • 8
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    The effect of errors in the assignment of the transmission functions on the accuracy of the thermal sounding of the atmosphere (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: In order to test the error of calculation in assumed values of the transmission function for Soviet and American radiometers sounding the atmosphere thermally from orbiting satellites, the assumptions of the transmission calculation is varied with respect to atmospheric CO2 content, transmission frequency, and atmospheric absorption. The error arising from variations of the assumptions from the standard basic model is calculated.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-75654 , Conf. of the Soviet-Am. Working Group on Space Meteorol.; Nov 10, 1976 - Nov 22, 1976; Moscow
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  • 9
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    Method for the rapid temperature correction of a transmission in an inhomogeneous atmosphere (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The value of the transmission function in a heterogeneous atmosphere is determined by iterative correction of values in particular layers. The iterative equation and a set of absolute values of errors is presented in two tables.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-75649 , Conf. of the Soviet-Am. Working Group on Space Meteorol.; Nov 10, 1976 - Nov 22, 1976; Moscow
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  • 10
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    Energy: A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 21 (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 1873 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system from January 1, 1979 through March 31, 1979.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-SP-7043(21)
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  • 11
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    Energy: A continuing bibliography with indexes (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 1096 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System from April 1, 1979 through June 30, 1979.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-SP-7043(22)
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  • 12
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    Power factor controller (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The power factor controller, and energy-saving device for electric motors, is presented. The commercialization of the device is discussed and its applications are described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-80755 , P79-10188 , Feb 28, 1979; Washington, DC; United States
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  • 13
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    The Si ribbon crystal for the solar battery using the horizontal pull method (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A method utilizing a device to spray noble gases to cool the site of silicon crystal growth is described. The salient points are: (1) soft and uniform cooling was possible, (2) the length of the boundary surface of growth along the growth direction was made long over a wide width compared to the thickness, and (3) this made it possible to effectively remove the heat produced from solification. By using forced gas spraying on the solution surface in contact with the points of crystal growth, growth at the points of growth is enhanced and the rate of growth is speeded up.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-75503 , Natl. Conv. of Elec. Studies; Jan 01, 1979
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  • 14
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    On the acceleration of the auroral plasma of the Earth due to conic instability (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The role of electrostatic conic instability in the diffusion of spilled particles and the acceleration of the auroral plasma of the Earth are numerically investigated by means of quasi-linear equations. Linear increments to the conic instability under magnetospheric conditions are introduced. The quasi-linear equation is averaged along tubes of force taking into account the drift across the magnetic field lines. It is shown that the existence of a conic instability leads to small spills and isotropic distribution of particles, but is also accompanied by significant acceleration of electrons.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-75638 , PR-430
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  • 15
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    Multicomponent diffusion and energy characteristics of partially ionized plasma in the ionosphere of a planet (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The problem of energy and multicomponent ambipolar diffusion of plasma in the lower ionosphere of a planet with a weak magnetic field is considered.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-75409 , PREPRINT-123
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  • 16
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    The magnetic anomaly of the Ivreazone (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A magnetic field survey was made in the Ivreazone in 1969/70. The results were: significant anomaly of the vertical intensity is found. It follows the basic main part of the Ivrea-Verbano zone and continues to the south. The width of the anomaly is about 10 km, the maximum measures about +800 gamma. The model interpretation shows that possibly the anomaly belongs to an amphibolitic body, which in connection with the Ivrea-body was found by deep seismic sounding. Therefore, the magnetic anomaly provides further evidence for the conception that the Ivrea-body has to be regarded as a chip of earthmantle material pushed upward by tectonic processes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-75425
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  • 17
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    Joint document concerning geological studies from 1971 - 1975 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: In 1971, a joint Soviet-Americam Working Group on Remote Sensing of the Natural Environment was established. It was organized into a number of discipline panels, one of which was on geology. Membership on this panel came from the Geological Survey of the United States and from the Institute of Geology of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences and Ministry Geology of the U.S.S.R.. During the period 1971-1975, this panel conducted coordinated research in the use of space remote sensing data in the field of geology. A summary of that coordinated research effort is presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-78318
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  • 18
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    Energy: A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 12 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 584 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system from October 1, 1976 through December 31, 1976.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-SP-7043(12)
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  • 19
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    Space solar power. Description of concept, results of preliminary studies, requirements for evaluation (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The nation is actively pursuing alternate sources of energy because of the problems or concerns related to obtaining required energy for the future from oil, gas, nuclear, and coal sources. Solar energy is an obvious candidate for consideration. Its use in the past has been limited by the relative cost of collecting and converting solar energy into electrical power. The increasing costs of other energy sources will make solar energy more attractive. During recent years a new concept for the collection of solar energy has been developed. This concept involves the location of solar power stations in space. The concept, results of preliminary studies, and requirements for space evaluation of such a project are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-79436
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  • 20
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    Fuel cell sesquicentennial (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The development of fuel cell technology is summarized, and the potential for utility-type fuel cell installations is assessed on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the construction of the first fuel cell by Sir William Grove. The only functional fuel-cell systems developed to date, the hydrogen-oxygen cells used by NASA, are indicated, and hydrazine and alcohol (methanol) cells are considered. Areas requiring development before the implementation of fuel cells as general purpose utility-type electric generators include catalysts for naturally occurring hydrocarbons or processes for low-cost methanol or hydrazine production, efficient means of scrubbing and enriching air, self-regulating systems, and 15- to 20-fold power density increases. It is argued that although ideas for eliminating certain of the above-mentioned problems have been proposed, fuel-cell systems can never be expected to equal the efficiency, reliability and low cost of conventional power plants, and thus developmental support should be discontinued.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Energy; 4; Fall 197
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  • 21
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    Control strategy for a variable-speed wind energy conversion system (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A control concept for a variable-speed wind energy conversion system is proposed, for which a self-exited asynchronous cage generator is used along with a system of thyristor converters. The control loops are the following: (1) regulation of the entrainment speed as function of available mechanical energy by acting on the resistance couple of the asynchronous generator; (2) control of electric power delivered to the asynchronous machine, functioning as a motor, for start-up of the vertical axis wind converter; and (3) limitation of the slip value, and by consequence, of the induction currents in the presence of sudden variations of input parameters.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-75512 , Can. Commun. and Power Conf.; Oct 18, 1978 - Oct 20, 1978; Montreal; Canada
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  • 22
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    The reaction of the atmosphere to solar disturbances (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The effect of solar flares on the thermosphere and the troposphere is investigated. It is found that during periods of geoeffect solar disturbances, there is a connection between phenomena in the upper and lower atmospheres and that variations in atmospheric parameters correlate with changes in the geomagnetic index.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-75500 , All-Union Conf. on Sun Atmosphere Relations in Climate Theory and Weather Forecasts; Oct 30, 1972 - Nov 01, 1972; Moscow
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  • 23
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    Recent results of radio interferometric determinations of a transcontinental baseline, polar motion, and earth rotation (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Results are discussed for radio interferometric observations of extragalactic radio sources with antennas at Haystack Observatory in Massachusetts and the Owens Valley Radio Observatory in California (3900-km baseline) during 14 separate experiments distributed between September 1976 and May 1978. Simultaneous analysis of the data from several experiments yields estimates of changes in the x component of pole position and in earth's rotation (UT1). Comparison with the corresponding results obtained by the Bureau International de l'Heure (BIH) reveals systematic differences. In particular, the trends in the radio interferometric determinations of the changes in pole position are found to agree more closely with those from the International Polar Motion Service and from Doppler observations of satellites than with those from the BIH.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Time and the earth''s rotation; Eighty-second Symposium; May 08, 1978 - May 12, 1978; San Fernando; Spain
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  • 24
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    Global distribution of ozone for various seasons (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A technique which was used to obtain a catalog of the seasonal global distribution of ozone is presented. The technique is based on the simultaneous use of 1964-1975 data on the total ozone content from a worldwide network of ozonometric stations and on the vertical ozone profile from ozone sounding stations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-75435
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  • 25
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    Energy: A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 20 (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A bibliography is presented which lists 1250 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System from October 1, 1978 through December 31, 1978.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-SP-7043(20)
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  • 26
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    Research on medium and high temperature solar heat storage materials (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Characteristics of solar heat storage materials, preliminary tests in which melting and solidification characteristics are tested, and service life and cycling tests are reported. Various aspects of corrosion are discussed as well as decision about ultimate selection of materials. A program for storage and evaluation of data is included.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-75397 , IKE-52F-258-78
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  • 27
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    Altitudes of the lower edge of the artificial auroral rays on the basis of the observations in the Zarnitsa-2 experiments (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Some results of optical television measurements in the Zarnitsa-2 experiment are presented. The altitudes of the lower edge of artificial auroral rays were determined by the triangulation method and are compared with theoretical calculations of these altitudes based on the Jacchia and CIRA models of the atmosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-75631
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  • 28
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    Anomaly of the composition of the F-2 equatorial region of the ionosphere during the hours after sunset according to data from the mass-spectrometer experiment on the Cosmos-274 (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A mass spectrometer on board Cosmos-274 measured concentrations of light atoms and ions. While traversing the geomagnetic equator during the evening hours it recorded on anomalous drop in ionized molecular oxygen and ionized atomic oxygen and nitrogen. A similar, less dramatic, decline was observed in the concentration of neutral atomic oxygen. A possible explanation for this and previously observed behavior is an ascent in altitude of the F layer in the hours after sunset, a possibility which is supported by calculations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-75615 , PR-331
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  • 29
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    NASA's OAST program: An overview (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The program was split into four areas which include: high energy density, long life batteries; low cost high capacity battery application; very high energy density batteries; and electrochemical research and technology program. Outlines are presented which show the approaches used and the accomplishments of each program area.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1977 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 111-118
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  • 30
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    Internal gravity waves in the upper atmosphere, generated by tropospheric jet streams (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A mechanism of internal gravity wave generation by jet streams in the troposphere is considered. Evaluations of the energy and pulse of internal gravity waves emitted into the upper atmosphere are given. The obtained values of flows can influence the thermal and dynamic regime of these layers.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-75407
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  • 31
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    Inversion Methods in Atmospheric Remote Sounding (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The mathematical theory of inversion methods is applied to the remote sounding of atmospheric temperature, humidity, and aerosol constituents.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CP-004 , Dec 15, 1976 - Dec 17, 1976; Hampton, VA; United States
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  • 32
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    Formation of stored heat by means of bled steam during times of load reduction and its use in peak load times (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Technical possibilities and economic advantages of integrating hot water storage systems into power plants fired with fossil fuels are discussed. The systems can be charged during times of load reduction and then used for back-up during peak load periods. Investment costs are higher for such systems than for gas turbine power plants fired with natural gas or light oil installed to meet peak load demand. However, by improving specific heat consumption by about 1,000 kcal/k ohm, which thus reduces the related costs, investment costs will be compensated for, so that power production costs will not increase.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-75147
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  • 33
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    Explorer 45 wave observations during the large magnetic storm of August 4-5, 1972 (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The magnetospheric compression associated with the very large magnetic storm of August 4-5, 1972, provided an opportunity for Explorer 45 to observe plasma waves in the magnetosphere and the magnetosheath during extremely disturbed conditions. Electrostatic noise bursts were observed near the plasmapause in electric-field channels from 35 Hz to 5.62 kHz. In the outer magnetosphere, electric-field noise bands apparently harmonically related to the electron gyrofrequency with components as low as 3 kHz and as high as 50 kHz were observed. The electric field of the fundamental was perpendicular to the magnetic-field vector. A mechanism including the electron cyclotron instability may generate the noise band. Hiss of 100-1000 Hz was observed in the outer magnetosphere. The electromagnetic hiss was generally weak and was observed in the magnetic wide-band data only when it was strong. In the magnetosheath broad band, incoherent noise (hiss) was observed from 1 Hz to 100 kHz. This magnetosheath hiss was the strongest phenomenon observed by the plasma-wave detectors during the lifetime of Explorer 45. The highest intensities of magnetosheath hiss occurred at the magnetopause. Its broad-band nature suggests that magnetosheath hiss was generated locally. Broad-band noise bursts and short bursts of chorus were also observed in the magnetosheath.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Jan. 1
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  • 34
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    Boeing selected to build world's largest windmill (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-NEWS-RELEASE-77-141 , P77-10139
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  • 35
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    Energy: A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 15 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 1112 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system from July 1, 1977 through September 30, 1977.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-SP-7043(15)
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  • 36
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    National Geodetic Satellite Program, Part 1 (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The work performed by individual contributors to the National Geodetic Satellite Program is presented. The purpose of the organization, the instruments used in obtaining the data, a description of the data itself, the theory used in processing the data, and evaluation of the results are detailed for the participating organizations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-SP-365-PT-1
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  • 37
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    NASA, Soviet joint sounding rocket tests (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-NEWS-RELEASE-77-151 , P77-10150
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    The NASA Energy Conservation Program (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Large energy-intensive research and test equipment at NASA installations is identified, and methods for reducing energy consumption outlined. However, some of the research facilities are involved in developing more efficient, fuel-conserving aircraft, and tradeoffs between immediate and long-term conservation may be necessary. Major programs for conservation include: computer-based systems to automatically monitor and control utility consumption; a steam-producing solid waste incinerator; and a computer-based cost analysis technique to engineer more efficient heating and cooling of buildings. Alternate energy sources in operation or under evaluation include: solar collectors; electric vehicles; and ultrasonically emulsified fuel to attain higher combustion efficiency. Management support, cooperative participation by employees, and effective reporting systems for conservation programs, are also discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: AIAA PAPER 77-1005 , Conference on New Options in Energy Technology; Aug 02, 1977 - Aug 04, 1977; San Francisco, CA; US
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  • 39
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    On the possibility of analytical approximation of line forms during random disorders of the resonance frequencies in molecular vibration-rotation spectra for satellite sounding (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The generalization spectral line contour concept and formulas for a two component mixture, as well as consequences of the general formula are discussed. The calculation procedure, initial information, calculation results and comparison of calculations with available experimental data, for radiation absorption in three CO2 bands are presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-75655
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  • 40
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    Study of the 10 micron continuum of water vapor (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: Radiation attenuation by atmospheric water vapor is considered. A formula based on laboratory data is recommended for approximating continuous absorption in the spectra region in question. Data of full scale measurements and laboratory experiments are compared. It was concluded that only molecular absorption need be taken into account under clear atmospheric conditions during the warm part of the year, while in winter or in cloudy conditions, the effect of aerosol can be significant.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-75650
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    Results of the measurement of the vertical profile of ozone up to a height of 70 km by means of the MR-12 and M-100 sounding rockets (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The photometers used and methods of calculation of the vertical ozone concentration profile are described. The results obtained in several series of MR-12 and M-100 sounding rocket launchings are presented and discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-75380
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  • 42
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    SAGE to examine Earth's stratosphere (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The SAGE mission is discussed along with the role of the Nimbus 7 experiment. Other topics discussed include: ground truth measurements, data collection and processing, SAGE instrumentation, and launch sequence.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-NEWS-RELEASE-79-6 , P79-10006
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    Test power generator for space passes 30,000-hour mark at Lewis (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-NEWS-RELEASE-77-178 , P77-10176
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  • 44
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    Results of measurement of the night corpuscular flux on the MR-12 rockets in the JASPIC project (Soviet part of the program) (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: In June 1978, a joint Soviet-American project (JASPIC) was conducted, the goals of which were: (1) the study of the flows of spilling electrons which act upon the middle-latitude ionosphere under nocturnal conditions (nocturnal corpuscular source of ionization); and (2) the mutual comparison of procedures for recording corpuscular radiations in the upper atmosphere, using meteorological and geophysical rockets.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-75691
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  • 45
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    Problems with the interpretation of paleomagnetic measurements due to studies of basalts from the Paleovolcano Vogelsberg in Hessen (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The palaeomagnetic parameters of more than 5,000 samples of cores taken from 33 drilling holes through innumerable basalt units of the Vogelsberg Paleovolcano in Hessen were measured. Measurements of specimens of thin and thick layers without any gap proved that inclination, natural remanence, susceptibility and Konigsberger factor were dependent on their distance from the surface of units, layers, lamelles, etc. Therefore, representative data for the evaluation of palaeomagnetic measurements can be expected only in the interior part of lava flows and intrusions. The statistic method which enclosed all values of measurements gave significant data which was not appropriate for the interpretation of palaeomagnetic and geological events.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-75355
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  • 46
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    International rocket project to compare ozone sensors (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-NEWS-RELEASE-79-130 , P79-10128
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  • 47
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    Energy: A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 14 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: This bibliography lists 1000 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system from April 1, 1977 to June 30, 1977.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-SP-7043(14)
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  • 48
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    The NASA Space Power Technology Program (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: This paper discusses the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Space Power Technology Program which is aimed at providing the needed technology for NASA's future missions. The technology program is subdivided into five areas: (1) photovoltaic energy conversion; (2) chemical energy conversion and storage; (3) thermal to electric conversion; (4) power system management and distribution, and (5) advanced energetics. Recent accomplishments, current status, and future directions are presented for each area.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 05, 1979 - Aug 10, 1979; Boston, MA
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  • 49
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    Solar technology in the Federal Republic of Germany (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: A series of papers dealing with the status of solar research and development in the Federal Republic of Germany are presented at a conference in Greece with the object of promoting international cooperation in solar energy utilization. The reports focus on solar collector designs, solar systems, heat pumps, solar homes, solar cooling and refrigeration, desalination and electric power generation. Numerous examples of systems produced by German manufacturers are illustrated and described, and performance data are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-75634
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    Global Aspects of the Earth's Magnetopause (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: Measurable characteristics of the magnetopause are discussed. The Earth's magnetopause is a thin magnetic discontinuity separating the shocked, magnetized plasma of the solar wind from a more tenuous plasma contained by the geomagnetic field. This external magnetosheath plasma flows around the magnetosphere with characteristics that are in approximate agreement with gas dynamic theory. The interplanetary magnetic field carried by this plasma becomes draped over the magnetosphere and its orientation relative to the local geomagnetic field determines the local magnetopause current. Solar wind pressure and interplanetary field direction control the geocentric distance to the magnetopause with high pressures and southware fields moving the equatorial magnetopause to a more earthward location. Evidence suggests that the magnetopause is Kelvin-Helmholtz unstable and surface waves are propagating toward the magnetotail.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ESA Magnetospheric Boundary Layers; p 5-13
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  • 51
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    Pump/Control System Minimum Operating Cost Testing (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: A preliminary evaluation of pump performance was initiated to determine the efficiencies of an arbitrary group of small pumps. Trends in factors affecting energy usage in typical prime movers which might be used in liquid transport solar systems were assessed. Comparisons of centrifugal pump efficiencies were made from one manufacturer to another. Tests were also made on two positive-displacement pumps and comparisons with centrifugal pumps were observed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-150604 , MFS-23934
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  • 52
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    The coordinated federal program for the application of space technology to crustal dynamics and earthquake research (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: The application of space technology to important problems relating to crustal dynamics and earthquake research is described. Federal plans for such applications are summarized.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-82215
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  • 53
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    Magsat: A satellite for measuring near earth magnetic fields (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Magsat, designed for making measurements of the geomagnetic vector field, is evaluated. For accurate vector measurements the attitude of the fluxgate magnetometer will be determined to about 15 arc-seconds. Expected measurement accuracy will be 6 (gamma) in each component and 3 in magnitude. The Magsat data will be applied to solid earth studies including modeling of the Earth's main magnetic field, delineation of regional magnetic anomalies of crustal origin, and interpretation of those anomalies in terms of geologic and geophysical models. An opportunity will be presented to the scientific community to participate in data use investigations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71370 , X-922-97-199 , Gen. Sci. Assembly of the Intern. Assoc. of Geomag. and Aeronomy; Aug 22, 1977 - Sep 03, 1977; Seattle
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    NASA laser systems to study earth's crustal movements (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-NEWS-RELEASE-79-117 , P79-10116
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  • 55
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    Investigation of a generator system for generating electrical power, to supply directly to the public network, using a windmill (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: A windpowered generator system is described which uses a windmill to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy for a three phase (network) voltage of constant amplitude and frequency. The generator system controls the windmill by the number of revolutions so that the power drawn from the wind for a given wind velocity is maximum. A generator revolution which is proportional to wind velocity is achieved. The stator of the generator is linked directly to the network and a feed converter at the rotor takes care of constant voltage and frequency at the stator.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-75497
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  • 56
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    Balloon-borne atmospheric spectral measurements (1979)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Infrared solar spectra, with .02 per cm resolution, were collected during sunset from a balloon at 40 km on October 27, 1978. Portions of the data obtained during the flight have been compared with theoretical calculations made using the data on the AFGL tape. The results of these comparisons reveal a number of areas of disagreement between theory and experimental results. The areas of disagreement are discussed in detail.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Atmospheric effects on radiative transfer; August 29, 30, 1979; San Diego, CA
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    Multichannel temperature controller for hot air solar house (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: This paper describes an electronic controller that is optimized to operate a hot air solar system. Thermal information is obtained from copper constantan thermocouples and a wall-type thermostat. The signals from the thermocouples are processed through a single amplifier using a multiplexing scheme. The multiplexing reduces the component count and automatically calibrates the thermocouple amplifier. The processed signals connect to some simple logic that selects one of the four operating modes. This simple, inexpensive, and reliable scheme is well suited to control hot air solar systems.
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    Comparison of computer codes for calculating dynamic loads in wind turbines (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Seven computer codes for analyzing performance and loads in large, horizontal-axis wind turbines were used to calculate blade bending moment loads for two operational conditions of the 100 kW Mod-O wind turbine. Results are compared with test data on the basis of cyclic loads, peak loads, and harmonic contents. Four of the seven codes include rotor-tower interaction and three are limited to rotor analysis. With a few exceptions, all calculated loads were within 25% of nominal test data.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Biennial Conference and Workshop on Wind Energy Conversion Systems; Sept. 19-21, 1977; Washington, DC
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    The impact of H2S emissions on future geothermal power generation - The Geysers region, California (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The future potential for geothermal power generation in the Geysers region of California is as much as 10 times the current 502 MW(e) capacity. However, environmental factors such as H2S emissions and institutional considerations may play the primary role in determining the rate and ultimate level of development. In this paper a scenario of future geothermal generation capacity and H2S emissions in the Geysers region is presented. Problem areas associated with H2S emissions, H2S abatement processes, plant operations, and government agency resources are described. The impact of H2S emissions on future development and the views of effected organizations are discussed. Potential actions needed to remove these constraints are summarized.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: IEEE PAPER A 77 816-2 , Joint Power Generation Conference; Sept. 18-21, 1977; Los Angeles, CA; US
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    Gravity research at Cottrell observatory (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The Cottrell gravity research observatory and work in progress are described. Equipment in place and equipment to be installed, the cryogenic gravity meter (CGM), concrete pads to support the vertical seismometer, CGM, and guest experiments, techniques of data analysis, and improvements needed in the CGM are discussed. Harmonic earth eigenvibrations with multipole moments are examined and their compatibility with a fictitious black hole binary system (of which the primary central mass is assigned a value one million solar masses) located 400 light-years away is shown by calculations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: IAF PAPER A-77-22
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    Evaluation of atmospheric trace constituent sensors operating from remote space and airborne platforms (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: A laboratory gas analysis system was developed specifically to make trace level measurements of carbon monoxide. To assure that the data collected with this system are correctly aligned with other established methods for making these measurements, an intercalibration study was conducted. The calibration gas was analyzed by the various participating laboratories and found to contain 1.28 ppm CO. Samples were collected at 25 deg, 35 deg, and 45 deg N for profile data to study the variation in concentrations of CO and CH4 as a function of altitude and latitude in continental air over the eastern seaboard of the United States. The experiment was repeated several months later to determine if there were seasonally dependent variations in the CO and CH4 concentrations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-162365 , GSTR-79-8
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    Investigation of Proposed Process Sequence for the Array Automated Assembly Task, Phase 2 (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: The technological readiness of the proposed process sequence was reviewed. Process steps evaluated include: (1) plasma etching to establish a standard surface; (2) forming junctions by diffusion from an N-type polymeric spray-on source; (3) forming a p+ back contact by firing a screen printed aluminum paste; (4) forming screen printed front contacts after cleaning the back aluminum and removing the diffusion oxide; (5) cleaning the junction by a laser scribe operation; (6) forming an antireflection coating by baking a polymeric spray-on film; (7) ultrasonically tin padding the cells; and (8) assembling cell strings into solar circuits using ethylene vinyl acetate as an encapsulant and laminating medium.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162364 , DOE/JPL-954853-79/3
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    Quantitative Analysis of Defects in Silicon (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: The evaluation and prediction of the conversion efficiency for a variety of silicon samples with differences in structural defects, such as grain boundaries, twin boundaries, precipitate particles, dislocations, etc. are discussed. Quantitative characterization of these structural defects, which were revealed by etching the surface of silicon samples, is performed by using an image analyzer. Due to different crystal growth and fabrication techniques the various types of silicon contain a variety of trace impurity elements and structural defects. The two most important criteria in evaluating the various silicon types for solar cell applications are cost and conversion efficiency.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162173 , MRI-273 , QPR-5 , DOE/JPL-954977-79/6
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    Thermal power systems small power systems applications project. Volume 2: Detailed report (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: Small power system technology as applied to power plants up to 10 MW in size was considered. Markets for small power systems were characterized and cost goals were established for the project. Candidate power plant system design concepts were selected for evaluation and preliminary performance and cost assessments were made. Breakeven capital costs were determined for leading contenders among the candidate systems. The potential use of small power systems in providing part of the demand for pumping power by the extensive aqueduct system of California, was studied. Criteria and methodologies were developed for the ranking of candidate power plant system design concepts. Experimental power plant concepts of 1 MW rating were studied to define a power plant configuration for subsequent detail design construction, testing and evaluation. Site selection criteria and ground rules were developed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162104 , JPL-PUB-79-43-VOL-2 , DOE/JPL-1060-9
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    Novel duplex vapor-electrochemical method for silicon solar cells (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: The dependence of the SiF4 Na reaction initiation time and of the efficiency of the reaction on Na particle size and reaction temperature were studied. Close to 100 percent utilization of Na was obtained, and formation of byproduct fluoro-silicate was decreased to below 10 percent. A SiF4 Na reactor was built to scale up the reaction by a factor of about four and is now being tested. A scaled up melting system was built and successfully used to separate Si from kilogram quantities of SiF4 NaF mixtures. Support studies of the volatilization of NaF performed in a smaller melting system indicated minimal loss of NaF as vapor at 1410 C. The wetting of graphite was also investigated to determine the constituents of the NaF phase which promote good wetting.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162113 , ERDA/JPL-954471-79/10 , QPR-13
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    Thermal power systems, point-focusing distributed receiver technology project. Volume 2: Detailed report (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: Thermal or electrical power from the sun's radiated energy through Point-Focusing Distributed Receiver technology is the goal of this Project. The energy thus produced must be economically competitive with other sources. The Project supports the industrial development of technology and hardware for extracting energy from solar power to achieve the stated goal. Present studies are working to concentrate the solar energy through mirrors or lenses, to a working fluid or gas, and through a power converter change to an energy source useful to man. Rankine-cycle and Brayton-cycle engines are currently being developed as the most promising energy converters for our near future needs.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-158534 , DOE/JPL-1060-7 , JPL-PUB-79-1
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    Development and fabrication of a concentrating solar collector subsystem (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: The finalization of designs, fabrication of the new lens, receiver, and tracking box and a review of the contract status are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-150713 , QR-3 , QR-4
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    Integrated energy management study. Energy efficient transport program (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Integrated Energy Management (IEM) Study investigated the practicality and feasibility of a closed-loop energy management system for transport aircraft. The study involved: (1) instrumentation and collection of in-flight data for a United Airlines 727-200 flying 80 revenue flights throughout the United Airlines network,(2) analysis of the in-flight data to select representative city pairs and establish operational procedures employed in flying a reference flight profile, (3) simulation of the reference profile in a fast-time model to verify the model and establish performance values against which to measure IEM benefits, (4) development of IEM algorithms, and (5) assessment of the IEM concept.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-158980 , NAS 1.26:158980 , D6-46700
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    Gravity anomaly and geoid undulation results in local areas from GEOS-3 altimeter data (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The adjusted GEOS-3 altimeter data, taken as averages within a data frame, have been used to construct free air anomaly and geoid undulation profiles and maps in areas of geophysical interest. Profiles were constructed across the Philippine Trench (at a latitude of 6 deg) and across the Bonin Trench (at a latitude of 28 deg). In the latter case an anomaly variation of 443 mgals in 143 km was derived from the altimeter data. These variations agreed reasonably with terrestrial estimates, considering the predicted point accuracy was about + or - 27 mgals. An area over the Patton Sea mounts was also investigated with the altimeter anomaly field agreeing well with the terrestrial data except for the point directly over the top of the sea mount. It is concluded that the GEOS-3 altimeter data is valuable not only for determining 5 deg and 1 deg x 1 deg mean anomalies, but also can be used to describe more local anomaly variations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: The use of artificial satellites for geodesy and geodynamics. Volume 2; May 29, 1978 - Jun 02, 1978; Athens; Greece
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    Light-dependent hydrogen production by C. reinhardi (1979)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The activity of hydrogenase in nonsynchronous, photoheterotrophically grown cells of C. reinhardi is a function of culture age. Rapidly growing cultures (exponential phase) exhibit lower hydrogenase activity than early stationary phase cultures. During prolonged dark anaerobic incubation the hydrogenase activity attains a maximal value in two to five hours. The activity declines rapidly after three to four hours of anaerobic incubation unless the pH of the suspending medium is maintained above 6.0. In C. reinhardi the source of electrons for hydrogen photoproduction appears to be derived mainly from water oxidation. However, when the water-splitting complex of photosystem II is impaired by a mutational block, the organism can utilize intracellular organic reductants as substrate for H2 production in a light-dependent reaction involving both PSII and PSI. When photosynthetic electron transport is uncoupled from phosphorylation, a rate of 174 micromoles of hydrogen evolved per mg cells per hour is observed. This rate of hydrogen photoproduction corresponds to 76% of the reductant generating capacity of PSII under steady-state photosynthesis.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Sun II; May 28, 1979 - Jun 01, 1979; Atlanta, GA
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    Coupled generator and combustor performance calculations for potential early commercial MHD power plants (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A parametric study of the performance of the MHD generator and combustor components of potential early commercial open-cycle MHD/steam power plants is presented. Consideration is given to the effects of air heater system concept, MHD combustor type, coal type, thermal input power, oxygen enrichment of the combustion, subsonic and supersonic generator flow and magnetic field strength on coupled generator and combustor performance. The best performance is found to be attained with a 3000 F, indirectly fired air heater, no oxygen enrichment, Illinois no. 6 coal, a two-stage cyclone combustor with 85% slag rejection, a subsonic generator, and a magnetic field configuration yielding a constant transverse electric field of 4 kV/m. Results indicate that optimum net MHD generator power is generally compressor-power-limited rather than electric-stress-limited, with optimum net power a relatively weak function of operating pressure.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Symposium on the Engineering Aspects of Magnetohydrodynamics; Jun 18, 1979 - Jun 20, 1979; Butte, MT
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    Storage, transmission and distribution of hydrogen (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Current practices and future requirements for the storage, transmission and distribution of hydrogen are reviewed in order to identify inadequacies to be corrected before hydrogen can achieve its full potential as a substitute for fossil fuels. Consideration is given to the storage of hydrogen in underground solution-mined salt caverns, portable high-pressure containers and dewars, pressure vessels and aquifers and as metal hydrides, hydrogen transmission in evacuated double-walled insulated containers and by pipeline, and distribution by truck and internal distribution networks. Areas for the improvement of these techniques are indicated, and these technological deficiencies, including materials development, low-cost storage and transmission methods, low-cost, long-life metal hydrides and novel methods for hydrogen storage, are presented as challenges for research and development.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Hydrogen energy system; Aug 21, 1978 - Aug 24, 1978; Zurich; Switzerland
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  • 73
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    Laboratory simulation of ionospheric double-layers (1979)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A mechanism for double-layer formation in partially- or fully-ionized plasmas is described, founded on beam-plasma interaction: RF growth along the beam excites a rectified, ponderomotive electric field, which in turn causes charge separation. Laboratory studies of the mechanism are described.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Wave instabilities in space plasmas; Jul 31, 1978 - Aug 08, 1978; Helsinki; Finland
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  • 74
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    Siple station experiments on wave-particle interactions in the magnetosphere (1979)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Natural and controlled whistler-mode signals have been used to study nonlinear mechanisms of wave growth and wave-wave interactions (WWI) in the magnetosphere; three general classes of WWI (triggering, suppression, and entrainment) are identified and interpreted in terms of a model based on cyclotron resonance interaction. This model is also used to estimate the wave field intensity associated with different types of WWI. A new type of triggered emission, the band-limited impulse (BLI) is interpreted in terms of the switching of phase-bunched currents. In addition, an experiment to find a threshold for the excitation of the coherent wave instability is discussed, and observed VLF wave-induced transient bursts of X-rays, light and E-region ionization enhancements are considered with regard to a step function wave interacting with all resonant electrons in a given energy range.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Wave instabilities in space plasmas; Jul 31, 1978 - Aug 08, 1978; Helsinki; Finland
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  • 75
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    Magnetospheric multiharmonic instabilities (1979)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper discusses linear convective growth rates of instabilities of electrostatic multiple electron cyclotron harmonic waves in a plasma consisting of a hot electron component with a loss-cone type of free energy source and a cold electron component of presumably ionospheric origin. When the ratio of cold to hot electron temperature is small, the cold upper hybrid frequency controls the harmonic bands that can be nonconvectively stable. When this ratio increases above a few times 0.01, nonconvective instability disappears simultaneously for each harmonic band, when the density ratio is less than unity. A consistent interpretation of the spatial localization and harmonic frequency bandwidths of the observed waves can be made assuming linear convective saturation, provided that the cold electrons have temperatures considerably in excess of those in the ionosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Wave instabilities in space plasmas; Jul 31, 1978 - Aug 08, 1978; Helsinki; Finland
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  • 76
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    Chorus, energetic electrons and magnetospheric substorms (1979)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper investigates possible chorus generation mechanisms by means of simultaneous OGO-5 measurements of chorus, energetic (79 + or - 23 keV) electron fluxes and pitch angle distributions, and ambient magnetic fields. Further, the solar wind data during high-latitude dayside chorus events are examined. It is reported that the highly eccentric orbit had an apogee of 24 earth radii and an inclination of 30 deg to the geographic equator.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Wave instabilities in space plasmas; Jul 31, 1978 - Aug 08, 1978; Helsinki; Finland
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  • 77
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    Does ELF chorus show evidence of power line stimulation (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A study to determine the effect of power line radiation on the stimulation of the ELF chorus detected on OGO-5 is presented. Chorus shows a maxima over the Eastern USSR, Greenland, and Central Siberia and minima over central and Eastern Canada, a distribution different than the OGO-3. This discrepancy is explained as due to data oversampling in the previous study; the OGO-5 data were reanalyzed with the oversampling removed, showing that none of the longitudinal maxima or minima are statistically significant. It is concluded that there is no significant correlation between longitude and chorus occurrence which implies that there is little or no evidence of power line harmonic radiation effects on chorus triggering.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Wave instabilities in space plasmas; Jul 31, 1978 - Aug 08, 1978; Helsinki; Finland
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  • 78
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    Effects of power line radiation into the magnetosphere (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Observations of the effects of VLF power line radiation on whistler-mode waves in the magnetosphere are reviewed. High-altitude OGO-3 spectral data reveal evidence of enhanced chorus activity over populated regions starting at harmonics of the power-line frequencies. Low-altitude Ariel 3 measurements of 3.2 kHz noise intensity also indicate an enhancement of VLF activity over populated areas and their conjugates, however the relative importance of power line radiation, whistlers and spontaneous emissions is not known. The low-altitude polar-orbiting OGO-4 satellite also observed noise spectra at the harmonics of power line frequencies over industrial regions. Ground observations from Eights and Siple, Antarctica indicate that power line radiation effects on magnetospheric ducted paths peak at 3 kHz and near dawn, and exhibit a pronounced decrease on Sundays in the conjugate region, when power consumption is at a minimum. Experiments simulating power line radiation effects have also been performed. It is suggested that power line radiation effects magnetospheric activity by lowering the threshold for wave growth, with the localization of VLF sources acting to localize corresponding particle precipitation without necessarily affecting global average precipitation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Wave instabilities in space plasmas; Jul 31, 1978 - Aug 08, 1978; Helsinki; Finland
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  • 79
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    The effects of regional insolation differences upon advanced solar thermal electric power plant performance and energy costs (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper presents the performance and cost of four 10-MWe advanced solar thermal electric power plants sited in various regions of the continental United States. Each region has different insolation characteristics which result in varying collector field areas, plant performance, capital costs, and energy costs. The paraboloidal dish, central receiver, cylindrical parabolic trough, and compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) comprise the advanced concepts studied. This paper contains a discussion of the regional insolation data base, a description of the solar systems' performances and costs, and a presentation of a range for the forecast cost of conventional electricity by region and nationally over the next several decades.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ASME PAPER 79-WA/SOL-15 , Winter Annual Meeting; Dec 02, 1979 - Dec 07, 1979; New York, NY
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  • 80
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    A solar thermal electric power plant for small communities (1979)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A solar power plant has been designed with a rating of 1000-kW electric and a 0.4 annual capacity factor. It was configured as a prototype for plants in the 1000 to 10,000-kWe size range for application to small communities or industrial users either grid-connected or isolated from a utility grid. A small central receiver was selected for solar energy collection after being compared with alternative distributed collectors. Further trade studies resulted in the selection of Hitec (heat transfer salt composed of 53 percent KNO3, 40 percent NaNO2, 7 percent NaNO3) as both the receiver coolant and the sensible heat thermal stroage medium and the steam Rankine cycle for power conversion. The plant is configured with road-transportable units to accommodate remote sites and minimize site assembly requirements. Results of the analyses indicate that busbar energy costs are competitive with diesel-electric plants in certain situations, e.g., off-grid, remote regions with high insolation. Sensitivity of energy costs to plant power rating and system capacity factor are given.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ASME PAPER 79-WA/SOL-7 , Winter Annual Meeting; Dec 02, 1979 - Dec 07, 1979; New York, NY
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  • 81
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    Small solar thermal electric power plants with early commercial potential (1979)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Cost-effective small solar thermal electric power plants (1- to 10-MW nominal size) offer an attractive way of helping the world meet its future energy needs. The paper describes the characteristics of a conceptual near-term plant (about 1 MW) and a potential 1990 commercial version. The basic system concept is one in which steam is generated using two-axis tracking, parabolic dish, and point-focusing collectors. The steam is transported through low-loss piping to a central steam turbine generator unit where it is converted to electricity. The plants have no energy storage and their output power level varies with the solar insolation level. This system concept, which is firmly based on state-of-the-art technology, is projected to offer one of the fastest paths for U.S. commercialization of solar thermal electric power plants through moderate technology advances and mass production.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ASME PAPER 79-WA/SOL-9 , Winter Annual Meeting; Dec 02, 1979 - Dec 07, 1979; New York, NY
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  • 82
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    Comparative study of solar optics for paraboloidal concentrators (1979)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Different analytical methods for computing the flux distribution on the focal plane of a paraboloidal solar concentrator are reviewed. An analytical solution in algebraic form is also derived for an idealized model. The effects resulting from using different assumptions in the definition of optical parameters used in these methodologies are compared and discussed in detail. These parameters include solar irradiance distribution (limb darkening and circumsolar), reflector surface specular spreading, surface slope error, and concentrator pointing inaccuracy. The type of computational method selected for use depends on the maturity of the design and the data available at the time the analysis is made.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ASME PAPER 79-WA/SOL-8 , Winter Annual Meeting; Dec 02, 1979 - Dec 07, 1979; New York, NY
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  • 83
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    Optimization of a point-focusing, distributed receiver solar thermal electric system (1979)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper presents an approach to optimization of a solar concept which employs solar-to-electric power conversion at the focus of parabolic dish concentrators. The optimization procedure is presented through a series of trade studies, which include the results of optical/thermal analyses and individual subsystem trades. Alternate closed-cycle and open-cycle Brayton engines and organic Rankine engines are considered to show the influence of the optimization process, and various storage techniques are evaluated, including batteries, flywheels, and hybrid-engine operation.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ASME PAPER 79-WA/SOL-11 , Winter Annual Meeting; Dec 02, 1979 - Dec 07, 1979; New York, NY
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  • 84
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    Study and evaluation of impulse mass spectrometers for ion analysis in the D and E regions of the ionosphere (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Theoretical and numerical analyses were made of planar, cylindrical and spherical electrode time-of-flight mass spectrometers in order to optimize their operating conditions. A numerical analysis of potential barrier gating in time-of-flight spectrometers was also made. The results were used in the design of several small mass spectrometers. These were constructed and tested in a laboratory space simulator. Detailed experimental studies of a miniature cylindrical electrode time of flight mass spectrometer and of a miniature hemispherical electrode time of flight mass spectrometer were made. The extremely high sensitivity of these instruments and their ability to operate at D region pressures with an open source make them ideal instruments for D region ion composition measurements.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-163490
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  • 85
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    DOE/JPL advanced thermionic technology program (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Progress made in different tasks of the advanced thermionic technology program is described. The tasks include surface and plasma investigations (surface characterization, spectroscopic plasma experiments, and converter theory); low temperature converter development (tungsten emitter, tungsten oxide collector and tungsten emitter, nickel collector); component hardware development (hot shell development); flame-fired silicon carbide converters; high temperature and advanced converter studies; postoperational diagnostics; and correlation of design interfaces.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-163134 , COO-3056-41 , PR-39
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  • 86
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    Development of pulsed processes for the manufacture of solar cells (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Low-energy ion implantation processes for the automated production of silicon solar cells were investigated. Phosphorus ions at an energy of 10 keV and dose of 2 x 10 to the 15th power/sq cm were implanted in silicon solar cells to produce junctions, while boron ions at 25 keV and 5 x 10 to the 15th power were implanted in the cells to produce effective back surface fields. An ion implantation facility with a beam current up to 4 mA and a production throughput of 300 wafers per hour was designed and installed. A design was prepared for a 100 mA, automated implanter with a production capacity of 100 MW sub e/sq cm per year. Two process sequences were developed which employ ion implantation and furnace or pulse annealing. A computer program was used to determine costs for junction formation by ion implantation and various furnace annealing cycles to demonstrate cost effectiveness of these methods.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-153188 , DOE/JPL-954786-79/02 , JPL-9950-324 , FR-79-10052
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  • 87
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    Phase 2 of the array automated assembly task for the low cost solar array project (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The process sequence for the fabrication of dendritic web silicon into solar panels was modified to include aluminum back surface field formation. Plasma etching was found to be a feasible technique for pre-diffusion cleaning of the web. Several contacting systems were studied. The total plated Pd-Ni system was not compatible with the process sequence; however, the evaporated TiPd-electroplated Cu system was shown stable under life testing. Ultrasonic bonding parameters were determined for various interconnect and contact metals but the yield of the process was not sufficiently high to use for module fabrication at this time. Over 400 solar cells were fabricated according to the modified sequence. No sub-process incompatibility was seen. These cells were used to fabricate four demonstration modules. A cost analysis of the modified process sequence resulted in a selling price of $0.75/peak watt.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162628 , DOE/JPL-954873-79/08
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  • 88
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    Design study of a 15 kW free-piston Stirling engine-linear alternator for dispersed solar electric power systems (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A conceptual design of a free piston solar Stirling engine-linear alternator which can be designed and developed to meet the requirements of a near-term solar test bed engine with minimum risks was developed. The conceptual design was calculated to have an overall system efficiency of 38% and provide 15kW electric output. The free piston engine design incorporates features such as gas bearings, close clearance seals, and gas springs. This design is hermetically sealed to provide long life, reliability, and maintenance free operation. An implementation assessment study performed indicates that the free piston solar Stirling engine-linear alternator can be manufactured at a reasonable price cost (direct labor plus material) of $2,500 per engine in production quantities of 25,000 units per year. Opportunity for significant reduction of cost was also identified.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-159587 , DOE/NASA/0056-79/1 , MTI-79TR47
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  • 89
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    Phase 2: Array automated assembly task low cost silicon solar array project (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Several microwave systems for use in solar cell fabrication were developed and experimentally tested. The first system used a standing wave rectangular waveguide horn applicator. Satisfactory results were achieved with this system for impedance matching and wafer surface heating uniformity. The second system utilized a resonant TM sub 011 mode cylindrical cavity but could not be employed due to its poor energy coupling efficiency. The third and fourth microwave systems utilized a circular waveguide operating in the TM sub 01 and TM sub 11 but had problems with impedance matching, efficiency, and field uniformity.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162912 , JPL-9950-316 , DOE/JPL-954865-79/8 , QTR-8
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  • 90
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    Analysis and evaluation in the production process and equipment area of the low-cost solar array project (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The energy consumed in manufacturing silicon solar cell modules was calculated for the current process, as well as for 1982 and 1986 projected processes. In addition, energy payback times for the above three sequences are shown. The module manufacturing energy was partitioned two ways. In one way, the silicon reduction, silicon purification, sheet formation, cell fabrication, and encapsulation energies were found. In addition, the facility, equipment, processing material and direct material lost-in-process energies were appropriated in junction formation processes and full module manufacturing sequences. A brief methodology accounting for the energy of silicon wafers lost-in-processing during cell manufacturing is described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162904 , DOE/JPL-954796-79/7
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  • 91
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    Coronal magnetic structure and the latitude and longitude distribution of energetic particles, 1-5 AU (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The relation of the coronal magnetic field structure to the distribution of approximately 1 MeV protons in interplanetary space between 1 and 5 AU is discussed. After ordering the interplanetary data by its estimated coronal emission source location in heliographic coordinates, the multispacecraft measured proton fluxes are compared with coronal magnetic field structure infrared as observed in soft X-ray photographs and potential field calculations. Evidence for the propagation and possible acceleration of solar flare protons on high magnetic loop structure in the corona is presented. Further, it is shown that corotating proton flux enhancements are associated with regions of low coronal X-ray emission (including coronal holes), usually in association with solar wind stream structure.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-161391
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  • 92
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    A new method of metallization for silicon solar cells (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The new metallization process based on Mo-Sn system was studied. The reaction mechanism of MoO3 and its mixture with Sn was examined. The basic ink composition was modified in order to obtain a low ohmic contact to the cell. The electrical characteristics of the cells were comparable with the existing metallization processes. However, in comparison with the standard processes using silver as the contacting metal, the saving obtained by the use of the new process was substantial.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162823 , DOE/JPL-955318-79/3 , JPL-9950-288
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  • 93
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    Slicing of Silicon into Sheet Material. Silicon Sheet Growth Development for the Large Area Silicon Sheet Task of the Low Cost Solar Array Project (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The use of multiblade slurry sawing to produce silicon wafers from ingots was investigated. The commercially available state of the art process was improved by 20% in terms of area of silicon wafers produced from an ingot. The process was improved 34% on an experimental basis. Economic analyses presented show that further improvements are necessary to approach the desired wafer costs, mostly reduction in expendable materials costs. Tests which indicate that such reduction is possible are included, although demonstration of such reduction was not completed. A new, large capacity saw was designed and tested. Performance comparable with current equipment (in terms of number of wafers/cm) was demonstrated.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162828 , DOE/JPL-954374-79/10 , JPL-9950-272
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  • 94
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    Development of economical improved thick film solar cell contact (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Metal screened electrodes were investigated with base metal pastes and silver systems being focused upon. Contact resistance measurements were refined. A facility allowing fixing in hydrogen and other atmospheres was acquired. Several experiments were made applying screenable pastes to solar cells. Doping investigations emphasized eutectic alloys reduced to powders. Metal systems were reviewed and base metal experiments were done with nickel and copper using lead and tin as the frit metals. Severe adhesion problems were experienced with hydrogen atmospheres in all metal systems. A two step firing schedule was devised. Aluminum-silicon and aluminum-germanium eutectic doping additions to copper pastes were tried on 2 1/4 in diameter solar cell back contacts, both with good results.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162849 , DOE/JPL-955164-79/4 , JPL-9950-287
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  • 95
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    Automated Array Assembly Task In-depth Study of Silicon Wafer Surface Texturizing (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Several aspects of silicon wafer surface texturizing were studied. A low cost cleaning method that utilizes recycled Freon in an ultrasonic vapor degreaser to remove organic and inorganic contaminants from the surface of silicon wafers as received from silicon suppliers was investigated. The use of clean dry air and high throughout wafer batch drying techniques was shown to lower the cost of wafer drying. A two stage texturizing process was examined for suitability in large scale production. Also, an in-depth gettering study with the two stage texturizing process was performed for the enhancement of solar cell efficiency, minimization of current versus voltage curve dispersion, and improvement in process reproducibility. The 10% efficiency improvement goal was exceeded for the near term implementation of flat plate photovoltaic cost reduction.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162883 , DOE/JPL-955266-79/2
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  • 96
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    Solar power satellite system definition study. Volume 3: Operations and systems synthesis, phase 2 (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The results of the operations analyses are reported. Some of these analyses examined operations aspects of space vehicle in-space maintenance. Many of the analyses explored in great depth operations concerned the LEO Base cargo handling operations. Personnel transportation operations and cargo packaging were also analyzed. These operations analyses were performed to define the operational requirements for all of the SPS system elements so that equipment and facilities could be synthesized, and to make estimates of the manpower requirements. An overall, integrated, end-to-end description of the SPS operations is presented. The detailed operations analyses, upon which this integrated description was based, are included.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-160480 , D180-25461-3
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  • 97
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    LSA field test (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Degradation tests indicate that electrical degradation is not a slow monotonically increasing phenomenon as originally thought but occurs abruptly as the result of some traumatic event. This finding has led to a change in the test philosophy. A discussion of this change is presented along with a summary of degradation and failure data from all the sites and results from a variety of special tests. New instrumentation for in-field measurements are described. Field testing activity was expanded by the addition of twelve remote sites located as far away as Alaska and the Canal Zone. Descriptions of the new sites are included.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162798 , JPL-PUB-80-5 , DOE/JPL-1012-38
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  • 98
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    Studies of silicon p-n junction solar cells (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: To provide theoretical support for investigating different ways to obtain high open-circuit voltages in p-n junction silicon solar cells, an analytical treatment of heavily doped transparent-emitter devices is presented that includes the effects of bandgap narrowing, Fermi-Dirac statistics, a doping concentration gradient, and a finite surface recombination velocity at the emitter surface. Topics covered include: (1) experimental determination of bandgap narrowing in the emitter of silicon p-n junction devices; (2) heavily doped transparent regions in junction solar cells, diodes, and transistors; (3) high-low-emitter solar cell; (4) determination of lifetimes and recombination currents in p-n junction solar cells; (5) MOS and oxide-charged-induced BSF solar cells; and (6) design of high efficiency solar cells for space and terrestrial applications.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162832
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  • 99
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    Assessment of low-cost manufacturing process sequences (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An extensive research and development activity to reduce the cost of manufacturing photovoltaic solar arrays by a factor of approximately one hundred is discussed. Proposed and actual manufacturing process descriptions were compared to manufacturing costs. An overview of this methodology is presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162745 , CONF-790451-1 , European Congr. on Operations Res.; Apr 09, 1979; Amsterdam
    Format: application/pdf
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    Proceedings of the 13th Project integration meeting (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Progress made by the Low Cost Solar Array Project during the period April through August 1979 is presented. Reports are given on project analysis and integration; technology development in silicon material, large area sheet silicon, and encapsulation; production process and equipment development; engineering and operations, and a discussion of the steps taken to integrate these efforts. A report on, and copies of viewgraphs presented at the Project Integration Meeting held August 22-23, 1979 are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162787 , JPL-PUB-79-88 , DOE/JPL-1012-29 , PR-13 , Project Integration Meeting; Jan 01, 1979
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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