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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (1.494)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (965)
  • 1980-1984  (2.179)
  • 1970-1974  (280)
  • 1981  (1.194)
  • 1980  (985)
  • 1973  (280)
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  • 1980-1984  (2.179)
  • 1970-1974  (280)
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  • 1
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    Curved-flow, rolling-flow, and oscillatory pure-yawing wind-tunnel test methods for determination of dynamic stability derivatives (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-14
    Beschreibung: The test capabilities of the Stability Wind Tunnel of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University are described, and calibrations for curved and rolling flow techniques are given. Oscillatory snaking tests to determine pure yawing derivatives are considered. Representative aerodynamic data obtained for a current fighter configuration using the curved and rolling flow techniques are presented. The application of dynamic derivatives obtained in such tests to the analysis of airplane motions in general, and to high angle of attack flight conditions in particular, is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Dyn. Stability Parameters; 13 p
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  • 2
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    Preliminary lift and drag characteristics of the F-8 supercritical wing airplane (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: its Supercritical Wing Technol.: A Report on Flight Evaluation; p 59-70
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Microwave remote sensing experiment (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-04
    Beschreibung: Operation of the microwave instrument as a two frequency scatterometer, a synthetic aperture radar, and a passive microwave radiometer is planned. Operation of the instrument in each of its three modes is discussed and the antenna system described.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Spacelab Mission 1 Expt. Descriptions; 3 p
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Externally blown flap dynamic loads (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-27
    Beschreibung: Some of the principal results obtained in three series of measurements of fluctuating surface pressures induced on externally blown flaps by jet impingment are presented. Large- and small-scale models and hot- and cold-flow tests are considered. The discussion sets forth scaling parameters and consistent features of the root-mean-square values and spectra of the loading. Implications of these results with regard to sonic fatigue are indicated.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: STOL Technol.; p 131-142
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    A comparison of stratified versus regression estimators (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: LANDSAT data acquired over an agricultural area along with ground enumeration of the same area are used to obtain crop acreage estimates which are better (as measured in terms of bias and variance) than can be obtained from either data source alone. Two basic approaches considered within the AgRISTARS program are a stratified crop acreage estimator and a regression estimator. A statement of the problem was mathematically formulated and some theorems were proved which relate to the variance of the two estimators. For a particular set of data, the regression and stratified estimators are compared in terms of certain easily computed parameters.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Houston Univ. The 1981 NASA ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program, Vol. 2; 17 p
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  • 6
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    An analytic solution to the classical two-body problem with drag (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The two body problem was analyzed with a specific drag model. The model treats drag as a force proportional to the vector velocity and inversely proportional to the distance to the center of attraction. The solution is expressed in terms of known functions and is of a simple and compact form. The time of flight is expressed as a quadrature in the true anomaly. The results are: (1) development of a vector differential equation which allows analysis of an infinite number of gravitational and drag models; and (2) obtaining the solution of a linear differential equation using the inverse method of laplace transforms.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Houston Univ. The 1981 NASA ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program, Vol. 2; 22 p
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  • 7
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    Langley high-lift research on a high-aspect-ratio supercritical wing configuration (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: To determine the low speed performance characteristics of a representative high aspect ratio supercritical wing, two low speed jet transport models were fabricated. A 12-ft. span model was used for low Reynolds number tests in the Langley 4- by 7-Meter Tunnel and the second, a 7.5-ft. span model, was used for high Reynolds number tests in the Ames 12-foot Pressure Tunnel. A brief summary of the results of the tests of these two models is presented and comparisons are made between the data obtained on these two models and other similar models. Follow-on two and three dimensional research efforts related to the EET high-lift configurations are also presented and discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Advan. Aerodyn.: Selected NASA Res.; p 55-77
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  • 8
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    Measured transonic unsteady pressures on an energy efficient transport wing with oscillating control surfaces (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Highlight results are presented from subsonic and transonic pressure measurement studies conducted in the Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel on a supercritical wing model representative of an energy efficient transport design. Steady- and unsteady-pressure data were acquired on the upper and lower wing surface at an off-design Mach number of 0.60 and at the design Mach number of 0.78, for a Reynolds number of 2.2 x 10(6) (based on the wing average chord). The model configuration consisted of a sidewall-Mounted half-body fuselage and a semi-span wing with an aspect ratio of 10.76, a leading-edge sweepback angle of 28.8 degrees, and supercritical airfoil sections. The wing is instrumented with 252 static pressure orifices and 164 dynamic pressure gages. Model test variables included wing angle of attack, control-surface mean deflection angle, control-surface oscillating deflection angle and frequency, and phasing between oscillating leading-edge and trailing-edge controls when used together.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Advan. Aerodyn.: Selected NASA Res.; p 21-36
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  • 9
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    Review of drag measurements from flight tests of manned aircraft with comparisons to wind-tunnel predictions (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-14
    Beschreibung: In-flight studies of the overall and local components of drag of many types of aircraft were conducted. The primary goal of these studies was to evaluate wind-tunnel and semiempirical prediction methods. Some evaluations are presented in this paper which may be summarized by the following observations: Wind-tunnel predictions of overall vehicle drag can be accurately extrapolated to flight Reynolds numbers, provided that the base drag is removed and the boattail areas on the vehicle are small. The addition of ablated roughness to lifting body configurations causes larger losses in performance and stability than would be expected from the added friction drag due to the roughness. Successful measurements of skin friction have been made in flight to Mach numbers above 4. A reliable inflatable deceleration device was demonstrated in flight which effectively stabilizes and decelerates a lifting aircraft at supersonic speeds.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Aerodyn. Drag; 12 p
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    A summary of current research in rotor unsteady aerodynamics with emphasis on work at Langley Research Center (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-14
    Beschreibung: The basic unsteady aerodynamic environment of the rotary wing is summarized. Some of the observed trends in the state of the art are discussed. Some of the research needs that will require attention are reported. A review of a number of research investigations as a part of a joint NASA/Army rotorcraft project is presented. The research is directed toward achieving a better understanding of rotor unsteady airfoils. The investigations include: (1) rotor maneuver loads; (2) level flight and maneuver wake prediction; (3) tip-vortex flow; (4) blade-vortex interactions; (5) dynamic stall; (6) transient Mach number air loads; and (7) development of variable geometry rotors.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Aerodyn. of Rotary Wings; 20 p
    Format: text
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  • 11
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    Integral equation for small perturbations of irrotational flows (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An investigation is conducted concerning the validity of analytical methods which are based on deriving an integral equation, taking into account small perturbations in the case of a nonuniform but irrotational flow. The results obtained apply to a wide Mach number range, but are restricted to small amplitude motions and to nonviscous flows. It is shown that the integral equation relating the unknown velocity potential to the known normal flow velocity can be derived from the appropriate Green's identity.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 11; Dec. 197
    Format: text
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  • 12
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    On the inviscid rolled-up structure of lift-generated vortices (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A simple form is presented of the relationships derived by Betz for the inviscid, fully developed structure of lift-generated vortices behind aircraft. An extension is then made to arbitrary span-load distributions by inferring guidelines for the selection of rollup centers for the vortex sheet. These techniques are easier to use and yield more realistic estimates of the rolled-up structure of vortices than the original form of Betz' theory when the span loading differs appreciably from elliptic loading.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 10; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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  • 13
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    Van Driest generalization applied to turbulent skin friction and velocity profiles measured on the wall of a Mach 7.4 wind tunnel (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 11; Dec. 197
    Format: text
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  • 14
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    Effect of anisotropic turbulence on aerodynamic noise (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A model based on Lighthill's theory for predicting aerodynamic noise from a turbulent shear flow is developed. This model is a generalization of the one developed by Ribner. It does not require that the turbulent correlations factor into space and time-dependent parts. It replaces his assumption of isotropic turbulence by the more realistic one of axisymmetric turbulence. In the course of the analysis, a hierarchy of equations is developed wherein each succeeding equation involves more assumptions than the preceding equation but requires less experimental information for its use. The implications of the model for jet noise are discussed. It is shown that for the particular turbulence data considered anisotropy causes the high-frequency self-noise to be beamed downstream.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 54
    Format: text
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  • 15
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    Three-dimensional separation for interaction of shock waves with turbulent boundary layers (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: For the interaction of shock waves with turbulent boundary layers, obtained experimental three-dimensional separation results and correlations with earlier two-dimensional and three-dimensional data are presented. It is shown that separation occurs much earlier for turbulent three-dimensional than for two-dimensional flow at hypersonic speeds.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 16
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    A graphical method for the investigation of shock interference phenomena (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 17
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    Shooting method for solution of boundary-layer flows with massive blowing (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A modified, bidirectional shooting method is presented for solving boundary-layer equations under conditions of massive blowing. Unlike the conventional shooting method, which is unstable when the blowing rate increases, the proposed method avoids the unstable direction and is capable of solving complex boundary-layer problems involving mass and energy balance on the surface.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 18
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    Derivation of aerodynamic kernel functions (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The method of Fourier transforms is used to determine the kernel function which relates the pressure on a lifting surface to the prescribed downwash within the framework of Dowell's (1971) shear flow model. This model is intended to improve upon the potential flow aerodynamic model by allowing for the aerodynamic boundary layer effects neglected in the potential flow model. For simplicity, incompressible, steady flow is considered. The proposed method is illustrated by deriving known results from potential flow theory.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 19
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    Correlation of hypersonic zero-lift drag data. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A pseudo-one-dimensional model of the supersonic combustion ramjet engine cycle is revised on the basis of recent (additional) data obtained from combustor tests. The data were generated in a simple nonreacting system which produces shock structures and shock/boundary layer interactions analogous to those observed at the entrance of supersonic combustors. It is shown that the revised model provides better descriptions of the wall pressure distributions and the overall shock pressure rises for the available test data.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 10; Sept
    Format: text
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  • 20
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    Transonic flow about lifting configurations. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A transonic flow solution is presented for configurations with span-to-length ratios of order one. The angles of attack are sufficiently large to produce lift effects that are either dominant or comparable to the thickness effects. The analysis is performed with the aid of the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The results obtained are compared with data reported by Cheng and Hafez (1972).
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 11; May 1973
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  • 21
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    High Reynolds number experimental data for forebody axial force. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Brief review of the operational principle and capability of the high-Reynolds-number wind tunnel developed over the last few years. Its test medium is stored in a Ludwieg tube and held there by means of a diaphragm. When the diaphragm is broken, a rearward-facing centered rarefaction fan propagates upstream through the test section and nozzle into the supply tube, and the useful run time is bounded by the reflected rarefaction wave and the starting shock wave caused by choking at the nozzle. The operating problems center around the ability of model and sting support systems to withstand the loads and to meet the instrumentation requirements. Evaluation tests have shown that satisfactory force and moment measurements can be obtained in this facility.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 11; Mar. 197
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  • 22
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    Reference temperature method for predicting turbulent compressible skin-friction coefficient. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 11; Feb. 197
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  • 23
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    Performance characteristics of a model VTOL lift fan in crossflow. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: This paper presents a summary of principal results obtained from crossflow tests of a model 15-in.-diam lift fan installed in a wing in the NASA Lewis Research Center, 9 by 15 ft V/STOL Propulsion Wind Tunnel. Tests were run with and without exit louvers over a range of tunnel air speeds, fan speeds, and wing angle of attack. Fan thrust in crossflow was influenced by two principal factors: the effects of inflow distortion on blade-row performance, and changes in fan stage operating point brought about by changes in back pressure ratio. In this particular fan, flow separation on the inlet bellmouth did not appear to be a serious problem for crossflow operation.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 10; Mar. 197
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  • 24
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    Remarks on vortex-lattice methods. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Results are presented of some numerical experiments on simple planar configurations. The experiments serve to establish more precisely some ground rules for optimum lattice arrangements. In particular, the location of both the horseshoe vortex elements and the control points at which the surface boundary conditions are to be satisfied is uniquely determined. Questions of lattice arrangement are discussed together with numerical results and problems of control point location.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 10; May 1973
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  • 25
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    Corner pressures and fillet shock locations for symmetrical corners by an approximate method. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Description of an approximate method for predicting the pressure in the immediate corner region and the shock structure on stream-aligned, sharp-leading-edge, symmetrical corner configurations. The method is basically the two-shock method developed by Charwat and Redekopp (1966), with the additional assumption that the corner fillet shock can be located from the calculated pressure in the corner. Corner pressures are correlated over a wide range of Mach numbers in air and helium for different corner wedge angles. The shock structure calculated by this method is compared with supersonic and hypersonic data.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 10; Jan. 197
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  • 26
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    Conformal mapping for potential flow about airfoils with attached flap. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The conformal mapping sequence presented transforms the potential flow about a circle into that about an airfoil with an attached flap or spoiler. It is found that adequate versatility of the flap shape for a given airfoil can usually be obtained with the indicated functions, although other transformations would expand the variety of possible flap shapes.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 10; Jan. 197
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  • 27
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    Determination of growth stage from reflectance spectra of crops (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The spectral reflectance characteristics of vegetation have been studied with the objective to learn how to extract useful information about the state of surface vegetation from space-borne observing systems, with emphasis on agricultural applications. Results of simulation studies based on high-resolution airborne spectrometer data indicate that changes in biomass, plant pigment, and leaf water content can be independently tracked by monitoring the reflective properties of vegetation with an appropriate selection of bands.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 28
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    Vortex-flow aerodynamics - An emerging design capability (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Promising current theoretical and simulational developments in the field of leading edge vortex-generating delta, arrow ogival wings are reported, along with the history of theory and experiment leading to them. The effects of wing slenderness, leading edge nose radius, Mach number and incidence variations, and planform on the onset of vortex generation and redistribution of aerodynamic loads are considered. The range of design possibilities in this field are consequential for the future development of strategic aircraft, supersonic transports and commercial cargo aircraft which will possess low-speed, high-lift capability by virtue of leading edge vortex generation and control without recourse to heavy and expensive leading edge high-lift devices and compound airfoils. Attention is given to interactive graphics simulation devices recently developed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 19; May 1981
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  • 29
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    Longitudinal grooves for bluff body drag reduction (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Wind tunnel test results are presented for four axisymmetric bluff body configurations in order to determine their effect on form and pressure drag. It was found that drag reductions on the order of 40% are obtainable with an afterbody incorporating four longitudinal 'V' grooves. Although this effect may be due to the functioning of the grooves as longitudinal, continuous vortex generators, it is concluded that further research is needed to elucidate the physical basis of the test results. Optimization of the effect will be useful in base drag reduction for such vehicles as automobiles and cargo aircraft with sharply upswept afterbodies.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 19; Apr. 198
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  • 30
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    Azimuthal radiometric temperature measurements of wheat canopies (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The effects of azimuthal view angle on the radiometric temperature of wheat canopies at various stages of development are investigated. Measurements of plant height, total leaf area index, green leaf area index and Feeks growth stage together with infrared radiometric temperature measurements at 12 azimuth intervals with respect to solar azimuth and at different solar zenith angles were obtained for four wheat canopies at various heights. Results reveal a difference on the order of 2 C between the temperatures measured at azimuths of 0 and 180 deg under calm wind conditions, which is attributed to the time-dependent transfer of heat between canopy component surfaces. The azimuthal dependence must thus be taken into account in the determination of radiometric temperatures.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 20; Apr. 1
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  • 31
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    Comparison of reflectance with backscatter and absorption parameters for turbid waters (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The relation of reflectance to backscatter and absorption parameters is investigated for waters more turbid than those of previous investigations. Experimental data are examined for river waters in which beam attenuation values range from 8.9 to 18.9 per m at 550 nm. Attenuation, absorption, backscatter, and irradiance reflectance spectral properties are presented for wavelengths between 450 and 800 nm. Comparisons of reflectance with backscatter to absorption ratio and backscatter with absorption plus backscatter ratio indicate that data for turbid waters do not fit linear or polynomial models which are presently available in the literature.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 20; Feb. 1
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  • 32
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    Experimental relations between airborne and ground measured wheat canopy temperatures (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Experiments using ground-based measurements of canopy temperatures have shown that plant temperatures are good indicators of plant water stress, and thus are useful for assessing water requirements and predicting yields. An intensive 23-day airborne- and ground-measurement program was conducted in Phoenix, Arizona in 1977 to compare airborne-acquired wheat canopy temperatures with simultaneous ground measurements. For canopies that covered at least 85 percent of the soil surface, airborne measurements differed from ground measurements of plant temperature by less than 2 C. Regardless of the amount of plant cover, the airborne measurements were virtually identical to ground-nadir measurements, and thus represent a combination of plant temperature and solid background temperature.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 46; Feb. 198
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  • 33
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    Vectored injection into compressible laminar and turbulent boundary layers (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A fundamental analysis of two-dimensional supersonic boundary layer flow, both laminar and turbulent, is presented for a wide range of normal and nonnormal mass-transfer velocities. The analysis is based on the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations, and results are compared with available theoretical and experimental data. Certain cases of practical importance, for which results are not presently available, are referred to.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 25; Jan. 198
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    Three-layer interactive method for computing supersonic laminar separated flows (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: An interactive model for numerical computation of complicated two-dimensional flowfields including regions of reversed flow is proposed. The present approach is one of dividing the flowfield into three regions, in each of which a simplified mathematical model is applied: (1) outer, supersonic flow for which the full potential equation (hyperbolic) is used; (2) viscous, laminar layer in which the compressible boundary-layer model (parabolic) is used; and (3) recirculating flow modeled by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations (elliptic). For matching of the numerical solutions in the three layers, two interaction models are developed: one for pressure interaction, the other for interaction between the shear layer and the recirculating flow. The uniform solution for the whole flowfield is then obtained by iteration of the local solutions under the constraints imposed by matching. The three-layer interactive model is used for solution of the flowfield past an asymmetric cavity. The method is shown to be capable of dealing with backflow without encountering problems at separation, characteristic to the boundary-layer approach.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 18; Nov. 198
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  • 35
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    Field site selection (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Several general guidelines should be kept in mind when considering the selection of field sites for teaching remote sensing fundamentals. Proximity and vantage point are two very practical considerations. Only through viewing a broad enough area to place the site in context can one make efficient use of a site. The effects of inclement weather when selecting sites should be considered. If field work is to be an effective tool to illustrate remote sensing principles, the following criteria are critical: (1) the site must represent the range of class interest; (2) the site must have a theme or add something no other site offers; (3) there should be intrasite variation within the theme; (4) ground resolution and spectral signature distinction should be illustrated; and (5) the sites should not be ordered sequentially.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Field Study for Remote Sensing; p 29-33
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  • 36
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    Why surface-truth field study is needed in remote-sensing instruction (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Especially designed field studies are needed in remote sensing technology transfer courses regardless of the field work provided by the students'/trainees' major disciplines because the remote sensing discipline has unique emphases and needs. Modification of existng schedules to include field work provides the equivalent of extending the duration of the program with the added benefit of enhancing learning achievements per actual program day. The process of surface truth field instruction, levels of student capabilities and stages in the development of surface truth field studies are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Field Study for Remote Sensing; p 9-15
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    Report of the panel on theoretical aerodynamics (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Interactions between theoretical aerodynamics and the NTF are discussed. The development and validation of computational fluid dynamics computer codes, the determination of Reynolds number scaling laws, and extension of the data bases of entrainment type turbulence models to include high Reynolds number data are recommended areas of study. The major benefit theoretical aerodynamics could have on the NTF is in the quantitative description of wind tunnel wall interference effects.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 277-286
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    High Reynolds number research requirements for space vehicle design (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Requirements of entry vehicle design requiring high Reynolds number wind tunnel testing are discussed. The space shuttle orbiter, development of future space transportation systems, and planetary entry data analysis are considered.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 265-274
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  • 39
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    Report of the panel on aeroelasticity and unsteady aerodynamics (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The status of recommended areas of study for the NTF are reviewed. Transonic and control surface unsteady aerodynamics, and buffet onset and loads are considered. Testing of dynamically scaled flutter models is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 237-246
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  • 40
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    LANDSAT C workshop field/laboratory exercises (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Collection of ground information and supportive materials are absolutely necessary to verify and substantiate data extracted by the interpretation process regardless of sensor type and scale. Field observation and notes, the use of topographic and thematic maps, crop calendars, and climate records are just four examples of supportive materials which often are used in conjunction with remotely sensed materials. Illustration of this integrated multisensor approach is provided by four examples from the March, 1978 Santa Maria LANDSAT C Conference and Workshop. Four distinctive window sites were selected to demonstrate the usefulness of remotely sensed materials to solve geographic problems.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Field Study for Remote Sensing; p 45-59
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  • 41
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    Model experience in the Langley 0.3-m transonic cryogenic tunnel (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The model building, development, and testing experience gained during 8 years of operation of the 0.3-m Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT) is summarized. The summary is divided into four portions: (1) models tested in the 0.3-m TCT's original octagonal test section; (2) models tested in the present two dimensional test section; (3) models tested as a part of tunnel calibration and the development of advanced technology airfoils; and (4) development of a new way to construct two dimensional airfoil models. Design requirements imposed on the models by high Reynolds number testing at cryogenic temperatures are reviewed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 53-73
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    The workshop (1981)
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    Beschreibung: The plan is presented for a two day workshop held to provide educational and training experience in the reading, interpretation, and application of LANDSAT and correlated larger scale imagery, digital printout maps, and other collateral material for a large number of participants with widely diverse levels of expertise, backgrounds, and occupations in government, industry, and education. The need for using surface truth field studies with correlated aerial imagery in solving real world problems was demonstrated.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Field Study for Remote Sensing; p 5-7
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    An industrial perspective of the LANDSAT opportunity (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The feasibility of enhancing LANDSAT products to provide the greatest usability low cost data possible can be determined through government sponsorship and finance of one or more task forces composed of a critical number of experts in multiple disciplines from many industries and academia. The synergism of multiple minds addressing singular problems without the creation of permanent or perpetual structures must yield output in the form of implementable specifications, even if presented as alternatives. Changes are needed within the spacecraft in order to account for Sun angle changes. The use of pointing accuracy to make geometric corrections (and possible radiometric corrections, is needed more than onboard data reduction and information extraction, which assume a proper knowledge of application and reduce potential utilization. Multilinear arrays need to be investigated and methods for sensor calibration and for determining the effects of atmospheric inversion, as well as the best way to back out the modulation transfer function must be determined.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Field Study for Remote Sensing; p 1-3
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    Appendix D: Assessement of potential industrial sites in Essex County, New York (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Potential industrial sites were assessed using high and medium altitude aircraft photographs and supporting information on the 4,730 sq. km. (1,825 sq. mile) county. Factors evaluated include land availability, slope, site accessibility, soil drainage, other subsurface characteristics, and the expected physical as well as visual impacts on existing land use. Areas unavailable or unsuitable for development were eliminated first, and the remaining areas evaluated and the best sites identified.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Cornell Univ. Remote Sensing Program; 138 p
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    Appendix B: Inventory of coniferous forests near Bath, New York (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A zoom stereoscope was used to interpret aerial color photographs of the Finger Lakes region near Bath, New York, and areas of conifers were delineated on acetate sheets. Scale was determined for each photograph and units were converted to acres. Photographically enlarged positive transparencies of imagery from LANDSAT bands 5,6, and 7 for the southern portion of the study area were placed in a cold additive viewer and registered with each other to provide a composite image. A green filter was used on band 5, blue on band 6, and red on band 7. Conifers appeared at dark, reddish purple. Average was determined using a grid. Results show that the total confer stands within 50 miles of Bath is approximately 176,000 acres of which 60,000 acres are in Pennsylvania. The study was conducted to determine the feasibility of locating a particleboard manufacturing firm in the Southern Tier.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Cornell Univ. Remote Sensing Program; 3 p
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    Appendix C: A comparative study of small scale remotely sensed data for monitoring clearcutting in hardwood forests (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Manual photointerpretation techniques were used to analyze images acquired by high altitude aircraft, the Skylab multispectral and Earth terrain camera (ETC), the LANDSAT multispectral scanner, and the LANDSAT-3 return beam vidicon camera. A color-additive viewer, and digital image analysis were also used on the LANDSAT MSS imagery. The value of each type of remotely sensed data was judged by the ease and accuracy of clearcut identification, and by the amount of detail discernible, especially regarding revegetation. Results of a site study in the Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania indicate that high altitude aerial photography, especially color infrared photography acquired during the growing season, is well suited for identifying clearcuts and assessing revegetation. Although photographs acquired with Skylab's ETC also yielded good results, only incomplete inventories of clearcuts could be made using LANDSAT imagery. Results for the Adirondack region of New York State were similar for the aircraft and satellite photography, but even less satisfactory for the LANDSAT imagery.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Cornell Univ. Remote Sensing Program; 157 p
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  • 47
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    Unsupervised classification of MSS Landsat data for mapping spatially complex vegetation (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The various stages in carrying out a monocluster block unsupervised classification using Landsat MSS data are described. Procedures for carrying out these various stages were found to be far from well-established for the type of terrain being investigated, which is rugged and contains many small land cover units. Two particular difficulties were encountered: first, that of precise ground location of pixels; and, secondly, that of objectively evaluating the results. Ways in which these can be surmounted are suggested.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 48
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    Microbial mobilization of calcium and magnesium in waterlogged soils (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Journal of Environmental Quality; 9; Jan
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  • 49
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    Noise radiation from the side edges of flaps (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The recently observed phenomenon of high noise radiation from the side edges of flaps in flow is investigated by way of a simple two-dimensional model problem. The model is based upon a physical picture of boundary layer vorticity being swept around the edge by spanwise flow on the flap. The model problem is developed and solved and the resulting noise radiation calculated. Further, a mathematical condition for the vortex to be captured by the potential flow and swept around the edge is derived. The results show that the sound generation depends strongly upon the strength of the vorticity and distance from the edge and that it can be more intense than the more common trailing edge noise source in agreement with the experimental observations.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 18; May 1980
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    Stability aspects of diverging subsonic flow (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The paper describes the computation of two-dimensional, subsonic, diverging internal flows and how they differ from the corresponding converging flows. Such diverging or decelerating flows occur in such obvious places as subsonic diffusers and inlets; however, such flows also occur in supersonic nozzles in the presence of a normal shock. The flow instability and its relation to the numerical method used, boundary conditions, and viscous effects are assessed both analytically and numerically. The inviscid flow is shown to be physically unstable and a poor representation of the true viscous flow.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 18; May 1980
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    LACIE - An application of meteorology for United States and foreign wheat assessment (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: This paper describes the overall Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment technical approach utilizing the global weather-reporting network and the Landsat satellite to make a quasi-operational application of existing research results, and the accomplishments of this cooperative experiment in utilizing the weather information. Global weather data were utilized in preparing timely yield estimates for selected areas of the U.S. Great Plains, the U.S.S.R. and Canada. Additionally, wheat yield models were developed and pilot tested for Brazil, Australia, India and Argentina. The results of the work show that heading dates for wheat in North America can be predicted with an average absolute error of about 5 days for winter wheat and 4 days for spring wheat. Independent tests of wheat yield models over a 10-year period for the U.S. Great Plains produced a root-mean-square error of 1.12 quintals per hectare (q/ha) while similar tests in the U.S.S.R. produced an error of 1.31 q/ha. Research designed to improve the initial capability is described as is the rationale for further evolution of a capability to monitor global climate and assess its impact on world food supplies.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 19; Jan. 198
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  • 52
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    Data acquisition and projected applications of the observations from LANDSAT-D (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The capabilities of the multispectral scanner and thematic mapper aboard LANDSAT-D are reviewed in terms of spectral, spatial, and radiometric resolution. The applications made possible by increased sensor sensitivity are discussed. Communication relay systems and the ground segment are also described.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 217-230
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    SEASAT Synthetic Aperture Radar Data (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The potential of radar imagery from space altitudes is discussed and the advantages of radar over passive sensor systems are outlined. Specific reference is made to the SEASAT synthetic aperture radar. Possible applications include oil spill monitoring, snow and ice reconnaissance, mineral exploration, and monitoring phenomena in the urban environment.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 209-215
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    Forestry: Forum summary (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A synopsis of a forum addressing the use of LANDSAT data in forestry is given. Broad inventory studies, clear-cut monitoring, and insect and disease detection were among the subject areas discussed. Concerns regarding the vailability of data, cloud cover, resolution and classification accuracy, and product format were expressed by foresters.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 167-168
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    Land cover classification in southern Rhode Island using multidate LANDSAT MSS data (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The use of LANDSAT multispectral scanner data from several different dates to classify ground cover in Rhode Island is discussed. The advantage of using several dates is that seasonal data can be incorporated in the classification. In order to circumvent the problem of increased computer computation time, the dimensionality of the input data is reduced by the 'principal components method'. This technique and its implementation are described along with regisration, classification, and verification tasks.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 163-166
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    Modeling a beaver population on the Prescott Peninsula, Massachusetts: Feasibility of LANDSAT as an input (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A preliminary dynamic model of beaver spatial distribution and population growth was developed. The feasibility of locating beaver ponds on LANDSAT digital tapes, and of using this information to provide initial conditions of beaver spatial distribution for the model, and to validate model predictions is discussed. The techniques used to identify beaver ponds on LANDSAT are described.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 155-162
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    Remote sensing of coastal processes and resources (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The use of remote sensors and multispectral analysis techniques in solving environmental and resource management problems in the coastal zone is illustrated. The specific applications discussed include the analysis of coastal vegetation and productivity, remote sensing of estuarine fronts and their effects on oil dispersion, drift and dispersion of ocean-dumped wastes, and multispectral analysis of water pollutants and suspended sediment concentration.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 139-154
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    Massachusetts: The establishment of a remote sensing center (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The objectives of the remote sensing center at the University of Massachusetts are described. These include research, facilities development, applications, education, and regional cooperation.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 137-138
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    The Vermont operational LANDSAT data analysis system (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The implementation of the Office of Remote Sensing of Earth Resources (ORSER) software package from Pennsylvania State University onto the University of Vermont's IBM model 3031 computer is discussed. This version of ORSER was found to be much more user-friendly than remote access to the Penn State ORSER package.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 135
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    Minnesota Land Management Information Center (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A brief history of the Minnesota Land Management Information Center is given and the present operational status and plans for future development are described. The incorporation of LANDSAT data into the system, hardware and software capabilities, and funding are addressed.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 129-133
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    Lake trophic applications: Wisconsin (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Efforts to classify the water quality characteristics of lakes using LANDSAT imagery are reported. Image processing and registration techniques are described. A lake classification scheme which involves the assignment of a trophic class number was used in the data analysis. The resulting values were compared to the corresponding rank assignment derived from field measurements.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 123-125
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    Forestry applications of LANDSAT data in New Hampshire (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The applications of forest clearcut maps derived from LANDSAT data are dicussed. Such maps provide harvest location information useful in general management and indicate the stage of regrowth which helps determine timber stand improvement practices. The clearcut maps are also used in fire control planning and in determining wildlife habitats.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 119-122
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    LANDSAT, a data supplement to forest survey (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The use of LANDSAT in providing forest data on a county basis was investigated. Image interpretation and classification techniques and their accuracy are addressed. LANDSAT data was also used to detect and delineate defoliation caused by tent caterpillars.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 111-113
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    Clearcut mapping and forest type mapping in eastern forests with LANDSAT data (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The development and use of signature packages which provide a forest type map and which identify clearcut areas is discussed. The type map divides the forest land into three categories: softwood, mixed wood, and hardwood. The user defines each of these categories and adjusts the signature package to fit his needs. Success in identifying clearcuts and their stage of regrowth was demonstrated in New Hampshire where clearcuts range in size from 5 to 100 acres with between 30 and 40 acres being the most common.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 115-118
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    A proposed model for applied remote sensing in Indiana (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A model for the effective interaction of user, technical and consultant groups in incorporating remote sensing into applied research conducted by local, regional, and state agencies is outlined.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 105-109
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  • 66
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    Remote sensing in West Virginia (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Low altitude black and white aerial photography is the prinicipal remote sensing tool for geologic investigations in West Virginia, although side looking radar and color infrared photography are also used. The first land use/cover map for the state was produced in color infrared and is being digitized. Linear features in Cabell and Wayne Counties, as revealed by LANDSAT, were evaluated to test the possible correlations with rock fractures and gas production from shales. A LANDSAT linear features map (1:250,000) was prepared for the entire state, also. Presently investigations are being made to understand karst and to predict areas that should not be used for development. Aerial photography and field mapping is being conducted to detect the location and causes of landslides.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 99-104
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    Land cover analysis of James City County, Virginia (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The approach used to obtain reliable countywide forest resource data, including statistics and a forest cover distribution map from LANDSAT data is described. Comparison of results of the LANDSAT anlysis and U.S. Forestry Survey data is presented in a table. Pine, oak/pine, and oak/hickory accounted for 22.3%, 32.6% and 45.2% respectively of the total forest area in the LANDSAT analysis, compared to 22.8%, 30.1%. and 47.1% in the Forest Survey. The corresponding figures for each forest type differ at most 2.5% for the mixed forest. The total county area in forest land measured using LANDSAT was underestimated by 1,409 acres, a 2.2% error based on the Forest Survey statistics. However, the estimate of 61,242 acres fell well within the known 4% uncertainty of the estimate for the Forest Survey figures (62,651 acres + or - 2,544 acres).
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 91-97
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  • 68
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    Wildlife habitat evaluation demonstration project (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: To support the deer range improvement project in Michigan, the capability of LANDSAT data in assessing deer habitat in terms of areas and mixes of species and age classes of vegetation is being examined to determine whether such data could substitute for traditional cover type information sources. A second goal of the demonstration project is to determine whether LANDSAT data can be used to supplement and improve the information normally used for making deer habitat management decisions, either by providing vegetative cover for private land or by providing information about the interspersion and juxtaposition of valuable vegetative cover types. The procedure to be used for evaluating in LANDSAT data of the Lake County test site is described.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 87-89
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  • 69
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    LANDSAT data for coastal zone management (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The lack of adequate, current data on land and water surface conditions in New Jersey led to the search for better data collections and analysis techniques. Four-channel MSS data of Cape May County and access to the OSER computer interpretation system were provided by NASA. The spectral resolution of the data was tested and a surface cover map was produced by going through the steps of supervised classification. Topics covered include classification; change detection and improvement of spectral and spatial resolution; merging LANDSAT and map data; and potential applications for New Jersey.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 77-85
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  • 70
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    Correlation of LANDSAT lineaments with Devonian gas fields in Lawrence County, Ohio (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: In an effort to locate sources of natural gas in Ohio, the fractures and lineaments in Black Devonian shale were measured by: (1) field mapping of joints, swarms, and fractures; (2) stereophotointerpretation of geomorphic lineaments with precise photoquads; and (3) by interpreting the linear features on LANDSAT images. All results were compiled and graphically represented on 1:250,000 scale maps. The geologic setting of Lawrence County was defined and a field fracture map was generated and plotted as rose patterns at the exposure site. All maps were compared, contrasted, and correlated by superimposing each over the other as a transparency. The LANDSAT lineaments had significant correlation with the limits of oil and gas producing fields. These limits included termination of field production as well as extensions to other fields. The lineaments represent real rock fractures with zones of increased permeability in the near surface bedrock.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 69-73
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    Irrigation survey in Sherburne County, Minnesota (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Approximately 70% of Minnesota's irrigation is with center pivot distribution systems whose diagnostic appearance on remotely sensed imagery is a circular pattern which can be readily identified on LANDSAT MSS band imagery. Fields irrigated with traveling guns, laterals, booms, or cornering systems either result in angular field patterns or obscure the circular patterns normally visible on imagery. The IDMS system at Goddard was used to develop a LANDSAT digital classification of the Sherburne County area, which located fields regardless of shape, and was not dependent of visual interpretation. Ground truth collection and classification attempts are described in an effort to inventory all wells in the area.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 63-68
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  • 72
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    Land use project (comparison of LANDSAT with aircraft-derived land cover data for a proposed highway project) (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The Maryland Automated Geographic Information System is described as well as the development of a general land cover classification with level 2 separation for vegetation categories for a 95,000-acre study area in Howard and Anne Arundel Counties. An accuracy analysis was performed on two subsections of the entire study area. The 1:24,000 scale land use map and the high in altitude infrared photography were determined to the best source of ground truth for the analysis. Results show that (1) delineation of deciduous and coniferous forested areas from LANDSAT data compared well with results from infrared photography; (2) general classification of agricultural areas showed acceptable results; (3) delineation of residential areas had the highest error rates (difference in interpretation and cover type assignment methods was a primary factor); and (4) LANDSAT-derived land cover data is to be used as an ancillary data source in a Maryland statewide land cover inventory.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 45-53
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    The Western Regional Applications Program (WRAP) (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The states encompassed by the Western Regional Applications Program (WRAP) include Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. The features of the western United States which both help and hinder the use of LANDSAT are discussed as well as their effects on the institutional approaches used for resources management in these states. Operational alternatives and some of the representative LANDSAT projects that WRAP is engaged in are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 31-37
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    NASA's Eastern Regional Remote Sensing Applications Program (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The goals of the Eastern Regional Remote Sensing Applications Program are to establish capability for using LANDSAT technology in state institutions and organizations in an operational mode, and to assist in handling new data, introducing new techniques as they become available, and in building and nurturing the technology within the states. Techniques for application development are supported and workshops and demonstrations are provided to pass information on to users. Major areas of project interest are forest inventory, water inventory, and water clarity, and land cover change detection. Another activity is in adopting software, modifying it to work on users' computers, and in identifying hardware that can be used and tied to user computer systems. Involvement of universities as resources for state and local governments is another element of the program.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 39-42
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  • 75
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    Earth Resources Laboratory technology transfer program (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The approach to the transfer of satellite remote sensing technology used at the National Space Technology Laboratories'/Earth Resources Laboratory represents an effective program for the assigned area and is composed of demonstrations; a comprehensive in-house training program; user awareness activities (brochures, slide sets, and documentation); university short courses to stimulate university capabilities; and a technical awareness effort aimed at providing the states with consultation in the areas of hardware/software systems and advice on specific applications. Particular focus is on the transfer of LANDSAT technology in the context of geobased information system development, as well as on how the states approach the problem of institutionalizing the capabilities. The status of demonstration projects and of the state LANDSAT geographic information systems is examined.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 25-29
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    The Earth Resources Data Project (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The Council of State Planning Agencies, in consultation with the National Governor's Association and NASA, initiated the Earth Resources Data Project to encourage the appropriate application of cost-effective science and technology to state natural resources issues and problems. This project was established to provide a focal point for identifying those issues associated with state use of remote sensing and related technology. One project goal is to elevate to the consciousness of state policy and program officials new technologies, such as LANDSAT, by association with major issues to which policy officials are attuned. The project assists the coordination between the states and NASA and promotes communication on those issues. A related project objective is to encourage technical assistance opportunities for states that will promote better use of remote sensing and natural resources data in state programs.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 19-24
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    A land cover classification for Vermont (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A university project to develop land cover classification capabilities is discussed. Specific objectives were to: (1) demonstrate the feasibility of using LANDSAT data for resource management; (2) establish projects and meet state needs for specific resource information; and (3) assist state personnel in obtaining technical expertise in the processing and analysis of LANDSAT data.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 387-393
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  • 78
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    The Michigan data needs questionnaire (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The data needs questionnaire is an element in the project design study for the Michigan Resource Inventory Act and is aimed at gathering information on what inventory information is required by land use planners throughout the state. Analysis of questionnaire responses is discussed. Some information on current use categories was tabulated. The respondents selected a broad range of categories at all levels of detail. Those most frequently indicated were urban categories.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 377-386
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  • 79
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    The University of Vermont Remote Sensing Center (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The University of Vermont's remote sensing applications program is described. System capabilities include digital image processing and conventional photographic interpretation. Its expressed purpose is the identification of practical applications of remotely sensed data and its encouraged use in Earth resource management.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 373-376
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    Chittenden County, Vermont land cover project (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The testing of LANDSAT applicability to urban and agricultural land use analysis at the substate level is described. It is concluded that the LANDSAT system has a place in Vermont and places like it, but that the present operation is inadequate and the need for technology transfer and excellent communication between the producers and users is fundamental to the future of the system and for the realization of benefit from the investment.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 367-371
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  • 81
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    Procedures for analysis of spatial relationships among ship survey data and sea surface temperature (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The establishment of a limited spatial data base for the U.S. eastern seaboard vicinity is discussed along with the demonstration of computer assisted analysis techniques for investigating spatial patterns and relationships among ship survey data and remotely sensed sea surface temperature. Ship survey variables included concentrations of two zooplankton, two icthyoplankton, and two fish species, in addition to physical data of depth to bottom and surface and bottom water temperatures. Continuous spatial distributions of these data were created by both weighted nearest neighbor and iterative smoothing interpolation techniques. Maps of surface water temperature were created by digitizing GOES satellite images. All mapped data were spatially registered by conversion of latitude and longitude coordinates to rotated Lambert conic conformal rectilinear coordinates and stored in grid format of approximately one hundred square kilometers per cell. The analysis of these data include the generation of statistical summaries and maps describing the joint occurrence among variables.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 353-365
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  • 82
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    Remote sensing in the coastal zone: A perspective (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The problems involved in satellite remote sensing of coastal zones are examined. The differences between remote sensing of terrestrial regions and remote sensing of open ocean areas are reviewed. The associate ranges of time and spatial scales and spectral and radiometric resolution are considered. It is concluded that, in general remote sensing of the coastal region is more appropriately performed with aircraft.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 337-344
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    Lake classification in Vermont (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: In order to comply with the Federal Clean Water Act and, in so doing, develop a procedure to periodically update the classification, the State of Vermont evaluated the ability of LANDSAT to detect general water quality and specific water quality parameters in Vermont lakes. Unsupervised and supervised classifications as well as regression analyses were used to examine LANDSAT data from Lake Champlain and from four small nearby lakes. Unsupervised and supervised classifications were found to be of somewhat limited value. Regression analyses revealed a good correlation between depth-integrated total phosphorus concentrations and LANDSAT band 4 data (r2= 0.92) and between Secchi disk transparencies and LANDSAT band 4 data (r2 - 0.85). No correlation was found between depth-integrated chlorophyll-a samples and LANDSAT data. Vermont is expanding this LANDSAT evaluation to include the remaining lakes in the state greater than twenty acres and steps are being taken to incorporate LANDSAT into the state's ongoing water quality monitoring programs.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 345-351
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  • 84
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    The evaluation of alternate methodologies for land cover classification in an urbanizing area (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The usefulness of LANDSAT in classifying land cover and in identifying and classifying land use change was investigated using an urbanizing area as the study area. The question of what was the best technique for classification was the primary focus of the study. The many computer-assisted techniques available to analyze LANDSAT data were evaluated. Techniques of statistical training (polygons from CRT, unsupervised clustering, polygons from digitizer and binary masks) were tested with minimum distance to the mean, maximum likelihood and canonical analysis with minimum distance to the mean classifiers. The twelve output images were compared to photointerpreted samples, ground verified samples and a current land use data base. Results indicate that for a reconnaissance inventory, the unsupervised training with canonical analysis-minimum distance classifier is the most efficient. If more detailed ground truth and ground verification is available, the polygons from the digitizer training with the canonical analysis minimum distance is more accurate.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 325-336
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  • 85
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    Implementation of LANDSAT technology in the Commonwealth of Virginia (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A brief history of events which led to the formal implementation of LANDSAT technology in Virginia is outlined. The concept of the Commonwealth Data Base (CDB) is explained as it is perceived by the users and the systems development task force. Furthermore, the CDB organization which was established to implement the CDB concept in Virginia is covered.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 311-315
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  • 86
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    Implementation of statewide LANDSAT image processing capabilities (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Problems involved in establishing a LANDSAT image processing capability are discussed. Cost estimates and tradeoffs, association with geographic information systems, and hardware and software requirements are addressed.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 307-310
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  • 87
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    Remote sensing at the University of Massachusetts (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The projects, faculty, and computer resources involved in remote sensing research at the University of Massachusetts are discussed. Field instrumentation and technology transfers from other disciplines are also described.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 303-305
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  • 88
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    The integration of a LANDSAT analysis capability with a geographic information system (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The integration of LANDSAT data was achieved through the development of a flexible, compatible analysis tool and using an existing data base to select the usable data from a LANDSAT analysis. The software package allows manipulation of grid cell data plus the flexibility to allow the user to include FORTRAN statements for special functions. Using this combination of capabilities the user can classify a LANDSAT image and then selectivity merge the results with other data that may exist for the study area.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 283-302
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  • 89
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    Fundamental procedures of geographic information analysis (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Analytical procedures common to most computer-oriented geographic information systems are composed of fundamental map processing operations. A conceptual framework for such procedures is developed and basic operations common to a broad range of applications are described. Among the major classes of primitive operations identified are those associated with: reclassifying map categories as a function of the initial classification, the shape, the position, or the size of the spatial configuration associated with each category; overlaying maps on a point-by-point, a category-wide, or a map-wide basis; measuring distance; establishing visual or optimal path connectivity; and characterizing cartographic neighborhoods based on the thematic or spatial attributes of the data values within each neighborhood. By organizing such operations in a coherent manner, the basis for a generalized cartographic modeling structure can be developed which accommodates a variety of needs in a common, flexible and intuitive manner. The use of each is limited only by the general thematic and spatial nature of the data to which it is applied.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 269-281
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  • 90
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    Monitoring wetlands change using LANDSAT data (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A wetlands monitoring study was initiated as part of Delaware's LANDSAT applications demonstration project. Classifications of digital data are conducted in an effort to determine the location and acreage of wetlands loss or gain, species conversion, and application for the inventory and typing of freshwater wetlands. A multi-seasonal approach is employed to compare data from two different years. Unsupervised classifications were conducted for two of the four dates examined. Initial results indicate the multi-seasonal approach allows much better separation of wetland types for both tidal and non-tidal wetlands than either season alone. Change detection is possible but generally misses the small acreages now impacted by man.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 259-267
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  • 91
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    Ground water use inventory in Minnesota using LANDSAT data (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: An irrigation ground water use inventory in Sherburne County, Minnesota, was attempted by indirectly locating irrigation wells by determining the location of irrigated lands. Digital classification of LANDSAT MSS imagery was employed using the IDIMS at Goddard Space Flight Center. Single-date classification proved moderately successful after accurate ground truth data were obtained. A combination of supervised and unsupervised classification was used. Multitemporal analysis using August 10 and May 21, 1978 imagery was also attempted. This unsupervised classification proved most successful in identifying crops and irrigated fields.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 237-242
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    Statewide lake classification utilizing LANDSAT imagery for the state of Wisconsin (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A cooperative program between the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the University of Wisconsin-Madison resulted in the assessment of the trophic condition of approximately 3,000 significant inland lakes in Wisconsin. The feasibility of using both photographic and digital representations of LANDSAT multispectral scanner data for lake classification was investigated. The result was the development of a nearly automated system which, with minimal human interaction, locates and extracts the lake data, then corrects the data for atmospheric effects, and finally classifies all the significant lakes in the state as to trophic condition.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 219-236
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    Recent developments with the ORSER system (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Additions to the ORSER remote sensing data processing package are described. The ORSER package consists of about 35 individual programs that are grouped into preprocessing, data analysis, and display subsystems. Additional data formats and data management, data transformation, and geometric correlation programs were supplemented to the preprocessing subsystem. Enhancements to the data analysis techniques include a maximum likelihood classifier (MAXCLASS) and a new version of the STATS program which makes delineation of training areas easier and allows for detection of outlier points. Ongoing developments are also described.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 201-210
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  • 94
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    The use of LANDSAT by the states for water quality assessment (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The use of LANDSAT for water resources applications in U.S. state demonstration projects is reviewed. The most common single application undertaken between 1976 and 1981 was found to be water condition assessment. The majority of projects, however, fell into the general category of watershed hydrology. Some of the states are attempting to use LANDSAT data in an operational mode for water quality assessment. Two of these state projects from Vermont and Wisconsin are described in brief. The basic information requirements of Section 314 of the U.S. Pollution Control Act are given with the type of input LANDSAT data could potentially provide toward those requirements. Surveys were performed to determine: (1) how its states were responding in 1980 to 1981 to the federal and state water quality laws; and (2) the status of LANDSAT analysis capabilities of each state.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: 2d Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 211-218
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  • 95
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    Mapping sand and gravel pits in the Patuxent River watershed (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: LANDSAT data from July 1973 and June 1978 for the Patuxent River Watershed of Maryland were processed in an effort to devise an economical method of monitoring the reclamation of sand and gravel pits. ASTEP-II and IDIMS software were utilized to derive signatures for sand and gravel pits and other land use/land cover types. Both unsupervised and supervised classifications of the two data sets were produced. Resultant statistics and color output products were compared in order to determine the extent of reclamation and expansion of sand and gravel pits over the five-year time span and to check the locations of more recent sand and gravel pits. Preliminary results indicate that, for a selected northern sub-acre, signatures derived for sand and gravel pits were nearly 90 percent accurate.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 191-200
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  • 96
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    Application of LANDSAT data to monitor land reclamation progress in Belmont County, Ohio (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Strip and contour mining techniques are reviewed as well as some studies conducted to determine the applicability of LANDSAT and associated digital image processing techniques to the surficial problems associated with mining operations. A nontraditional unsupervised classification approach to multispectral data is considered which renders increased classification separability in land cover analysis of surface mined areas. The approach also reduces the dimensionality of the data and requires only minimal analytical skills in digital data processing.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 167-190
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    Application of remote sensing to land and water resource planning: The Pocomoke River Basin, Maryland (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Because of the size of the Pocomoke River Basin, the inaccessibility of certain areas, and study time constraints, several remote sensing techniques were used to collect base information on the river corridor, (a 23.2 km channel) and on a 1.2 km wooded floodplain. This information provided an adequate understanding of the environment and its resources, thus enabling effective management options to be designed. The remote sensing techniques used for assessment included manual analysis of high altitude color-infrared photography, computer-assisted analysis of LANDSAT-2 imagery, and the application of airborne oceanographic Lidar for topographic mapping. Results show that each techniques was valuable in providing the needed base data necessary for resource planning.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 157-166
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  • 98
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    Monitoring land conversions from forest/wetland to agriculture (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The utility of LANDSAT data in monitoring largescale land clearance and drainage activities in a forest/wetland environment in northern Minnesota was investigated. LANDSAT tapes from 1973, 1978 and 1980 were used in a multitemporal unsupervised land cover classification of the 9 x 15 mile site. Results show quite clearly and in a cost-effective manner, where the greatest activity occurred. It was also possible to integrate the LANDSAT data with other data available through the Land Management Information Center's geographic information system.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 139-146
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    Potential utility of the thematic mapper for surface mine monitoring (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: One of many potential applications of the thematic mapper (TM) is surface mine monitoring. To assess this potential, data acquired by an aircraft multispectral scanner over Pennsylvania surface mines were preprocessed to simulate the anticipated spectral, spatial, and radiometric characteristics of TM data. False color imagery and thematic maps were derived from the simulated data and compared to imagery and maps derived from LANDSAT multispectral scanner subsystems data. On the basis of this comparison, TM data should definitely increase the detail and accuracy of remotely acquired surface mine information and may enable the remote determination of compliance with reclamation regulations.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 129-138
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    ERRSAC contributions to the search for Appalachian hydrocarbons (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The utility of lineaments identified on LANDSAT imagery as an exploration tool in the search for hydrocarbons within three Appalachian test sites were assessed. The optimum LANDSAT imagery enhancement technique for displaying lineaments was identified. The LANDSAT lineament data were analyzed and results were correlated with oil and gas field information for each of three tests sites. Good correlations were found for several states. Successful techniques can be incorporated into a broader exploration model.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: 2nd Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 125-128
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