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  • Chromatographie, Dünnschicht  (30)
  • Development  (25)
  • Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption  (21)
  • Lysosomes
  • Springer  (88)
  • Cham :Springer International Publishing :
  • Frontiers Media SA
  • 2020-2024
  • 2020-2022
  • 1970-1974  (88)
  • 1974  (72)
  • 1971  (16)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (88)
  • Cham :Springer International Publishing :
  • Frontiers Media SA
Years
  • 2020-2024
  • 2020-2022
  • 1970-1974  (88)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and lysosomal histochemistry ofia rat osteoclasts (1974)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Lysosomes ; Bone ; Resorption ; Osteoclast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des techniques histochimiques de microscope photonique et électronique montrent que les ostéoclastes métaphysaires chez des rats “sans incisive” présentent des quantités plus importantes de phosphatase acide, d'acryl sulfatase et de trimétaphosphatase acide lysosomiales. L'activité en phosphatase lysosomiale à pH neutre est aussi plus élevée dans les ostéoclastes métaphysaires, sauf dans les cellules situées sous la métaphyse, où l'enzyme est absente. L'absence de résorption de la matrice organique semble en rapport avec l'absence de bordures en brosse et une absence d'enzyme lysosomiale extracellulaire. Malgré cette absence, une dissolution de cristaux inorganiques a été mise en évidence au microscope électronique, suggérant que la dissolution minérale est un processus distinct de la désintégration enzymatique de la matrice organique.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Histochemische Techniken für Licht- und Elektronenmikroskopie zeigten, daß metaphysäre Osteoklasten “Schneidezahl-loser” (SL) Ratten erhöhte Mengen von lysosomaler saurer Phosphatase, von Arylsulfatase und von saurer Trimetaphosphatase enthielten. Die Aktivität der lysosomalen Phosphatase bei neutralem pH war in den metaphysären Osteoklasten ebenfalls erhöht, außer in den Zellen direkt unterhalb der Wachstumsplatte, wo dieses Enzym nicht vorkam. Es konnte überhaupt keine Resorption der organischen Matrix festgestellt werden, was übereinzustimmen schien mit der Abwesenheit eines gekräuselten Saumes und einer gleichzeitigen Abwesenheit des extrazellulären lysosomalen Enzyms. Trotzdem wurde im Elektronenmikroskop das Verschwinden anorganischer Kristalle festgestellt, was darauf schließen läßt, daß die Auflösung des Minerals nicht derselbe Vorgang ist wie die enzymatische Auflösung der organischen Matrix.
    Notes: Abstract Histochemical techniques for light and electron microscopy showed that metaphyseal osteoclasts in “incisors absent” rats contained greater than normal amounts of lysosomal acid phosphatase, aryl sulfatase and acid trimetaphosphatase. Lysosomal phosphatase activity at neutral pH was also elevated in the metaphyseal osteoclasts except in those cells immediately beneath the growth plate, where this enzyme was absent. The failure of any discernable resorption of organic matrix appeared to correlate with the absence of a ruffled border and a concomittant absence of extracellular lysosomal enzyme. Despite this failure, electron microscopic evidence of inorganic crystal removal was noted, suggesting that mineral dissolution represents a separate process from the enzymatic breakdown of organic matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02060291
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mucopolysaccharides and collagen in prenatal and postnatal human development (1974)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 209-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Mucopolysaccharides ; Collagen ; Calvarium ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mucopolysaccharides (MPS) and collagen have been analyzed in different types of cartilage and some other tissues at various stages of prenatal and postnatal human development. The concentration of the chondroitin sulfate-type MPS increased from the 38th embryonal day, the 6-sulfate exceeding in amount the 4-sulfate. The increase in collagen concentration was accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of neutral salt-soluble collagen. There was no accumulation of chondroitin sulfates in the calvaria. A maximal concentration of MPS of a low molecular weight occurred in the skin and in the ear pinna after the 10th prenatal week. Postnatally, the MPS-concentration in the iliac crest and in the tibial articular cartilages decreased gradually, the highest values being reached in the newborn; the collagen-concentration showed an approximately reciprocal course.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02008228
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The custom fitting problem and the evolution of developmental systems (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 3 (1974), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: “Custom Fitting” ; Development ; Evolution ; Antibody response ; Genetic Redundancy ; Perturbation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary When the complexity of a developmental system evolves to a certain point, appreciable variation must occur in the process. The problem the biologist faces is whether this point constitutes a limit to the evolution of complexity in developmental systems. If not, what mechanisms are employed to cope with the problem ? The problem—essentially one in “custom fitting” of parts, — and the possible solution(s) to it that have evolved are discussed. The antibody producing system appears to be one that “solves” the custom-fitting problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01796556
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Naphthylamidase* in ameloblasts during enamel maturation (1971)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 7 (1971), S. 267-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Tech ; Development ; Enamel ; Enzyme ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'activité en naphtylamidase est étudiéc au niveau des incisives et molaires de rat, à divers stades de développement. Du L-leucyl-4-methoxy-2-naphtylamide, du L-alanyl-4-methoxy-2-naphtylamide, du L-leucyl-2-naphthylamide et du DL-alanyl-2-naphtylamide sont utilisés comme substrats: du bleu rapide B et du grenat rapide GBC sont employés comme sels de diazonium. Le naphtylamidase n'est pas visible au niveau de dents, en voie de dévelopment, au cours de la formation matricielle de l'émail. A la fin de ce stade, le naphtylamidase est présent au niveau de l'extrémité distale des améloblastes, près de la surface de l'émail. L'activité enzymatique reste identique jusqu'au moment de la fusion de l'épithélium dentaire et de l'épithélium buccal, au moment de l'éruption de la dent dans la cavité buccale. On ne rencontre pas de naphtylamidase au niveau d'autres tissues dentaires; cependant une activité marquée est observée dans les ostéoclastes au niveau des surfaces de résorption de l'os alvéolaire, entourant les dents, en voie de développement et d'éruption, et dans certaines régions du tissu conjonctif.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Aktivität der Naphthylamidase wurde in den Backen- und Schneidezähnen von Ratten in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstufen studiert. Als Substrate wurden L-leucyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamid, L-alanyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamid, L-leucyl-2-naphthylamid und DL-alanyl-2-naphthylamid verwendet; als Diazoniumsalze dienten Echtblau B und Echt-Granat GBC. Naphthylamidase konnte während der Schmelzmatrixbildung im Zahn nicht nachgewiesen werden. Nach Abschluß dieser Phase erschien Naphthylamidase in den distalen Enden der Ameloblasten, nahe bei der Schmelzoberfläche. Die Enzymtätigkeit blieb am selben Ort lokalisiert, bis das Zahnepithel, im Augenblick wo der Zahn in die Mundhöhle durchstößt, in das Mundepithel überging. Naphthylamidase wurde in anderen Zahngeweben nicht gefunden, aber eine deutliche Aktivität konnte in gewissen Bezirken des Bindegewebes sowie in den Osteoklasten der resorbierenden Oberflächen vom alveolären Knochen festgestellt werden, welcher die sich bildenden und die hervorstoßenden Zähne umgibt.
    Notes: Abstract Naphthylamidase activity was studied in rat molar and incisor teeth at different stages of development. L-leucyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide, L-alanyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide, L-leucyl-2-naphthylamide and DL-alanyl-2-naphthylamide were used as substrates and Fast blue B and Fast Garnet GBC as diazonium salts. Naphthylamidase was not demonstrable in the teeth during enamel matrix formation. After the termination of this stage, naphthylamidase was present in the ameloblasts in their distal ends close to the enamel surface. The enzyme activity retained this localization until the dental epithelium fused with the oral epithelium at the time of tooth eruption into the oral cavity. Naphthylamidase was not found in other dental tissues, but marked activity was found in osteoclasts at the resorbing surfaces of alveolar bone surrounding the developing and erupting teeth and in certain areas of the connective tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02062616
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth regulation inCoprinus radiatus (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 96 (1974), S. 353-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Coprinus ; Agaricaceae ; Mushroom ; Development ; Growth Regulator ; Stipe Growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Some of the morphological and physiological parameters of stipe growth or elongation inCoprinus radiatus were investigated. During the development of the fruit body the number of cells in a row in the growing portion of the stipe doubled during the development of the button, and again during the phase of rapid stipe elongation. Also during the stage of rapid elongation the cells in the upper 2/3 of the stipe increased 6–8 fold in length. The existence of a growth regulator synthesized in the cap and exerting control over the stipe was demonstrated through decapitation experiments. The cap appears to be required for normal stipe development until the stipe reaches about 1/4 of its final length. Through decapitation and cap-stipe exchanges it was found that the cap produced growth regulator up to the time of autodigestion; however, the stipe responded to the regulator only during a brief period at the onset of elongation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00590190
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of sporophore development in the myxomyceteProtophysarum phloiogenum (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 99 (1974), S. 331-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Myxomycetes ; Ultrastructure ; Development ; Systematics ; Food Vacuoles ; Stalk Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations of sporophore development in fresh and glutaraldehydeosmium sequentially-fixed material ofProtophysarum phloiogenum show the following sequence. Small plasmodia cease streaming and round up. Food vacuoles collect in the lower center of the cytoplasmic mass. As the cytoplasm rises the food vacuolar contents are excluded from the plasmalemma and become the stalk core. A continuous, fibrous peridium and stalk tube enclose cytoplasm and stalk core respectively. Capillitial formation just precedes spore cleavage. Sporophore development is marked by autophagic activity and calcium deposition. Stalks of dried herbarium specimens of seven additional species have been examined. A mature stalk morphology very similar toProtophysarum with recognizable remnants of microorganismal food material is seen in all of them. It is thought that this marker is indicative of non-stemonitaceous stalk development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696247
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endocytosis and the adaptive acid hydrolases in Tetrahymena pyriformis GL (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 115-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Endocytosis ; Tetrahymena ; Lysosomes ; Exocytosis ; Acid Hydrolases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Endocytosis of yeast cells by Tetrahymena pyriformis GL for a period of 2.5 h produced changes in cellular acid hydrolases. Acid phosphatase, acid deoxyribonuclease and acid proteinase activities were markedly increased, whereas there was a decrease in acid ribonuclease activity and little change in α-glucosidase activity. These alterations do not appear to be due to any alteration in the rates of secretion of these enzymes into the milieu. Evidence is presented that the cellular enzyme increases found upon endocytosis of yeast reflect changes in lysosomal enzymes, because it was shown that the acid phosphatase activity increase resulted in an increased amount of latent enzyme within the cell. The results also support the idea that there are at least 3 distinct populations of lysosomes, in addition to phagolysosomes, present in Tetrahymena pyriformis GL, with different modes of formation. There appears to be a large excess of lysosomes, uncombined with phagosomes, present in these fed cells since latency averaged 66% in broken-cell preparations which contained very few intact phagolysosomes. The phagolysosomal acid phophatase activity cannot account for more than 34% of that present in the cell. The endocytosis of yeast in the presence of growth medium resulted in a marked drop in the rate of cell division as compared to cells growing in the growth medium alone. The results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425274
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Die Bedeutung von Adenosin-3′,5′-monophosphat für die entwicklung vonAcanthamoeba castellanii (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 99 (1974), S. 155-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: cAMP ; Acanthamoeba ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch drei verschiedene Methoden wurde in Kulturen vonAcanthamoeba castellanii die stationäre Wachstumsphase, in deren Verlauf sich Trophozoiten zu Cysten entwickeln, induziert: Durch Nahrungsmangel, indem Amöben der logarithmischen Wachstumsphase in ein nährstofffreies Medium überführt wurden, durch Sauerstoffmangel, indem Kulturen zu großer Zelldichte heranwuchsen, und durch Hemmung der mitochondrialen DNS-Synthese, indem Kulturen der logarithmischen Phase mit Äthidiumbromid versetzt wurden. Unabhängig von den Encystierungsbedingungen nimmt die intracelluläre Konzentration von Adenosin-3′,5′-monophosphat (cAMP) bei Verminderung der Zellteilungsrate bis zu Beginn der stationären Wachstumsphase um das 2–3 fache zu. Die Ergebnisse deuten an, daß der Anstieg von intracellulärem cAMP auf eine Erhöhung der Adenylat-Cyclase- und nicht auf eine Verminderung der Phosphodiesterase-Aktivität zurückzuführen ist. Extracelluläres cAMP konnte weder in Kulturen der logarithmischen noch in Kulturen der stationären Phase nachgewiesen werden. Dies ist vermutlich auf die extracellulär vorhandene cAMP-Phosphodiesterase zurückzuführen. Die Tatsache, daß auch durch Theophyllin die stationäre Wachstumsphase und Encystierung induziert werden kann, läßt auf eine Beteiligung von cAMP an den Entwicklungsprozessen, speziell an dem Abbau von Glykogen, schließen.
    Notes: Abstract In cultures ofacanthamoeba castellanii the stationary growth phase in which trophozoites develop to cysts, was induced in three ways: by transferring cells from a logarithmic growing culture into a nutrient-free medium, by growth in nutrient medium to high cell density and by inhibition of the mitochondrial DNA synthesis with ethidium bromide. In all cases, the intracellular concentration of adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) rises by a factor of two to three from the end of the logarithmic phase to the beginning of the stationary phase. The results show that this rise may be more a consequence of an increased adenylate cyclase activity than of a diminished cAMP phosphodiesterase activity. No extracellular cAMP could be measured in cultures of the logarithmic and stationary growth phase, perhaps because of the extracellular cAMP phosphodiesterase. Because theophylline also induces the stationary phase and encystation, cAMP seems to be of importance for the development ofAcanthamoeba castellanii, especially for the degradation of glycogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696231
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Adenosinphosphat-System während Wachstum und Entwicklung von Acanthamoeba castellanii (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 101 (1974), S. 391-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Adenosinephosphate System ; Energy Charge ; Acanthamoeba ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Konzentration von Adenosintri-, Adenosindi- und Adenosinmonophosphat wurde in Acanthamoeba castellanii währed der logarithmischen Wachstumsphase und der stationären Wachstumsphase, in deren Verlauf sich Trophozoiten zu Cysten entwickeln, bestimmt. Der Entwicklungsprozess wurde durch drei verschiedene Methoden hervorgerufen: Durch Wachstum im Nährmedium zu großer Zelldichte, durch Überführen von Amöben der logarithmischen Wachstumsphase in ein nährstoffreies Salzmedium und durch Versetzen logarithmisch wachsender Amöben mit Äthidiumbromid. In allen Fällen wird der Adenosinphosphat-Gehalt in den Zellen im Laufe der Entwicklung um etwa 85% reduziert, wozu besonders die Abnahme des ATP-Gehaltes beiträgt. Die Adenosinphosphat-“energy charge” beträgt in logarithmisch wachsenden Amöben 0,83. Im Laufe der Entwicklung wird sie je nach Encystierungsbedingungen auf unterschiedlichen Werten stabilisiert (zwischen 0,58 und 0,81). Die Möglichkeit eines Zusammenhanges von Konzentrationsveränderungen der Adenosinphosphate und entwicklungsspezifischen Prozessen wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The concentration of adenosine tri-, adenosine di-, and adenosine monophosphate in cells of Acanthamoeba castellanii was measured during the logarithmic growth phase and the stationary growth phase in which trophozoites were transformed into cysts. This developmental process was induced in three ways: by growth in nutrient medium to high cell density, by transferring cells in the logarithmic phase into a nutrient-free medium, and by mixing logarithmically growing cells with ethidium bromide. In all cases, encystment is accompanied with a reduction of total adenosine phosphate content to about 85%, mainly because of a depletion of cellular ATP. The value of the adenosine phosphate energy charge in logarithmically growing amoebae is 0.83. During development the energy charge becomes stabilized at different values (between 0.58 and 0.81), characteristic to the mode of encystation. A possible functional relationship between changes of the adenosine phosphate concentration and developmental processes of the amoeba is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455955
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etudes sur l'épicuticule des insectes (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 112 (1971), S. 97-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insects ; Epicuticle secretion ; Golgi system ; Lysosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les modifications cytologiques des cellules épidermiques sécrétant la cuticule sternale et pleurale de l'adulte deT. molitor sont étudiées pendant la formation et l'évolution de l'épicuticule externe et interne. L'épicuticule externe et interne sont sécrétées de la même façon par condensation de matériel diffus au-dessus de l'apex des microvillosités. Un cycle hétérolytique est mis en évidence par l'emploi de peroxydase injectée dans l'espace exuvial: la peroxydase est captée par de grosses vésicules revêtues et incorporée dans des corps multivésiculaires apicaux. Par comptage des différentes populations de vésicules, des variations nettes dans l'intensité de la pinocytose sont mises en évidence. Ces variations semblent en rapport non pas avec la digestion de l'ancienne cuticule mais avec les différences de nature et de structure des composants cuticulaires. L'hypothèse du contrôle de la sécrétion épidermique par les phénomènes de pinocytose énoncée par Locke (1969) est confirmée. Des vésicules d'origine golgiennes sont secrétées surtout après la formation de l'épicuticule et ne sont donc pas à l'origine du matériel épicuticulaire, mais il est possible qu'elles jouent un rôle dans l'évolution ultérieure des structures épicuticulaires.
    Notes: Summary The cytological modifications of the epidermal cells secreting sternal and pleural cuticle of adultTenebrio are studied, specially during the formation and evolution of the outer and inner epicuticle. Both layers are secreted by condensation of diffuse material just above the epidermal microvilli. There is no peculiar phase without microvilli when inner epicuticle is formed. During the secretion of pre-ecdysial cuticle, the epidermal cell is characterized by an heterolytic process which is demonstrated by peroxidase injection into the ecdysial space: horseradish peroxidase is absorbed by large pinocytic coated vesicles which discharge their content into multivesicular bodies, after the loss of their coat. The intensity of pinocytosis is studied by vesicles counts at different stages of the pupal life. These counts show a pinocytic peak when the inner epicuticle is formed. When the epicuticular barrier is completely secreted, exogenous peroxidase is no more absorbed, but morphological study and counts show that pinocytosis still occurs. This demonstrates that epidermis cannot absorb macromolecules arising from the digested old cuticle since digestion occurs after the completion of adult epicuticle. Locke's hypothesis about the “control of the extracellular subcuticular environment” by pinocytosis is confirmed. The Golgi complexes are involved in lytic process with their small coated vesicles and in secretion of cuticular material with their large dense secretory vesicles, but according to vesicle counts, the secretory vesicles are not concerned in epicuticle formation since their apparition is posterior to the deposition of the inner epicuticle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665624
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Histochemistry and electron microscopy of follicle lining reticular cells in the rat spleen (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 115 (1971), S. 524-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen ; Rat-Marginal sinus ; Reticuloendothelial system ; Lysosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the rat spleen cells are found staining with aldehyde fuchsin (AF-cells). Most of these cells are localized at the periphery of the follicles, at the inner border of the marginal sinus. They probably develop in situ. Comparable cells occur in other lymphoid organs. They are able to phagocytize, and resemble also histochemically red pulp macrophages. The aldehydefuchsinophilic granules do not stain for mucopolysaccharides. On the ultrastructural level the aldehydefuchsinophilic granules are represented by cytoplasmic bodies with a faintly granulated matrix. Because of their single membrane and the varying positive reaction on acid phosphatase these bodies are considered to be secondary lysosomes or residual bodies. They contain different materials of unknown endogenous origin. In non-immunized animals the AF-cells fail to show the characteristic dendritic protrusions and infoldings of antigen trapping cells. The cells possess some characteristics of reticular cells e.g. association with reticulin, and electron dense patches on the innerside of the cell membrane at the contact areas. They can be classified among the phagocytic reticular cells forming part of the metalophilic cells in the spleen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335718
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Functional aspects of lysosomal organelles in blood platelets (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 118 (1971), S. 283-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Blood platelets ; Lysosomes ; Acid phosphatase ; Aggregation ; Cell fractionation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aufgrund biophysikalischer, biochemischer und ultrastruktureller Eigenschaften lassen sich in intakten oder fraktionierten Blutplättchen von Mensch und Schwein verschiedene Funktionstypen von alpha-Granulomer unterscheiden. Ein elektronen dichter, oft Mikrotubuli aufweisender Typ ist durch Zentrifugation von einem helleren mit fibrillärer Streifung abzusetzen. Außerdem läßt sich eine Fraktion vesikulärer Strukturen darstellen. Bei biochemischer Analyse ist die Hauptmenge der lysosomalen Hydrolasen Cathepsin und beta-Glucuronidase mit dem weniger dichten Typ der alpha-Granula vergesellschaftet, während sich der Hauptteil der sauren Phosphatase in der Vesikelfraktion befindet. Zytotopochemisch erscheint dieses Enzym immer strukturgebunden, sowohl an beiden Typen von alpha-Granula, als auch in den Vesikeln. Das Vesikelsystem spielt bei der Stoffaufnahme in Plättchen eine Rolle und wird auch als gamma-Granulomer, surface connected system oder canaliculäres System bezeichnet. Bei der Degranulation der Plättchen wird — wie die Enzymlokalisation in diesem Falle zeigt — Granulainhalt über das vesikuläre System in das Außenmedium abgegeben. Saure Phosphatase kann auch in Phagozytosevakuolen nachgewiesen werden. Elektronenoptisch läßt sich der Übergang von alpha-Granula in vesikuläre Strukturen erkennen. Die Befunde zeigen, daß zwischen alpha-Granula und Vesikelsystem enge Beziehungen bestehen. Zusammen bilden sie eine funktionelle Einheit, die neben der Stoffaufnahme auch die Funktion der Abgabe von Substanzen aus den Plättchen erfüllt. Schließlich findet die Digestion aufgenommener Stoffe dort statt.
    Notes: Summary Biochemical and ultrastructural findings from intact and fractionated pig and human blood platelets indicate the presence of different types of alpha granules. An electron dense type can be distinguished from a lighter one with a fibrillar matrix. The major part of the lysosomal hydrolases beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin is associated with the lighter granules. Most of the acid phosphatase appears in the vesicle fraction. The ultracytochemical investigation shows the acid phosphatase bound to both types of granules or vesicles. This enzyme is visible in the narrow spaces between the outer membranes of aggregated thrombocytes. Furthermore, there can be seen the transformation of alpha granules into vesicles and vesicles, which contain acid phosphatase releasing their contents into the extracellular medium. Thus the significance of the vesicle system for the release of substances out of the platelet seems to be proved. From this point of view the different types could be considered as alpha granules in different functional stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341571
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  • 13
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    The structure of the terminal sensilla on the maxillary palps of Locusta migratoria (L.), and changes associated with moulting (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 48-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chemoreceptor ; Locusta ; Fine structure ; Development ; Moulting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The basic structure of the terminal sensilla of Locusta migratoria resembles that of Schistocerca gregaria. There are commonly six or ten neurons whose dendrites extend almost to the opening of the peg. Proximally the dendrites are clothed by a neurilemma cell which also encloses a basal cavity through which their ciliary region passes. The tormogen cell encloses the receptor-lymph cavity and actively secretes material into it. The receptor-lymph cavity and the basal cavity are quite separate. The development of new pegs at a moult is described. After apolysis the scolopale extends across the subcuticular space and protects the dendrites, which remain in a functional condition until shortly before ecdysis. As the trichogen cell grows out to form a new peg the tip is surrounded by a mass of electron-dense material, probably derived from the receptorlymph cavity. The function of this material is unknown. Regeneration of the dendrites is considered. The possible mechanism by which the tip of the peg opens and closes is considered and the general structure of the organule is discussed in relation to functioning.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330916
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  • 14
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    Structure and development of the tracheal organ in the mesothoracic leg of the cricket Teleogryllus commodus (Walker) (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 325-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chordotonal (Tracheal) organ ; Teleogryllus commodus (Orthoptera) ; Hearing ; Development ; Structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tracheal organ of the mesothoracic tibia of Teleogryllus is located in a corresponding position to the tympanal organ of the prothoracic tibia. The mesothoracic organ contains an average of only 12 scolopidia, the location of which corresponds to that of the proximal group A and proximal main group in the prothoracid tympanal organ. There are no scolopidia corresponding to the distal group of the tympanal organ. The variability in number of scolopidia is much greater in the mesothoracic organ than in the prothoracic organ. The adult tracheal system of the mesothoracic leg resembles the early nymphal tracheal system in both pro- and meso-thoracic legs. The development of the tracheal organ is usually complete by the sixth instar. The mesothoracic tracheal organ of the adult is broadly equivalent to the prothoracic tympanal organ of a fifth instar animal.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307468
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  • 15
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    Ultrastructure of synaptosomes from one-day old and adult rat brain stem (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 535-550 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synaptosomes ; Rat brain stem ; Synaptogenesis ; Development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure and protein content of the five subfractions of the crude mitochondrial fraction from the brain stem of the 1-day old and adult rat was examined. The morphological composition of the subfractions after fixation in glutaraldehyde and osmiumtetroxide in the adult rat brain stem resembled that previously reported for the whole brain; synaptosomes sedimented in a sucrose gradient in subfractions C and D. In the 1-day old rat, mature synaptosomes were found in subfractions A, B, C and D; E contained mainly free mitochondria. 80–95% of the processes in the adult and 10–30% in the 1-day old rat contained synaptic vesicles which were of four types: (1) small agranular vesicles (2) large dense core vesicles (3) large agranular vesicles (4) coated vesicles. Pre- and postsynaptic membrane thickenings were demonstrated in many nerve-ending particles. In the subfractions of the 1-day old rat the protein content was one half and the distribution resembled that in the adult. Evidently nerve endings develop faster in the brain stem than in cortical areas; a serotoninor adrenergic origin of the early synaptosomes is suggested.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221937
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  • 16
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    Acinar ultrastructure of the submandibular gland of Mus musculus during embryonic development (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 425-442 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glandula submandibularis (Mouse) ; Acinar ultrastructure ; Cell types ; Development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the submandibular gland of the mouse was studied by means of electron microscopy, from the 14th day of gestation up to birth. In the first two days the acini are solid and their cells contain polyribosomes and a few lamellae of endoplasmic reticulum. Beginning with the 16th day secretory granules appear and rapidly fill an increasing number of cells. The different electron density of the granules makes it possible to distinguish 1. two types of granules, dense and pale, and sometimes intermediate ones, 2. “polymorphic” granules. The latter consists of electron dense and electron pale parts combined in different configurations. The possible significance of the various types of granules is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225967
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  • 17
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    Studies on the juxtaglomerular apparatus (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 433-456 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus (Rat) ; Development ; Renin ; Pools ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die perinatale Entwicklung des juxtaglomerulären Apparates, insbesondere das Verhalten der epitheloiden Zellen wurde an 18 trächtigen Ratten and 65 Embryonen bzw. Jungtieren elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Parallel dazu wurde die Reninkonzentration bzw. der Reningehalt bestimmt. Spezifische Sekretgranula finden sich erstmals am 18. Tag der Fetalzeit, und zwar in den epitheloiden Zellen des juxtaglomerulären Apparates juxtamedullärer Nephrone. Die Granula machen einen Struktur- und wahrscheinlich auch Funktionswandel durch, der eine Einteilung in drei verschiedene Granulatypen nahelegt. Diesen drei Typen spezifischer (reninhaltiger) Sekretgranula werden die Lysosomen als unspezifische Einschlüsse der epitheloiden Zellen gegenübergestellt. Im einzelnen kommt es während der perinatalen Phase in den fetalen Epitheloidzellen zuerst, d.h. pränatal, zu einer Hypertrophie des rauhwandigen endoplasmatischen Retikulums und des Golgi-Apparates. Hierin sehen die Autoren einen Hinweis auf eine erhöhte Proteinsynthese mit entsprechender Zunahme der Transport- und Konzentrationsvorgänge. Nach der Geburt findet sich dann auch eine deutliche Zunahme der Sekretgranula vom Typ III, die als reife Reningranula (mature granules) angesehen werden. Die bisher noch nicht beschriebenen kleinen Sekretgranula vom Typ I dagegen kommen in weniger entwickelten Epitheloidzellen häufiger vor. Bestimmungen der Reninverteilung zwischen Zytoplasma und den durch Differential-zentrifugation gewonnenen Granula-Fraktionen ergeben auffallende Parallelen zu den morphologischen Befunden. Diese sprechen im allgemeinen dafür, daß “freies Renin” im Ergasto-plasma und “gebundenes Renin” in den Sekretgranula vorliegt. Mit zunehmendem Alter scheint es außerdem — parallel zur relativen Abnahme des Ergastoplasmas und Zunahme der reifen Reningranula — zu einer Verminderung des extragranulären zugunsten des granulär gebundenen Renins zu kommen.
    Notes: Summary The perinatal development of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), with particular reference to the epithelioid cells, was studied. Electron microscopic studies were carried out on 18 gravid rats and 65 embryos with corresponding determinations of renin concentration and the renin contents by bio-assay. Specific secretory granules of the epithelioid cells of the JGA of juxtamedullary nephrons are first observed on the 18th day of gestation. The classification into three types of secretory granules suggests that they undergo a structural and probably also a functional transformation. All three types of secretory granule may be regarded as specific, renin-containing, cytoplasmic organelles. During the last days of gestation, the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus become hypertrophied in epithelioid cells, indicating an increased protein synthesis as well as transport and concentration processes. After birth, there is a definite increase in the number of Type III secretory granules-which may be regarded as mature granules. The small Type I secretory granulesnot previously described-are found more frequently in the immature epithelioid cells. Determinations of the renin distribution in the plasma and in fractions of cytoplasmic constituents (total homogenate, secretory granules) prepared by differential centrifugation showed striking congruence with the morphological findings. It is generally assumed that “soluble renin” occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and “bound renin” in secretory granules. A shift from extragranular to granular (bound) renin, occurs with increasing age, having its morphological equivalent in the relative decrease of the endoplasmic reticulum and increase in mature secretory granules.
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  • 18
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    The differentiation of intrafusal fibre types in rat muscle spindles after motor denervation (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 115-136 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle spindles ; Intrafusal fibre types ; Development ; De-efferentation ; Utrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hind limb muscles were de-efferented in 19 new-born rats by removal of the lumbosacral spinal cord, with preservation of spinal ganglia and their peripheral branches. The juxtaequatorial and polar zones of muscle spindles were studied in different leg muscles 3 to 9 weeks after the operation in order to establish whether intrafusal fibre types would become differentiated after permanent motor denervation. De-efferented intrafusal fibres developed into distinct ultrastructural fibre types similar to those found in control muscles. The nuclear bag type had confluent myofibrils with ill-defined M lines and relatively few mitochondria. The nuclear chain type had discrete myofibrils with prominent M lines, numerous large mitochondria and a more developed sarcotubular system. The fibre type characteristics were sometimes blurred by disarranged cross striation, but they were clearly discernible in 59 out of 69 de-efferented fibres of 31 spindles investigated in the electron microscope. A sample of 220 de-efferented spindles from leg muscles of 6 rats was examined in the light microscope on transverse sections stained for ATPase activity. The difference in the ATPase activity among intrafusal fibre types was marked in about 70% spindles; in contrast to this, no distinct fibre types could be discerned in the population of extrafusal fibres which were stained rather uniformly. In de—efferented spindles-as in normal control spindlesnuclear chain fibres always exhibited high ATPase activity, whereas one of the nuclear bag fibres had low ATPase and the other either low or medium to high ATPase activity. However, the ATPase activity of de-efferented muscles was generally lower than that of normal muscles. It can be concluded that intrafusal fibres do acquire their fibre type characteristics after fusimotor denervation despite complete deprivation of nerve impulse activity during the postnatal period when intrafusal fibre types differentiate in normal spindles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225450
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  • 19
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    Ageing of mouse liver lysosomes (1974)
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    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 455-473 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lysosomes ; Liver ; Ageing ; Exocytosis ; Thorotrast ; Electron microscopy, Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lysosomes in mouse liver parenchymal cells have been marked by intravenous injection of Thorotrast. They were subsequently followed in a time sequence from five hours up to sixteen weeks after injection. At two days after injection the majority of the lysosomes was heavily loaded with marker particles, while endocytosis was no longer observed. From six days after injection Thorotrast was partly accumulated in very large lysosomes (conglomerates) with mean diameters up to 2.5 μm. As the time after injection advanced the Thorotrast content of the cells was reduced while most of the remaining marker substance became concentrated in the conglomerates. Many Thorotrast conglomerates were shown to contain acid phosphatase and some of them were able to fuse with functionally younger lysosomes which were marked with colloidal gold. Morphometric analysis showed an increase in the volume density of the dense body population between 0 and 2 days after injection, followed by a decrease between 2 and 11 days. The observed decrease is probably caused by exocytosis of the contents of Thorotrast containing lysosomes in bile capillaries.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227009
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  • 20
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    Structure, development and function of the protonephridia in trochophores of Pomatoceros triqueter (Annelida, Polychaeta, Sedentaria) (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1974), S. 21-33 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Protonephridium ; Pomatoceros triqueter (Annelida, Polychaeta, Sedenta-ria) ; Terminal cell ; Channel cell ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary During the development of the intermediate and late gastrula of Pomatoceros triqueter, the terminal and channel cells grow towards each other and form the protonephridium. They interdigitate through lateral microvilli. The junctions between the cells form filtration clefts, which are bridged by fibrils.
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  • 21
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    Production and fates of unique organelles (transosomes) in ovarian follicles of Gallus domesticus under various conditions (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1974), S. 47-59 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Avian follicles ; Oocytes ; Transosomes ; Lysosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy has been utilized to determine fates of sacs of ribosomes (variously termed “transosomes”, “unique organelles”, or “lining bodies”) formed in the follicular cells of avian follicles and subsequently entering-or being taken in-by the oocytes. Small follicles (0.5 mm diameter) of laying hens, a hen afflicted with Marek's disease and prelaying pullets were examined in this regard. In the case of the hen with Marek's disease and the prelaying pullets, sacs of ribosomes were found to be present within the oocyte but those present in the interior of the cell were in the form of digestive vacuoles. In a fourth group of hens, receiving actinomycin D, larger oocytes (2.0 mm diameter) exhibited breakdown of the membranous vesicles in which the sacs of ribosomes entered the oocyte, as well as dissolution of membranes surrounding the forming yolk granules and the membranes of coated vesicles. Annulate lamellae were present in oocytes of the hen afflicted with Marek's disease and appeared within at least 24 hours in oocytes from hens receiving actinomycin D.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220101
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    Ultrastructure of the lamina propria in the ovine seminiferous tubule (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 481-492 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Seminiferous tubule, ovine ; Lamina propria ; Development ; Endocrine factors ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the lamina propria in the ovine seminiferous tubule was studied from 54 days (postcoitum) fetuses up to sexual maturity. In young animals (aged about two months) the effect of hypophysectomy and/or hormones was also analyzed. Initially, large areas of the lamina propria already show signs of morphological differentiation. The non cellular component is a single or sometimes double lamella. Outwardly, the cellular component is represented by rounded connective tissue cells or by elongated cells, exhibiting 80 Å filaments in the cytoplasm and arranged in 3 to 4 layers. By the first week after birth, the non cellular component is formed by 8 to 10 lamellae and the cellular component shows typical contractile cells, the fibroblasts being now located only in the periphery. Basically, the same aspect is found in the adult ram, thus differing from the more extensively studied prototypes of lamina propria architecture of rodents or primates. In as much as the sheep lamina propria differentiates precociously, probably induced by fetal testicular hormones, it is relatively insensitive to hypophysectomy or hormonal substitution. Hypophysectomy and cyproterone acetate administration cause intracytoplasmic lipid deposition in the contractile cells, the other components being not changed. Some questions are raised concerning the role of this peculiar lamina propria in the function of the blood-testis barrier.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225971
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  • 23
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    Development of secondary lamellae of the gills of the trout, Salmo gairdneri (Richardson) (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 509-523 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gill ; Trout ; Secondary lamellae ; Development ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A light and electron microscope study of secondary lamellae of trout developing at 10° C is described. Collagen is secreted by mesenchyme cells in the connective tissue of the developing gill filament. This becomes enclosed in infoldings around the peripheries of mesenchyme cells. These cells become aligned in a single plane within folds of basement membrane and epithelium. The basement membrane of opposite sides of the fold becomes connected by a thick layer of collagen. Blood spaces form around the margin of the fold, connecting afferent and efferent filament blood vessels. Endothelial granules form in cells lining the outer border of the marginal channel when blood flow begins. Rows of pillar cells separate from the proximal layer of mesenchyme cells as the secondary lamellae develops further. New secondary lamellae are added at the filament tips. At 28 days, the basement membrane consists of 2 layers, a fine fibrous layer and 5–15 orthogonally arranged layers of collagen fibres. By 31 days, the collagen is arranged at random and the layer is thinner. A clear layer is also present by 67 days. A multilayered epithelium containing mucous and chloride cells is present at 28 days. By 102 days, the secondary lamellae are covered by 2 layers of epithelial cells only. Chloride cells are present in much greater numbers in developing gills than in the adult.
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    The ultrastructure of the human fetal pineal gland (1974)
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    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 13-30 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human fetal pineal gland ; Development ; Secretion ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the pineal gland of 18 human fetuses (crown-rump lengths 30–178 mm) was investigated. The pineal gland exhibits a pyramidal shape and consists of an anterior and posterior lobe. Only one parenchymal cell type, the pinealocyte, was observed. Few neuroblasts were seen between the pinealocytes and in the extended perivascular space. The pinealocytes possess all the organelles necessary for hormone synthesis. No specific secretory granule could be observed. The organ is abundantly vascularized and richly innervated. The morphology of the capillaries indicates the existence of a blood-brain barrier. The ultrastructure of the human fetal pineal gland suggests that the gland has a secretory function in early intrauterine life.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224208
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  • 25
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    Morphologische, histochemische und experimentelle Untersuchungen an den parafollikulären Zellen der Schilddrüse (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 112 (1971), S. 247-265 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Parafollicular cells (C-cells) ; Secretory cycle ; Ca-Metabolism ; Lysosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die parafollikulären Zellen der Rattenschilddrüse zeigen eine vom jeweiligen Funktionszustand abhängige Feinstruktur: 1. Zellen mit zahlreichen Granula, einem ausgeprägten Golgi-Apparat, gering entwickeltem granuliertem endoplasmatischem Retikulum und manchmal einigen dichten Körpern mit myelinähnlichen Figuren. 2. Zellen mit wenigen Granula und einem stark entwickelten endoplasmatischen Retikulum mit erweiterten Zisternen; diese Zellen können das Lumen des Follikels erreichen. 3. Einige degranulierte Zellen. — In den Schilddrüsen-Follikeln des Hundes konnten wir nur die ersten beiden Zellformen, aber keine degranulierten parafollikulären Zellen beobachten. Nach Ca++-Injektion findet man als Zeichen der Funktionsabhängigkeit der Feinstruktur eine Zunahme der Zellen mit stark entwickeltem endoplasmatischem Retikulum und nur geringer Granulation. Die dichten Körper mit myelinähnlichen Figuren zeigen saure Phosphataseaktivität. Es handelt sich deshalb wahrscheinlich um Restkörper, die aus Autolysosomen entstanden sind. Trotzdem zeigt sich nach Zufuhr von Ca++ und anschließender EDTA-Gabe keine eindeutige Zunahme der Lysosomenzahl. Zwischen follikulären und parafollikulären Zellen sind Axonanschnitte zu finden.
    Notes: Summary The parafollicular cells of the thyroid of the rat show different fine structures most likely in relation with different functional states: 1. Some cells contain numerous secretory granules, a well developed Golgi complex, a moderately developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and some dense bodies containing myelin figures. 2. Other parafollicular cells have few granules and a strongly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum with enlarged cisternes. They sometimes reach the lumen of the follicle. 3. Finally, a few parafollicular cells appear degranulated.—In dogs the degranulated parafollicular cells could not be observed. Following administration of Ca++ ions there is an increase of cells with strongly developed endoplasmic reticulum and only few granules. The dense bodies with myelin figures show acid phosphatase activity. Most likely they are residual bodies derived from autolysosomes. However, EDTA after stimulation of the cells by Ca++ does not significantly increase the number of parafollicular cells containing autolysosomes. Axons can be found between follicular and parafollicular cells.
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    Fine structure of the pterin layer in the dermis of Rana pipiens (1971)
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    Cell & tissue research 113 (1971), S. 558-563 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pterin layer ; Pigmentation ; Dermis ; Development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the pterin layer was investigated in both wild type Rana pipiens and Rana pipiens homozygous for the speckle mutant gene. No difference in morphology of the layer was noted between the wild type and mutant. The layer lines the outer surface of the stratum compactum of the dermis and separates this stratum from the stratum spongiosum. The pterin layer consists of extra-cellular material and contains membrane-bounded granules filled with fine spicules. Many of the spicules are somewhat similar in appearance to the initial calcification loci present in developing membrane bone. The layer first appears in the tadpole at approximately stage 14 (Taylor and Kollros, 1946); subsequent developmental stages are described.
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    Ultrastructural observations on the postnatal development of the rat prostate (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 113 (1971), S. 157-173 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prostate ; Development ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The postnatal development of the rat prostate has been studied with the electron microscope. Major developmental changes begin during the second week after birth and involve organelles associated with the formation of secretions. The amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum and the size of the Golgi complex increase greatly. Large vacuoles that probably contain secretory material are formed, and the lumen of the prostatic acini appears to contain secreted material. Large lysosomes with polymorphic interiors are present as early as 10 days after birth, and they become numerous by the end of the third week. Differences in fine structure between the different lobes of the prostate are detectable in 10–14 day old rats. The subsequent differentiation of the granular endoplasmic reticulum into the forms characteristic of the different prostatic lobes is described. The initial changes in the prostate occur in advance of sexual maturity of the animal, and the adult appearance of the gland is attained by 4–5 weeks after birth.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339413
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    Über die Mikrovillibildung im fetalen Rattendünndarm (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 114 (1971), S. 546-556 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microvilli ; Small intestine ; Brush border ; Development ; Golgi apparatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Frage, auf welche Weise die Enterocyten des fetalen Rattendünndarms das für die Mikrovillibildung benötigte Membranmaterial liefern, wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Es wird angenommen, daß hufeisenförmige Strukturen, die aus mit elektronendichtem Material bedeckten Elementarmembranen bestehen und möglicherweise Längsschnitten durch kappenförmige Gebilde entsprechen, in das apicale Plasmalemm eingebaut werden und für die Bildung der Mikrovillispitzen verantwortlich sind. Diese Annahme gründet sich in erster Linie auf die Feststellung eines nahezu identischen Durchmessers von „Hufeisen“ und Mikrovilli, auf die Lokalisation der „Hufeisen“ im Terminalgespinst und ihr zahlenmäßiges Verhalten während der Mikrovillibildung. Die „Hufeisen“ entstehen im Golgi-Apparat.
    Notes: Summary The origin of membranes required for the formation of microvilli has been investigated electronmicroscopically in enterocytes of fetal rat small intestine. It is assumed that horseshoe-like structures consisting of unit membranes covered with electron-dense material, which probably represent longitudinal sections through cap-like structures, are incorporated into the apical cell membrane and give rise to the tips of microvilli. This assumption is based chiefly on the almost identical diameters of “horseshoes” and microvilli, the localization of “horseshoes” in the terminal web, and the time of appearance and disappearance of “horseshoes” with regard to development of microvilli. There are indications that the “horseshoes” originate in the Golgi apparatus.
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    Development of the innervation in the human pineal organ (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 115 (1971), S. 396-415 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human pineal organ ; Development ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This investigation is concerned with pineal organs of human embryos 60 to 150 days old. At every stage central nerve fibres enter the pineal organ by way of the habenular commissure, but are restricted to the pineal's proximal part. On about the 60th day of the development the sympathetic nervus conarii grows into the distal pole of the pineal organ from a dorso-caudal direction and plays the predominant part in the innervation of the pineal organ. After penetrating, it soon branches out and forms a network in the pineal tissue. Much later, not until the 5th embryonic month, sympathetic nerves appear accompanying the supplying vessels in the perivascular spaces. After a short time these nerves pierce the outer limiting basement membrane and penetrate the parenchyma. Towards the end of the 5th embryonic month the axons of the sympathetic nerves form varicosities containing clear and dense core vesicles. At this point large amounts of laminated granules appear primarily in cell processes, probably of pinealocytes. Isolated granules also occur in the varicosities of axons. The granules encountered here are most likely secretory granules.
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    Electron microscopic study of the in vivo erythrophagocytosis by alveolar macrophages of the cat (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 464-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lung ; Alveolar macrophages ; Lysosomes ; Erythrophagocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Erythrophagoeytosis in vivo by cat alveolar macrophages was studied under the electron microscope by collecting the macrophages at 2 hours and 48 hours following the intratracheal injection of autologous blood. Considering the progressive ultrastructural modifications of the red blood cell plasma membrane, different successive stages were observed, corresponding to the hemolysis of the erythrocytes: 1. A recently engulfed erythrocyte appears unaltered within the phagocytic vacuole. 2. A dense layer, surrounding the plasma membrane of the red cell, is observed within the phagocytic vacuole. 3. The content of the vacuole is uniformly dense and the plasma membrane of the red cell exhibits discontinuous thickenings. 4. The whole vacuole appears very dense (hyperdense stage) and the plasma membrane is shown altered. The whole process of erythrophagocytosis is accompanied by an active fusion of the phagocytic vacuole with typical lysosomes and lysosomes containing crystal-like material. It is suggested that hemolysis may be explained in terms of enzymic digestion of the proteinic part of the plasma membrane of the erythrocyte.
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    Electron microscopic study of the in vivo erythrophagocytosis by alveolar macrophages of the cat (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 477-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lung ; Alveolar macrophage ; Lysosomes ; Erythrophagocytosis ; Heinz bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural analysis of the in vivo erythrophagocytosis by cat alveolar macrophages demonstrates a sequence of two successive events. The first consists of the destruction of the red blood cell membrane (hemolysis). The second corresponds to digestion of hemoglobin. This process is observed as a progressive and uniform clearing of the content of the phagocytic vacuole. An active fusion of typical lysosomes and of lysosomes containing crystal-like masses with the phagocytic vacuole continues to occur. At the terminal period small dense ferritin-like granules appear within the dissolving hemoglobin. During this process the swollen fragmented erythrocyte membrane, sometimes simulating Heinz bodies, persists along with lysosomal crystal-like masses. A lamellar structure of the altered erythrocyte plasma membrane is seldom observed. A diagram summarizes the entire process of destruction of the red blood cell (hemolysis and digestion) as observed following its engulfment by a cat alveolar macrophage.
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    The neural gland in tunicates: fine structure and intracellular distribution of phosphatases (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 120 (1971), S. 80-93 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tunicate ; Neural gland ; Hypophysial homologue ; Lysosomes ; Ultrastructure ; Phosphatase localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cells comprising the neural gland in the ascidians Ciona, Styela, and Botryllus have been examined for their fine structural features and enzyme cytochemistry. The gland cells are either cuboidal or irregular in outline. They are full of small vesicles, of which some are pinocytotic, as well as larger vacuoles; they become increasingly vacuolated as their shape decreases in regularity. At the same time, glycogen deposits accumulate and the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum become distended. Some of the vacuoles contain an electron dense material or a fibrillar substance, but the cells contain no obvious electron opaque secretory granules associated with an extensive Golgi complex such as occur in the vertebrate adenohypophysis. Acid phosphatase is localized in some of the vesicles and vacuoles, indicating that they are a kind of lysosome, the latter possibly representing autophagic vacuoles. Thiamine pyrophosphatase is also found in many vacuoles as well as in the saccules of the Golgi apparatus which in these cells is in the form of dictyosomes. The results suggest a developmental cycle of increasing cytoplasmic vacuolation, ultimately leading to a breakdown and release of the vacuolar products. The significance of these observations is considered, particularly with respect to the hypothesis that the gland represents the ascidian equivalent of the vertebrate pituitary.
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    Development of the ocular adrenergic nerve supply in man and guinea-pig (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 118 (1971), S. 579-592 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bye ; Innervation ; Adrenergic ; Development ; Manuals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of adrenergic nerves to the anterior eye segment was studied in human and guinea-pig embryos. Adrenergic terminals had already appeared in the earliest human embryos available (4–6 cm). They first appeared mainly in nerve trunks in the primitive chorioid, especially in the region of the developing ciliary body. Adrenergic nerves then grow into different structures of the eye as these develop, but typical terminals in contact with effector cells appeared late during the development, about the 25–30 cm stage. No adrenergic nerves were observed in the chamber angle. Corneal adrenergic nerves (also intraepithelial terminals) appeared much more frequently in embryos than in adults. No adrenergic neurons were observed in the retina. In the guinea-pig, the first adrenergic fibres were observed at about gestation day 35. The general principle of the development was very similar to that of the humans. At gestation day 45 to 50, the supply of adrenergic fibres was essentially that of the adult animal, except that the corneal adrenergic fibres were increasing until just before birth and that the adrenergic terminals of the chamber angle appeared shortly before term.
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    Ultrastructural features of the developing hypothalamo-hypophysial axis in the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 208-226 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Hypophysial portal vessels ; Pars distalis ; Ultrastructure ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve fibres containing granular vesicles first appear in the median eminence of the rat on the 16th foetal day while secretory granules in the cells of the adenohypophysis are not present till the 17th foetal day. These observations suggest that the differentiation and early activity of pars distalis cells may depend on substances elaborated at nerve terminals in the median eminence. Although the loops of the primary plexus of portal vessels do not develop until the 4th postnatal day, substances released by nerve fibres in the neurohypophysis could reach the pars distalis through vessels already present at the 15th foetal day in the mesenchyme between the diencephalon and the adenohypophysis. This view is supported by the fact that the earliest cells to exhibit ultrastructural evidence of secretory activity are in the rostral pole of the pars distalis, the first region of the gland to become vascularized. The earliest granules to appear in the cells of the pars distalis correspond to those which are considered to contain mucoprotein hormones; somatotrophin type granules were seen only in postnatal tissues. The finding that, in the median eminence, the development of granular vesicles precedes that of agranular vesicles is discussed with reference to the times at which neurosecretory materials and monoamines become detectable in the region.
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    Zinkstaubdestillation im Mikrogrammbereich (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 102-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Zinkstaubdestillation ; Ultramikrobereich, Apparatur, TAS-Verfahren. Thermofraktographie, TAS-Verfahren ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Zinkstaubdestillation, Ultramikrobereich. Analyse von Naphthalinderivaten, Anthracenderivaten, Phenanthrenderivaten, Tetracenderivaten, Indolderivaten ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Zinkstaubdestillation, TAS-Verfahren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, die es erlaubt, unter kontrollierten Bedingungen mit 20–200 μg Ausgangsmaterial eine Zinkstaubdestillation durchzuführen. Hierzu wird die Probe auf Cu-aktiviertes Zink in einer TAS-Patrone für einige Minuten auf 350–450° C erhitzt. Die dabei entstehenden sauerstofffreien Aromaten bzw. stabilen Heterocyclen werden durch einen Stickstoffstrom von 15 ml/min direkt auf den Startpunkt einer DC-Schicht transferiert. Anschließend wird chromatographiert und die auftretenden Reaktionsprodukte werden identifiziert. Zum Studium der Reaktionsvorgänge und der optimalen Temperaturbereiche dient die Thermofraktographie. Es sind Anwendungsbeispiele aus der Gruppe der Naphthalin-,Anthracen-, Phenanthren-, Tetracen- und Indolderivate gegeben.
    Notes: Abstract A method for zinc dust distillation of 20–200 μg of substance under controlled conditions is described. The sample is heated on copper-activated zinc up to 350–450° C for several minutes in a TAS-cartridge. The resulting oxygen-free aromatic resp. the stable heterocyclic components are transferred directly to the starting point of a TLC-plate by a stream of nitrogen at 15 ml/min and identified after chromatography. Thermography is applied to study the reaction process and to determine the optimal temperature ranges. Examples of application to the groups of naphthalene-, anthracene-, phenanthrene-,tetracene- and indol derivatives are listed.
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    Rückgewinnung geringer Substanzmengen von der Dünnschichtplatte (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 126-127 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Rückgewinnung geringer Substanzen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431154
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    Quantitative dünnschicht-chromatographische Bestimmung einiger 8-Hydroxychinolin- und 8-Hydroxychinaldin-Derivate (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von 8-Hydroxychinolinderivaten, 8-Hydroxychinaldinderivaten in Pharmazeut. Produkten ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; ÄDTA-behand. Platten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, mit der 8-Hydroxychinolin- und 8-Hydroxychinaldin-Derivate nach erfolgter Entwicklung auf Kieselgelplatten direkt quantitativ mit einem Chromatogramm-Spektralphotometer bestimmt werden können. Durch Vorbehandlung der Platten mit Komplexbildnern, wie Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure, Diäthylentriaminpentaessigsäure oder Triäthylentetraminhexaessigsäure, wird im Gegensatz zur unbehandelten Platte erreicht, daß die Substanzen runde Flecken ausbilden, die zur quantitativen Bestimmung geeignet sind. Die Methode hat sich auch bei der Bestimmung der Wirkstoffe aus Arzneiformen, wie Dragees und Salben, bewährt und läßt sich mit einer maximalen relativen Standardabweichung von ± 3,4% gut reproduzieren.
    Notes: Abstract A method is described allowing direct quantitative determination of 8-hydroxyquinoline and 8-hydroxyquinaldine derivatives with a chromatogram spectrophotometer after development on silicagel plates. In contrast to untreated plates, pretreatment of the plates with complexing agents like ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid, diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid, or triethylenetetramine-hexaacetic acid, results in formation by the compounds of round areals which are suitable for quantitative measurement. This method proved also valuable for the quantitative measurement of the active contents of pharmaceutical formulations, like tablets or ointments. It is reproducible with a maximal relative standard deviation of ± 3.4%.
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    Chromatographie von Organophosphorsäure-Insecticiden auf Dünnschichten von basischem Zinkcarbonat (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 124-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Pesticiden, phosphorhaltig ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Schicht aus bas. Zinkcarbonat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Dünnschichten von basischem Zinkcarbonat eignen sich zur Trennung von Insecticiden aus der Gruppe der Organophosphorsäuren. Mit Petroläther/Aceton-Gemischen zwischen 98∶2–86∶14 werden günstige Rf-Werte und gute Fleckzeichnungen erreicht. Die Substanzen sind entweder im kurzwelligen UV-Licht zu erkennen, wenn man der Dünnschicht Fluorescenz-Indicator F 254 der Fa. Merck zusetzt, oder aber im Tageslicht nach Sprühen mit Pd(II)Cl2-Lösung, wobei rotbraune Flecken entstehen. Die Wirkstoffe lassen sich mit Aceton quantitativ eluieren; Die Trennung kann auch säulen-chromatographisch durchgeführt werden. Die Trenneffekte sind ähnlich denjenigen, wie sie auf Kieselgel erreicht werden. Das basische Zinkcarbonat hat aber den Vorteil geringerer chemischer Aktivität, so daß weniger Artefakte entstehen.
    Notes: Abstract Thin layers of basic zinc carbonate can be used with good results to separate organophosphorous pesticides. With a petroleumether/acetone mixture (between 98∶2 and 86∶14) good Rf-values and clearly defined spots are obtained. The substances are either recognizable in short-wave UV-light, when the fluorescence indicator F 254 from Fa. Merck is added to the thin layer, or in day-light, after having been sprayed with a solution of Pd(II)Cl2, which leads to the formation of reddish-brown spots. The pesticides can be eluted quantitatively with acetone; the separation can also be carried out by means of column chromatography. The effects of separation are similar to those obtained on silica gel, but basic zinc carbonate has the advantage of lower chemical activity, which means that less artifacts are formed.
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    Study on the elimination of interferences in the determination of calcium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 177-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Calcium ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Ausschaltung von Störungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Optimum conditions and the influence of 53 ions on the determination of calcium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry have been investigated. In the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame interferences are caused by elements with low ionisation potentials. In the air-acetylene flame a number of cations and anions interfere by the formation of refractory compounds. The simple standard additions procedure was unable to overcome these interferences in the concentration ranges investigated, but did give accurate results when used in combination with a releasing agent (strontium).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Optimale Bedingungen und Beeinflussung durch 53 verschiedene Ionen wurden untersucht. Bei Verwendung der N2O/Acetylen-Flamme werden Störungen durch Elemente mit niedrigen Ionisations-potentialen verursacht. In der Luft/Acetylen-Flamme stören eine Reihe von Kationen und Anionen durch Bildung hitzebeständiger Verbindungen. Die Anwendung der Standardzugabe-Methode ergab nur befriedigende Resultate in Kombination mit einem Strontiumzusatz.
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    Nachweisgrenzen der sechs stellungsisomeren Xylenole (Dimethylphenole) an Fertigfolie UV 254 und Kieselgel G mit unterschiedlichen Sprühreagentien (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 269 (1974), S. 125-126 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Xylenolen, Dimethylphenolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; versch. Schichten u. Reagentien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424692
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    Über Nachweisgrenzen bzw. zur semiquantitativen dünnschichtchromatographischen Bestimmung der Kresole (o-, m-, p-) und des Phenols an Fertigfolien UV 254 und Kieselgel G mit unterschiedlichen Sprühreagentien (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 269 (1974), S. 127-127 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Kresolen, Phenol ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; versch. Schichten und Reagentien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424693
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    Thermische Stabilität von Iridium-Komplexen mit unterschiedlichen Liganden bei der AAS-Bestimmung (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 29-30 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Iridium ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Einfluß unterschiedlicher Liganden der Ir-Komplexe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437487
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    Über eine einfache Apparatur zur raschen Abtrennung von Zinn aus Scheelit und Wolframit durch Erhitzen mit Ammoniumjodid (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 127-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Abtrenn. von Zinn aus Scheelit und Wolframit ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Aufschluß mit Ammoniumjodid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439533
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    The relationship between synaptic vesicles, Golgi apparatus, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum: a developmental study using the zinc iodide-osmium technique (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 120 (1971), S. 332-345 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synaptic vesicles ; Development ; Golgi apparatus ; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; Zinc iodide-osmium technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Routine electron microscopy and a zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide technique (ZIO), recently found to be specific for synaptic vesicles, were used to study the origin of synaptic vesicles during postnatal development in the lumbosacral enlargement of the albino rat. In immature nervous tissue, a large number of vesicles, indistinguishable from synaptic vesicles (S vesicles), were found in the Golgi apparatus and in different portions of the axon where they were often intermingled with elements of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Ten to twenty percent of these S vesicles within the Golgi apparatus as well as the majority of these vesicles in all parts of the axon were positive to ZIO. Much of the SER in axons was also positive. The number of vesicles and elements of the SER showed some decrease in the non-terminal portion of axons on day 21 and even more of a decrease in adult neurons. These data suggest that synaptic vesicles are produced in the Golgi apparatus and SER in immature neurons. The decrease in S vesicles and SER in adult neurons suggests a drop in synaptic vesicle production after synaptogenesis has ended. In addition, the material that has been studied shows that ZIO staining is not limited to synaptic vesicles during development since oligodendroglia and endothelial cells are also stained during this period.
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    Altered formation of dye-induced lysosomes in mouse fibroblasts due to growth in “deficient” media (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 219-235 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lysosomes ; Mouse fibroblasts ; Dye treatment ; Cell culture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mouse fibroblasts were grown in a ‘deficient’ medium consisting solely of Hank's salt solution. Treatment of cells after 48 hours in deficient medium with the cationic dye, mepacrine, resulted in an altered formation of lysosomes. Cells grown in full medium form dense, multi-vesiculated lysosomes in response to mepacrine. Cells grown in deficient medium form large electron lucent vacuoles containing peripherally located dense globules. The significance of the observations in relation to the deficiency of the medium is discussed.
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    Structure and development of the auditory system in the prothoracic leg of the cricket Teleogryllus commodus (walker) (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 313-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chordotonal organ ; Teleogryllus commodus ; Hearing ; Structure ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anatomical development of the tympanal organ, the tracheal system and the tympana of Teleogryllus commodus is described. The tympanal organ is undifferentiated until instar 3 when the first scolopales appear. The organ develops in a proximo-distal direction but the more distal groups begin to form before the proximal groups are complete. All groups of scolopidia are represented in instar 7 but numbers of scolopidia continue to increase until the adult stage. Scolopales and scolopale cells are first formed at less than adult size and increase in size during subsequent instars. The subgenual organ is present in instar 1 and is complete in instar 4. The posterior and anterior tympanal trachease develop respectively from the tracheal trunk and tracheal branch, which are present from instar 2. These remain as simple, unconnected tubes until instar 7 and begin to show the adult form during instars 8 and 9, finally enlarging in conjunction with the tympana at the last two moults. The tympana first appear as hairless areas of cuticle in the larval stages: the posterior tympanum in instar 8 and anterior tympanum in instar 10, but the translucent appearance of the adult tympana is not present before the final moult.
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    Determination of nickel and cobalt in chondritic meteorites by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 32-32 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Nickel und Kobalt in Meteoriten ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430906
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    Strukturaufklärung sesquiterpenoider Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 203-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Strukturaufklärung von Sesquiterpenalkoholen ; TAS-Verfahren, Mikrodehydrierung ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; bicyclisch, mit Decalin-Grundgerüst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus dem ätherischen Öl der Haselwurz wurden erstmalig die 4 Sesquiterpenalkohole α-Eudesmol, β-Eudesmol, Selinan-7,11-diol und Selin-6(7)en-11-ol isoliert und identifiziert. Dabei wurde zur Einengung der Strukturmöglichkeiten die dehydrierende TAS-Methode (Schwefel-Dehydrierung) eingesetzt. Sie lieferte bei ungesättigten C15-Alkoholen gute Ergebnisse. Gesättigte Sesquiterpenalkohole mit Decalin-Grundgerüst ließen sich besser nach der Selenmethode dehydrieren. Von den entstandenen Naphthalin-Derivaten wurden die UV-Spektren direkt von der DC-Platte aufgenommen und zur Identifizierung herangezogen. Durch diese Kombination der Mikroverfahren konnte das Grundgerüst der Alkohole mit Mikrogramm-Mengen eindeutig bestimmt werden.
    Notes: Abstract In the essential oil of Asarum europaeum L. the four sesquiterpene alcohols α-eudesmol, β-eudesmol, selinane-7,11-diol and seline-6(7)en-11-ol have been isolated and identified. For limiting the possibilities of structure the dehydrogenating TAS method (sulphur dehydrogenation) has been employed. Good results have been obtained with unsaturated C15-alcohols. Saturated sesquiterpene alcohols with decalin structure could be better dehydrogenated by the selenium method. UV spectra have been recorded of the naphthalene derivatives formed directly from the thin-layer plate and employed for identification. By this combination of micro methods the basic structure of the alcohols could be determined unequivocally with μg amounts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430606
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    1:1- und 1:2-Metallchelate unsulfierter o,o′-Dihydroxyazoverbindungen. Eine dünnschicht-chromatographische Untersuchung (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 337-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse der Metallchelate von o,o′-Dihydroxyazoverbindungen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer früheren Veröffentlichung [4] ist auf die Möglichkeit der chromatographischen Trennung strukturisomerer Metallchelate hingewiesen worden; sie soll hier ausführlicher dargestellt werden. Weiterhin wird die Trennung von 1:2-Mischkomplexen von Azofarbstoffen und von 1:2-Metallkomplex-Mischungen durch Dünnschicht-Chromatographie (DC) an Polyamid beschrieben. Unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen kann durch DC an Kieselgel zwischen 1:2-Metallkomplexfarbstoffen mit Sulfonsäureamid- bzw. Alkylsulfongruppen und solchen ohne diese Substituenten unterschieden werden. Die beschriebenen DC-Methoden ermöglichen bei richtiger Interpretation eine eindeutige Unterscheidung zwischen strukturisomeren Metallkomplexen der 1:1- und 1:2-Reihe, sowie Mischkomplexen und Komplexmischungen vom 1:2-Metall-chelattyp unsulfierter o,o′-Dihydroxyazoverbindungen. Symmetrische o,o′-Dihydroxyazoverbindungen, wie z.B. das 2,2′-Dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethyl-azobenzol(7), sind geeignete Komplexbildner für Schwermetallkationen, um diese als farbige Chelate mit Hilfe der DC voneinander zu trennen. Strukturisomere sind wegen der Molekülsymmetrie ausgeschlossen, so daß die Ergebnisse eindeutig sind.
    Notes: Abstract In an earlier publication [4] the possibility of the Chromatographic separation of structurally isomeric metal chelates was mentioned; this is dealt with here in more detail. Further the separation of 1:2 mixed complexes from azo dyes and 1:2 metal-complex mixtures by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on polyamide is described. In certain circumstances it is possible to distinguish between 1:2 metal-complex dyes with sulphonamide or alkylsulphonyl groups and those without these substituents by TLC on silica gel. The TCL methods described allow-when correctly interpreted-an unambiguous distinction between structurally isomeric metal complexes of the 1:1 and 1:2 series, and mixed complexes and mixtures of complexes of the 1:2 metal-chelate type of unsulphonated o,o′-dihydroxyazo compounds. Symmetrical o,o′-dihydroxyazo compounds, such as 2,2′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethylazobenzene(7), are suitable as complex-formers for heavy-metal ions, allowing the separation of the latter as their coloured chelates with aid of TLC. Structural isomers are excluded because of the molecular symmetry, so that the results are unambiguous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01155022
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    Quantitative Dünnschicht-Chromatographie (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 269 (1974), S. 10-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Vergleich von Zweistrahldensitometern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Eliminierung von Störungen der quantitativen Auswertung von Dünnschicht-Chromatogrammen durch Unregelmäßigkeiten der Sorptionsschicht werden öfters Zweistrahlgeräte verwendet. Diese Arbeit berichtet über die Simulation verschiedener Zweistrahlgeräte auf einem Einstrahlgerät mit Hilfe von Digitalrechnern, um auf diesem Wege eindeutige Aussagen über den Genauigkeitsgewinn treffen zu können. Die relativen genäherten Standardabweichungen aus einer größeren Anzahl von Messungen ergaben folgende Werte: Einstrahlgerät 3–5%, Zweistrahlgerät 2–4% und Zweiwellenlängengerät 2,5–4%.
    Notes: Abstract To avoid errors caused by irregularities of chromatoplates in quantitative TLC often double beam densitometers are used. This paper describes the simulation of different double beam instruments using a single beam scanner and digital computers, to obtain distinct data on the increase in accuracy. The relative standard deviations from a greater number of experiments are: single beam scanner 3–5%, double beam instrument 2–4% and dual wave-length scanner 2.5–4%.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423931
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    Dünnschicht-chromatographische Nachweisgrenzen und semiquantitative Bestimmung der isomeren Toluidine an diazido(1,1′)-disulfo(4,4′)-stilbenimprägnierten Fertigfolien und Kieselgel-G-Schichten (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 32-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Toluidinen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; diazidodisulfostilbenimprägnierte Schichten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437489
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    Untersuchungen und Betrachtungen zum Insecticideinfluß auf Autoxidationsprozesse (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Untersuchung der Autoxidation von Fettsäureestern ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mittels Dünnschicht-Chromatographie kann man den Ablauf von Autoxidationsprozessen an Lipiden qualitativ anhand der auftretenden Reaktionsprodukte verfolgen. In vorliegender Arbeit wurden verschiedene Laufmittel auf Silicagel hinsichtlich ihres Trennvermögens für Gruppen von Autoxidations-produkten erprobt. Ferner werden aufgrund umfangreicher Untersuchungen Sprühmittel zur Erkennung solcher Stoffgruppen auf dem Dünnschicht-Chromatogramm benannt. Am Beispiel der Autoxidation von c-9-Octadecensäuremethylester ohne und mit Zusatz von DDE wird die Leistungsfähigkeit der beschriebenen Arbeitsweise belegt.
    Notes: Abstract The autoxidation of lipids has been followed qualitatively by means of the reaction products. The separating ability of different solvents on silica gel for groups of autoxidation products has been tested. Furthermore, spraying agents for the detection of these groups on the chromatogram are given. The autoxidation of c-9-octadecenic methyl ester with and without addition of DDE serves as an example for the efficiency of the method.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430730
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    Über die Verwendung der Verbrennungsapparatur von Grote und Krekeler bei der Bestimmung von Quecksilber in festen und flüssigen organoquecksilberhaltigen Fungicidformulierungen (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 192-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Quecksilber in Pesticiden, Fungiciden, Quecksilberorganoverbindungen ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Apparatur nach Grote u. Krekeler
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, daß die Verbrennung Hg-haltiger organischer Substanzen nach Kunkel auf die modifizierte Apparatur von Grote u. Krekeler übertragbar und selbst im Milligramm-Bereich anwendbar ist. Im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen naß-chemischen Verfahren werden beträchtliche Einsparungen an Arbeitszeit erzielt.
    Notes: Abstract It has been shown that the combustion of Hg-containing organic substances according to Kunkel can also be applied to the modified apparatus of Grote and Krekeler. It can be employed even in the mg-range. In comparison with conventional wet-chemical procedures a considerable saving of time is attained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430732
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    Determination of cobalt and copper in animal feeds by extraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 269-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kupfer, Kobalt in Futtermitteln ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Pyrrolidindithiocarbamidatkomplexe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A method is described for the determination of cobalt and copper in animal feeds. The samples were ashed in a muffle furnace, the residues treated with mixed hydrochloric and nitric acids, evaporated twice with conc. hydrochloric acid, the residue dissolved in 0.1 N HCl and filtered. Cobalt and copper pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate complexes were extracted into MIBK and were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The sensitivity and precision are sufficient.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Proben werden verascht, der Rückstand mit Salzsäure/Salpetersäure behandelt, mit konz. Salzsäure eingedampft, in 0,1 N Salzsäure aufgenommen, filtriert, die Pyrrolidindithiocarbamidatkomplexe von Cu und Co mit MIBK extrahiert und der Messung durch Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie zugeführt. Empfindlichkeit und Genauigkeit des Verfahrens sind zufriedenstellend.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432828
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    Schwefel- und Selendehydrierungen im Mikrogrammbereich (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Schwefeldehydrierung, Selendehydrierung ; Ultramikrobereich, Apparatur, TAS-Verfahren. Thermofraktographie/TAS-Verfahren/Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Schwefel- und Selendehydrierung, Ultramikrobereich. Analyse von Sesquiterpenderivaten, Abietinsäure. Steroiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Schwefel- und Selendehydrierung, TAS-Verfahren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Schnellmethode beschrieben, die es erlaubt, unter kontrollierten Bedingungen mit 50–300 μg Ausgangsmaterial eine gekoppelte Dehydratisierung und Schwefel- bzw. Selendehydrierung durchzuführen. Hierbei wird die Probe mit einer Kaliumhydrogensulfat-Schwefel- bzw. Selenmischung für einige Minuten bei vorbestimmten Temperaturen zwischen 160–400° C im TAS-Ofen bzw. Tasomat erhitzt. Die entstehenden Aromaten werden durch einen Stickstoffstrom von 10 ml/min direkt auf den Startpunkt einer DC-Schicht transferiert. Anschließend wird chromatographiert und die auftretenden Reaktionsprodukte werden identifiziert. Zum Studium der Reaktionsvorgänge und der optimalen Temperaturbereiche dient die Thermofraktographie. Es sind Anwendungsbeispiele aus der Sesquiterpen-, Diterpen- und aus der Steroidreihe gegeben.
    Notes: Abstract A rapid method is described which permits to carry out a coupled dehydratization and sulphur resp. selenium dehydrogenation with 50–300 μg of starting material under controlled conditions. The sample is heated on a potassium hydrogen sulphate-sulphur resp. selenium mixture at preselected temperatures of between 160–400° C for several minutes in the TAS-oven resp. the Tasomat. The resulting aromatic components are transferred directly to the starting point of a TLC-plate by a stream of nitrogen at 10 ml/min and the reaction products are identified after chromatography. Thermofractography is applied to study the reaction processes and to determine the optical temperature ranges. Examples of application to the groups of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and steroids are listed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432826
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    Über den dünnschicht-chromatographischen Nachweis von Canthaxanthin in den Federn des kleinen Flamingos (Phoeniconaias Minor) an Fertigfolien UV 254 (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 285-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Canthaxanthin in Biolog. Material ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien UV 254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432834
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    Nachweisgrenzen und semiquantitative Bestimmung der isomeren Kresole (Phenol) und Xylenole (Dimethylphenole) an diazido(1,1′)-disulfo(4,4′)-stilbenimprägnierten Fertigfolien und Kieselgel G-Schichten (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 287-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kresolen, Phenol, Xylenolen, Dimethylphenolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; imprägn. Fertigfolien u. Kieselgel, Nachweisgrenzen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432836
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    Interferences in the determination of aluminium by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 352-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Aluminium ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Einfluß von Fremdionen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The following substances have been investigated with regard to their interfering effect in the determination of aluminium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, alkali and alkaline earth metals, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Mn, Co, Mo, Ti, Cr, V, Si. Ternary systems with La have been examined also. Si exerts a strong depressive effect, whereas other elements in certain concentration ranges exhibit positive effects.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Folgende Substanzen wurden hinsichtlich einer möglichen Beeinflussung der Aluminiumbestimmung untersucht: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, Alkalimetalle, Erdalkalimetalle, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Mn, Co, Mo, Ti, Cr, V, Si. Ternäre Systeme mit La wurden ebenfalls geprüft. Si übt eine stark depressive Wirkung aus, während andere Elemente in bestimmten Konzentrationsbereichen positiv wirken.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00820738
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    Dünnschicht-chromatographische Trennung der 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone von Formaldehyd, Acetaldehyd, Acrolein, Crotonaldehyd und Furfurol (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 337-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Abtrenn. des 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazons von Formaldehyd, Acetaldehyd, Acrolein, Crotonaldehyd, Furfurol ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein dünnschicht-chromatographisches Verfahren zur Trennung von Formaldehyd, Acetaldehyd, Furfurol, Acrolein und Crotonaldehyd in Form der 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone beschrieben. Die Derivate werden aus Pyridin, Tetrahydrofuran oder Dioxan aufgetragen und innerhalb von 6 h nach der Durchlauftechnik an Kieselgel F 254-Rapidplatten mit Tetrachlorkohlenstoff/Pyridin (90∶10) aufsteigend entwickelt. Die Laufstrecken verhalten sich wie 1∶1,3∶1,7∶2,1∶2,3.
    Notes: Abstract The derivatives are applied on rapid plates silica gel F 254 from pyridine, tetrahydrofuran or dioxan solution and separated during 6 h by ascending overrun development using carbon tetrachloride/pyridine (90∶10) as a solvent. The distances travelled from the starting point are in the ratio 1∶1.3∶1.7∶2.1∶2.3.
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    Bestimmung einiger Spurenelemente in reinem Zinn mittels Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie mit einer Graphitrohrküvette (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 346-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Zinn ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Graphitrohrküvette
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Verwendung einer Graphitrohrküvette für die Atomabsorptionsbestimmungen von 7 Spurenelementen in reinem Zinn wurde erprobt. Die Zweckmäßigkeit der Additionsmethode in verkürzter Form speziell für routinemäßige Untersuchungen wurde bewiesen. Die Interferenzen der Matrix bei den einzelnen Bestimmungen wurden untersucht. Selektive Sublimationen zur Vermeidung solcher Effekte wurden durchgeführt und Empfindlichkeiten und Ergebnisse mit Standardabweichungen vorgelegt.
    Notes: Abstract The use of a heated graphite furnace has been evaluated for the atomic absorption determinations of seven trace elements in pure tin. The advantages of the standard addition method for the routine analysis is demonstrated. Matrix interferences were investigated by each determination. Selective volatilizations have been employed to avoid such effects. Sensitivities and results with standard deviations are reported.
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    Atomabsorptions-spektralphotometrische Bestimmung von Natrium und Magnesium in β-Aluminat-Materialien (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 349-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Natrium, Magnesium in Aluminat ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Propan-Butan-N2O-Flamme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Bestimmung von Natrium und Magnesium inβ-Aluminat wird die Probe bei 185° C in konz. Phosphorsäure gelöst und so verdünnt, daß die Konzentration an H3PO4 etwa 0,2 M wird. In dieser Lösung werden Natrium und Magnesium mittels Atomabsorption bestimmt. Die Atomisierung erfolgt in einer Propan-Butan-Lachgas-Flamme, in der die chemischen und physikalischen Störeffekte gering sind. Die Methode ist schneller als alle bisher veröffentlichten Methoden für die Bestimmung von Natrium (0,2–20%) und Magnesium (0,1–20%) in Keramik ausβ-Aluminat.
    Notes: Abstract The sample is dissolved at 185° C in conc. phosphoric acid and diluted to such an extent that the H3PO4 concentration is 0.2 M. In this solution Na and Mg are measured by AAS, using a propane-butane-N2O flame. There are only slight chemical and physical interferences in this flame. The method is more rapid than other procedures for the determination of sodium (0.2–20%) and magnesium (0.1–20%) inβ-aluminate ceramics.
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    Zur Dünnschicht-Chromatographie des Multivitaminpräparates Turigeran® (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 365-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Turigeran, Multivitaminpräparate ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00820743
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    Selective separation of uranium(VI) by thin-layer chromatography on DEAE-cellulose in phosphoric acid medium (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 367-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Uran(VI) ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; DEAE-Cellulose, Phosphorsäure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00820745
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    Eine neuartige Methode der Kompensation unspezifischer Lichtverluste in der Atomabsorptions-Spektroskopie (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 272 (1974), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Blei in Milch, Blut ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Kompensation unspezifischer Lichtverluste
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein neuartiges System zur Kompensation unspezifischer Lichtverluste in der Atomabsorptions-Spektroskopie beschrieben. Dieses System hat folgende typische Eigenschaften: Es arbeitet im Zweistrahlbetrieb und gestattet die Ermittlung der unspezifischen und spezifischen Lichtverluste im gleichen Bereich der Atomzone. Sowohl sehr schnell veränderliche, als auch sehr hohe unspezifische Lichtverluste (bis zu mindestens 1,0 Extinktionseinheiten) können kompensiert werden. Als Anwendungsbeispiele werden die Bestimmung von Blei in Kondensmilch und in aufgeschlossenen Blutproben diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract A new system is described with particular attention being given to the characteristic features: it works in the double beam mode and allows the determination of non-specific and specific losses of light in the same area of the atomic zone; a reliable compensation may be accomplished for quickly varying as well as for high non-specific losses of light (up to at least 1.0 absorbance units). The determinations of lead in condensed milk and in digested blood are discussed as typical examples for the application of the system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00869174
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    Einsatz der echten Integration in der Atomabsorptions-Spektroskopie (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 272 (1974), S. 182-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Quecksilber in Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; echte Integration ; Best. von Kupfer in Urin ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; echte Integration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Verbesserung des Signal-Rausch-Verhältnisses in der Atom-Absorptions-Spektroskopie kann mit Hilfe der drei folgenden Methoden erreicht werden: Erhöhung der Zeitkonstanten, digitale Meßwertmittlung, echte Integration. Die Meßwertmittlung über echte Integration hat gegenüber den beiden anderen Methoden entscheidende Vorteile. Zwei Beispiele sollen zeigen, wie auf diesem Wege das Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis verbessert wird: Spurenanalyse von Quecksilber in Wasser mit Hilfe der flammenlosen AAS. Die Nachweisgrenze liegt bei 2 · 10−13 g/ml. Spurenanalyse von Kupfer in Urin mit Hilfe der Flammen-AAS. 1,3 · 10−8 g/ml Kupfer können ohne vorgeschaltete Extraktion bestimmt werden.
    Notes: Abstract An improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio in atomic absorption spectroscopy may be obtained by each of the following three methods of signal averaging: increase of the time constant digital signal averaging true integration of the signal The most adequate of these methods appears to be true integration. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the improved signal-to-noise ratio due to the application of this method: trace analysis of mercury in water by means of flameless AAS. The detection limit appears to be 0.2 ng which corresponds to a concentration of 2 · 10−13 g/ml. trace analysis of copper in human urine by means of flame AAS: 1,3 · 10−8 g/ml copper could be detected without any solvent extraction process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00869175
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    Vergleich der Nachweisempfindlichkeiten von Diphenyl mit verschiedenen Entwicklerreagentien an Fertigfolien und Kieselgel-G-Schichten (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 272 (1974), S. 206-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Diphenyl ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; verschiedene Reagentien u. Schichten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00869182
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    Nachweisgrenzen herbicidwirksamer Substanzen mit unterschiedlichen Sprühreagentien an Fertigfolien für die Dünnschicht-Chromatographie (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 272 (1974), S. 286-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachweis von Herbiciden, Pesticiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien, Nachweisgrenzen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431345
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  • 68
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    Schnelle und empfindliche Bestimmung von Blei in Urin mittels flammenloser Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 272 (1974), S. 287-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Blei in Harn ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; flammenlos, ÄDTA-Zusatz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431346
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  • 69
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    Zur semiquantitativen dünnschichtchromatographischen Bestimmung von DDT in Hühnereiern (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 272 (1974), S. 368-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von DDT in Eiern ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424031
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  • 70
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    Lead contents of foodstuffs (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 114-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Blei in Lebensmitteln ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Trockenveraschung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird auf Fehlermöglichkeiten bei der Bleibestimmung hingewiesen und eine Methode beschrieben, mit der diese Fehler weitgehend vermieden werden können. Bei der angewendeten Trockenveraschung wird die Flüchtigkeit von Blei in Abhängigkeit von der mit Thermoelementen gemessenen Temperatur im Veraschungsgut ermittelt. Veraschungsdaten für ein Lebensmittel, z.B. Gemüse, dürfen nicht einfach auf anders zusammengesetzte Lebensmittel (z. B. Fleisch) übertragen, sondern müssen experimentell ermittelt werden. Bei der Bleibestimmung in Lösungen von Lebensmittelaschen mit Hilfe der Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie stören viele Matrixelemente. Durch eine Sulfidfällung mit Silberionen als Mitfällungspartner wird diese Störung umgangen und gleichzeitig das Blei angereichert; durch eine vorherige Nitrat-Carbonat-Schmelze der Aschen werden die vorhandenen Kohlenstoffreste beseitigt und in Säure schwerlösliche Verbindungen aufgeschlossen. Die Verwendung von Flußsäure zur Zerstörung von Silicaten, die nur Nachteile bringt, kann dadurch entfallen. Die Bleibestimmung in der erhaltenen Meßlösung im Atomabsorptionsspektrometer wird durch Vergleich mit entsprechenden Eichlösungen vorgenommen.
    Notes: Abstract Some possible errors are pointed out, which can occur in the determination of lead and a method is described which minimizes these errors. The loss of lead during the dry-ashing-procedure was determined in dependence on the temperature in the sample measured by immersed thermocouples. It is not advisable to transfer ashing data from one foodstuff (e.g. vegetable) to foodstuffs of different composition (e.g. meat); such data must be determined experimentally. Many matrix elements in ash solutions influence the lead determination by atomic absorption spectroscopy. By H2S coprecipitation of lead and added silver ions as PbS/Ag2S this disturbance can be avoided and the lead concentration is simultaneously increased. With the aid of a nitrate-carbonate melt before the H2S coprecipitation the residual carbon of the ash is removed and acid-insoluble compounds are made accessible. The use of hydrofluoric acid for destroying the silicates, which is disadvantageous, can thus be omitted. The lead content in the final solution is determined in an atomic absorption spectrometer by comparison with a standard solution of appropriate concentration.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431151
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    Thin-layer chromatographic separation and detection of alcohols as cobalt xanthate complexes (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 128-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Alkoholen als Co-Xanthate ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431155
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  • 72
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    Study on the elimination of interferences in the determination of barium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 180-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Barium ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Ausschaltung von Störungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Optimum conditions for the determination of barium in both the air-acetylene and nitrous oxide-acetylene flames have been given and the influence of 50 ions on the barium absorbance has been investigated. In the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame no interference effects occurred and the sensitivity was much better than that obtained with the air-acetylene flame in which several ions caused interference. The standard additions method failed to overcome these interferences but did give satisfactory results when used in conjunction with a releasing agent.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Optimale Bedingungen für die Bestimmung von Barium in der Luft/C2H2- und N2O/C2H2-Flamme werden angegeben und der Einfluß von 50 Ionen auf die Bariumabsorption beschrieben. Im Falle der N2O/C2H2-Flamme wurden keine Störungen beobachtet; die Empfindlichkeit ist besser als bei Verwendung der Luft/C2H2-Flamme, in der Störungen durch mehrere Ionen auftraten. Das Verfahren der Standardzugabe gab nur dann befriedigende Ergebnisse, wenn es in Verbindung mit einem Zusatz von Strontium oder Lanthan verwendet wurde.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430601
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    Quantitative dünnschicht-chromatographische Methode zur Bestimmung von Gramicidin (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 272-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Gramicidin ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; CAMAG Eluchrom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine quantitative Methode zur Bestimmung von Gramicidin in Fermentationsproben, Extraktionslösungen und Tyrothricin- bzw. Gramicidin-Fertigprodukten wird beschrieben. Nach der dünnschicht-chromatographischen Trennung des Gramicidins von den Begleitstoffen erfolgt eine quantitative Elution des Fleckes mit dem CAMAC Eluchrom, die so gewonnenen Lösungen werden spektralphotometrisch ausgewertet.
    Notes: Abstract A quantitative method is described for the determination of gramicidine in fermentation broths, extracts and finished products of tyrothricine and gramicidine, respectively. After TLC-separation of gramicidine from accompanying substances a quantitative elution of the gramicidine spot is performed with the CAMAG Eluchrom. The solutions obtained are measured spectrophotometrically.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431301
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    Quantitative Dünnschicht-Chromatographie: Numerische Peakerkennung und Auswertung mit Digitalrechnern (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 268-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Peakerkennung u. Auswertung mit Digitalrechnern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit beschreibt den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines Programms für Digitalrechner zur numerischen Peakerkennung und numerischen Integration von Remissionsgrad-Ortskurven bei der quantitativen DC. Durch integrierende Analog-Digitalwandlung und digitales Glätten wird das Signal/Rausch-Verhältnis verbessert. Die Peakerkennung erfolgt mit Hilfe der über eine Ausgleichsparabel numerisch differenzierten Meßkurve. Die Basislinienkorrektur bei nicht aufgelösten Peaks beruht auf einem Vergleich der Tangenten zwischen den Peakminima.
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes the principles of a programm for numerical peak detection and numerical integration for area determination by digital computers with respect to thin-layer chromatography. Integrating analog to digital conversion and digital smoothing will improve the signal to noise ratio. The first derivative will be found by smoothed numerical differentiation and is used for peak detection. The actual base line is corrected by eomparision of the tangents between the minima of the peaks.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431300
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    Bestimmung von Dimethylsulfatspuren in der Luft (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 269 (1974), S. 206-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Dimethylsulfat in Luft ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Umsetzung zu Nitroanisol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, die es gestattet, Dimethylsulfat (DMS) im Bereich der maximalen Arbeitsplatzkonzentration von 0,05 mg/m3 entsprechend 0,01 ppm zu bestimmen. Zunächst wird DMS zur Anreicherung an Kieselgel adsorbiert. Nach Desorption mit Aceton wird DMS mit 4-Nitrophenol-Na zu 4-Nitroanisol umgesetzt und dünnschicht-chromatographisch durch Intensitätsvergleich mit Standards bestimmt. Zur Erfassung des MAK-Wertes sind mindestens 500 l Probevolumen nötig. Bei einer Sauggeschwindigkeit von 3–4 l/min dauert daher eine Probenahme 2–2,5 Std. Über diesen Zeitraum sollten bei einer Raumluftuntersuchung möglichst ähnliche Konzentrationsverhältnisse vorliegen.
    Notes: Abstract A method is reported which allows the determination of dimethyl sulphate (DMS) in the range of the threshold limit of 0.05 mg/m3 resp. 0.01 ppm. At first DMS is concentrated by adsorption on silica gel. After extraction with acetone and reaction with 4-nitrophenol sodium salt to 4-nitroanisol the DMS is determined by thin-layer chromatography. Evaluation by comparison of intensity with standard spots. For the determination of the threshold limit at least 500 l of sample volume are needed. With an air sampling rate of 3 to 4 l/min the duration of sampling is 2 to 2.5 h. During this time the concentration of the examined air should not vary too much.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424315
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    Determination of silver in rocks and minerals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 269 (1974), S. 284-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Silber in Gesteinen, Mineralien ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Methods have been proposed for the determination of trace quantities of silver in sulphide ores and silicate rocks. For sulphide ores the samples have been decomposed by nitric acid-perchloric acid attack and the chloride interference eliminated by use of ammonium citrate-ammonium hydroxide. Silicate rock samples have been decomposed by hydrofluoric acid-perchloric acid attack and silver is determined in the organic phase after extraction with dithizone in MIBK. The methods are very simple and accurate and silver in amounts as low as 0.05 μg in a sample can be determined with confidence.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Verfahren werden beschrieben zur Bestimmung von Silberspuren in Sulfiderzen und Silicatgesteinen. Sulfiderze werden mit Hilfe von Salpetersäure/Perchlorsäure aufgeschlossen und die Störung durch Chlorionen wird mit Ammoniumcitrat/Ammoniumhydroxid eliminiert. Zum Aufschluß von Silicatgesteinen dient Flußsäure/Perchlorsäure, Silber wird in der organischen Phase nach Extraktion mit Dithizon in MIBK bestimmt. Die Verfahren sind einfach und genau und Mengen von 0,05 μg Ag können noch befriedigend erfaßt werden.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430578
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    The study and elimination of interferences in the determination of magnesium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 269 (1974), S. 337-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Magnesium ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Untersuchung von Störungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Optimum conditions and the influence of 54 ions on the determination of magnesium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry have been investigated. The use of the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame will remove any interference effects. In the air-acetylene flame the standard additions technique was studied and proved to be suitable except when silicate was present. Completely satisfactory determinations were obtained when the standard additions technique was applied to solutions containing an alkaline earth metal as a releasing agent.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die optimalen Bedingungen sowie der Einfluß von 54 Ionen wurden untersucht. Durch Verwendung der N2O-Acetylen-Flamme werden alle Störungen vermieden. In der Luft-Acetylen-Flamme erwies sich die Methode der Standardzugaben als geeignet, außer bei Gegenwart von Silicat. Alle Störungen können auch in dieser Flamme unterbunden werden, wenn die Methode der Standardzugaben zusammen mit einem Zusatz eines anderen Erdalkalimetalls angewendet wird.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430712
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  • 78
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    Hochempfindliche indirekte Zinnbestimmung durch Atom-absorptionsspektrometrie über das Quecksilberkaltdampfverfahren (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 269 (1974), S. 367-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Zinn ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Quecksilberkaltdampfverfahren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430720
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    Quantitative Auswertung von Dünnschicht-Chromatogrammen: On line-Kopplung mit programmierbaren elektronischen Tischrechnern (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phthalsäure ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Remissionsmessung, Kopplung mit Tischrechner
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Am Beispiel der Bestimmung von Phthalsäure wird die on line-Kopplung eines programmierbaren elektronischen Tischrechners über einen Integrator zur automatischen quantitativen Auswertung von Dünnschicht-Chromatogrammen durch Messung der Remission beschrieben. Das Verfahren arbeitet mit Mittelwertbildung der Integratorwerte der Scans in und gegen die Fließrichtung, um Basislinienfehler zu eliminieren. Der Rechner ermittelt aus den Vergleichsflecken über die Methode der kleinsten Summe der Fehlerquadrate die Eichgerade und berechnet hierüber die Substanzmenge in den Analysenflecken. Für die Auswertung wird eine quadratische Abhängigkeit der Fläche unter der Remissionsgrad-Ortskurve von der Substanzkonzentration angenommen. Die erreichte Genauigkeit lag bei etwa 2–2,5% (genäherte relative Standardabweichung).
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes the coupling of TLC-photometer, electronic integrator and desk calculator for the determination of phthalic acid by measurement of the remission at 280.3 nm. The average of integrator counts by scanning in and against development of the plate avoids errors caused by base line-drifts. From standards on the plate results a straight line by least squares using the quadratic proportionality of peak area to concentration. From this straight line the concentrations will be determined. The error of this method is in the range of 2–2.5% (relative standard deviation).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00595877
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    Separation of aliphatic and aromatic organic acids on starch thin-layers (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 16-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Organ. Säuren ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; aliphatisch, aromatisch, Reisstärkeschichten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Aliphatic monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, hydroxy, keto and amino acids were separated on rice starch thin layers with the solvent system: ethanol/water/ammonia (78∶20∶13). Different aromatic acids were separated on the same support with the solvent system: ethanol/n-butanol/water/ammonia (40∶30∶15∶15). Rf- and RM-values were determined and the validity of Martin's theoretical postulates on the relationship between chemical structure and Rf-values in partition chromatography was displayed. Calculation of group and basic constants was also carried out.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aliphatische Monocarbon-, Dicarbon-, Hydroxy-, Keto und Aminosäuren wurden dünnschicht-chromatographisch auf Reisstärke getrennt (Fließmittel: Äthanol/ Wasser/Ammoniak [78∶20∶13]). Verschiedene aromatische Säuren wurden auf der gleichen Schicht mit dem Fließmittel Äthanol/n-Butanol/Wasser/Ammoniak (40∶30∶15∶15) getrennt. Rf- und RM-Werte wurden bestimmt. Aufgrund der theoretischen Aufstellungen von Martin für die Beziehung zwischen Rf-Werten in der Verteilungs- chromatographie und chemischen Strukturen wurden Gruppen- und Grundkonstanten bestimmt.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00595876
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    Zur dünnschicht-chromatographischen Trennung und über Nachweisgrenzen von Pseudohalogeniden an Fertigfolien (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 128-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Pseudohalogeniden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien, Nachweisgrenzen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00434068
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    Study on the elimination of interferences in the determination of strontium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 177-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Strontium ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Vermeidung von Störungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Recommended operating conditions for the determination of strontium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry are given for both the air-acetylene and nitrous oxide-acetylene flames. Details are given of interference effects which can occur in the air-acetylene flame and also of a method to eliminate these effects using lanthanum as a releasing agent. In the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame no interference effects occurred if all solutions measured contained an ionisation buffer.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Arbeitsbedingungen werden für die Luft-Acetylen- und die N2O-Acetylen-Flamme gegeben. Die Störungen, die in der Luft-Acetylen-Flamme auftreten, werden im einzelnen besprochen und ihre Ausschaltung durch Lanthanzusatz beschrieben. In der N2O-Acetylen-Flamme treten keine Störungen auf, wenn die Lösungen einen Ionisierungspuffer enthalten.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445950
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    Determination of gallium by extraction and atomic absorption measurement (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 180-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Gallium ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Extraktion als Chloridkomplex mit MIBK
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Gallium can satisfactorily be determined by atomic absorption in organic solvents using air-acetylene or nitrous oxide-acetylene flame. It is recommandable to extract it as chloride complex. By employing MIBK and nitrous oxide-acetylene flame a considerable increase of absorption signal and sensitivity and elimination of the interference effect of a large number of metal ions was achieved.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Luft/Acetylen- oder N2O/Acetylen-Flamme kann Ga aus organischen Lösungsmitteln mit guten Ergebnissen bestimmt werden. Zu bevorzugen ist die Extraktion als Chloridkomplex, Extraktion mit MIBK und Verwendung der N2O-Acetylen-Flamme. So kann eine wesentliche Zunahme des Absorptionssignals, eine Verbesserung der Empfindlichkeit und Ausschaltung des störenden Einflusses zahlreicher Fremdionen bewirkt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445951
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    Verbesserte, schnelle Aufschlußmethode zur Cadmiumbestimmung in Körperflüssigkeiten mit Hilfe der Graphitrohrküvette (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 285-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Cadmium in Körperflüssigkeiten ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Graphitrohrküvette
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431328
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  • 85
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    Determination of sodium and potassium in salt by atomic absorption spectrophotometry or potassium by gravimetry with tetraphenyl boron (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 288-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Natrium und Kalium in Salz ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Best. von Kalium in Salz ; Gravimetrie ; Tetraphenyloborat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431330
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  • 86
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    Mikrochemischer Nachweis und dünnschicht-chromatographische Trennung von 16 Nitroverbindungen aus der Klasse der Pesticide (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 356-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Pesticiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Nitroverbindungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Analysenmethode zum Nachweis und zur Trennung von 16 Nitro-Pesticiden beschrieben. Nach einer dünnschicht-chromatographischen Trennung werden die Nitroverbindungen in primäre aromatische Amine übergeführt, die durch Diazotierung und Kupplung mit Bratton-Marshall Reagens nachgewiesen werden. Die photometrische Messung des eluierten Azofarbstoffes gestattet eine quantitative Bestimmung.
    Notes: Abstract An analysis method for the detection and separation of sixteen nitro-pesticides is described. After thin-layer chromatographical separation, the nitro-compounds are converted to primary aromatic amines which are detected by diazotization and subsequent coupling with Bratton-Marshall reagent. The photometric measuring of the azo-dye, obtained by elution, permits quantitative determination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00450859
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
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    Thin-layer chromatographic method for the detection of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase inhibitors (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 366-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von δ-Aminolävulinsäure-Dehydratase-Inhibitoren ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00450861
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Simple screening-test for the detection of peroxidase inhibitors (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 367-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Peroxidase-Inhibitoren ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00450862
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