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  • Articles  (470)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • Articles  (470)
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  • 1
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    Geothermal Potential Evaluation for Northern Chile and suggestions for New Energy Plans (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-14
    Description: Chile is a country rich in natural resources, and it is the world’s largest producer and exporter of copper. Mining is the main industry and is an essential part of the Chilean economy, but the country has limited indigenous fossil fuels—over 90% of the country’s fossil fuels must be imported. The electricity market in Chile comprises two main independent systems: the Northern Interconnected Power Grid (SING) and the Central Interconnected Power Grid (SIC). Currently, the primary Chilean energy source is imported fossil fuels, whereas hydropower represents the main indigenous source. Other renewables such as wind, solar, biomass and geothermics are as yet poorly developed. Specifically, geothermal energy has not been exploited in Chile, but among all renewables it has the greatest potential. The transition from thermal power plants to renewable energy power plants is an important target for the Chilean Government in order to reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels. In this framework, the proposed study presents an evaluation of the geothermal potential for northern Chile in terms of power generation. The El Tatio, Surire, Puchuldiza, Orriputunco-Olca and Apacheta geothermal fields are considered for the analysis. The estimated electrical power is approximately 1300 MWe, and the energy supply is 10,200 GWh/year. This means that more than 30% of the SING energy could be provided from geothermal energy, reducing the dependence on imported fossil fuels, saving 8 Mton/year of CO2 and supplying the mining industry, which is Chile’s primary energy user.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5444-5459
    Description: 1TR. Georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Renewable Energy, Geothermics, Strategic Energy Planning, Sustainable Development, Chile ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Eruptive activity at Turrialba volcano (Costa Rica): Inferences from 3He/4He in fumarole gases and chemistry of the products ejected during 2014 and 2015 (2017)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: A new period of eruptive activity started at Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica, in 2010 after almost 150 years of quiescence. This activity has been characterized by sporadic explosions whose frequency clearly increased since October 2014. This study aimed to identify the mechanisms that triggered the resumption of this eruptive activity and characterize the evolution of the phenomena over the past 2 years. We integrate 3He/4He data available on fumarole gases collected in the summit area of Turrialba between 1999 and 2011 with new measurements made on samples collected between September 2014 and February 2016. The results of a petrological investigation of the products that erupted between October 2014 and May 2015 are also presented. We infer that the resumption of eruptive activity in 2010 was triggered by a replenishment of the plumbing system of Turrialba by a new batch of magma. This is supported by the increase in 3He/4He values observed since 2005 at the crater fumaroles and by comparable high values in September 2014, just before the onset of the new eruptive phase. The presence of a number of fresh and juvenile glassy shards in the erupted products increased between October 2014 and May 2015, suggesting the involvement of new magma with a composition similar to that erupted in 1864–1866. We conclude that the increase in 3He/4He at the summit fumaroles since October 2015 represents strong evidence of a new phase of magma replenishment, which implies that the level of activity remains high at the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3V. Proprietà dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 4V. Dinamica dei processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Dinamica dei processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Turrialba volcano ; eruptive activity ; 3He/4He ; fumarole gases ; glassy shards ; juvenile component ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Magmas near the critical degassing pressure drive volcanic unrest towards a critical state (2017)
    Nature publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During the reawaking of a volcano, magmas migrating through the shallow crust have to pass through hydrothermal fluids and rocks. The resulting magma–hydrothermal interactions are still poorly understood, which impairs the ability to interpret volcano monitoring signals and perform hazard assessments. Here we use the results of physical and volatile saturation models to demonstrate that magmatic volatiles released by decompressing magmas at a critical degassing pressure (CDP) can drive volcanic unrest towards a critical state. We show that, at the CDP, the abrupt and voluminous release of H2O-rich magmatic gases can heat hydrothermal fluids and rocks, triggering an accelerating deformation that can ultimately culminate in rock failure and eruption. We propose that magma could be approaching the CDP at Campi Flegrei, a volcano in the metropolitan area of Naples, one of the most densely inhabited areas in the world, and where accelerating deformation and heating are currently being observed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 13712
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: magma degassing ; inert gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Lidar surveys reveal eruptive volumes and rates at Etna, 2007–2010 (2017)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The quantification of eruptive activity represents one major challenge in volcanology. Digital comparison of lidar-based elevation models of Etna (Italy) was made to quantify the volumes of volcanics emitted in 2007–2010. During this period, Etna produced several summit paroxysms followed by a flank eruption. We integrated the total volume difference resulting from the subtraction of the 2007 and 2010 digital elevation models with volumes of eruptive products based on field and aerial surveys to attribute volumes with hitherto unrealized precision to poorly constrained eruptions. The total erupted volume of 2007–2010 is 〉86 × 106m3, most (~74 × 106m3) of which is made up by the lava flows of the 2008–2009 flank eruption. The survey also reveals the high lava volume (5.73 × 106m3) and average eruption rate (~400m3 s 1) of the 10 May 2008 paroxysm, whose flow front stopped 6.2km from the vent, not far from the town of Zafferana Etnea.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4270–4278
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: LiDAR ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Why Does a Mature Volcano Need New Vents ? The Case of the New Southeast Crater at Etna (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-11
    Description: Mature volcanoes usually erupt from a persistent summit crater. Permanent shifts in vent location are expected to occur after significant structural variations and are seldom documented. Here we provide such an example that recently occurred at Etna. Eruptive activity at Mount Etna during 2007 focused at the Southeast Crater (SEC), the youngest (formed in 1971) and most active of the four summit craters, and consisted of six paroxysmal episodes. The related erupted volumes, determined by field-based measurements and radiant heat flux curves measured by satellite, totalled 8.67 x 106 m3. The first four episodes occurred, between late-March and early-May, from the summit of the SEC and short fissures on its flanks. The last two episodes occurred, in September and November, from a new vent (“pit crater” or “proto-NSEC”) at the SE base of the SEC cone; this marked the definitive demise of the old SEC and the shift to the new pit crater. The latter, fed by NW-SE striking dikes propagating from the SEC conduit, formed since early 2011 an independent cone (the New Southeast Crater, or “NSEC”) at the base of the SEC. Detailed geodetic reconstruction and structural field observations allow defining the deformations of Etna’s edifice in the last decade. These suggest that the NSEC developed under the NE-SW trending tensile stresses on the volcano summit promoted by accelerated instability of the NE flank of the volcano during inflation periods. The development of the NSEC is not only important from a structural point of view, as its formation may also lead to an increase in volcanic hazard. The case of the NSEC at Etna here reported shows how flank instability may control the distribution and impact of volcanism, including the prolonged shift of the summit vent activity in a mature volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: Article 67
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Holocene slip rate variability along the Pernicana fault system (Mt. Etna, Italy): Evidence from offset lava flows. (2017)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-14
    Description: The eastern flank of the Mount Etna stratovolcano is affected by extension and is slowly sliding eastward into the Ionian Sea. The Pernicana fault system forms the border of the northern part of this sliding area. It consists of three E-W–oriented fault sectors that are seismically active and characterized by earthquakes up to 4.7 in magnitude (M) capable of producing ground rupture and damage located mainly along the western and central sectors, and by continuous creep on the eastern sector. A new topographic study of the central sector of the Pernicana fault system shows an overall bell-shaped profile, with maximum scarp height of 35 m in the center of the sector, and two local minima that are probably due to the complex morphological relation between fault scarp and lava flows. We determined the ages of lava flows cut by the Pernicana fault system at 12 sites using cosmogenic 3He and 40Ar/39Ar techniques in order to determine the recent slip history of the fault. From the displacementage relations, we estimate an average throw rate of ~2.5 mm/yr over the last 15 k.y. The slip rate appears to have accelerated during the last 3.5 k.y., with displacement rates of up to ~15 mm/yr, whereas between 3.5 and 15 ka, the throw rate averaged ~1 mm/yr. This increase in slip rate resulted in significant changes in seismicity rates, for instance, decreasing the mean recurrence time of M ≥ 4.7 earthquakes from ~200 to ~20 yr. Based on empirical relationships, we attribute the variation in seismic activity on the Pernicana fault system to factors intrinsic to the system that are likely related to changes in the volcanic system. These internal factors could be fault interdependencies (such as those across the Taupo Rift, New Zealand) or they could represent interactions among magmatic, tectonic, and gravitational processes (e.g., Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii). Given their effect on earthquake recurrence intervals, these interactions need to be fully assessed in seismic hazard evaluations.
    Description: Published
    Description: 304-317
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 7
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    Geochemistry of the mantle source and magma feeding system beneath Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-29
    Description: Turrialba volcano lies in the southern sector of the Central American Volcanic Front (CAVF) in Costa Rica. The geochemistry of major and trace elements, and Sr and Nd isotopes of a selected suite of volcanic rocks ranging in composition from basaltic andesite to dacite and belonging to the last 10 ka of activity of Turrialba volcano is described, together with the He-, Ne-, and Ar-isotope compositions of fluid inclusions hosted in olivine and pyroxene crystals. Most of the variability in the rock chemistry is consistentwith typical trends of fractional crystallization, but there is an outlying group of andesites that displays an adakite-like composition (with a consistent depletion in high-field-strength elements and a marked enrichment in Sr) and low 3He/4He ratios (7.0–7.2 Ra). The trace-element composition of these rocks is typical of subduction-related magmas influenced by an OIB-like component at the source associated with the subduction of the Galapagos seamounts. The 87Sr/86Sr (0.703612–0.703678) and 143Nd/144Nd (0.512960–0.512984) ratios of the bulk rocks vary within narrowranges, and are among the least-radiogenic isotope signatures of the CAVF volcanoes. The 3He/4He ratios measured in fluid inclusions hosted in olivine crystals (up to 8.1 Ra) are among the highest for the CAVF, and indicate that radiogenic 4He from fluids derived fromthe subducting slab contribute negligibly to the mantle wedge. The difference in He isotopes between most of studied rocks and those showing adakite-like features reasonably reflects two distinct components in the local mantle: (1) a MORB-like component, characterized by the highest He-isotope ratios (7.8–8.1 Ra), and (2) an OIB-like component, characterized by lower He-isotope ratios (7.0–7.2 Ra), coming from the subduction of the Galapagos seamounts. An overview at the regional scale indicates that high He-isotope ratios are peculiar to the two extreme sectors of the CAVF (Costa Rica to the south and Guatemala to the north), whereas in the central sector (Nicaragua) the magma source is probably contaminated by slab fluids. For the past few years Turrialba volcano has been in a volcanic unrest phase that has included a series of explosions, the most recent of which occurred between October 2014 and May 2015. The volcano is subject to an ongoing safety alert due to the possibility of a magmatic eruption. One of the crucial questions to be addressed is the kind of eruption that can be expected, and hence what type of magma is likely to be involved. The high 3He/4He ratios (7.8–8.0 Ra) measured during 2011 at high-temperature fumaroles of Turrialba craters are comparable to those measured in fluid inclusions of basaltic andesites that erupted in 1864–1866, suggesting that the magma currently feeding the shallow plumbing system has similar geochemical characteristics to the most recently erupted magma.
    Description: Published
    Description: 319-335
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Turrialba ; 3He/4He ratio ; Fluid inclusions ; Adakite ; MORB mantle ; OIB mantle ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    So close, so different: geothermal flux shapes divergent soil microbial communities at neighbouring sites (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-14
    Description: This study is focused on the (micro)biogeochemical features of two close geothermal sites (FAV1 and FAV2), both selected at the main exhalative area of Pantelleria Island, Italy. A previous biogeochemical survey revealed high CH4 consumption and the presence of a diverse community of methanotrophs at FAV2 site, whereas the close site FAV1 was apparently devoid of methanotrophs and recorded no CH4 consumption. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques were applied to describe the bacterial and archaeal communities which have been linked to the physicochemical conditions and the geothermal sources of energy available at the two sites. Both sites are dominated by Bacteria and host a negligible component of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (phylum Thaumarchaeota). The FAV2 bacterial community is characterized by an extraordinary diversity of methanotrophs, with 40% of the sequences assigned to Methylocaldum, Methylobacter (Gammaproteobacteria) and Bejerickia (Alphaproteobacteria); conversely, a community of thermo-acidophilic chemolithotrophs (Acidithiobacillus, Nitrosococcus) or putative chemolithotrophs (Ktedonobacter) dominates the FAV1 community, in the absence of methanotrophs. Since physical andchemical factors of FAV1, such as temperature and pH, cannot be considered limiting for methanotrophy, it is hypothesized that the main limiting factor for methanotrophs could be high NH4+ concentration. At the same time, abundant availability of NH4+ and other high energy electron donors and acceptors determined by the hydrothermal flux in this site create more energetically favourable conditions for chemolithotrophs that outcompete methanotrophs in non-nitrogen-limited soils.
    Description: Published
    Description: 150–162
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: geothermal soils ; geomicrobiology ; chemolithotrophs ; methanotrophs ; Pantelleria ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Temporal variations of helium isotopes in volcanic gases quantify pre-eruptive refill and pressurization in magma reservoirs: The Mount Etna case (2016)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-11
    Description: Two approaches to the challenging aim of forecasting impending eruptions are searching for empirical precursors and developing suitable interpretative models. Here we present high-resolution time series of 3He/4He ratios measured in gases emitted from peripheral vents around Mount Etna volcano (Italy), which revealed variations with strong correlations over both time and a broad spatial scale. The main eruptive episodes are preceded by increases in 3He/4He, making this ratio a unique tracer for monitoring volcanic activity. These features strongly reflect pressurization beneath the volcano due to deep magma influx. We propose a pioneering model that relates the changes in 3He/4He to the time-dependent outflow of volatiles from a magmatic chamber subjected to evolution of its internal pressure due to magma injection. At Mount Etna, the model makes it possible to estimate in near real time key parameters such as the rate of magma input and volume change in deep chamber preceding eruptions, and to compare them with geodetic estimations. This represents an unprecedented use of 3He/4He to obtain quantitative information on the physics of magmatic systems. Volcanoes showing changes of 3He/4He ratio in discharged gases due to unrest episodes are widespread in the world, and therefore we envisage extensive future applications of this approach.
    Description: Published
    Description: 499-502
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: volcanic gas geochemistry ; physical modeling ; helium isotopes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    New evidence of CO2 soil degassing anomalies on Piton de la Fournaise volcano and the link with volcano tectonic structures (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Piton de la Fournaise (PdF) is recognised as one of the world’s most active volcanoes in terms of eruptive frequency and the substantial quantity of lava produced. Yet, with the sole exception of rather modest intracrateric fumarole activity, this seems to be in contrast with an apparent absence of any type of natural fluid emission during periods of quiescence. Measurement campaigns were undertaken during a long-lasting quiescent period (2012-2014) and just after a short lived summit eruption (June 2014) in order to identify potential degassing areas in relation to the main structural features of the volcano (ex. rift zones) with the aim of developing a broader understanding of the geometry of the plumbing and degassing system. In order to assess the possible existence of anomalous soil CO2 flux, 513 measurements were taken along transects roughly orthogonal to the known tectonic lineaments crossing PdF edifice. In addition, 53 samples of gas for C isotope analysis were taken at measurement points that showed a relatively high CO2 concentration in the soil. CO2 flux values range from 10 to 1300 g m-2 d-1 while 13C are between -26.6 to -8‰. The results of our investigation clearly indicate that there is a strong spatial correlation between the anomalous high values of diffusive soil emissions and the main rift zones cutting the PdF massif and, moreover, that generally high soil CO2 fluxes show a d13C signature clearly related to a magmatic origin.
    Description: INSU (CNRS) and La Réunion Préfecture (Projet pour la quantification de l’aléa volcanique à La Réunion)
    Description: Published
    Description: 4388–4404
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: CO2 soil degassing anomalies at Piton de la Fournaise ; d13C magmatic signature ; Close link between anomalous CO2 degassing and the main seismotectonic structures ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Asynchronous changes of CO2, H2 and He concentrations in soil gases: a theoretical model and experimental results (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper focuses on the chemical composition changes in soil gases through both a theoretical model and laboratory experiments. The model describes the one-dimensional mass transfer process, which is triggered by changes in the flux parameters of the system, and the time-dependent evolution of the composition of the soil gases as a function of i) the pristine gas mixture, ii) the diffusivity of the chemicals, and iii) the thickness of the transited medium. Carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2), and helium (He) were used in a laboratory-scale flux simulator to investigate the evolution of the gas composition profile in an artificial soil of constant thickness. The agreement between the theoretical calculations and the experimental results supports the validity of the model. Our results indicate a good reproducibility of the transient changes in the concentrations of CO2, He, and H2 in CO2-rich gas mixtures that contain He and H2 as trace gases. Finally, the theoretical results were used to analyze the H2 and CO2 continuous monitoring data collected at Etna volcano in 2010
    Description: Published
    Description: 1565–1583
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Soil gases ; Volcanic gas composition ; Hydrogen ; Carbon dioxide ; CO2 ; Helium ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Imaging the three-dimensional architecture of the Middle Aterno basin (2009 L’ Aquila earthquake, Central Italy) using ground TDEM and seismic noise surveys: preliminary results (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present preliminary results from a multidisciplinary geophysical approach ap- plied to the imaging of the three-dimensional architecture of the Middle Aterno basin, close to the epicentral area of the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake (central Italy). We collected several time domain electromagnetic soundings (TDEM) coupled with seismic noise measurements focu- sing on the characterization of the bedrock/in ll interface. Our preliminary results agree with existing geophysical data collected in the area, and show that the southeastern portion of the basin is characterized by a deepening of the Mesozoic-Tertiary bedrock down to a depth of more than 450 m. We found that a joint use of electromagnetic and seismic methods signi - cantly contributes in obtaining new insights on the 3D geometry of the Middle Aterno basin. Moreover, we believe that our combined approach based on TDEM and noise measurements can be adopted to investigate similar geological settings elsewhere.
    Description: Published
    Description: Pescina (AQ), Italy
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: Central Apennines ; extensional basin ; TDEM ; ambient noise ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE GAS MANIFESTATIONS OF GREECE: METHANE AND LIGHT HYDROCARBONS (2016)
    Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-09
    Description: Greece has a very complex geodynamic setting deriving from a long and complicat-ed geological history being characterized by intense seismic activity and enhanced geothermal gradient. This activity, with the contribution of an active volcanic arc, favours the existence of many gas manifestations. Depending on the prevailing gas species, the latter can be subdivided in three main groups: CO2-, N2- and CH4-dominated. In the present work, we focus on methane and light hydrocarbons (C2-C6) to define their origin. CH4 concentrations (〈2 to 915,200 μmol/mol) and isotop-ic ratios (δ13C -79.8 to +16.9 ‰, δD -298 to +264‰) cover a wide range of values indicating different origins and/or secondary post-genetic processes. Samples from gas discharged along the Ionian coast and in northern Aegean Sea have a prevail-ing microbial origin. Cold and thermal gas manifestations of central and northern Greece display a prevalent thermogenic origin. Methane in gases released along the active volcanic arc is prevailingly abiogenic, although thermogenic contributions cannot be excluded. Gases collected in the geothermal areas of Sperchios basin and northern Euboea are likely affected by strong secondary oxidation processes, as suggested by their highly positive C and H isotopic values (up to +16.9‰ and +264‰ respectively) and low C1/(C2+C3) ratios.
    Description: Submitted
    Description: Thessaloniki, Greece
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: open
    Keywords: Hellenic territory ; hydrothermal gases ; cold gas emissions ; origin of hydrocarbon gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 14
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    Dissolved inert gases (He, Ne and N2) as markers of groundwater flow and degassing areas at Mt Etna volcano (Italy) (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Fractions of the volatiles ascending from magma chambers meet groundwaters flowing away from the volcano summit and are carried to great distance as dissolved gases. The complex interactions between ascending magmatic volatiles, tectonic structures, heterogeneities in rock permeability and flow lines of aquifers deeply affect the dispersion of the dissolved species. Studying the spatial distribution of such species can therefore provide valuable information on the circulation of fluids inside volcanic edifices. Our study focussed on the composition of dissolved inert gases (He, Ne and N2) and He isotope ratio (3He/4He) in groundwaters circulating at Mt Etna volcano (Italy), because the concentrations of these species differ markedly between magmatic and shallow(crustal and atmospheric) sources, and they do not interact chemically with rocks. We identified groundwaters that flow through anomalously degassing areas associated with clearly evident or known tectonic structures. These waters show a typically magmatic He isotope composition (high 3He/4He ratios) and high proportions of dissolved magmatic gases (He and CO2) compared to the atmospheric ones (Ne and N2). Downstream of the degassing structures, along the hydrological outflows, we found groundwaters that are progressively enriched in atmospheric-derived gases (Ne and N2) and exhibited lower 3He/4He ratios. On this basis, we set up a model of unidimensional dispersion-advection of inert volatile solutes, coupled with a two-layer model for the dynamic exchange of volatiles through the aquifer–atmosphere interface. The model is able to quantitatively explain the progressive dilution of the magmatic signal over distances of several kilometres from the source location of the anomaly towards the final part of the flow lines at the coast. Typical hydrogeological parameters such as the flow velocity, rock permeability and rate of air–groundwater interaction can be constrained, and underground pathways of waters can be identified. Waters that are anomalously rich in magmatic tracers with respect to their peripheral position along the flowlines reflect arrival of deep gases frombelow, and they therefore offer a powerful tool for revealing hidden tectonic structures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 10-21
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Dissolved gas in water ; Noble gas geochemistry ; Groundwater flow ; Nitrogen geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 15
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    Annual Report of the HP-HT laboratory of EXPERIMENTAL VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS and NEW TECHNOLOGIES laboratory (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori sperimentali e analitici
    Description: open
    Keywords: experimental volcanology and geophysics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.02. Geochronology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 16
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    Pianeta Terra - Una storia non finita (2016)
    Società editrice il Mulino, Bologna
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Dallo stadio iniziale, caldissimo, circa 4,56 miliardi di anni fa, la Terra si sta lentamente raffreddando. Il rapporto che la lega all’uomo si fa ogni giorno più intenso: crescita demografica e sviluppo tecnologico richiedono un maggiore sviluppo delle fonti energetiche e un aumento dell’approvvigionamento di acqua e cibo. Capire come funziona il nostro pianeta è indispensabile per poterne utilizzare le risorse in modo sostenibile e per difendersi dai rischi naturali.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 5A. Energia e georisorse
    Description: 7IT. Educazione e divulgazione scientifica
    Description: 9IT. Geoetica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Terra ; Geologia ; Storia della Terra ; Tettonica delle Placche ; Geoetica ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book
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  • 17
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    La lezione della terra: tutto quello che ci hanno insegnato i terremoti (2016)
    RCS MediaGroup S.p.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Milano ospita una mostra sui sismi, dove uno spazio è riservato anche a quelli storici come Messina 1908. Una studiosa analizza i più importanti e ciò che abbiamo imparato
    Description: Published
    Description: 7IT. Educazione e divulgazione scientifica
    Description: 8IT. Informazione e editoria
    Description: 9IT. Geoetica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: terremoti ; micronazione sismica ; progettazione anti-sismica ; classificazione sismica ; pericolosità sismica ; rischio sismico ; liquefazione ; prevenzione ; normativa sismica ; politica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 18
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    Active upper crust deformation pattern along the southern edge of the Tyrrhenian subduction zone (NE Sicily): Insights from a multidisciplinary approach (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Using a multidisciplinary dataset based on gravimetric, seismic, geodetic and geological observations,we provide an improved picture of the shallow structure and dynamics of the southern edge of the Tyrrhenian subduction zone.With a local earthquake tomographywe clearly identify twomain crustal domains in the upper 15 kmcharacterized by different P-wave velocity values: a high-velocity domain comprising southeasternmost Tyrrhenian Sea, NE Sicily and Messina Straits, and a low-velocity domain comprising Mt. Etna and eastern Sicily. The transition between the two domains shows a good spatial correspondence with a wider set of faults including the Taormina Fault System (TFS) and the Aeolian–Tindari–Letojanni Fault System (ATLFS), two nearly SE-striking fault systems crossing northeastern Sicily and ending on the Ionian shoreline of Sicily according to many investigators. Within this set of faults, most of the deformation/seismicity occurs along the northern and central segments of ATLFS, compared to lowactivity along TFS. A lack of seismicity (both recent and historical) is observed in the southern sector of ATLFS where, however, geodetic data reveal significant deformation. Ourmultidisciplinary dataset including offshore observations suggests the southeastward continuation of the ATLFS into the Ionian Sea until joiningwith the faults cutting the Ionian accretionarywedge described in the recent literature. Our findings imply the existence of a highly segmented crustal shear zone extending from the Aeolian Islands to the Ionian Abyssal plain, that we believe plays the role of accommodating differential motion between the Southern Tyrrhenian unit and the western compressional domain of Sicily. The ATLFS, which is a main part of the inferred shear zone, behaves similarly to what often observed at the edges of retreating subduction
    Description: Published
    Description: 205-218
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: subduction edge ; seismic velocity structure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.02. Gravity methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.03. Gravity and isostasy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.04. Gravity anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.03. Global and regional models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 19
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    In situ determination of carbon isotopologues of CO2 emitted by soils (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The stable carbon isotopes of CO2 provide constraints about the sources and the fluxes between different carbon reservoirs and sinks such as the atmosphere, the biosphere, the carbon dioxide of deep origin, and the oceans. From a volcanological standpoint, the amount of CO2 emitted by soils during unrests equals or exceeds the carbon dioxide released from the craters of the volcanoes. Among the techniques of volcano surveillance, the stable isotope composition of carbon of the CO2 emitted from the ground is a proxy for magmatic activity. Since decades, the carbon isotope composition has been analyzed in the laboratory by mass spectrometer on the gas samples collected in field. Since a few years ago, the development of new optical class of isotope analyzer based on the infrared laser allowed to determine in situ the isotope composition of the atmospheric CO2. This study focuses on the measurement in situ of δ13C of the CO2 emitted by soils and shows the results of the tests carried out in the laboratory and in field. A special gas sampling method has been fine tuned to collect the gas at a constant flux rate from a depth of 50 cm in the soils, and to identify the isotopologues of the CO2. The method has been tested in the laboratory and in field with a Delta RayTM Isotope Ratio Infrared Spectrometer of the ThermoFisher Scientific, field-able to analyze the δ13C and δ18O of CO2. The gases were collected by a pumping system, and addressed online to the analyzer through a precision valve. This tailor-made device was added to the standard equipment of the instrument in order to adjust the gas flow in input to the analyzer. In this way, the CO2 concentration in the cell fulfills the concentration range of the analyzer (200 - 3500 ppm vol) in spite of the CO2 concentration in the ground gases. The spatial survey of carbon isotopologues of CO2 emitted by soils were performed at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands) on a sampling grid that consists of 20 measurement points on a 2.2 km2 area at the base of the La Fossa cone. The measurement of the soil CO2 flux was also performed in the same sampling grid according to the dynamic concentration method. The results indicate that the sampling system allows the measurement of δ13C in the ground gases with CO2 concentration in the range from 〈 1000 ppm vol to 100% vol. During the spatial survey we measured δ13C of CO2 values in the range -22‰ (organic source) to 0‰, that represents the signature of deep source of CO2 at Vulcano. Furthermore, the measurement of the δ13C allowed to differentiate the sources (volcanic, biogenic, atmospheric) involved in the CO2 emissions from the soils, and identify two areas of degassing with isotopic signature of deep origin at Faraglione and Grotta dei Palizzi. Furthermore, the results of the extensive investigation of both the spatial distribution of the carbon isotopologues and the CO2 flux from soils allowed to assess the budget of CO2 of deep origin emitted from the degassing areas.
    Description: Published
    Description: Firenze
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: open
    Keywords: CO2 isotopologues ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.02. Carbon cycling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 20
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    A theoretical model and the experimental results for the concentration transients of CO2, H2, and He in the volcanic gases (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The thorough understanding of the gas transport in porous media is of considerable interest in several environmental issues, such as the transport of contaminants, nutrient substances or moisture, and to applications in subsurface repository of nuclear wastes. In volcanology, the gas transport process affects the compositions of both the soils and the fumaroles gases, that are the proxy of the magmatic activity. Herein we study the transients of the chemical composition of the soil and fumaroles gases through the formulation of a theoretical model, and the gas flux experiments carried out in the laboratory. The theoretical model accounts for the gas releases in volcanic areas, and investigates the effects of the gas flux processes, the transport parameters in the soils, and the depth of the gas reservoir on the composition of the gas emissions. The model takes into account the process of the mass transfer triggered by the changes of the flux parameters in the system, and describes the time-dependent evolution of the composition of the soil gases as the result of the pristine gas mixture, the diffusivity of the chemicals, and the thickness of the medium. The approximate solution of the flux problem provides the retention time of the ith component of the gas mixture in the porous medium as function of the thickness of the soil, the advective flux rate, and the diffusivity of the chemicals. Carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2), and helium (He) were used in a laboratory-scaled flux simulator with the purpose of investigating the evolution of the composition profile in a porous medium of constant thickness. The comparison of the theoretical computations with the experimental results provides the evaluation of the compositional range of validity of the model. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that the measurement of both the delays between the transients in the concentration of different components, and the gas flux provides an evaluation of the depth of the gas reservoir, because of the retention time in the porous medium is a diffusivitydependent property, and also depends from the depth of the gas source
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: open
    Keywords: CO2 ; H2 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 21
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    Geochemical characterisation of gases along the dead sea rift: Evidences of mantle-CO2 degassing (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault system,where a lateral displacement between the African and Arabian plates occurs, is characterised by anomalous heat flux in the Israeli area close to the border with Syria and Jordan. The concentration of He and CO2, and isotopic composition of He and total dissolved inorganic carbon were studied in cold and thermalwaters collected along the DST, in order to investigate the source of volatiles and their relationship with the tectonic framework of the DST. The waters with higher temperature (up to 57.2 °C) are characterised by higher amounts of CO2 and helium (up to 55.72 and 1.91 ∗ 10−2 cc l−1, respectively). Helium isotopic data (R/Ra from 0.11 to 2.14) and 4He/20Ne ratios (0.41–106.86) show the presence of deep-deriving fluids consisting of a variable mixture ofmantle and crust end-members,with the former reaching up to 35%. Carbon isotope signature of total dissolved carbon from hot waters falls within the range of magmatic values, suggesting the delivery of deep-seated CO2. The geographical distribution of helium isotopic data and isotopic carbon (CO2) values coupled with (CO2/3He ratios) indicate a larger contribution of mantle-derived fluids affecting the northern part of the investigated area, where the waters reach the highest temperature. These evidences suggest the occurrence of a favourable tectonic framework, including a Moho discontinuity up-rise and/or the presence of a deep fault system coupled with the recent magmatic activity recognised in the northern part of Israel.
    Description: Published
    Description: 50–57
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Dead Sea Fault ; Fluid geochemistry ; Dissolved gases ; Helium isotopes ; Carbon isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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  • 22
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    Temporal and spatial correlations between soil CO2 flux and crustal stress (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In seismically active areas, tectonic stress deforms and breaks the rocks of the crust. Ongoing deformation produces detectable modifications in the shallower portions of the crust, resulting in a wide variety of changes in several parameters. In this paper, we report the results of a large-scale spatial (across an area of 15,000 km2) and temporal (up to 3 years) investigation of the relationship between active crustal stress and soil CO2 flux. We deployed a network of 10 automatic stations in most of the seismically active districts of southern Italy to monitor the soil CO2 fluxes, and we used seismicity data to track crustal stress. The results of the investigation show that the CO2 flux signals varied independently in the districts with low and sporadic seismicity. Conversely, in the only district with nearly continuous seismic activity, almost all of the CO2 flux signals were well correlated with each other, and we recorded a clear synchronous sharp increase of the seismicity and signals recorded by several stations. The high spatial and temporal correlation between seismicity and gas discharge evidenced in this study prove that the crustal stress associated with the seismogenic process is able to effectively modulate the gas release in a seismically active area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7071–7085
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Soil CO2 flux ; Crustal stress ; seismotectonic process ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 23
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    Lava flow hazards—An impending threat at Miyakejima volcano, Japan (2016)
    Elsevier B.V.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The majority of the historic eruptions recorded at Miyakejima volcano were fissure eruptions that occurred on the flanks of the volcano. During the last 1100 years, 17 fissure eruptions have been reported with a mean interval of about 76–78 years. In the last century, the mean interval between fissure eruptions decreased to 21–22 years, increasing significantly the threat of lava flowinundations to people and property. Herewe quantify the lava flow hazards posed by effusive eruptions inMiyakejima by combining field data, numerical simulations and probability analysis. Our analysis is the first to assess both the spatiotemporal probability of vent opening, which highlights the areas most likely to host a new eruption, and the lava flow hazard, which shows the probabilities of lava-flow inundation in the next 50 years. Future eruptive vents are expected in the vicinity of the Hatchodaira caldera, radiating from the summit of the volcano toward the costs. Areas more likely to be threatened by lava flows are Ako and Kamitsuki villages, as well as Miike port and Miyakejima airport. Thus, our results can be useful for risk evaluation, investment decisions, and emergency response preparation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-9
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: MAGFLOW model ; vent opening probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 24
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    Chemical and isotopic features of cold and thermal fluids discharged in the Southern Volcanic Zone between 32.5°S and 36°S: Insights into the physical and chemical processes controlling fluid geochemistry in geothermal systems of Central Chile (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: The Principal Cordillera of Central Chile is characterized by two belts of different ages and lithologies: (i) an eastern Mesozoic belt, consisting of limestone- and gypsum-rich sedimentary rocks at the border between Central Chile and Argentina, where the active volcanic arc occurs; and (ii) a western belt of Cenozoic age containing basaltic to andesitic volcanic and volcanoclastic sequences. This distinctive geological setting controls water chemistry of cold and thermal springs in the region, which are fed by meteoric water that circulates through deep regional structures. In the western sector of Principal Cordillera, water–rock interaction processes produce lowTDS, slightly alkaline HCO3 − dominatedwaters, although dissolution of underlyingMesozoic evaporitic rocks occasionally causes SO4 2− and Cl− enrichments. In this area, few Na+–HCO3 − and Na+–SO4 2− waters occurred, being likely produced by a Ca2+–Na+ exchange during water–rock interactions. Differently, the chemical features of Ca2+–Cl−waterswas likely related to an albitization–chloritization process affecting basaltic to andesitic rocks outcropping in this area. Addition of Na+–Cl− brines uprising from the eastern sector through the westverging thrust faults cannot be excluded, as suggested by the occurrence of mantle He (~19%) in dissolved gases. In contrast, in the eastern sector of the study region, mainly characterized by the occurrence of evaporitic sequences and relatively high heat flow,mature Na+–Cl− waters were recognized, the latter being likely related to promising geothermal reservoirs, as supported by the chemical composition of the associated bubbling and fumarolic gases. Their relatively low3He/4He ratios (up to 3.9 Ra)measured in the fumaroles on this area evidenced a significant crustal contamination by radiogenic 4He. The latter was likely due to (i) degassing from 4He-rich magma batches residing in the crust, and/or (ii) addition of fluids interacting with sedimentary rocks. This interpretation is consistent with the measured δ13C-CO2 values (from−13.2 to−5.72‰vs. V-PDB) and the CO2/3He ratios (up to 14.6 × 1010), which suggest that CO2 mostly originates from the limestone-rich basement and recycling of subducted sediments,with an important addition of sedimentary (organic-derived) carbon,whereas mantle degassing contributes at a minor extent. According to geothermometric estimations based on the Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ contents, the mature Na+–Cl− rich waters approached a chemical equilibrium with calcite, dolomite, anhydrite, fluorite, albite, K-feldspar and Ca- andMg-saponites at a broad range of temperatures (up to ~300 °C) In the associated gas phase, equilibria of chemical reactions characterized by slowkinetics (e.g. sabatier reaction) suggested significant contributions from hot and oxidizing magmatic gases. This hypothesis is consistent with the δ13C-CO2, Rc/Ra, CO2/3He values of the fumarolic gases. Accordingly, the isotopic signatures of the fumarolic steam is similar to that of fluids discharged from the summit craters of the two active volcanoes in the study area (Tupungatito and Planchón–Peteroa). These results encourage the development of further geochemical and geophysical surveys aimed to provide an exhaustive evaluation of the geothermal potential of these volcanic–hydrothermal systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 97-113
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Fluid geochemistry ; Central Chile ; Water–gas–rock interaction ; Hydrothermal reservoir ; Geothermal resource ; Volcanoes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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  • 25
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    Intense magmatic degassing through the lake of Copahue volcano, 2013-2014 (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Here we report on the first assessment of volatile fluxes from the hyperacid crater lake hosted within the summit crater of Copahue, a very active volcano on the Argentina-Chile border. Our observations were performed using a variety of in situ and remote sensing techniques during field campaigns in March 2013, when the crater hosted an active fumarole field, and in March 2014, when an acidic volcanic lake covered the fumarole field. In the latter campaign, we found that 566 to 1373 t d−1 of SO2 were being emitted from the lake in a plume that appeared largely invisible. This, combined with our derived bulk plume composition, was converted into flux of other volcanic species (H2O ~ 10989 t d−1, CO2 ~ 638 t d−1, HCl ~ 66 t d−1, H2 ~ 3.3 t d−1, and HBr ~ 0.05 t d−1). These levels of degassing, comparable to those seen at many open-vent degassing arc volcanoes, were surprisingly high for a volcano hosting a crater lake. Copahue's unusual degassing regime was also confirmed by the chemical composition of the plume that, although issuing from a hot (65°C) lake, preserves a close-to-magmatic signature. EQ3/6 models of gas-water-rock interaction in the lake were able to match observed compositions and demonstrated that magmatic gases emitted to the atmosphere were virtually unaffected by scrubbing of soluble (S and Cl) species. Finally, the derived large H2O flux (10,988 t d−1) suggested a mechanism in which magmatic gas stripping drove enhanced lake water evaporation, a process likely common to many degassing volcanic lakes worldwide.
    Description: Published
    Description: 6071–6084
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: water/rock interaction ; volcanic lakes ; volcanic/hydrothermal gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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  • 26
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    Holocene vertical deformation along the coastal sector of Mt. Etna volcano (eastern Sicily, Italy): implications on the time-space constrains of the volcano lateral sliding. (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: A detailed survey of morphological and biological markers of paleo-shorelines has been carried out alongthe coastal sector of Mt. Etna volcano (eastern Sicily, Italy), in order to better define causes and timing ofvertical deformation. We have mapped markers of raised Holocene shorelines, which are represented bybeach rocks, wave-cut platforms, balanid, vermetid and algal rims. The timing of coastal uplift has beendetermined by radiocarbon dating of shells collected from the raised paleo-shorelines and, to correctlyassess the total amount of tectonic uplift of the coast during the Late Holocene, we have compared theelevation-age data of sampled shells to the local curve of Holocene sea-level rise. Taking into accountthe nominal elevation of the associated paleo-shorelines, an uplift rate of 2.5–3.0 mm/year has beenestimated for the last 6–7 ka. This general process of uplifting is only locally interrupted by subsidencerelated to flank sliding of the volcanic edifice, measured at docks and other manmade structures, and byacceleration along the hinge of an active anticline and at the footwall of an active fault. Based on this newdata we suggest more precise time–space constraints for the dynamics of the lower eastern flank of Mt.Etna volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 194-203
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mt. Etna, Holocene, Paleo-shoreline, Coastal uplift, Flank instability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 27
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    Gas blowout from shallow boreholes near Fiumicino International Airport (Rome): Gas origin and hazard assessment (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-05
    Description: In summer 2013 a toxic and polluting gas blowout (19 tonnes day−1 CO2, 95 kg day−1 CH4) occurred from two shallow boreholes drilled at only 50 m from the International Airport of Rome (Italy), in the town of Fiumicino. Another gas blowout occurred in the same period from a borehole located offshore, 2 km away, also generating sea-water acidification; it lasted only a couple of days. Onshore, CO2was also diffusing fromholes within the soil, particularly toward the airport, generating a soil flux up to 1.8 tonnes day−1. In 3.5 months ~1500 tonnes of CO2 and 5.4 tonnes of CH4 were emitted in the atmosphere. Temporal monitoring of gas geochemistry indicates that in this area a mixing occurs between shallow and pressurized gas pockets, CO2-dominated, but with different chemical (i.e., He/CH4 ratio) and isotopic (3He/4He, δ13C-δDCH4) characteristics. Numerical simulation of CO2 dispersion in the atmosphere showed that dangerous air CO2 concentrations, up to lethal values, were only found near the vents at a height of 0.2 m. Fiumicino is a high blowout risk area, as CO2 rising through deep reaching faults pressurizes the shallowaquifer contained in gravels confined underneath shales of the Tiber delta deposits. The Fiumicino blowout is a typical example of dangerous phenomenon that may occur in urban context lying nearby active or recent volcanoes and requires quick response on hazard assessment by scientists to be addressed to civil protection and administrators.
    Description: Published
    Description: 54-65
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Endogenous gas blowout from shallow wells ; Chemical and isotopic composition of gas and water ; Viscous flux and diffuse soil gas flux measurements ; Simulation andmonitoring of air CO2 dispersion ; Hazard assessment ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
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  • 28
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    Subsurface hydrothermal processes and the bioenergetics of chemolithoautotrophy at the shallow-sea vents off Panarea Island (Italy) (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: The subsurface evolution of shallow-sea hydrothermal fluids is a function ofmany factors including fluid–mineral equilibria, phase separation, magmatic inputs, and mineral precipitation, all of which influence discharging fluid chemistry and consequently associated seafloor microbial communities. Shallow-sea vent systems, however, are understudied in this regard. In order to investigate subsurface processes in a shallow-sea hydrothermal vent, and determine how these physical and chemical parameters influence the metabolic potential of the microbial communities, three shallow-sea hydrothermal vents associated with Panarea Island (Italy) were characterized. Vent fluids, pore fluids and gases at the three sites were sampled and analyzed for major and minor elements, redoxsensitive compounds, free gas compositions, and strontiumisotopes. The corresponding data were used to 1) describe the subsurface geochemical evolution of the fluids and 2) to evaluate the catabolic potential of 61 inorganic redox reactions for in situ microbial communities. Generally, the vent fluids can be hot (up to 135 °C), acidic (pH 1.9–5.7), and sulfidic (up to 2.5 mM H2S). Three distinct types of hydrothermal fluids were identified, each with higher temperatures and lower pH,Mg and SO4, relative to seawater. Type 1 was consistently more saline than Type 2, and both were more saline than seawater. Type 3 fluids were similar to or slightly depleted in mostmajor ions relative to seawater. End-member calculations of conservative elements indicate that Type 1 and Type 2 fluids are derived from two different sources, most likely 1) a deeper, higher salinity reservoir and 2) a shallower, lower salinity reservoir, respectively, in a layered hydrothermal system. The deeper reservoir records some of the highest end-member Cl concentrations to date, and developed as a result of recirculation of brine fluids with long term loss of steam and volatiles due to past phase separation. No strong evidence for ongoing phase separation is observed. Type 3 fluids are suggested to be mostly influenced by degassing of volatiles and subsequently dissolution of CO2, H2S, and other gases into the aqueous phase. Gibbs energies (ΔGr) of redox reactions that couple potential terminal electron acceptors (O2, NO3 −, MnIV, FeIII, SO4 2−, S0, CO2) with potential electron donors (H2, NH4 +, Fe2+, Mn2+, H2S, CH4) were evaluated at in situ temperatures and compositions for each site and by fluid type.When Gibbs energies of reaction are normalized per kilogram of hydrothermal fluid, sulfur oxidation reactions are the most exergonic, while the oxidation of Fe2+, NH4 +, CH4, and Mn2+ is moderately energy yielding. The energetic calculations indicate that the most robust microbial communities in the Panarea hot springs combineH2S fromdeepwater–rock–gas interactions with O2 that is entrained via seawater mixing to fuel their activities, regardless of site location or fluid type.
    Description: Published
    Description: 21-45
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: submarine hydrothermal systems ; subsurface processes ; thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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  • 29
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    Mercury Degassing on Africa-Adriatic Tectonic Plate Margin (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Beside anthropogenic influences, mercury in the environment can also be of natural origin. Among geologic sources, volcanic activity has been of main interest so far. Modern estimations of global natural emissions are between 2000 and 5200 tonnes per year. However, these estimates are very uncertain, thus more detailed and systematic research on natural sources of mercury is necessary. Tectonic activity is connected to certain phenomena such as degassing of Hg and other gases from active faults, geothermal activity, volcanoes, etc., especially on tectonic plate margins. Elemental mercury concentrations in air, soil gases and fluxes, as well as its speciation, in connection to tectonic activity, were studied in different environments such are karst cave (Postojna Cave), active volcano areas (Mt. Etna, Italy), and active tectonic areas in the Mediterranean Basin on Africa-Adriatic tectonic plate margin. Postojna Cave is characterized by elevated Hg (up to 150 ng m-3) air concentrations at certain areas in vicinity of active faults; however the concentrations showed also strong seasonal variations. Mt. Etna on Sicily is the largest and most active Mediterranean volcano. Concentrations of mercury in air in the vicinity of the volcano are relatively high (between 4 and 30 ng m-3) and rise towards the summit crater (65 to 130 ng m-3). Concentrations in sulphatare and fumaroles gases on the summit of the volcano can reach very high values (even up to 60 μg m-3). The Mediterranean Basin is characterized by strong tectonic activity as a consequence of subduction of African plate under the Eurasian plate. A possible source of DGM (dissolved gaseous mercury in sea water) in deeper and bottom waters could be intensive tectonic activity of the seafloor, since higher concentrations and portions of DGM were found near the bottom at locations with strong tectonic activity (Alboran Sea, Strait of Sicily, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ionian Sea). Distribution of different mercury species in sediment and water of the Mediterranean Sea showed that the main source of mercury is geotectonic activity and its accompanying phenomena.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mercury ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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    Recent AEM Case Study Examples of a Full Waveform Time-Domain System for Near-Surface and Groundwater Applications (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Early time or high frequency airborne electromagnetic data (AEM) are desirable for shallow sounding or mapping of resistive areas but this poses difficulties due to a variety of issues, such as system bandwidth, system calibration and parasitic loop capacitance. In an effort to address this issue, a continued system design strategy, aimed at improving its early-channel VTEM data, has achieved fully calibrated, quantitative measurements closer to the transmitter current turn-off, while maintaining reasonably optimal deep penetration characteristics. The new design implementation, known as “Full Waveform” VTEM was previously described by Legault et al. (2012). This paper presents some case-study examples of a Full Waveform helicopter time-domain EM system for near-surface applications
    Description: Published
    Description: EG31
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: HTEM; data inversion; data processing; instrument implementation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
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  • 31
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    Between history, work and passion: medieval castle, mud volcanoes and Ferrari (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-01
    Description: Periodico semestrale del Servizio Geologico d'Italia - ISPRA e della Società Geologica Italiana
    Description: Published
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: open
    Keywords: mud volcano ; badlands ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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  • 32
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    Note illustrative della Carta Geologica d’Italia alla scala 1: 50.000 foglio 128 Venezia (2015)
    APAT - Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo, Servizio Geologico d’Italia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-11
    Description: Published
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: open
    Keywords: Venezia ; Cartografia Geologica ; Progetto CARG ; Stratigrafia ; Banca Dati ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Investigation of Late-Quaternary sediments from the South Yellow Sea and the Yangtze River Delta (China) (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The results of a study to determine the geochemical, mineralogical, magnetic and textural characteristics done on Late-Quaternary sediments from drill cores from the South Yellow Sea (core H106) and the Yangtze River Delta (core LA) (China) are reported. The Late-Pleistocene continental sedimentation is represented by clayey silt and hard clay layers, while the marine Holocene sediments consist mainly of clay (H106) and sand and clay layers (LA).
    Description: Published
    Description: Qingdao, China
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: open
    Keywords: Late-Quaternary ; South Yellow Sea ; Yangtze River Delta ; core LA ; core H106 ; magnetic susceptibility ; mineralogical analyses ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 34
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    Recent sand sediments grain-size determination by Image Analysis (2015)
    IGM-CNR, Bologna
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Presented in this study is the application of the Image Analysis (I.A.) technique as alternative to the traditional mechanical sieving methods for grain size determination (Bonardi & Tosi, 1994a). The application of Image Analysis technique to study the grain size of recent sand sediments has produced analytical data that are comparable to those obtained by conventional methods. Furthermore, the use of the Image Analysis has provided additional morphological parameters such as grain elongation, shape and roundness that can be useful clues to depositional environment reconstruction.
    Description: Published
    Description: Qingdao, China
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: open
    Keywords: Image Analysis ; grain size ; sand sediments ; Venetian Lagoon ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 35
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    3D Hydrogeological Model Building Using Airborne Electromagnetic Data (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We develop a 3D geological modelling procedure supported by the combination of helicopter time-domain electromagnetic data, seismic reflection data, and water well records for the Spiritwood buried valley aquifer system in Manitoba, Canada. Our procedure is an innovative hybrid of knowledge-driven and data-driven schemes that provides a clear protocol for incorporating different types of geophysical data into a 3D stratigraphic model framework. The limited spatial density of water well bedrock observations precludes detection of the buried valley bedrock topography and renders the water well records alone inadequate for accurate hydrogeological model building. The expert interpretation of the geophysical data allows for leveraging of a spatially extensive dataset with rich information content that would be otherwise difficult to utilize for lithostratigraphic classification.
    Description: Published
    Description: Tu PA1 07
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Hydrogeological modeling, 3D modeling, airborne electromagnetic; Cognitive modelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
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  • 36
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    The carbon-isotope signature of ultramafic xenoliths from the Hyblean Plateau (southeast Sicily, Italy): Evidence of mantle heterogeneity (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigated the carbon isotope composition of mantle source beneath the Hyblean Plateau (southeast Sicily, Italy) by studying CO2 in fluid inclusions from ultramafic xenoliths recovered in some Miocene diatremes. In order to constrain the processes influencing the isotopic marker of carbon we combined d13CCO2 results with information about noble gases (He and Ar) obtained in a previous investigation of the same products. Although Ar/CO2 and He/Ar ratios provide evidence of Rayleigh-type fractional degassing, the isotopic geochemistry of carbon is poorly influenced by this process. Mixing related to metasomatic processes where MORB-type pyroxenitic melts permeate a peridotite mantle probably contaminated by crustal fluids inherited from a fossil subduction can explain the measured d13C and CO2/3He variations, ranging from 24&to 22& and from 109 to 1010, respectively. Simple mass-balance calculations highlighted that the Hyblean peridotite source was mainly contaminated by the carbonate source, being carbonate and organic matter present at a ratio that varied within the range from 7:1 to 4:1.
    Description: Published
    Description: 600-611
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: xenoliths ; mantle heterogeneity ; Hyblean Plateau ; fluid inclusions ; isotopic carbon ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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  • 37
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    Mantle-derived fluids discharged at the Bradanic foredeep/Apulian foreland boundary: the Maschito geothermal gas emissions (southern Italy) (2015)
    Elsevier Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The mephitis of Maschito, known since historical times as Lago Fetente (Smelly Lake) -although the lake is now dry-, is located twenty kilometers from the Mt. Vulture volcanic edifice (Southern Italy). It is placed along the same regional tectonic discontinuity where some maars are located, close to the boundary between the foredeep and the Apulian foreland. About 300 m2 of surface is lacking in flora, while dead animals are frequently found all around it. The smelly exhalations are mainly composed of CO2 (∼ 98 %), and, in lesser amounts, of H2S, N2, CH4 and other hydrocarbons. He, Ne and Ar occur in trace amounts. The CO2 isotopic composition is in the range of that of the main active Italian volcanic gases. The helium isotopic ratio (4.7 Ra) fits with the values measured in Mt. Vulture volcano and particularly with the olivine and pyroxene fluid inclusions of mantle xenoliths ejected during its last volcanic activity (140,000 years). The 40Ar/36Ar isotopic ratio of ∼320 supports some minor non-atmospheric contributions. The C/3He ratio (2.9x109) is in the typical range of magma released fluids, while δ13C(CH4) and δD(CH4) values fall in the field of thermogenic methane. T The amount of CO2 released is about 3200 tons/year. The flux of mantle-derived helium (〉 7 x1010 atoms m-2s-1) is at least three orders of magnitude higher than that of a stable continental crust. This study strongly supports the possibility that Maschito manifestations are fed by a geothermal system, which is powered by a degassing melt, bearing in mind that the Maschito gas emissions fall along the same fault system of the Monticchio maars, which formed during Mt. Vulture volcano’s last activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 309-314
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Geothermal System ; Helium ; Gas flux ; tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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  • 38
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    Radiogenic helium degassing and rock fracturing: a case study of the southern Apennines active tectonic region (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Gas from mud volcanoes, dry mofettes, springs, and wells were sampled in a region of active tectonics and high seismicity in the southern Apennines (Italy), where there is a long history of disastrous earthquakes, with the latest (Ms = 6.9) occurring in 1980. The fluids consist of a mixture of mantle-derived and crust-derived volatiles, with a low atmosphere-derived contribution, as identified by the He isotope signature and He/Ne ratio measurements. One year of monthly monitoring of the He concentrations and He isotopes revealed no seasonal modifications or variations induced by low seismicity. There are extraordinary high outputs of 4He produced in the crust in the area (up to 2.5 × 1028 atoms yr 1). These outputs cannot be solely due to the whole-rock production rate and a long-lasting diffusion degassing through the crust of the produced 4He. This study explored the relation between the volume of fractured rock and the related release of He. The results support that crustal degassing can be controlled by tectonic events resulting in earthquakes. The high seismicity in this sector of the Apennines provides the conditions necessary for a massive release of He that has accumulated in the rock over a long time period. We identified that the assessed high crustal 4He output can be attributed to an intense fracturing of a calculable volume of rock, which gives new constraints on the volume of rock involved in high-magnitude earthquakes in the region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2200-2211
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: xtraordinary high radiogenic helium flux in continental region ; Release of crustal 4He due to rock fracturing ; Relationship between rock involved in earthquake and radiogenic He flux ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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  • 39
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    Abiotic gas: atypical but not rare (2015)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Abiotic gaseous hydrocarbons comprise a fascinating, but poorly understood, group of Earth fl uids generated by magmatic and gas–water–rock reactions that do not directly involve organic matter. At least nine different inorganic mechanisms, including Fischer-Tropsch type reactions, occur over a wide range of temperatures. Trace amounts (typically parts per million by volume) are formed in volcanic and geothermal fl uids, but considerable amounts of methane, reaching 80–90 vol%, are now recognized in an increasing number of sites in Precambrian crystalline shields and serpentinized ultramafi c rocks. Surface manifestations of abiotic gas related to serpentinization release gas directly to the atmosphere in ways that are similar to seepages of ordinary biotic gas from petroliferous areas. Abiotic methane is more widespread than previously thought. It also likely exists in sites undergoing active serpentinization and may be present in petroleum systems in the vicinity of serpentinized rocks.
    Description: Published
    Description: 291-296
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Abiotic methane ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 40
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    Boron, lithium and methane isotope composition of hyperalkaline waters (Northern Apennines, Italy): terrestrial serpentinization or mixing with brine? (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Spring waters issuing from serpentinized ultramafic rocks of the Taro-Ceno Valleys (Northern Apennine, Emilia-Romagna region, Italy) were analyzed for major element, trace element and dissolved gas concentrations and d11B, d7Li, d18O(H2O), d2H(H2O), d13C(CH4) and d2H(CH4) isotope compositions. Similar to other springs worldwide that issue from serpentinites, the chemical composition of the waters evolves with water–rock interaction from Ca-HCO3, through Mg-HCO3 and ultimately to a hyperalkaline Na- (Ca)-OH composition. Most of the Ca- and Mg-HCO3 springs have d11B ranging between +16.3‰ and +23.7‰, consistent with the range of low P–T serpentinites. Very high d11B in two springs from Mt. Prinzera (PR10: +39‰; PR01: +43‰) can be related to isotopic fractionation during secondary phase precipitation, as also inferred from d7Li values. In contrast to typical abiogenic isotope signatures of CH4 from serpentinized rocks, dissolved CH4 from the Taro-Ceno hyperalkaline springs has an apparent biotic (thermogenic and/or mixed thermogenic-microbial) signature with d13C(CH4) ranging from 57.5‰ to 40.8‰, which is similar to that of hydrocarbons from production wells and natural seeps in adjacent hydrocarbon systems. The data suggest that CH4 in the hyperalkaline springs investigated in this study may derive from organic matter of the sedimentary (flysch and arenaceous) formations underlying the ophiolite unit. However, small amounts of H2 were detected in one hyperalkaline spring (PR10), but for two springs with very low CH4 concentrations (PR01 and UM15) the d2H value could not be measured, so the occurrence of some abiotic CH4 cannot be excluded. The occurrence of thermogenic CH4 in ophiolites may be a widespread phenomenon, and thus the characterization of serpentinization-related gases requires accurate evaluation of the regional context including a careful knowledge of the relationships with surrounding sedimentary rocks and their hydrocarbon potential.
    Description: Published
    Description: 17-25
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Serpentinization, methane ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 41
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    The geology of the 2nd century A.D. Amphitheater Area of Catania, Italy: Historical Eruptions Affecting the Urban District (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The amphitheater of Catania is one of the main architectural structures built during Roman domination of the town. It was constructed in two successive phases between the 1st and 2nd centuries A.D. and fell into disuse from the second half of the 4th century. Detailed geological and petrographic investigations allow better geomorphological reconstruction of the area where the monument was built. In particular, the western and eastern portions of the amphitheater are built on prehistoric lava flows, named Barriera del Bosco and Larmisi, respectively. We infer that the choice of site to build the monument was highly influenced by the morphological setting of the area. In fact, the location at the contact between two lava flow fields facilitated excavation and removal of rocks due to the incoherence of the scoriaceous lateral border of the lava flows. Integrating both archaeological and geological data has revealed that a large number of Neolithic, Greek, and Roman sites are located in the lava fields of Barriera del Bosco and Larmisi within the present urban district of Catania, indicating that during its long history the city was directly impacted by only one lava flow, namely in A.D. 1669.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-16
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Etna, geology, Catania, amphitheater ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 42
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    Mantle CO2 degassing at Mt. Vulture volcano (Italy): Relationship between CO2 outgassing of volcanoes and the time of their last eruption (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Mantle volatiles are mainly lost from the Earth to the atmosphere through subaerial and submarine volcanism. Recent studies have shown that degassing of mantle volatiles also occurs from inactive volcanic areas and in tectonically active areas. A new challenge in Earth science is to quantify the mantle-derived flux of volatiles (e.g., CO2) which is important for understanding such diverse issues as the evolution of the atmosphere, the relationships between magma degassing and volcanic activity, gas pressure and seismogenic processes, and the hazards posed by volcanic lakes. Here we present a detailed study of mantle-derived CO2 budget from Mt. Vulture volcano in the Apennines, Italy, whose latest eruption occurred 141 ± 11 kyr ago. The relationship between δ13CCO2 and total dissolved carbon at Mt. Vulture volcano indicates that the emitted CO2 is a mixture of a biogenic end-member with an average δ13CCO2 of about −17h and a mantle-derived CO2 end-member with δ13CCO2 values from −3h to +2h. These values of mantle- derived δ13CCO2 are in the range of those for gas emitted from active volcanoes in the Mediterranean. We calculated the contribution of individual components (CO2 in groundwater, in lakes and from main pools) to the total CO2 budget in the area. We used new measurements of water flow, combined with literature data, to calculate the CO2 flux associated with groundwater, and measured the gas flux from the main pools on the volcanic edifice. Finally, we calculated the CO2 flow in the lakes based on the gradient concentration and eddy diffusivity. The total mantle-derived CO2 budget in the area is 4.85×108 molyr−1, which is more than double previous estimates. This is higher than those observed in younger volcanic systems elsewhere, thereby supporting the existence of actively degassing mantle melts below Mt. Vulture volcano. A structural map highlights the tectonic control on CO2 flow across the Mt. Vulture volcanic edifice. Indeed, the tectonic discontinuities that controlled the magma upwelling during the most recent volcanic activity are still the main active degassing structures. The new estimate of CO2 budget in the Mt. Vulture area, together with literature data on CO2 budget from historically active and inactive Italian volcanoes, suggests a power-law functional relationship between the age of the most recent volcanic eruption and both total discharged CO2 (R2 = 0.73) and volcano size-normalized CO2 flux (R2 =0.66). This relation is also valid by using data from worldwide volcanoes highlighting that deep degassing can occur over very long time too. In turn, the highlighted relation provides also an important tool to better evaluate the state of activity of a volcano, whose last activity occurred far in time. Finally, our study highlights that in the southern Apennines, an active degassing of mantle-derived volatiles (i.e., He, CO2) occurs indiscriminately from west to east. This is in contrast to the central– northern Apennine, which is characterized by a crustal radiogenic volatile contribution, which increases eastward, coupled to a decrease in deep CO2 flux. This difference between the two regions is probably due to lithospheric tears which control the upwelling of mantle melts, their degassing and the transport of volatiles through the crust.
    Description: Published
    Description: 268-280
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: deep CO2 budget ; groundwater ; carbon isotopes ; CO2 degassing ; lithospheric fault systems ; Mt. Vulture volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 43
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    Preliminary study of the surface ground displacements in the Crati Valley (Calabria) by means of InSAR data (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We applied the multi-temporal Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) InSAR technique to investigate the ground displacements in the Crati Valley (Calabria, Southern Italy). The SBAS technique application to image data sets of the European Space Agency (ESA) Envisat satellite from 2003 to 2010, allowed us to obtain the displacement time series and the mean ground velocity map of the Crati Valley. We observed the existence of vertical displacements with velocity up to ~ -7 mm/yr in the central sector of the valley and the prevalence of horizontal deformation ranging from ~ -10 (eastward displacement) to ~10 mm/yr (westward displacement) along its sides. The subsidence processes have been correlated to tectonics and to the compaction of the recent sedimentary infilling of the valley with locally contribution due to the diffuse and fast urbanization. Along East and West sides the widespread landslides are considered the main responsible of the horizontal displacements.
    Description: Published
    Description: 20-23
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: SBAS-InSAR, Crati Valley, Subsidence, Landslides, Human activities ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 44
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    I sedimenti tardo-quaternari dell'area litorale veneziana: analisi delle caratteristiche fisico-meccaniche (2015)
    Consiglio Nazionale dei Geologi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Abstract: This paper describes the geotechnical properties of the Venetian littoral. Analyses of 110 cohesive soil samples and 338 granular, taken from 30 cores, 25-30 meters in depth, were considered. The classical geotechnical classification supported by statistical analysis has pointed out that the compression index presents the best correlations with void ratio index and natural water content. Moreover, this paper shows the importance of the Atterberg limits to distinguish the cohesive soils of the late Pleistocene from those of the Holocene. Granular sediments have shown a zonation of both the grain size distribution and permeability coefficient. Resumé: Pour l'analyse des caractéristiques géotecniques du littoral venitien, qui est le sujet de ce travail, on a étudié 110 échantillons de terrains cohérents et 338 de terrains granulaires. Ces échantillons ont été prélevés de 30 carottages efféctués à la profondité moyenne de 25-30 m., et ils représentent les dernières 25.000-30.000 années de sèdiments quaternaires. En considérant la masse des donneés disponibles pour l'elaboration traditionnelle des propriétés géotechniques, une élaboration statistique a été utilisée pour obtenir des meilleures rélations de synthèse. En particulier, on a vu l'importance des limites de Attemberg pour effectuer la distinction entre les terrains cohérents du Pleistocene tardif et ceux de l'Olocene. En plus, la correlation du plus haut niveau de l'indice de compression est celle avec le pourcentage naturel d'eau et l'indice des vides. En ce qui concerne les terrains granulaires, on a verifié qu'il existe des zonations de la distribution granulometrique et du coeficient de perméabilité. Riassunto: Per l'analisi delle caratteristiche geotecniche del litorale veneziano, argomento di questo lavoro, sono stati studiati 110 campioni di terreni coesivi e 338 di terreni granulari prelevati da 30 sondaggi terebrati lungo il cordone litoraneo a profondità medie di 25-30 metri che rappresentano gli ultimi 25.000-30.000 anni di sedimentazione quaternaria. In considerazione della massa di dati disponibili all'elaborazione tradizionale delle proprietà geotecniche si è affiancata un'elaborazione statistica (analisi discriminante) che ha permesso di fornire relazioni di sintesi maggiormente interpretative. In particolare è emerso il potere selettivo dei limiti di Atterberg per distinguere i terreni coesivi tardo-pleistocenici da quelli olocenici. Inoltre si è visto che l'indice di compressione presenta le correlazioni più elevate con il contenuto naturale d'acqua e l'indice dei vuoti. Per quanto concerne i terreni granulari si sono riscontrate zonazioni della distribuzione granulometrica e del coefficiente di permeabilità.
    Description: Published
    Description: 47-60
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geotecnica ; Pleistocene ; Olocene ; Venezia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 45
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    New mafic magma refilling a quiescent volcano: Evidence from He-Ne-Ar isotopes during the 2011–2012 unrest at Santorini, Greece (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: n 2011-2012 Santorini was characterized by seismic-geodetic-geochemical unrest, which was unprecedented since the most-recent eruption occurred in 1950 and led to fear an eruption was imminent. This unrest offered a chance for investigating the processes leading to volcanic reactivation and the compositional characteristics of involved magma. We have thus analyzed the He-Ne-Ar-isotope composition of fluid inclusions in olivines and clinopyroxenes from cumulate mafic enclaves hosted in cogenetic dacitic lavas of the 1570–1573 and 1925–1928 eruptions of Nea Kameni. These unique data on Aegean volcanism were compared with those of gases collected in quiescent periods and during the unrest. The 3He/4He-ratios (3.1–4.0Ra) are significantly lower than the typical arc-volcano values (R/Ra~7–8), suggesting the occurrence of magma contamination in Santorini plumbing system, which would further modify the 3He/4He-ratio of parental magmas generated in the local metasomatized mantle. The 3He/4He-values of enclaves (3.1–3.6Ra) are comparable to those measured in gases during quiescent periods, confirming that enclaves reflect the He-isotope signature of magma residing at shallow depths and feeding passive degassing. A significant increase in soil CO2 flux from Nea Kameni and anomalous compositional variations in the fumaroles were identified during the unrest, accordingly with previous studies. Simultaneously, 3He/4He-ratios up to 4.0Ra were also measured, demonstrating that the unrest was due to the intrusion into the shallow plumbing system of a more-primitive 3He-rich magma, which is even volatile richer and less contaminated than mafic magma erupted as enclaves. This new intrusion did not however trigger an eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: 798–814
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Santorini ; 3He/4He ratio ; enclave ; fluid inclusion ; mafic magma ; magma intrusion ; unrest ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 46
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    Geochemical variations during the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Several geochemical surveys (soil gas and shallow water) were performed in the Modena province (Massa Finalese, Finale Emilia, Medolla and S. Felice sul Panaro), during 2006-2014 period. In May-June 2012, a seismic sequence (main shocks of ML 5.9 and 5.8) was occurred closely to the investigated area. In this area 300 CO2 and CH4 fluxes measurements, 150 soil gas concentrations (He, H2, CO2, CH4 and C2H6), 30 shallow waters and their isotopic analyses ( 13C– CH4, D– CH4 and 13C– CO2) were performed in April-May 2006, October and December 2008, repeated in May and September 2012, June 2013 and July 2014 afterwards the 2012 Emilia seismic sequences. Chemical composition of soil gas are dominated by CH4 in the southern part by CO2 in the northern part. Very anomalous fluxes and concentrations are recorded in spot areas; elsewhere CO2 and CH4 values are very low, within the typical range of vegetative and of organic exhalation of the cultivated soil. After the seismic sequence the CH4 and CO2 fluxes are increased of one order of magnitude in the spotty areas, whereas in the surrounding area the values are within the background. On the contrary, CH4 concentration decrease (40%v/v in the 2012 surveys) and CO2 concentration increase until to 12.7%v/v (2013 survey). Isotopic gas analysis were carried out only on samples with anomalous values. Pre-seismic data hint a thermogenic origin of CH4 probably linked to leakage from a deep source in the Medolla area. Conversely, 2012/2013 isotopic data indicate a typical biogenic origin (i.e. microbial hydrocarbon production) of the CH4, as recognized elsewhere in the Po Plain and surroundings. The 13C-CO2 value suggests a prevalent shallow origin of CO2 (i.e. organic and/or soil-derived) probably related to anaerobic oxidation of heavy hydrocarbons. Water samples, collected from domestic, industrial and hydrocarbons exploration wells, allowed us to recognize different families of waters. Waters are meteoric in origin and, apart one sample, are not thermally anomalous. Stable isotopes of H and O point out the absence of mixing with connate waters, prolonged interaction with the host-rock at high temperature and/or heavy gas-water exchange at depth. Isotopic carbon composition emphasizes its organic (i.e. shallow) origin; only “La Canonica” site, the deepest well sampled in this study, shows a probable deep(er) provenance of dissolved carbon. Waters trend away from the atmospheric end-member composition, dissolving CO2 or CH4 depending on their redox state. Dissolved radon activity is very low, likely due to the particular hydrogeological setting of the study area (i.e. the presence of waters with long residence times in the considered aquifers). Obtained results highlight a different behavior before and after the seismic events, proved also by the different carbon isotopic signature of CH4. These variations could be produced by increasing of bacterial (e.g. peat strata) and methanogenic fermentation processes in the first meters of the soil.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Vienna
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: geochemical survyes ; Seismic sequence ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 47
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    Natural Gas Seepage (2015)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Published
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Gas seepage, methane ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 48
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    Study of the ground subsidences in the Sibari Plain (Southern Italy) detected by InSAR data analysis (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigated surface ground deformations in the Sibari Plain (SP - Calabria, Southern Italy) by means of Small Baseline Subset multi-temporal InSAR technique (SBAS), applied to two SAR datasets acquired from 2003 up to 2013 by Envisat (ESA, European Space Agency) and COSMO-SkyMed (ASI, Italian Space Agency) satellites. The retrieved InSAR data show the existence of ground subsidence phenomena up to ~ -20 mm/yr. Our investigation is based on integration between InSAR data and geological, well-logs, land use and hydrogeological information. The results show a direct correlation among subsidence, the thickness of Plio-Pleistocene succession and thickness and lithology of the late Holocene deposits. We identified the fast urbanization of the coastal area during the last ~50 yr and the water table drop as incremental factors of subsidence phenomena. The second factor, due to intensive use of ground water for agriculture, is not the triggering cause of subsidence processes on contrary to the assumption of some previous publications. No evidence of tectonic contribution in the ground deformation pattern is observed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 24-27
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: SBAS, InSAR data, Sibari Plain, Subsidence ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
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  • 49
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    Preface: Approaches and methods to improve risk management in volcanic areas (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Active volcanoes can generate multiple types of geological hazards. Besides syneruptive threats (e.g., lava, pyroclastic flows or ash fall), other adverse events such as landslides or lahars can occur at any time. To manage these threats efficiently, three key objectives must be jointly addressed: (1) improving prevention tools, through the collection and acquisition of data on hazards and risks, and its dissemination as maps and scenarios; (2) improving crisis management capabilities, based on monitoring and early warning systems, but also reliable communications systems; and (3) reducing people’s vulnerability and developing recovery and resilience capabilities after an event has occurred. The special issue “Approaches and methods to improve risk management in volcanic areas” presents research results focusing on these three objectives. It demonstrates the utility of addressing them jointly, and particularly examines the case of volcanoes where little knowledge is available. These results were presented at the conference Integrated Approaches for Volcanic Risk Management (Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, 11/12 September 2012) of the European MIAVITA (MItigate and Assess risk from Volcanic Impact on Terrain and human Activities) project.
    Description: This special issue has been supported by the MIAVITA project, financed by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development, Area “Environment”, Activity 6.1 “Climate Change, Pollution and Risks”.We thank the NHESS editors and supporting staff for hosting this special issue. We also thank all participants to the MIAVITA project for their contributions, and Chris Newhall for very useful advice. We are grateful to the referees for reviewing the papers of this special issue, whose time and work contributed considerably to the quality of the paper. Finally, we thank Stephen Conway for proofreading this preface.
    Description: Published
    Description: 197-201
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: volcanic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 50
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    Reflectance Spectra Measurements of Mt. Etna: A Comparison with Multipsectral/Hyperspectral Satellite (2015)
    An Academic Publisher
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The reflectance spectra were measured with a FieldSpecPro from 350 nm to 2500 nm during a fieldwork in June 2007. The reflectance has been compared with reflectance obtained by multispectral Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and by hyper spectral EO1-Hyperion satellites. Prior the comparison, reflectance spectra have been convolved with ASTER and EO1-Hyperion spectral functions. The results show percentage errors in accordance to those present in literature in the ASTER SWIR range. However, some differences have been confirmed for the ASTER reflectance product (ASTER_07) in visible channels. Regarding EO1-Hyperion, a good agreement of reflectance against field measurement has been found resulting in 5% percentage maximum error in the VIS and up 30% in SWIR spectral range. The capacity of reproducing spectral feature by EO1-Hyperion has been checked on bright pixels (ice-snow) in the acquired image.
    Description: The authors thank D. Pieri, ASTER science Team Member, for the data acquisition planning support and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology for providing ASTER imagery. We further thank the EO1 team for their free data policy, C. Carli for his support in the field measurements. We thank B. Behncke, A. La Spina and F. Murè (INGV Catania) for logistic support and assistance with their knowledge of the Mt. Etna area. A special thanks to Prof. Andrew Hardy for his English check.
    Description: Published
    Description: 235-245
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: 5IT. Osservazioni satellitari
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Reflectance spectra ; satellite ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest::05.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 51
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    Studio sedimentologico di un livello di argilla sovraconsolidata sottostante il litorale veneziano (2015)
    Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: ABSTRACT The effect of global climatic changes that occurred since the last Würmian glaciation is recognizable in the stratigraphic sequences of the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary zone from several coastal areas in different locations around the world. This study gives the results of mineralogical, chemical, and textural investigations of about fifty samples of the hard clay layers and the clay layers above and below underlying the Venice littoral. This hard clay layer, locally known as caranto, from few centimeters to few meters thick, represents the Holocene/Pleistocene boundary and it carries the marks of climate changes that characterized the last phase of the Pleistocene and the early part of the Holocene. The very dry climate during a period of very limited sedimentation and a long subaerial exposition, desiccated, compacted and oxidized the clay previously deposited, to form the overconsolidated clay level (caranto). RIASSUNTO Gli effetti delle variazioni climatiche succedutesi, su scala globale, a partire dall'ultima glaciazione würmiana sono riconoscibili nelle sequenze stratigrafiche in varie località costiere sparse in tutto il mondo. In questo studio vengono riportati i risultati preliminari di una indagine sulle caratteristiche mineralogiche, geochimiche e tessiturali di circa cinquanta campioni di un livello di argilla sovraconsolidata e degli strati argillosi sopra e sottostanti, lungo il litorale veneziano. Questo strato di argilla sovraconsolidata, noto come "caranto", con spessore variante da pochi centimetri ad alcuni metri, rappresenta il limite Olocene/Pleistocene e conserva gli effetti dei cambiamenti climatici che hanno caratterizzato l'ultima fase del Pleistocene e quella iniziale dell'Olocene. Il clima freddo e molto arido, durante un periodo di sedimentazione molto limitata e la prolungata esposizione subaerea hanno determinato l'essiccamento, la compattazione e l'ossidazione dell'ultima sedimentazione continentale argillosa, sino a formare quel livello sovraconsolidato che e' noto col nome locale di caranto.
    Description: Published
    Description: 952-960
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: open
    Keywords: caranto ; limite Olocene/Pleistocene ; Venezia ; geotecnica ; mineralogia ; argille ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Studio dei sedimenti tardo-quaternari del litorale veneziano: contributo alle indagini paleoclimatiche ed ambientali (2015)
    Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: ABSTRACT The imprints of paleoevolutionary processes that affected the Venice lagoon and its littoral during the Late-Quaternary can be found in the sand and c/ay layers underlying the Venetian basin. Sedimentological characteristics of the Late-Pleistocene and Holocene sand and clay sedimentation during the past 25-30.000 years, before the human impact, in the lagoon of Venice, are reported. The multidisciplinary investigation of clay and sand sediments and the development and application of new analytical techniques and methodologies, allowed the detailed mineralogical, geochemical and textural characterization of the recent sediments. The new data obtained not only may contribute to better understand the paleoevolutionary events that took place in the Venetian basin and the impact of the paleoclimatic variations on the depositional environments, but also they may be used as a sediment natural reference base for a more accurate quantification of the pollution level in the bottom sediments of the lagoon of Venice. RIASSUNTO Gli strati di sabbia e di argilla sottostanti il bacino veneziano conservano le tracce dei processi paleoevolutivi che hanno influenzato la laguna di Venezia ed il suo litorale. Lo studio multidisciplinare dei sedimenti sabbiosi ed argillosi depositatisi durante gli ultimi 25-30.000 anni, prima dell'impatto antropico, e lo sviluppo ed utilizzo di nuove metodologie analitiche, hanno permesso una caratterizzazione mineralogica, geochimica e tessiturale dettagliata dei sedimenti recenti. I nuovi dati ottenuti possono non solo contribuire a meglio comprendere gli eventi paleoevolutivi succedutisi nel bacino veneziano e l'impatto delle variazioni paleoclimatiche sugli ambienti deposizionali, ma possono anche servire come base naturale di riferimento per una più accurata quantificazione dei livelli di inquinamento dei sedimenti di fondo soggetti ad antropizzazione della laguna di Venezia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 920-936
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: open
    Keywords: Pleistocene ; Olocene ; Mineralogia ; Sabbie ; Argille ; Venezia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 53
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    Distribution, composition and origin of coalbed gases in excavation fields from the Preloge and Pesje mining areas, Velenje Basin, Slovenia (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Coal gas outbursts (especially CO2) present a high risk in mining of lignite in the Velenje Coal Mine, located in the Velenje Basin in northern Slovenia. A programme of monitoring geochemical parameters was set up to help understand the behaviour of the coalbed gas distribution in advance of the working face using mass spectrometric methods to study its molecular and isotopic compositions and origin. Coalbed gas samples from four different excavation fields (G2/C and K.-130/A from the north and south Preloge mining area and K.-5/A and K.-50/C from the Pesje mining area), which were operational between the years 2010 and 2011 were investigated. The major gas components are CO2 and methane. Temporal changes in the chemical and isotopic composition of free seamgaseswere observedwithin boreholes as a function of the advancement of theworking face. The study also revealed that at a distance of around 120 m from the working face, the influence of coal exploitation by the Velenje Longwall Mining Method causes coalbed gas to migrate. At a distance of 70 m the lignite structure is crushed causing desorption of fixed CO2 from the coal. Differences in coalbed gas composition at the longwall panels which underlie the unmined area or under previously mined areas were found. A high CDMI {=[CO2/(CO2+CH4)]100 (%)} indexwith values up to 95.6% was typical for areas of pre-mined excavation fields (South Preloge K.-130/A and Pesje area K.-5/A), while in excavation fieldswith no previous mining activity (North Preloge G2/C and Pesje area K.-50/C) up to 61.9 vol % of CH4 was detected. The concentration measurements and isotopic studies revealed endogenic CO2 (including CO2 originating from dissolution of carbonates) with δ13CCO2 values ranging from −7.0‰ to 5.5‰, microbial methane and CO2 with values ranging from −70.4 to −50‰ and from −11.0 to −7.0‰, respectively. Higher δ13CCH4 values ranging from −50 to −19.8‰ could be attributed to so-called secondary processes influencing the δ13CCH4 value, such as migration due to lignite excavation (escape of isotopically lighter methane). In excavation fields (G2/C and K.-50/C) with no-premining activity higher δ13CCH4 values could also be explained by migration of methane fromdeeper strata. The δ13CCH4 value also depended on the depth of the excavation field; at shallower levels of the excavation field (K.-5/A) a lower δ13CCH4 value was traced indicating microbial gas, while at deeper levels higher δ13CCH4 values were found.
    Description: Slovenian Research Agency (L2-4066 and L1-5451)
    Description: Published
    Description: 363-377
    Description: 5A. Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Excavation fields Advancement of the working face Coalbed gas composition Stable isotopes Coalbed gas origin Velenje Basin ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 54
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    Improving Seismic Surveillance at Mt. Etna Volcano by Probabilistic Earthquake Location in a 3D Model (2015)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The increasing accuracy of 3D velocity models developed recently for Mt. Etna has enabled their use today in routine earthquake locations. In this work, we tested the potential and performance of a global-search probabilistic earthquake location method (NonLinLoc) in a 3D velocity model, to improve earthquake locations for seismic surveillance. In addition, NonLinLoc hypocenter locations and those obtained by standard iterative-linear 3D locations, SimulPS-14, have also been compared. To this end, a dataset of 328 selected earthquakes, occurring during the 2002–2003 Etna flank eruption, and the recent highest resolution 3D velocity model, have been used. The results revealed that the differences in hypocentral coordinates between the two methods are typically of the same order or smaller than the spatial location uncertainty. To evaluate the consistency of results between the two 3D location algorithms, synthetic datasets with real source–receiver configuration are also considered. Furthermore, by using NonLinLoc we estimated the influence of the source–receiver geometry on the quality of hypocenter locations. If we vary the network geometry in a dense and well-distributed network like at Etna, reducing the number of stations (by 20% and 50%), it is significant that no large systematic hypocentral shifts of the relocated earthquakes are observed if they occur within the network. NonLinLoc is a fast and promising approach for automatic earthquake locations and surveillance purposes at Mt. Etna, because (1) it works well with a reduced number of seismic pickings, which are usually available in the automatic locations; (2) it is not particularly sensitive to tolerable levels of random noise in arrival times; and (3) it produces full location uncertainty and resolution information with respect to standard iterative-linear 3D locations.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2447–2459
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Probabilistic location-Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 55
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    ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS: AD MAJORA (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Annals of Geophysics (ISSN: 1593-5213; from 2010, 2037-416X) is a bimonthly international journal, which publishes scientific papers in the field of geophysics sensu lato. It derives from Annali di Geofisica (ISSN: 0365-2556), which commenced publication in January 1948 as a quarterly periodical devoted to general geophysics, seismology, Earth magnetism, and atmospheric studies....
    Description: Published
    Description: E0191
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: 5T. Sorveglianza sismica e operatività post-terremoto
    Description: 6T. Sismicità indotta e caratterizzazione sismica dei sistemi naturali
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: 2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosfera
    Description: 3A. Ambiente Marino
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: 5A. Energia e georisorse
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori sperimentali e analitici
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico e sistemi informatici
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: 5IT. Osservazioni satellitari
    Description: 6IT. Sale operative
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: editorial ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.01. Composition and Structure ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.03. Pollution ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.04. Processes and Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.05. Radiation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.06. Thermodynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.01. Ion chemistry and composition ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.02. Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.03. Forecasts ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillations ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.01. Interplanetary physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.02. Magnetic storms ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.03. Magnetospheric physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.04. Structure and dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.05. Solar variability and solar wind ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.06. Instruments and techniques ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.01. Active layer ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.02. Cryobiology ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.03. Cryosol ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.04. Periglacial processes ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.05. Seasonally frozen ground ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.06. Thermokarst ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.07. Tundra ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.01. Avalanches ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.02. Cryosphere/atmosphere Interaction ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.03. Geomorphology ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.04. Ice ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.05. Ice dynamics ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.06. Mass balance ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.07. Ocean/ice interaction ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.08. Rock glaciers ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.09. Snow ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.10. Instruments and techniques ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.01. Aerosols ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.02. Atmospheric Chemistry ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.03. Climate Indicators ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.04. Ice Core Air Bubbles ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.05. Paleoclimate ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.06. Precipitation ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.07. Teleconnection ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.08. Temperature ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.09. Instruments and techniques ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.01. Atmosphere/sea ice/ocean interaction ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.02. Leads ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.03. Polynas ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.04. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.01. Analytical and numerical modeling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.02. Equatorial and regional oceanography ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.05. Operational oceanography ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.06. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.07. Physical and biogeochemical interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.01. Channel networks ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.05. Models and Forecasts ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.06. Water resources ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.02. General circulation ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.04. Upper ocean and mixed layer processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.05. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.02. Carbon cycling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.04. Ecosystems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.07. Radioactivity and isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.02. Gravity methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.03. Heat flow ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.02. Earth rotation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.03. Gravity and isostasy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.04. Gravity anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.09. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.02. Geochronology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.01. Dynamo theory ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.03. Global and regional models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.05. Main geomagnetic field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.09. Environmental magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.01. Continents ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.03. Heat generation and transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.02. Cellular automata, fuzzy logic, genetic alghoritms, neural networks ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.04. Hydrogeological data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.05. Collections ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest::05.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.06. Methods::05.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.02. Hydrogeological risk ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 56
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    Evidence of climatic variations in Upper Pleistocene and Holocene sediments from the Lagoon of Venice (Italy) and the Yellow Sea (China) (2015)
    World Resource Review
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The effects of global climatic changes that occurred since the last Quaternary glaciation are recognizable in the stratigraphic sequences from several coastal zones in different locations around the world. The paleoevolution of the Northern Adriatic Sea and the Yellow Sea during the last 25,000 years has been characterized by several similar episodes of climatic changes. We report on the effects of climatic changes on the mineralogical composition and textural characteristics of clay and sand sedimentations in these paleoenvironments that are geographically far apart, correlating regional paleoclimatic changes with the mineralogical composition variations of sand and clay sequences. The mineralogical investigation has evidenced an increase of Quartz and Feldspar percentages and a decrease of Calcite and Dolomite during colder periods. Two depositional events, the hard clay layers and the cemented sand formations, that carry the imprints of the climatic conditions during their diagenesis are here reported and described. The hard clay layers represent the last continental sedimentation deposited during the Upper Pleistocene. The compactness of these clay layers is probably due to a long exposure to a cold and very dry climate. The water inside cemented sands studied were found under and outside of the Venice Lagoon and are similar to the beachrock formations presently found in tropical regions in intertidal zones. These cemented sands are remnants of ancient shorelines and witnesses of warm climate events.
    Description: Published
    Description: 101-112
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Paleoenvironments ; Sediments ; Late Quaternary ; Yellow Sea ; Venice ; Beachrock ; Pleistocene ; Holocene ; Electron Microprobe (EPMA) ; Backscattered Detector (BSD) ; Energy Dispersion Spectrometer (EDS). ; X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) ; Scanning Electron Microscopc (SEM) ; Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Trace elements mobility in soils from the hydrothermal area of Nisyros (Greece) (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-09
    Description: Nisyros Island, Greece, is a stratovolcano known for its intense hydrothermal activity. On June 2013, during a multidisciplinary field campaign, soil samples were collected in the caldera area to determinate the main mineralogical assemblages and to investigate the distribution of trace element concentrations and the possible relationship to the contribution of fluids of deep origin. Soil samples were analysed with XRD and for the chemical composition of their leachable (deionized water) and pseudo total (microwave digestion) fraction both for major and trace elements. The results allow to divide the samples in 2 groups: Lakki Plain and Stefanos Crater. The latter, where a fumarolic area is located, shows a mineralogical assemblage dominated by phases typical of hydrothermal alteration. Their very low pH values (1.9 – 3.4) show the strong impact of fumarolic gases which are probably also the cause of strong enrichments in these soils of highly volatile elements like S, As, Se, Bi, Sb, Tl and Te.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2SR. VULCANI - Servizi e ricerca per la Società
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Trace elements ; Hydrothermal alteration ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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    Low temperature production and exhalation of methane from serpentinized rocks on Earth: a potential analog for methane production on Mars (2015)
    Elsevier Inc NY Journals
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: We evaluate, based on terrestrial analogs, the potential flux, origin and isotopic signature of methane (CH4) from serpentinized or serpentinizing rocks on Mars. The Tekirova ophiolites, in Turkey, have been shown to release, either via focused vents or through diffuse microseepage, substantial amounts of CH4 which could be produced via catalyzed abiotic methanation (Sabatier reaction) at low temperatures (〈50 C). Serpentinized ultramafic rocks on Mars are likely to have necessary chemical constituents for methane production and fractures for release of gas to the atmosphere, similar to those on Earth. A simple, first-order estimation gas-advection model suggests that methane fluxes on the order of several mg m 2 d 1, similar to microseepage observed in terrestrial ophiolites, could occur in martian rocks. High temperature, hydrothermal conditions may not be necessary for abiotic CH4 synthesis on Mars: low temperature (〈50 C) methanation is possible in the presence of catalysts like ruthenium, rhodium or, more commonly, chromium minerals, which occur in terrestrial ophiolites as in martian mantle meteorites. The terrestrial analog environment of abiotic microseepage may thus explain production of methane on Mars in the ancient past or at present. The wide range of martian 12C/13C and D/H ratios and the potential secondary alteration of CH4 by abiotic oxidation, as observed on Earth, could result in large isotope variations of methane on Mars. CH4 isotopic composition alone may not allow definitive determination of biotic vs. abiotic gas origin. Using our terrestrial vs. martian analysis as guide to future Mars exploration we propose that direct methane and ethane gas detection and isotopic measurements on the ground over serpentinized/serpentinizing rocks should be considered in developing future strategies for unraveling the source and origin of methane on Mars.
    Description: Published
    Description: 276-285
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: methane, Mars, serpentinization ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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    Hydrogen isotope fractionation in land-based serpentinization systems. Comment on “Origin of methane in serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal systems: The CH4–H2–H2O hydrogen isotope systematics of the Hakuba Happo hot spring” by Suda et al. [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 386 (2014) 112–125] (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: no abstract available
    Description: Published
    Description: 373-375
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Abiotic methane, serpentinization ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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    Low-temperature catalytic CO2 hydrogenation with geological quantities of ruthenium: a possible abiotic CH4 source in chromitite-rich serpentinized rocks. (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Metal-catalysed CO2 hydrogenation is considered a source of methane in serpentinized (hydrated) igneous rocks and a fundamental abiotic process germane to the origin of life. Iron, nickel, chromium and cobalt are the catalysts typically employed in hydrothermal simulation experiments to obtain methane at temperatures 〉200°C. However, land-based present-day serpentinization and abiotic gas apparently develop below 100°C, down to approximately 40–50°C. Here, we document considerable methane production in thirteen CO2 hydrogenation experiments performed in a closed dry system, from 20 to 90°C and atmospheric pressure, over 0.9–122 days, using concentrations of non-pretreated ruthenium equivalent to those occurring in chromitites in ophiolites or igneous complexes (from 0.4 to 76 mg of Ru, equivalent to the amount occurring approximately in 0.4–760 kg of chromitite). Methane production increased with time and temperature, reaching approximately 87 mg CH4 per gram of Ru after 30 days (2.9 mgCH4/gru/day) at 90°C. At room temperature, CH4 production rate was approximately three orders of magnitude lower (0.003 mgCH4/gru/day). We report the first stable carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of abiotic CH4 generated below 100°C. Using initial d13CCO2 of -40&, we obtained room temperature d13CCH4 values as 13C depleted as 142&. With time and temperature, the C-isotope separation between CO2 and CH4 decreased significantly and the final d13CCH4 values approached that of initial d13CCO2. The presence of minor amounts of C2-C6 hydrocarbons is consistent with observations in natural settings. Comparative experiments at the same temperatures with iron and nichel catalysts did not generate CH4. Ru-enriched chromitites could potentially generate methane at low temperatures on Earth and on other planets.
    Description: Published
    Description: 438–452
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: abiotic methane, Sabatier reaction ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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    Level of CO2 degassing from the ground of Vesuvio: comparison between extensive surveys and inferences on the gas source. (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An extensive campaign of diffuse CO2 soil flux was carried out at the cone of Vesuvio in October 2006 with two main objectives: 1) to provide an estimation of CO2 diffusely discharged through the soils in the summit area and 2) to evidence those sectors of the volcano where structural and morphological conditions could favour the gas output. The survey consisted of 502 measurements of soil CO2 flux homogenously distributed over an area of about 1.8 km2. Results of this survey were compared with those obtained during a similar campaign carried out by Frondini et al. in 2000, from which we have taken and reinterpreted a subset of data belonging to the common investigated area. Graphical statistical analysis showed three overlapping populations in both surveys, evidencing the contribution of three different sources feeding the soil CO2 degassing process. The overall CO2 emission pattern of 2006 is coherent with that observed in 2000 and suggests that a value between 120 and 140 t/day of CO2 is representative of the total CO2 discharged by diffuse degassing from the summit area of Vesuvio. The preferential exhaling area lies in the inner crater, whose contribution resulted in 45.3% of the total CO2 emission in 2006 (with 62.8 t/day) and in 57.4% (with 70.3 t/day) in 2000, although its extension is only 13% of the investigated area. This highly emissive area correlated closely with the structural discontinuities of Vesuvio cone, mainly suggesting that the NW-SE trending tectonic line is actually an active fault leaking deep gas to the bottom of the crater. The drainage action of the fault could be enhanced by the “aspiration” effect of the volcanic conduit.
    Description: Published
    Description: S0449
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Fluid geochemistry, Gases, Volcano monitoring, Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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    New geochemical investigations in Platanares and Azacualpa geothermal sites (Honduras) (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Platanares and Azacualpa geothermal sites of Honduras are located in an inner part of the Caribbean Plate far from the active volcanic front of Central America. Here geology indicates that there are not the conditions for the occurrence of shallow magmatic heat sources for high-enthalpy geothermal resources. Geothermal perspectives are related to the possibility of a deep circulation of meteoric water along faults and the storage of the heated fluid in fractured permeable reservoirs. Geochemical geothermometers indicate a temperature for the deeper part of the geothermal reservoir close to 200 °C for Platanares and of 150–170 °C for Azacualpa. Calcite scaling, with subordinate silica deposition has to be expected in both sites. CO2 soil flux investigations have been carried out in both areas and reveal the presence of positive anomalies likely corresponding to the presence at depth of fractured degassing geothermal reservoirs. Compared with the geothermal areas of Central Italy whose reservoirs are hosted in carbonate rocks, e.g. Latera (Chiodini et al., 2007), the CO2 soil flux measured in Honduras is significantly lower (mean of 17 g/m2day at Platanares and of 163 g/m2day at Azacualpa) probably because of the dominant silicate nature of the deep reservoirs.
    Description: Published
    Description: 113-134
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Geothermal perspectives of Honduras, Water and gas geochemistry, Geothermometric estimations, CO2 soil flux investigation for the assessment of permeability at depth ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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    Flood hazard of the Somma-Vesuvius region based on historical (19-20th century) and geomorphological data (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper presents a preliminary susceptibility map of the flood hazard for the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic district, worked out by means of multidisciplinary historical, geological, geomorphological and rainfall data processing. It is well known that the Somma-Vesuvius volcano, due to its explosive volcanism and the dense urbanization of the surrounding area, with a population exceeding 650,000 is one of the most dangerous active volcanoes of the world. Although this area has been extensively studied from the volcanological point of view with regards to its volcanic hazard, there are currently not many detailed studies about its flood hazard factors, despite the fact that, in the last century, many intense rainfall events in this area have produced several floods that invaded the surrounding plains affecting towns and roads, and causing much damages and loss of lives. Accordingly, in this paper high-resolution DEM (5×5 m pixel) and detailed geomorphological maps of the whole area have been analyzed and processed in GIS environment, carrying out a comparative study of the present-day morphology and the morphology of the 1900’s volcanic edifice, including changes of infrastructures and buildings throughout the last century. These results, together with historical chronicles data and the rainfall accurate data for all flood events, have been processed in this paper for highlighting the drainage basins areas of Somma-Vesuvius where the flood phenomena could be more probable in the future, working out a preliminary zoning map, also suggesting in which sectors interventions useful for mitigation of flood risk should be implemented.
    Description: Published
    Description: S0434
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Flood hazard, Geomorphological data, Somma-Vesuvius ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Fluid Expulsion in Terrestrial Sedimentary Basins: A process providing potential analogs for giant polygons and mounds in the martian lowlands (2015)
    Elsevier Inc NY Journals
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-16
    Description: On Earth, burial of fine-grained sediments in offshore passive margins (e.g., underwater fans and deltas) commonly results in fluid expulsion features including large-scale polygonal fractures, mud volcanoes, and pockmarks. Comparison of resulting offshore polygons and mud volcanoes with giant polygons and high-albedo mounds in the Chryse–Acidalia region of Mars shows the terrestrial and martian features to be similar in size, morphology, geologic context, and general co-occurrence within the same basin. These similarities suggest that the process of terrestrial fluid expulsion may provide an analog that could link the giant polygons and mounds in Chryse and Acidalia to a single process. Moreover, while the terrestrial offshore polygons and mud volcanoes commonly develop in the same basins, these features do not necessarily occur in exactly the same locations within those basins, as they are independent responses to compaction and dewatering. Thus, the fluid expulsion analog does not require that the martian giant polygons and mounds have identical distributions. This is the situation in Chryse and Acidalia where the giant polygons and mounds are extensively developed and generally have overlapping distributions, but where each set of features may occur in places without the other. This fluid expulsion analog is enhanced by the fact that giant polygons and mounds in Chryse and Acidalia cooccur in a regional sense and in a geologic setting that is consistent with a fluid expulsion model of formation. Implications of this analog may impact our view of the role of water in the depositional history of the martian lowlands.
    Description: Published
    Description: 424-432
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mars, seepage, gas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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    Geostatistical techniques application to dissolved radon hazard mapping: an example from the western sector of the Sabatini Volcanic District and the Tolfa Mountains (central Italy) (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-13
    Description: Dissolved Rn was determined in 192 samples collected from cold shallow volcanic and sedimentary aquifers, deep thermal aquifers and from waters associated with bubbling gases in the western sector of the Sabatini Volcanic District and the Tolfa Mountains (central Italy). Shallow aquifers hosted in the Quaternary volcanic complexes show values ranging from 1.0 to 352 Bq/L (median value 55 and inter-quartile distance 62 Bq/L), while waters circulating within the permeable horizons of the sandy-to-clayey sediments of the Tolfa flysch have values from 1.0 to 44 Bq/L (median value 6.9 and inter-quartile distance 8.1 Bq/L). Thermal waters are hosted in the Mesozoic carbonate formations and move towards the surface along faults. Here, dissolved Rn values range from 0 to 37 Bq/L (median value 3.0 and inter-quartile distance 9.5 Bq/L). Waters associated with bubbling gases show dissolved Rn contents ranging from 2.0 to 48 Bq/L (median value 6.2 and inter-quartile distance 23 Bq/L). Those results suggest that lithology is the main factor affecting the Rn contents in shallow aquifers, due to the high levels of Rn progenitors U and Ra in the volcanic rocks relative to sedimentary units. The influence of other factors such as the presence of a fracture network, seasonal flow variations, type of discharge (from well or spring) was also investigated. Radon contents of thermal waters result from mixing with shallow waters (from both volcanic and sedimentary rock aquifers) and decrease of Rn solubility with temperature, while for bubbling pools the effects of strong degassing were also considered. In terms of health hazard from direct ingestion of Rn-rich waters, 20.8% of those circulating within the volcanic aquifer show values higher than the recommended value of 100 Bq/L, while none of those circulating within the sedimentary aquifers exceed the threshold value. Geostatistical techniques were used for the elaboration of contour maps by using variogram models and kriging estimation aimed at defining the areas where a potential health hazard due to the direct ingestion of Rn-rich waters and to inhalation of air following degassing of Rn from waters may be expected.
    Description: Published
    Description: 312-324
    Description: 5A. Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: radon ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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    Modelling secondary microseismic noise by normal mode summation (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Secondary microseisms recorded by seismic stations are generated in the ocean by the interaction of ocean gravity waves.We present here the theory for modelling secondary microseismic noise by normal mode summation.We show that the noise sources can be modelled by vertical forces and how to derive them from a realistic ocean wave model. We then show how to compute bathymetry excitation effect in a realistic earth model by using normal modes and a comparison with Longuet–Higgins approach. The strongest excitation areas in the oceans depends on the bathymetry and period and are different for each seismic mode. Seismic noise is then modelled by normal mode summation considering varying bathymetry. We derive an attenuation model that enables to fit well the vertical component spectra whatever the station location. We show that the fundamental mode of Rayleigh waves is the dominant signal in seismic noise. There is a discrepancy between real and synthetic spectra on the horizontal components that enables to estimate the amount of Love waves for which a different source mechanism is needed. Finally, we investigate noise generated in all the oceans around Africa and show that most of noise recorded in Algeria (TAM station) is generated in the Northern Atlantic and that there is a seasonal variability of the contribution of each ocean and sea.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1732-1745
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Surface waves and free oscillations ; Seismic attenuation ; Theoretical seismology ; Wave propagation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Isotopic patterns of hydrothermal hydrocarbons emitted from Mediterranean volcanoes (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: We have analyzed the carbon isotopic composition of CO2, methane, ethane, propane and n-butane, the hydrogen isotopic composition of methane as well as total concentrations of gas constituents contained in theMediterranean volcanic–hydrothermal discharges of Nisyros (Greece), Vesuvio, La Solfatara, Ischia and Pantelleria (all Italy) to determine the origin of the hydrocarbons. Isotopic criteria conventionally used for hydrocarbon classification suggest thermogenic origins, except for Pantelleria, for which an abiogenic origin is indicated. These findings would imply that thermogenic sources can provide methane/(ethane + propane) concentration ratios as high as those usually observed for microbial hydrocarbons. However, additional consideration of gas concentration data challenges the suitability of conventional criteria for the classification of hydrocarbons emanating from hydrothermal environments. Methane seems to be in close equilibrium with co-occurring CO2, whereas its higher chain homologues are not. Therefore, it cannot be excluded that methane on the one hand and ethane, propane and n-butane on the other hand have distinct origins. The carbon isotopic composition of methane might be controlled by the carbon isotopic composition of co-occurring inorganic CO2 and by hydrothermal temperatures whereas the carbon isotopic composition of the higher n-alkanes could correspond to the maturity of organic matter and/or to the residence time of the gasses in the source system
    Description: Published
    Description: 152–163
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Hydrocarbons ; Abiogenic ; Thermogenic ; Stable isotopes ; Fumaroles ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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    Sudden deep gas eruption nearby Rome's airport of Fiumicino (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-24
    Description: On 24 August 2013 a sudden gas eruption from the ground occurred in the Tiber river delta, nearby Rome's international airport of Fiumicino. We assessed that this gas, analogous to other minor vents in the area, is dominantly composed of deep, partially mantle-derived CO2, as in the geothermal gas of the surrounding Roman Comagmatic Province. Increased amounts of thermogenic CH4 are likely sourced from Meso-Cenozoic petroleum systems, overlying the deep magmatic fluids. We hypothesize that the intersection of NE-SW and N-S fault systems, which at regional scale controls the location of the Roman volcanic edifices, favors gas uprising through the impermeable Pliocene and deltaic Holocene covers. Pressurized gas may temporarily be stored below these covers or within shallower sandy, permeable layers. The eruption, regardless the triggering cause—natural or man-made, reveals the potential hazard of gas-charged sediments in the delta, even at distances far from the volcanic edifices.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5632–5636
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: geothermal gas ; deep CO2 ; Tiber river delta ; thermogenic CH4 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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    Origin and interactions of fluids circulating over the Amik Basin (Hatay, Turkey) and relationships with the hydrologic, geologic and tectonic settings (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: We investigated the geochemical features of the fluids circulating over the Amik Basin (SE Turkey–Syria border), which is crossed by the Northern extension of theDSF (Dead Sea Fault) and represents the boundary area of three tectonic plates (Anatolian, Arabian and African plates). We collected 34 water samples (thermal and cold from natural springs and boreholes) as well as 8 gas samples (bubbling and gas seepage) besides the gases dissolved in the sampled waters. The results show that the dissolved gas phase is a mixture of shallow (atmospheric) and deep components either of mantle and crustal origin. Coherently the sampled waters are variable mixtures of shallow and deep ground waters, the latter being characterised by higher salinity and longer residence times. The deep groundwaters (fromboreholes deeper than 1000 m)have a CH4-dominated dissolved gas phase related to the presence of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The very unique tectonic setting of the area includes the presence of an ophiolitic block outcropping in the westernmost area on the African Plate, as well as basalts located to the North and East on the Arabic Plate. The diffuse presence of CO2-enriched gases, although diluted by the huge groundwater circulation, testifies a regional degassing activity. Fluids circulating over the ophiolitic block are marked by H2-dominated gases with abiogenic methane and high-pH waters. The measured 3He/4He isotopic ratios display contributions from both crustal and mantle-derived sources over both sides of the DSF. Although the serpentinization process is generally independent from mantle-type contribution, the recorded helium isotopic ratios highlight variable contents of mantle-derived fluids. Due to the absence of recent volcanism over the western side of the basin (African Plate), we argue that CO2-rich volatiles carrying mantle-type helium and enriched in heavy carbon, are degassed by deep-rooted regional faults rather than from volcanic sources.
    Description: Published
    Description: 23–39
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Dead Sea Fault ; Hydrogeochemistry ; Gas geochemistry ; He isotopes ; C isotopes ; Ophiolites ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.02. Carbon cycling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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    Caratteristiche geotecniche del sottosuolo del litorale veneziano (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Lungo il cordone litoraneo veneziano compreso tra la foce del fiume Brenta a Sud e quella del fiume Sile a Nord, è stata eseguita una serie di sondaggi geognostici a carotaggio continuo con il prelievo di numerosi campioni indisturbati e rimaneggiati allo scopo di approfondire, attraverso studi multidisciplinari, la conoscenza della struttura del sotto suolo di questo diaframma e le varie fasi evolutive ambientali della sua formazione. Per l'analisi delle caratteristiche geotecniche, argomento di questo lavoro, sono stati studiati 110 campioni di terreni coesivi e 338 di terreni granulari prelevati da 30 sondaggi mediamente profondi 25-30 metri che rappresentano gli ultimi 25.000-30.000 anni di sedimentazione quaternaria. Nello studio dei campioni si sono cercate di evidenziare analogie o differenze nelle caratteristiche geotecniche contribuendo così allo studio paleoambientale della laguna veneziana. I campioni coesivi dei suoli appartengono ai depositi continentali tardo-pleistocenici, tra cui il noto livello guida chiamato "caranto", e marino-lagunari olocenici. Essi sono costituiti da argille, limi e dai loro termini intermedi di colore variabile dal grigio al bruno giallastro e a volte variegato, da compattissimi ("caranto"), a compatti (terreni pleistocenici e olocenici), a molto molli (generalmente gli olocenici). Oltre alle tradizionali classificazioni ed analisi geotecniche è stata eseguita l'analisi discriminante per valutare il potere selettìvo dei limiti di Atterberg sui terreni coesivi tardo-pleistocenici ed Olocenici e sono state fornite le regressioni per stimare la compressibilità delle argille utilizzando le proprietà indici. E' emerso che i limiti di Atterberg possono discriminare abbastanza bene i due periodi solo se considerati congiuntamente e le regressioni dell'indice di compressione presentano ottime correlazioni con il contenuto naturale d'acqua e l'indice dei vuoti. Anche i terreni granulari sono costituiti sia da depositi tardo-pleistocenici che olocenici, di colore variabile dal giallo al grigio. Si sono notate differenze della distribuzione granulometrica sia considerando separatamente la totalità dei campioni nei due pacchetti, essendo le sabbie pleistoceniche generalmente più fini di quelle oloceniche, che analizzando assieme i due pacchetti per settori geografici differenti. In sintesi la zona meridionale e quella settentrionale sono piu' simili tra loro (vicinanza di foci fluviali) e presentano la frazione limoso-argillosa ridotta rispetto alle zone centrali dove l'influenza di più dinamiche ambientali ha diversificato maggiormente la granulometria. Differenze zonali si sono riscontrate anche nelle caratteristiche di permeabilità; considerando l'intero pacchetto sedimentario granulare si è visto che mediamente la provincia meridionale si differenzia da quella settentrionale in quanto presenta coefficienti di permeabilità più elevati e meno delineati all'aumentare della profondità.
    Description: Istituto per lo Studio della Dinamica delle Grandi Masse - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
    Description: Published
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: open
    Keywords: caratteristiche geotecniche ; cordone litoraneo veneziano ; caranto ; Pleistocene ; Olocene ; consolidazione ; permeabilità ; granulometria ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 71
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    Spatial probability distribution of future volcanic eruptions at El Hierro Island (Canary Islands, Spain) (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2011 submarine eruption that took place in the proximity of El Hierro Island (Canary Islands, Spain) has raised the need to identify the most likely future emission zones even on volcanoes characterized by low frequency activity. Here, we propose a probabilistic method to build the susceptibility map of El Hierro, i.e. the spatial distribution of vent opening for future eruptions, based on the probabilistic analysis of volcano-structural data of the Island collected through newfieldworkmeasurements, bathymetric information, as well as analysis of geological maps, orthophotos and aerial photographs. These data have been divided into different datasets and converted into separate and weighted probability density functions, which were included in a non-homogeneous Poisson process to produce the volcanic susceptibility map. The most likely area to host new eruptions in El Hierro is in the south-western part of the West rift. High probability locations are also found in the Northeast and South rifts, and along the submarine parts of the rifts. This map represents the first effort to deal with the volcanic hazard at El Hierro and can be a support tool for decision makers in land planning, emergency measures and civil defense actions.
    Description: This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Geological Survey (IGME) through the MODEX Project (directed by Luis Laín) and a Research Grant for LB, and the Research grant program “Innova Canarias 2020®” from the “Fundación Universitaria de Las Palmas”.
    Description: Published
    Description: 21-30
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Susceptibility ; Volcanic hazard ; Eruptive vent ; Volcano-tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 72
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    A method for multi-hazard mapping in poorly known volcanic areas: an example from Kanlaon (Philippines) (2014)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Hazard mapping in poorly known volcanic areas is complex since much evidence of volcanic and non-volcanic hazards is often hidden by vegetation and alteration. In this paper, we propose a semi-quantitative method based on hazard event tree and multi-hazard map constructions developed in the frame of the FP7 MIAVITA project. We applied this method to the Kanlaon volcano (Philippines), which is characterized by poor geologic and historical records. We combine updated geological (long-term) and historical (short-term) data, building an event tree for the main types of hazardous events at Kanlaon and their potential frequencies. We then propose an updated multi-hazard map for Kanlaon, which may serve as a working base map in the case of future unrest. The obtained results extend the information already contained in previous volcanic hazard maps of Kanlaon, highlighting (i) an extensive, potentially active ~5 km long summit area striking north–south, (ii) new morphological features on the eastern flank of the volcano, prone to receiving volcanic products expanding from the summit, and (iii) important riverbeds that may potentially accumulate devastating mudflows. This preliminary study constitutes a basis that may help local civil defence authorities in making more informed land use planning decisions and in anticipating future risk/hazards at Kanlaon. This multi-hazard mapping method may also be applied to other poorly known active volcanoes.
    Description: This work was undertaken under the MIAVITA project, financed by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development, Area “Environment”, Activity 6.1 “Climate Change, Pollution and Risks”.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1929-1943
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: RISK ASSESSMENTS ; Mount Kanlaon ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 73
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    Studio granulometrico mediante Image Analysis (I.A.) delle sabbie tardo quaternarie del cordone litoraneo della laguna di Venezia (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Vengono riportate le analisi granulometnche, ottenute mediante l'analizzatore d'immagini (I.A.) , di 140 campioni di sabbia, prelevati da 18 sondaggi a carotaggio continuo terebrati lungo il cordone litorale veneziano. Queste analisi sono state eseguite per contribuire allo studio sedimentologico dei terreni incoerenti con lo scopo, unitamente ad altre indagini multidisciplinari, di ricostruire le varie fasi evolutive tardo pleistoceniche ed oloceniche dell 'area litorale veneziana. L'utilizzo dell 'I.A. e' nato dall 'esigenza di determinare le variazioni della granulometria di campioni rappresentati da livelli sabbiosi a volte molto sottili e spesso con quantita' minime di materiale a disposizione, sui quali successivamente o contemporaneamente dovevano essere eseguite altre indagini mineralogiche e geochimiche. L'I.A., oltre ad offrirei queste possibilita', ha anche permesso la determinazione di altri paramentri morfologici quali il grado di allungamento e di arrotondamento di ogni grano di sabbia, non ottenibile con il metodo di setacciatura tradizionale. L'analisi granulometrica delle sabbie eseguito con l 'LA. non solo ci fornisce dati paragonabili a quelli ottenibili con i metodi tradizionali, ma presenta anche il vantaggio di poter essere eseguito congiuntamente allo studio mineralogico e chimico effettuato mediante un microscopio elettronico a scansione (SEM) o una microsonda elettronica (EMP).
    Description: Istituto per lo Studio della Dinamica delle Grandi Masse - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
    Description: Published
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: open
    Keywords: analisi granulometnche ; Image Analysis ; sabbie ; litorale veneziano ; Venezia ; Olocene ; Pleistocene ; caranto ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 74
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    Real-time measurements of the concentration and isotope composition of atmospheric and volcanic CO2 at Mount Etna (Italy) (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: We present unprecedented data of real-time measurements of the concentration and isotope composition of CO2 in air and in fumarole-plume gases collected in 2013 during two campaigns at Mount Etna volcano, which were made using a laser-based isotope ratio infrared spectrometer. We performed approximately 360 measurements/h, which allowed calculation of the δ13C values of volcanic CO2. The fumarole gases of Torre del Filosofo (2900mabove sea level) range from 3.24 ± 0.06‰to 3.71 ± 0.09‰, comparable to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) measurements of discrete samples collected on the same dates. Plume gases sampled more than 1 km from the craters show a δ13C= 2.2 ± 0.4‰, in agreement with the crater fumarole gases analyzed by IRMS. Measurements performed along ~17km driving track from Catania to Mount Etna show more negative δ13C values when passing through populated centers due to anthropogenic-derived CO2 inputs (e.g., car exhaust). The reported results demonstrate that this technique may represent an important advancement for volcanic and environmental monitoring.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2382–2389
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Real-time data of CO2 content and δ13C in atmospheric/volcanic gases ; This study opens new perspective for the community for volcanic surveillance ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 75
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    DEM OF THE VENETO PLAIN BY ERS2-ENVISAT CROSS-INTERFEROMETRY (2014)
    Emilia-Romagna Region - Geological Seismic and soil Survey
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of flat lowlying coastlands are becoming even more important for environmental risk analyses, for example the development of effective plans for flooding protection. The need of information at high spatial resolution over very large areas, of the order of 100×100 km2, practically precludes the use of traditional methods (e.g., leveling and DGPS) due to their intrinsic limitation in covering wide zones and reduces the possibility of using Lidar because of its high cost. Starting from the last decade, space-borne radar sensors have been used extensively for this purpose. The most known is the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) DEM which covers most of the land area between ±60° latitude. This DEM was generated using singlepass interferometry and is widely available at 3-arc-seconds. In this work, we present the results obtained for the Veneto plain, Italy, using the spaceborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) crossinterferometry.
    Description: Published
    Description: Bologna, Italy
    Description: 5IT. Osservazioni satellitari
    Description: open
    Keywords: ERS2-ENVISAT CROSS-INTERFEROMETRY ; Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) ; DGPS ; EET CInSAR ; Veneto ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 76
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    Probabilistic modeling of future volcanic eruptions at Mount Etna (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The statistical analysis of volcanic activity at Mt Etna was conducted with the twofold aim of (1) constructing a probability map for vent opening of future flank eruptions and (2) forecasting the expected number of eruptive events at the summit craters. The spatiotemporal map of new vent opening at Etna volcano is based on the analysis of spatial locations and frequency of flank eruptions starting from 1610. Thanks to the completeness and accuracy of historical data over the last four centuries, we examined in detail the spatial and temporal distribution of flank eruptions showing that effusive events follow a nonhomogenous Poisson process with space-time varying intensities. After demonstrating the spatial nonhomogeneity and the temporal nonstationarity of flank eruptions at Etna, we calculated the recurrence rates (events expected per unit area per unit time) and produced different spatiotemporal probability maps of new vent opening in the next 1, 10 and 50 years. These probabilistic maps have an immediate use in evaluating the future timing and areas of Etna prone to volcanic hazards. Finally, the results of the analysis of the persistent summit activity during the last 110 years indicate that the hazard rate for eruptive events is not constant with time, differs for each summit crater of Mt Etna, highlighting a general increase in the eruptive frequency starting from the middle of last century and particularly from 1971, when the SE crater was formed.
    Description: This work was developed in the frame of the TecnoLab, the Laboratory for the Technological Advance in Volcano Geophysics organized by INGV-CT, DIEES-UNICT, and DMI-UNICT.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1925-1935
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico e sistemi informatici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Etna ; probabilistic modeling ; eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.02. Cellular automata, fuzzy logic, genetic alghoritms, neural networks ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 77
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    Lava flow hazards at Mount Etna: constraints imposed by eruptive history and numerical simulations (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Improving lava flow hazard assessment is one of the most important and challenging fields of volcanology, and has an immediate and practical impact on society. Here, we present a methodology for the quantitative assessment of lava flow hazards based on a combination of field data, numerical simulations and probability analyses. With the extensive data available on historic eruptions of Mt. Etna, going back over 2000 years, it has been possible to construct two hazard maps, one for flank and the other for summit eruptions, allowing a quantitative analysis of the most likely future courses of lava flows. The effective use of hazard maps of Etna may help in minimizing the damage from volcanic eruptions through correct land use in densely urbanized area with a population of almost one million people. Although this study was conducted on Mt. Etna, the approach used is designed to be applicable to other volcanic areas.
    Description: This work was developed within the framework of TecnoLab, the Laboratory for Technological Advance in Volcano Geophysics organized by INGV-CT, DIEES-UNICT, and DMI-UNICT.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3493
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico e sistemi informatici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Lava flow hazard ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 78
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    Seismo-tectonic behavior of the Pernicana Fault System (Mt Etna): A gauge for volcano flank instability? (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Flank instability at basaltic volcanoes is often related to repeated dike intrusions along rift zones and accompanied by surface fracturing and seismicity. These processes have been mostly studied during specific events, and the lack of longer-term observations hinders their better understanding. Here we analyze ~20 years of deformation of the Pernicana Fault System (PFS), the key structure controlling the instability of the eastern flank of Mt. Etna. We exploit East-West and vertical components of mean deformation velocity, as well as corresponding time series, computed from ERS/ENVISAT (1992–2010) and COSMO-SkyMed (2009–2011) satellite radar sensors via Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry techniques. We then integrate and compare this information with field, seismic, and leveling data, collected between 1980 and 2012. We observe transient displacements accompanied by seismicity, overprinted on a long-term background eastward motion (~2 cm/yr). In the last decades, these transient events were preceded by a constant amount of accumulated strain near the PFS. The time of strain accumulation varies between a few years and a few decades, also depending on magma emplacement within the nearby North East Rift, which may increase the strain along the PFS. These results suggest that the amount of deformation near the PFS may be used as a gauge to forecast the occurrence of instability transients on the eastern flank of Etna. In this context, the PFS may provide an ideal, small-scale structure to test the relations between strain accumulation, stress loading, and seismic energy release.
    Description: This work has been partially supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) within the SAR4Volcanoes project, agreement I/ 034/11/0.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4398-4409
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: 5T. Sorveglianza sismica e operatività post-terremoto
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Volcano flank instability ; Pernicana fault ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 79
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    Continental delamination and mantle dynamics drive topography extension and fl uid discharge in the Apennines (2014)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Apennines belt of Italy undergoes a northeast-trending extension at a rate of a few millimeters per year that generates moderate to large normal-faulting earthquakes. In this paper, we show that seismicity, large earthquakes, strong gas emission, and belt topography all correlate with a broad, low Vp anomaly in the uppermost mantle. We propose that a thermal/fl uid anomaly in the mantle, associated with sub-lithospheric mantle replacement after delamination of the Adria lithosphere, supports the topography of the belt and drives the extensional tectonics. The mantle anomaly is likely caused by deep fl uids coming from the dehydration of the material subducted during the Europe-Adria collision and the delamination of Adria. Beneath the belt, CO2-rich fl uids are accumulated and occasionally discharged during large normal faulting earthquakes. After the replacement of sub-lithospheric mantle, the temperature at the base of the crust increases causing crustal stretching, anatexis, and strong degassing.
    Description: Published
    Description: 715-718
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: mantle anomaly ; Continental delamination ; the Apennines ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 80
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    The Ancient Gates to Hell and Their Relevance to Geogenic CO2 (2014)
    Academic Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: No abstract
    Description: Published
    Description: 92-117
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: geogenic gases ; gas hazard ; geomithology ; underworld ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 81
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    Mud volcanoes in onshore Sicily: a short overview (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A short overview on Sicilian mud volcanoes is given. A total of 8 sites are presently known and studied in Sicily, mainly located in central–southern Sicily (Caltanissetta basin). All of these are of small dimension and sometimes associated to water pools. Methane is the main emitted gaseous phase, with the exception of the Paternò site, dominated by CO2 due to its proximity to Mt. Etna. Emitted waters are of the chloride–sulphate–alkaline type, due to the dominance of NaCl as the main dissolved salt. Sicilian mud volcanoes represent a potential threat for humans but, at the same time, they are threatened by anthropic activities. The main risks are related to the damages produced by paroxysmal events, while their survival is threatened by illegal discharge of wastes, consumption of rural land and agricultural activities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 123–127
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mud volcanoes ; Sicily ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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  • 82
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    A geochemical traverse along the “Sperchios Basin e Evoikos Gulf” graben (Central Greece): Origin and evolution of the emitted fluids (2014)
    Elsevier Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The studied area is a 130 km long fast spreading graben in Central Greece. Its complex geodynamical setting includes both the presence of a subduction slab at depth responsible for the recent (Quaternary) volcanic activity in the area and the western termination of a tectonic lineament of regional importance (the North-Anatolian fault). A high geothermal gradient is made evident by the presence of many thermal springs with temperatures from 19 to 82 C, that discharge along the normal faults bordering the graben. In the period 2004e2012, 58 gas and 69 water samples were collected and their chemical and isotopic analysis revealed a wide range of compositions. Two main groups of thermal waters can be distinguished on the basis of their chemical composition. The first, represented by dilute waters (E.C. 〈0.6 mS/cm) of the westernmost sites, is characterised by the presence of CH4-rich and mixed N2eCH4 gases. The second displays higher salinities (E.C. from 12 to 56 mS/cm) due to mixing with a modified marine component. Reservoir temperatures of 150e160 C were estimated with cationic geothermometers at the easternmost sites. Along the graben, from west to east, the gas composition changes from CH4- to CO2-dominated through mixed N2eCH4 and N2eCO2 compositions, while at the same time the He isotopic composition goes from typical crustal values (〈0.1 R/RA) up to 0.87 R/RA, showing in the easternmost sites a small (3e11%) but significant mantle input. The d13C values of the CO2-rich samples suggest a mixed origin (mantle and marine carbonates).
    Description: Published
    Description: 295-308
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Rift zone ; geothermal activity ; Helium isotopes ; Carbon isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 83
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    I sedimenti tardo quaternari del cordone litoraneo della laguna di Venezia: le sabbie (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In questo lavoro vengono riportati i risultati di uno studio mineralogico sui livelli di sabbia dei sedimenti tardo-quaternari attraversati da 18 sondaggi a carotaggio continuo effettuati lungo il cordone litoraneo che delimita la Laguna di Venezia. Viene pure descritta una nuova metodologia di analisi usata al fine di ottenere parametri utili alla caratterizzazione dei vari livelli di sabbie in esame. La determinazione della composizione-mineralogica e chimica dei sedimenti sabbiosi mediante la microsonda elettronica, si e' dimostrata particolarmente efficace consentendo una dettagliata e rapida descrizione dei sedimenti. Lo studio mineralogico delle sabbie ha permesso inizialmente la differenzazione dei sedimenti olocenici da quelli tardo-pleistocenici e sucessivamente ha fornito utili indicazioni anche sulla loro distribuzione areale correlabile a vari processi evolutivi che hanno interessato l'area di studio. La differenzazione mineralogica dei sedimenti sabbiosi e la loro caratterizzazione ha contribuito a meglio definire il limite Olocene/Pleistocene in particolare in quelle situazioni dove quest'ultimo non e' rappresentato dal tipico livello guida continentale pleistocenico (carantoi. L'elaborazione dei risultati analitici ha confermato, per la sedimentazione olocenica, l'esistenza di diversi ambienti deposizionali: marino, lagunare e continentale, legati alla irregolare risalita del mare flandriano; mentre, per quella tardo-pleistocenica, ha messo in luce un solo ambiente continentale. E' stata inoltre evidenziata l'omogeneità' della composizione mineralogica media di tutti i depositi tardo-pleistocenici, mentre per quelli olocenici si sono notate delle variazioni sia verticali che areali le cui cause sono state discusse. I risultati ottenuti costituiscono quindi un'utile integrazione alle classiche analisi paleoecologiche per lo studio dei paleoambienti e si rendono necessari per meglio chiarire le varie fasi evolutive tardo-quaternarie dell' area veneziana.
    Description: Istituto per lo Studio della Dinamica delle Grandi Masse - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
    Description: Published
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: open
    Keywords: sedimenti tardo-quaternari ; sabbie ; mineralogia ; Venezia ; limite Olocene/Pleistocene ; caranto ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 84
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    Level of carbon dioxide diffuse degassing from the ground of Vesuvio: comparison between extensive surveys and inferences on the gas source (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An extensive campaign of diffuse CO2 soil flux was carried out at the cone of Vesuvio in October 2006 with two main objectives: 1) to provide an estimation of CO2 diffusely discharged through the soils in the summit area and 2) to evidence those sectors of the volcano where structural and morphological conditions could favour the gas output. The survey consisted of 502 measurements of soil CO2 flux homogenously distributed over an area of about 1.8 km2. Results of this survey were compared with those obtained during a similar campaign carried out by Frondini et al. in 2000, from which we have taken and reinterpreted a subset of data belonging to the common investigated area. Graphical statistical analysis showed three overlapping populations in both surveys, evidencing the contribution of three different sources feeding the soil CO2 degassing process. The overall CO2 emission pattern of 2006 is coherent with that observed in 2000 and suggests that a value between 120 and 140 t/day of CO2 is representative of the total CO2 discharged by diffuse degassing from the summit area of Vesuvio. The preferential exhaling area lies in the inner crater, whose contribution resulted in 45.3% of the total CO2 emission in 2006 (with 62.8 t/day) and in 57.4% (with 70.3 t/day) in 2000, although its extension is only 13% of the investigated area. This highly emissive area correlated closely with the structural discontinuities of Vesuvio cone, mainly suggesting that the NW-SE trending tectonic line is actually an active fault leaking deep gas to the bottom of the crater. The drainage action of the fault could be enhanced by the “aspiration” effect of the volcanic conduit.
    Description: Published
    Description: S0449
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: CARBON DIOXIDE DEGASSING ; VESUVIO ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 85
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    Advective heat transport associated with regional Earth degassing in central Apennine (Italy) (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this work we show that the main springs of the central Apennine transport a total amount of heat of ∼2.2 109 J s−1. Most of this heat (57%) is the result of geothermal warming while the remaining 43% is due to gravitational potential energy dissipation. This result indicates that a large area of the central Apennines is very hot with heat flux values 4300 mWm−2. These values are higher than those measured in the magmatic and famously geothermal provinces of Tuscany and Latium and about 1/3 of the total heat discharged at Yellowstone. This finding is surprising because the central Apennines have been thought to be a relatively cold area. Translated by CO2 rich fluids, this heat anomaly suggests the existence of a thermal source such as a large magmatic intrusion at depth. Recent tomographic images of the area support the presence of such an intrusion visible as a broad negative velocity anomaly in seismic waves. Our results indicate that the thermal regime of tectonically active areas of the Earth, where meteoric waters infiltrate and deeply circulate, should be revised on the basis of mass and energy balances of the groundwater systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 65–74
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: heat flux ; CO2 Earth degassing ; central Apennine ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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  • 86
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    Distinguishing contributions to diffuse CO2 emissions in volcanic areas from magmatic degassing and thermal decarbonation using soil gas 222Rn–δ13 C systematics: Applicationto Santorini volcano,Greece (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-10
    Description: Between January 2011 and April 2012, Santorini volcano (Greece) experienced a period of unrest characterised by the onset of detectable seismicity and caldera-wide uplift. This episode of inflation represented the first sizeable intrusion of magma beneath Santorini in the past 50 years. We employ a new approach using 222 Rn– δ 13 C systematics to identify and quantify the source of diffuse degassing at Santorini during the period of renewed activity. Soil CO 2 flux measurements were made across a network of sites on Nea Kameni between September 2010 and January 2012. Gas samples were collected in April and September 2011 for isotopic analysis of CO 2 ( δ 13 C), and radon detectors were deployed during September 2011 to measure ( 222 Rn). Our results reveal a change in the pattern of degassing from the summit of the volcano (Nea Kameni) and suggest an increase in diffuse CO 2 emissions between September 2010 and January 2012. High-CO 2 -flux soil gas samples have δ 13 C ∼ 0 .Using this value and other evidence from the literature we conclude that these CO 2 emissions from Santorini were a mixture between CO 2 sourced from magma, and CO 2 released by the thermal or metamorphic breakdown of crustal limestone. We suggest that this mixing of magmatic and crustal carbonate sources may account more broadly for the typical range of δ 13 CvaluesofCO 2 (from ∼− 4 to ∼+ 1 )in diffuse volcanic and fumarole gas emissions around the Mediterranean, without the need to invoke unusual mantle source compositions. At Santorini a mixing model involving magmatic CO 2 (with δ 13 C of − 3 ± 2 and elevated ( 222 Rn)/CO 2 ratios ∼ 10 5 –10 6 Bqkg − 1 )andCO 2 released from decarbonation of crustal limestone (with ( 222 Rn)/CO 2 ∼ 30–300 Bqkg − 1 ,and δ 13 Cof + 5 ) can account for the δ 13 C and ( 222 Rn)/CO 2 characteristics of the ‘high flux’ gas source. This model suggests ∼ 60% of the carbon in the high flux deep CO 2 end member is of magmatic origin. This combination of δ 13 Cand( 222 Rn) measurements has potential to quantify magmatic and crustal contributions to the diffuse outgassing of CO 2 in volcanic areas, especially those where breakdown of crustal limestone is likely to contribute significantly to the CO 2 flux
    Description: Published
    Description: 180-190
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: volcanic unrest ; soil gas measurements ; carbon isotopic analysis ; magmatic degassing ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 87
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    Geochemical and isotopic changes in the fumarolic and submerged gas discharges during the 2011–2012 unrest at Santorini caldera (Greece) (2014)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Abstract A geochemical survey of fumarolic and submerged gases from fluid discharges located in the Nea Kameni and Palea Kameni islets (Santorini Island, Greece) was carried out before, during, and after the unrest related to the anomalously high seismic and ground deformation activity that affected this volcanic system since January 2011. Our data show that from May 2011 to February 2012, the Nea Kameni fumaroles showed a significant increase of H2 concentrations. After this period, an abrupt decrease in the H2 contents, accompanied by decreasing seismic events, was recorded. A similar temporal pattern was shown by the F−, Cl−, SO4 2−, and NH4 + concentrations in the fumarolic condensates. During the sharp increase of H2 concentrations, when values up to 158 mmol/ mol were measured, the δ13C–CO2 values, which prior to January 2011 were consistent with a dominant CO2 thermometamorphic source, have shown a significant decrease, suggesting an increase of mantle CO2 contribution. Light hydrocarbons, including CH4, which are controlled by chemical reactions kinetically slower than H2 production from H2O dissociation, displayed a sharp increase in March 2012, under enhanced reducing conditions caused by the high H2 concentrations of May 2011–February 2012. The general increase in light hydrocarbons continued up to July 2012, notwithstanding the contemporaneous H2 decrease. The temporal patterns of CO2 concentrations and N2/Ar ratios increased similarly to that of H2, possibly due to sealing processes in the fumarolic conduits that diminished the contamination related to the entrance of atmospheric gases in the fumarolic conduits. The compositional evolution of the Nea Kameni fumaroles can be explained by a convective heat pulse from depth associated with the seismic activation of the NE–SW-oriented Kameni tectonic lineament, possibly triggered by either injection of new magma below Nea Kameni island, as apparently suggested by the evolution of the seismic and ground deformation activity, or increased permeability of the volcanic plumbing system resulting from the tectonic movements affecting the area. The results of the present study demonstrate that the geophysical and geochemical signals at Santorini are interrelated and may be precursory signals of renewed volcanic activity and encourage the development of interdisciplinary monitoring program to mitigate the volcanic risk in the most tourist-visited island of the Mediterranean Sea.
    Description: Published
    Description: 711
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Santorini Island . ; Fluid geochemistry ; Geochemical monitoring ; Seismic crisis ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 88
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    Gas geochemistry of the magmatic-hydrothermal fluid reservoir in the Copahue–Caviahue Volcanic Complex (Argentina) (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Copahue volcano is part of the Caviahue–Copahue Volcanic Complex (CCVC),which is located in the southwestern sector of the Caviahue volcano-tectonic depression (Argentina–Chile). This depression is a pull-apart basin accommodating stresses between the southern Liquiñe–Ofqui strike slip and the northern Copahue–Antiñir compressive fault systems, in a back-arc setting with respect to the Southern Andean Volcanic Zone. In this study, we present chemical (inorganic and organic) and isotope compositions (δ13C-CO2, δ15N, 3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, δ13C-CH4, δD-CH4, and δD-H2O and δ18O-H2O) of fumaroles and bubbling gases of thermal springs located at the foot of Copahue volcano sampled in 2006, 2007 and 2012. Helium isotope ratios, the highest observed for a Southern American volcano (R/Ra up to 7.94), indicate a non-classic arc-like setting, but rather an extensional regime subdued to asthenospheric thinning. δ13C-CO2 values (from −8.8‰ to −6.8‰ vs. V-PDB), δ15N values (+5.3‰ to +5.5‰ vs. Air) and CO2/3He ratios (from 1.4 to 8.8 × 109) suggest that the magmatic source is significantly affected by contamination of subducted sediments. Gases discharged from the northern sector of the CCVC show contribution of 3He-poor fluids likely permeating through local fault systems. Despite the clear mantle isotope signature in the CCVC gases, the acidic gas species have suffered scrubbing processes by a hydrothermal system mainly recharged by meteoric water. Gas geothermometry in the H2O-CO2-CH4-CO-H2 system suggests that CO and H2 re-equilibrate in a separated vapor phase at 200°–220 °C. On the contrary, rock–fluid interactions controlling CO2, CH4 production from Sabatier reaction and C3H8 dehydrogenation seem to occur within the hydrothermal reservoir at temperatures ranging from 250° to 300 °C. Fumarole gases sampled in 2006–2007 show relatively low N2/He and N2/Ar ratios and high R/Ra values with respect to those measured in 2012. Such compositional and isotope variations were likely related to injection of mafic magma that likely triggered the 2000 eruption. Therefore, changes affecting the magmatic systemhad a delayed effect on the chemistry of the CCVC gases due to the presence of the hydrothermal reservoir. However, geochemical monitoring activities mainly focused on the behavior of inert gas compounds (N2 and He), should be increased to investigate the mechanism at the origin of the unrest started in 2011.
    Description: Published
    Description: 44–56
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Fluid geochemistry ; Copahue volcano ; Fumarolic fluid ; Hydrothermal reservoir ; Volcanic unrest ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 89
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    Diffuse soil emission of hydrothermal gases (CO2, CH4, and C6H6) at Solfatara crater (Campi Flegrei, southern Italy) (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Measurements of soil fluxes of hydrothermal gases, with special emphasis on C6H6, as well as chemical composition of mono-aromatic compounds in fumaroles and air, were carried out in April 2012 at the Solfatara crater (Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy) to investigate the distribution and behavior of these species as they migrate through the soil from their deep source to the atmosphere. Soil fluxes of CO2, CH4 and C6H6 exhibit good spatial correlation, suggesting that diffuse degassing is mainly controlled by local fractures. The calculated total output of diffuse C6H6 from Solfatara is 0.10 kg day 1, whereas fluxes of CO2 and CH4 are 79 103 and 1.04 kg day 1, respectively. A comparison between soil gas fluxes and fumarole composition reveals that within the crater soil CH4 is significantly affected by oxidation processes, which are more efficient for low gas fluxes, being dependent on the residence time of the uprising hydrothermal gases at shallow depth. Benzene degradation, mainly proceeding through oxidation via benzoate, seems to be strongly controlled by the presence of a shallow SO2 4 -rich aquifer located in the central and southwestern sectors of the crater, suggesting that the process is particularly efficient when SO2 4 acts as terminal electron acceptor (SO4 reduction). Relatively high C6H6/C7H8 ratios, typical of hydrothermal fluids, were measured in air close to the main fumarolic field of Solfatara crater. Here, C6H6 concentrations, whose detection limit is 0.1 lgm 3, are more than one order of magnitude higher than the limit value for ambient air (5 lgm 3). This suggests that hydrothermal fluids have a strong impact on air quality in the immediate surroundings of the fumarolic vents. Significant concentrations of endogenous mono-aromatics were also detected in air samples collected from the northern and western sides of the crater, where these gas compounds are mostly fed by diffuse degassing through the crater bottom soil.
    Description: Published
    Description: 142–153
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: hydrothermal gases ; Solfatara crater ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 90
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    Monitoring of gas and seismic energy release by multiparametric benthic observatory along the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara (NW Turkey) (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Episodic gas seepage occurs at the seafloor in the Gulf of Izmit (Sea of Marmara, NW Turkey) along the submerged segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), which ruptured during the 1999 Mw7.4 Izmit earthquake, and caused tectonic loading of the fault segment in front of the Istanbul metropolitan area. In order to study gas seepage and seismic energy release along the NAF, a multiparametric benthic observatory (SN-4) was deployed in the gulf at the western end of the 1999 Izmit earthquake rupture, and operated for about 1 yr at 166 m water depth. The SN-4 payload included a three-component broad-band seismometer, as well as gas and oceanographic sensors. We analysed data collected continuously for 161 d in the first part of the experiment, from 2009 October to 2010 March. The main objective of our work was to verify whether tectonic deformation along the NAF could trigger methane seepage. For this reason, we considered only local seismicity, that is, within 100 km from the station. No significant (ML ≥ 3.6) local earthquakes occurred during this period; on the other hand, the seismometer recorded high-frequency SDEs (short duration events), which are not related to seismicity but to abrupt increases of dissolved methane concentration in the sea water that we called MPEs (methane peak events). Acquisition of current velocity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature and salinity, allowed us to analyse the local oceanographic setting during each event, and correlate SDEs to episodic gas discharges from the seabed. We noted that MPEs are the result of such gas releases, but are detected only under favourable oceanographic conditions. This stresses the importance of collecting long-term multiparametric time-series to address complex phenomena such as gas and seismic energy release at the seafloor. Results from the SN-4 experiment in the Sea of Marmara suggest that neither low-magnitude local seismicity, nor regional events affect intensity and frequency of gas flows from the seafloor.
    Description: Published
    Description: 850-866
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: 3A. Ambiente Marino
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Time-series analysis ; Seismicity and tectonics ; Broad-band seismometers ; multiparametric seafloor observatory ; Izmit Gulf ; Sea of Marmara ; gas seepage ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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  • 91
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    The European land and inland water CO2, CO, CH4 and N2O balance between 2001 and 2005 (2013)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-11
    Description: Globally, terrestrial ecosystems have absorbed about 30% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions over the period 2000–2007 and inter-hemispheric gradients indicate that a significant fraction of terrestrial carbon sequestration must be north of the Equator. We present a compilation of the CO2, CO, CH4 and N2O balances of Europe following a dual constraint approach in which (1) a landbased balance derived mainly from ecosystem carbon inventories and (2) a land-based balance derived from flux measurements are compared to (3) the atmospheric data-based balance derived from inversions constrained by measurements of atmospheric GHG (greenhouse gas) concentrations. Good agreement between the GHG balances based on fluxes (1294±545 Tg C in CO2-eq yr−1), inventories (1299±200 Tg C in CO2-eq yr−1) and inversions (1210±405 Tg C in CO2-eq yr−1) increases our confidence that the processes underlying the European GHG budget are well understood and reasonably sampled. However, the uncertainty remains large and largely lacks formal estimates. Given that European net land to atmosphere exchanges are determined by a few dominant fluxes, the uncertainty of these key components needs to be formally estimated before efforts could be made to reduce the overall uncertainty. The net land-to-atmosphere flux is a net source for CO2, CO, CH4 and N2O, because the anthropogenic emissions by far exceed the biogenic sink strength. The dual-constraint approach confirmed that the European biogenic sink removes as much as 205±72 Tg C yr−1 from fossil fuel burning from the atmosphere. However, This C is being sequestered in both terrestrial and inland aquatic ecosystems. If the C-cost for ecosystem management is taken into account, the net uptake of ecosystems is estimated to decrease by 45% but still indicates substantial C-sequestration. However, when the balance is extended from CO2 towards the main GHGs, C-uptake by terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is offset by emissions of non-CO2 GHGs. As such, the European ecosystems are unlikely to contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3357–3380
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: carbon dioxide ; methane ; soil ; ecosystems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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  • 92
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    Geological and geophysical investigation of Kamil crater, Egypt (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: We detail the Kamil crater (Egypt) structure and refine the impact scenario, based on the geological and geophysical data collected during our first expedition in February 2010. Kamil Crater is a model for terrestrial small-scale hypervelocity impact craters. It is an exceptionally well-preserved, simple crater with a diameter of 45 m, depth of 10 m, and rayed pattern of bright ejecta. It occurs in a simple geological context: flat, rocky desert surface, and target rocks comprising subhorizontally layered sandstones. The high depth-to-diameter ratio of the transient crater, its concave, yet asymmetric, bottom, and the fact that Kamil Crater is not part of a crater field confirm that it formed by the impact of a single iron mass (or a tight cluster of fragments) that fragmented upon hypervelocity impact with the ground. The circular crater shape and asymmetries in ejecta and shrapnel distributions coherently indicate a direction of incidence from the NW and an impact angle of approximately 30 to 45 . Newly identified asymmetries, including the off-center bottom of the transient crater floor downrange, maximum overturning of target rocks along the impact direction, and lower crater rim elevation downrange, may be diagnostic of oblique impacts in well-preserved craters. Geomagnetic data reveal no buried individual impactor masses 〉100 kg and suggest that the total mass of the buried shrapnel 〉100 g is approximately 1050–1700 kg. Based on this mass value plus that of shrapnel 〉10 g identified earlier on the surface during systematic search, the new estimate of the minimum projectile mass is approximately 5 t.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1842–1868
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Impact craters ; geophysical survey ; iron meteorite ; impact scenario ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 93
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    The origin of the fluids circulating over the Amik Basin (Turkey) and their relationships with the Dead Sea Fault (2013)
    University of Patras, Greece
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: The Amik Basin is an asymmetrical composite transtensional basin developed between the seismically active left-lateral Dead Sea Fault (DSF) splays and the left-lateral oblique-slip Karasu Fault segment during neotectonic period. The relationship between the DSF and the East Anatolian Fault Zone is important as it represents a triple junction between Arabian Plate, African Plate and Anatolian Block in which the Amik Basin developed. The basin was formed on a pre-Miocene basement consisting of two rock series: Paleozoic crustal units with a Mesozoic allochthonous ophiolitic complex and ~1300 m thick Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene sedimentary sequence. Plio-Quaternary sediments and Quaternary volcanics unconformably overlie the deformed and folded Miocene beds. Quaternary alkali-basaltic volcanism, derived from a metasomatized asthenospheric or lithospheric mantle, is most probably related to the syn-collisional transtensional strike-slip deformation in the area. Active faults in the region have the potential to generate catastrophic earthquakes (M〉7). Nineteen samples of cold and thermal groundwaters have been collected over the Amik Basin area for dissolved gas analyses as well as two samples from the gas seeps, and one bubbling gas from a thermal spring Samples were analysed for their chemical and isotopic (He, C) composition. On the basis of their chemical composition, three main groups can be recognized. Most of the dissolved gases (16; Group I) collected from springs or shallow wells (〈 150 m depth), contain mainly atmospheric gasses with very limited H2 (〈 80 ppm) and CH4 (1– 2700 ppm) contents and minor concentrations of CO2 (0.5–11.2 %). The isotopic composition of Total Dissolved Carbon evidences a prevailing organic contribution with possible dissolution of carbonate rocks. However the CO2-richest sample shows a small but significant deep (probably mantle) contribution which is also evidenced by its He isotopic composition. Further three samples, taken from the northern part of the basin close to Quaternary volcanic outcrops and main tectonic structures, also exhibit a small mantle He contribution (Fig. 1). The two dissolved gases (Group II) collected from deep boreholes (〉 1200 m depth) are typical of hydrocarbon reservoirs being very rich in CH4 (〉 78 %) and N2 (〉 13%). The water composition of these samples is also distinctive of saline connate waters (Cl- and B-rich, SO4-poor). Isotopic composition of methane (δ13C ~ -65‰) indicates a biogenic origin while He-isotopic composition points to a prevailing crustal signature for one (R/Ra 0.16) of the sites and a small mantle contribution for the other (R/Ra 0.98) (Fig. 1). The three free gas samples (Group III), taken at two sites within the ophiolitic basement west of the basin, have the typical composition of gas generated by low temperature serpentinisation processes with high hydrogen (37–50 %) and methane (10–61 %) concentrations. While all three gases show an almost identical δD-H2 of ~ -750‰, two of them display an isotopic composition of methane (δ13C ~ -5‰; δD ~ -105‰) and a C1/[C2+C3] ratio (~100) typical of abiogenic hydrocarbons and a significant contribution of mantle-type helium (R/Ra: 1.33). The composition of these two gasses is comparable to that of the gasses issuing in similar geologic conditions (Chimera-Turkey, Zambales-Philippine and Oman ophiolites). The gas composition of the other site evidences a contribution of a crustal (thermogenic) component (δ13C-CH4 ~ -30‰; δD-CH4 ~ -325‰; C1/[C2+C3] ~ 3000). Such crustal contribution is also supported by higher N2 contents (40% instead of 2%) and lower He-isotopic composition (R/Ra 0.07) (Fig. 1). These first results highlight contributions of mantle-derived volatiles possibly drained towards shallow levels by the DSF and other parallel structures crossing the basin showing a tectonic control of the fluids circulating within the Basin .
    Description: Published
    Description: Patras, Greece
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: open
    Keywords: dissolved gases ; natural gas manifestations ; helium isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 94
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    Methane efflux from the soil and methanotrophic activity in volcanic-geothermal areas: Examples from Italy and Greece (2013)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-15
    Description: Methane plays an important role in the Earth’s atmospheric chemistry and radiative balance being the most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. It is released to the atmosphere by a wide number of sources, both natural and anthropogenic, with the latter being twice as large as the former. It has recently been established that significant amounts of geological methane, produced within the Earth’s crust, are currently released naturally into the atmosphere. Active or recent volcanic-geothermal areas represent one of these sources of geological methane. Due to the fact that methane flux measurements are laboratory intensive, very few data have been collected until now and the contribution of this source has been often indirectly estimated. Both the Italian and the Hellenic territories are geodynamically very active with many volcanic and geothermal areas. Here we report on methane flux measurements made at Pantelleria (Italy), Sousaki and Nisyros (Greece). The total outputs of these three systems are about 10, 19 and 2 t a-1 respectively. These figures are up to one order of magnitude lower than those obtained through indirect estimations. At the global scale, microbial oxidation in soils contributes to the total removal of methane from the atmosphere. Environmental conditions in the soils of volcanic/geothermal areas (i.e. low pH, high temperature, etc.) have been considered inadequate for methanotrophic microrganisms. But recently, it has been demonstrated that methanotrophic consumption in soils occurs also under such harsh conditions due to the presence of thermo-acidophilic Verrucomicrobia. Here we present the results of laboratory incubation experiments on soil samples collected at the main exhalative areas that highlighted methanotrophic activity also at Pantelleria and Sousaki. Soil metagenomic DNA was extracted from some of the Pantelleria samples and analysed using Temporal Temperature Gradient Electrophoresis (TTGE) of the amplified Bacterial 16S rRNA gene in order to evaluate the total bacterial diversity. Soil DNA amplification with primers targeting Proteobacterial and Verrucomicrobial methane monooxygenase genes (pmmo) revealed the presence of methanotrophs affiliated to both phyla up to a depth of 11 cm and a temperature of 80°C. The diversity of proteobacterial methanotrophs was investigated by creating a clone library of the amplified methane mono-oxygenase encoding gene, pmmoA. The clone sequences are close to those of uncultured type I methanotrophic proteobacteria. An attempt to isolate methanotrophs was carried out on soils from Pantelleria, sampled at different depths, by enrichment cultures on a mineral medium in a methane-enriched atmosphere. No isolates were obtained from enrichments carried out at 65°C while incubation at 37°C allowed to isolate a few methanothropic strains that were identified as Methylocystis spp.
    Description: Published
    Description: Kagoshima, Japan
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: open
    Keywords: soil methane fluxes ; methane output ; methanotrophic activity ; geothermal systems ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 95
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    Mappe Campagna di comunicazione Terremoti Io non Rischio 2013 (2013)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-19
    Description: Protezione Civile Nazionale, Anpas, INGV, Reluis
    Description: Published
    Description: 5.5. TTC - Sistema Informativo Territoriale
    Description: open
    Keywords: terremoti non rischio ; mappe ; sismicità strumentale ; sisitemi informativi territoriali ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 96
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    Offshore and onshore seepage of thermogenic gas at Katakolo Bay (Western Greece) (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Considerable seepage of natural gas occurs throughout the Katakolo Bay, both at sea and on land, along the Ionian coast of Peloponnesus (Western Greece). Explosive levels of CH4 and toxic concentrations of H2S accumulating in the ground, pose a severe hazard for humans and tourist infrastructures. A wide offshore and onshore gas survey, including marine remote sensing, underwater exploration by a towed instrumented system, compositional and isotopic analyses, and flux measurements of gas, allowed us to assess that: (a) gas seepage takes place along two main normal faults; (b) offshore side-scan sonographs recorded at least 823 gas bubble plumes over an area of 94,200 m2, at depths ranging from 5.5 to 16 m; (c) offshore and onshore seeps release the same type of thermogenic gas (δ13CCH4~−34 to −36‰); (d) offshore gas showed increased stable carbon isotopic ratio of CO2 and propane, which suggests enhanced biodegradation of hydrocarbons; (e) isotopic data combined with thermogenic gas generation modeling and maturity plots, suggest that the gas is related to a deep Petroleum System with Jurassic carbonate reservoirs, Triassic source rocks, and Triassic evaporites; (f) H2S (δ34S: +2.4‰) is produced by thermochemical sulfate reduction in deep anhydrites, in contact with hydrocarbon-rich carbonates; (g) due to the shallow depth, more than 90% of CH4 released at the seabed enters the atmosphere, consistent with theoretical bubble dissolution models, with a mean plume output of 0.12 kg d−1; total offshore CH4 output was estimated in the range of 33 to 120 t y−1; and (h) in the onshore area at least 50 gas vents in the harbor and a large seep on the adjacent Faros hill, emit in total about 89 t CH4 y−1. Katakolo results to be one of the biggest thermogenic gas seepage zones in Europe.
    Description: Published
    Description: 115–126
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Gas seeps ; Thermogenic methane ; Bubble plumes ; Hydrocarbon biodegradation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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  • 97
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    Continuous monitoring of hydrogen and carbon dioxide at Mt Etna (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This study assessed the use of a H2 fuel cell as an H2-selective sensor for volcano monitoring. The resolution, repeatability, and cross-sensitivity of the sensor were investigated and evaluated under known laboratory conditions. A tailor-made device was developed and used for continuously monitoring H2 and CO2 at Mt Etna throughout 2009 and 2010. The temporal variations of both parameters were strongly correlated with the evolution of the volcanic activity during the monitoring period. In particular, the CO2 flux exhibited long-term variations, while H2 exhibited pulses immediately before the explosive activity that occurred at Mt Etna during 2010.
    Description: Published
    Description: 41–51
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Soil CO2 flux ; H2 monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 98
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    Geochemical features and effects on deep-seated fluids during the May-June 2012 southern Po Valley seismic sequence (2013)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A periodic sampling of the groundwaters and dissolved and free gases in selected deep wells located in the area affected by the May-June 2012 southern Po Valley seismic sequence has provided insight into seismogenic-induced changes of the local aquifer systems. The results obtained show progressive changes in the fluid geochemistry, allowing it to be established that deep-seated fluids were mobilized during the seismic sequence and reached surface layers along faults and fractures, which generated significant geochemical anomalies. The May-June 2012 seismic swarm (mainshock on May 29, 2012, M 5.8; 7 shocks M 〉5, about 200 events 3 〉 M 〉 5) induced several modifications in the circulating fluids. This study reports the preliminary results obtained for the geochemical features of the waters and gases collected over the epicentral area from boreholes drilled at different depths, thus intercepting water and gases with different origins and circulation. The aim of the investigations was to improve our knowledge of the fluids circulating over the seismic area (e.g. origin, provenance, interactions, mixing of different components, temporal changes). This was achieved by collecting samples from both shallow and deep-drilled boreholes, and then, after the selection of the relevant sites, we looked for temporal changes with mid-to-long-term monitoring activity following a constant sampling rate. This allowed us to gain better insight into the relationships between the fluid circulation and the faulting activity. The sampling sites are listed in Table 1, along with the analytical results of the gas phase.
    Description: Published
    Description: 815-821
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Fluids ; Geochemistry ; Faults ; Temporal changes. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 99
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    Methane flux from miniseepage in mud volcanoes of SW Taiwan: Comparison with the data from Italy, Romania, and Azerbaijan (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Mud volcanoes (MVs) are considered important methane (CH4) sources for the atmosphere; gas is not only released from macro-seepage, i.e., from craters and visible gas bubbling manifestations, but also from invisible and pervasive exhalation from the ground, named miniseepage. CH4 flux related to miniseepage was measured only in a few MVs, in Azerbaijan, Italy, Japan, Romania and Taiwan. This study examines in detail the flux data acquired in 5 MVs and 1 ‘‘dry’’ seep in SW Taiwan, and further compares with other 23 MVs in Italy, Romania and Azerbaijan. Miniseepage from the six manifestations in SW Taiwan MVs and seeps annually contribute at least 110 tons of methane directly to the atmosphere, and represents about 80% of total degassing during a quiescent period. Combining miniseepage flux and geo-electrical data from the Wu-shan-ding MV revealed a possible link between gas flux and electrical resistivity of the vadose zone. This suggests that unsaturated subsoil is a preferential zone for shallow gas accumulation and seepage to the atmosphere. Besides, miniseepage flux in Chu-huo everlasting fire decreases by increasing the distance from the main gas channeling zone and molecular fractionation (methane/ethane ratio) is higher for lower flux seepage, consistently with what observed in other MVs worldwide. Measurements from Azerbaijan, Italy, Romania, and Taiwan converge to indicate that miniseepage is directly proportional to the vent output and it is a significant component of the total methane budget of a MV. A miniseepage vs. macro-seepage flux equation has been statistically assessed and it can be used to estimate theoretically at least the order of magnitude of the flux of miniseepage for MVs of which only the flux from vents was evaluated, or will be evaluated in future. This will allow a more complete and objective quantification of gas emission in MVs, thus also refining the estimate of the global methane emission from geological sources.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3–12
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mud volcano ; Miniseepage ; Macro-seepage ; Global methane emission ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 100
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    Chemical and isotopic characterisation of bulk deposition in the Louros basin (Epirus, Greece) (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: About 120 rainwater samples were collected through a network of five bulk collectors in the area of the Louros basin (Epirus, Greece) during the wet season from October 2008 to August 2009. They were analysed for their isotopic (δD and δ18O) and chemical (H+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4 +, F−, Cl−, Br−, NO3 −, SO4 2 −) composition. A local meteoric water line (δD‰ = 5.80 ± 0.02 δ18O‰ + 0.02 ± 0.12) and a local isotopic lapse rate (−0.18 δ18O‰/100 m) were obtained considering the volume-weighted means of the five sampling sites. These results agree well with those obtained in nearby areas. The chemical composition of the samples allows to identify an almost entirely marine origin for chloride and sodium with decreasing deposition values at increasing distance from the coast. Nitrate and ammonium are almost completely of anthropogenic origin, calcium and potassium are overwhelmingly geogenic, sulphate has a prevailingly anthropogenic origin with a significant marine contribution and magnesium has a mixedmarine and soil dust origin. Finally, as for most of the Mediterranean area, rainwater acidity is buffered by the dissolution of the abundant geogenic carbonate aerosol.
    Description: Published
    Description: 399-410
    Description: 4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Precipitation ; Neutralization ; Stable isotopes ; Chemical composition ; Bulk deposition ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.03. Pollution ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.06. Precipitation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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